| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite |
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity | antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite |
pyruvaldehyde
Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo aldehyde;
propanals | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor;
fundamental metabolite |
berberine
[no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound | antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker |
diphenyleneiodonium
diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | organic cation | |
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic |
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester | antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent |
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | acyl fluoride | serine proteinase inhibitor |
temozolomide
[no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative | alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug |
corticosterone
[no description available] | 8.65 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 2-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine | antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone |
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent |
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones | antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin |
pregnenolone
[no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
thiazoles
[no description available] | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene | |
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose. | 7.01 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist |
oleanolic acid
[no description available] | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid | plant metabolite |
cellobiose
beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cellobiose | epitope |
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 3.57 | 8 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid;
C-nitro compound | epitope;
explosive;
reagent |
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin | EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite |
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical |
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | organic bromide salt | colorimetric reagent;
dye |
baicalin
[no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative | antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug |
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
alpha-amyrin
alpha-amyrin: beta-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from taraxasterol that differs from beta-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 19 position. alpha-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol | |
panaxadiol
panaxadiol: a protopanaxadiol with the side chain cyclized into a pyran which is an artifact of acidic hydrolysis; RN refers to (3 beta,12 beta,20R)-isomer | 2.63 | 2 | 0 | triterpenoid saponin | |
panaxatriol
panaxatriol: a protopanaxatriol with the side chain cyclized into a pyran which is an artifact of acidic hydrolysis | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid saponin | |
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 7.25 | 1 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic |
beta-amyrin acetate
[no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid | |
asiaticoside
[no description available] | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | | |
schizandrin b
schizandrin B: a phytogenic antineoplastic agent with anti-inflammatory activity; isolated from Schisandra plant | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | | |
ginsenoside rh2
ginsenoside Rh2: from leaves of Panax ginseng C; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite |
astragaloside a
[no description available] | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | | |
cycloastragenol
[no description available] | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | | |
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II | human metabolite |
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | | |
lupeol
[no description available] | 3.58 | 2 | 0 | pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol | anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite |
arabinose
[no description available] | 7.13 | 1 | 0 | L-arabinose | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite |
cellulase
Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | cellotriose | |
ginsenoside re
[no description available] | 5.02 | 12 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
nephroprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite |
ginsenoside rf
ginsenoside Rf: from ginseng. ginsenoside Rf : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite |
ginsenoside rg1
[no description available] | 5.35 | 17 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | neuroprotective agent;
pro-angiogenic agent |
notoginsenoside r1
notoginsenoside R1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 3.68 | 9 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
neuroprotective agent;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite |
decursin
decursin: activates protein kinase C; isolated from the root of Angelica gigas; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source | 7.01 | 1 | 0 | coumarins | |
acarbose
[no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | amino cyclitol;
glycoside | |
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone | calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
glycosides
[no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | | |
chalcone
trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | chalcone | EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor |
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | stilbene | |
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | cinnamate ester;
tannin | food component;
plant metabolite |
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | thiocarboxamide | hepatotoxic agent |
nadp
[no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | | |
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives. | 17.85 | 164 | 4 | | |
silybin
[no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 7.03 | 1 | 0 | | |
ganhuangenin
ganhuangenin: flavonoid from Scutellaria rehderiana; lipid peroxide antagonist | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | | |
quercetin
[no description available] | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger |
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 3.18 | 5 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic |
vitexin
[no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound;
trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor |
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxyflavone | antineoplastic agent;
metabolite |
luteolin
[no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone | antioxidant;
metabolite |
baicalein
[no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger |
daidzein
[no description available] | 2.61 | 2 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite |
rosmarinic acid
rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | rosmarinic acid | geroprotector;
plant metabolite |
fosbretabulin
fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | | |
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 7.08 | 1 | 0 | carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom | neurotoxin |
5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine
5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine: structure given in first source. 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 1,3-diethyl-5,6-dichloroindoleinine units at each end. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cyanine dye;
indolium ion | fluorochrome |
puerarin
[no description available] | 2.61 | 2 | 0 | C-glycosyl compound;
isoflavonoid | |
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt | fluorochrome |
lyoniside
daucosterol : A steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
steroid saponin | plant metabolite |
hydroxysafflor yellow a
hydroxysafflor yellow A: from Carthamus tinctorius; structure given in first source. hydroxysafflor yellow A : A C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius). | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | | |
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid
[no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | quinic acid | |
beta-escin
[no description available] | 5.4 | 18 | 0 | | |
ginsenoside rb2
[no description available] | 3.57 | 8 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | antiviral agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite |
oleanane
oleanane: from the aerial roots of Ficus microcarpa; structure in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | terpenoid fundamental parent;
triterpene | |
ginsenoside f1
ginsenoside F1: from ginseng. ginsenoside F1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
6alpha-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | apoptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite |
ginsenoside m1
ginsenoside M1: structure in first source. ginsenoside C-K : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 7.76 | 3 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite |
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent |
ginsenoside rb1
[no description available] | 6.17 | 39 | 0 | ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | anti-inflammatory drug;
anti-obesity agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger |
ginsenoside f2
ginsenoside F2: isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng. ginsenoside F2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 3.19 | 5 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite |
ginsenoside rg3
ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 3.88 | 11 | 0 | ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite |
araloside a
araloside A: structure given in first source; isolated from the root bark of Aralia chinesis L. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid saponin | metabolite |
protopanaxadiol, (3beta,12beta)-isomer
(20S)-protopanaxadiol : A diastereomer of protopanaxadiol in which the 20-hydroxy substituent has been introduced at the pro-S position. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | protopanaxadiol | |
protopanaxatriol
protopanaxtriol: a cardioprotective agent isolated from Panax notoginseng; structure in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
6alpha-hydroxy steroid;
sapogenin;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | metabolite |
ginsenoside rk1
ginsenoside Rk1: structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | | |
ginsenoside rc
[no description available] | 5.24 | 15 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite |
ginsenoside rh1
ginsenoside Rh1: RN given for (3beta,6alpha,12beta)-isomer. (20S)-ginsenoside Rh1 : A tetracyclic triterpenoid that is (20S)-protopanaxadiol which is substituted by beta-D-glucoside at the 6alpha position. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | plant metabolite |
ginsenoside rb3
[no description available] | 3.46 | 7 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | antidepressant;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
plant metabolite |
chikusetsu saponin iva
chikusetsu saponin IVa: from the tubers of Hemsleya pengxianensis (Cucurbitaceae) | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | triterpenoid saponin | metabolite |
jujubogenin
jujubogenin: dammarane type triterpene | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | | |
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 3.19 | 5 | 0 | | |
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | | |
sapogenins
Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature. | 4.46 | 6 | 0 | | |
ginsenoside rg2
ginsenoside Rg2: structure in first source; RN given refers to (6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-isomer. ginsenoside Rg2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | anticoagulant;
cardioprotective agent;
plant metabolite |
notoginsenoside r2
notoginsenoside R2: from the roots of commercial ginseng | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid saponin | |
ginsenoside rh4
ginsenoside Rh4: isolated from Korean red ginseng Panax ginseng; structure in first source | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | triterpenoid saponin | |
pseudoginsenoside f11
pseudoginsenoside F11: isolated from Panax quinquefolium L. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | | |
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | | |
mannans
[no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | | |
gypenoside XVII
gypenoside XVII : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
disaccharide derivative;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | plant metabolite |
(20R)-ginsenoside Rg3
(20R)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-R positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid | antioxidant;
plant metabolite |
heme
Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | | |
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | | |
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells. | 7.06 | 1 | 0 | ketal | |
ginsenoside rg5
ginsenoside Rg5: a major constituent of steamed Ginseng; structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | | |
bacoside a
bacoside A: from Bacopa monnieri; structure in first source | 3.21 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid saponin | |
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55)
[no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | | |
protopanaxadiol
protopanaxadiol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; has antineoplastic activity; acid hydrolysis results in panaxadiol. protopanaxadiol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng) that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. | 7.81 | 3 | 0 | | |
senkyunolide i
senkyunolide I: has antioxidant and anti-migraine activities; isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong; structure in first source | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | | |
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | | |