Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism.
ChEBI ID: 64909
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone | A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 have been replaced by chlorines. A highly toxic and carcinogenic disinfection by-product found in drinking water. | 2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone |
| brilliant green | An organic hydrogensulfate salt having 4-{[4-(diethylamino)phenyl](phenyl)methylidene}-N,N-diethylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-iminium as the counterion. | brilliant green |
| cassaine | A tricyclic diterpenoid isolated from several plant species of the genus Erythrophleum. | cassaine |
| diazomethane | The simplest diazo compound, in which a diazo group is attached to a methylene group. | diazomethane |
| hydrogen cyanide | A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom | hydrogen cyanide |
| methanearsonous acid | A one-carbon compound that is arsonous acid in which the hydrogen attached to arsenic is replaced by a methyl group. | methylarsonous acid |
| monoammonium molybdate | An ammonium salt composed of ammonium and molybdate ions in a 2:1 ratio. | ammonium molybdate |
| osmium tetroxide | An osmium coordination entity consisting of four oxygen atoms bound to a central osmium atom via covalent double bonds. | osmium tetroxide |
| potassium fluoride | A fluoride salt having K+ as the counterion. | potassium fluoride |
| sodium chromate(vi) | An inorganic sodium salt consisting of sodium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio. | sodium chromate |
| sodium molybdate(vi) | An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion. | sodium molybdate (anhydrous) |
| sodium nitrite | An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning. | sodium nitrite |
| sodium selenide | An inorganic sodium salt having selenide as the counterion. | sodium selenide |
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 1,927 (34.92) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 924 (16.75) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 961 (17.42) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 1,156 (20.95) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 550 (9.97) | 2.80 |
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 63 (1.07%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 211 (3.57%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 149 (2.52%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 5,489 (92.85%) | 84.16% |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15-lipoxygenase, partial | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 2 |
| aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.2202 | 1 | 1 |
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.8033 | 5 | 5 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 32.0336 | 2 | 4 |
| Ataxin-2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.3710 | 1 | 1 |
| ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 2.3710 | 2 | 2 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.5668 | 2 | 2 |
| Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 5.0119 | 1 | 1 |
| cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 3.3491 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 4.7349 | 7 | 8 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 57.4177 | 1 | 1 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.1998 | 2 | 2 |
| Histamine H2 receptor | Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 4 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 74.9780 | 1 | 1 |
| Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 47.3079 | 1 | 1 |
| peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 36.6108 | 2 | 2 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 2 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 68.2410 | 1 | 1 |
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.1001 | 2 | 2 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 0.4460 | 3 | 3 |
| vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 19.3913 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbonic anhydrase | Methanosarcina thermophila | Ki | 5,270.0000 | 4 | 4 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus str. Delta H | Ki | 27,800.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Stylophora pistillata | Ki | 860.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Astrosclera willeyana | Ki | 63,800.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 | Ki | 940.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase | Stylophora pistillata | Ki | 580.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 22,950.2188 | 15 | 16 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 13 | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Ki | 60.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 55,159.2308 | 25 | 26 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 10,546.6667 | 2 | 3 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 64,253.7500 | 3 | 4 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 7.5000 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 6 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 70.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 7 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 9,200.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 24,002.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Mu-type opioid receptor | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 63,000.0000 | 1 | 1 |