Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Glycine Encephalopathy

An autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by deficiencies in the mitochondrial GLYCINE cleavage system.

Synonyms(13)

Synonym
Type I Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia, Type III
Hyperglycinemia, Nonketotic, Type III
Hyperglycinemia, Nonketotic, Type I
Hyperglycinemia, Nonketotic
Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
Hyperglycinemia, Nonketotic, Type II
Non-ketotic Hyperglycinemia
Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia, Type I
Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia, Type II
Glycine Encephalopathy
Type III Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
Type II Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"The diagnosis of nonketotic hyperglycinemia is considered to depend upon the presence of increased cerebrospinal fluid glycine and an increased cerebrospinal fluid to plasma glycine ratio."( Applegarth, DA; Jackson, AH; Kure, S; Levy, HL; Toone, JR, 1999)
"Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a life-threatening disorder in neonates characterized by a deficiency of the glycine cleavage system."( Chabrol, B; Confort-Gouny, S; Cozzone, PJ; Nicoli, F; Viola, A; Viout, P, 2002)
"Neonatal nonketotic hyperglycinemia is usually fatal or, less commonly, severely developmentally disabling, whereas transient nonketotic hyperglycinemia has usually been followed by normal development."( Chugani, D; Chugani, H; Gascon, GG; Hyland, K; Lin, FY, 2006)
"Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a disorder of amino acid metabolism in which a defect in the glycine cleavage system leads to an accumulation of glycine in the brain and other body compartments."( Morrison, PF; Sankar, R; Shields, WD, 2006)
"Late-onset nonketotic hyperglycinemia is very rare, presents with varied clinical features, and may be underdiagnosed."( Carpenter, K; Chiong, MA; Procopis, P; Wilcken, B, 2007)
"Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is an inborn error of glycine metabolism leading to the accumulation of glycine in the brain."( Cheong, JL; Manley, BJ; Sokol, J, 2010)
"Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a rare metabolic disorder with severe, frequently fatal, neurologic manifestations."( Diogo, L; Garcia, P; Grazina, M; Henriques, R; Robalo, C; Simões, M; Veríssimo, C, 2013)
"Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is an inborn error of glycine metabolism."( Aggarwal, S; Chintakindi, KP; Dalal, AB; Love, DR; Love, JM; Prosser, D, 2014)
"Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is a neurometabolic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, seizures, and spasticity."( Applegarth, DA; Bjoraker, KJ; Coughlin, CR; Creadon-Swindell, G; Hennermann, JB; Mahieu, V; Matthijs, G; Scharer, GH; Spector, EB; Swanson, MA; Szerlong, HJ; Tong, S; Toone, JR; Van Hove, JL; Williams, K, 2015)
"Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defects in the mitochondrial glycine cleavage system."( Hayes-Rosen, C; Kornitzer, J; Ming, X; Silverstein, S; Veerapandiyan, A, 2019)
"Nonketotic hyperglycinemia is an autosomal recessive inborn error of glycine metabolism, characterized by deficient activity of the glycine cleavage enzyme system."( Bayrak, H; Ceylaner, S; Kasapkara, ÇS; Kılıç, M; Küçükcongar, A; Olgaç, A; Yıldız, Y; Yüksel, D; Zenciroğlu, A, 2021)

Context

ExcerptReference
"Nonketotic hyperglycinemia has variable phenotypic expressions and a poor prognosis."( Bhamkar, RP; Colaco, P, 2007)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Neonatal-type nonketotic hyperglycinemia treatment remains unsatisfactory, even if started early."( Chien, YH; Chou, SP; Hsu, CC; Huang, A; Hwu, WL; Lee, WT; Lu, FL, 2004)
"Three of four nonketotic hyperglycinemia patients homozygous for a novel GLDC mutation (A802V) were treated by assisted respiration and/or sodium benzoate with or without ketamine and had transient neonatal or absent symptoms and normal developmental outcome, despite persisting biochemical evidence of nonketotic hyperglycinemia."( Boneh, A; Ergaz, Z; Gomori, JM; Gutman, A; Ichinohe, A; Kojima, K; Korman, SH; Kure, S; Sato, K, 2004)

Research

Studies (107)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's3 (2.80)12.5806
2000's46 (42.99)18.1394
2010's44 (41.12)28.8240
2020's14 (13.08)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
gamma-aminobutyric acid0low10
benzoic acid0low20
formic acid0low10
carnitine0low10
choline0low20
methylmalonic acid0low20
creatine0low20
formaldehyde0low10
glycine0medium760
glyceric acid0low10
lipoamide0low10
thioctic acid0low10
inositol0low10
melatonin0low10
nitrous oxide0low10
pyridoxal phosphate0low10
pyridoxine0low10
acetaminophen0low10
diazepam0low10
valproic acid0low50
hydralazine0low10
imipramine0medium11
ketamine0low30
apnea0low30
phenobarbital0low10
pirenzepine0low10
propofol0low10
vigabatrin0low10
serine0low10
aspartic acid0low30
glutamine0low10
tyrosine0low10
methionine0low10
asparagine0low10
histidine0low10
threonine0low20
tryptophan0medium11
arginine0low10
glycinaldehyde0low10
tocopherols0low10
glutamic acid0low20
n-acetylaspartic acid0low30
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside0low10
homocysteine0low10
phenyldiazene0low10
3-nitrotyrosine0low10
tricaine0low10
lithium chloride0low10
sodium benzoate0low120
dextromethorphan0low90
dizocilpine maleate0low20
aminomethyltransferase0low160
perampanel0low10
levoleucovorin0low10
sapropterin0low10
folic acid0low20
olanzapine0low10

Protein Targets (728)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase3003
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A3003
phosphopantetheinyl transferase8008
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B5005
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2210021
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a1001
geminin110011
Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain1001
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Tubulin--tyrosine ligase0202
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma5005
ATAD5 protein, partial8008
GLS protein100010
Microtubule-associated protein tau5005
Smad31001
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A19009
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor110011
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 38008
progesterone receptor4004
EWS/FLI fusion protein3003
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1100010
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha3003
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha9009
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha140014
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma6006
aryl hydrocarbon receptor5005
chromobox protein homolog 17007
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 28008
peripheral myelin protein 226006
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 17007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi76215
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30808
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40809
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Carbonic anhydrase 120104
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90003
Bile salt export pump0404
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit3003
Bile salt export pump015015
Cytochrome P450 2B10001
Cytochrome P450 1A10001
Carbonic anhydrase 103011
Carbonic anhydrase 203011
Myoglobin0101
Cytochrome P450 1A10113
Cytochrome P450 1A20103
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Carbonic anhydrase 30104
Cytochrome P450 3A40306
Cytochrome P450 2D60406
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0405
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-176215
Sulfotransferase 1A1 0001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta76215
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-276316
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60002
Glutamate receptor 24217
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-576215
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-376215
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0001
Carbonic anhydrase 40205
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Carbonic anhydrase 60104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-176215
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-276215
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-476215
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-376215
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-676215
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0205
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20001
Carbonic anhydrase 70104
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma4004
Cytochrome P450 2J20405
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-176316
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-376215
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-276316
Carbonic anhydrase 90205
GABA theta subunit76215
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10707
Carbonic anhydrase 150104
Carbonic anhydrase 130103
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon76215
Carbonic anhydrase 140104
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0104
toxin B0001
thioredoxin reductase100010
TDP1 protein8008
arylsulfatase A8008
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1100010
D(1A) dopamine receptor8008
lamin isoform A-delta10140014
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A2002
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE6006
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0022
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0022
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0022
NFKB1 protein, partial2002
alpha-galactosidase2002
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor3003
flap endonuclease 15005
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)6006
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1110011
lethal factor (plasmid)5005
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0002
Nitric oxide synthase, brain0012
Nitric oxide synthase, brain 0001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0013
Cationic amino acid transporter 30101
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase100010
Neutral amino acid transporter A0303
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)0303
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0007
Amino acid transporter0303
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE6006
Chain A, Ferritin light chain4004
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60124
Excitatory amino acid transporter 40202
Glutamate transporter homolog0011
N(4)-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 010215
Excitatory amino acid transporter 10304
Excitatory amino acid transporter 20304
Excitatory amino acid transporter 30304
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 010215
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B010215
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C010215
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10124
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20124
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D010215
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B010215
Carbonic anhydrase 40002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A010215
Chain A, Oxygen-insensitive Nad(p)h Nitroreductase0101
Chain B, Oxygen-insensitive Nad(p)h Nitroreductase0101
Luciferase4004
acetylcholinesterase3003
GLI family zinc finger 39009
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)3003
Polyphenol oxidase 20102
D-amino-acid oxidase0011
Cellular tumor antigen p53110011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40303
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20303
Tyrosinase0101
D-amino-acid oxidase0213
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50124
Alpha-glucosidase MAL120101
Monocarboxylate transporter 10001
Beta-lactamase 0112
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200202
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
D-aspartate oxidase0101
Serine racemase0202
Solute carrier family 22 member 50001
Solute carrier family 22 member 50001
Solute carrier family 22 member 160001
Solute carrier family 22 member 210001
Solute carrier family 22 member 50001
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Putative Glycine Betaine-binding Abc Transporter Protein0011
Chain A, PUTATIVE GLYCINE BETAINE-BINDING ABC TRANSPORTER PROTEIN0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Choline-binding protein0011
Solute carrier family 22 member 10102
Solute carrier family 22 member 20102
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0203
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50101
Acetylcholinesterase0303
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 10101
Choline O-acetyltransferase 0001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-90101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70202
Solute carrier family 22 member 10203
High affinity choline transporter 10101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-100101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20203
Chain A, HADH2 protein5005
Chain B, HADH2 protein5005
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E0202
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit1001
Fumarate hydratase1001
AR protein110011
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease3003
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 45005
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]5005
G4004
cytochrome P450 2D62002
polyprotein1001
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0101
glucocerebrosidase2002
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta3003
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor3003
caspase-33003
IDH11001
Adenylate cyclase type 1 0101
Histone H2A.x2002
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 16006
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 14004
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d6006
DNA polymerase beta3003
mitogen-activated protein kinase 12002
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor2002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 15005
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 13003
short transient receptor potential channel 6 isoform 10011
survival motor neuron protein isoform d2002
M-phase phosphoprotein 83003
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 11001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B2002
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0202
Interferon beta4004
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 4004
Albumin0022
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10505
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20516
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40617
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10003
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10404
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30404
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0415
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0606
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50505
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50606
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0404
Calmodulin-10101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20505
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10539
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0303
D(2) dopamine receptor0609
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0606
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0516
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0404
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0404
D0404
D(3) dopamine receptor0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0718
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0516
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30617
Endothelin receptor type B0101
D(1A) dopamine receptor0405
D(4) dopamine receptor0406
D(1B) dopamine receptor0102
Adenylate cyclase type 30101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0516
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40003
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0516
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0516
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0707
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0101
Endothelin receptor type B0101
Histamine H2 receptor0202
Adenosine receptor A10204
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0404
D(1B) dopamine receptor0303
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0101
Adenylate cyclase type 20101
Adenylate cyclase type 40101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0608
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0718
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0303
D(4) dopamine receptor0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0617
Histamine H1 receptor0202
Histamine H1 receptor0303
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0808
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0202
Cytochrome P450 2C190002
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C 0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70303
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Histamine H1 receptor06311
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0406
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0202
Adenylate cyclase type 80101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0617
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0617
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0202
Histamine H2 receptor2103
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60506
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0101
Spike glycoprotein4004
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0505
Calmodulin 0011
Inositol monophosphatase 13003
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0303
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
Adenylate cyclase type 60101
Adenylate cyclase type 50101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0303
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0303
Transporter0202
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D0202
Adenylyl cyclase 7 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C0202
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 14004
D0202
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 53003
Ataxin-25005
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Histamine H4 receptor0112
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0202
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10303
Transporter0404
Histamine H3 receptor0202
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial4004
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 10101
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10404
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0303
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0303
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Cytochrome P450 2D10101
Cytochrome P450 2D260101
Cytochrome P450 2D30101
Taste receptor type 2 member 460011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10404
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0404
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0404
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0303
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10404
Cytochrome P450 2D40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0112
glp-1 receptor, partial3003
pregnane X nuclear receptor6006
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a5005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0303
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 10001
Albumin0012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10448
Translocator protein0113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10325
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20437
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20203
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30437
Translocator protein0101
Translocator protein0101
Cholecystokinin receptor type A1102
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor1102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50347
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30336
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20336
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20336
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40325
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60325
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0112
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0303
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0011
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase6006
acid sphingomyelinase1001
USP1 protein, partial4004
activating transcription factor 65005
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein2002
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 14004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 23003
Thymidylate synthase0202
Thymidylate synthase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10303
Alpha-synuclein1001
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30101
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0001
Multidrug resistance associated protein0001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-30011
Hsf1 protein0011
regulator of G-protein signaling 45005
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a3003
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 32002
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor4004
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 14004
Histone deacetylase 30303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-10022
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-20011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Histone deacetylase 40303
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0102
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0102
TAR DNA-binding protein 433104
Histone deacetylase 10303
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10011
Histone deacetylase 70303
Histone deacetylase 20303
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100303
Histone deacetylase 11 0303
Histone deacetylase 80303
Platelet glycoprotein VI0011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Histone deacetylase 60303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10112
Histone deacetylase 90303
Histone deacetylase 50303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10101
Chain A, GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBUNIT 20101
Chain A, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 20101
Chain B, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 20101
Chain A, Slr1257 protein0011
Chain A, Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing]0101
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 14004
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80202
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0202
Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 10101
Prothrombin0011
Integrin beta-31012
Integrin alpha-IIb1012
ATP-citrate synthase 0101
Glutamate receptor 11214
Glutamate receptor 31214
Glutamate receptor 41214
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10213
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10213
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 30011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 40112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 70011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20213
Glutamate receptor 10314
Glutamate receptor 20213
Glutamate receptor 30112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30202
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80011
Glutamate receptor 40213
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 0001
Glutamate racemase0001
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80112
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40202
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30101
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 70113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 30113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 40113
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50202
Glutamate racemase0001
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase0101
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO0101
Chain A, Glutamine Binding Protein0011
15-lipoxygenase, partial1001
Asc-type amino acid transporter 10101
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 10101
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10505
Olfactory receptor 51E20011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 20101
Chain A, HISTIDINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Plasma kallikrein0003
Histidine-binding periplasmic protein0011
Adenosine receptor A2a0002
Carbonic anhydrase0003
Carbonic anhydrase0003
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0003
Carbonic anhydrase0003
Carbonic anhydrase0104
Carbonic anhydrase 0003
Carbonic anhydrase 130001
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 10101
Thrombopoietin1001
Parkin1001
pyruvate kinase1001
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
ras-related protein Rab-9A2002
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform b1001
N-glycosylase/DNA lyase0101
Myeloperoxidase0303
Ornithine decarboxylase1001
Aspartate aminotransferase, cytoplasmic0101
Lactoperoxidase0101
Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase1001
Snq2p0001
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a2002
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)4004
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Major prion protein0011
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60101
Pleiotropic ABC efflux transporter of multiple drugs0102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B0101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30001
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B0101
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0101
Envelope glycoprotein0011
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0101
Chain B, Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D0101
Chain A, Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D0101
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0101
Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter 20101
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Cholinesterase0202
inositol monophosphatase 11001
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta0112
interleukin 81001
ClpP1001
Cytochrome P450 1A2 0101
Cholinesterase0202
Cytochrome P450 2C11 0101
Aromatase0101
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]0202
Acetylcholinesterase 0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Nociceptin receptor0101
Melatonin receptor type 1A0213
Melatonin receptor type 1C0011
Melatonin receptor type 1A0112
Melatonin receptor type 1B0213
Melatonin receptor type 1C0112
Melatonin receptor type 1B0112
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 20001
Cytochrome P450 1B10101
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM0101
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0101
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain A, Aminopeptidase0101
Chain A, Methionine aminopeptidase0101
S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase0101
Adenylate cyclase type 50001
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-10001
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-20001
Fatty acid synthase0101
Chain A, Beta-lactamase2002
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
snurportin-11001
tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein1001
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
Serine racemase0101
67.9K protein1001
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 13003
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA1001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a2002
FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR0001
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0101
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 172002
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
dopamine D1 receptor1001
GALC protein1001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor DM10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)2002
farnesoid X nuclear receptor2002
heat shock protein beta-11001
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A80001
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase beta0001
Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase0101
P2X purinoceptor 10011
P2X purinoceptor 10101
P2X purinoceptor 40011
Trans-sialidase0101
Trans-sialidase0101
P2X purinoceptor 20011
Pyridoxal kinase0001
Pyruvate kinase PKM0011
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 20101
SMAD family member 21001
SUMO1 activating enzyme subunit 10101
SMAD family member 31001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
hexokinase0101
SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC90101
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 isoform 40101
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform 10101
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I1001
Vif0101
Tat0101
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 10101
bifunctional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase/glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase0101
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
Chain A, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein0011
Chain K, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein0011
Chain B, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain C, Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase II0011
thioredoxin glutathione reductase1001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme0101
Stromelysin-10101
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10102
Substance-P receptor0101
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase0102
SLC16A10 protein0002
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor0101
Tryprostatin B synthase0001
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase0011
Monocarboxylate transporter 100002
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein0101
Chain A, CHORISMATE MUTASE0101
Chain A, TYROSYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE0011
Taste receptor type 2 member 140001
pregnane X receptor1001
Cocaine esterase0101
Cytochrome P450 2A60101
Tissue factor0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70102
Liver carboxylesterase 10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B70101
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial0101
endonuclease IV1001
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]