Compounds > glyburide
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glyburide

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Description

Glyburide is an oral antidiabetic medication that is used to treat type 2 diabetes. It is a sulfonylurea drug that works by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. Glyburide is typically prescribed when lifestyle changes and other medications, such as metformin, have not been effective in controlling blood sugar levels. Glyburide is synthesized through a multi-step process involving the reaction of a sulfonyl chloride with an appropriate amine derivative. It is highly effective in lowering blood sugar levels and is generally well-tolerated by patients. It has been widely studied for its safety, efficacy, and potential side effects. Glyburide is important for managing type 2 diabetes because it helps to improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of long-term complications. It is a commonly prescribed medication for this condition and has a long history of use. Research on glyburide continues to focus on understanding its mechanisms of action, optimizing its use, and developing new formulations. Glyburide remains a significant therapeutic agent in the management of type 2 diabetes. '

Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3488
CHEMBL ID472
CHEBI ID5441
SCHEMBL ID22009
MeSH IDM0009265

Synonyms (366)

Synonym
BIDD:GT0239
CBIOL_001790
MLS001077262
5-chloro-n-[2-(4-{[(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)amino]sulfonyl}phenyl)ethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide
HMS3267A15
AB00051949-17
AB00051949-16
BRD-K36927236-001-06-0
amglidia
gtpl2414
glybenclamide
DIVK1C_000481
KBIO1_000481
EU-0100499
SPECTRUM_000250
BSPBIO_001351
BPBIO1_000344
IDI1_033821
LOPAC0_000499
PRESTWICK3_000316
glibenclamida
5-chloro-n-(2-(4-((((cyclohexylamino)carbonyl)amino)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide
micronase
diabeta
1-(p-(2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl)benzenesulfonyl)-3-cyclohexylurea
1-((p-(2-(5-chloro-o-anisamido)ethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-3-cyclohexylurea
benzamide, 5-chloro-n-[2-[4-[[[(cyclohexylamino)carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]phenyl]ethyl]-2-methoxy-
CHEBI:5441 ,
PRESTWICK_569
glibenclamidum
5-chloro-n-(2-{4-[n-(n-cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]phenyl}ethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide
glynase
cas-10238-21-8
NCGC00023447-02
tocris-0911
BIO1_000076
NCGC00016689-01
NCGC00015467-01
lopac-g-0639
BIO2_000551
BIO2_000071
BIO1_000565
BIO1_001054
NCGC00023447-11
OPREA1_764617
SPECTRUM5_001631
PROBES2_000378
BSPBIO_000312
IDI1_000481
PROBES1_000431
PRESTWICK2_000316
UPCMLD-DP006:001
AB00051949
5-chloro-n-(2-{4-[(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]phenyl}ethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide
STK362992
10238-21-8
glyburide
glibenclamide
C07022
glyburide, meets usp testing specifications
UPCMLD-DP006
DB01016
glynase (tn)
micronase (tn)
D00336
diabeta (tn)
glyburide (usp)
glibenclamide (jp17/inn)
NCGC00023447-05
NCGC00023447-09
NCGC00023447-07
NCGC00023447-06
gen-glybe
glimel
glibil
hb 419
glibenclamid-ratiopharm
glubate
miglucan
euclamin
gliben
semi-euglucon
orabetic
gbn 5
euglucon 5
humedia
glyben
glycomin
pira
gliboral
hb-419
glibet
n-(4-(beta-(2-methoxy-5-chlorbenzamido)-aethyl)-benzolsulfonyl)-n'-cyclohexyl-harnstoff
glucomid
glibens
praeciglucon
glibenclamidum [inn-latin]
ur 606
glibenclamid heumann
glucobene
hexaglucon
glucolon
glybenzcyclamide
daonil
med-glionil
renabetic
n-(4-(2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl)phenylsulfonyl)-n'-cyclohexylurea
glimide
neogluconin
glitisol
c23h28cln3o5s
hemi-daonil
lisaglucon
gluben
glibetic
gliban
cytagon
gewaglucon
duraglucon
dibelet
glyburide [usan]
urea, 1-((p-(2-(chloro-o-anisamido)ethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-3-cyclohexyl-
prodiabet
glisulin
glibenil
glamide
glibenclamid fabra
glucoven
gilemal
glibenclamid-cophar
glibenclamid genericon
euglucon
adiab
brn 2230085
glibesyn
einecs 233-570-6
novo-glyburide
apo-glibenclamide
melix
glucohexal
glibenbeta
glyburide (micronized)
azuglucon
glibenclamida [inn-spanish]
betanese 5
lederglib
calabren
normoglucon
tiabet
benzamide, 5-chloro-n-(2-(4-((((cyclohexylamino)carbonyl)amino)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methoxy-
maninil
bastiverit
benclamin
glibenclamid basics
euglykon
urea, 1-(p-(2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl)benzenesulfonyl)-3-cyclohexyl-
sugril
suraben
glicem
yuglucon
norglicem 5
semi-gliben-puren n
semi-daonil
glucoremed
nadib
glidiabet
euglucan
libanil
betanase
debtan
u 26452
glibenclamid al
MLS000069721 ,
smr000058229
KBIOGR_000071
KBIO2_000071
KBIO2_002639
KBIO2_003298
KBIOSS_000071
KBIO3_000141
KBIO3_002273
KBIOGR_001897
KBIO3_000142
KBIO2_000730
KBIOSS_000730
KBIO2_005866
KBIO2_005207
SPBIO_002531
SPECTRUM2_001816
NINDS_000481
PRESTWICK1_000316
SPECTRUM3_001327
SPBIO_001831
PRESTWICK0_000316
SPECTRUM4_001199
SPECTRUM2300229
SR-01000000196-5
BSPBIO_003053
NCGC00015467-02
NCGC00023447-04
NCGC00023447-10
NCGC00023447-08
NCGC00023447-12
glybenclamide, >=99% (hplc)
NCGC00015467-06
G 0639 ,
HMS1989D13
HMS2089L06
HMS2093P04
NCGC00015467-16
AKOS001487495
u-26,45
nsc-759618
u-26452
cirara
CHEMBL472 ,
u-26,452
HMS1791D13
HMS501I03
HMS1361D13
HMS1922L08
HMS1568P14
5-chloro-n-[2-[4-(cyclohexylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide
bdbm50012957
NCGC00015467-11
A19539
HMS3261D19
HMS3259O12
HMS2095P14
5-chloro-n-[4-(3-cyclohexylureidosulfonyl)phenethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide
G0382
rp-1127
micronized glyburide
nsc 759618
glibenclamid riker m.
sx6k58tvwc ,
unii-sx6k58tvwc
glibenclamide [inn]
glyburide [usan:usp]
tox21_300758
NCGC00254662-01
pharmakon1600-02300229
nsc759618
dtxsid0037237 ,
dtxcid8017237
tox21_110158
5-chloro-n-(4-(n-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide
CCG-39618
NCGC00015467-10
NCGC00015467-04
NCGC00015467-09
NCGC00015467-07
NCGC00015467-17
NCGC00015467-14
NCGC00015467-12
NCGC00015467-08
NCGC00015467-15
NCGC00015467-18
NCGC00015467-03
NCGC00015467-13
NCGC00015467-05
BCP9000729
abbenclamide
glibadone
diabiphage
glycron
HY-15206
CS-1075
FT-0601608
LP00499
glyburide [who-ip]
glyburide component of glucovance
glibenclamide [ep monograph]
glyburide [orange book]
glucovance component glyburide
glibenclamide [who-dd]
glyburide [vandf]
glibenclamide [who-ip]
glibenclamidum [who-ip latin]
glibenclamide [jan]
glyburide [mi]
glyburide [usp monograph]
glibenclamide [mart.]
glyburide [usp-rs]
NC00566
SCHEMBL22009
NCGC00015467-20
tox21_110158_1
KS-5326
tox21_500499
NCGC00261184-01
ZNNLBTZKUZBEKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
5-chloro-n-(2-[4-(([(cyclohexylamino)carbonyl]amino)sulfonyl)phenyl]ethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide #
hd 419
n-(4-(.beta.-(2-methoxy-5-chlorbenzamido)-aethyl)-benzolsulfonyl)-n'-cyclohexyl-harnstoff
1-[[p-[2-(5-chloro-o-anisamido)ethyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]-3-cyclohexylurea
1-((p-(2-(5-chloro-o-anisamido)ethyl)phenyl)sulfonyl)-3-cyclohexyl urea
5-chloro-n-[2-[4-[[[(cylcohexylamino)carbonyl]amino]sulphonyl]phenyl]ethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide
5-chloro-n-[4-(cyclohexylureidosulfonyl)phenethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide
W-108874
GBM ,
HMS3402D13
HMS3428D15
glyburide (glibenclamide)
AB00051949_19
AB00051949_18
OPERA_ID_801
n-p-[2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl]benzenesulfonyl-n'-cyclohexylurea
mfcd00056625
glybenzcyclamide, 99%
sr-01000000196
SR-01000000196-2
glyburide, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
glybenclamide, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
HMS3651E17
glibenclamide for peak identification, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
glyburide (glibenclamide), pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
glibenclamide 1.0 mg/ml in acetonitrile
SR-01000000196-8
SR-01000000196-6
SR-01000000196-4
SBI-0050483.P003
HMS3712P14
NCGC00015467-36
Z277540138
SW195828-5
1-{4-[2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl]benzenesulfonyl}-3-cyclohexylurea;1-{4-[2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl]benzenesulfonyl}-3-cyclohexylurea
'glibenclamide; glyburide'
n1-[4-({[(cyclohexylamino)carbonyl]amino}sulfonyl)phenethyl]-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamide
BCP05327
Q420626
5-chloro-n-(4-[n-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide
glyburide - cas 10238-21-8
M01823
nsc-813214
nsc813214
S1716
delmide
HMS3675F16
5-chloro-n-(4-(n-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)-phenethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide
glibenclamide,(s)
HMS3411F16
BRD-K36927236-001-17-7
SB17414
SDCCGSBI-0050483.P004
NCGC00015467-37
5-chloro-n-[2-[4-[[[(cyclohexylamino)carbonyl]-amino]sulfonyl]phenyl]-ethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide
5-chloro-n-[2-[4-(cyclohexylcarbamoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]ethyl]-2-methoxybenzamide.
G-150
D81733
NCGC00015467-21
EN300-117270
glibenclamide for peak identification
BG166164
glibenclamide - bio-x
SY057080
glibenclamide (mart.)
glyburide (usan:usp)
glibenclamide (ep monograph)
5-chloro-n-(2-(4-(n-(n-cyclohexylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide
4-(2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoylamino)ethyl)-n-(cyclohexylcarbamoyl)benzenesulfonamide
glyburide (usp-rs)
a10bb01
glyburide (usp monograph)
glibenclamida (inn-spanish)
glibenclamidum (inn-latin)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Glyburide (GLB) is an oral sulfonylurea, commonly used for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus. Glyburide is an effective treatment for reaching glycaemic goals during pregnancy in women with GDM.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Glyburide is a classic antidiabetic drug that is dominant in inflammation regulation, but its specific role in ozone-induced lung inflammation and injury remains unclear. "( Glyburide attenuates ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury by blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Ba, Y; Chen, X; Duan, S; Feng, F; Gao, M; Huang, L; Li, C; Liu, H; Shao, H; Wang, J; Wang, W; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Wu, W; Yang, Z; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R; Zhu, J; Zhu, Y, 2020)		3.44
"Glyburide is an effective treatment for reaching glycaemic goals during pregnancy in women with GDM. "( Glyburide therapy for gestational diabetes: Glycaemic control, maternal hypoglycaemia, and treatment failure.
Affres, H; Bouchghoul, H; Bouyer, J; Coustols-Valat, M; Deruelle, P; Letourneau, A; Senat, MV, 2021)		3.51
"Glyburide is a safe, inexpensive, and efficacious alternative to dexamethasone for the treatment of cerebral metastasis-related vasogenic edema."( Inhibition of SUR1 decreases the vascular permeability of cerebral metastases.
Muldoon, LL; Neuwelt, EA; Pishko, GL; Thompson, EM, 2013)		1.11
"Glyburide (GLB) is a widely used oral sulfonylurea for the treatment of gestational diabetes. "( Contributions of human cytochrome P450 enzymes to glyburide metabolism.
Hebert, MF; Isoherranen, N; Lin, YS; Liu, L; Mao, Q; Naraharisetti, SB; Unadkat, JD; Wang, H; Zhou, L, 2010)		2.06
"Glyburide (GLB) is an oral sulfonylurea, commonly used for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus. "( Increased glyburide clearance in the pregnant mouse model.
Hebert, MF; Mao, Q; Unadkat, JD; Zhang, Y; Zhou, L, 2010)		2.21
"Glyburide is an oral hypoglycemic agent used to treat diabetes mellitus."( Glyburide is anti-inflammatory and associated with reduced mortality in melioidosis.
Chaowagul, W; Chierakul, W; Day, NP; Dougan, G; Koh, GC; Lee, SJ; Limmathurotsakul, D; Mahavanakul, W; Maude, RR; Peacock, SJ; Schreiber, MF; van der Poll, T; White, NJ; Wiersinga, WJ; Wuthiekanun, V, 2011)		2.53
"Glyburide is a prescribed hypoglycemic drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients. "( Synthesis and evaluation of fluorine-18 labeled glyburide analogs as beta-cell imaging agents.
Alavi, AA; Deng, S; Doliba, N; Feng, Q; Matschinsky, F; Naji, A; Pourdehnad, MT; Rösch, F; Schirrmacher, R; Schmitz, A; Shiue, CY; Shiue, GG; Vatamaniuk, M; Wolf, B, 2004)		2.02
"Glyburide is a poorly water-soluble oral hypoglycemic agent, with problems of variable bioavailability and bio-inequivalence related to its poor water-solubility. "( Development and evaluation of glyburide fast dissolving tablets using solid dispersion technique.
Ballerini, R; Cirri, M; Maestrelli, F; Mura, P; Valleri, M, 2004)		2.05
"Glyburide is a second-generation sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drug used for the treatment of select women with pregestational and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). "( Effect of human serum albumin on transplacental transfer of glyburide.
Ahmed, MS; Hankins, GD; Nanovskaya, TN; Nekhayeva, I, 2006)		2.02
"Glyburide (GLB) is an antidiabetic drug routinely used to treat gestational diabetes."( The breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp1/Abcg2) limits fetal distribution of glyburide in the pregnant mouse: an Obstetric-Fetal Pharmacology Research Unit Network and University of Washington Specialized Center of Research Study.
Hebert, MF; Mao, Q; Naraharisetti, SB; Unadkat, JD; Wang, H; Zhou, L, 2008)		1.29
"Glyburide is an improved drug for the management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). "( Glyburide (DiaBeta): a new second-generation hypoglycemic agent.
Krall, LP, 1984)		3.15
"Glyburide is an effective hypoglycemic agent in patients with type II diabetes even after the loss of its ability to increase insulin secretion. "( Low-dose oral glyburide reduces fasting blood glucose by decreasing hepatic glucose production in healthy volunteers without increasing carbohydrate oxidation.
Tayek, JA, 1995)		2.09
"Glyburide is an effective, long-acting, second-generation oral sulfonylurea introduced in the United States in 1984."( Glyburide in non-insulin-dependent diabetes: an update.
Kolterman, OG, )		2.3
"Glyburide is a useful and rational addition to therapy in properly selected patients with type II diabetes mellitus."( Review of glyburide after one year on the market.
Feldman, JM, 1985)		1.39

Effects

Glyburide and metformin have been shown to be as effective as insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes. Glyburide has replaced insulin as the more common pharmacotherapy for GDM over the past decade among those privately insured.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Glyburide has a therapeutic effectiveness comparable to that of the first-generation sulfonylurea chlorpropamide; however, it has a lower frequency of adverse effects."( Glyburide: a second-generation sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent. History, chemistry, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, clinical use and adverse effects.
Feldman, JM, )		2.3
"Glyburide has been shown as an effective neuroprotective agent in preclinical tSCI models and in the treatment of ischaemic stroke with the additional risk of a hypoglycaemic response. "( SCING-Spinal Cord Injury Neuroprotection with Glyburide: a pilot, open-label, multicentre, prospective evaluation of oral glyburide in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury in the USA.
Boling, WW; Farhadi, HF; Mehta, A; Minnema, AJ; Schwab, J; Simard, JM, 2019)		2.21
"Glyburide has been associated with increased neonatal hypoglycemia."( The Use of Non-insulin Agents in Gestational Diabetes: Clinical Considerations in Tailoring Therapy.
Blair, RA; Palermo, NE; Rosenberg, EA, 2019)		1.24
"Glyburide has good efficacy and short-term data but it also crosses the placenta and may be associated with increased rates of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants and neonatal hypoglycaemia when compared with insulin."( Pharmacological Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Feig, DS; Mukerji, G, 2017)		1.18
"Glyburide has been used for managing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a number of countries. "( The use of glyburide in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.
Chen, Y; Jiang, L; Li, BY; Li, MJ; Mo, XL; Wang, SM; Zeng, YC, 2014)		2.23
"Glyburide has replaced insulin as the more common pharmacotherapy for GDM over the past decade among those privately insured. "( Trends in glyburide compared with insulin use for gestational diabetes treatment in the United States, 2000-2011.
Benjamin, DK; Boggess, K; Brookhart, MA; Camelo Castillo, W; Jonsson Funk, M; Stürmer, T, 2014)		2.25
"Glyburide and metformin have been shown to be as effective as insulin for the treatment of gestational diabetes."( Oral hypoglycemic agents in pregnancy.
Refuerzo, JS, 2011)		1.09
"Glyburide has a therapeutic effectiveness comparable to that of the first-generation sulfonylurea chlorpropamide; however, it has a lower frequency of adverse effects."( Glyburide: a second-generation sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent. History, chemistry, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, clinical use and adverse effects.
Feldman, JM, )		2.3

Actions

Glyburide (Gly) could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as could be treated with Type 2 diabetes as a common medication. Glyburide can produce an acute hepatitis-like illness in some persons.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Glyburide (Gly) could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome, as well as could be treated with Type 2 diabetes as a common medication. "( Glyburide attenuates B(a)p and LPS-induced inflammation-related lung tumorigenesis in mice.
Feng, F; Gao, M; Huang, L; Li, M; Liu, H; Shang, P; Shao, H; Wang, W; Zhang, P; Zhang, Q, 2021)		3.51
"Glyburide analogues inhibit ATP- but not hypothermia-induced IL-1beta secretion from human monocytes expressing familial cold-associated autoinflammatory syndrome-associated Cryopyrin mutations, thus suggesting that inhibition occurs upstream of Cryopyrin."( Glyburide inhibits the Cryopyrin/Nalp3 inflammasome.
Deshayes, K; Dixit, VM; Fedorova, A; Hoffman, HM; Lamkanfi, M; Lee, WP; Misaghi, S; Mueller, JL; Vitari, AC, 2009)		2.52
"Glyburide did not lower DPP-IV activity or glycosylated hemoglobin."( Reduced serum dipeptidyl peptidase-IV after metformin and pioglitazone treatments.
Croom, DK; Lenhard, JM; Minnick, DT, 2004)		1.04
"Glyburide did not increase basal or insulin-stimulated DNA synthesis."( Pioglitazone: in vitro effects on rat hepatoma cells and in vivo liver hypertrophy in KKAy mice.
Diani, A; Messina, JL; Murray, FT; Sangani, GA; Wachowski, MB; Weinstock, RS, 1997)		1.02
"Glyburide can produce an acute hepatitis-like illness in some persons."( Glyburide-induced hepatitis.
Dean, PJ; Goodman, RC; Kitabchi, AE; Radparvar, A, 1987)		2.44

Treatment

Glyburide or quercetin treatment significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis, associated with mitigated expression of the lipogenic markers in liver. Glyburide treatment of diabetes decreased CRP and did so even though body weight increased.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Both glyburide or quercetin treatment significantly attenuated hepatic steatosis, associated with mitigated expression of the lipogenic markers in liver."( Convergence of Fructose-Induced NLRP3 Activation with Oxidative Stress and ER Stress Leading to Hepatic Steatosis.
Ahmad, I; Ahmad, S; Gulzar, F; Guru, B; Kumar, P; Sharma, A; Singh, S; Tamrakar, AK, 2023)		1.37
"Glyburide treatment decreased the total cells in BALF, the inflammatory score, and the mean linear intercept induced by ozone in lung tissues."( Glyburide attenuates ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury by blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Ba, Y; Chen, X; Duan, S; Feng, F; Gao, M; Huang, L; Li, C; Liu, H; Shao, H; Wang, J; Wang, W; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Wu, W; Yang, Z; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R; Zhu, J; Zhu, Y, 2020)		2.72
"Glyburide treatment did not affect glucose levels but was associated with reduced pulmonary cellular influx, reduced bacterial dissemination to both liver and spleen and reduced IL1β production when compared to untreated controls."( Glyburide reduces bacterial dissemination in a mouse model of melioidosis.
Bast, A; Breitbach, K; de Jong, HK; Hoogendijk, AJ; Kager, LM; Koh, GC; Krause, K; Peacock, SJ; Steinmetz, I; van der Poll, T; Weehuizen, TA; Wiersinga, WJ, 2013)		2.55
"Glyburide treatment of diabetes decreased CRP and did so even though body weight increased."( Adiponectin and C-reactive protein in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and monodrug therapy.
Bar, RS; Goldner, WS; Haynes, WG; Putz, DM; Sivitz, WI, 2004)		1.04
"Glyburide treatment of diabetic rats for 4 weeks corrected the changes observed in diabetic heart."( The effects of the sulfonylurea glyburide on glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the heart tissue of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat.
Altan, N; Bilgihan, A; Buğdayci, G; Bukan, N; Kosova, F; Sancak, B, 2004)		1.33
"In glyburide/metformin-treated patients, mean A1C was 8.3% at baseline and 6.8% at week 104 (P < 0.0001 vs."( PRESERVE-beta: two-year efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with nateglinide or glyburide plus metformin.
Baron, MA; Gerich, J; Jean-Louis, L; Purkayastha, D; Raskin, P, 2005)		1.06
"Glyburide treatment (10-300 microM) had no effect on basal RR, which measured approximately 10% or 30% of the total cellular renin activity after 4 or 24 h, respectively."( Glyburide attenuates calmodulin antagonist-stimulated renin release from isolated mouse juxtaglomerular cells.
Jones, DA; Lawson, JA; Linseman, DA; Ludens, JH, 1995)		2.46
"3. Glyburide treatment of diabetic rats for 4 weeks corrected the changes on the glutathione levels observed in diabetic liver."( Effect of the sulfonylurea glyburide on glutathione and glutathione peroxidase activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rat hepatocytes.
Altan, N; Cayci, B; Elmali, E; Kiliç, N; Ongun, CO; Yavuz, O, 1994)		1.1
"3. Glyburide treatment alone for 3 weeks also reversed the changes in the gastro-intestinal beta-adrenergic responses of non-insulin-dependent diabetic rats."( The effects of glyburide and insulin on the decreased beta-adrenergic responsiveness of the gastrointestinal tract in rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Altan, VM; Oztürk, Y; Ozüari, A; Yildizoğlu-Ari, N, 1994)		1.16
"Glyburide treatment of diabetic rats for 4 weeks corrected the changes observed in diabetic liver."( Effect of the sulfonylurea glyburide on superoxide dismutase activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rat hepatocytes.
Altan, N; Engin, A; Hasanoğlu, E; Ongun, CO; Sindel, S; Tuncer, C, 1994)		1.31
"6. Glyburide treatment (5 mg/kg/day per os) for 3 weeks was able to improve the reduced responsiveness of rat atria due to non-insulin-dependent diabetes as well."( The effects of glyburide and insulin on the cardiac performance in rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Altan, VM; Ozçelkay, AT; Oztürk, Y; Ozüari, A; Yildizoğlu-Ari, N, 1993)		1.15
"When glyburide-treated islets were stimulated with glyburide or tolbutamide, insulin release was also impaired compared to that in control islets (P < 0.05)."( Glyburide and tolbutamide induce desensitization of insulin release in rat pancreatic islets by different mechanisms.
Buscema, M; Caltabiano, V; Forte, F; Purrello, F; Rabuazzo, AM; Vetri, M; Vigneri, R; Vinci, C, 1992)		2.18
"Treatment with glyburide led to significantly reduced relative pancreatic mass and water content and less pancreatic damage and cell death in genetically obese ob/ob mice with SAP compared with vehicle-treated obese SAP mice."( Inhibition of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich containing family, pyrin-domain containing 3 inflammasome reduces the severity of experimentally induced acute pancreatitis in obese mice.
Cabay, RJ; Castellanos, KJ; Fantuzzi, G; York, JM, 2014)		0.74
"Treatment with glyburide or insulin during pregnancy within 150 days before delivery."( Association of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes With Glyburide vs Insulin in Women With Gestational Diabetes.
Benjamin, DK; Boggess, K; Brookhart, MA; Camelo Castillo, W; Jonsson Funk, M; Stürmer, T, 2015)		1.03
"Treatment with glyburide is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with T2DM."( All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality following Treatment with Metformin or Glyburide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Esteghamati, A; Heidari, B; Larry, M; Mansournia, MA; Nakhjavani, M; Nargesi, AA; Rabizadeh, S; Raee, MR; Zarifkar, M, 2017)		1.04
"Treatment with glyburide, but not rosiglitazone, resulted in a significant deterioration in both resting and stress MBF."( Impact of rosiglitazone and glyburide on nitrosative stress and myocardial blood flow regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Bajirovic, V; Byun, J; Kellogg, A; Oral, E; Pennathur, S; Pop-Busui, R; Raffel, D; Stevens, MJ; Vivekanandan-Giri, A, 2009)		0.99
"Treatment with glyburide and metformin significantly decreased plasma glucose concentrations from 207 (76) to 134 (52) mg/dl (p<0.001)."( Improvement in coronary vascular dysfunction produced with euglycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Cadenas, J; Facta, AD; Hsueh, WA; Prior, JO; Quinones, MJ; Schelbert, HR; Schindler, TH, 2007)		0.68
"Treatment with glyburide significantly reduced aggregation in response to 10 microM of epinephrine and collagen at 750 microgram/ml."( Sulfonylureas and platelet function.
Jackson, WP; Jacobs, P; Kernoff, L; Klaff, LJ; Vinik, AI, 1981)		0.6
"Pretreatment with glyburide (an ATP-dependent K+ channel blocker) preserved ERP response to SNS (9 +/- 1% shortening of ERP vs."( Transient depression of responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation overlying a subendocardial infarct.
Cable, DG; Hingtgen, L; Horn, M; Lund, DD; Martins, JB; Rath, TE, 1993)		0.61
"Pretreatment with glyburide (10-500 nM) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the PCO relaxation time course."( Vascular pharmacology of ATP-sensitive K+ channels: interactions between glyburide and K+ channel openers.
Khan, SA; Martin, JL; Meisheri, KD, )		0.69
"Treatment with glyburide, pinacidil or hydralazine did not alter L-type calcium channels, assessed by [3H]PN 200 110 binding, in cardiac and brain membranes or small size Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels in brain assessed by [125I]apamin binding."( Regulation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels by chronic glyburide and pinacidil administration.
Gopalakrishnan, M; Triggle, DJ, 1992)		0.88
"Treatment with glyburide, 20 mg/d (plus insulin), compared with placebo (plus insulin) resulted in a significant reduction in mean basal glucose (232 +/- 12 vs 262 +/- 11 mg/dL [12.8 vs 14.4 mmol/L]) and hemoglobin A1C (10.2% +/- 0.5% vs 10.9% +/- 03%) concentrations."( Addition of sulfonylurea to insulin treatment in poorly controlled type II diabetes. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
Griego, G; Mitchell, WJ; Schade, DS, 1987)		0.61
"When treated with glyburide, the severity of the mechanical defect was significantly less."( Effect of chronic sulfonylurea treatment on the myocardium of insulin-dependent diabetic rats.
Mozaffari, MS; Schaffer, SW; Wilson, GL, 1988)		0.6

Toxicity

Glyburide has a therapeutic effectiveness comparable to that of the first-generation sulfonylurea chlorpropamide; it has a lower frequency of adverse effects. A recent human study has shown glyburide to minimally cross the placenta, allowing a safe new treatment for gestational diabetes.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In Sweden, the combined use of spontaneous adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting data and different registers has yielded much valuable information on safety problems with different drugs."( Regulatory decisions. Emphasis on safety issues.
Strandberg, K; Wiholm, BE, 1986)		0.27
" Glyburide has a therapeutic effectiveness comparable to that of the first-generation sulfonylurea chlorpropamide; however, it has a lower frequency of adverse effects."( Glyburide: a second-generation sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent. History, chemistry, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, clinical use and adverse effects.
Feldman, JM, )		2.48
" At the same time about 1/3 of these serious adverse drug reactions (ADR) was found to have been reported to the ADR-register."( Drug utilization and morbidity statistics for the evaluation of drug safety in Sweden.
Westerholm, B; Wiholm, BE, 1984)		0.27
" At the same time, about 1/3 of these serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) had been reported to the ADR register."( Drug utilization and morbidity statistics for the evaluation of drug safety in Sweden.
Westerholm, B; Wiholm, BE, 1984)		0.27
" In conclusion, the cardiovascular toxicity of MNX in dogs is not caused by a direct toxic effect of MNX on the heart but apparently is related to the exaggerated pharmacologic/profound hemodynamic effects it elicits in the dog."( The pharmacologic basis of the cardiovascular toxicity of minoxidil in the dog.
DuCharme, DW; Higgins, MJ; Mesfin, GM; Robinson, FG; Zhong, WZ, )		0.13
"Miglitol monotherapy is effective and safe in NIDDM patients."( The efficacy and safety of miglitol therapy compared with glibenclamide in patients with NIDDM inadequately controlled by diet alone.
Berlin, C; Feig, PU; Petzinna, D; Ratzmann, KP; Rybka, J; Schernthaner, G; Segal, P, 1997)		0.3
"A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the effects of metformin on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, and adverse events in an African-American population."( A retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of metformin in the African-American patient.
Anderson, D; Briscoe, TA; Cooper, GS; Usifo, OS, 1997)		0.3
" A recent human study has shown glyburide to minimally cross the placenta, allowing a safe new treatment for gestational diabetes."( Glyburide and fetal safety; transplacental pharmacokinetic considerations.
Koren, G, )		1.86
" Adverse events (AEs) were recorded and summarized by treatment group."( Glyburide/metformin combination product is safe and efficacious in patients with type 2 diabetes failing sulphonylurea therapy.
Blonde, L; Henry, D; Mooradian, AD; Piper, BA; Rosenstock, J, 2002)		1.76
" LD50 was found to be 1690 mg/kg."( Effect of potassium channel modulators on toxicity of Cleistanthus collinus.
Anand, KN; Ernest, K; Jeyaseelan, L; Jose, VM; Kuruvilla, A, 2004)		0.32
" Adverse events were carefully monitored during the study."( [Efficacy and safety of glimepiride plus metformin in a single presentation, as combined therapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and secondary failure to glibenclamide, as monotherapy].
González-Ortiz, M; Martínez-Abundis, E, )		0.13
" The frequency of adverse events was similar for all the groups."( [Efficacy and safety of glimepiride plus metformin in a single presentation, as combined therapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and secondary failure to glibenclamide, as monotherapy].
González-Ortiz, M; Martínez-Abundis, E, )		0.13
"The combined use of glimepiride plus metformin in a single presentation for 3 months showed to be efficacious and safe in patients with DM2 and secondary failure to glibenclamide."( [Efficacy and safety of glimepiride plus metformin in a single presentation, as combined therapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and secondary failure to glibenclamide, as monotherapy].
González-Ortiz, M; Martínez-Abundis, E, )		0.13
" In addition, the oral LD50 of the butanol extract in mice was 3820 mg/kg, while that of glibenclamide was 3160 mg/kg."( Antidiabetic activity and toxicity of Zizyphus spina-christi leaves.
Abdel-Hady, RH; Abdel-Zaher, AO; Assaf, MH; Salim, SY, 2005)		0.33
" Fasting and mean 7- and 8-point blood glucose profiles, blood lipid levels, plasminogen activator inhibitor levels, adverse events, and hypoglycemia frequency were also compared."( Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 30 combined with pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on glibenclamide (glyburide) monotherapy or combination therapy: an 18-week, randomized, open-label study.
Chow, CC; Filipczak, R; Joshi, P; Lertoft, B; Rastam, J; Raz, I; Shaban, J; Stranks, S, 2005)		0.53
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)		0.32
" Other adverse events, except increased cough in the INH group, were similar."( An open, randomized, parallel-group study to compare the efficacy and safety profile of inhaled human insulin (Exubera) with glibenclamide as adjunctive therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on metformin.
Barnett, AH; Dreyer, M; Lange, P; Serdarevic-Pehar, M, 2006)		0.33
" Withdrawal due to lack of efficacy or adverse events occurred more frequently with glyburide (20."( Long-term safety of pioglitazone versus glyburide in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Jain, R; Kupfer, S; Osei, K; Perez, AT; Zhang, J, 2006)		0.83
"With long-term treatment, both glyburide and pioglitazone resulted in comparable glycemic control; however, pioglitazone was associated with less hypoglycemia and fewer withdrawals due to lack of efficacy or adverse events."( Long-term safety of pioglitazone versus glyburide in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Jain, R; Kupfer, S; Osei, K; Perez, AT; Zhang, J, 2006)		0.89
" During combined treatment with olmesartan plus glibenclamide, no adverse event occurred, and the medications were well tolerated."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of olmesartan medoxomil in combination with glibenclamide in healthy volunteers.
Bolbrinker, J; Huber, M; Kreutz, R, 2006)		0.33
"Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 745 glyburideexposed pregnancies and 637 insulin-exposed pregnancies, with each adverse perinatal outcome reported by 4-7 studies."( Safety of glyburide for gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes.
Koren, G; Moretti, ME; Rezvani, M, 2008)		0.99
"OBJECTIVE To assess if tooth discoloration is a novel side effect of sulfonylurea therapy in patients with permanent neonatal diabetes due to mutations in KCNJ11."( Tooth discoloration in patients with neonatal diabetes after transfer onto glibenclamide: a previously unreported side effect.
Flanagan, SE; Greeley, SA; Hattersley, AT; Kumaraguru, J; Nuboer, R; Philipson, LH; Rubio-Cabezas, O; Støy, J, 2009)		0.35
" Over the years, adverse events associated with the consumption of natural health products for sexual enhancement and the treatment of erectile dysfunction have been reported."( Safety and quality assessment of 175 illegal sexual enhancement products seized in red-light districts in Singapore.
Bloodworth, BC; Ge, XW; Koh, HL; Lee, R; Li, L; Low, MY; Zeng, Y, 2009)		0.35
" In this review, our objectives were to (1) summarise the available evidence on the efficacy these medications, (2) review available data on adverse effect, (3) discuss current gaps in research, outlining limitations in current study designs that deserve attention and (4) summarise key points for the practicing clinician."( Oral hypoglycaemic agents during pregnancy: The evidence for effectiveness and safety.
Baptiste-Roberts, K; Nicholson, W, 2011)		0.37
" Adverse event frequency was similar in all treatment groups; reported hypoglycaemia event rates were 24."( Safety and efficacy of saxagliptin in combination with submaximal sulphonylurea versus up-titrated sulphonylurea over 76 weeks.
Chacra, AR; Chen, R; List, J; Ravichandran, S; Tan, GH, 2011)		0.37
" Adverse events for the US cohort were consistent with previously reported data from the 3 trials."( Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin combination therapy in US patients with type 2 diabetes.
Allen, E; Chen, R; Donovan, M; Fleming, D; Karyekar, C; Ravichandran, S, 2011)		0.37
"5 or 5 mg as add-on therapy to OADs results in improvement across key glycemic parameters compared with placebo add-on and was generally safe and well tolerated."( Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin combination therapy in US patients with type 2 diabetes.
Allen, E; Chen, R; Donovan, M; Fleming, D; Karyekar, C; Ravichandran, S, 2011)		0.37
" Its use is limited by a major side effect of cardiotoxicity."( Cardioprotective effects of nicorandil, a mitochondrial potassium channel opener against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
Abdel-Raheem, IT; Abouzied, MM; Taye, A, 2013)		0.39
" This study was designed to investigate the toxic effect of MET and GB in the Liver, kidney and testis of rats."( Evaluation of toxic effects of metformin hydrochloride and glibenclamide on some organs of male rats.
Adaramoye, O; Adesanoye, O; Akanni, O; Labo-Popoola, O; Olaremi, O, 2012)		0.38
" The reduction of prescribed sulfonylurea dose in DPP-4 patients following the safety alert coincided with a decrease of adverse event reports."( Effects of a sitagliptin safety alert on prescription behaviour for oral antihyperglycaemic drugs: a propensity score-matched cohort study of prescription receipt data in Japan.
Kimura, H; Masuda, S; Sato, D; Sato, Y, 2013)		0.39
" Safety was assessed by adverse events, hypoglycemia, and body weight."( Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease history or cardiovascular risk factors: results of a pooled analysis of phase 3 clinical trials.
Allen, E; Bryzinski, B; Cook, W; Frederich, R; Slater, J, 2013)		0.39
" Saxagliptin was well tolerated, with similar adverse event rates and types compared with placebo."( Saxagliptin efficacy and safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease history or cardiovascular risk factors: results of a pooled analysis of phase 3 clinical trials.
Allen, E; Bryzinski, B; Cook, W; Frederich, R; Slater, J, 2013)		0.39
" Other oral medications have not been shown to be safe in pregnancy."( Safety considerations with pharmacological treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Simmons, D, 2015)		0.42
" reticulata extract did not cause mortality or produce any remarkable haematological, biochemical and histopathological adverse effects in rats."( Antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and sub-chronic toxicity of Derris reticulata extract: its antidiabetic potential.
Chudapongse, N; Kumkrai, P; Weeranantanapan, O, 2015)		0.42
" The aim of this work was to evaluate antidiabetic activity in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the antioxidant effects of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone (DOAcK), as well as its toxic potential."( Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Burgueño-Tapia, E; Cornejo-Garrido, J; Domínguez-Mendoza, EA; Ordaz-Pichardo, C, 2016)		0.43
" Ten (23%) of 44 participants in the intravenous glyburide group and ten (26%) of 39 participants in the placebo group had cardiac events (p=0·76), and four of 20 had serious adverse events (two in the intravenous glyburide group and two in the placebo group, p=1·00)."( Safety and efficacy of intravenous glyburide on brain swelling after large hemispheric infarction (GAMES-RP): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial.
Beslow, LA; Del Zoppo, GJ; Elm, JJ; Hinson, H; Jacobson, S; Kimberly, WT; Molyneaux, BJ; Ostwaldt, AC; Sheth, KN; Simard, JM; Sze, GK, 2016)		0.97
" Compared to the high risk of TAK-875 induced liver toxicity, there was no significant adverse effects such as hepatic and renal toxicity were observed in the chronic toxicity studies of compound 20 even at the higher dose."( Discovery of phenylsulfonyl acetic acid derivatives with improved efficacy and safety as potent free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Dai, Y; Huang, W; Li, H; Li, Z; Liao, C; Liu, C; Pan, M; Qian, H; Qiu, Q; Shi, W; Su, X; Xu, X; Yang, J, 2017)		0.46
"However, glyburide is the optimumtreatment regarding the rate of glucose control, but withmore adverse outcomes."( Comparative efficacy and safety of oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin in treating gestational diabetes mellitus: An updated PRISMA-compliant network meta-analysis.
Liang, HL; Ma, SJ; Tan, HZ; Xiao, YN, 2017)		0.87
" In comparison to systemic application, metformin displayed the most adverse effects in vitro in nearly all analyses, interestingly at serum equivalent concentrations."( Side effects of frequently used oral antidiabetics on wound healing in vitro.
Bachmann, HS; Besser, M; Koester, V; Severing, AL; Stuermer, EK; Terberger, N, 2019)		0.51
"Chronic exposure to n-hexane, a widely used solvent in industry, causes sensorimotor neuropathy, which is mainly mediated by its toxic metabolite, 2,5-hexanedione (HD)."( Glibenclamide attenuates 2,5-hexanedione-induced neurotoxicity in the spinal cord of rats through mitigation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
Hou, L; Huang, R; Li, S; Wang, Q; Yang, J; Zhang, D; Zhao, J, 2020)		0.56
" Safety outcomes are all-cause 30-day mortality and early neurological deterioration, with a focus on cardiac- and glucose-related serious adverse events."( Safety and efficacy of glibenclamide combined with rtPA in acute cerebral ischemia with occlusion/stenosis of anterior circulation (SE-GRACE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Chen, P; Huang, K; Huang, W; Huang, Y; Ji, Z; Li, G; Pan, S; Weng, G; Wu, Y; Yang, G; Yang, Z; Zhou, S, 2020)		0.56
"Currently, whether nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation contributes to neuropathy induced by 2,5-Hexanedione (HD), the toxic metabolite of n-hexane, remains unknown."( NLRP3 inflammasome mediates 2,5-hexanedione-induced neurotoxicity through regulation of macrophage infiltration in rats.
Hou, L; Huang, R; Ruan, Z; Sun, W; Wang, Q; Zhang, D, 2020)		0.56
" We compared the effects of three SU medications and initial SU doses on adverse glycemic and cardiovascular events among NH residents."( Comparative safety of sulfonylureas among U.S. nursing home residents.
Berry, SD; Hayes, KN; Munshi, MN; Riester, MR; Zullo, AR, 2023)		0.91
"Unmetabolized human pharmaceuticals may enter aquatic environments, and potentially exert adverse effects on the survival of non-target organisms."( Exposure to low levels of antidiabetic glibenclamide had no evident adverse effects on intestinal microbial composition and metabolic profiles in amphibian larvae.
Chen, Y; Gao, JF; Liu, JH; Lu, HL; Meng, QY; Yang, JM, 2023)		0.91

Pharmacokinetics

All pharmacokinetic parameters assessed for glyburide were statistically comparable between the two age groups with the exception of a shorter time to peak concentration in the elderly at weeks 0 and 12. No significant pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamic interactions were observed between memantine and Glyburide/metformin.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Complex pharmacokinetic perturbations follow kidney failure."( [Pharmacokinetic perturbations in kidney failure. Anomalies of metabolites and tissue diffusion (author's transl)].
Balant, L; Blanchard, P; Fabre, J; Rudhardt, M, )		0.13
" The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of oral glibenclamide have been studied in 31 hospitalised in-patients and 79 ambulant out-patients with diabetes mellitus."( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of glibenclamide in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Coppack, SW; Lant, AF; McIntosh, CS; Rodgers, AV, 1990)		0.28
"This investigation was carried out to evaluate the in vitro dissolution as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of two tablet oral dosage forms of glibenclamide, Daonil (product A) and Glucomid (product B)."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two commercial products containing glibenclamide.
Abdel-Hamid, ME; el-Sayed, YM; Hasan, MM; Najib, NM; Sallam, ES; Shubair, MS; Suleiman, MS, 1989)		0.28
" It is concluded that there is no consistent pharmacokinetic interaction between glibenclamide and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in NIDDM patients."( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between glibenclamide and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.
Christenson, I; Emilsson, H; Gunnarsson, R; Ostman, J; Sjöberg, S; Thunberg, E; Wiholm, BE, )		0.13
" Both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors may contribute to these differences."( Comparison of pharmacokinetics, metabolic effects and mechanisms of action of glyburide and glipizide during long-term treatment.
Fyhrquist, F; Groop, L; Groop, PH; Melander, A; Saloranta, C; Stenman, S; Tötterman, KJ, )		0.36
"A system approach to the analysis of pharmacodynamic systems is applied to the relationship between the glyburide serum concentration (Cd) and a resulting pharmacologic effect response, that is, the C-peptide serum concentration (Cc) in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)."( A system approach to pharmacodynamics. II: Glyburide pharmacodynamics and estimation of optimal drug delivery.
Antal, EJ; Gillespie, WR; Phillips, JP; Veng-Pedersen, P, 1988)		0.75
" In addition, the pharmacokinetic properties, spectrum and severity of side effects and metabolism of this agent are somewhat different from those of first-generation sulfonylureas."( Glipizide: a second-generation sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent. Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical use.
Lebovitz, HE, )		0.13
" The biologic half-life of glyburide is not significantly correlated with renal function in subjects with creatinine clearances of 30 ml/minute/1."( Pharmacokinetics of glyburide.
Pearson, JG, 1985)		0.89
" For glucose, only Cmin values were found to be significantly lower following Euglucon."( Bioavailability and pharmacodynamics of a sustained-release glibenclamide product (Deroctyl) in comparison to a standard tablet formulation (Euglucon, Daonil).
Ayanoglu, G; Badian, M; Witte, PU, 1983)		0.27
" Values of Cmax and AUC of glyburide showed an equality of the two treatments by the analysis of variance."( The influence of orlistat on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in healthy volunteers.
Freundlich, NL; Guerciolini, R; Koss-Twardy, SG; Melia, AT; Milla, G; Min, B; Patel, IH; Zhi, J, 1995)		0.82
" Regression analysis between the pharmacokinetic variables and body weight status revealed statistically significant correlations between volume or clearance and body weight."( The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 12 weeks of glyburide therapy in obese diabetics.
Antal, EJ; Jaber, LA; Slaughter, RL; Welshman, IR, 1993)		0.53
"The aim of the study presented here was to determine possible pharmacokinetic interactions of moxonidine and glibenclamide at steady state in 18 healthy male volunteers."( Steady state investigation of possible pharmacokinetic interactions of moxonidine and glibenclamide.
Achtert, G; Dilger, C; Eden, G; Michaelis, K; Müller, M; Weber, W; Weimann, HJ, )		0.13
" Cmax for RG was 212 +/- 41 ng."( Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tablet of micronized glibenclamide in 4 Chinese healthy men.
Cui, HD; Guo, Y; Jiang, WD; Karras, HO; Zhu, XX, 1993)		0.29
" During 24-h pharmacokinetic determinations at weeks 0, 6, and 12, serial blood samples were obtained for glyburide determination with HPLC."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in young and elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Antal, EJ; Jaber, LA; Welshman, IR, 1996)		0.77
"All pharmacokinetic parameters assessed for glyburide were statistically comparable between the two age groups with the exception of a shorter time to peak concentration in the elderly at weeks 0 and 12."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in young and elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Antal, EJ; Jaber, LA; Welshman, IR, 1996)		0.82
" Observed pharmacodynamic differences indicate the necessity for dosage titration to a specified therapeutic response regardless of patient age."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in young and elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Antal, EJ; Jaber, LA; Welshman, IR, 1996)		0.56
" Ibuprofen administration resulted in a slight increase in mean glyburide free fraction, but no significant changes in glyburide pharmacokinetic parameters were observed."( Effects of aspirin and ibuprofen on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in healthy subjects.
Antal, EJ; Juhl, RP; Kubacka, RT; Welshman, IR, 1996)		0.76
" In conclusion, isolated mesenteric arteries from obese Zucker rats do not show relevant structural changes, and the pharmacodynamic behaviour of such vessels appears to be the same as that of control preparations."( Pharmacodynamic behaviour of isolated resistance vessels obtained from hypertensive-diabetic rats.
Kam, KL; Pfaffendorf, M; van Zwieten, PA, 1996)		0.29
" An effect compartment was linked to appropriate pharmacokinetic models and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling was used to fit the pharmacokinetics of Gb by both routes and the metabolites for each individual."( Concentration-effect relations of glibenclamide and its active metabolites in man: modelling of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Jönsson, A; Karlsson, MO; Melander, A; Rydberg, T, 1997)		0.3
" Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed with noncompartmental techniques."( The influence of bromfenac on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic responses to glyburide in diabetic subjects.
Boni, JP; Cevallos, WH; DeCleene, S; Korth-Bradley, JM, )		0.36
"The aim of this series of studies was to determine the potential for pharmacokinetic interaction between candesartan (administered orally as the prodrug candesartan cilexetil) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), nifedipine, glibenclamide, warfarin, digoxin or the components of an oral contraceptive formulation."( Pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies with candesartan cilexetil.
Högemann, A; Jonkman, JH; Lins, R; Sennewald, R; van Heiningen, PN; van Lier, JJ, 1997)		0.3
" Blood samples were taken to determine the pharmacokinetic characteristics of glibenclamide and the test/reference ratios were evaluated according to bioequivalence criteria."( Concomitant administration of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor voglibose (AO-128) does not alter the pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide.
Ehrlich, A; Fuder, H; Kleist, P; Lücker, PW; Suzuki, Y; Timmer, W; Wetzelsberger, N, 1997)		0.3
"Voglibose did not interact with glibenclamide on a pharmacokinetic level."( Concomitant administration of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor voglibose (AO-128) does not alter the pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide.
Ehrlich, A; Fuder, H; Kleist, P; Lücker, PW; Suzuki, Y; Timmer, W; Wetzelsberger, N, 1997)		0.3
" We have demonstrated Gb to have a terminal elimination half-life of 15 h, and the main metabolites have a hypoglycaemic effect."( Pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide and its metabolites in diabetic patients with impaired renal function.
Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T; Sterner, G, 1998)		0.3
" AUC and Cmax of Gb were lower and the clearance to bioavailability ratio (CL/f) was higher in the IRF group."( Pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide and its metabolites in diabetic patients with impaired renal function.
Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T; Sterner, G, 1998)		0.3
"The differences in AUC, Cmax and CL/f of Gb may be explained by a higher free fraction in the IRF group which would increase Gb metabolic clearance."( Pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide and its metabolites in diabetic patients with impaired renal function.
Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T; Sterner, G, 1998)		0.3
" The half-life of gliclazide was higher than that of the other three hypoglycemic agents in middle-aged subjects and was the sole to be significantly increased in aged subjects."( Pharmacokinetics of gliquidone, glibenclamide, gliclazide and glipizide in middle-aged and aged subjects.
Courtois, P; Herbaut, C; Malaisse, WJ; Sener, A; Turc, A, 1999)		0.3
" Important interethnic pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic differences have been reported for several drugs."( Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of intravenous glibenclamide in Caucasian and Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes.
Chan, JC; Cockram, CS; Critchley, JA; Hallengren, B; Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T; Vaaler, S, 2000)		0.31
" Pharmacodynamic results were calculated using net areas under the curves, with basal values set as zero."( Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of intravenous glibenclamide in Caucasian and Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes.
Chan, JC; Cockram, CS; Critchley, JA; Hallengren, B; Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T; Vaaler, S, 2000)		0.31
" There were no interethnic differences in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters."( Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of intravenous glibenclamide in Caucasian and Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes.
Chan, JC; Cockram, CS; Critchley, JA; Hallengren, B; Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T; Vaaler, S, 2000)		0.31
" In conclusion, minor pharmacodynamic but no pharmacokinetic differences were found between the two groups."( Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of intravenous glibenclamide in Caucasian and Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes.
Chan, JC; Cockram, CS; Critchley, JA; Hallengren, B; Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T; Vaaler, S, 2000)		0.31
" Glucodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined over 6 h after insulin injection using clamp techniques."( Intramuscular injection of insulin lispro or soluble human insulin: pharmacokinetics and glucodynamics in Type 2 diabetes.
Bates, P; Kaliterna, D; Metelko, Z; Milicevic, Z; Profozic, V; Ristic, S; Seger, M; Woodworth, JR; Wyatt, J, 2001)		0.31
" This study was conducted to investigate a possible pharmacokinetic interaction between bosentan and glyburide."( In vivo and in vitro studies exploring the pharmacokinetic interaction between bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, and glyburide.
Bodin, F; Clozel, M; Dingemanse, J; Treiber, A; van Giersbergen, PL, 2002)		0.73
" The observed pharmacodynamic interaction between bosentan and glyburide in patients with chronic heart failure cannot be explained by a pharmacokinetic interaction."( In vivo and in vitro studies exploring the pharmacokinetic interaction between bosentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist, and glyburide.
Bodin, F; Clozel, M; Dingemanse, J; Treiber, A; van Giersbergen, PL, 2002)		0.76
"We conducted CYP2C9 genotyping for 29 healthy volunteers who had participated in our previous pharmacokinetic studies on glyburide or glimepiride."( Glyburide and glimepiride pharmacokinetics in subjects with different CYP2C9 genotypes.
Cascorbi, I; Kivistö, KT; Kroemer, HK; Neuvonen, PJ; Niemi, M; Timm, R, 2002)		1.97
" Patients consumed standardised meals on the days when pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations were performed."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide/metformin tablets (Glucovance) versus equivalent doses of glyburide and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Donahue, SR; Patel, S; Turner, KC, 2002)		0.58
" The mean glibenclamide peak concentration (C(max)) was significantly greater (approximately 16%) after glibenclamide/metformin treatment on both days 1 and 14."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide/metformin tablets (Glucovance) versus equivalent doses of glyburide and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Donahue, SR; Patel, S; Turner, KC, 2002)		0.58
" The patches were subjected to skin irritation test (by both visual observation and histopathological evaluation), oral glucose tolerance test and pharmacokinetic evaluation in mice."( Glibenclamide transdermal patches: physicochemical, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic evaluations.
Mutalik, S; Udupa, N, 2004)		0.32
" Given the renal tubular transport and extensive urinary excretion of memantine and metformin, it was of interest to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction with glyburide/metformin."( Investigation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between memantine and glyburide/metformin in healthy young subjects: a single-center, multiple-dose, open-label study.
Abramowitz, W; Chou, T; Rao, N; Ventura, D, 2005)		0.74
"The primary goal of this study was to determine whether an in vivo pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction exists between memantine (an uncompetitive, moderate-affinity, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist with fast blocking/unblocking kinetics that is available in the United States for moderate to severe AD) and glyburide/metformin (a combination pharmacotherapy formulation approved for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus)."( Investigation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between memantine and glyburide/metformin in healthy young subjects: a single-center, multiple-dose, open-label study.
Abramowitz, W; Chou, T; Rao, N; Ventura, D, 2005)		0.72
" Assessments included determination of pharmacokinetic parameters for memantine and the antidiabetic agents when administered alone and in combination, pharmacodynamic measurements of blood glucose levels, and analyses of tolerability."( Investigation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between memantine and glyburide/metformin in healthy young subjects: a single-center, multiple-dose, open-label study.
Abramowitz, W; Chou, T; Rao, N; Ventura, D, 2005)		0.55
" No significant pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interactions were observed between memantine and glyburide/metformin."( Investigation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between memantine and glyburide/metformin in healthy young subjects: a single-center, multiple-dose, open-label study.
Abramowitz, W; Chou, T; Rao, N; Ventura, D, 2005)		0.76
"No pharmacokinetic interactions between memantine and glyburide/metformin were detected in this study of healthy young volunteers."( Investigation of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between memantine and glyburide/metformin in healthy young subjects: a single-center, multiple-dose, open-label study.
Abramowitz, W; Chou, T; Rao, N; Ventura, D, 2005)		0.8
"CYP2C9 * 3 greatly affects both the pharmacokinetic profiles of glibenclamide and lornoxicam."( [Impact of cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 variant allele CYP2C9 * 3 on the pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide and lornoxicam in Chinese subjects].
Chen, XY; Guo, YJ; Si, DY; Zhang, YF; Zhong, DF; Zhou, H, 2005)		0.33
"To investigate the pharmacokinetic interactions, safety, and tolerability of the combination of olmesartan medoxomil with glibenclamide."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of olmesartan medoxomil in combination with glibenclamide in healthy volunteers.
Bolbrinker, J; Huber, M; Kreutz, R, 2006)		0.33
"With the exception of a slight shift of tmax values for glibenclamide, the concomitant administration of olmesartan medoxomil with glibenclamide had no significant effects on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of either agent."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of olmesartan medoxomil in combination with glibenclamide in healthy volunteers.
Bolbrinker, J; Huber, M; Kreutz, R, 2006)		0.33
"To compare the performance of the standard lag time model (LAG model) with the performance of an analytical solution of the transit compartment model (TRANSIT model) in the evaluation of four pharmacokinetic studies with four different compounds."( Implementation of a transit compartment model for describing drug absorption in pharmacokinetic studies.
Jonker, DM; Karlsson, MO; Kerbusch, T; Savic, RM, 2007)		0.34
"The population pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using NONMEM on concentration-time data of glibenclamide, furosemide, amiloride, and moxonidine."( Implementation of a transit compartment model for describing drug absorption in pharmacokinetic studies.
Jonker, DM; Karlsson, MO; Kerbusch, T; Savic, RM, 2007)		0.34
" The parameter estimates related to the absorption differed between the two models while the estimates of the pharmacokinetic disposition parameters were similar."( Implementation of a transit compartment model for describing drug absorption in pharmacokinetic studies.
Jonker, DM; Karlsson, MO; Kerbusch, T; Savic, RM, 2007)		0.34
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)		0.35
" Meanwhile, in co-treated group, elimination rate constant (Ke) of glibenclamide was reduced while peak plasma concentration (C(max)), area under the plasma concentration vs time curve (AUC(0-14 h)) and elimination half-life (T(1/2Ke)) were increased significantly vs glibenclamide alone administered rats."( Effects of 18alpha-glycyrrhizin on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Ao, Y; Chen, J; Peng, RX; Yue, J, 2008)		0.35
" Two studies were performed to determine the potential for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between vildagliptin and the sulfonylurea, glyburide, or pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes."( Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin, glyburide and pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Balez, S; Bullock, J; Dole, WP; He, YL; Jarugula, V; Ligueros-Saylan, M; Riviere, GJ; Schwartz, S; Serra, D; Wang, Y, 2008)		0.75
" Changes in AUC and Cmax during combination treatment were small ( pound 15%), and 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios (drug coadministration/monotherapy) were generally contained within the acceptance range for bioequivalence (0."( Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin, glyburide and pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Balez, S; Bullock, J; Dole, WP; He, YL; Jarugula, V; Ligueros-Saylan, M; Riviere, GJ; Schwartz, S; Serra, D; Wang, Y, 2008)		0.55
" The purpose of this work was to examine in the rat if such interaction involves pharmacokinetic mechanisms or is solely limited to the pharmacodynamic level."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diclofenac in the presence and absence of glibenclamide in the rat.
Castañeda-Hernández, G; León-Reyes, MR; Ortiz, MI, 2008)		0.35
" To evaluate the possibility of a pharmacokinetic interaction, the oral bioavailability of diclofenac (18 mg/kg) was studied in presence and the absence of glibenclamide (10 mg/kg)."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diclofenac in the presence and absence of glibenclamide in the rat.
Castañeda-Hernández, G; León-Reyes, MR; Ortiz, MI, 2008)		0.35
" Notwithstanding, the interaction does no appear to involve pharmacokinetic mechanisms, as oral glibenclamide failed to produce any significant alteration in oral diclofenac bioavailability."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diclofenac in the presence and absence of glibenclamide in the rat.
Castañeda-Hernández, G; León-Reyes, MR; Ortiz, MI, 2008)		0.35
" This interaction, however, appears due solely to a pharmacodynamic mechanisms as diclofenac pharmacokinetics are not altered."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diclofenac in the presence and absence of glibenclamide in the rat.
Castañeda-Hernández, G; León-Reyes, MR; Ortiz, MI, 2008)		0.35
" Potential pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-drug interactions of alogliptin with pioglitazone or glyburide were evaluated in healthy adults."( Coadministration of pioglitazone or glyburide and alogliptin: pharmacokinetic drug interaction assessment in healthy participants.
Fleck, P; Karim, A; Laurent, A; Mekki, Q; Munsaka, M; Wann, E, 2009)		0.85
" However, by means of pharmacokinetic modeling we describe the inverse correlation between lipid solubility of a molecule and its active transport by placental ABC efflux transporters."( Transplacental pharmacokinetics of glyburide, rhodamine 123, and BODIPY FL prazosin: effect of drug efflux transporters and lipid solubility.
Ceckova, M; Cygalova, LH; Hofman, J; Staud, F, 2009)		0.63
" Therefore, in view of the vast clinical uses and interactions of NSAIDs with commonly used therapeutic agents, the interaction of the NSAID diclofenac and glibenclamide was investigated about pharmacokinetic profile and antinociceptive effect in rats."( Pharmacokinetic of diclofenac in the presence and absence of glibenclamide in the rat.
Castañeda-Hernández, G; León-Reyes, MR; Ortiz, MI, 2009)		0.35
" In pharmacokinetic interaction study, no significant (P>0."( Pharmacokinetic of diclofenac in the presence and absence of glibenclamide in the rat.
Castañeda-Hernández, G; León-Reyes, MR; Ortiz, MI, 2009)		0.35
" Likewise, the validated assay had sufficient accuracy and precision for pharmacokinetic determination of diclofenac in the rat."( Pharmacokinetic of diclofenac in the presence and absence of glibenclamide in the rat.
Castañeda-Hernández, G; León-Reyes, MR; Ortiz, MI, 2009)		0.35
" The half-life of GLB depletion in hepatic S-9 fractions of pregnant mice was significantly shorter than that of nonpregnant mice."( Increased glyburide clearance in the pregnant mouse model.
Hebert, MF; Mao, Q; Unadkat, JD; Zhang, Y; Zhou, L, 2010)		0.76
" However, this was not seen as clinically relevant due to the absence of a reliable dose-response relationship and the known large pharmacokinetic interindividual variability of glyburide."( Assessment of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the novel DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin and a sulfonylurea, glyburide, in healthy subjects.
Graefe-Mody, U; Iovino, M; Ring, A; Rose, P; Woerle, HJ; Zander, K, 2011)		0.77
" In co-treated group, the pharmacokinetic parameters like clearance (27."( Influence of atorvastatin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in normal and diabetic rats.
Gade, J; Neerati, P, 2011)		0.6
"To evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions of the potent, selective, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, saxagliptin, in combination with metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone."( Saxagliptin, a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of three oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone) in healthy subjects.
Boulton, DW; Brenner, E; Handschuh del Corral, M; Komoroski, B; Kornhauser, D; Li, L; Patel, CG; Vachharajani, N, 2011)		0.77
" LC-MS/MS was utilized to determine the concentration of glibenclamide in rat plasma and to calculate the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters."( Effects of HuangKui capsules on glibenclamide pharmacokinetics in rats.
Gao, X; Ju, W; Liu, S; Liu, Z; Tan, H; Yang, C; Zhou, L, 2012)		0.38
" The novel compound linagliptin has important different pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, when compared with previously commercialized DPP-4 inhibitors, which may offer some advantages in clinical practice."( Linagliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (pharmacokinetic evaluation).
Scheen, AJ, 2011)		0.37
" In contrast, there were no significant differences in any of the pharmacokinetic parameters for warfarin between the two genotypes."( Pharmacogenomic/pharmacokinetic assessment of a four-probe cocktail for CYPs and OATPs following oral microdosing.
Ando, Y; Deguchi, M; Fukae, M; Hirota, T; Ieiri, I; Irie, S; Iwasaki, K; Kanda, E; Kimura, M; Maeda, K; Matsuguma, K; Matsuki, S; Nakamura, T; Sugiyama, Y, 2012)		0.38
"The present study suggests that 1) the sampling strategy should be optimized according to pharmacokinetic profiles of the test drugs following oral microdosing, and 2) microdosing can be applied to the pharmacogenomic study of CYP-specific drugs."( Pharmacogenomic/pharmacokinetic assessment of a four-probe cocktail for CYPs and OATPs following oral microdosing.
Ando, Y; Deguchi, M; Fukae, M; Hirota, T; Ieiri, I; Irie, S; Iwasaki, K; Kanda, E; Kimura, M; Maeda, K; Matsuguma, K; Matsuki, S; Nakamura, T; Sugiyama, Y, 2012)		0.38
" An ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine the concentrations of glibenclamide and puerarin in rat plasma for the study of pharmacokinetic interaction between them."( Determination of glibenclamide and puerarin in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS: application to their pharmacokinetic interaction study.
Deng, Y; Li, F; Li, N; Qiao, Y; Wang, D, 2013)		0.39
"We studied if the clinical pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of the sulfonylurea-derivative glibenclamide can be simulated via a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling approach."( Semi-mechanistic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of clinical glibenclamide pharmacokinetics and drug-drug-interactions.
Benne, MS; Greupink, R; Huisman, MT; Russel, FG; Schreurs, M, 2013)		0.39
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by model-independent methods."( An open-label drug-drug interaction study of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and glyburide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Curtin, CR; Ford, L; Heald, DL; Manitpisitkul, P; Shalayda, K; Wang, SS, 2013)		0.61
"The study was aimed to evaluate various pharmacokinetic parameters of a commercially available fixed dose combination of oral antidiabetics (Metformin/Glibenclamide 500/5mg tablets) in plasma sample of normal healthy adult male volunteers by applying an accurate, selective, and reproducible HPLC-UV analytical method for quantification of Metformin HCL and Glibenclamide simultaneously in a single chromatographic run."( Pharmacokinetic studies of metformin and glibenclamide in normal human volunteers.
Ahmad, M; Hassan, IJ; Malik, MZ; Minhas, MU; Rashid, A, 2014)		0.4
"The purpose of this study is to characterize the involvement of hepato-biliary transport and cytochrome-P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism in the disposition of glyburide and predict its pharmacokinetic variability due to drug interactions and genetic variations."( Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic modeling to evaluate transporter-enzyme interplay in drug interactions and pharmacogenetics of glyburide.
Bi, YA; Goosen, TC; Lin, J; Rotter, CJ; Scialis, RJ; Varma, MV; Yang, X, 2014)		0.81
" Niosomal gels were prepared by incorporating the optimized niosomes into a gel base containing Carbopol 934 and evaluated for viscosity, in-vitro diffusion and in-vivo pharmacodynamic activity."( Formulation and pharmacodynamic evaluation of glibenclamide incorporated niosomal gel.
Gutta, TC; Satyanarayana, RP; Vadlamudi, HC; Vandana, K; Vulava, J; Yalavarthi, PR, 2014)		0.4
"The niosomal gel of glibenclamide had released the drug in well controlled manner which is supported by pharmacodynamic activity with evidence of consistent lowering of blood glucose levels."( Formulation and pharmacodynamic evaluation of glibenclamide incorporated niosomal gel.
Gutta, TC; Satyanarayana, RP; Vadlamudi, HC; Vandana, K; Vulava, J; Yalavarthi, PR, 2014)		0.4
"Glibenclamide and thymoquinone plasma concentrations were analysed using a sensitive RP-HPLC method, and non-compartmental model pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated."( Effects of Thymoquinone on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Glibenclamide in a Rat Model.
Ahmad, A; Al-Jenoobi, FI; Al-Mohizea, AM; Alkharfy, KM; Khan, RM; Raish, M, 2015)		0.42
"01) all the pharmacokinetic parameters, such as Cmax, AUC0-n, AUCtotal, t1/2, and mean residence time, and decreased the clearance, Vd, markedly as compared with the control group."( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Boswellic Acids and Andrographolide with Glyburide in Diabetic Rats: Including Its PK/PD Modeling.
Samala, S; Veeresham, C, 2016)		0.65
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed at prespecified intervals."( Effect of canagliflozin on the pharmacokinetics of glyburide, metformin, and simvastatin in healthy participants.
Devineni, D; Mamidi, RN; Manitpisitkul, P; Murphy, J; Skee, D; Stieltjes, H; Tian, H; Usiskin, K; Vandebosch, A; Verhaeghe, T; Wajs, E; Wang, SS, )		0.38
" This clinical pharmacology study was designed to investigate the potential glucose-lowering effect or pharmacodynamic (PD), pharmacokinetic (PK), and safety/tolerability interactions between piragliatin and glyburide in T2D patients already taking glyburide but not adequately controlled."( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interaction Study of Piragliatin, a Glucokinase Activator, and Glyburide, a Sulfonylurea, in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Georgy, A; Liang, Z; Zhai, S; Zhi, J, 2016)		0.84
" We studied the mechanisms involved in the disposition of glyburide and its pharmacologically active hydroxy metabolites M1 and M2b and evaluated their clinical pharmacokinetics and the potential role in glyburide-induced cholestasis employing physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling."( Transporter-Mediated Disposition, Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Cholestatic Potential of Glyburide and Its Primary Active Metabolites.
Bi, YA; Li, R; Lin, J; Marroquin, LD; Mathialagan, S; Scialis, RJ; Varma, MVS; Vildhede, A; Yang, X, 2017)		0.92
" This study aims to investigate the implications of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol enantiomers using an integrated population pharmacokinetic modelling approach."( Population pharmacokinetics of carvedilol enantiomers and their metabolites in healthy subjects and type-2 diabetes patients.
Coelho, EB; Della Pasqua, O; Lanchote, VL; Nardotto, GHB, 2017)		0.46
" TCE was co- administered in three different groups (0, 100 and 400 mg/kg) with Glibenclamide at 1 mg/kg dose to observe the alteration in pharmacokinetic parameters of Glibenclamide."( Effect of Tinospora cordifolia aqua-alcoholic extract on pharmacokinetic of Glibenclamide in rat: An herb-drug interaction study.
Ahmed, T; Punde, R; Sahu, R; Sangana, R; Subudhi, BB, 2018)		0.48
" In addition, the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies in New Zealand rabbits were performed using the optimized mini-tablet formulation."( Glibenclamide Mini-tablets with an Enhanced Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Performance.
Abdellatif, AAH; El Hamd, MA; Roberts, M; Tawfeek, HM; Younis, MA, 2018)		0.48
" The previously reported compound 2 is a highly potent FFA1 agonist, but it might be suffered from poor pharmacokinetic properties because the phenylpropanoic acid is vulnerable to β-oxidation."( Design, synthesis and biological activity of deuterium-based FFA1 agonists with improved pharmacokinetic profiles.
Chen, H; Deng, F; Deng, L; Li, Y; Li, Z; Liao, R; Liu, B; Zeng, X; Zhang, L, 2019)		0.51
" This study evaluates the anti-diabetic effect of cumin and glyburide in the streptozotocin induced diabetes model in rats, and investigates their pharmacodynamic interactions and its implication in diabetes."( Pharmacodynamic interaction of cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum L.) with glyburide in diabetes.
Invally, M; Kaur, G; Tharappel, LJP; Upadhyay, N, 2019)		0.99
" We previously constructed a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of rifampicin accounting for the components for the induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A/CYP2C9 and the inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B (OATP1B)."( Expanded Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Rifampicin for Predicting Interactions With Drugs and an Endogenous Biomarker via Complex Mechanisms Including Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B Induction.
Asaumi, R; Imawaka, H; Kusuhara, H; Lee, W; Menzel, K; Nunoya, KI; Sugiyama, Y, 2019)		0.51
" Data are limited regarding the pharmacodynamic effects of metformin and glyburide during pregnancy."( Pharmacodynamics of Glyburide, Metformin, and Glyburide/Metformin Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Ahmed, MS; Brown, LM; Brown, Z; Caritis, S; Clark, S; Easterling, TR; Flood Nichols, SK; Haas, DM; Haneline, LS; Hebert, MF; Ma, X; Manuck, TA; Quinney, SK; Ren, Z; Shen, DD; Shireman, LM; Shuster, DL; Thummel, KE; Tita, AT; Venkataramanan, R, 2020)		1.11
"This study is conducted to compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of two fixed dose combination of metformin/glibenclamide tablets (500mg/5 mg per tablet)."( Bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic comparison of two fixed dose combination of Metformin/ Glibenclamide formulations in healthy subjects under fed condition.
Ang, JY; Chang, CT; Chin, SK; Lim, AB; Tan, SS; Tan, WH; Wong, JM; Yuen, KH, 2020)		0.56
" In silico analysis of the pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties of the compound was also performed."( Myrianthus libericus: Possible mechanisms of hypoglycaemic action and in silico prediction of pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile of its bioactive metabolite, friedelan-3-one.
Adongo, DW; Amponsah, IK; Baah, MK; Ben, IO; Fleischer, TC; Harley, BK; Mensah, AY; Mireku-Gyimah, NA, 2021)		0.62
" Here, we seek to identify pharmacodynamic markers of edema that are modified by intravenous (i."( Hypoxanthine is a pharmacodynamic marker of ischemic brain edema modified by glibenclamide.
Acharjee, A; Ament, Z; Hinson, HE; Irvine, HJ; Kimberly, WT; Molyneaux, BJ; Sheth, KN; Simard, JM; Wolcott, Z, 2022)		0.72
" Blood samples were collected from 24 blood collection sites per cycle for pharmacokinetic analysis until 36 hours after oral administration."( Pharmacokinetic and Bioequivalence Studies of 2 Metformin Glibenclamide Tablets in Healthy Chinese Subjects Under Fasting and Fed Conditions.
Chen, L; Huang, J; Huang, X; Li, X, 2023)		0.91

Compound-Compound Interactions

Study 2 was a 104-week, multicentre, randomized, double blind and active-controlled study of nateglinide (120 mg, before meals) or glyburide (up to 5 mg bid) in combination with metformin. Study 2 involved 69 treatment-naïve patients with T2DM aged >or=65 years.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To compare the effect of morning and bedtime NPH insulin combined with daytime sulfonylurea on glycemic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients no longer responding to treatment with sulfonylureas alone."( Morning or bedtime NPH insulin combined with sulfonylurea in treatment of NIDDM.
Ekstrand, A; Eriksson, JG; Franssila-Kallunki, A; Groop, LC; Saloranta, C; Schalin-Jäntti, C; Widén, E, 1992)		0.28
"Morning and bedtime NPH insulin combined with glibenclamide are equipotent in the treatment of NIDDM patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea."( Morning or bedtime NPH insulin combined with sulfonylurea in treatment of NIDDM.
Ekstrand, A; Eriksson, JG; Franssila-Kallunki, A; Groop, LC; Saloranta, C; Schalin-Jäntti, C; Widén, E, 1992)		0.28
"To compare the effect of bedtime NPH insulin or preprandial regular insulin combined with glibenclamide on metabolic control in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea therapy."( Comparison of bedtime NPH or preprandial regular insulin combined with glibenclamide in secondary sulfonylurea failure.
Adamson, U; Arner, P; Bolinder, J; Landstedt-Hallin, L; Lins, PE, 1995)		0.29
"Eighty NIDDM patients were randomized to treatment with either three preprandial doses of regular insulin (daytime group D) or a bedtime dose of NPH insulin (nocturnal insulinization, group N), both regimens being combined with 10."( Comparison of bedtime NPH or preprandial regular insulin combined with glibenclamide in secondary sulfonylurea failure.
Adamson, U; Arner, P; Bolinder, J; Landstedt-Hallin, L; Lins, PE, 1995)		0.29
" Candesartan cilexetil was well tolerated both alone and in combination with the other agents."( Pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies with candesartan cilexetil.
Högemann, A; Jonkman, JH; Lins, R; Sennewald, R; van Heiningen, PN; van Lier, JJ, 1997)		0.3
"Glibenclamide in combination with Kelening in the treatment of NIDDM is more effective and less toxic, and the combination may reduce the dosage of glibenclamide in NIDDM."( [Clinical study of glibenclamide in combination with kelening treatment in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus].
Zhou, P, 1997)		0.3
"To compare the effects of bedtime NPH Insulin vs Metformin combined with Glibenclamide in patients who are obese and had secondary failure to sulphonylurea treatment."( Comparison of bedtime NPH insulin or metformin combined with glibenclamide in secondary sulphonylurea failure in obese type II (NIDDM) patients.
Muzaffar, Z; Niazi, R, 1998)		0.3
"Many hospital admissions of elderly patients for drug toxicity occur after administration of a drug known to cause drug-drug interactions."( Drug-drug interactions among elderly patients hospitalized for drug toxicity.
Juurlink, DN; Kopp, A; Laupacis, A; Mamdani, M; Redelmeier, DA, 2003)		0.32
" Data have been lacking on their use in combination with both sulfonylurea and metformin among patients of type 2 diabetes who are on insulin therapy secondary to failure of routine oral hypoglycemic drugs in controlling their diabetes."( Beneficial effects of triple drug combination of pioglitazone with glibenclamide and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy.
Chandalia, HB; Fafadia, A; Joshi, SR; Panikar, V; Santvana, C, 2003)		0.32
"To determine the effects of pioglitazone in combination with sulphonylurea and metformin on diabetes control in patients being treated with insulin due to secondary failure of oral hypoglycemic agents."( Beneficial effects of triple drug combination of pioglitazone with glibenclamide and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy.
Chandalia, HB; Fafadia, A; Joshi, SR; Panikar, V; Santvana, C, 2003)		0.32
" They were switched on to triple drug combination of glibenclamide 5 mg, metformin 500 mg and pioglitazone 15 mg along with insulin."( Beneficial effects of triple drug combination of pioglitazone with glibenclamide and metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on insulin therapy.
Chandalia, HB; Fafadia, A; Joshi, SR; Panikar, V; Santvana, C, 2003)		0.32
"7 ng h/ml in combination with glibenclamide; the corresponding Css,max values were 479."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of olmesartan medoxomil in combination with glibenclamide in healthy volunteers.
Bolbrinker, J; Huber, M; Kreutz, R, 2006)		0.33
"Metformin is widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes, either as monotherapy or in combination with other oral antihyperglycemic agents such as sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones."( Comparison of extended-release metformin in combination with a sulfonylurea (glyburide) to sulfonylurea monotherapy in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled, phase III study.
Lewin, A; Lipetz, R; Schwartz, S; Wu, J, 2007)		0.57
"The purpose for this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of extended-release metformin (MER) administered with a sulfonylurea (glyburide) to sulfonylurea monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes."( Comparison of extended-release metformin in combination with a sulfonylurea (glyburide) to sulfonylurea monotherapy in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled, phase III study.
Lewin, A; Lipetz, R; Schwartz, S; Wu, J, 2007)		0.77
"The aim of this work was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of nateglinide alone or in combination with metformin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM)."( Nateglinide, alone or in combination with metformin, is effective and well tolerated in treatment-naïve elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
Baron, MA; Gerich, JE; Jean-Louis, L; Marcellari, A; Purkayastha, D; Schwarz, SL, 2008)		0.35
" Study 2 was a 104-week, multicentre, randomized, double blind and active-controlled study of nateglinide (120 mg, before meals) or glyburide (up to 5 mg bid) in combination with metformin (up to 1000 mg bid) in 69 treatment-naïve patients with T2DM aged >or=65 years."( Nateglinide, alone or in combination with metformin, is effective and well tolerated in treatment-naïve elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
Baron, MA; Gerich, JE; Jean-Louis, L; Marcellari, A; Purkayastha, D; Schwarz, SL, 2008)		0.55
"Initial drug treatment with nateglinide, alone or in combination with metformin, is well tolerated and produces clinically meaningful improvements in glycaemic control in elderly patients with T2DM."( Nateglinide, alone or in combination with metformin, is effective and well tolerated in treatment-naïve elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
Baron, MA; Gerich, JE; Jean-Louis, L; Marcellari, A; Purkayastha, D; Schwarz, SL, 2008)		0.35
" Potential pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-drug interactions of alogliptin with pioglitazone or glyburide were evaluated in healthy adults."( Coadministration of pioglitazone or glyburide and alogliptin: pharmacokinetic drug interaction assessment in healthy participants.
Fleck, P; Karim, A; Laurent, A; Mekki, Q; Munsaka, M; Wann, E, 2009)		0.85
" As a result, OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 represent sites for potential drug-drug interactions."( Fluorescence-based assays for the assessment of drug interaction with the human transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3.
Bednarczyk, D, 2010)		0.36
" This study investigated the hypothesis that the common antidiabetic drugs glibenclamide and metformin, in combination with tualang honey, offer additional protection for the pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats against oxidative stress and damage."( Antioxidant protective effect of glibenclamide and metformin in combination with honey in pancreas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Erejuwa, OO; Gurtu, S; Salam, SK; Salleh, MS; Sulaiman, SA; Wahab, MS, 2010)		0.36
" Based on laboratory findings, we determined the clinical significance of potential CYP2C9-mediated drug-drug interactions in hospitalized patients receiving glibenclamide, glimepiride or glipizide, all of which are metabolized by CYP2C9, together with a CYP2C9 inhibitor."( Potential CYP2C9-mediated drug-drug interactions in hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with the sulphonylureas glibenclamide, glimepiride or glipizide.
Heikkilä, P; Huupponen, R; Laine, K; Tirkkonen, T, 2010)		0.36
"Almost 20% of patients were exposed to a potential drug-drug interaction with a CYP2C9 inhibitor during sulphonylurea treatment."( Potential CYP2C9-mediated drug-drug interactions in hospitalized type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with the sulphonylureas glibenclamide, glimepiride or glipizide.
Heikkilä, P; Huupponen, R; Laine, K; Tirkkonen, T, 2010)		0.36
"05) reduced hyperglycemia, glibenclamide or metformin combined with honey produced significantly much lower blood glucose (8."( Glibenclamide or metformin combined with honey improves glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Erejuwa, OO; Gurtu, S; Salleh, MS; Sirajudeen, KN; Sulaiman, SA; Wahab, MS, 2011)		0.37
"The hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) influence the pharmacokinetics of several drug classes and are involved in many clinical drug-drug interactions."( Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
Artursson, P; Haglund, U; Karlgren, M; Kimoto, E; Lai, Y; Norinder, U; Vildhede, A; Wisniewski, JR, 2012)		0.38
"To compare pioglitazone or glibenclamide alone and in combination with rosuvastatin on hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetic patients."( Ultrasonography modifications of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue after pioglitazone or glibenclamide therapy combined with rosuvastatin in type 2 diabetic patients not well controlled by metformin.
D'Angelo, A; Derosa, G; Fogari, E; Maffioli, P; Perrone, T, 2013)		0.39
"The objective was to study the of drug-drug interaction between voriconazole and oral hypoglycemic agents in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats."( Drug-drug interaction between voriconazole and oral hypoglycemic agents in diabetic rats.
Diwan, PV; Joshi, B; Kumar, BH; Singh, JC, )		0.13
"We studied if the clinical pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of the sulfonylurea-derivative glibenclamide can be simulated via a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling approach."( Semi-mechanistic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of clinical glibenclamide pharmacokinetics and drug-drug-interactions.
Benne, MS; Greupink, R; Huisman, MT; Russel, FG; Schreurs, M, 2013)		0.39
" Because topiramate and antidiabetic drugs may be co-administered, the potential drug-drug interactions between topiramate and glyburide (glibenclamide), a commonly used sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent, was evaluated at steady state in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."( An open-label drug-drug interaction study of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and glyburide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Curtin, CR; Ford, L; Heald, DL; Manitpisitkul, P; Shalayda, K; Wang, SS, 2013)		0.81
" We aimed to compare mortality and cardiovascular risk among users of metformin in combination with pharmacologically different ISs."( Metformin in combination with various insulin secretagogues in type 2 diabetes and associated risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality--a retrospective nationwide study.
Andersson, C; Fosbøl, EL; Gislason, G; Køber, L; Mogensen, UM; Scheller, NM; Schramm, TK; Torp-Pedersen, C; Vaag, A, 2015)		0.42
"Most ISs in combination with metformin were associated with similar mortality and cardiovascular risk."( Metformin in combination with various insulin secretagogues in type 2 diabetes and associated risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality--a retrospective nationwide study.
Andersson, C; Fosbøl, EL; Gislason, G; Køber, L; Mogensen, UM; Scheller, NM; Schramm, TK; Torp-Pedersen, C; Vaag, A, 2015)		0.42
" We aimed to systematically screen for drugs that interact with the five most commonly used secretagogues-glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride, repaglinide, and nateglinide-to cause serious hypoglycemia."( Biomedical Informatics Approaches to Identifying Drug-Drug Interactions: Application to Insulin Secretagogues.
Bilker, WB; Brensinger, CM; Chiang, C; Han, X; Hennessy, S; Leonard, CE; Li, L, 2017)		0.66
" We first predicted the drug-drug interaction potential based on the pharmacokinetics of each secretagogue-precipitant pair."( Biomedical Informatics Approaches to Identifying Drug-Drug Interactions: Application to Insulin Secretagogues.
Bilker, WB; Brensinger, CM; Chiang, C; Han, X; Hennessy, S; Leonard, CE; Li, L, 2017)		0.46
"We predicted 34 pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions with the secretagogues, nine moderate and 25 weak."( Biomedical Informatics Approaches to Identifying Drug-Drug Interactions: Application to Insulin Secretagogues.
Bilker, WB; Brensinger, CM; Chiang, C; Han, X; Hennessy, S; Leonard, CE; Li, L, 2017)		0.46
"The self-controlled case series design has the potential to be widely applicable to screening for drug-drug interactions that lead to adverse outcomes identifiable in healthcare databases."( Biomedical Informatics Approaches to Identifying Drug-Drug Interactions: Application to Insulin Secretagogues.
Bilker, WB; Brensinger, CM; Chiang, C; Han, X; Hennessy, S; Leonard, CE; Li, L, 2017)		0.46
"We compared the individual effects of mitiglinide and glibenclamide administered in combination with the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor sitagliptin on plasma DPP-IV activity and blood glucose levels in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes (STZ-NA rats)."( Comparison of the Effects of Mitiglinide and Glibenclamide Administered in Combination with the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitor Sitagliptin in Rats with Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Type 2 Diabetes.
Akahane, K; Inoue, T; Kiguchi, S; Kobayashi, M; Ojima, K; Takeda, H; Tatemichi, S; Yokoyama, A, 2017)		0.46
"This study aimed to construct a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of rifampicin that can accurately and quantitatively predict complex drug-drug interactions (DDIs) involving its saturable hepatic uptake and auto-induction."( Comprehensive PBPK Model of Rifampicin for Quantitative Prediction of Complex Drug-Drug Interactions: CYP3A/2C9 Induction and OATP Inhibition Effects.
Asaumi, R; Hashizume, K; Imawaka, H; Lee, W; Nunoya, KI; Sugiyama, Y; Tobe, Y; Toshimoto, K, 2018)		0.48
"d for 14 days and on the 14th day all three groups were administered with 1 mg/kg Glibenclamide."( Effect of Tinospora cordifolia aqua-alcoholic extract on pharmacokinetic of Glibenclamide in rat: An herb-drug interaction study.
Ahmed, T; Punde, R; Sahu, R; Sangana, R; Subudhi, BB, 2018)		0.48
" Resveratrol alone and its combination with glibenclamide decreased the arrhythmia score, the arrhythmic period and the incidence of other types of arrhythmias during the reperfusion period."( The protection of resveratrol and its combination with glibenclamide, but not berberine on the diabetic hearts against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias: the role of myocardial K
Bozdogan, O; Eksioglu, D; Erim, F; Firat, T; Kaya, ST; Ozarslan, TO; Taskin, E; Yasar, S, 2019)		0.51
"to investigate possible beneficial effects of hydroalcoholic extract of SecurigeraSecuridaca seed (HESS) on antioxidant capacity, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and insulin resistance in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, alone and in combination with glibenclamide."( Effects of Securigera Securidaca seed extract in combination with glibenclamide on antioxidant capacity, fibroblast growth factor 21 and insulin resistance in hyperglycemic rats.
Alizadeh-Fanalou, S; Azadi, N; Babaei, M; Bahreini, E; Borji, M; Hosseini, A; Malekinejad, H; Nazarizadeh, A; Shojaii, A, 2020)		0.56
"Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to eight equal groups including healthy and diabetic controls and six treated groups with a various doses of HESS alone and in combination with glibenclamide, for 35 consecutive days."( Effects of Securigera Securidaca seed extract in combination with glibenclamide on antioxidant capacity, fibroblast growth factor 21 and insulin resistance in hyperglycemic rats.
Alizadeh-Fanalou, S; Azadi, N; Babaei, M; Bahreini, E; Borji, M; Hosseini, A; Malekinejad, H; Nazarizadeh, A; Shojaii, A, 2020)		0.56
" This study investigates the safety and efficacy of glibenclamide combined with rtPA in treating AIS patients."( Safety and efficacy of glibenclamide combined with rtPA in acute cerebral ischemia with occlusion/stenosis of anterior circulation (SE-GRACE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Chen, P; Huang, K; Huang, W; Huang, Y; Ji, Z; Li, G; Pan, S; Weng, G; Wu, Y; Yang, G; Yang, Z; Zhou, S, 2020)		0.56

Bioavailability

Glyburide is a poorly water-soluble oral hypoglycemic agent, with problems of variable bioavailability and bio-inequivalence. Complexation with HBenBCD may be an effective way to increase the bioavailability of glyburide.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The method should be of interest in the quality control of drugs that may cause bioavailability problems because of dissolution rate-limited absorption."( New method for characterizing dissolution properties of drug powders.
Pedersen, PV, 1977)		0.26
" A 33% increase in bioavailability of glibenclamide emerged, as seen from the respective AUC values, but no clinically remarkable effect was observed in the subjects."( Influence of antacids on the bioavailability of glibenclamide.
Avico, U; Federzoni, G; Pacifici, R; Pichini, S; Pini, LA; Sternieri, E; Zuccaro, P, 1989)		0.28
" The bioavailability and pharmacodynamic studies were carried out on 16 healthy male adult volunteers who received a single dose of each product in a double-blind crossover design."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two commercial products containing glibenclamide.
Abdel-Hamid, ME; el-Sayed, YM; Hasan, MM; Najib, NM; Sallam, ES; Shubair, MS; Suleiman, MS, 1989)		0.28
" Time point comparisons were employed to exclude clinically relevant changes of glibenclamide bioavailability and kinetics."( Glibenclamide steady state plasma levels during concomitant vinpocetine administration in type II diabetic patients.
Braun, W; Frercks, HJ; Grandt, R; Lührmann, B; Schulz, HU, 1989)		0.28
" The two dissolution methods yielded different rank orders of ease of dissolution of the drug from the various preparations; the findings of neither dissolution method correlated adequately with the results of the in vivo bioavailability studies, which correctly predicted the abilities of the preparations to reduce plasma glucose concentrations."( Correlations between in vitro dissolution, in vivo bioavailability and hypoglycaemic effect of oral glibenclamide.
Chalk, JB; Eadie, MJ; Patterson, M; Smith, MT, 1986)		0.27
" Additionally, glyburide does not appear to interact with other medications and is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract."( Review of glyburide after one year on the market.
Feldman, JM, 1985)		1.02
" Post-dose glipizide concentrations were three times higher than those of glibenclamide, due to the incomplete bioavailability of the latter."( Pharmacokinetics and metabolic effects of glibenclamide and glipizide in type 2 diabetics.
Fyhrqvist, F; Groop, L; Groop, PH; Melander, A; Tolppanen, EM; Tötterman, KJ; Wåhlin-Boll, E, 1985)		0.27
"Pharmacodynamics and tolerance, as well as the bioavailability of two oral dosage forms of 5 mg glibenclamide were determined in eight healthy male volunteers in a double-blind crossover study."( Bioavailability and pharmacodynamics of a sustained-release glibenclamide product (Deroctyl) in comparison to a standard tablet formulation (Euglucon, Daonil).
Ayanoglu, G; Badian, M; Witte, PU, 1983)		0.27
" Glyburide and glipizide are well absorbed after oral administration."( Glyburide and glipizide, second-generation oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents.
Prendergast, BD, )		2.48
" Peak concentrations, times-to-peak concentration, elimination half-lives and the extent of bioavailability of the drug were not significantly modified by acarbose."( Glibenclamide pharmacokinetics in acarbose-treated type 2 diabetics.
Gerard, J; Lefebvre, PJ; Luyckx, AS, 1984)		0.27
" Food intake did not influence the bioavailability of a 5 mg dose of glibenclamide."( Serum glibenclamide in diabetic patients, and influence of food on the kinetics and effects of glibenclamide.
Melander, A; Sartor, G; Scherstén, B; Wåhlin-Boll, E, 1980)		0.26
" Food did not affect the bioavailability of any of the four drugs, but delayed Gz absorption."( Kinetics-effect relations of glipizide and other sulfonylureas.
Melander, A; Sartor, G; Scherstén, B; Wåhlin-Boll, E, 1980)		0.26
" The bioavailability of glipizide was apparently greater than that of glibenclamide."( Comparative single-dose kinetics and effects of four sulfonylureas in healthy volunteers.
Melander, A; Sartor, G; Scherstén, B; Wåhlin-Boll, E, 1980)		0.26
"For glibenclamide bioavailability studies in serum, high-performance liquid column and thin-layer chromatographic methods were introduced."( High-performance liquid column and thin-layer chromatographic determination of human serum glibenclamide at therapeutic levels.
Sistovaris, N; Uihlein, M, 1982)		0.26
" In the presence of moxonidine, a minor decrease of bioavailability of glibenclamide was detectable, as could be derived from the AUC and clearance data."( Steady state investigation of possible pharmacokinetic interactions of moxonidine and glibenclamide.
Achtert, G; Dilger, C; Eden, G; Michaelis, K; Müller, M; Weber, W; Weimann, HJ, )		0.13
"Pharmacokinetic characteristics and relative bioavailability of the regular preparation (RG) and micronized preparation (MG) of glibenclamide (Gli) were studied in 4 Chinese healthy men."( Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of tablet of micronized glibenclamide in 4 Chinese healthy men.
Cui, HD; Guo, Y; Jiang, WD; Karras, HO; Zhu, XX, 1993)		0.29
"0 g of sodium bicarbonate and non-micronized glibenclamide greatly increased the early bioavailability of glibenclamide."( The effects of different doses of sodium bicarbonate on the absorption and activity of non-micronized glibenclamide.
Kivistö, KT; Lehto, P; Neuvonen, PJ, 1993)		0.29
" There was no significant difference in total metabolite urine recovery between intravenous or oral administration of Gb, suggesting almost complete oral bioavailability of the micronized glibenclamide formulation."( Comparison of the kinetics of glyburide and its active metabolites in humans.
Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T, 1995)		0.58
" The effect of food on their bioavailability is similar."( Modulation of insulin secretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by two novel oral hypoglycaemic agents, NN623 and A4166.
Kikuchi, M, 1996)		0.29
" With its good oral bioavailability (47%) and plasma elimination half-life (3 h) in rats, compound 3 offers an excellent candidate to investigate the role of residual vasorelaxant potency of 2 toward its cardioprotective activity in vivo."( Cardioselective antiischemic ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) openers. 5. Identification of 4-(N-aryl)-substituted benzopyran derivatives with high selectivity.
Ahmed, SZ; Atwal, KS; Baird, AJ; Ding, CZ; Dzwonczyk, S; Ferrara, FN; Grover, GJ; Humphreys, WG; McLaughlin, LG; Normandin, DE; Rovnyak, GC; Santafianos, D; Sleph, PG; Traeger, SC, 1997)		0.3
" Co-administration of candesartan cilexetil with HCTZ produced a statistically significant increase in the bioavailability and Cmax values for candesartan (18% and 25%, respectively)."( Pharmacokinetic drug interaction studies with candesartan cilexetil.
Högemann, A; Jonkman, JH; Lins, R; Sennewald, R; van Heiningen, PN; van Lier, JJ, 1997)		0.3
" Therefore, one possible mechanism accounting for the more rapid and short-lived hypoglycemic action of A-4166 in vivo, as compared with tolbutamide, may involve the reported differences in the bioavailability of A-4166."( Insulin secretion from isolated rat islets induced by the novel hypoglycemic agent A-4166, a derivative of D-phenylalanine.
Kikuchi, M; Niki, I; Oka, Y; Sakurada, M; Tsukuda, K, 1998)		0.3
" AUC and Cmax of Gb were lower and the clearance to bioavailability ratio (CL/f) was higher in the IRF group."( Pharmacokinetics of glibenclamide and its metabolites in diabetic patients with impaired renal function.
Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T; Sterner, G, 1998)		0.3
"The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cyclodextrins (beta-CD, HP-beta-CD and (SBE)7m-beta-CD), and co-administration of a water-soluble polymer (HPMC) and cyclodextrins, on the oral bioavailability of glibenclamide in dogs."( Co-administration of a water-soluble polymer increases the usefulness of cyclodextrins in solid oral dosage forms.
Jarho, P; Järvinen, K; Järvinen, T; Loftsson, T; Savolainen, J; Taipale, H, 1998)		0.3
" Orally administered glibenclamide and its physical mixture with HP-beta-CD showed poor absolute bioavailability, while orally administered glibenclamide/cyclodextrin-complexes significantly enhanced the absolute bioavailability of glibenclamide."( Co-administration of a water-soluble polymer increases the usefulness of cyclodextrins in solid oral dosage forms.
Jarho, P; Järvinen, K; Järvinen, T; Loftsson, T; Savolainen, J; Taipale, H, 1998)		0.3
"The oral bioavailability of glibenclamide was significantly increased by cyclodextrin complexation."( Co-administration of a water-soluble polymer increases the usefulness of cyclodextrins in solid oral dosage forms.
Jarho, P; Järvinen, K; Järvinen, T; Loftsson, T; Savolainen, J; Taipale, H, 1998)		0.3
" Changes in the bioavailability of the drug and activation of sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis are potential candidates."( The effect of stress on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glibenclamide in diabetic rats.
Abd Elaziz, MA; Al-Dhawailie, AA; Tekle, A, )		0.13
" Formation of the new crystal form is considered as reason of reduction in dissolution and bioavailability of tablets."( Preparation and characterisation of a new insoluble polymorphic form of glibenclamide.
Malamataris, S; Panagopoulou-Kaplani, A, 2000)		0.31
"The quantitative structure-bioavailability relationship of 232 structurally diverse drugs was studied to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a predictive model for the human oral bioavailability of prospective new medicinal agents."( QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F, 2000)		0.31
" The absorption rate of glibenclamide and tolbutamide was not affected by food."( [Timing of administration of sulfonyl urea derivatives].
de Smet, PA; Fischer, HR, 2000)		0.31
" Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of two strengths (500 mg/2."( Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a metformin/glyburide tablet administered alone and with food.
Arnold, ME; Barbhaiya, RH; Greene, DS; Marathe, PH; Meeker, J, 2000)		0.56
"This simple, rapid and sensitive method is suitable for pharmacokinetic, bioavailability and biequivalence studies."( A novel extractionless hplc fluorescence method for the determination of glyburide in the human plasma: application to a bioequivalence study.
Abed, O; Abraham, B; Al-Lami, A; Khatri, J; Masood, S; Qassim, S, )		0.36
"Glyburide is a poorly water-soluble oral hypoglycemic agent, with problems of variable bioavailability and bio-inequivalence related to its poor water-solubility."( Development and evaluation of glyburide fast dissolving tablets using solid dispersion technique.
Ballerini, R; Cirri, M; Maestrelli, F; Mura, P; Valleri, M, 2004)		2.05
"The purpose of this work is to improve the dissolution and bioavailability characteristics of glibenclamide as compared to Daonil tablets (Hoechst)."( In vitro and in vivo evaluation of glibenclamide in solid dispersion systems.
Al-Qashi, ZS; Najib, NM; Tashtoush, BM, 2004)		0.32
" In particular, the pyrazolyl derivative 35 showed good oral bioavailability and brain penetration associated with high potency and selectivity in vitro."( 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-thiopropyl-tetrahydrobenzazepines: a series of potent and selective dopamine D(3) receptor antagonists.
Andreoli, M; Ashby, CR; Bifone, A; Blaney, FE; Bonanomi, G; Braggio, S; Capelli, AM; Checchia, A; Curcuruto, O; Damiani, F; Donati, D; Fabio, RD; Gentile, G; Gozzi, A; Gribble, A; Griffante, C; Hagan, JJ; Hamprecht, D; Heidbreder, C; Lacroix, L; Lightfoot, A; Macdonald, G; Micheli, F; Mugnaini, M; Pecoraro, M; Perini, O; Petrone, M; Pilla, M; Piner, J; Rossi, T; Schwarz, A; Scott, C; Smith, A; Stemp, G; Tarsi, L; Tedesco, G; Terreni, S; Valerio, E; Wood, M; Worby, A, 2007)		0.34
" Human oral bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic property, which is directly related to the amount of drug available in the systemic circulation to exert pharmacological and therapeutic effects."( Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA, 2007)		0.34
" It is proposed that these effects are in part related to improved kidney function resulting in increased Hct and blood viscosity which increases vascular wall shear stress and NO bioavailability leading to a vasodilator effect."( Increased hematocrit and reduced blood pressure following control of glycemia in diabetes.
Cabrales, P; Díaz, JS; Intaglietta, M; Negrete, AC; Salazar Vázquez, BY; Salazar Vázquez, MA; Venzor, VC, 2008)		0.35
" The purpose of this study was to compare the bioavailability of two formulations of glyburide used in Mexico, Daonil and Gen-Glybe."( Bioequivalence of two oral formulations of glyburide (glibenclamide).
Carrasco-Portugal, Mdel C; Flores-Murrieta, FJ; Herrera, JE; Medina-Santillán, R; Reyes-García, G, 2007)		0.83
" To evaluate the possibility of a pharmacokinetic interaction, the oral bioavailability of diclofenac (18 mg/kg) was studied in presence and the absence of glibenclamide (10 mg/kg)."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diclofenac in the presence and absence of glibenclamide in the rat.
Castañeda-Hernández, G; León-Reyes, MR; Ortiz, MI, 2008)		0.35
"Complexation with HBenBCD may be an effective way to increase the bioavailability of glyburide."( Improving glyburide solubility and dissolution by complexation with hydroxybutenyl-beta-cyclodextrin.
Buchanan, CM; Buchanan, NL; Edgar, KJ; Klein, S; Lambert, JL; Ramsey, MG; Wempe, MF; Zoeller, T, 2009)		0.98
" In-vivo results of the optimized gel (2% CP: 2% HPMC) revealed that the gel successfully prevented severe hypoglycemia, showed sustained action, and enhanced relative bioavailability with and without penetration enhancers as compared to the marketed formulation."( Buccoadhesive gels of glibenclamide: a means for achieving enhanced bioavailability.
Pathak, K; Philip, AK; Srivastava, M, 2009)		0.35
"3 ng ml(-1) h(-1)) also indicate increased bioavailability of the drug from these systems compared to the oral route (829."( Microcapsules and transdermal patch: a comparative approach for improved delivery of antidiabetic drug.
Barik, BB; Mishra, MK; Ray, D, 2009)		0.35
" Besides, this antagonism was not produced by diminution in the bioavailability of diclofenac."( Pharmacokinetic of diclofenac in the presence and absence of glibenclamide in the rat.
Castañeda-Hernández, G; León-Reyes, MR; Ortiz, MI, 2009)		0.35
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)		0.36
" Developed NPs revealed a decreased t(min) and enhanced bioavailability and hence superior activity as compared to plain GB in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbit model."( Development and characterization of nanoparticles of glibenclamide by solvent displacement method.
Datusalia, AK; Deep, A; Dora, CP; Kumar, S; Singh, SK, )		0.13
" Finally, we discuss the possible effects of tautomerism on basic pharmaceutical parameters such as biological activity or bioavailability in the case of the glibenclamide drug."( On the kinetics of tautomerism in drugs: New application of broadband dielectric spectroscopy.
Grzybowska, K; Hawelek, L; Kaminski, K; Paluch, M; Wlodarczyk, P; Wojnarowska, Z, 2010)		0.36
"75 mg/day × 1 day) on the relative bioavailability of either compound in healthy subjects (n = 20, age 18-55 years)."( Assessment of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the novel DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin and a sulfonylurea, glyburide, in healthy subjects.
Graefe-Mody, U; Iovino, M; Ring, A; Rose, P; Woerle, HJ; Zander, K, 2011)		0.58
" Tryptanthrin was well absorbed across the Caco-2 monolayers, and its transepithelial transports were dominated by passive diffusion."( Transport characteristics of tryptanthrin and its inhibitory effect on P-gp and MRP2 in Caco-2 cells.
Ma, G; Wang, H; Yan, J; Yang, Q; Zhang, X; Zhu, X, 2011)		0.37
"Particle size reduction is a suitable method to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs."( Process optimization of a novel production method for nanosuspensions using design of experiments (DoE).
Heinzerling, O; Möschwitzer, JP; Müller, RH; Salazar, J, 2011)		0.37
"Nanosizing is a non-specific approach to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs."( Nanocrystals: comparison of the size reduction effectiveness of a novel combinative method with conventional top-down approaches.
Ghanem, A; Möschwitzer, JP; Müller, RH; Salazar, J, 2012)		0.38
"Over the last decades the poor solubility of new drugs has become an important issue, with one of the main challenges being to develop oral dosage forms with acceptable bioavailability for such compounds."( Application of a ternary HP-β-CD-complex approach to improve the dissolution performance of a poorly soluble weak acid under biorelevant conditions.
Dressman, JB; Klein, S; Zoeller, T, 2012)		0.38
" It was reported that doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is mediated through oxidative stress coupled with impaired NO bioavailability and NF-κB activation."( Cardioprotective effects of nicorandil, a mitochondrial potassium channel opener against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
Abdel-Raheem, IT; Abouzied, MM; Taye, A, 2013)		0.39
"The present study aimed at the development and characterisation of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble glyburide."( Improved oral bioavailability of glyburide by a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system.
Kong, Y; Leng, D; Li, R; Liu, H; Liu, W; Shang, K; Zhang, T, 2014)		0.88
"These results indicated that SNEDDS is a promising drug delivery system for increasing the oral bioavailability of glyburide."( Improved oral bioavailability of glyburide by a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system.
Kong, Y; Leng, D; Li, R; Liu, H; Liu, W; Shang, K; Zhang, T, 2014)		0.89
" Potential inhibitors of MMPs have been tested for almost 30 years, but none have reached clinical utility due to bioavailability issues and adverse effects."( In vitro biological evaluation of glyburide as potential inhibitor of collagenases.
Bodiga, S; Bodiga, VL; Chavali, S; Eda, SR; Revur, NN; Thokala, S; Zhang, A, 2014)		0.68
"For the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to be improved, the transformation of crystalline APIs to the amorphous state has often been shown to be advantageous."( Predicting the Solubility Advantage of Amorphous Pharmaceuticals: A Novel Thermodynamic Approach.
Ji, Y; Paus, R; Sadowski, G; Vahle, L, 2015)		0.42
" The results revealed that BA and AD led to the PK/PD changes because of glyburide-increased bioavailability and because of the inhibition of CYP3A4 enzyme."( Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interaction of Boswellic Acids and Andrographolide with Glyburide in Diabetic Rats: Including Its PK/PD Modeling.
Samala, S; Veeresham, C, 2016)		0.89
"A solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulation was developed with the aim of improving the oral bioavailability and the therapeutic effectiveness of glibenclamide (GLI), a poorly water-soluble drug used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes."( Development of solid lipid nanoparticles as carriers for improving oral bioavailability of glibenclamide.
Almeida, AJ; Di Cesare Mannelli, L; Ghelardini, C; Gonçalves, LM; Maestrelli, F; Mura, P, 2016)		0.43
" All of these efforts led to the identification of compound 11 as a potent and orally bioavailable FFA1 agonist without the risk of hypoglycemia."( Discovery of novel pyrrole-based scaffold as potent and orally bioavailable free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Cai, X; Dai, Y; Fu, M; Huang, W; Li, Z; Pan, M; Qian, H; Shi, W; Su, X, 2016)		0.43
"Glibenclamide is an antidiabetic drug showing low bioavailability as consequence of its low solubility."( Supramolecular structure of glibenclamide and β-cyclodextrins complexes.
Font, M; Irache, JM; Lucio, D; Martínez-Ohárriz, MC, 2017)		0.46
"Drug nanosuspension is one of the established methods to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs."( Production of drug nanosuspensions: effect of drug physical properties on nanosizing efficiency.
Liu, T; Möschwitzer, JP; Müller, RH, 2018)		0.48
"In an attempt to decrease the dose, anticipated side effects, and the cost of production of glibenclamide, GLC, a potent oral hypoglycemic drug, the enhancement of the dissolution and hence the oral bioavailability were investigated."( Glibenclamide Mini-tablets with an Enhanced Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Performance.
Abdellatif, AAH; El Hamd, MA; Roberts, M; Tawfeek, HM; Younis, MA, 2018)		0.48
"Supersaturating formulations are widely used to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs."( Calculation of drug-polymer mixing enthalpy as a new screening method of precipitation inhibitors for supersaturating pharmaceutical formulations.
Dressman, J; Kuentz, M; Nair, A; Price, DJ; Saal, C, 2019)		0.51
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
" Friedelan-3-one was shown to be non-carcinogenic, non-hepatotoxic, has decent oral bioavailability and a good compound for optimisation into a drug candidate."( Myrianthus libericus: Possible mechanisms of hypoglycaemic action and in silico prediction of pharmacokinetics and toxicity profile of its bioactive metabolite, friedelan-3-one.
Adongo, DW; Amponsah, IK; Baah, MK; Ben, IO; Fleischer, TC; Harley, BK; Mensah, AY; Mireku-Gyimah, NA, 2021)		0.62
" To date, using a variety of methods, only the bioavailability time of tritiated thymidine and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) have been evaluated."( The bioavailability time of commonly used thymidine analogues after intraperitoneal delivery in mice: labeling kinetics in vivo and clearance from blood serum.
Belousov, VV; Enikolopov, GN; Maltsev, DI; Mellanson, KA; Podgorny, OV, 2022)		0.72
" Both the drugs possess dissolution rate-limited oral bioavailability leading to poor therapeutic efficacy."( Polymeric micelles loaded with glyburide and vanillic acid: I. Formulation development, in-vitro characterization and bioavailability studies.
Adams, J; Arshad, MF; Awasthi, A; Bettada, VG; Chellappan, DK; Corrie, L; Dua, K; Famta, P; Gowthamarajan, K; Gulati, M; Gupta, G; Hansbro, PM; Kaur, J; Khatik, GL; Madhunapantula, SV; Paudel, KR; Saini, S; Singh, SK, 2022)		1.01
" Nanoparticles (NP) of GB and organophilized Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) were developed to improve oral bioavailability and tested in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety."( Efficacy and safety of nanoparticles of glibenclamide and organomodified layered double hydroxides in diabetics rats.
Alvarez-Lorenzo, C; da Costa Silva Neto, J; Dal Santo, G; Damasceno Leão, A; Duarte Vieira, L; Fontana Agostini, J; Gonçalves da Silva, T; Gonçalves Wanderley, A; Lamartine Soares-Sobrinho, J; Ribeiro da Silva, J; Rodrigues de Lima Porto Ramos, K, 2023)		0.91

Dosage Studied

Glyburide can be used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients. In the beta cell of aged rats, the following abnormalities were found: right shift of the dose-response curve (depressed sensitivity) of glucose-induced insulin release.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" The maximal values of both phases of secretion in the dose-response curve elicited by different glucose concentrations shift to the left when glibenclamide is added to the perfusate."( Studies on the dynamics and mechanism of glibenclamide-induced insulin secretion.
Basabe, JC; Chieri, RA; Farina, JM, 1976)		0.26
" Addition of sulphonylurea induced a left shift in the dose-response relationships in controls and low insulin responders; under these conditions the effect of glibenclamide was more pronounced than that of gliquidone."( Effect of two sulphonylureas on the dose kinetics of glucose-induced insulin release in normal and diabetic subjects.
Cerasi, E; Efendic, S; Luft, R; Thornqvist, C, 1979)		0.26
" Glibenclamide, Gliquidone, Glusoxepide and placebo were administered in random order with degree dosage adjusted according to degree of severity of diabetes."( [Comparison of glibenclamide, gliquidone, glisoxepide and placebo in maturity onset diabetics of differing degrees of severity (author's transl)].
Brändle, J; Irsigler, K; Ogris, E; Regal, H; Steinhardt, T; Zdolsek, I, 1979)		0.26
" Due to the high frequency of side effects it does not seem to be worthwhile to further investigate the therapeutic effect of MPC in a larger number of patients with different dosage regimens."( [Effect of methylpyrazole-carboxylic acid on carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in patients with diabetes mellitus].
Hassalacher, Ch; Lang, PD; Vollmar, J; Wahl, P, 1975)		0.25
" The dose-response pattern for insulin release (first phase) following two chemically unrelated insulin secretagogues, the potent sulphonyl-urea derivative, glibenclamide, and the beta-adrenegic agonist L-isopropylnoradrenaline, (L-IPNA), was tested with and without vinblastine pretreatment."( Effect of vinblastine in vivo on ultrastructure and insulin releasing capacity of the B-cell following sulphonylurea and isopropyl-noradrenaline.
Ericson, LE; Lundquist, I, 1975)		0.25
" The changes in weight were similar and both drugs were devoid of serious toxic effects in the dosage prescribed."( Comparative study of glibenclamide & chlorpropamide in newly diagnosed maturity onset diabetics.
Haider, Z; Obaidullah, S, 1976)		0.26
" It was impossible to demonstrate neither a direct effect nor an enhancement of insulin secretion during drug administration; in another experiment (treatment F) a higher dosage of BL-191 (100 mg as a priming dose + 200 mg as infusion dose) was likely ineffective."( Effects of a xanthine derivative (BL 191) on insulin secretion in normal man.
Angotzi, G; Diana, A; Lenti, G; Pagano, G; Sani, AB, 1975)		0.25
" Seventy-five percent of patients receiving glyburide were controlled with once-daily dosing compared with 29."( Glyburide versus glipizide in the treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Bloomgarden, Z; Kilo, C; Meenan, A, )		1.84
" The dosage of hypoglycemic drugs was maintained at a constant level throughout the study."( A high-monounsaturated-fat/low-carbohydrate diet improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
Capaldo, B; Ciardullo, AV; Genovese, S; Giacco, A; Parillo, M; Riccardi, G; Rivellese, AA, 1992)		0.28
"Randomized (between agents and in order of dosing regimens), prospective, open, crossover study among 14 NIDDM patients to compare glucose, insulin, and C-peptide responses to a standard diet and to 10 mg of oral GP or GB taken without food 1) after 2 wk without therapy, 2) after 4 wk of either GP (n = 7) or GB (n = 7) treatment OD, and 3) after 4 wk of TD therapy with the same agent."( Chronic sulfonylurea therapy augments basal and meal-stimulated insulin secretion while attenuating insulin responses to sulfonylurea per se.
Bird, DM; Cameron, DP; Ma, A; McIntyre, HD; Patterson, CA, 1992)		0.28
"Therapeutic equivalence of OD and TD dosing with GP and GB during chronic therapy."( Chronic sulfonylurea therapy augments basal and meal-stimulated insulin secretion while attenuating insulin responses to sulfonylurea per se.
Bird, DM; Cameron, DP; Ma, A; McIntyre, HD; Patterson, CA, 1992)		0.28
") dose-response curves for decrease in MBP due to YT-146 underwent parallel rightward shifts."( Vasodepressor mechanisms of 2-(1-octynyl)-adenosine (YT-146), a selective adenosine A2 receptor agonist, involve the opening of glibenclamide-sensitive K+ channels.
Satoh, K; Taira, N; Yamada, H; Yoneyama, F, 1992)		0.28
"TO investigate the effects of the addition of glyburide to the regimen of insulin-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with regard to their overall insulin requirement and dosage schedule and to assess persistence of these effects."( Combination therapy for NIDDM with biosynthetic human insulin and glyburide.
Bailey, TS; Costa, R; Heshka, S; Mezitis, NH; Pi-Sunyer, FX; Saitas, V, 1992)		0.78
" After a baseline period of satisfactory diabetes control on biosynthetic human insulin alone, insulin dosage was halved, and patients were placed on a combination with either glyburide or placebo."( Combination therapy for NIDDM with biosynthetic human insulin and glyburide.
Bailey, TS; Costa, R; Heshka, S; Mezitis, NH; Pi-Sunyer, FX; Saitas, V, 1992)		0.71
" The adenosine dose-response curve in these hearts was shifted 20-fold to the right by 1 microM glyburide."( Coronary reactive hyperemia and adenosine-induced vasodilation are mediated partially by a glyburide-sensitive mechanism.
Clayton, FC; Grover, GJ; Hess, TA; Smith, MA, 1992)		0.72
" Premixed 70% NPH/30% Regular insulin was taken before supper, and the dosage was adjusted weekly by an algorithm seeking nearly normal fasting glycemia."( Combined therapy for obese type 2 diabetes: suppertime mixed insulin with daytime sulfonylurea.
Bingham, P; Garrison, C; Hart, J; McDaniel, P; Riddle, M, 1992)		0.28
" Gluburide, as adjunctive therapy, may reduce the daily dosage needed by those who require insulin."( Glyburide in non-insulin-dependent diabetes: an update.
Kolterman, OG, )		1.57
" The dose-response curves for inhibition of I-KATP at different pHo's were found to coincide when plotted for the unionized concentrations of the drugs."( Effects of pH upon the inhibition by sulphonylurea drugs of ATP-sensitive K+ channels in cardiac muscle.
Findlay, I, 1992)		0.28
" Cells were held at 0 mV and BRL 38227 was added cumulatively to construct a dose-response relationship."( Effects of BRL 38227 on potassium currents in smooth muscle cells isolated from rabbit portal vein and human mesenteric artery.
Aaronson, PI; Russell, SN; Smirnov, SV, 1992)		0.28
"Despite extensive clinical experience with second-generation oral hypoglycemic agents, the relative dosing equivalence of glyburide and glipizide remains controversial."( Conversion from glipizide to glyburide: a prospective cost-impact survey.
Alexis, G; Henault, R; Sparr, HB, )		0.63
" In the present investigation we studied the pH dependency and dose-response effects of suramin on islet lysosomal enzyme activities as well as the effect of suramin treatment on the insulin-secretory response to various secretagogues in mice."( Effect of the lysosomotropic drug suramin on islet lysosomal enzyme activities and the insulin-secretory response induced by various secretagogues.
Lundquist, I; Panagiotidis, G; Salehi, AA, 1991)		0.28
" The dosage was adjusted to obtain adequate control or up to the maximum recommended dosage."( Efficacy of gliclazide in comparison with other sulphonylureas in the treatment of NIDDM.
Harrower, AD, 1991)		0.28
" Insulin dose-response curves demonstrate that glyburide treatment increased both insulin sensitivity and responsiveness."( Glyburide increases insulin sensitivity and responsiveness in peripheral tissues of the rat as determined by the glucose clamp technique.
Hirshman, MF; Horton, ES, 1990)		1.98
"1 and 1 microM), with a three-fold and eight-fold shift to the right of the dose-response curve, respectively."( The action of a potassium channel activator, BRL 38227 (lemakalim), on human airway smooth muscle.
Alouan, LA; Armour, CL; Barnes, PJ; Black, JL; Johnson, PR, 1990)		0.28
" Insulin dosage fell in the glipizide group from 36 to 26 U day-1, as 4 patients experienced hypoglycaemic symptoms."( Combination of insulin with glipizide increases peripheral glucose disposal in secondary failure type 2 diabetic patients.
Reckless, JP; Simpson, HC; Stirling, CA; Sturley, R, 1990)		0.28
" In diabetic patients treated with sulphonylureas and phenformin at low dosage (glibenclamide 5 mg and phenformin 50 mg) it was possible to maintain good glycometabolic control using only the sulphonylurea gliclazide (160 mg/die)."( [Efficacy of sulfonylurea and sulfonylurea-benfluorex therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with commercial sulfonylurea-biguanide combinations].
Benzi, L; Cecchetti, P; Ciccarone, AM; Di Cianni, G; Giannarelli, R; Navalesi, R; Penno, G, )		0.13
" Dose-response curves for the increase in coronary blood flow produced by nicorandil or cromakalim were shifted to the right in a parallel manner and to similar extents by glibenclamide given intravenously to support dogs."( Nicorandil increases coronary blood flow predominantly by K-channel opening mechanism.
Satoh, K; Taira, N; Yoneyama, F, 1990)		0.28
" 68% of all SH-cases did with a dosage of 1-3 mg glibenclamide a day, 28% with 1 mg a day."( [Treatment of newly diagnosed type II diabetic patients with special reference to prescribing glibenclamide in low doses].
Bothe, E; Dempe, A; Hanisch, R; Häntzschel, U; Wurlitzer, M, 1989)		0.28
" Neogluconin showed an improved absorption and comparable blood sugar levels at a dosage reduced by 25%."( [Clinical study comparing the effectiveness and tolerance of 2 current and one new glibenclamide formulation].
Haushofer, A; Lingg, G, 1989)		0.28
"This investigation was carried out to evaluate the in vitro dissolution as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of two tablet oral dosage forms of glibenclamide, Daonil (product A) and Glucomid (product B)."( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two commercial products containing glibenclamide.
Abdel-Hamid, ME; el-Sayed, YM; Hasan, MM; Najib, NM; Sallam, ES; Shubair, MS; Suleiman, MS, 1989)		0.28
" Insulin secretory dose-response curves utilizing static incubations fit a single binding site model and established that glyburide (ED50 = 112 +/- 18 nM) is a more potent secretagogue than tolbutamide (ED50 = 15 +/- 3 microM)."( Increased cytosolic calcium. A signal for sulfonylurea-stimulated insulin release from beta cells.
Berg, M; Boyd, AE; Gaines, KL; Nelson, TY; Rajan, AS, 1987)		0.48
" Since maintained contraction induced by oxytocin in a Ca-free solution could be repeated after making a relaxation dose-response curve to sulfonylurea, the most likely mechanism of sulfonylurea-induced uterine relaxation is not an increase in the efflux of Ca but an increase in the Ca-uptake by intracellular organelles."( Relaxant effects of sulfonylureas on induced contractions of rat uterine smooth muscle: role of intracellular calcium.
Anselmi, E; D'Ocon, MP; Villar, A, 1986)		0.27
" Compared with the control treatment, cimetidine increased the glibenclamide AUC (973 vs 710 ng ml-1 h), but during ranitidine dosing glibenclamide AUC (726 ng ml-1 h) was not significantly different from the control."( The paradoxical effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on glibenclamide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Antal, EJ; Juhl, RP; Kubacka, RT, 1987)		0.27
" Glyburide increased sensitivity to insulin (ie, shifted the dose-response curve to the left) without affecting either responsiveness or insulin binding."( Effect of glyburide on glycogen metabolism in cultured rat hepatocytes.
Davidson, MB; Sladen, G, 1987)		1.59
" After hospitalization of all in-patients needing glibenclamide therapy, a one-week period of adaptation to clinical conditions with optimized diet, antidiabetic dosage of the drug and the beginning of a diabetes learning programme followed."( [Interactions of non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs with oral antidiabetic agents: acemetacin--glibenclamide].
Haupt, E; Hoppe, FK; Rechziegler, H; Zündorf, P, )		0.13
" The required insulin dosage was thus reduced by more than a third."( [Effectiveness of combined treatment with glibenclamide and insulin in secondary sulfonylurea failure. A controlled multicenter double-blind clinical trial].
Bachmann, W; Lotz, N; Mehnert, H; Rosak, C; Schöffling, K, 1988)		0.27
" To determine an optimal glyburide dosage schedule, the effects of glyburide once (every morning) or twice daily and chlorpropamide once daily (every morning) were compared in 18 men with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a randomized, double-blind fashion."( Once-daily use of glyburide.
Fajardo, F; Ginier, P; Levin, SR; Madan, S, 1985)		0.91
" Its absorption is determined by the rate of emptying of the dose form from the stomach with the lag time between dosing and the start of gastric emptying (and hence absorption of the dose) largely dependent on the in-vivo disintegration time."( The effect of in-vivo dispersion and gastric emptying on glibenclamide absorption from a novel, rapidly dissolving capsule formulation.
Barker, MC; Calvert, RT; Ganley, JA; McEwen, J, 1984)		0.27
" The dosage of sulfinpyrazone used in this trial was well tolerated by all patients and no side effects were observed."( [Interaction of sulfinpyrazone (Anturan) and glibenclamide (Euglucon) in type II diabetic patients].
Irsigler, K; Kritz, H; Najemnik, C, 1983)		0.27
"Pharmacodynamics and tolerance, as well as the bioavailability of two oral dosage forms of 5 mg glibenclamide were determined in eight healthy male volunteers in a double-blind crossover study."( Bioavailability and pharmacodynamics of a sustained-release glibenclamide product (Deroctyl) in comparison to a standard tablet formulation (Euglucon, Daonil).
Ayanoglu, G; Badian, M; Witte, PU, 1983)		0.27
" The study examined the tailoring of drug dosage to the patients needs and found that in the majority of patients it was necessary to give both glibenclamide and gliquidone thrice daily."( Diabetic control with gliquidone--a short acting sulphonylurea.
Borthwick, LJ; Wilson, S, 1984)		0.27
"The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage of glyburide and glipizide, two second-generation oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents, are reviewed."( Glyburide and glipizide, second-generation oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents.
Prendergast, BD, )		1.79
" The interindividual variation in glibenclamide concentrations was extremely large (0 to 1520 nmol/l), greatly exceeding the variation in dosage (2."( Serum glibenclamide in diabetic patients, and influence of food on the kinetics and effects of glibenclamide.
Melander, A; Sartor, G; Scherstén, B; Wåhlin-Boll, E, 1980)		0.26
" For each of the four drugs, the steady state concentrations showed very large between-patient variations, not attributable to dosage or weight differences but to individual differences in drug kinetics and to insufficient compliance."( Kinetics-effect relations of glipizide and other sulfonylureas.
Melander, A; Sartor, G; Scherstén, B; Wåhlin-Boll, E, 1980)		0.26
" In accordance with the augmented physiologic insulin release in the morning, a single morning dose of sulfonylureas may be the preferable dosage regimen in the treatment of elderly insulin-independent diabetics of moderate degree."( Diurnal pattern of plasma insulin and blood glucose during glibenclamide and glipizide therapy in elderly diabetics.
Groop, L; Harno, K, 1980)		0.26
" Irrespective of dosage and mode of administration, addition of glibenclamide to a standardized breakfast, lunch and dinner enhanced plasma IRI concentrations and reduced blood glucose concentrations as compared to administration of meals without the drug."( Improved effect of glibenclamide on administration before breakfast.
Lundquist, I; Melander, A; Sartor, G; Scherstén, B; Wåhlin-Boll, E, 1982)		0.26
" A wide interindividual variation in chlorpropamide levels was observed and thus, the prediction of drug concentration was difficult from the dosage alone, despite a statistically significant correlation between the dose per body weight and the serum drug level."( Chlorpropamide and glibenclamide serum concentrations in hospitalized patients.
Huupponen, R; Saarimaa, H; Viikari, J, 1982)		0.26
" Old age, maximum dosage of glibenclamide (15 mg/day) and multimorbidity were characteristic of these patients."( [Incidence of severe hypoglycemia in relation to metabolic control and patient knowledge].
Ratzmann, KP; Schimke, E, 1995)		0.29
" A third group of 5 dogs received glyburide alone in the same dosing regimen as in the combination group."( The pharmacologic basis of the cardiovascular toxicity of minoxidil in the dog.
DuCharme, DW; Higgins, MJ; Mesfin, GM; Robinson, FG; Zhong, WZ, )		0.41
"5 microM) had no significant effect on relaxation dose-response curves (DRCs) to ACh, NTG or NO."( Role of calcium-activated K+ channels in vasodilation induced by nitroglycerine, acetylcholine and nitric oxide.
Khan, SA; Mathews, WR; Meisheri, KD, 1993)		0.29
"Continuous nitroglycerin (NTG) administration causes pharmacologic tolerance in humans and animals, whereas intermittent dosing is capable of avoiding or reducing tolerance development."( Continuous versus intermittent nitroglycerin administration in experimental heart failure: vascular relaxation and radioligand binding to adrenoceptors and ion channels.
Bauer, JA; Fung, HL; Gopalakrishnan, M; Kwon, YW; Triggle, DJ; Zheng, W, 1993)		0.29
" Dose-response curves to PGE2, PGD2, and iloprost, a PGI2 analogue, were performed before and during KATP channel blockade with glibenclamide."( Evidence that prostaglandins I2, E2, and D2 may activate ATP sensitive potassium channels in the isolated rat heart.
Bouchard, JF; Dumont, E; Lamontagne, D, 1994)		0.29
"Pressor dose-response curves to endothelin 1 (0."( Vascular hyporesponsiveness to endothelin 1 in rats with cirrhosis.
Cailmail, S; Gaudin, C; Hartleb, M; Lebrec, D; Moreau, R, 1994)		0.29
") produced a significant rightward shift of the dose-response curve of morphine, levorphanol, methadone, pilocarpine, clonidine and tizanidine; a modest, but not statistically significant, rightward shift of the dose-response curves of the mu-selective peptides DAMGO ([D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin) and PL017 ([N-Me-Phe3,D-Pro4]-morphiceptin); and no shift of the dose-response curves of alfentanil, carfentanil, fentanyl, sufentanil, or beta-endorphin."( The 'glibenclamide-shift' of centrally-acting antinociceptive agents in mice.
Martinez, RP; Raffa, RB, 1995)		0.29
" Bladder activity and selectivity after oral dosing were studied in conscious, normotensive rats and dogs by monitoring cystometric and cardiovascular (CV) parameters."( ZENECA ZD6169: a novel KATP channel opener with in vivo selectivity for urinary bladder.
Do, ML; Empfield, JR; Halterman, TJ; Howe, BB; Ohnmacht, CJ; Pettinger, SJ; Russell, K; Stow, RB; Trainor, DA; Yochim, CL, 1995)		0.29
" Hydrochlorothiazide (10 microM) and cicletanine (10 microM) were weak calcium antagonists shifting the calcium dose-response curve half a log unit to the right."( Ion channel involvement in the acute vascular effects of thiazide diuretics and related compounds.
Calder, JA; Schachter, M; Sever, PS, 1993)		0.29
"A Leucodelphinidin derivative isolated from the bark of Ficus bengalensis Linn demonstrated hypoglycemic action at a dosage of 250 mg/kg given both in normal and alloxan diabetic rats."( Hypoglycemic effects of leucodelphinidin derivative isolated from Ficus bengalensis (Linn).
Augusti, KT; Geetha, BS; Mathew, BC, 1994)		0.29
" These differences support the need for careful dosage titration of glyburide to achieve a desired therapeutic response in patients with type II diabetes."( Comparison of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of short- and long-term glyburide therapy in NIDDM.
Antal, EJ; Jaber, LA; Slaughter, RL; Welshman, IR, 1994)		0.75
" The dose-response curve of the effects of levcromakalim on coronary perfusion pressure was shifted to the right in the presence of 20 nM to 1 microM glibenclamide."( The sensitivity of coronary vascular tone to glibenclamide: a study on the isolated perfused guinea pig heart.
Cyrys, S; Daut, J, 1994)		0.29
" In the beta cell of aged rats, the following abnormalities were found: (a) right shift of the dose-response curve (depressed sensitivity) of glucose-induced insulin release, (b) no increase of the maximum response to glucose in the face of increased insulin content of the islets (reduced responsiveness), (c) no response to forskolin and normal response to the phorbol ester and glyburide, and (d) increased sensitivity to nifedipine."( Insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta cell of aged rats.
Aizawa, T; Hashizume, K; Ishihara, F; Komatsu, M; Nishii, N; Sato, Y; Suzuki, N; Yamada, T, 1994)		0.46
" In this article, the authors compare the effectiveness of dosing glyburide at bedtime versus in the morning on glycemic control in patients with NIDDM under suboptimal control."( Bedtime dosing of glyburide and the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.
Bustamante, MA; Hennessey, JV; Markert, RJ; McDonald, SD; Teter, ML, 1994)		0.86
" Although glibenclamide is a functional antagonist that acts at the level of an effector rather than at a receptor, it caused parallel rightward shifts of agonist dose-response curves."( Glibenclamide reduces the coronary vasoactivity of adenosine receptor agonists.
Niiya, K; Olsson, RA; Tsuji, T; Uchida, S, 1994)		0.29
" The dosages of glyburide were titrated to achieve specified therapeutic goals based upon serum glucose concentrations or to a maximum dosage of 20 mg per day."( The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 12 weeks of glyburide therapy in obese diabetics.
Antal, EJ; Jaber, LA; Slaughter, RL; Welshman, IR, 1993)		0.88
" The long half-life adds support to the use of a once-daily dosage of glyburide."( Slow elimination of glyburide in NIDDM subjects.
Ekberg, G; Hallengren, B; Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T, 1994)		0.85
"1 ml), and dose-response curves to levcromakalim (a KATP channel opener) or isoproterenol were constructed."( Role of potassium channels in hypoxic relaxation of porcine bronchi in vitro.
Croxton, TL; Fernandes, LB; Hirshman, CA; Lindeman, KS, 1994)		0.29
" In three of the five patients treated with deferoxamine, the level of serum ferritin was normalized, but no patient had an appreciable change in dosage of medication for diabetes or glycemic control."( Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and elevated serum ferritin level.
Guay, AT; Kaye, TB; Simonson, DC, )		0.13
" A dose-response relationship revealed that I5-HT was activated with an ED50 of 30 nM."( Whole-cell recordings of inwardly rectifying K+ currents activated by 5-HT1A receptors on dorsal raphe neurones of the adult rat.
Fox, AP; Kelly, JS; Penington, NJ, 1993)		0.29
"The appropriate use of second-generation oral hypoglycemic agents is limited by the lack of definitive guidelines for their use in elderly diabetic patients and controversy over relative dosing equivalence."( Conversion from glipizide to glyburide: long-term follow-up of a cost-impact survey focusing on the elderly.
Alexis, G; Henault, R; Sparr, HB, )		0.42
"A patient with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who had previously developed secondary failure while taking a maximal dosage of glipizide was switched to glyburide 5 mg/d."( Inappropriate use of high-dose glyburide to treat uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Cook, DD; Ewing, RC; Rae, CE, 1993)		0.77
" In SHR cells, the maximal slope conductance of the levcromakalim-evoked current, normalized by cell capacitance, was decreased, and the dose-response curve was shifted to the right compared with WKY cells."( Impaired action of levcromakalim on ATP-sensitive K+ channels in mesenteric artery cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Abe, I; Fujii, K; Fujishima, M; Nagao, T; Ohya, Y; Setoguchi, M, 1996)		0.29
"05) rightward shift of the dose-response curve for the depressor effects of adenosine (ED50 = 13."( The involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and adenosine in the regulation of coronary flow in the isolated perfused rat heart.
Randall, MD, 1995)		0.29
"To determine the influence of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide after acute and chronic dosing in young and elderly subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in young and elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Antal, EJ; Jaber, LA; Welshman, IR, 1996)		0.79
" Observed pharmacodynamic differences indicate the necessity for dosage titration to a specified therapeutic response regardless of patient age."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in young and elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Antal, EJ; Jaber, LA; Welshman, IR, 1996)		0.56
" Therefore, it is apparent that the addition of glibenclamide to insulin reduces daily insulin dosage and renders a greater uniformity to diurnal blood glucose control, most probably secondary to enhancement of insulin sensitivity."( More uniform diurnal blood glucose control and a reduction in daily insulin dosage on addition of glibenclamide to insulin in type 1 diabetes mellitus: role of enhanced insulin sensitivity.
Birkenholz, M; Kabadi, M; Kabadi, UM; McCoy, S, 1995)		0.29
" The long-term follow-up (457 patients) confirmed that glimepiride (1-8 mg) once daily provides equivalent metabolic control to a higher dosage (2."( Long-term treatment of type 2 diabetic patients with the new oral antidiabetic agent glimepiride (Amaryl): a double-blind comparison with glibenclamide.
Draeger, KE; Lomp, HJ; Rosskamp, R; Schüler, E; Wernicke-Panten, K, 1996)		0.29
"Studies were undertaken to establish the regional hemodynamic profile and dose-response relation of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent potassium channel activator lemakalim in anesthetized rats."( Regional hemodynamic dose-response of lemakalim and glybenclamide in anesthetized rats.
Cox, BF; Perrone, MH; Smits, GJ, 1997)		0.3
" After preconstriction with the thromboxane analog, U46619 (9,11-dideoxy-11 alpha, 9 alpha-epoxymethano-prostaglandin F2 alpha), the pulmonary vascular dose-response relationship for the k+ATP agonist lemakalim was assessed in the conscious and halothane-anesthetized states and also in the conscious and enflurane-anesthetized states."( Halothane and enflurane attenuate pulmonary vasodilation mediated by adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels compared to the conscious state.
Murray, PA; Nakayama, M; Sato, K; Seki, S, 1997)		0.3
"05) in the lemakalim dose-response relationship."( Halothane and enflurane attenuate pulmonary vasodilation mediated by adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels compared to the conscious state.
Murray, PA; Nakayama, M; Sato, K; Seki, S, 1997)		0.3
" On day 3, multiple dosing on 3 mg glyburide daily began."( Pharmacokinetics of oral glyburide in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and renal failure.
Aronoff, GR; Bays, H; Brier, ME; Sloan, R; Stalker, DJ; Welshman, I, 1997)		0.88
" Moreover adding a bed-time dosage to the standard administration at meal times seems to be an effective therapeutical strategy."( Meformin, plasma glucose and free fatty acids in type II diabetic out-patients: results of a clinical study.
Ambrosi, F; Filipponi, P; Gregorio, F; Manfrini, S; Santucci, A, 1997)		0.3
" Lemakalim dose-response curves were also generated in rings pretreated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME); the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin; or the K+(ATP) channel antagonist, glybenclamide."( Halothane attenuates endothelium-dependent pulmonary vasorelaxant response to lemakalim, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channel agonist.
Horibe, M; Murray, PA; Seki, S, 1997)		0.3
" Defibrillation thresholds were determined from a total of 180 fibrillation and defibrillation sequences, conducted in each preparation, and the results were fitted to a sigmoid dose-response curve by logistic regression analysis."( Reducing electrical defibrillation thresholds with glibenclamide in an isolated rabbit heart preparation.
Holley, LK; Xiao, XH, 1997)		0.3
" Recognizing patients who may require dosage changes, and educating them on the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, may help prevent hospitalizations resulting from this complication associated with glyburide."( Prolonged hypoglycemic crisis associated with glyburide.
Maxa, J; Ogu, CC; Sills, MN, )		0.58
" Therefore, for the improvement of the compliance of the patients, the development of a transdermal dosage form of sulfonylureas was attempted in this study."( [Trial for transdermal administration of sulfonylureas].
Furuya, K; Iwata, M; Machida, Y; Onishi, H; Shirotake, S; Takahashi, Y, 1997)		0.3
" To determine the responsiveness of coronary resistance vessels to KATP stimulation and NO, dose-response curves (DRC) for KATP opener, pinacidil-, and NO-donor, 3-morpholino-syndomine-hydrochloride (SIN-1)-induced increase in coronary flow were constructed, respectively."( Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthesis and ischemia/reperfusion attenuate coronary vasodilator response to pinacidil in isolated rat heart.
Beresewicz, A; Maczewski, M, 1997)		0.3
" However, the inhibition of the combined CPA and CCh response was reduced and the dose-response curve of SIN-1 shifted to the right."( Involvement of intracellular Ca2+ stores in inhibitory effects of NO donor SIN-1 and cGMP.
Allescher, HD; Franck, H; Puschmann, A; Schusdziarra, V; Storr, M, 1998)		0.3
"Glibenclamide in combination with Kelening in the treatment of NIDDM is more effective and less toxic, and the combination may reduce the dosage of glibenclamide in NIDDM."( [Clinical study of glibenclamide in combination with kelening treatment in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus].
Zhou, P, 1997)		0.3
" HPMC increased the solubilising effect of cyclodextrins and, therefore, the amount of cyclodextrin needed in the solid dosage form was significantly reduced by their co-administration."( Co-administration of a water-soluble polymer increases the usefulness of cyclodextrins in solid oral dosage forms.
Jarho, P; Järvinen, K; Järvinen, T; Loftsson, T; Savolainen, J; Taipale, H, 1998)		0.3
" Dose-response relationships to the KATP channel agonist nicorandil were established in each dog using doses (25, 50, and 100 microg/min) previously shown to increase coronary collateral blood flow."( Sevoflurane selectively increases coronary collateral blood flow independent of KATP channels in vivo.
Hettrick, DA; Kersten, JR; Pagel, PS; Schmeling, T; Tessmer, J; Warltier, DC, 1999)		0.3
" Glibenclamide enhanced spontaneous alternation performance in an inverted-U dose-response manner."( ATP-sensitive potassium channel blockade enhances spontaneous alternation performance in the rat: a potential mechanism for glucose-mediated memory enhancement.
Gold, PE; Nicholson, GM; Stefani, MR, 1999)		0.3
" The initial dosage of glibenclamide was 5 mg/day taken half an hour before meal; this was increased to 5 mg per week and was adjusted according to the patient's tolerance to the drug and their glycemic control."( The effects of glibenclamide on serum lipids and lipoproteins in type II non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Aamir, K; Ali, M; Jan, M; Maheri, WM; Mughal, MA, 1999)		0.3
" The bell-shaped dose-response relationship for ZD6169 activation of I(K(ATP)) has also been seen in bladder myocytes, albeit at a lower concentration, and it has been proposed to contribute to the reported lack of in vivo cardiovascular side effects."( The effects of ZD6169 on the ATP-dependent K(+) current (I(K)(ATP)) in isolated cat ventricular myocytes.
Jow, B; Numann, R, 1999)		0.3
" It was successfully applied to the analysis of clinical samples from patients dosed with glyburide."( Application of liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the quantitative analysis of glyburide (glibenclamide) in human plasma.
Bakhtiar, R; Ramos, L; Tse, F, 1999)		0.73
" Thus, the age-related dissolution problems of GB can be overcome by utilizing the GB/CD complex in the tablet dosage form."( Effect of aging on the dissolution stability of glibenclamide/beta-cyclodextrin complex.
Babu, RJ; Pandit, JK, 1999)		0.3
" Diazoxide (2 microg/mouse) shifted morphine's dose-response curve 47-fold, while levcromakalim (0."( ATP-gated K(+) channel openers enhance opioid antinociception: indirect evidence for the release of endogenous opioid peptides.
Lohmann, AB; Welch, SP, 1999)		0.3
" Patients were randomly assigned to sulphonylurea increased up to its maximum dosage (1st group) or to addition of metformin (2nd group)."( Poorly controlled elderly Type 2 diabetic patients: the effects of increasing sulphonylurea dosages or adding metformin.
Ambrosi, F; Carle, F; Filipponi, P; Gregorio, F; Manfrini, S; Merante, D; Testa, R; Velussi, M, 1999)		0.3
" It seems appropriate to employ the same dosage principles when using Gb in Caucasians and Chinese."( Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of intravenous glibenclamide in Caucasian and Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes.
Chan, JC; Cockram, CS; Critchley, JA; Hallengren, B; Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T; Vaaler, S, 2000)		0.31
" These symptoms are usually dose dependent, mild to moderate in severity, occur at the onset of treatment, decline with time and resolve promptly on discontinuation of the drug or with dosage adjustment."( Miglitol: a review of its therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Scott, LJ; Spencer, CM, 2000)		0.31
" Competition experiments showed that taurine shifted the dose-response inhibition curve of glybenclamide to the left on the log-dose axis without significantly affecting those of ATP or Ca(2+) ion."( Taurine blocks ATP-sensitive potassium channels of rat skeletal muscle fibres interfering with the sulphonylurea receptor.
Barbieri, M; Camerino, DC; Tricarico, D, 2000)		0.31
" In isolated pulmonary arterial rings, 4-AP increased resting tension and caused a leftward shift in the KCl dose-response curve."( K(+) channel inhibition, calcium signaling, and vasomotor tone in canine pulmonary artery smooth muscle.
Damron, DS; Doi, S; Horibe, M; Murray, PA; Ogawa, K; Tanaka, S, 2000)		0.31
" Estimated interstitial adenosine concentration with glibenclamide was not different from control vehicle and was well below the level necessary to overcome the 10-fold shift in the adenosine dose-response curve due to glibenclamide."( Role of K(ATP)(+) channels and adenosine in the control of coronary blood flow during exercise.
Feigl, EO; Gorman, MW; Richmond, KN; Tune, JD, 2000)		0.31
" It is thus appropriate to consider dosing it less frequently."( Efficacy and safety of single versus multiple daily doses of glibenclamide in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Ismail, RB; Mafauzy, M; Tun Fizi, A; Wan Mohamad, WB, 2000)		0.31
" For the evaluation of Cushing's syndrome, all potential sources and doses of corticosteroids, as well as the patient's compliance with dosing instructions, must be examined."( Cushing's syndrome from Klack's solution.
Lankford, HV, )		0.13
" It appears that the same dosage principles could be used for Caucasian and Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes when Gb or Gz are prescribed."( Effects and pharmacokinetics of oral glibenclamide and glipizide in Caucasian and Chinese patients with type-2 diabetes.
Chan, JC; Cockram, CS; Critchley, JA; Hallengren, B; Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T; Vaaler, S, 2000)		0.31
" We investigated The enhancing effect of switching iontophoresis on the transdermal absorption and reduction of skin irritation to develop a transdermal dosage form of GLI."( [Enhancing effect of switching iontophoresis on transdermal absorption of glibenclamide].
Iwata, M; Machida, Y; Takahashi, Y, 2001)		0.31
"To compare prescribing, dosage and blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes in two communities with differences in anti-hyperglycaemic drug utilization."( Differences in pharmacotherapy and in glucose control of type 2 diabetes patients in two neighbouring towns: a longitudinal population-based study.
Gottsäter, M; Lindberg, G; Lindwall, K; Melander, A; Olsson, J; Tisell, A, 2001)		0.31
" However, there were pronounced between-town differences in dosage and glucose control."( Differences in pharmacotherapy and in glucose control of type 2 diabetes patients in two neighbouring towns: a longitudinal population-based study.
Gottsäter, M; Lindberg, G; Lindwall, K; Melander, A; Olsson, J; Tisell, A, 2001)		0.31
" The dose-response curve of insulin secretion showed a markedly reduced maximum response, but almost normal glucose sensitivity in NSY islets."( Insulin secretion to glucose as well as nonglucose stimuli is impaired in spontaneously diabetic Nagoya-Shibata-Yasuda mice.
Babaya, N; Hamada, Y; Ikegami, H; Kawaguchi, Y; Nojima, K; Ogihara, T; Shibata, M; Ueda, H; Yamada, K; Yamato, E, 2001)		0.31
" The effect was more pronounced in patients on a low Gb dose, either because of less impaired beta-cells in those receiving low doses, or due to reduced sulphonylurea sensitivity in those on high dosage (down-regulation)."( Effects and serum levels of glibenclamide and its active metabolites in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Hallengren, B; Jönsson, A; Melander, A; Rydberg, T, 2001)		0.31
" Dose-response curves were recorded by means of an video-electronic arteriograph system."( Human chorionic gonadotropin attenuates the vascular response to angiotensin II.
Hermsteiner, M; Künzel, W; Zoltan, DR, 2002)		0.31
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dosage strengths of a single-tablet metformin-glibenclamide (glyburide) combination, compared with the respective monotherapies, in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) inadequately controlled by metformin monotherapy."( Improved glycaemic control with metformin-glibenclamide combined tablet therapy (Glucovance) in Type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled on metformin.
Allavoine, T; Howlett, H; Lehert, P; Marre, M, 2002)		0.53
" After Ramadan, patients resumed their regular meal pattern and treatment dosage for 4 weeks."( Repaglinide versus glibenclamide treatment of Type 2 diabetes during Ramadan fasting.
Mafauzy, M, 2002)		0.31
" Glibenclamide caused a downward displacement of the isoflurane dose-response curve, reducing isoflurane-mediated dilation by an average of 36%."( Isoflurane-induced dilation of porcine coronary microvessels is endothelium dependent and inhibited by glibenclamide.
Cason, BA; Gamperl, AK; Hein, TW; Kuo, L, 2002)		0.31
" Dose-response relationships of both blockers follow a simple Michaelis-Menten function with K(d) values that differ by three orders of magnitude."( Probing an open CFTR pore with organic anion blockers.
Hu, S; Hwang, TC; Zhou, Z, 2002)		0.31
"In this study, we determined whether repeated brief isoflurane (Iso) anesthesia induces ischemic tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in a dose-response manner and whether the effect is dependent on adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels."( Preconditioning with isoflurane produces dose-dependent neuroprotection via activation of adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels after focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
Hou, L; Lu, Z; Wu, M; Xiong, L; Zhang, X; Zheng, Y; Zhu, Z, 2003)		0.32
" In conclusion, combination treatment with metformin and sulfonylurea is more effective than these drugs alone in improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, while also allowing a reduction of the dosage of each drug."( Combination treatment with metformin and glibenclamide versus single-drug therapies in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blind, comparative study.
Brun, E; Coppini, A; Gori, M; Moghetti, P; Muggeo, M; Perobelli, L; Spiazzi, G; Tosi, F; Zanolin, E, 2003)		0.32
" The objective was to compare glucose, insulin and C-peptide 24 h profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after dosing with nateglinide (given preprandially before three test meals), glibenclamide (administered once before breakfast) or placebo (given before three test meals)."( A placebo-controlled crossover study comparing the effects of nateglinide and glibenclamide on postprandial hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Anderson, DM; Barnett, AH; Morgan, R; Owens, DR; Shelley, S, 2004)		0.32
" Dosing followed a six-sequence balanced, two 3 x 3-replicated Latin square."( A placebo-controlled crossover study comparing the effects of nateglinide and glibenclamide on postprandial hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Anderson, DM; Barnett, AH; Morgan, R; Owens, DR; Shelley, S, 2004)		0.32
"This review examines the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, drug-interaction potential, adverse effects, and dosing guidelines for metformin hydrochloride, a biguanide agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes."( Metformin hydrochloride in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a clinical review with a focus on dual therapy.
Campbell, RK; Iltz, JL; Setter, SM; Thams, J, 2003)		0.32
"Following an open-label, lead-in phase to optimize the dosing of glyburide/metformin tablets, 365 patients randomly received additive therapy comprising rosiglitazone (4 mg once daily) or placebo for 24 weeks."( Glycemic control with glyburide/metformin tablets in combination with rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind trial.
Bruce, S; Dailey, GE; Fiedorek, FT; Noor, MA; Park, JS, 2004)		0.88
" Eighty-eight patients were randomly assigned to receive repaglinide and 87 patients to glyburide, with a titration period of 6 to 8 weeks for optimization of drug dosage and a subsequent 12-month treatment period."( Regression of carotid atherosclerosis by control of postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Esposito, K; Giugliano, D; Marfella, R; Nappo, F, 2004)		0.55
"A systematic analysis of the influence of different proportions of excipients on the stability of a solid dosage form was carried out."( Optimization of glibenclamide tablet composition through the combined use of differential scanning calorimetry and D-optimal mixture experimental design.
Cirri, M; Furlanetto, S; Maestrelli, F; Marras, AM; Mura, P; Pinzauti, S, 2005)		0.33
" The simultaneous determination of these analytes is important for the routine monitoring of diabetic patients who take combination medications and for studying the pharmacokinetics of the combined dosage forms."( The development and validation of liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of metformin and glipizide, gliclazide, glibenclamide or glimperide in plasma.
Aburuz, S; McElnay, J; Millership, J, 2005)		0.33
" The dose-response effect of gliclazide and glibenclamide on ischaemic preconditioning and the action of glibenclamide on signal transduction in human myocardium were investigated using right atrial appendages from cardiac surgery patients."( The effect of gliclazide and glibenclamide on preconditioning of the human myocardium.
Fowler, A; Galiñanes, M; Loubani, M; Standen, NB, 2005)		0.33
" Dose-response curves were produced with the thromboxane-mimetics U46619 and U44069 (10(-10)-2 x 10(-6)M), arginine vasopressin (10(-10)-5 x 10(-8)M) and endothelin-1 (10(-11)-3 x 10(-7)M) in the presence or absence of 50 micromol l(-1) glibenclamide."( Glibenclamide inhibits agonist-induced vasoconstriction of placental chorionic plate arteries.
Baker, PN; Fyfe, GK; Greenwood, SL; Taggart, MJ; Wareing, M, )		0.13
"Pre-incubation with 50 micromol l(-1) glibenclamide significantly right-shifted dose-response curves to all vasoconstrictive agonists tested (repeated measures ANOVA)."( Glibenclamide inhibits agonist-induced vasoconstriction of placental chorionic plate arteries.
Baker, PN; Fyfe, GK; Greenwood, SL; Taggart, MJ; Wareing, M, )		0.13
" In a separate study, five women were given a daily dosage (5 mg/day) of glyburide or glipizide, starting on the first postpartum day."( Transfer of glyburide and glipizide into breast milk.
Ambrose, PJ; Briggs, GG; Donat, DJ; Feig, DS; Klein, J; Koren, G; Kraemer, JM; Moskovitz, DN; Nageotte, M; Padilla, G; Wan, S, 2005)		0.94
" Blood glucose reductions at 2 hours after dosing were 41."( CYP2C9, but not CYP2C19, polymorphisms affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in Chinese subjects.
Chow, MS; Tomlinson, B; Yin, OQ, 2005)		0.55
" Further studies in diabetic patients with long-term dosing are warranted to confirm these findings."( CYP2C9, but not CYP2C19, polymorphisms affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide in Chinese subjects.
Chow, MS; Tomlinson, B; Yin, OQ, 2005)		0.55
" The objective of the DIACOM (effect of DosIng frequency of oral Antidiabetic agents on the COMpliance and biochemical control of type 2 diabetes) study was to compare the compliance of patients treated with once-daily (od) or twice-daily (bid) sulphonylureas."( The DIACOM study (effect of DosIng frequency of oral Antidiabetic agents on the COMpliance and biochemical control of type 2 diabetes).
Kardas, P, 2005)		0.33
" Incubation with CGRP8-37 (10(-6) M) specifically during the 90-minute desensitization period with nitroglycerin resulted in even greater impairment in the response to nitroglycerin in tolerant rings, even though the calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonist had been washed out before completion of the nitroglycerin dose-response curve."( Nitroglycerin-induced release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from sensory nerves attenuates the development of nitrate tolerance.
Ghatta, S; O'Rourke, ST, 2006)		0.33
" For therapeutic study, test articles were orally dosed once a day from 21 d after STZ-dosing at 100, 200 and 500 mg/kg/5 ml dosage levels for 4 weeks."( Anti-diabetic activity of SMK001, a poly herbal formula in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats: therapeutic study.
Choi, HS; Choi, HY; Kang, SM; Kim, JD; Ku, SK; Seo, BI, 2006)		0.33
" In Group MNG, the dose-response curve shifted back to the right and the ED50 for inducing paraparesis was 11."( Intrathecal nicorandil and small-dose morphine can induce spastic paraparesis after a noninjurious interval of spinal cord ischemia in the rat.
Fuchigami, T; Kakinohana, M; Murata, K; Nakamura, S; Sugahara, K, 2006)		0.33
"The combination of olmesartan with glibenclamide did not influence the bioequivalence of the area under the plasma-concentration time curve at steady state during one dosing interval 0 to tau = 24 hours (AUCss,tau) or the maximum steady-state concentration (Css,max) of both substances."( Pharmacokinetics and safety of olmesartan medoxomil in combination with glibenclamide in healthy volunteers.
Bolbrinker, J; Huber, M; Kreutz, R, 2006)		0.33
"The effects of tramadol (racemic, R(-) and S(+): 10(-6), 10(-5), 5 x 10(-5) M), and glibenclamide on the levcromakalim dose-response curve were assessed in aortic rings that had been pre-contracted with phenylephrine."( Inhibitory effect of tramadol on vasorelaxation mediated by ATP-sensitive K+ channels in rat aorta.
Chang, KC; Cho, HC; Chung, YK; Lee, HK; Lee, JW; Park, KE; Shin, IW; Sohn, JT, 2007)		0.34
" Dosing of glyburide three times daily was critical for her successful transition."( Transition from insulin to glyburide in a 4-month-old girl with neonatal diabetes mellitus caused by a mutation in KCNJ11.
Chan, YM; Laffel, LM, 2007)		1.03
" Treatment was the combined administration of glibenclamide and metformin dosed to obtain a reduction of glucose levels."( Increased hematocrit and reduced blood pressure following control of glycemia in diabetes.
Cabrales, P; Díaz, JS; Intaglietta, M; Negrete, AC; Salazar Vázquez, BY; Salazar Vázquez, MA; Venzor, VC, 2008)		0.35
" However, glibenclamide, regardless of the dosage schedule, tends to lower the plasma glucose values between midnight and early morning."( Daily blood glucose profiles of glibenclamide and gliclazide taken once or twice daily in elderly type 2 diabetic patients.
Futami-Suda, S; Kigawa, Y; Nakano, H; Norose, J; Oba, K; Ouchi, M; Suzuki, K; Suzuki, T; Watanabe, K; Yasuoka, H, 2008)		0.35
" Blood glucose levels were significantly lower than those observed after dosing with glyburide alone."( Elucidating rifampin's inducing and inhibiting effects on glyburide pharmacokinetics and blood glucose in healthy volunteers: unmasking the differential effects of enzyme induction and transporter inhibition for a drug and its primary metabolite.
Benet, LZ; Frassetto, LA; Huang, Y; Zheng, HX, 2009)		0.82
" Dosage was increased to a maximum of four pills in order to reach the glycemic control goals (fasting glucose ( Efficacy of glimepiride/metformin combination versus glibenclamide/metformin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Aguilar-Salinas, C; Arechavaleta-Granell, R; Beltrán-Jaramillo, TJ; González-Canudas, J; González-Ortiz, M; Guerrero-Romero, JF; Islas-Andrade, S; Martínez-Abundis, E; Metha, R; Ramos-Zavala, MG; Revilla-Monsalve, C; Rodríguez-Morán, M; Violante-Ortiz, R; Wacher-Rodarte, N; Zavala-Suárez, E, )		0.13
" Subsequently, the effects of a 1-week chronic daily dosing of DPP-IV inhibitors and sulfonylureas were investigated."( Antidiabetic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors and sulfonylureas in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced mildly diabetic mice.
Hayakawa, M; Matsuyama-Yokono, A; Nakano, R; Shibasaki, M; Shiraki, K; Someya, Y; Tahara, A, 2009)		0.35
" Women with GDM in whom glyburide treatment has failed may benefit from alternative medication or dosage escalation; however, fetal safety should be kept in mind."( Are we optimizing gestational diabetes treatment with glyburide? The pharmacologic basis for better clinical practice.
Ahmed, MS; Blough, D; Caritis, SN; Carr, DB; Cobelli, C; Easterling, TR; Hankins, GD; Hebert, MF; Kelly, EJ; Krudys, KM; Ma, X; Mattison, DR; Miodovnik, M; Naraharisetti, SB; Snodgrass, WR; Umans, JG; Unadkat, JD; Vicini, P, 2009)		0.91
" In a nonrandomized, single-sequence study (study II), participants (n = 24 completed) received a single 5-mg dose of the sulfonylurea glyburide, alone and after 8 days of dosing with alogliptin 25 mg qd."( Coadministration of pioglitazone or glyburide and alogliptin: pharmacokinetic drug interaction assessment in healthy participants.
Fleck, P; Karim, A; Laurent, A; Mekki, Q; Munsaka, M; Wann, E, 2009)		0.83
" The buccoadhesive gels could possibly be a means for alternative dosage form in avoiding first pass metabolism and ensuring enhanced bioavailability for glibenclamide."( Buccoadhesive gels of glibenclamide: a means for achieving enhanced bioavailability.
Pathak, K; Philip, AK; Srivastava, M, 2009)		0.35
"3 x 10(-3) mol/L) produced a significant rightward shift in the phenylephrine dose-response curve, but had no effects on the potassium chloride-induced contraction."( Relaxant effects of matrine on aortic smooth muscles of guinea pigs.
Dai, GD; Fu, XY; Yan, L; Zheng, J; Zheng, P; Zhou, R; Zhou, X, 2009)		0.35
" Levcromakalim produced concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on myometrial spontaneity and relaxant effect and the dose-response curve (DRC) was shifted towards right in the presence of glybenclamaide."( Cellular coupling of potassium channels with beta2 adrenoceptors in mediating myometrial relaxation in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).
Choudhury, S; Garg, SK; Mishra, SK; Singh, TU, 2010)		0.36
" Three dosage groups were examined: glyburide 5 mg twice daily increased to 10 mg twice daily (GLYB), glipizide 5 mg twice daily increased to 10 mg twice daily (GLIPA), and glipizide 10 mg twice daily increased to 20 mg twice daily (GLIPB)."( Effect of sulfonylurea dose escalation on hemoglobin A1c in Veterans Affairs patients with type 2 diabetes.
Bartley, EP; Hurren, KM; O'Neill, JL; Ronis, DL, 2013)		0.66
" However, this was not seen as clinically relevant due to the absence of a reliable dose-response relationship and the known large pharmacokinetic interindividual variability of glyburide."( Assessment of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the novel DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin and a sulfonylurea, glyburide, in healthy subjects.
Graefe-Mody, U; Iovino, M; Ring, A; Rose, P; Woerle, HJ; Zander, K, 2011)		0.77
"An adequate drug dissolution behavior is essential for the therapeutic effectiveness of all solid dosage forms."( New solid self-microemulsifying systems to enhance dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drugs.
Cirri, M; Mennini, N; Mura, P; Valleri, M, )		0.13
" Thus, the proposed method is simple and suitable for the simultaneous analysis of active ingredients in dosage forms and human serum."( Simultaneous determination of gliquidone, pioglitazone hydrochloride, and verapamil in formulation and human serum by RP-HPLC.
Arayne, MS; Mirza, AZ; Sultana, N, 2011)		0.37
" In each case, the dose-response curve for N(2)O was progressively shifted to the right by increasing the dose of each pretreatment drug."( Involvement of a NO-cyclic GMP-PKG signaling pathway in nitrous oxide-induced antinociception in mice.
Chung, E; Ohgami, Y; Quock, LP; Quock, RM; Zhang, Y, 2011)		0.37
" In resistance vessels, venous occlusion plethysmography was used to measure the dilator response to acetylcholine (ACh) [area under ACh dose-response curve (ACh AUC)]."( Postconditioning protects against human endothelial ischaemia-reperfusion injury via subtype-specific KATP channel activation and is mimicked by inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore.
Bhavsar, DD; Charakida, M; Deanfield, JE; Loukogeorgakis, SP; MacAllister, RJ; Okorie, MI; Ridout, D, 2011)		0.37
"To (a) identify whether hemoglobin A1c remained equivalent in patients converted from glyburide to glipizide, (b) evaluate the prevalence of hypoglycemia during treatment with glyburide or glipizide, (c) compare change in glycemic control for renally impaired versus nonimpaired patients, and (d) analyze dosage conversion ratios selected by providers and measures of patient follow-up after conversion including time until A1c measurement and number of glipizide dose titrations."( Glycemic control and hypoglycemia in Veterans Health Administration patients converted from glyburide to glipizide.
Cantrell, M; Egge, JA; Shaw, RF; Skoff, RA; Waterbury, NV, 2011)		0.81
"The aim of this study was to investigate the use of liquisolid technique in improving the dissolution of glyburide in a solid dosage form."( Influence of formulation parameters on dissolution rate enhancement of glyburide using liquisolid technique.
Gaikwad, NB; Gowthamarajan, K; Prakash, D; Singare, DS; Singh, SK; Srinivasan, KK, 2012)		0.83
"Over the last decades the poor solubility of new drugs has become an important issue, with one of the main challenges being to develop oral dosage forms with acceptable bioavailability for such compounds."( Application of a ternary HP-β-CD-complex approach to improve the dissolution performance of a poorly soluble weak acid under biorelevant conditions.
Dressman, JB; Klein, S; Zoeller, T, 2012)		0.38
" Three groups of diabetic animals were orally administered daily with seed extract (SME) at a dosage of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW."( Antioxidative and hypolipidemic efficacy of alcoholic seed extract of Swietenia macrophylla in streptozotocin diabetic rats.
Kalpana, K; Pugalendi, KV, 2011)		0.37
" These developed calcium alginate/gum Arabic beads containing glibenclamide could possibly be advantageous in terms of advanced patient compliance with reduced dosing interval."( Calcium alginate/gum Arabic beads containing glibenclamide: development and in vitro characterization.
Das, B; Maji, R; Nayak, AK, 2012)		0.38
" These changes could enhance drug efficacy, but could also make drug accumulation to increase adverse effects, so it was suggested that the dosage should be adjusted or the drug concentration in plasma should be monitored if glibenclamide and puerarin were co-administered."( Determination of glibenclamide and puerarin in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS: application to their pharmacokinetic interaction study.
Deng, Y; Li, F; Li, N; Qiao, Y; Wang, D, 2013)		0.39
"Despite widespread use of glyburide to treat pregnancy-related hyperglycemia, the dosing regimen is based in large part on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in men and nonpregnant women."( A pharmacologic approach to the use of glyburide in pregnancy.
Caritis, SN; Hebert, MF, 2013)		0.96
" We propose this expanded PBPK model can be used to evaluate different dosing scenarios, during pregnancy, of drugs cleared by single or multiple CYP enzymes."( Expansion of a PBPK model to predict disposition in pregnant women of drugs cleared via multiple CYP enzymes, including CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.
Ke, AB; Nallani, SC; Rostami-Hodjegan, A; Unadkat, JD; Zhao, P, 2014)		0.4
" Co-administration of topiramate decreased systemic exposure of glyburide and its active metabolites; combined treatment may require dosing adjustments of glyburide as per clinical judgment and glycemic control."( An open-label drug-drug interaction study of the steady-state pharmacokinetics of topiramate and glyburide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Curtin, CR; Ford, L; Heald, DL; Manitpisitkul, P; Shalayda, K; Wang, SS, 2013)		0.85
"To evaluate the antidiabetic drug dosage differences between geriatric and nongeriatric diabetics with reference to duration of disease and creatinine clearance (Crcl)."( Do geriatrics require dose titration for antidiabetic agents?
Adhikari, P; Chowta, M; Kamath, A; Pai, MR; Shastry, R; Ullal, S, )		0.13
" Glycaemia values returned to normality only after suspension of escitalopram, despite antidiabetic dosage increase."( A case report on escitalopram-induced hyperglycaemia in a diabetic patient.
Brasesco, PC; Fucile, C; Leone, S; Martelli, A; Mattioli, F; Milano, G; Zuccoli, ML, 2013)		0.39
" In this article, we review the efficacy, safety, and dosage of oral hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus."( Gestational diabetes mellitus management with oral hypoglycemic agents.
Hays, KE; Hebert, MF; Ryu, RJ, 2014)		0.4
"Dissolution testing is a performance test for many dosage forms including tablets and capsules."( Simulation of in vitro dissolution behavior using DDDPlus™.
Almukainzi, M; Löbenberg, R; Okumu, A; Wei, H, 2015)		0.42
" Drug-CD complexation process is complex and often requires multiple processes to produce solid dosage form."( Evaluation of various processes for simultaneous complexation and granulation to incorporate drug-cyclodextrin complexes into solid dosage forms.
Betageri, GV; Gyanani, V; Siddalingappa, B, 2015)		0.42
"Our study results showed that oral administration of swertiamarin at a dosage of 15, 25, 50 mg/kg bw for 28 days resulted in a significant (p < 0."( Immunohistochemistry, histopathology, and biomarker studies of swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside, prevents and protects streptozotocin-induced β-cell damage in Wistar rat pancreas.
Dhanavathy, G, 2015)		0.42
"A fast capillary zone electrophoresis method for the simultaneous analysis of glibenclamide and its impurities (I(A) and I(B)) in pharmaceutical dosage forms was fully developed within a quality by design framework."( Fast analysis of glibenclamide and its impurities: quality by design framework in capillary electrophoresis method development.
Caprini, C; Furlanetto, S; Mura, P; Orlandini, S; Pasquini, B; Pinzauti, S, 2015)		0.42
"The aim of this study was to determine the impact of initial glyburide dosing on pregnancy outcomes."( Examining the Starting Dose of Glyburide in Gestational Diabetes.
Biggio, JR; Glover, AV; Harper, LM; Tita, A, 2016)		0.96
"The objective of this study was to determine if there is a dose-response relationship between sulfonylureas and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)."( Dose-response relationship between sulfonylureas and major adverse cardiovascular events in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
Abdelmoneim, AS; Eurich, DT; Qiu, W; Senthilselvan, A; Simpson, SH, 2016)		0.43
"Among new users of sulfonylureas, there appears to be a dose-response relationship between glyburide and MACE, but not for gliclazide."( Dose-response relationship between sulfonylureas and major adverse cardiovascular events in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.
Abdelmoneim, AS; Eurich, DT; Qiu, W; Senthilselvan, A; Simpson, SH, 2016)		0.65
" In areas of limited resources where the self-monitoring needed for accurate insulin dosing is not possible, where access to refrigeration for insulin storage is not universal, or severe needle phobia then the benefits of glyburide (controlling hyperglycemia) outweighs the harm of NICU admissions and macrosomia."( Pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of glyburide for treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Davis, SN; Malek, R, 2016)		0.88
" Patients were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg oral glibenclamide daily for 10 days (n = 29) or placebo in the same dosage (n = 23)."( Effects of Oral Glibenclamide on Brain Contusion Volume and Functional Outcome of Patients with Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
Derakhshan, N; Eshraghian, H; Ghaffarpasand, F; Khalili, H; Niakan, A; Salehi, M; Shakibafard, A; Zahabi, B, 2017)		0.46
"1) Pinacidil dose-dependently decreased gastric tone at a dosage of 30 (p = 0."( Roles of ATP sensitive potassium channel in modulating gastric tone and accommodation in dogs.
Chen, JD; Lei, Y; Li, S, 2017)		0.46
" Interspecies dosing differences versus prior studies may play an important role in these findings."( Glibenclamide Produces Region-Dependent Effects on Cerebral Edema in a Combined Injury Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock in Mice.
Hoshitsuki, K; Jackson, TC; Janesko-Feldman, KL; Jha, RM; Kochanek, PM; Minnigh, MB; Molyneaux, BJ; Park, SY; Poloyac, S; Vagni, VA; Wallisch, JS, 2018)		0.48
" The effect of drying conditions on the morphology, moisture content, hardness, dosage uniformity, surface characteristics, and drug release mechanism of glibenclamide from the matrices was systematically investigated."( Controlled release of glibenclamide from monolithic silica subdermal implants produced by the sol-gel process and its use for hyperglycaemia treatment in a murine model.
Espinosa-Contreras, C; Flores-Cabrera, Y; Hernández-Abad, VJ; Marroquín-Segura, R; Mora-Guevara, JLA; Sánchez-González, EG, 2019)		0.51
" Median frequencies of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were less than 5% of routine blood glucose assays and were similar with both dosage forms."( Glibenclamide oral suspension: Suitable and effective in patients with neonatal diabetes.
Baptiste, A; Beltrand, J; Berdugo, M; Bouazza, N; Boucheron, A; Busiah, K; Djerada, Z; Elie, C; Godot, C; Gozalo, C; Polak, M; Tréluyer, JM, 2019)		0.51
" humilis or 2-hydroxy-destigloyl-6-deoxyswietenine acetate (mexicanolide 1) with glibenclamide resulted in a reduction of the antihyperglycemic effect while a significant increase was observed when they were dosed with metformin."( Multi-target antidiabetic mechanisms of mexicanolides from Swietenia humilis.
Haddad, PS; Mata, R; Navarrete, A; Noriega, LG; Ovalle-Magallanes, B; Tovar, AR; Tovar-Palacio, C, 2019)		0.51
" Formulating nanoparticles into a solid dosage form may overcome such challenges and thus unlock the potential benefits of nanosizing."( Engineering of solidified glyburide nanocrystals for tablet formulation via loading of carriers: downstream processing, characterization, and bioavailability.
Ali, HSM; Alqurshi, A; Hanafy, AF, 2019)		0.81
"The current work investigates the possibility of developing a novel solid dosage form, with enhanced dissolution rate, whereby nanocrystals (~400 nm) of the class II Biopharmaceutical Classification System drug, glyburide (GBD) were fabricated through combined precipitation and homogenization procedures."( Engineering of solidified glyburide nanocrystals for tablet formulation via loading of carriers: downstream processing, characterization, and bioavailability.
Ali, HSM; Alqurshi, A; Hanafy, AF, 2019)		1
" The novel tablet dosage form met US Pharmacopeia specifications, including drug content, hardness, and friability."( Engineering of solidified glyburide nanocrystals for tablet formulation via loading of carriers: downstream processing, characterization, and bioavailability.
Ali, HSM; Alqurshi, A; Hanafy, AF, 2019)		0.81
" The established PBPK model was capable of accurately predicting complex rifampicin-induced alterations in the profiles of glibenclamide, repaglinide, and coproporphyrin I (an endogenous biomarker of OATP1B activities) with various dosing regimens."( Expanded Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Rifampicin for Predicting Interactions With Drugs and an Endogenous Biomarker via Complex Mechanisms Including Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B Induction.
Asaumi, R; Imawaka, H; Kusuhara, H; Lee, W; Menzel, K; Nunoya, KI; Sugiyama, Y, 2019)		0.51
"A sensitive, rapid and cost-effective method based on HPTLC with UV detection was developed for the quantitation of Glibenclamide (GLIBEN), Rosiglitazone maleate (ROSI) and Metformin hydrochloride (MET) from a combined dosage form."( A Sensitive HPTLC Method for the Estimation of Glibenclamide, Rosiglitazone Maleate and Metformin Hydrochloride from a Multicomponent Dosage Form.
Abbulu, K; Bhende, SD; Varanasi, MB, 2020)		0.56
" Total bolus osmotherapy dosing was quantified by "osmolar load"."( Osmotherapy for malignant cerebral edema in a phase 2 prospective, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of IV glibenclamide.
Demchuk, A; Hinson, HE; Molyneaux, BJ; Romero, J; Sheth, KN; Sun, E; Taylor Kimberly, W; von Kummer, R, 2020)		0.56
"A plethora of dissolution tests exists for oral dosage forms, with variations in selection of the dissolution medium, the hydrodynamics and the dissolution equipment."( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model outputs depend on dissolution data and their input: Case examples glibenclamide and dipyridamole.
Dressman, J; Klumpp, L, 2020)		0.56
"The aim of this research was the development and optimization of nanoniosomes for delivery of glibenclamide (Gbn) as hypoglycaemic agent to the lung in an inhaler dosage form."( Design, optimization, and
Abd Allah, FI; Abdel-Rashid, RS; Hashim, FM; Hassan, AA, 2021)		0.62
" Group I acted as the control, whereas groups II, III, IV, and V were considered experimental groups which received a single dosage (150 mg/kg body weight) of alloxan (ALX) intraperitoneally (i."( Co-administration of
Kar, A; Panda, S; Sharma, N; Yadav, D, 2022)		0.72
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (4)

RoleDescription
hypoglycemic agentA drug which lowers the blood glucose level.
anti-arrhythmia drugA drug used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. Anti-arrhythmia drugs may affect the polarisation-repolarisation phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibres.
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitorAn EC 2.7.1.* (phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor) inhibitor that interferes with the action of pantothenate kinase (EC 2.7.1.33).
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitorA EC 3.6.3.* (acid anhydride hydrolase catalysing transmembrane movement of substances) inhibitor that interferes with the action of channel-conductance-controlling ATPase (EC 3.6.3.49, also known as cystic fibrosis conductance regulator, CFCR).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
N-sulfonylureaA urea in which one of the hydrogens attached to a nitrogen of the urea group is replaced by a sulfonyl group. The N-sulfonylurea moiety is a key group in various herbicides, as well as in a number of antidiabetic drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetis mellitus.
monochlorobenzenesAny member of the class of chlorobenzenes containing a mono- or poly-substituted benzene ring in which only one substituent is chlorine.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (2)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Glibenclamide Action Pathway65
Drug induction of bile acid pathway025

Protein Targets (103)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.27400.003245.467312,589.2998AID2517
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolaseGiardia intestinalisPotency19.07280.140911.194039.8107AID2451
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency6.01200.007215.758889.3584AID588342
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency2.99350.100020.879379.4328AID488773; AID588453
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency30.25620.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521; AID1159523
SMAD family member 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency24.65710.173734.304761.8120AID1346859; AID1346924
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency70.79460.031637.5844354.8130AID743255
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.63100.35487.935539.8107AID624146
SMAD family member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency24.65710.173734.304761.8120AID1346859; AID1346924
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.85540.000811.382244.6684AID686979
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.24730.000714.592883.7951AID1259369
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.180013.557439.8107AID1460
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.83700.000221.22318,912.5098AID743035; AID743036; AID743053; AID743063
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.86990.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.57880.00137.762544.6684AID914; AID915
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.12590.001318.074339.8107AID926
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.84930.001022.650876.6163AID1224838; AID1224893
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency34.37620.000417.946075.1148AID1346784
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.11920.531815.435837.6858AID504845
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.60580.01237.983543.2770AID1645841
nonstructural protein 1Influenza A virus (A/WSN/1933(H1N1))Potency17.78280.28189.721235.4813AID2326
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.11370.000214.376460.0339AID588532; AID720691; AID720692
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency33.27040.000817.505159.3239AID1159527; AID588544
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency58.91460.001530.607315,848.9004AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259403
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.77890.005428.02631,258.9301AID1346982; AID720659
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.26260.000229.305416,493.5996AID743069; AID743075; AID743091
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency8.42300.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.83580.00108.379861.1304AID1645840
ParkinHomo sapiens (human)Potency9.20000.819914.830644.6684AID720572
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.71870.001024.504861.6448AID588534; AID588535; AID743215
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.44850.001019.414170.9645AID743094; AID743140; AID743191
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.43440.035520.977089.1251AID504332
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.016525.307841.3999AID602332
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency5.44830.001723.839378.1014AID743083
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency100.00000.540617.639296.1227AID2364; AID2528
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.00000.00207.533739.8107AID891
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency84.921423.934123.934123.9341AID1967
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.00000.00255.840031.6228AID899
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency4.15020.00636.904339.8107AID883
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency89.12510.006026.168889.1251AID540317
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency112.20203.548119.542744.6684AID743266
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.01789.637444.6684AID588834
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency43.86790.000627.21521,122.0200AID651741; AID743202; AID743219
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency31.62280.00798.23321,122.0200AID2551
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.00230.005612.367736.1254AID624032
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency5.70080.031610.279239.8107AID884; AID885
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency22.38720.00106.000935.4813AID943
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.22020.891312.067628.1838AID1487
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.42300.00339.158239.8107AID1645842
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.42300.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency4.15020.00638.235039.8107AID883
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.91251.995325.532750.1187AID624288
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Inositol monophosphatase 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000010.475628.1838AID1457
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.42300.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency5.48581.000012.224831.6228AID885
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.42300.01238.964839.8107AID1645842
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency0.16940.060110.745337.9330AID485368
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)33.00000.63154.45319.3000AID1473740
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)10.50000.20005.677410.0000AID1473741
Solute carrier family 22 member 6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki1.60001.60005.744010.0000AID679148
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.22000.22001.56004.3000AID201324
Bile salt export pumpRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)9.03330.40002.75008.6000AID1209456; AID679483; AID680335
Bile salt export pumpRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki6.10000.30003.10006.1000AID679145
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)54.97500.11007.190310.0000AID1209455; AID1443980; AID1443986; AID1449628; AID1473738; AID1674183; AID681139; AID681155
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)Ki27.50007.00008.25009.5000AID680940
Chymotrypsinogen ABos taurus (cattle)IC50 (µMol)360.00000.98004.05607.2000AID52776
Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12IC50 (µMol)300.00000.01502.46578.0000AID43431
ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)IC50 (µMol)100.00000.48000.48000.4800AID68758
ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)IC50 (µMol)100.00000.48000.48000.4800AID68758
ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)IC50 (µMol)100.00000.48000.48000.4800AID68758
ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)IC50 (µMol)100.00000.48000.48000.4800AID68758
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.60200.00002.800510.0000AID625248
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)15.00000.30000.32670.3800AID598317
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)100.00000.00031.38338.4000AID68758
Cholesteryl ester transfer proteinOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)IC50 (µMol)238.60000.02000.02500.0300AID485980
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.66000.00000.37905.6000AID1537172
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.00430.00431.07038.2000AID201322
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)74.06550.00091.901410.0000AID147661; AID386536; AID420668; AID576612
ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.11210.00431.36868.2000AID201322; AID201324
Solute carrier family 22 member 7Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki12.30001.84001.84001.8400AID682050
Solute carrier family 15 member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki7.80003.00006.47788.5000AID678859
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Mus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)10.00000.00041.441910.0000AID1527542
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)12.00000.00502.180410.0000AID1286175
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)39.10000.73103.79949.0780AID1323834
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki1.67100.03101.20547.2910AID1323835
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)150.00000.00401.966610.0000AID1873199; AID679622
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)8.20000.05002.37979.7000AID1218863; AID1218864; AID1218865
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)EC50 (µMol)64.00000.18702.72248.1800AID1802150
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)Km6.26000.70005.00608.0900AID680320
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (316)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
xenobiotic metabolic processATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin secretionMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cilium assemblyMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet degranulationMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
leukotriene transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transportMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
action potentialATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
heart morphogenesisATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
response to ATPATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood pressureATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
coronary vasculature developmentATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac conductionATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell contractionATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic anion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac ventricle developmentPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
memoryPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to mechanical stimulusPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
response to axon injuryPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferationPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea developmentPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular response to hypoxiaPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA biosynthetic processPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
stabilization of membrane potentialPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitinationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathwayBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretionBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
digestionChymotrypsinogen ABos taurus (cattle)
antibiotic catabolic processBeta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12
response to antibioticBeta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12
proton transmembrane transportATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STATInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagyInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT proteinInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-betaInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replicationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic processInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
defense response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virusInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine productionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathwayInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNAInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiationInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
humoral immune responseInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class I via ER pathway, TAP-independentHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of T cell anergyHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
defense responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
detection of bacteriumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-12 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of interleukin-6 productionHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protection from natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicityHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dendritic cell differentiationHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
antigen processing and presentation of endogenous peptide antigen via MHC class IbHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transportATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
aerobic respirationATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex assemblyATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
proton transmembrane transportATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
proton transmembrane transportATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
urea metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
monocarboxylic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
amide metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylationCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol biosynthetic processCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
vesicle docking involved in exocytosisCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
bicarbonate transportCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol transportCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
transepithelial water transportCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulusCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of exocytosisCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
sperm capacitationCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
multicellular organismal-level water homeostasisCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular pH elevationCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
establishment of localization in cellCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
membrane hyperpolarizationCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of enamel mineralizationCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMPCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
amelogenesisCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transportCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of voltage-gated chloride channel activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to forskolinCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol effluxPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid transportPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of osteoblast differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor signaling pathway via STATPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signaling receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of BMP signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of MAP kinase activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adiponectin secretionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stressPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
placenta developmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
lipid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
signal transductionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
response to nutrientPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressurePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
macrophage derived foam cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol storagePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of lipid storagePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of sequestering of triglyceridePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
monocyte differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
BMP signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to insulin stimulusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
response to lipidPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
glucose homeostasisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythmPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
lipoprotein transportPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migrationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responsePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cell fate commitmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cell maturationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
rhythmic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
white fat cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of SMAD protein signal transductionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cholesterol transporter activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial fissionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of extracellular matrix assemblyPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adipose tissue developmentPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory responsePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cell differentiationPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
hormone-mediated signaling pathwayPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
gluconeogenesisMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
NADH metabolic processMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
NADP metabolic processMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
malate metabolic processMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
oxaloacetate metabolic processMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
tricarboxylic acid cycleMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
malate-aspartate shuttleMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulusGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasisGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretionGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucagon stimulusGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular glucose homeostasisATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
female pregnancyATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
memoryATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
visual learningATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
response to pHATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
response to zinc ionATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of low-density lipoprotein particle clearanceATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of angiogenesisATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor productionATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
response to insulinATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulusATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin secretionATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular processATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
glutamate secretion, neurotransmissionATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast migrationATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to organic substanceATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle relaxationATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of tight junction disassemblyATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of blood-brain barrier permeabilityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by hormonePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion homeostasisPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
action potentialATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
response to hypoxiaATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle tissue developmentATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
glucose metabolic processATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiolATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
response to ATPATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
response to testosteroneATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potentialATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin secretionATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretionATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system processATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
CAMKK-AMPK signaling cascadeATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to nicotineATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose stimulusATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factorATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic cation transmembrane transportATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potentialATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membraneATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
response to resveratrolATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membraneATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transportATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate metabolic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol phosphate biosynthetic processInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
pattern recognition receptor signaling pathwayNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of acute inflammatory responseNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of type 2 immune responseNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic processNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
defense responseNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
osmosensory signaling pathwayNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
detection of biotic stimulusNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of interleukin-1 beta productionNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta productionNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of interleukin-4 productionNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
NLRP3 inflammasome complex assemblyNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell differentiationNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IINACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory responseNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory responseNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activityNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
protein homooligomerizationNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
protein maturationNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
pyroptosisNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharideNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virusNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transductionNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine productionNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of autophagyCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cellular respirationCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein maturation by [2Fe-2S] cluster transferCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
urate transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
biotin transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid biosynthetic processBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
riboflavin transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
urate metabolic processBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
transepithelial transportBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
renal urate salt excretionBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
export across plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrierBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular detoxificationBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport across blood-brain barrierBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
heme catabolic processSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transportSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (142)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
ATP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
guanine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
purine nucleotide transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type glutathione S-conjugate transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
glutathione transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic cation channel activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
potassium channel activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
sulfonylurea receptor activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
potassium channel regulator activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
outward rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion leak channel activityPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingChymotrypsinogen ABos taurus (cattle)
serpin family protein bindingChymotrypsinogen ABos taurus (cattle)
beta-lactamase activityBeta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12
hydrolase activityBeta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12
protein bindingATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
ATP bindingATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
proton-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanismATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
cytokine activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activityInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
peptide antigen bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
TAP bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transporter activityATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
protein bindingATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
intracellularly ATP-gated chloride channel activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
bicarbonate transmembrane transporter activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transporter activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
isomerase activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
chloride channel regulator activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
chloride channel inhibitor activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
PDZ domain bindingCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
Sec61 translocon complex bindingCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
transcription coregulator bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleic acid bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin receptor activityPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
peptide bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear retinoid X receptor bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA binding domain bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
LBD domain bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-actinin bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
R-SMAD bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
E-box bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
STAT family protein bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor bindingPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
malic enzyme activityMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
L-malate dehydrogenase activityMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
diiodophenylpyruvate reductase activityMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase activityMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
G protein activityGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase activator activityGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
ATP-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
potassium channel activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
sulfonylurea receptor activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
ADP bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter bindingATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
C3HC4-type RING finger domain bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activityATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-activated inward rectifier potassium channel activityATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activityATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
ankyrin bindingATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion bindingATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
heat shock protein bindingATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter bindingATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potentialATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol heptakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 1-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol hexakisphosphate 3-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol 5-diphosphate pentakisphosphate 5-kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
inositol diphosphate tetrakisphosphate kinase activityInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
protein-macromolecule adaptor activityNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
signaling adaptor activityNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
peptidoglycan bindingNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
ADP bindingNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific DNA bindingNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activityNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate bindingNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor bindingNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
small molecule sensor activityNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activityNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
molecular condensate scaffold activityNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate bindingNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
pyridoxal phosphate bindingCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
L-cysteine transaminase activityCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster bindingCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
urate transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
biotin transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
efflux transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
riboflavin transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
sphingolipid transporter activityBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
thyroid hormone transmembrane transporter activitySolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (79)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
platelet dense granule membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMultidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
sarcomereATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifying potassium channelATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion-transporting ATPase complexATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membranePotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfacePotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membranePotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
calyx of HeldPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
astrocyte projectionPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complexPotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium channel subfamily K member 2Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionChymotrypsinogen ABos taurus (cattle)
serine protease inhibitor complexChymotrypsinogen ABos taurus (cattle)
outer membrane-bounded periplasmic spaceBeta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12
periplasmic spaceBeta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complexATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
extracellular spaceInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionInterferon betaHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
secretory granule membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
phagocytic vesicle membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
lumenal side of endoplasmic reticulum membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
MHC class I protein complexHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
external side of plasma membraneHLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial envelopeATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complexATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
proton-transporting ATP synthase complexATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complexATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic sector F(1)ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complexATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrialBos taurus (cattle)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomal membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
early endosomeCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
endosome membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi-associated vesicle membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
early endosome membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complexCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulatorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
nucleusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organellePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complexPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
chromatinPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
receptor complexPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
centrosomeMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolMalate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmicHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifying potassium channelATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
sarcolemmaATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion-transporting ATPase complexATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
membraneATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfacePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
acrosomal vesicleATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelopeATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
endosomeATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifying potassium channelATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
intercalated discATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
T-tubuleATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
axolemmaATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
cell body fiberATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Mus musculus (house mouse)
fibrillar centerInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmInositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
membraneNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
microtubule organizing centerNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
interphase microtubule organizing centerNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
NLRP3 inflammasome complexNACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial outer membraneCDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
brush border membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
external side of apical plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBroad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneSolute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (585)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID487898Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced Wistar rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 3 day relative to control2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID1377944Hypoglycemic effect in fasting Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po measured up to 180 mins post dose2017European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-29, Volume: 138Discovery of phenylsulfonyl acetic acid derivatives with improved efficacy and safety as potent free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID1636305Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as effect on hepatocytes surrounding central vein architecture at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days by hematoxylin/eosin staining based microscopy2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID106801Inhibition of malate dehydrogenase (MDH)2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID1220020Drug absorption in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat jejunum at 10 ug/ml after 120 mins of in situ single-pass perfusion relative to normal rat2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID613542Antihyperlipidemic activity in in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model assessed as serum triglyceride level at 10 mg/kg/day, po dosed via gavage for 14 days administered 3 days after streptozotocin challenge by UV-spectrophotometry2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel cyclic-imides as hypoglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidemic agents.
AID223565Antiarrhythmic effect in hSUR1/hKir6.2 (pancreatic KATP channel) transfected in CHO cells at 1 nM2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 44, Issue:7
Cardioselective K(ATP) channel blockers derived from a new series of m-anisamidoethylbenzenesulfonylthioureas.
AID588215FDA HLAED, alkaline phosphatase increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID588216FDA HLAED, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1220060Apparent hepatic clearance in normal Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed per mg protein at 4 uM after 60 mins2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1251342Toxicity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat model assessed as increase in body weight at 30 mg/kg, po repeated for 15 days by GOD-POD method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20
Antidiabetic effect of novel benzenesulfonylureas as PPAR-γ agonists and their anticancer effect.
AID201322Inhibition of human SUR1/Kir6.2 expressed in CHO cells2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Recent developments in the biology and medicinal chemistry of potassium channel modulators: update from a decade of progress.
AID1697999Dissociation constant, acidic pKa of compound measured up to 18 mins by capillary electrophoresis
AID1220053Drug metabolism in insulin treated streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins (Rvb = 2.06 +/- 0.27 ug/ml)2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID462815Antihyperglycemic activity against Han Wistar rat assessed as blood glucose level at 1 mg/kg, po after 45 mins by OGTT2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 53, Issue:6
A novel insulin secretagogue based on a dinucleoside polyphosphate scaffold.
AID681155TP_TRANSPORTER: increase in bodipy intracellular accumulation (Bodipy: 0.2 uM) in SK-E2 cells (expressing BSEP)2003Pharmaceutical research, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Fluorescent substrates of sister-P-glycoprotein (BSEP) evaluated as markers of active transport and inhibition: evidence for contingent unequal binding sites.
AID588995Inhibitors of transporters of clinical importance in the absorption and disposition of drugs, BSEP2010Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Membrane transporters in drug development.
AID331895Antidiabetic effect in streptozo-nicotinamide rat model of diabetes assessed as change in blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po after 3 hrs relative to control2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 18, Issue:9
Antidiabetic activity of N-(6-substituted-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides.
AID420668Inhibition of human ERG in MCF7 cells2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 44, Issue:5
GRIND-based 3D-QSAR and CoMFA to investigate topics dominated by hydrophobic interactions: the case of hERG K+ channel blockers.
AID467613Volume of distribution at steady state in human2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.
AID302758Solubility by shake flask method2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 50, Issue:23
Poorly soluble marketed drugs display solvation limited solubility.
AID604743Displacement of radiolabeled warfarin from fatty acid containing human serum albumin site 1 in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 at 12 uM by fluorescence spectroscopy2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21
A combined spectroscopic and crystallographic approach to probing drug-human serum albumin interactions.
AID331897Antidiabetic effect in streptozo-nicotinamide rat model of diabetes assessed as change in blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po after 7 hrs relative to control2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 18, Issue:9
Antidiabetic activity of N-(6-substituted-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides.
AID444051Total clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1636279Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as change in fasting blood glucose level at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered on day 7 post STZ challenge measured immediately post dosage by glucometry (Rvb = 63.75 +/- 7.3 mg/dl)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1163351Antihyperglycemic activity in fasted hyperglycemic Wistar rat assessed as serum glucose level at 10 mg/kg, po measured 60 mins post dose by oral glucose tolerance test (Rvb = 182.55 +/- 6.95 mg/dL)2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds.
AID1218864Inhibition of OATP1B1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using estradiol-17beta-glucuronide substrate2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8
The development, characterization, and application of an OATP1B1 inhibition assay in drug discovery.
AID749470Induction of adipogenesis in human bone marrow MSC assessed as AOC2 up-regulation by RT-PCR analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11
The opposite effect of isotype-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors on adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
AID764283Antihyperglycemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of fasting blood glucose level at 20 mg/kg, po qd measured on day 15 (Rvb = 404.2 +/- 29.15 mg/dl)2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID1220066Drug metabolism in normal Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as remaining parent compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins in presence of 10 uM sulfaphenazole2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID337873Hypoglycemic activity in fasted po dosed streptozotocin-induced diabetic ddY mouse assessed as decrease in blood glucose level after 6 hrs by glucose oxidase method1993Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 56, Issue:3
Isolation of pseudoprototimosaponin AIII from rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides and its hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
AID599064Plasma protein binding in human2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12
Lipophilicity of acidic compounds: impact of ion pair partitioning on drug design.
AID218693Fold increase in IC50 vs beta-lactamaase with 1 mg/mL saponin2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID386536Inhibition of human ERG potassium channel2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 16, Issue:7
A binary QSAR model for classification of hERG potassium channel blockers.
AID1698008Hepatic clearance in Wistar Hannover rat at 1 mg/kg, iv
AID1230501Antidiabetic activity against IDX medium-treated human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells assessed as induction of adiponectin production during adipogenesis after 6 days by ELISA2015Journal of natural products, Jun-26, Volume: 78, Issue:6
Suncheonosides A-D, Benzothioate Glycosides from a Marine-Derived Streptomyces sp.
AID1220054AUC (0 to 60 mins) in normal Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes at 4 uM after 60 mins2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1220036Apparent oral volume of distribution in insulin treated Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID161275Binding affinity towards potassium channel of rat aorta using [3H]15 as radioligand1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-09, Volume: 36, Issue:14
Synthesis of and radioligand binding studies with a tritiated pinacidil analogue: receptor interactions of structurally different classes of potassium channel openers and blockers.
AID131965Plasma glucose after treatment in obese ob/ob mice at 5 mg/kg (po)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-20, Volume: 36, Issue:17
Antihyperglycemic activity of novel naphthalenyl 3H-1,2,3,5-oxathiadiazole 2-oxides.
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1688197Solubility of compound in PBS at pH 7.4 by shake flask method2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 188Minor chemical modifications of the aminosteroid derivative RM-581 lead to major impact on its anticancer activity, metabolic stability and aqueous solubility.
AID1220067Drug metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as remaining parent compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins in presence of 10 uM sulfaphenazole2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID485559Antihyperglycemic activity in Charles Foster-Wistar albino rat sucrose loaded model assessed as decrease of blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 30 mins before glucose challenge measured up to 120 mins by glucometer2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 18, Issue:11
Design and synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted polyhydroquinolines as prospective antihyperglycemic and lipid modulating agents.
AID722840Antidiabetic activity in albino rat diabetic model assessed as plasma glucose level measured after 4 hrs (Rvb = 291 +/- 6.40 mg/dl)2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 23, Issue:2
Dual action spirobicycloimidazolidine-2,4-diones: antidiabetic agents and inhibitors of aldose reductase-an enzyme involved in diabetic complications.
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1698001Lipophilicity, log D of the compound at pH 7.4 by by shake flask method
AID680335TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Taurocholate uptake (Taurocholate: 1 uM) in liver canalicular membrane vesicle from male rat2001Toxicology, Oct-05, Volume: 167, Issue:1
Troglitazone-induced intrahepatic cholestasis by an interference with the hepatobiliary export of bile acids in male and female rats. Correlation with the gender difference in troglitazone sulfate formation and the inhibition of the canalicular bile salt
AID1292312Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced Wistar rat model of diabetes assessed as plasma glucose variation at 50 mg/kg, ig measured at 1 hr post dose by glucometric analysis (Rvb = 17 +/- 8%)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-15, Volume: 24, Issue:10
Synthesis and molecular docking of N'-arylidene-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazides as novel hypoglycemic and antioxidant dual agents.
AID29811Oral bioavailability in human2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID1163356Insulin secretagogue activity in fasted hyperglycemic Wistar rat assessed as insulinogenic index ratio at 10 mg/kg, po by ELISA method (Rvb = 0.66 ng/mg)2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds.
AID1870358Induction of adipogenesis in human differentiated BMMSC cells assessed as fold increase in adiponectin production at 10 uM measured on 5 day in presence of IDX induction medium by ELISA2022ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-14, Volume: 13, Issue:7
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of l-1'-Homologated Adenosine Derivatives.
AID687530Antidiabetic activity in STZ-nicotinamide diabetic Wistar rat T2DM model assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 5 mg/kg, po after 3 hrs by enzymatic glucose oxidase method relative to control2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID681665TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Taurochenodeoxycholate-stimulated ATPase activity (Glibenclamide: 60 uM) in membrane vesicles from Bsep-expressing Sf9 cells2001Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), May, Volume: 33, Issue:5
Characterization of the mouse bile salt export pump overexpressed in the baculovirus system.
AID1211796Intrinsic clearance in cryopreserved human HepaRG cells assessed per 10'6 cells by LC-MS/MS method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
Comparison of cryopreserved HepaRG cells with cryopreserved human hepatocytes for prediction of clearance for 26 drugs.
AID681861TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of 5-carboxyfluorescein accumulation in the presence of glyburide at a concentration of 200uM in MRP1-expressing HeLa cells
AID764237Antihyperglycemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of blood glucose level at 20 mg/kg, po after 3 hrs (Rvb = 384.33 +/- 17.33 mg/dl)2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID1220034Apparent oral volume of distribution in normal Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID179723Plasma glucose levels of nondiabetic rats after 4 hour of drug administration (25 mg/Kg, po)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-20, Volume: 36, Issue:17
Antihyperglycemic activity of novel naphthalenyl 3H-1,2,3,5-oxathiadiazole 2-oxides.
AID592337Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic ICR mouse assessed as change in blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 2 hrs by oral glucose tolerance test (RVb= -12.9 %)2011Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 74, Issue:3
(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide from Ligusticum porteri , an α-glucosidase inhibitor.
AID764282Antihyperglycemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of fasting blood glucose level at 20 mg/kg, po qd measured on day 30 relative to control2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID679483TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Taurocholate uptake (Taurocholate: 1 uM) in liver canalicular membrane vesicle from female rat2001Toxicology, Oct-05, Volume: 167, Issue:1
Troglitazone-induced intrahepatic cholestasis by an interference with the hepatobiliary export of bile acids in male and female rats. Correlation with the gender difference in troglitazone sulfate formation and the inhibition of the canalicular bile salt
AID1211792Hepatic clearance in human2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
Comparison of cryopreserved HepaRG cells with cryopreserved human hepatocytes for prediction of clearance for 26 drugs.
AID131963Plasma glucose after treatment in obese ob/ob mice at 20 mg/kg (po)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-20, Volume: 36, Issue:17
Antihyperglycemic activity of novel naphthalenyl 3H-1,2,3,5-oxathiadiazole 2-oxides.
AID764269Antihyperlipidemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as increase of serum HDL-cholesterol level at 20 mg/kg, po qd for 30 days2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID1873199Inhibition of ABCG2 (unknown origin) expressed in human MCF7/MX cells mediated mitoxantrone efflux assessed as intracellular mitoxantrone level preincubated with mitoxantrone followed by compound addition and measured upto 90 mins by FACSflow cytometry an2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237Targeting breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2): Functional inhibitors and expression modulators.
AID604747Aqueous solubility of the compound in phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.4 after 24 hrs by LC-UV analysis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21
A combined spectroscopic and crystallographic approach to probing drug-human serum albumin interactions.
AID1172785Antidiabetic activity in overnight fasted Wistar rat assessed as reduction in plasma glucose level at 30 mg/kg, po by oral glucose tolerance test2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22
Novel benzenesulfonylureas containing thiophenylpyrazoline moiety as potential antidiabetic and anticancer agents.
AID764262Renalprotective activity in Wistar albino rat assessed as protection against streptozotocin-induced increase in urea level in blood at 20 mg/kg, po qd for 30 days2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID1636281Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as change in fasting blood glucose level at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 7 days post STZ challenge measured on day 14 by glucometry (Rvb = 63.75 +/- 7.3 mg/dl)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID478234Antidiabetic activity in Wistar albino rat assessed as reduction of fasting blood glucose level administered qd for 9 days by oral glucose tolerance test (RVb = 83.33 +/- 1.54 mg/dl)2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 45, Issue:5
Derivatives of benzimidazole pharmacophore: synthesis, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic and DNA cleavage studies.
AID1066947Stimulation of insulin secretion in rat INS-1E cells after 1 hr by alphaLISA assay in presence of 5 mM glucose relative to IBMX2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4
The insulin secretory action of novel polycyclic guanidines: discovery through open innovation phenotypic screening, and exploration of structure-activity relationships.
AID487896Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced Wistar rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 1 day relative to control2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID722842Antidiabetic activity in albino rat diabetic model assessed as plasma glucose level measured after 2 hrs (Rvb = 251 +/- 2.91 mg/dl)2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 23, Issue:2
Dual action spirobicycloimidazolidine-2,4-diones: antidiabetic agents and inhibitors of aldose reductase-an enzyme involved in diabetic complications.
AID604742Displacement of radiolabeled dansylsarcosine from fatty acid-free human serum albumin site 2 in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 at 12 uM by fluorescence spectroscopy2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21
A combined spectroscopic and crystallographic approach to probing drug-human serum albumin interactions.
AID764239Antihyperglycemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of blood glucose level at 20 mg/kg, po after 1 hr (Rvb = 389.16 +/- 19 mg/dl)2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID311524Oral bioavailability in human2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24
Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
AID68762Inhibitory concentration towards rat mitochondrial F1F0-ATP synthase using a hexokinase / glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase coupled assay2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5
Small molecule mitochondrial F1F0 ATPase hydrolase inhibitors as cardioprotective agents. Identification of 4-(N-arylimidazole)-substituted benzopyran derivatives as selective hydrolase inhibitors.
AID1204822In-vivo hypoglycemic activity in alloxan-pretreated diabetic BALB/c mouse assessed as blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 4 hrs by glucometer analysis (Rvb = 385.2 +/- 8.94 mg/dl)2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 98Synthesis, characterization, hypoglycemic and aldose reductase inhibition activity of arylsulfonylspiro[fluorene-9,5'-imidazolidine]-2',4'-diones.
AID485980Inhibition of CETP in rabbit serum after 1 hr by fluorescent cholesteryl esters transfer assay2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 45, Issue:4
Discovery of new cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors via ligand-based pharmacophore modeling and QSAR analysis followed by synthetic exploration.
AID1220041Tmax in insulin treated Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1220040Tmax in Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1473740Inhibition of human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 10 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID654716Antidiabetic activity in normal ICR mouse assessed as increase in plasma insulin level at 5 mg/kg, ip after 60 mins by ELISA (Rvb = 52.5 +/- 4.6 pmol/L)2012Journal of natural products, Feb-24, Volume: 75, Issue:2
Hypoglycemic diterpenoids from Tinospora crispa.
AID680474TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of E217betaG uptake (E217betaG: 0.1 uM, Glibenclamide: 1000 uM) in Oatp1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells2002Pharmaceutical research, Feb, Volume: 19, Issue:2
Comparative inhibitory effects of different compounds on rat oatpl (slc21a1)- and Oatp2 (Slc21a5)-mediated transport.
AID1220038Cmax in insulin treated Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1486864Antidiabetic activity in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mouse assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg, po pretreated for 1 hr followed by glucose challenge by OGTT
AID476929Human intestinal absorption in po dosed human2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 45, Issue:3
Neural computational prediction of oral drug absorption based on CODES 2D descriptors.
AID396649Antihyperglycemic activity against sucrose-challenged streptozotocin-induced fasted Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose at 100 mg/kg, po administered 30 mins before sucrose challenge measured after 5 hrs post sucrose dose relative to2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Novel 2-aryl-naphtho[1,2-d]oxazole derivatives as potential PTP-1B inhibitors showing antihyperglycemic activities.
AID1220013Terminal elimination half life in insulin treated Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1537172Binding affinity to PPARgamma (unknown origin) by TR-FRET assay2019Journal of natural products, 02-22, Volume: 82, Issue:2
Adiponectin-Secretion-Promoting Phenylethylchromones from the Agarwood of Aquilaria malaccensis.
AID487733Hypoglycemic activity in Wistar rat assessed as change in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 7 hrs (RVb = -3.59 +/- 2.65 %)2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID1473741Inhibition of human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1556965Antidiabetic activity in Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as change in blood glucose level in fasting state at 10 mg/kg, po pretreated for 1 hr followed by glucose challenge and measured up to 120 mins by OGTT2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 179Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel FFA1/GPR40 agonists: New breakthrough in an old scaffold.
AID422006Hypoglycemic activity in normal Wistar rat assessed as variation in glycemia at 10 mg/kg administered via intragastric route after 3 hrs by glucose oxidase method relative to control2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Hypoglycemic activity of extracts and compounds from the leaves of Hintonia standleyana and H. latiflora: potential alternatives to the use of the stem bark of these species.
AID588214FDA HLAED, liver enzyme composite activity2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1451040Displacement of Fluormone-Pan-PPAR Green from human GST-tagged PPARgamma LBD at 10 uM by TR-FRET assay relative to control2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17
Polypharmacology of N
AID317692Antidiabetic activity in sucrose challenged streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino Sprague-Dawley rat model assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 16, Issue:5
Omega-(2-Naphthyloxy) amino alkanes as a novel class of anti-hyperglycemic and lipid lowering agents.
AID422010Antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as variation in glycemia at 10 mg/kg administered via intragastric route 7 days after streptozotocin challenge measured after 1.5 hrs of compound administration by glucose o2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Hypoglycemic activity of extracts and compounds from the leaves of Hintonia standleyana and H. latiflora: potential alternatives to the use of the stem bark of these species.
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID540209Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID179720Plasma glucose levels of nondiabetic rats after 0 hour of drug administration (25 mg/Kg, po)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-20, Volume: 36, Issue:17
Antihyperglycemic activity of novel naphthalenyl 3H-1,2,3,5-oxathiadiazole 2-oxides.
AID592250Antihyperglycemic activity in ICR mouse assessed as change in blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 2 hrs by oral glucose tolerance test (RVb= -12 %)2011Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 74, Issue:3
(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide from Ligusticum porteri , an α-glucosidase inhibitor.
AID444053Renal clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID422013Antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as variation in glycemia at 10 mg/kg administered via intragastric route 7 days after streptozotocin challenge measured after 7 hrs of compound administration by glucose oxi2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Hypoglycemic activity of extracts and compounds from the leaves of Hintonia standleyana and H. latiflora: potential alternatives to the use of the stem bark of these species.
AID444056Fraction escaping gut-wall elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID52778Fold decrease in IC50 vs chymotrypsinogen on pre-incubation2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID422012Antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as variation in glycemia at 10 mg/kg administered via intragastric route 7 days after streptozotocin challenge measured after 5 hrs of compound administration by glucose oxi2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Hypoglycemic activity of extracts and compounds from the leaves of Hintonia standleyana and H. latiflora: potential alternatives to the use of the stem bark of these species.
AID27167Delta logD (logD6.5 - logD7.4)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID29359Ionization constant (pKa)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID161273Inhibition of [125I]-I binding to ATP-inhibited Potassium channel receptor of Rat brain homogenate1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 33, Issue:12
Expedient synthesis and biochemical properties of an [125I]-labeled analogue of glyburide, a radioligand for ATP-inhibited potassium channels.
AID714669Antihyperglycemic activity against sucrose loaded Charles Foster/Wistar albino rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 30 mins before sucrose challenge by glucometer2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 20, Issue:6
Synthesis of propiophenone derivatives as new class of antidiabetic agents reducing body weight in db/db mice.
AID106799Fold increase in IC50 vs malate dehydrogenase (MDH) with 1 mg/ml saponin2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID487734Antidiabetic activity in Wistar rat assessed as change in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 1 hr (RVb = 20.18 % +/- 8.49%)2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID588217FDA HLAED, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1527542Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-primed mouse bone marrow derived macrophages preincubated for 15 mins followed by addition of ATP and measured after 30 mins by immunoblotting analysis2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 185Development of small molecule inhibitors targeting NLRP3 inflammasome pathway for inflammatory diseases.
AID1636291Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat blood assessed as HDL level at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days (Rvb = 36.31 +/- 0.51 mg/dl)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID680595TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of 5-carboxyfluorescein accumulation by glyburide at a concentration of 200uM in MRP3-expressing MDCK cells
AID1451035Induction of adipogenesis in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells assessed as adiponectin level at 4 uM measured on day 7 after 48 hrs by ELISA2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17
Polypharmacology of N
AID681139TP_TRANSPORTER: increase in dihydrofluorescein intracellular accumulation (dihydrofluorescein: 1 uM) in SK-E2 cells (expressing BSEP)2003Pharmaceutical research, Apr, Volume: 20, Issue:4
Fluorescent substrates of sister-P-glycoprotein (BSEP) evaluated as markers of active transport and inhibition: evidence for contingent unequal binding sites.
AID764261Renalprotective activity in Wistar albino rat assessed as protection against streptozotocin-induced increase in creatinine level in blood at 20 mg/kg, po qd for 30 days2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID524796Antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum W2 after 72 hrs by SYBR green assay2009Nature chemical biology, Oct, Volume: 5, Issue:10
Genetic mapping of targets mediating differential chemical phenotypes in Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1220021Apparent effective permeability in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat jejunum at 10 ug/ml after 30 to 90 mins of in situ single-pass perfusion relative to normal rat2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID613541Antihyperlipidemic activity in in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model assessed as serum cholesterol level at 10 mg/kg/day, po dosed via gavage for 14 days administered 3 days after streptozotocin challenge by UV-spectrophotometry2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel cyclic-imides as hypoglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidemic agents.
AID679622TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of mitoxantrone efflux in BCRP-expressing MCF7-MX cells
AID1220055AUC (0 to 60 mins) in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes at 4 uM after 60 mins2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID679851TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Gly-Sar uptake in PEPT1-expressing LLC-PK1 cells1999British journal of pharmacology, Nov, Volume: 128, Issue:6
Effects of glibenclamide on glycylsarcosine transport by the rat peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2.
AID699541Inhibition of human liver OATP2B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E3S uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1220046Drug excretion in urine of Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1220044Drug excretion in bile of insulin treated Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID599101Antihyperglycemic activity against sucrose challenged streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley albino rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 30 mins before sucrose challenge measured after 5 hrs2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14
Design and synthesis of 3,5-diarylisoxazole derivatives as novel class of anti-hyperglycemic and lipid lowering agents.
AID764272Antihyperlipidemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of serum total cholesterol level at 20 mg/kg, po qd for 30 days2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID604744Displacement of radiolabeled dansylsarcosine from fatty acid containing human serum albumin site 2 in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 at 12 uM by fluorescence spectroscopy2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21
A combined spectroscopic and crystallographic approach to probing drug-human serum albumin interactions.
AID1292315Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced Wistar rat model of diabetes assessed as plasma glucose variation at 50 mg/kg, ig measured at 7 hrs post dose by glucometric analysis (Rvb = -5 +/- 8%)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-15, Volume: 24, Issue:10
Synthesis and molecular docking of N'-arylidene-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazides as novel hypoglycemic and antioxidant dual agents.
AID669735Induction of hypoglycemia in fasted Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as decrease in plasma glucose level below normal fasting level at 10 mg/kg, po2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Discovery of phenylpropanoic acid derivatives containing polar functionalities as potent and orally bioavailable G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID1636354Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as increase in fasting blood glucose level at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days post STZ challenge measured on day 21 by glucometry2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID749472Induction of adipogenesis in human bone marrow MSC assessed as formation of intracellular lipid droplets at 10 uM after 15 days by oil red O staining in IDX condition relative to control2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11
The opposite effect of isotype-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors on adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
AID409942Inhibition of human recombinant MAOA by fluorimetric method2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21
Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID669730Insulinotropic activity in rat INS1(833/15) cells assessed as increase in insulin secretion at 30 uM after 2 hrs by competitive enzyme immunoassay in the presence of 11 mM glucose2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Discovery of phenylpropanoic acid derivatives containing polar functionalities as potent and orally bioavailable G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID5985271-Octanol-sodium citrate buffer distribution coefficient, log D of the compound at pH 5.5 by shake-flask method2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12
Lipophilicity of acidic compounds: impact of ion pair partitioning on drug design.
AID764238Antihyperglycemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of blood glucose level at 20 mg/kg, po after 2 hrs (Rvb = 386.66 +/- 17.5 mg/dl)2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID592328Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic ICR mouse assessed as change in blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 0.5 hr by oral glucose tolerance test (RVb= 51.9 %)2011Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 74, Issue:3
(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide from Ligusticum porteri , an α-glucosidase inhibitor.
AID1209455Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in plasma membrane vesicles of Sf21 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
In vitro inhibition of the bile salt export pump correlates with risk of cholestatic drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1281978Hypoglycemic effect in Kunming mouse assessed as reduction in fasting blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg, po measured at 1.5 to 9 hrs post dose by glucometry analysis2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 24, Issue:7
α-Glucosidase inhibition and antihyperglycemic activity of flavonoids from Ampelopsis grossedentata and the flavonoid derivatives.
AID1220032Oral clearance in Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID540211Fraction unbound in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID687532Antidiabetic activity in STZ-nicotinamide diabetic Wistar rat T2DM model assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 5 mg/kg, po after 7 hrs by enzymatic glucose oxidase method relative to control2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID699539Inhibition of human liver OATP1B1 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID680809TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of 5-carboxyfluorescein accumulation by glyburide at a concentration of 200uM in MRP2-expressing MDCK cells
AID722843Antidiabetic activity in albino rat diabetic model assessed as plasma glucose level measured after 1 hr (Rvb = 274 +/- 4.73 mg/dl)2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 23, Issue:2
Dual action spirobicycloimidazolidine-2,4-diones: antidiabetic agents and inhibitors of aldose reductase-an enzyme involved in diabetic complications.
AID1188218Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced NIDDM Wistar rat model assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 5 mg/kg administered intragastrically measured at 5 hrs post dose relative to control2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18
Synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of a PPARγ and GLUT-4 modulator with hypoglycemic effect.
AID1443986Inhibition of recombinant human BSEP expressed in baculovirus infected sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP or AMP-dependent [3H]-taurocholic acid uptake in to vesicles preincubated for 5 mins followed by ATP/AMP addition measured after2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID173800Compound evaluated for hypoglycemic activity by lowering blood glucose in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by 20% after oral administration; Inactive(less than 10% blood sugar decrease)1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 26, Issue:7
Sulfonyliminoimidazolidines. A new class of oral hypoglycemic agents. 1. 1-[[p-[2-(acylamino)ethyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]-2-iminoimidazolidines.
AID1220037Cmax in normal Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID437026Induction of NO release in Wistar rat liver homogenate at 200 uM by amperometric detection method2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
NO-glibenclamide derivatives: prototypes of a new class of nitric oxide-releasing anti-diabetic drugs.
AID1220065Drug metabolism in insulin treated streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as remaining parent compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins in presence of 40 uM sulfaphenazole (Rvb = 18%)2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID106802Fold decrease in IC50 vs malate dehydrogenase (MDH) on pre-incubation2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID331894Antidiabetic effect in streptozo-nicotinamide rat model of diabetes assessed as change in blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po after 1 hr relative to control2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 18, Issue:9
Antidiabetic activity of N-(6-substituted-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides.
AID305297Antihyperglycemic activity in sucrose loaded model of Sprague-Dawley albino rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose by AUC method2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 17, Issue:3
Chalcone based aryloxypropanolamines as potential antihyperglycemic agents.
AID722838Antidiabetic activity in albino rat diabetic model assessed as plasma glucose level measured after 6 hrs (Rvb = 285 +/- 8.66 mg/dl)2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 23, Issue:2
Dual action spirobicycloimidazolidine-2,4-diones: antidiabetic agents and inhibitors of aldose reductase-an enzyme involved in diabetic complications.
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID223564Antiarrhythmic effect in hSUR1/hKir6.2 (pancreatic KATP channel) transfected in CHO cells at 10 nM2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 44, Issue:7
Cardioselective K(ATP) channel blockers derived from a new series of m-anisamidoethylbenzenesulfonylthioureas.
AID194737Maximum % decrease of blood glucose (deltaBG) was observed within 4 hour after administration orally at 0.3 mg/kg dose to fasted adult female rats versus a control group1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-17, Volume: 41, Issue:26
Repaglinide and related hypoglycemic benzoic acid derivatives.
AID1220039Tmax in normal Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID751721Displacement of [3H]Glyburide from ATP-sensitive potassium channel in hamster pancreatic HIT-T15 cells at 10 uM after 2 hrs relative to control2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6
Cinnamides as selective small-molecule inhibitors of a cellular model of breast cancer stem cells.
AID1449628Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in baculovirus transfected fall armyworm Sf21 cell membranes vesicles assessed as reduction in ATP-dependent [3H]-taurocholate transport into vesicles incubated for 5 mins by Topcount based rapid filtration method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 40, Issue:12
Mitigating the inhibition of human bile salt export pump by drugs: opportunities provided by physicochemical property modulation, in silico modeling, and structural modification.
AID1636283Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days post STZ challenge measured on day 21 by glucometry relative to control2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1220028Drug metabolism in normal Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as remaining parent compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins in absence of 40 uM sulfaphenazole2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1220057Half life in normal Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes at 4 uM after 60 mins2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID764270Antihyperlipidemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of serum VLDL-cholesterol level at 20 mg/kg, po qd for 30 days2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID1220061Apparent hepatic clearance in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed per mg protein at 4 uM after 60 mins2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID667956Growth inhibition of human U373 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 54N-Aryl-N'-(chroman-4-yl)ureas and thioureas display in vitro anticancer activity and selectivity on apoptosis-resistant glioblastoma cells: screening, synthesis of simplified derivatives, and structure-activity relationship analysis.
AID80016Antiarrhythmic effect in Guinea pig papillary muscle KATP channel at 0.02 uM2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 44, Issue:7
Cardioselective K(ATP) channel blockers derived from a new series of m-anisamidoethylbenzenesulfonylthioureas.
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1220064Drug metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as remaining parent compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins in presence of 40 uM sulfaphenazole (Rvb = 38%)2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID350897Antihyperglycemic activity against STZ-nicotinamide-induced diabetes in overnight fasted Wistar rat assessed as decrease in glycemia at 100 mg/kg, administered intragastrically after 5 to 7 hrs by glucose oxidase method2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 17, Issue:9
Synthesis, in vitro and computational studies of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition of a small library of 2-arylsulfonylaminobenzothiazoles with antihyperglycemic activity.
AID437025Induction of 20 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human pancreatic islet cells assessed as insulin stimulation index at 100 uM by immunoradiometric assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
NO-glibenclamide derivatives: prototypes of a new class of nitric oxide-releasing anti-diabetic drugs.
AID1525556Inhibition of human TASK3 expressed in Xenopus oocytes at 100 uM by whole cell patch clamp assay relative to control2019Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-27, Volume: 62, Issue:22
TASK Channels Pharmacology: New Challenges in Drug Design.
AID305298Antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic model of Sprague-Dawley albino rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose by AUC method2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-01, Volume: 17, Issue:3
Chalcone based aryloxypropanolamines as potential antihyperglycemic agents.
AID1204826In-vivo hypoglycemic activity in alloxan-pretreated diabetic BALB/c mouse assessed as blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 8 hrs by glucometer analysis (Rvb = 385.2 +/- 8.94 mg/dl)2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 98Synthesis, characterization, hypoglycemic and aldose reductase inhibition activity of arylsulfonylspiro[fluorene-9,5'-imidazolidine]-2',4'-diones.
AID1918192Inhibition of human OAT2 tv.1 variant expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of [3H]cGMP uptake by scintillation analysis2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Identification of Organic Anion Transporter 2 Inhibitors: Screening, Structure-Based Analysis, and Clinical Drug Interaction Risk Assessment.
AID1879483Induction of adiponectin secretion in human differentiated BMMSC cells measured at 5 day in the presence of IDX induction medium by ELISA2022Journal of natural products, 03-25, Volume: 85, Issue:3
Adiponectin-Secretion-Promoting Cyclic Peptide-Polyketide Hybrids from a Halophyte-Associated Fungus,
AID1473934Ratio of drug concentration at steady state in human at 1.25 to 25 mg, po QD after 24 hrs to IC50 for human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1556096Hypoglycemic activity in diabetic rat assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 150 mg/kg after 24 hrs relative to control2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176Andrographolide: A natural product template for the generation of structurally and biologically diverse diterpenes.
AID613540Hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model assessed as decrease in serum glucose level at 10 mg/kg/day, po dosed via gavage for 14 days administered 3 days after streptozotocin challenge by UV-spectrophotometry2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel cyclic-imides as hypoglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidemic agents.
AID678859TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Gly-Sar uptake in PEPT2-expressing LLC-PK1 cells1999British journal of pharmacology, Nov, Volume: 128, Issue:6
Effects of glibenclamide on glycylsarcosine transport by the rat peptide transporters PEPT1 and PEPT2.
AID1220014Mean residence time in normal Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID422007Hypoglycemic activity in normal Wistar rat assessed as variation in glycemia at 10 mg/kg administered via intragastric route after 5 hrs by glucose oxidase method relative to control2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Hypoglycemic activity of extracts and compounds from the leaves of Hintonia standleyana and H. latiflora: potential alternatives to the use of the stem bark of these species.
AID28681Partition coefficient (logD6.5)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID1220025Drug absorption in normal Sprague-Dawley rat jejunum assessed as 200 uM BCRP inhibitor novobiocin-mediated increase in apparent effective permeability at 10 ug/ml measured at 45 mins of perfusion2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1636285Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat blood assessed as creatinine level at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days (Rvb = 0.56 +/- 0.03 mg/dl)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID194592Maximum % decrease of blood glucose (deltaBG) was observed within 1 hour after administration orally at 0.1 mg/kg dose to fasted adult female rats versus a control group; NS =' not significant'1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-17, Volume: 41, Issue:26
Repaglinide and related hypoglycemic benzoic acid derivatives.
AID1220023Drug absorption in normal Sprague-Dawley rat jejunum at 10 ug/ml in presence of 50 to 200 uM BCRP inhibitor novobiocin2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID467612Fraction unbound in human plasma2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.
AID1473935Ratio of drug concentration at steady state in human at 1.25 to 25 mg, po QD after 24 hrs to IC50 for human MRP3 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID226482Hill Coefficient calculated by curve fitting of data to a single binding site model1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 41, Issue:3
Binding of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) openers to cardiac membranes: correlation of binding affinities with cardioprotective and smooth muscle relaxing potencies.
AID1698010Hepatic clearance in human administered through iv dosing
AID1636277Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as body weight at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days post STZ challenge measured on day 21 (Rvb = 330.7 +/- 9.2 g)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID654728Antidiabetic activity in diet-induced ICR mouse T2DM model assessed as increase in plasma insulin level at 5 mg/kg, ip after 60 mins by ELISA (Rvb = 123.5 +/- 10.2 pmol/L)2012Journal of natural products, Feb-24, Volume: 75, Issue:2
Hypoglycemic diterpenoids from Tinospora crispa.
AID654710Antidiabetic activity in normal ICR mouse assessed as reduction in plasma glucose level at 5 mg/kg, ip after 60 mins (Rvb = 102 +/- 3.7 mg/dL)2012Journal of natural products, Feb-24, Volume: 75, Issue:2
Hypoglycemic diterpenoids from Tinospora crispa.
AID1698004Fraction unbound in cynomolgus monkey plasma
AID1674184Toxicity in po dosed human assessed as maximum daily dose2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI). Mechanisms and Medicinal Chemistry Avoidance/Mitigation Strategies.
AID52776Compound was tested for the inhibition of Chymotrypsinogen2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID1281979Hypoglycemic effect in Kunming mouse model of STZ-induced diabetes assessed as reduction in fasting blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg, po measured at 1.5 to 9 hrs post dose by glucometry analysis2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 24, Issue:7
α-Glucosidase inhibition and antihyperglycemic activity of flavonoids from Ampelopsis grossedentata and the flavonoid derivatives.
AID422008Hypoglycemic activity in normal Wistar rat assessed as variation in glycemia at 10 mg/kg administered via intragastric route after 7 hrs by glucose oxidase method relative to control2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Hypoglycemic activity of extracts and compounds from the leaves of Hintonia standleyana and H. latiflora: potential alternatives to the use of the stem bark of these species.
AID487736Antidiabetic activity in Wistar rat assessed as change in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 7 hrs (RVb = -10.51% +/- 5.53%)2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID1443980Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in fall armyworm sf9 cell plasma membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in vesicle-associated [3H]-taurocholate transport preincubated for 10 mins prior to ATP addition measured after 15 mins in presence of [3H]-tauroch2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID485979Inhibition of CETP in rabbit serum at 10 uM after 1 hr by fluorescent cholesteryl esters transfer assay2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 45, Issue:4
Discovery of new cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors via ligand-based pharmacophore modeling and QSAR analysis followed by synthetic exploration.
AID1220030Drug metabolism in insulin treated streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as remaining parent compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins in absence of 40 uM sulfaphenazole2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID680596TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of 5-carboxyfluorescein accumulation by glyburide at a concentration of 10uM in MRP3-expressing MDCK cells
AID764234Antihyperglycemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of blood glucose level at 20 mg/kg, po after 6 hrs (Rvb = 372.5 +/- 15.6 mg/dl)2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID420669Lipophilicity, log D at pH 7.02009European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 44, Issue:5
GRIND-based 3D-QSAR and CoMFA to investigate topics dominated by hydrophobic interactions: the case of hERG K+ channel blockers.
AID764235Antihyperglycemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of blood glucose level at 20 mg/kg, po after 5 hrs (Rvb = 372.2 +/- 16.6 mg/dl)2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID588219FDA HLAED, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1220027Drug metabolism in normal Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as remaining parent compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins in absence of CYP2C11 antibody2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID315112Antihyperglycemic activity in sucrose loaded diabetic Sprague-Dawley rat model assessed as reduction of plasma glucose levels at 100 mg/kg, po2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Synthesis and antihyperglycemic activity of novel N-acyl-2-arylethylamines and N-acyl-3-coumarylamines.
AID669738Induction of hypoglycemia in fasted Sprague-Dawley rat assessed as increase in insulin secretion level at 30 mg/kg, po after 30 mins2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Discovery of phenylpropanoic acid derivatives containing polar functionalities as potent and orally bioavailable G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID598317Inhibition of wild type CFTR expressed in CHO cells by [125I]iodide efflux assay2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 46, Issue:5
An expeditious access to 5-pyrimidinol derivatives from cyclic methylglyoxal diadducts, formation of argpyrimidines under physiological conditions and discovery of new CFTR inhibitors.
AID1220005AUC (0 to infinity) in normal Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID764236Antihyperglycemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of blood glucose level at 20 mg/kg, po after 4 hrs (Rvb = 373.5 +/- 15.6 mg/dl)2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID1754624Inhibition of ATP-sensitive K+ channel in LPS-activated human monocytes assessed as inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated IL-1beta release2021Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 46Discovery of dronedarone and its analogues as NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors with potent anti-inflammation activity.
AID1220022Drug efflux in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat jejunum at 1 mg/kg, iv after 60 mins of in situ single-pass perfusion relative to normal rat2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1163349Antihyperglycemic activity in fasted hyperglycemic Wistar rat assessed as serum glucose level at 10 mg/kg, po measured 15 mins post dose by oral glucose tolerance test (Rvb = 177.46 +/- 5.95 mg/dL)2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds.
AID681293TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Calcein efflux (Calcein: 0.5 micro;M, Glibenclamide: 50-100 uM, increase intercellular calcein level by ca 4 fold ) in GLC4/Sb30 cells2001British journal of pharmacology, Feb, Volume: 132, Issue:3
The sulphonylurea glibenclamide inhibits multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) activity in human lung cancer cells.
AID1688194Solubility of compound in PBS at pH 7.4 at 300 uM after 24 hrs by HPLC-UV analysis2020European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-15, Volume: 188Minor chemical modifications of the aminosteroid derivative RM-581 lead to major impact on its anticancer activity, metabolic stability and aqueous solubility.
AID1918193Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Identification of Organic Anion Transporter 2 Inhibitors: Screening, Structure-Based Analysis, and Clinical Drug Interaction Risk Assessment.
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1566638Increase in insulin secretion in high glucose-treated rat INS-1 cells at 0.15 uM preincubated with compound and 40 mM glucose for 48 hrs followed by stimulation with KRB buffer containing 5 to 30 mM glucose for 60 mins and measured by ELISA2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-15, Volume: 178New insights into the biological activities of Chrysanthemum morifolium: Natural flavonoids alleviate diabetes by targeting α-glucosidase and the PTP-1B signaling pathway.
AID1163353Insulin secretagogue activity in fasted hyperglycemic Wistar rat assessed as insulin level at 10 mg/kg, po measured 15 mins post dose by ELISA method (Rvb = 2.84 +/- 0.002 ng/mL)2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds.
AID1211791Fraction unbound in human hepatocytes2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
Comparison of cryopreserved HepaRG cells with cryopreserved human hepatocytes for prediction of clearance for 26 drugs.
AID1066948Stimulation of insulin secretion in rat INS-1E cells after 1 hr by alphaLISA assay in presence of 5 mM glucose2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4
The insulin secretory action of novel polycyclic guanidines: discovery through open innovation phenotypic screening, and exploration of structure-activity relationships.
AID1698007Ratio of drug level in human blood to plasma administered through iv dosing by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID1698003Fraction unbound in rat plasma
AID1220059Half life in insulin treated streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes at 4 uM after 60 mins2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1220029Drug metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as remaining parent compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins in absence of 40 uM sulfaphenazole2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID179722Plasma glucose levels of nondiabetic rats after 2 hour of drug administration (25 mg/Kg, po)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-20, Volume: 36, Issue:17
Antihyperglycemic activity of novel naphthalenyl 3H-1,2,3,5-oxathiadiazole 2-oxides.
AID592249Antihyperglycemic activity in ICR mouse assessed as change in blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 1.5 hrs by oral glucose tolerance test (RVb= 2.5 %)2011Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 74, Issue:3
(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide from Ligusticum porteri , an α-glucosidase inhibitor.
AID592331Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic ICR mouse assessed as change in blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 1 hr by oral glucose tolerance test (RVb= 10.3 %)2011Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 74, Issue:3
(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide from Ligusticum porteri , an α-glucosidase inhibitor.
AID194171Effect of the compound (50 mg/kg, po) on rat blood sugar level which was given an oral glucose load (1 g/kg) 1 hr after the administration of compound1984Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 27, Issue:1
Receptor binding sites of hypoglycemic sulfonylureas and related [(acylamino)alkyl]benzoic acids.
AID1172794Increase in PPARgamma gene expression in mouse 3T3L1 cells at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs by RT-PCR method2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22
Novel benzenesulfonylureas containing thiophenylpyrazoline moiety as potential antidiabetic and anticancer agents.
AID1698002Intrinsic clearance in cryopreserved human hepatocytes at 1 uM measured up to 120 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID588218FDA HLAED, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase2004Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4
Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1172787Antidiabetic activity in Wistar rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes assessed as reduction in plasma glucose level at 30 mg/kg, po and dosage repeated for 15 days by GOD-POD method2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22
Novel benzenesulfonylureas containing thiophenylpyrazoline moiety as potential antidiabetic and anticancer agents.
AID173791Hypoglycemic activity by lowering blood glucose in normal rats by 20% after oral administration.1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 26, Issue:7
Sulfonyliminoimidazolidines. A new class of oral hypoglycemic agents. 1. 1-[[p-[2-(acylamino)ethyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]-2-iminoimidazolidines.
AID540212Mean residence time in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID681862TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of 5-carboxyfluorescein accumulation in the presence of glyburide at a concentration of 10uM in MRP1-expressing HeLa cells
AID422005Hypoglycemic activity in normal Wistar rat assessed as variation in glycemia at 10 mg/kg administered via intragastric route after 1.5 hrs by glucose oxidase method relative to control2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Hypoglycemic activity of extracts and compounds from the leaves of Hintonia standleyana and H. latiflora: potential alternatives to the use of the stem bark of these species.
AID1220012Terminal elimination half life in Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID487730Hypoglycemic activity in Wistar rat assessed as change in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 1 hr (RVb = 10.96 +/- 3.67 %)2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID604741Displacement of radiolabeled warfarin from fatty acid-free human serum albumin site 1 in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 at 12 uM by fluorescence spectroscopy2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21
A combined spectroscopic and crystallographic approach to probing drug-human serum albumin interactions.
AID1172791Increase in body weight in Wistar rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes at 30 mg/kg, po measured over 15 days2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22
Novel benzenesulfonylureas containing thiophenylpyrazoline moiety as potential antidiabetic and anticancer agents.
AID478236Antidiabetic activity in Wistar albino rat assessed as reduction of blood glucose level administered qd for 9 days measured after 90 mins last post dose by oral glucose tolerance test (RVb = 135.7 +/- 2.9 mg/dl)2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 45, Issue:5
Derivatives of benzimidazole pharmacophore: synthesis, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic and DNA cleavage studies.
AID487900Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced Wistar rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 5 day relative to control2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID764279Antihyperglycemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as increase of body weight at 20 mg/kg, po qd measured on day 15 (Rvb = -30.3%)2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID1220006AUC (0 to infinity) in Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID751656Displacement of [3H]Glyburide from ATP-sensitive potassium channel in hamster pancreatic HIT-T15 cells after 2 hrs2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6
Cinnamides as selective small-molecule inhibitors of a cellular model of breast cancer stem cells.
AID1473738Inhibition of human BSEP overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-taurocholate in presence of ATP measured after 15 to 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID194735Maximum % decrease of blood glucose (deltaBG) was observed within 4 hour after administration orally at 0.1 mg/kg dose to fasted adult female rats versus a control group; NS =' not significant'1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-17, Volume: 41, Issue:26
Repaglinide and related hypoglycemic benzoic acid derivatives.
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1220052Drug metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins (Rvb = 2.0 +/- 0.13 ug/ml)2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID444054Oral bioavailability in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1220008AUC (0 to t) in normal Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1066945Stimulation of insulin secretion in rat INS-1E cells after 1 hr by alphaLISA assay in presence of 0.1 mM glucose relative to IBMX2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4
The insulin secretory action of novel polycyclic guanidines: discovery through open innovation phenotypic screening, and exploration of structure-activity relationships.
AID1220018Drug metabolism in normal Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as remaining parent compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins in presence of CYP2C11 antibody (Rvb = 15%)2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID179721Plasma glucose levels of nondiabetic rats after 1 hour of drug administration (25 mg/Kg, po)1993Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-20, Volume: 36, Issue:17
Antihyperglycemic activity of novel naphthalenyl 3H-1,2,3,5-oxathiadiazole 2-oxides.
AID1636289Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat blood assessed as cholesterol level at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days (Rvb = 80.09 +/- 9.35 mg/dl)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1251341Agonist activity at PPARgamma (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as receptor transactivation at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20
Antidiabetic effect of novel benzenesulfonylureas as PPAR-γ agonists and their anticancer effect.
AID669731Insulinotropic activity in rat INS1(833/15) cells assessed as increase in insulin secretion at 30 uM after 2 hrs by competitive enzyme immunoassay in the presence of 16 mM glucose2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Discovery of phenylpropanoic acid derivatives containing polar functionalities as potent and orally bioavailable G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID749463Induction of adipogenesis in human bone marrow MSC assessed as adiponectin up-regulation by RT-PCR analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11
The opposite effect of isotype-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors on adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
AID1674183Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in HEK293 cell membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in 3H-TCA uptake incubated for 5 mins by radiodetection method2020Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-22, Volume: 63, Issue:20
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI). Mechanisms and Medicinal Chemistry Avoidance/Mitigation Strategies.
AID437029Inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in human platelet-rich plasma at 100 uM treated 2 mins before ADP challenge by turbidimetric method2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
NO-glibenclamide derivatives: prototypes of a new class of nitric oxide-releasing anti-diabetic drugs.
AID1220031Oral clearance in normal Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID478233Antidiabetic activity in Wistar albino rat assessed as reduction of blood glucose level administered qd for 9 days by glucose oxidation method (RVb = 79.17 +/- 0.48 mg/dl)2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 45, Issue:5
Derivatives of benzimidazole pharmacophore: synthesis, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic and DNA cleavage studies.
AID588211Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1292313Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced Wistar rat model of diabetes assessed as plasma glucose variation at 50 mg/kg, ig measured at 3 hrs post dose by glucometric analysis (Rvb = -13 +/- 10%)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-15, Volume: 24, Issue:10
Synthesis and molecular docking of N'-arylidene-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazides as novel hypoglycemic and antioxidant dual agents.
AID1636287Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat blood assessed as urea level at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days (Rvb = 62.98 +/- 6.21 mg/dl)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID194728Maximum % decrease of blood glucose (deltaBG) was observed within 3 hour after administration orally at 0.1 mg/kg dose to fasted adult female rats versus a control group; NS =' not significant'1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-17, Volume: 41, Issue:26
Repaglinide and related hypoglycemic benzoic acid derivatives.
AID681093TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Sb(III) accumulation in the presence of glibenclamid at a concentration of 10uM in MRP1-expressing MCP cells2006FEBS letters, Dec-22, Volume: 580, Issue:30
Transport of antimony salts by Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts over-expressing the human multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1).
AID48985Binding affinity was determined by displacement of [3H]P1075 from its binding sites in canine cardiac membranes1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-29, Volume: 41, Issue:3
Binding of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) openers to cardiac membranes: correlation of binding affinities with cardioprotective and smooth muscle relaxing potencies.
AID43431Compound was tested for the inhibition of beta-lactamase2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID1220026Drug absorption in normal Sprague-Dawley rat jejunum assessed as 200 uM BCRP inhibitor novobiocin-mediated increase in apparent effective permeability at 10 ug/ml measured at 90 mins of perfusion2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID487732Hypoglycemic activity in Wistar rat assessed as change in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 5 hrs (RVb = 1.21+/- 3.64 %)2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID52774Fold increase in IC50 vs chymotrypsinogen with 1.0 mg/ml saponin2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID487735Antidiabetic activity in Wistar rat assessed as change in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 3 hrs (RVb = -9.83 % +/- 5.67%)2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID1443991Induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in Sprague-Dawley rat liver mitochondria assessed as inhibition of mitochondrial respiration per mg mitochondrial protein measured for 20 mins by A65N-1 oxygen probe based fluorescence assay2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID722837Antidiabetic activity in albino rat diabetic model assessed as plasma glucose level measured after 7 hrs (Rvb = 280 +/- 6.51 mg/dl)2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 23, Issue:2
Dual action spirobicycloimidazolidine-2,4-diones: antidiabetic agents and inhibitors of aldose reductase-an enzyme involved in diabetic complications.
AID1220016Mean residence time in insulin treated Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1188216Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced NIDDM Wistar rat model assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 5 mg/kg administered intragastrically measured at 1 hr post dose relative to control2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18
Synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of a PPARγ and GLUT-4 modulator with hypoglycemic effect.
AID1220049Drug excretion in feces of Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1163354Insulin secretagogue activity in fasted hyperglycemic Wistar rat assessed as insulin level at 10 mg/kg, po measured 30 mins post dose by ELISA method (Rvb = 0.75 +/- 0.007 ng/mL)2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds.
AID1194039Hypoglycemic effect in Wistar albino rat assessed as effect on blood glucose at 0.25 mg/kg, po2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-15, Volume: 23, Issue:8
Design and synthesis of new potassium channel activators derived from the ring opening of diazoxide: study of their vasodilatory effect, stimulation of elastin synthesis and inhibitory effect on insulin release.
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1473932AUC in human at 1.25 to 25 mg, po QD after 24 hrs2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID409958Inhibition of bovine brain MAOA2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21
Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID764284Antihyperglycemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of fasting blood glucose level at 20 mg/kg, po qd measured on day 1 (Rvb = 416.4 +/- 24.2 mg/dl)2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID478235Antidiabetic activity in Wistar albino rat assessed as reduction of blood glucose level administered qd for 9 days measured after 30 mins last post dose by oral glucose tolerance test (RVb = 183.2 +/- 3.68 mg/dl)2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 45, Issue:5
Derivatives of benzimidazole pharmacophore: synthesis, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic and DNA cleavage studies.
AID1286175Inhibition of NLRP3 in LPS activated human monocytes after 30 mins by ELISA analysis in presence of ATP2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 59, Issue:5
Inhibiting the Inflammasome: A Chemical Perspective.
AID749468Induction of adipogenesis in human bone marrow MSC assessed as AOC3 up-regulation by RT-PCR analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11
The opposite effect of isotype-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors on adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1218865Inhibition of OATP1B1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using estrone-3-sulfate substrate2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8
The development, characterization, and application of an OATP1B1 inhibition assay in drug discovery.
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID5985261-Octanol-water distribution coefficient, log D of the compound at pH 7.4 by shake-flask method2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12
Lipophilicity of acidic compounds: impact of ion pair partitioning on drug design.
AID1918194Lipophilicity, log D of the compound2022Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-10, Volume: 65, Issue:21
Identification of Organic Anion Transporter 2 Inhibitors: Screening, Structure-Based Analysis, and Clinical Drug Interaction Risk Assessment.
AID176492Hypoglycemic activity by lowering blood glucose in normal rats by 50% after oral administration.1983Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 26, Issue:7
Sulfonyliminoimidazolidines. A new class of oral hypoglycemic agents. 1. 1-[[p-[2-(acylamino)ethyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]-2-iminoimidazolidines.
AID1209457Unbound Cmax in human plasma2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
In vitro inhibition of the bile salt export pump correlates with risk of cholestatic drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1220033Oral clearance in insulin treated Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1254061Toxicity in overnight fasted ICR mouse assessed as hypoglycemia at 15 mg/kg, po measured at 30 to 180 mins2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 23, Issue:22
Design, synthesis and biological activity of phenoxyacetic acid derivatives as novel free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists.
AID1636303Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat liver assessed as effect on central vein architecture at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days by hematoxylin/eosin staining based microscopy2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID764271Antihyperlipidemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of serum LDL level at 20 mg/kg, po qd for 30 days2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID599100Antihyperglycemic activity in Charles Foster/Wistar albino rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 30 mins before sucrose challenge2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14
Design and synthesis of 3,5-diarylisoxazole derivatives as novel class of anti-hyperglycemic and lipid lowering agents.
AID588213Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1679374Anti-glycemic activity in C57 mouse assessed as reduction in blood glucose excursion measured for 120 mins by IPGTT2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 02-15, Volume: 28, Issue:4
Discovery of a novel potent GPR40 full agonist.
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1163358Effect on glycogen content in liver of fasted hyperglycemic Wistar rat assessed per gram of tissue at 10 mg/kg, po measured 3 hrs post dose (Rvb = 14.6 +/- 1.27 mg/g of tissue)2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds.
AID1220010AUC (0 to t) in insulin treated Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1220048Drug excretion in normal Sprague-Dawley rat feces at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID687531Antidiabetic activity in STZ-nicotinamide diabetic Wistar rat T2DM model assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 5 mg/kg, po after 5 hrs by enzymatic glucose oxidase method relative to control2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID1373882Induction of adipogenesis in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells assessed as increase in adiponectin production at 10 uM measured on day 5 in presence of IDX by ELISA2018Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-01, Volume: 26, Issue:5
2-Formyl-komarovicine promotes adiponectin production in human mesenchymal stem cells through PPARγ partial agonism.
AID680807TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of 5-carboxyfluorescein accumulation in MRP2-expressing MDCK cells
AID437022Hypoglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose AUC level at 10 mg/kg, ip measured for 2 hrs (Rvb= 45318 mg/dl/2 h)2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
NO-glibenclamide derivatives: prototypes of a new class of nitric oxide-releasing anti-diabetic drugs.
AID1636275Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as body weight at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered on day 7 post STZ challenge measured immediately post dosage (Rvb = 330.7 +/- 9.2 g)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID749469Induction of adipogenesis in human bone marrow MSC assessed as MAO-B up-regulation by RT-PCR analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11
The opposite effect of isotype-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors on adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
AID1251337Antidiabetic activity in Wistar rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 30 mg/kg, po dosed 30 mins before glucose challenge and measured 30 and 60 mins post glucose challenge by OGTT method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20
Antidiabetic effect of novel benzenesulfonylureas as PPAR-γ agonists and their anticancer effect.
AID669726Insulinotropic activity in rat INS1(833/15) cells assessed as increase in insulin secretion at 30 uM after 2 hrs by competitive enzyme immunoassay in the presence of low concentration of glucose2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 55, Issue:8
Discovery of phenylpropanoic acid derivatives containing polar functionalities as potent and orally bioavailable G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID1209456Inhibition of Sprague-Dawley rat Bsep expressed in plasma membrane vesicles of Sf21 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-dependent [3H]taurocholate uptake2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
In vitro inhibition of the bile salt export pump correlates with risk of cholestatic drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID1220050Drug excretion in feces of insulin treated Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1211798Intrinsic clearance in human using well stirred liver model by LC-MS/MS method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
Comparison of cryopreserved HepaRG cells with cryopreserved human hepatocytes for prediction of clearance for 26 drugs.
AID1451041Displacement of Fluormone-Pan-PPAR Green from human GST-tagged PPARdelta LBD at 10 uM by TR-FRET assay relative to control2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17
Polypharmacology of N
AID315113Antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model assessed as reduction of plasma glucose levels at 100 mg/kg, po after 5 hrs2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Synthesis and antihyperglycemic activity of novel N-acyl-2-arylethylamines and N-acyl-3-coumarylamines.
AID1220042Drug excretion in normal Sprague-Dawley rat bile at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1698009Hepatic clearance in cynomolgus monkey at < 1 mg/kg, iv administered as cassette dosing
AID1220045Drug excretion in normal Sprague-Dawley rat urine at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1474167Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID444050Fraction unbound in human plasma2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID331896Antidiabetic effect in streptozo-nicotinamide rat model of diabetes assessed as change in blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po after 5 hrs relative to control2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 18, Issue:9
Antidiabetic activity of N-(6-substituted-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamides.
AID764258Antiatherosclerosis activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as protection from atherogenicity at 20 mg/kg, po qd for 30 days relative to control2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID43563Fold decrease in IC50 vs beta-lactamase on pre-incubation2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID667965Cell cycle arrest in human U373 cells assessed as accumulation at G0/G1 phase at 10 to 30 uM after 24 hrs by propidium iodide staining-based flow cytometric analysis2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 54N-Aryl-N'-(chroman-4-yl)ureas and thioureas display in vitro anticancer activity and selectivity on apoptosis-resistant glioblastoma cells: screening, synthesis of simplified derivatives, and structure-activity relationship analysis.
AID1163359Toxicity in fasted hyperglycemic Wistar rat assessed as LDH level at 10 mg/kg, po by spectrophotometry based LDH release assay (Rvb = 75.63 +/- 7.08 IU/L)2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds.
AID444057Fraction escaping hepatic elimination in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1288104Toxicity in overnight fasted ICR mouse assessed as hypoglycemic effect at 15 mg/kg, po after 30 to 120 mins by OGTT method2016European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-04, Volume: 113Design, synthesis and Structure-activity relationship studies of new thiazole-based free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID485558Antihyperglycemic activity in Sprague-Dawley albino rat streptozotocin-induced beta-cell damaged diabetic model assessed as decrease of blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 30 mins before glucose challenge measured after 5 hrs by glucometer2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 18, Issue:11
Design and synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted polyhydroquinolines as prospective antihyperglycemic and lipid modulating agents.
AID1443992Total Cmax in human administered as single dose2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID1204820In-vivo hypoglycemic activity in alloxan-pretreated diabetic BALB/c mouse assessed as blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 2 hrs by glucometer analysis (Rvb = 385.2 +/- 8.94 mg/dl)2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 98Synthesis, characterization, hypoglycemic and aldose reductase inhibition activity of arylsulfonylspiro[fluorene-9,5'-imidazolidine]-2',4'-diones.
AID80017Antiarrhythmic effect in Guinea pig papillary muscle KATP channel at 0.2 uM2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 44, Issue:7
Cardioselective K(ATP) channel blockers derived from a new series of m-anisamidoethylbenzenesulfonylthioureas.
AID1473835Stimulation of human MRP2 overexpressed in Sf9 cell membrane vesicles assessed as uptake of [3H]-estradiol-17beta-D-glucuronide in presence of ATP and GSH measured after 20 mins by membrane vesicle transport assay2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1188219Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced NIDDM Wistar rat model assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 5 mg/kg administered intragastrically measured at 7 hrs post dose relative to control2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18
Synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of a PPARγ and GLUT-4 modulator with hypoglycemic effect.
AID1451034Induction of adipogenesis in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells assessed as adiponectin level at 20 uM measured on day 7 after 48 hrs by ELISA2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-14, Volume: 60, Issue:17
Polypharmacology of N
AID540210Clearance in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID223566Antiarrhythmic effect in hSUR1/hKir6.2 (pancreatic KATP channel) transfected in CHO cells at 3 nM2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 44, Issue:7
Cardioselective K(ATP) channel blockers derived from a new series of m-anisamidoethylbenzenesulfonylthioureas.
AID521220Inhibition of neurosphere proliferation of mouse neural precursor cells by MTT assay2007Nature chemical biology, May, Volume: 3, Issue:5
Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.
AID80019Antiarrhythmic effect in Guinea pig papillary muscle KATP channel at 2 uM2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-29, Volume: 44, Issue:7
Cardioselective K(ATP) channel blockers derived from a new series of m-anisamidoethylbenzenesulfonylthioureas.
AID1220051Drug metabolism in normal Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins (Rvb = 2.06 +/- 0.12 ug/ml)2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID76398The inhibitory concentration was measured on guinea pig cardiomyocytes2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Recent developments in the biology and medicinal chemistry of potassium channel modulators: update from a decade of progress.
AID176587Half-maximal effective dose was measured on rat blood glucose after administrating at 4 hr1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-17, Volume: 41, Issue:26
Repaglinide and related hypoglycemic benzoic acid derivatives.
AID1918890Induction of adipogenesis in differentiated human BMMSC cells assessed as fold increase in adiponectin level at 5 uM in presence of IDX by ELISA relative to control2022Journal of natural products, 12-23, Volume: 85, Issue:12
Discovery of Pan-peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Modulators from an Endolichenic Fungus,
AID1220004Cmax in Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1636350Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as increase in body weight at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days post STZ challenge measured on day 212016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1188217Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced NIDDM Wistar rat model assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 5 mg/kg administered intragastrically measured at 3 hrs post dose relative to control2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 24, Issue:18
Synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of a PPARγ and GLUT-4 modulator with hypoglycemic effect.
AID1218863Inhibition of OATP1B1 (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells using pitavastatin substrate2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Aug, Volume: 40, Issue:8
The development, characterization, and application of an OATP1B1 inhibition assay in drug discovery.
AID588968Substrates of transporters of clinical importance in the absorption and disposition of drugs, OATP2B12010Nature reviews. Drug discovery, Mar, Volume: 9, Issue:3
Membrane transporters in drug development.
AID681473TP_TRANSPORTER: increase in Colchicine intracellular accumulation (Colchicine: 0.035 uM, Glibenclamide: 100 uM) in CC531mdr+ cells1999Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, Apr, Volume: 437, Issue:5
P-glycoprotein inhibition by glibenclamide and related compounds.
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID422011Antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as variation in glycemia at 10 mg/kg administered via intragastric route 7 days after streptozotocin challenge measured after 3 hrs of compound administration by glucose oxi2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Hypoglycemic activity of extracts and compounds from the leaves of Hintonia standleyana and H. latiflora: potential alternatives to the use of the stem bark of these species.
AID1323835Displacement of [3H]rosiglitazone from recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged MitoNEET cytosolic domain (32 to 108 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by Cheng-Prusoff analysis2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 26, Issue:21
Identification of small molecules that bind to the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET.
AID425652Total body clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID764273Antihyperlipidemic activity in Wistar albino rat streptozotocin-induced diabetic model assessed as reduction of serum triglyceride level at 20 mg/kg, po qd for 30 days2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 66Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of 2-(4-[(2-hydroxybenzyl) amino]-phenyl amino-methyl)-phenol in STZ induced diabetic rats.
AID665545Hypoglycemic activity in glucose-fed normoglycemic Wistar rat assessed as decrease in rise of blood glucose at 5 to 10 mg/kg, po single dose measured up to 4 hrs post dose by oral glucose tolerance test2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 53Synthesis, in vitro and in silico screening of ethyl 2-(6-substituted benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)-2-oxoacetates as protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors.
AID409943Inhibition of human recombinant MAOB by fluorimetric method2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21
Quantitative structure-activity relationship and complex network approach to monoamine oxidase A and B inhibitors.
AID218694Fold increase in IC50 vs beta-lactamase with 10x increased enzyme2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID1220024Drug absorption in normal Sprague-Dawley rat jejunum assessed as 50 to 200 uM BCRP inhibitor novobiocin-mediated increase in apparent effective permeability at 10 ug/ml2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1698011Fraction unbound in human plasma
AID687529Antidiabetic activity in STZ-nicotinamide diabetic Wistar rat T2DM model assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 5 mg/kg, po after 1 hr by enzymatic glucose oxidase method relative to control2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 46, Issue:6
Antidiabetic activity of some pentacyclic acid triterpenoids, role of PTP-1B: in vitro, in silico, and in vivo approaches.
AID749045Hypoglycemic activity in STZ-nicotinamide-induced Wistar rat diabetic model at 5 mg/kg, po after 1 to 7 hrs2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11
Discovery, synthesis and in combo studies of a tetrazole analogue of clofibric acid as a potent hypoglycemic agent.
AID1220009AUC (0 to t) in Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1486865Antidiabetic activity in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mouse assessed as increase in insulin secretion at 10 mg/kg, po pretreated for 1 hr followed by glucose challenge by OGTT
AID1636301Antioxidant activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat liver assessed as SOD level measured per mg of protein at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days by NBT reduction test (Rvb = 0.22 +/- 0.06 microM/min)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID201324Inhibition of human SUR2A/Kir6.2 expressed in Xenopus oocytes2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Recent developments in the biology and medicinal chemistry of potassium channel modulators: update from a decade of progress.
AID1542893Induction of hypoglycemia in fasting normal ICR mouse assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 15 mg/kg, po measured up to 3 hrs post dose2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 06-15, Volume: 29, Issue:12
Design, synthesis and biological activity of deuterium-based FFA1 agonists with improved pharmacokinetic profiles.
AID1163350Antihyperglycemic activity in fasted hyperglycemic Wistar rat assessed as serum glucose level at 10 mg/kg, po measured 30 mins post dose by oral glucose tolerance test (Rvb = 190.15 +/- 1.77 mg/dL)2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds.
AID1220056AUC (0 to 60 mins) in insulin treated streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes at 4 uM after 60 mins2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID680320TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OATP2B1-expressing HEK293 cells2005Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Apr, Volume: 33, Issue:4
Citrus juices inhibit the function of human organic anion-transporting polypeptide OATP-B.
AID576612Inhibition of human ERG2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 46, Issue:2
Predicting hERG activities of compounds from their 3D structures: development and evaluation of a global descriptors based QSAR model.
AID1163355Insulin secretagogue activity in fasted hyperglycemic Wistar rat assessed as insulin level at 10 mg/kg, po measured 60 mins post dose by ELISA method (Rvb = 0.59 +/- 0.004 ng/mL)2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds.
AID1636352Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as change in fasting blood glucose level at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days post STZ challenge measured on day 21 by glucometry (Rvb = 63.75 +/- 7.3 mg/dl)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID161279Mean maximal plasma concentration2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID264867Antihyperglycemic activity in sucrose-loaded Sprague-Dawley rat at 100 mg/kg2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 16, Issue:10
Novel substituted naphthalen-1-yl-methanone derivatives as anti-hyperglycemic agents.
AID1220015Mean residence time in Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID180678The inhibitory concentration was measured on the rat insulinoma cell line RIN-m5F2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Recent developments in the biology and medicinal chemistry of potassium channel modulators: update from a decade of progress.
AID599103Antihyperglycemic activity in C57BL/Ks db/db mouse assessed as reduction in blood glucose level measured after 3 days relative to control2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 17, Issue:14
Design and synthesis of 3,5-diarylisoxazole derivatives as novel class of anti-hyperglycemic and lipid lowering agents.
AID1698005Ratio of drug level in Wistar Hannover rat blood to plasma administered through iv dosing by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1698000Apparent permeability in dog MDCKII-LE cells at pH 7.4
AID487737Antidiabetic activity in Wistar rat assessed as change in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 5 hrs (RVb = -1.17% +/- 8.77%)2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID422009Hypoglycemic activity in normal Wistar rat assessed as variation in glycemia at 10 mg/kg administered via intragastric route after 9 hrs by glucose oxidase method relative to control2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Hypoglycemic activity of extracts and compounds from the leaves of Hintonia standleyana and H. latiflora: potential alternatives to the use of the stem bark of these species.
AID1211794Fraction unbound in blood (not specified)2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
Comparison of cryopreserved HepaRG cells with cryopreserved human hepatocytes for prediction of clearance for 26 drugs.
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID1220011Terminal elimination half life in normal Sprague-Dawley rat at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1537168Induction of adipogenesis in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells assessed as increase in adiponectin production measured on day 5 in presence of IDX by ELISA2019Journal of natural products, 02-22, Volume: 82, Issue:2
Adiponectin-Secretion-Promoting Phenylethylchromones from the Agarwood of Aquilaria malaccensis.
AID705946Antidiabetic activity in overnight fasted Wister Han rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 1 mg/kg body weight, po administered 30 mins prior to glucose challenge within 45 mins (Rvb = 155 mg/dl)2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-13, Volume: 55, Issue:17
Identification of a promising drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes based on a P2Y(1) receptor agonist.
AID1220043Drug excretion in bile of Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID315114Antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model assessed as reduction of plasma glucose levels at 100 mg/kg, po after 24 hrs2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 18, Issue:7
Synthesis and antihyperglycemic activity of novel N-acyl-2-arylethylamines and N-acyl-3-coumarylamines.
AID654709Antidiabetic activity in diet-induced ICR mouse T2DM model assessed as reduction in plasma glucose level at 5 mg/kg, ip after 60 mins (Rvb = 170 +/- 2.8 mg/dL)2012Journal of natural products, Feb-24, Volume: 75, Issue:2
Hypoglycemic diterpenoids from Tinospora crispa.
AID91481Binding constant against human serum albumin (HSA)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-06, Volume: 44, Issue:25
Cheminformatic models to predict binding affinities to human serum albumin.
AID422014Antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat assessed as variation in glycemia at 10 mg/kg administered via intragastric route 7 days after streptozotocin challenge measured after 9 hrs of compound administration by glucose oxi2009Journal of natural products, Mar-27, Volume: 72, Issue:3
Hypoglycemic activity of extracts and compounds from the leaves of Hintonia standleyana and H. latiflora: potential alternatives to the use of the stem bark of these species.
AID1637020Induction of insulin secretion in human pancreatic islets at 1 uM in presence of glucose2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 09-01, Volume: 26, Issue:17
Discovery of novel potent imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine PDE10a inhibitors.
AID1486866Antidiabetic activity in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mouse assessed as decrease in blood glucose AUC at 10 mg/kg, po pretreated for 1 hr followed by glucose challenge after 1 hr of compound dosing measured up to 120 mins post glucose challenge by OGTT
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID682039TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein efflux (Calcein: 0.5 micro;M, Glibenclamide, 50-100 uM, increase intercellular CF level by ~2 fold) in isolated rat hepatocytes2001British journal of pharmacology, Feb, Volume: 132, Issue:3
The sulphonylurea glibenclamide inhibits multidrug resistance protein (MRP1) activity in human lung cancer cells.
AID1066946Stimulation of insulin secretion in rat INS-1E cells after 1 hr by alphaLISA assay in presence of 0.1 mM glucose2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Feb-15, Volume: 24, Issue:4
The insulin secretory action of novel polycyclic guanidines: discovery through open innovation phenotypic screening, and exploration of structure-activity relationships.
AID540213Half life in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID396648Antihyperglycemic activity against sucrose-loaded Charles-Foster Wistar albino rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose at 100 mg/kg, po administered 30 mins before sucrose challenge relative to control2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Novel 2-aryl-naphtho[1,2-d]oxazole derivatives as potential PTP-1B inhibitors showing antihyperglycemic activities.
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1204828In-vivo hypoglycemic activity in alloxan-pretreated diabetic BALB/c mouse assessed as blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 8 hrs by glucometer analysis2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 98Synthesis, characterization, hypoglycemic and aldose reductase inhibition activity of arylsulfonylspiro[fluorene-9,5'-imidazolidine]-2',4'-diones.
AID437024Induction of 20 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human pancreatic islet cells assessed as insulin stimulation index at 10 uM by immunoradiometric assay2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 17, Issue:15
NO-glibenclamide derivatives: prototypes of a new class of nitric oxide-releasing anti-diabetic drugs.
AID400352Antihyperglycemic effect in STZ-diabetic ddY mouse assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 30 umol/kg, ip after 6 hrs by glucose oxidase method1998Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 61, Issue:3
Antihyperglycemic effects of N-containing sugars from Xanthocercis zambesiaca, Morus bombycis, Aglaonema treubii, and Castanospermum australe in streptozotocin-diabetic mice.
AID1636299Antioxidant activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat liver assessed as glutathione peroxidase level measured as NADPH consumption per mg of protein at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days (Rvb = 10 +/- 0.6 microM/min)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID487899Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced Wistar rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 4 day relative to control2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID679148TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PAH uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes2000European journal of pharmacology, Jun-16, Volume: 398, Issue:2
Inhibitory effect of anti-diabetic agents on rat organic anion transporter rOAT1.
AID444052Hepatic clearance in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1636293Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat blood assessed as LDL level at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days (Rvb = 23.11 +/- 9.82 mg/dl)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1443995Hepatotoxicity in human assessed as drug-induced liver injury2014Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), Sep, Volume: 60, Issue:3
Human drug-induced liver injury severity is highly associated with dual inhibition of liver mitochondrial function and bile salt export pump.
AID749464Induction of adipogenesis in human bone marrow MSC assessed as PPARgamma up-regulation by RT-PCR analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11
The opposite effect of isotype-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors on adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
AID1220063Drug metabolism in normal Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as remaining parent compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins in presence of 40 uM sulfaphenazole (Rvb = 8%)2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID487731Hypoglycemic activity in Wistar rat assessed as change in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 3 hrs (RVb = 1.39 +/- 5.895 %)2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID1163352Antihyperglycemic activity in fasted hyperglycemic Wistar rat assessed as serum glucose level at 10 mg/kg, po measured 180 mins post dose by oral glucose tolerance test (Rvb = 141.15 +/- 4.47 mg/dL)2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds.
AID1473936Ratio of drug concentration at steady state in human at 1.25 to 25 mg, po QD after 24 hrs to IC50 for human MRP4 overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1323834Displacement of [3H]rosiglitazone from recombinant human C-terminal His-tagged MitoNEET cytosolic domain (32 to 108 residues) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 by scintillation proximity assay2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 11-01, Volume: 26, Issue:21
Identification of small molecules that bind to the mitochondrial protein mitoNEET.
AID317690Antidiabetic activity in sucrose loaded albino Sprague-Dawley rat model assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 16, Issue:5
Omega-(2-Naphthyloxy) amino alkanes as a novel class of anti-hyperglycemic and lipid lowering agents.
AID749471Induction of adipogenesis in human bone marrow MSC assessed as MAO-A up-regulation by RT-PCR analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 23, Issue:11
The opposite effect of isotype-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors on adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
AID598525Lipophilicity, log P of the compound2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 21, Issue:12
Lipophilicity of acidic compounds: impact of ion pair partitioning on drug design.
AID592247Antihyperglycemic activity in ICR mouse assessed as change in blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 0.5 hr by oral glucose tolerance test (RVb= 59 %)2011Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 74, Issue:3
(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide from Ligusticum porteri , an α-glucosidase inhibitor.
AID613543Antihyperlipidemic activity in high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia Swiss albino rat model assessed as reduction in serum cholesterol level at 10 mg/kg/day, po administered via gavage simultaneously with diet cocktail for 14 days by UV-spect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel cyclic-imides as hypoglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidemic agents.
AID425653Renal clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID1163357Effect on glycogen content in skeletal muscle of fasted hyperglycemic Wistar rat assessed per gram of tissue at 10 mg/kg, po measured 3 hrs post dose (Rvb = 8.6 +/- 1 mg/g of tissue)2014European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86Novel sulfonyl(thio)urea derivatives act efficiently both as insulin secretagogues and as insulinomimetic compounds.
AID679745TP_TRANSPORTER: increase in Colchicine intracellular accumulation (Colchicine: 0.0175 uM, Glibenclamide: 100 uM) in CEM/VBL600 cells1999Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, Apr, Volume: 437, Issue:5
P-glycoprotein inhibition by glibenclamide and related compounds.
AID1233699Hypoglycemic effect in Wistar rat model of streptozotocin-induced type-2 diabetes mellitus assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 5 mg/kg, ig after 7 hrs2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 1001,5-Diarylpyrazole and vanillin hybrids: Synthesis, biological activity and DFT studies.
AID592334Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic ICR mouse assessed as change in blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 1.5 hrs by oral glucose tolerance test (RVb= 0.005 %)2011Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 74, Issue:3
(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide from Ligusticum porteri , an α-glucosidase inhibitor.
AID264868Antihyperglycemic activity in sucrose charged streptozotocin-induced beta cell damaged diabetic Sprague-Dawley rat at 100 mg/kg2006Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-15, Volume: 16, Issue:10
Novel substituted naphthalen-1-yl-methanone derivatives as anti-hyperglycemic agents.
AID1220047Drug excretion in urine of insulin treated Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID194589Maximum % decrease of blood glucose (deltaBG) was observed within 0.5 hour after administration orally at 0.1 mg/kg dose to fasted adult female rats versus a control group; NS =' not significant'1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-17, Volume: 41, Issue:26
Repaglinide and related hypoglycemic benzoic acid derivatives.
AID1473933Drug concentration at steady state in human at 1.25 to 25 mg, po QD after 24 hrs2013Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Nov, Volume: 136, Issue:1
A multifactorial approach to hepatobiliary transporter assessment enables improved therapeutic compound development.
AID1220062Apparent hepatic clearance in insulin treated streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed per mg protein at 4 uM after 60 mins2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID566349Inhibition of rat K+ATP channel2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21
Discovery of {1-[4-(2-{hexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl}-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl]cyclooctyl}methanol, systemically potent novel non-peptide agonist of nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor as analgesic for the treatment of neuropathic pain: de
AID344048Insulinotropic activity in rat INS1 cells assessed as glucose-mediated insulin release at 1 ug/ml by radioimmunoassay relative to glucose2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jul-15, Volume: 16, Issue:14
Synthesis and biological activity of some new flavonyl-2,4-thiazolidinediones.
AID1292314Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced Wistar rat model of diabetes assessed as plasma glucose variation at 50 mg/kg, ig measured at 5 hrs post dose by glucometric analysis (Rvb = -2 +/- 6%)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 05-15, Volume: 24, Issue:10
Synthesis and molecular docking of N'-arylidene-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazides as novel hypoglycemic and antioxidant dual agents.
AID1204824In-vivo hypoglycemic activity in alloxan-pretreated diabetic BALB/c mouse assessed as blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 6 hrs by glucometer analysis (Rvb = 385.2 +/- 8.94 mg/dl)2015European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-15, Volume: 98Synthesis, characterization, hypoglycemic and aldose reductase inhibition activity of arylsulfonylspiro[fluorene-9,5'-imidazolidine]-2',4'-diones.
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1211797Intrinsic clearance in cryopreserved human hepatocytes cells assessed per 10'6 cells by LC-MS/MS method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 40, Issue:1
Comparison of cryopreserved HepaRG cells with cryopreserved human hepatocytes for prediction of clearance for 26 drugs.
AID679145TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Taurocholate uptake in membrane vesicles from Bsep-expressing Sf9 cells2000Gastroenterology, Feb, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Drug- and estrogen-induced cholestasis through inhibition of the hepatocellular bile salt export pump (Bsep) of rat liver.
AID680940TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Taurocholate uptake(Glibenclamide 30uM, 50 % of control) in membrane vesicles prepared from High Five cells infected with the ABCB11 baculovirus2002Gastroenterology, Nov, Volume: 123, Issue:5
The human bile salt export pump: characterization of substrate specificity and identification of inhibitors.
AID722841Antidiabetic activity in albino rat diabetic model assessed as plasma glucose level measured after 3 hrs (Rvb = 263 +/- 10.67 mg/dl)2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 23, Issue:2
Dual action spirobicycloimidazolidine-2,4-diones: antidiabetic agents and inhibitors of aldose reductase-an enzyme involved in diabetic complications.
AID681852TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Digoxin uptake (Digoxin: 0.05 uM, Glibenclamide: 1000 uM) in Oatp2-expressing LLC-PK1 cells2002Pharmaceutical research, Feb, Volume: 19, Issue:2
Comparative inhibitory effects of different compounds on rat oatpl (slc21a1)- and Oatp2 (Slc21a5)-mediated transport.
AID1062234Hypoglycemic activity in STZ-nicotinamide Wistar rat model of diabetes at 50 mg/kg administered intragastrically as single dose measured after 7 hrs relative to control2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 69Synthesis, hypoglycemic activity and molecular modeling studies of pyrazole-3-carbohydrazides designed by a CoMFA model.
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID665546Hypoglycemic activity in normoglycemic Wistar rat at 10 mg/kg, po administered as single dose measured up to 3 hrs post dose2012European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 53Synthesis, in vitro and in silico screening of ethyl 2-(6-substituted benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylamino)-2-oxoacetates as protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors.
AID467611Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11
Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.
AID1486862Toxicity in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mouse assessed as induction of hypoglycemia at 10 mg/kg, po after 1 hr
AID386623Inhibition of 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium uptake at human OCT1 expressed in HEK293 cells at 100 uM by confocal microscopy2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19
Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1.
AID396651Antihyperglycemic activity against C57BL/KsBom db/db type 2 diabetic mouse model assessed as decrease in postprandial blood glucose level on day 3 by OGTT relative to control2009European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 44, Issue:1
Novel 2-aryl-naphtho[1,2-d]oxazole derivatives as potential PTP-1B inhibitors showing antihyperglycemic activities.
AID485557Antihyperglycemic activity in Sprague-Dawley albino rat streptozotocin-induced beta-cell damaged diabetic model assessed as decrease of blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 30 mins before glucose challenge measured after 24 hrs by glucometer2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 18, Issue:11
Design and synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted polyhydroquinolines as prospective antihyperglycemic and lipid modulating agents.
AID1220017Drug metabolism in insulin treated streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as remaining parent compound level at 4 uM after 60 mins in presence of 10 uM sulfaphenazole2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID592248Antihyperglycemic activity in ICR mouse assessed as change in blood glucose level at 10 mg/kg after 1 hr by oral glucose tolerance test (RVb= 1.5 %)2011Journal of natural products, Mar-25, Volume: 74, Issue:3
(Z)-3-butylidenephthalide from Ligusticum porteri , an α-glucosidase inhibitor.
AID977602Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID444055Fraction absorbed in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID699540Inhibition of human liver OATP1B3 expressed in HEK293 Flp-In cells assessed as reduction in [3H]E17-betaG uptake at 20 uM incubated for 5 mins by scintillation counting2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-24, Volume: 55, Issue:10
Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions.
AID1172790Transactivation of PPARgamma (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells incubated for 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay relative to rosiglitazone2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-15, Volume: 24, Issue:22
Novel benzenesulfonylureas containing thiophenylpyrazoline moiety as potential antidiabetic and anticancer agents.
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID1251339Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat model assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 30 mg/kg, po repeated for 15 days by GOD-POD method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20
Antidiabetic effect of novel benzenesulfonylureas as PPAR-γ agonists and their anticancer effect.
AID1251344Increase in PPARgamma mRNA expression in mouse 3T3L1 cells at 10 uM incubated for 24 hrs by RT-PCR method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20
Antidiabetic effect of novel benzenesulfonylureas as PPAR-γ agonists and their anticancer effect.
AID722839Antidiabetic activity in albino rat diabetic model assessed as plasma glucose level measured after 5 hrs (Rvb = 275 +/- 3.53 mg/dl)2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-15, Volume: 23, Issue:2
Dual action spirobicycloimidazolidine-2,4-diones: antidiabetic agents and inhibitors of aldose reductase-an enzyme involved in diabetic complications.
AID1220019Drug absorption in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat jejunum at 10 ug/ml after 30 mins of in situ single-pass perfusion relative to normal rat2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID194734Maximum % decrease of blood glucose (deltaBG) was observed within 4 hour after administration orally at 0.1 mg/kg dose to fasted adult female rats versus a control group; ND ='not determined'1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-17, Volume: 41, Issue:26
Repaglinide and related hypoglycemic benzoic acid derivatives.
AID444058Volume of distribution at steady state in human2010Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1636297Antioxidant activity in STZ-induced diabetic Wistar rat liver assessed as catalase level measured as H2O2 consumption per mg of protein at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered for 15 days (Rvb = 68.9 +/- 11.1 microM/min)2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-Di-O-acetyl-cis-khellactone in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1251345Solubility of the compound2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20
Antidiabetic effect of novel benzenesulfonylureas as PPAR-γ agonists and their anticancer effect.
AID1220007AUC (0 to infinity) in insulin treated Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID977599Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1220058Half life in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes at 4 uM after 60 mins2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID1288420Toxicity in ICR mouse assessed as hypoglycemic effect at 15 mg/kg, po measured up to 180 mins2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 24, Issue:9
Discovery of novel pyrrole-based scaffold as potent and orally bioavailable free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
AID487897Antidiabetic activity in STZ-induced Wistar rat assessed as reduction in blood glucose level at 50 mg/kg, ig after 2 day relative to control2010European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 45, Issue:6
A comparative study of flavonoid analogues on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats: quercetin as a potential antidiabetic agent acting via 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibition.
AID404304Effect on human MRP2-mediated estradiol-17-beta-glucuronide transport in Sf9 cells inverted membrane vesicles relative to control2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-12, Volume: 51, Issue:11
Prediction and identification of drug interactions with the human ATP-binding cassette transporter multidrug-resistance associated protein 2 (MRP2; ABCC2).
AID1698006Ratio of drug level in cynomolgus monkey blood to plasma administered through iv dosing by LC-MS/MS analysis
AID1474166Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID194596Maximum % decrease of blood glucose (deltaBG) was observed within 2 hour after administration orally at 0.1 mg/kg dose to fasted adult female rats versus a control group; NS =' not significant'1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-17, Volume: 41, Issue:26
Repaglinide and related hypoglycemic benzoic acid derivatives.
AID317691Antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic albino Sprague-Dawley rat model assessed as decrease in blood glucose level at 100 mg/kg, po2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 16, Issue:5
Omega-(2-Naphthyloxy) amino alkanes as a novel class of anti-hyperglycemic and lipid lowering agents.
AID1220035Apparent oral volume of distribution in Sprague-Dawley rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus at 10 mg/kg, po by HPLC method2012Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jun, Volume: 40, Issue:6
Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.
AID68758Inhibitory concentration towards rat mitochondrial F1F0 ATP hydrolase using a pyruvate kinase / lactate dehydrogenase system2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5
Small molecule mitochondrial F1F0 ATPase hydrolase inhibitors as cardioprotective agents. Identification of 4-(N-arylimidazole)-substituted benzopyran derivatives as selective hydrolase inhibitors.
AID147661K+ channel blocking activity in neuroblastoma cells expressing HERG Kv11.12002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-29, Volume: 45, Issue:18
Toward a pharmacophore for drugs inducing the long QT syndrome: insights from a CoMFA study of HERG K(+) channel blockers.
AID588212Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID588461High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588461High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588461High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, Validation compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588459High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588459High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588459High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, Validation compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588460High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588460High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588460High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, Validation Compound Set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347058CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347045Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID588378qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID1347410qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library2019Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening.
AID1347151Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347405qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347059CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID588349qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID504836Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation2002The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16
Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID1347049Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347057CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347050Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347160Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347159Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346573Mouse Kir6.2 (Inwardly rectifying potassium channels)1995Science (New York, N.Y.), Nov-17, Volume: 270, Issue:5239
Reconstitution of IKATP: an inward rectifier subunit plus the sulfonylurea receptor.
AID1346885Human CFTR (CFTR)1992The Journal of general physiology, Oct, Volume: 100, Issue:4
Effect of ATP-sensitive K+ channel regulators on cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride currents.
AID1346630Rat Kir6.2 (Inwardly rectifying potassium channels)1996The Journal of biological chemistry, Oct-04, Volume: 271, Issue:40
A novel sulfonylurea receptor forms with BIR (Kir6.2) a smooth muscle type ATP-sensitive K+ channel.
AID1346573Mouse Kir6.2 (Inwardly rectifying potassium channels)1996Neuron, May, Volume: 16, Issue:5
A family of sulfonylurea receptors determines the pharmacological properties of ATP-sensitive K+ channels.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
AID493017Wombat Data for BeliefDocking2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-18, Volume: 50, Issue:21
1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-thiopropyl-tetrahydrobenzazepines: a series of potent and selective dopamine D(3) receptor antagonists.
AID1224864HCS microscopy assay (F508del-CFTR)2016PloS one, , Volume: 11, Issue:10
Increasing the Endoplasmic Reticulum Pool of the F508del Allele of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Leads to Greater Folding Correction by Small Molecule Therapeutics.
AID1802150TREK1 Assay from Article 10.1111/cbdd.12810: \\Identification of the first in silico-designed TREK1 antagonists that block channel currents dose dependently.\\2016Chemical biology & drug design, Dec, Volume: 88, Issue:6
Identification of the first in silico-designed TREK1 antagonists that block channel currents dose dependently.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (6,243)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-1990930 (14.90)18.7374
1990's1993 (31.92)18.2507
2000's1819 (29.14)29.6817
2010's1244 (19.93)24.3611
2020's257 (4.12)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 84.69

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index84.69 (24.57)
Research Supply Index8.88 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.66 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index156.81 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (84.69)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials620 (9.46%)5.53%
Reviews250 (3.81%)6.00%
Case Studies274 (4.18%)4.05%
Observational4 (0.06%)0.25%
Other5,406 (82.48%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (102)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Phase 1 Study for Testing Efficacy of Cissus Verticillata L Infusion in Controlling Glucose Concentration [NCT01145534]Phase 1/Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Saxagliptin in Combination With Glyburide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control With Glyburide Alone [NCT00313313]Phase 3768 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-04-30Completed
A Phase 1, Open-Label, Parallel, Sequential, Multi-part Study to Evaluate the Effect of IW-3718 on the Pharmacokinetics of an Oral Contraceptive, Levothyroxine, Glyburide, and Digoxin in Healthy Adult Volunteers [NCT03856970]Phase 187 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-03-11Completed
Phase 1 Study of Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Vitamin C Supplementation Plus Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs Versus Hypoglycemic Drugs Alone on Serum Selenium, Zinc, Copper and Malondialdehyde Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Microvascular Compli [NCT01319734]Phase 150 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-02-28Recruiting
Comparative Open-label,Randomized, Fasting, Single Dose, Two-way Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Glibenclamide From Glibesyn 5 mg Tablets (Medochemie LTD Cyprus) and Daonil 5 mg Tablets (Sanofi-Aventis Cyprus Ltd. ) [NCT03855306]Phase 127 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-06-30Completed
A Multi-center, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Study to Compare the Effect of a Subcutaneous Canakinumab Administration to Placebo in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance or Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Differing Baseline D [NCT01068860]Phase 2246 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Completed
Glibenclamide in Aneurysmatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective and Randomized Study [NCT03569540]Phase 450 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-07-03Recruiting
Investigation Into Cardioprotective Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 and it's Mechanism of Action During Myocardial Ischaemia [NCT02128022]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
Effect of Acupuncture to Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Via Adenosine Triphosphate-sensitive Potassium Channels or Prostaglandin Pathway [NCT02255006]36 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-05-31Recruiting
Tolerance and Acceptability of Glibentek in Patients With Neonatale Diabetes Secondary to Mutations in K+-ATP Channels [NCT02375828]Phase 310 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-20Completed
Comparative Study of Dapagliflozin Versus Glibenclamide Effect on Endothelial Function of Coronary Artery Disease Patients [NCT02919345]Phase 498 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-01-31Completed
Oral Antidiabetic Agents on Gestational Diabetes: Modulating Effect on Fetal Growth - a Clinical Randomized Trial [NCT02091336]Phase 480 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-01-31Recruiting
A Four-part, Single-center, Open-label, Phase I Clinical Study to Evaluate the Drug-Drug Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between DBPR108 at Steady-state and Metformin Hydrochloride/Glibenclamide/Valsartan/ Simvastatin in Healthy Subjects [NCT04859452]Phase 156 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-05-26Completed
Randomized, 2-Way Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Glyburide/Metformin 5 mg/500 mg Film-Coated Tablets and Glucovance® 5 mg/500 mg Film-Coated Tablets in Healthy Subjects Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00836472]Phase 160 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-04-30Completed
A Feasibility Study Looking at the Use of Glibenclamide and metfoRmin Versus stAndard Care in gEstational diabeteS [NCT02080377]Phase 323 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Completed
[NCT00035568]Phase 40 participants Interventional2002-02-28Completed
Glyburide and Metformin for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01329016]Phase 1/Phase 2360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2011-07-31Active, not recruiting
Relative Bioavailability of BI 1356 and Glyburide After Concomitant Administration of Multiple Oral Doses of BI 1356 5 mg Once Daily and a Single Oral Dose of Glyburide 1.75 mg Compared With the Bioavailability of BI 1356 and Glyburide After Each Treatmen [NCT02183428]Phase 120 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-05-31Completed
Sulphonylurea Receptor Mutation and Responsiveness to Gliclazide - a Pilot Proof of Concept, Randomised Cross-over Study [NCT02201602]Phase 48 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-08-31Completed
[NCT00035542]Phase 30 participants Interventional2001-12-31Completed
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin or Oral Hypoglycemic Agents? [NCT01215331]Phase 373 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
The Safety and Effectiveness of Glibenclamide in the Treatment of Aneurysm Subarachnoid Hemorrhage（aSAH）: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Study [NCT05137678]Phase 4110 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-19Recruiting
A Phase I Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Escalating Doses of RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection) in Healthy Male and Female Volunteers [NCT01132703]Phase 134 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-01-07Completed
A 12-week Study to Compare the Effects of Vildagliptin Versus Glibenclamide on Glycemic Variability After a Sub Maximal Exercise Test in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin. [NCT01867502]Phase 420 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2014-04-30Recruiting
12-week Randomized Study to Compare the Effect of Vildagliptin vs. Glibenclamide Associated to Metformin in Endothelial Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension [NCT02145611]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-31Completed
Risk of Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes - Effects of Glibenclamide and Exercise on Cardiovascular, Hormonal, and Metabolic Parameters [NCT00734669]12 participants (Actual)Observational2008-07-31Completed
[NCT01563120]Phase 4108 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
Effect of Liraglutide on Glycaemic Control in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00393718]Phase 3400 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
Long-term Sulfonylurea Response and Glucose Control After Switching From Insulin in Children With Diabetes Due to ABCC8 (SUR1) Mutations [NCT02624830]Phase 430 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-02-15Recruiting
Glyburide vs Glucovance in the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes [NCT02726490]Early Phase 17 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Lack of Recruitment)
A Single Randomized, Open, Cross-over, Phase Ie Study to Access the Drug-drug Interaction of SP2086 and Glyburide [NCT02815787]Phase 116 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-03-31Completed
Long-term Sulfonylurea Response and Glucose Control After Switching From Insulin in Children With Diabetes Due to KCNJ11 (KIR6.2) Mutations [NCT02624817]Phase 490 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-12-31Completed
A Relative Bioavailability Study of 5 mg Glyburide/500 mg Metformin HCl Tablets Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00865241]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-11-30Completed
[NCT00935363]Phase 10 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Withdrawn
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of SYR110322 (SYR-322) When Used in Combination With a Sulfonylurea in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00286468]Phase 3500 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-04-30Completed
[NCT00472875]Phase 410 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2007-05-31Recruiting
Effects of Pioglitazone on Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Vascular Complications - The SPLENDOR Study. [NCT00770835]Phase 439 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
Oral Glibenclamide in Preterm Infants With Hyperglycaemia (GALOP) [NCT05687500]Phase 245 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-05-20Recruiting
Switching From Insulin to Sulfonylurea in Childhood and Adult Diabetes Due to Variants in the HNF1A, HNF4A, or HNF1B Genes [NCT04239586]Phase 430 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-04-18Enrolling by invitation
Effect of a Sulfonylurea Compound on the Glucagon Response to Insulin-induced Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00515801]Phase 2/Phase 318 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-06-30Completed
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Study of the Safety and Efficacy of a Combination of TAK-559 and Glyburide Compared to Placebo and Glyburide in the Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00759720]Phase 3447 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Terminated(stopped due to Potential hepatic safety signal)
A Relative Bioavailability Study of 5 mg Glyburide/500 mg Metformin HCl Tablets Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00865436]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-04-30Completed
A Relative Bioavailability Study of 5 mg Glyburide/500 mg Metformin HCl Tablets Under Non-Fasting Conditions [NCT00864734]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-11-30Completed
The Effect of Sitagliptin on Hypertension, Arterial Stiffness, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation [NCT00696982]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-06-30Recruiting
Sulfonylureas in Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus With Mutations of 2 Type of Subunits Kir6.2 and SUR1 of the Pancreatic Beta-cell ATP-sensitive K+ Channel. [NCT00610038]Phase 219 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-07-31Completed
The Hemodynamic Effects of CGRP After Glibenclamide Administration in a Randomized Double-blind Cross-over Placebo-controlled Study With Healthy Volunteers [NCT04231617]20 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-01-20Completed
A Randomized Prospective Trial of Metformin Compared to Glyburide in Gestational Diabetes [NCT00965991]149 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-07-31Completed
An Open-Label Drug-Drug Interaction Study in Healthy Subjects to Explore the Effects of Multiple Doses of JNJ-28431754 on the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Single Doses of Glyburide [NCT01733108]Phase 129 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Completed
An Open-label, Crossover Study to Investigate the Potential Pharmacodynamic and Potential Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Glyburide and GK Activator(2) in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Inadequately Controlled With Glyburide as Standard Prescribed Therapy. [NCT00388986]Phase 118 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-10-31Completed
Metabolic Analysis for Treatment Choice in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [NCT03029702]Phase 454 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-02-28Completed
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Glyburide (RP-1127) for TBI [NCT01454154]Phase 229 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-12-17Completed
[NCT01947699]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-30Withdrawn(stopped due to PI decided to withdrawal study before recruitment started)
A 24-Week Randomised, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Multi-Centre, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Tesaglitazar Therapy When Added to the Therapy of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Poorly Controlled on Sulphonylu [NCT00251940]Phase 3555 participants Interventional2004-07-31Terminated(stopped due to The development program has been terminated)
Glyburide and Metformin for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing These Drugs Either vs Insulin or vs Each Other. [NCT01998113]2,509 participants (Actual)Observational2013-03-31Completed
Comparison of Glycaemic and Cardiovascular Treatment Outcomes of Voglibose Versus Glibenclamide Added to Metformin in T2DM Patients in Zambia: An Open-label Randomised Clinical Trial [NCT05688332]Phase 3118 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-08-31Not yet recruiting
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Multidose, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous BIIB093 for Patients With Brain Contusion [NCT03954041]Phase 292 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-10-06Terminated(stopped due to Early completed due to strategic considerations, not for efficacy or safety reasons.)
Glimepiride Induced Insulin Secretion Will be Inhibited by Hypoglycemia [NCT00608179]32 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-08-31Completed
Repaglinide Versus Glyburide: Comparitive Effect on Postprandial Lipemia: An Open-labeled, Randomized, Parallel Group Study in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT01605773]Phase 451 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-11-08Completed
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A STAGED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM AIMED AT CONTROLLING BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE OF TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS USING EXCLUSIVELY THE RESOURCES AVAILABLE IN A PRIMARY CARE SETTING IN BRAZIL [NCT00935805]124 participants (Anticipated)Observational2006-07-31Active, not recruiting
A 12-Week, Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled Study of LY2599506 Given as Monotherapy or in Combination With Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01029795]Phase 238 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Terminated due to nonclinical safety findings)
Low-dose Glibenclamide in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Part A [NCT02830048]Phase 216 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-31Completed
Durability of Early Initial Combination Therapy With Exenatide/Pioglitazone/Metformin vs Conventional Therapy in New Onset Type 2 Diabetes [NCT01107717]Phase 4521 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Active, not recruiting
Effect of GlucoNorm vs Glyburide on Post-Prandial Hyperglycemia in Elderly Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00451620]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparator-Controlled Study of Pioglitazone HCl vs Glyburide in the Treatment of Patients With Type 2 (Non-Insulin-Dependent) Diabetes Mellitus and Mild Cardiac Disease (NYHA I) [NCT00521742]Phase 3300 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-03-31Completed
Glibenclamide Advantage in Treating Edema After Intracerebral Hemorrhage (GATE-ICH): a Multi-center Randomized, Controlled, Assessor-blinded Trial [NCT03741530]220 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-12-15Completed
A Multi-Center, Prospective, Open Label, Phase IIa Trial of RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection) in Patients With a Severe Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Who Are Likely to Experience Clinically Significant Brain Swelling. [NCT01268683]Phase 1/Phase 210 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-05-26Completed
A 52-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Multi-Centre, Active-Controlled (Glibenclamide) Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Tesaglitazar Therapy When Administered to Patients With Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00255541]Phase 3580 participants Interventional2004-09-30Terminated(stopped due to The development program has been terminated)
Efficacy of Repaglinide Compared to Glyburide and Placebo on Hepatic Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Treated With Diet or With Antidiabetic Oral Agents. A Randomized, Open, Cross-over Single-centre Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT01698931]Phase 49 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-04-26Completed
Glyburide Compared to Insulin in the Management of White's Classification A2 Gestational Diabetes [NCT00160485]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-30Withdrawn(stopped due to Active Duty principle investigator currently deployed)
Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of Glibenclamide in the Treatment of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury [NCT05148403]Phase 1/Phase 276 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-22Recruiting
A Randomized, Multi-Center, Prospective, Double Blind, Phase II Trial of RP- 1127 (Glyburide for Injection) in Patients With a Severe Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Who Are Likely to Develop Malignant Edema [NCT01794182]Phase 286 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-13Completed
A Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Aspart Three Times Per Day Compared to Glibenclamide Once or Twice Daily in Type 2 Diabetes by Comparison of Ability to Control Blood Glucose [NCT00267683]Phase 39 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-12-31Terminated(stopped due to This trial was terminated due to low recruitment)
Acute Local Ischemic Preconditioning in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes in Vivo [NCT00184821]20 participants Observational2004-06-30Completed
Effect of Rosiglitazone on Myocardial Blood Flow Regulation in Type 2 Diabetes [NCT00549874]27 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-02-28Completed
A Phase III Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of ASP1941 in Combination With Sulfonylurea in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Have Inadequate Glycemic Control on Sulfonylurea Alone [NCT01242215]Phase 3243 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-09-17Completed
A Randomized, Comparator Controlled, Double-Blind Study of the Liver Safety of Pioglitazone HCl vs Glyburide With Metformin and Insulin as Part of Step Therapy in Subjects With Type 2 (Non-Insulin Dependent) Diabetes [NCT00494312]Phase 42,120 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparator-Controlled Study of Pioglitazone HCl vs Glyburide in the Treatment of Subjects With Type 2 (Non-Insulin Dependent) Diabetes Mellitus and Mild to Moderate Congestive Heart Failure [NCT00521820]Phase 3518 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-06-30Terminated(stopped due to Higher incidence of hospitalization for congestive heart failure in pioglitazone-treated subjects compared to glyburide treated subjects.)
Substituting Lantus®(Insulin Glargine[rDNAorigin]Inj) for a Thiazolidinedione vs. a 3rd Oral Agent as add-on Therapy in Patients Failing a Thiazolidinedione & Sulfonylurea or Metformin Combination [NCT00046462]Phase 3240 participants Interventional2001-11-30Completed
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Four Second Line Pharmacological Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Study [NCT05220917]781,430 participants (Anticipated)Observational2021-08-01Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Treatment of Mild Gestational Diabetes With Glyburide Versus Placebo [NCT00744965]Phase 4395 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-16Completed
Spinal Cord Injury Neuroprotection With Glyburide (SCING): Pilot Study: An Open-Label Prospective Evaluation of the Feasibility, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of Oral Glyburide (DiaBeta) in Patients With Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord In [NCT05426681]Phase 112 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-07-07Recruiting
Randomized, Open Label, Two Parallel Arms, Intervention Trial Comparing the Effect of DPP-IV Inhibitor Vildagliptin vs. Glibenclamide on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Number in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Metformin Failure [NCT01822548]Phase 364 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-10-31Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Compare the Durability of Glucose Lowering and Preservation of Pancreatic Beta-Cell Function of Rosiglitazone Monotherapy Compared to Metformin or Glyburide/Glibenclamide in Patients With Drug-Naive, Recently Diagnosed [NCT00279045]Phase 34,426 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-01-03Completed
Phase 4 Study Evaluation of the Effects of Acarbose Versus Glibenclamide on Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions and Oxidative Stress in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Insufficiently Controlled by Metformin [NCT00417729]Phase 451 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-01-31Completed
Glyburide Healthy Volunteer Study [NCT01716338]Phase 121 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
Multicenter Randomized Trial of Non-inferiority Between Glyburide and Insulin for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes [NCT01731431]Phase 3914 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-05-18Completed
Rosiglitazone Intervention Study in Patients With Type 1.5 Diabetes [NCT00194896]64 participants (Actual)Interventional2000-02-29Completed
Effect of the R230C Variant of the ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1) Gene on the Response to Treatment With Glibenclamide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT01456650]Phase 485 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Completed
Investigation of the Efficacy of Metformin Therapy on Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Phase II Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT05910554]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-08-01Not yet recruiting
Effects of Dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 Inhibitor, on Hemodynamic Parameters, Target Organ Damage and Obesity Profile in Resistant Hypertensive Subjects [NCT03089333]Phase 416 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-31Completed
Comparison of Rosiglitazone Versus Glyburide on Vascular Structure and Function in Type 2 Diabetic Patients [NCT00123643]Phase 436 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-05-31Completed
Preservation of Beta-cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [NCT00232583]58 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Completed
The Hemodynamic Effects of PACAP38 After Glibenclamide Administration in Healthy Volunteers [NCT04960657]22 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-10-20Completed
Treatment of Early Insulinization With Glargine in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Uncontrolled on Sulfonylurea or Metformin Monotherapy [NCT00347100]Phase 4387 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-30Completed
A Comparison of Glucovance (Glyburide and Metformin) to Insulin Therapy for the Treatment of Gestational Diabetes and Adult Onset Diabetes in Pregnancy [NCT00371306]200 participants Interventional2002-09-30Recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of Glibenclamide Combined With Rt-PA in Treating Acute Ischemic Stroke: a Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-control, Multi-center Study [NCT03284463]Phase 2/Phase 3306 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-01-01Completed
Failure Rate of GLyburide And Metformin Among Gestational Diabetics [NCT03078725]Phase 40 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-20Withdrawn(stopped due to Research was competing with other projects in the department, and no patients were recruited.)
A Pilot Study and Phase II Double Blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial Examining the Safety and Efficacy of Glyburide as Prophylaxis Against Cerebral Edema in Patients Receiving Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases [NCT02460874]Phase 1/Phase 21 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-08-16Terminated(stopped due to Slow accrual)
Randomized, 2-Way Crossover, Bioequivalence Study of Glyburide/Metformin 5 mg/500 mg Film-Coated Tablets and Glucovance® 5 mg/500 mg Film-Coated Tablets in Healthy Subjects Under Fed Conditions [NCT00835991]Phase 160 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-02-28Completed
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Multicenter, Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous BIIB093 (Glibenclamide) for Severe Cerebral Edema Following Large Hemispheric Infarction [NCT02864953]Phase 3537 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-08-29Terminated(stopped due to Early completed to operational challenges and other strategic considerations, not for efficacy or safety reasons)
Spinal Cord Injury Neuroprotection With Glyburide; Pilot Study: An Open-Label Prospective Evaluation of the Feasibility, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of Oral Glyburide (DiaBeta) in Patients With Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury [NCT02524379]Phase 1/Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-02-14Terminated(stopped due to Principal investigator has left the university; there were not enough participants to analyze the data.)
A Randomized, Open-label, Comparative Clinical Trial to Study the Efficacy of Sitagliptin and Glibenclamide in a Short Term Treatment on the Daily Glucose Variability Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mell [NCT02318693]Phase 453 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-02-04Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00123643 (1) [back to overview]Flow Mediated Dilation
NCT00194896 (2) [back to overview]Changes in Beta Cell Function Assessed by Fasting and Stimulated C-peptide Measured at 36 Months.
NCT00194896 (2) [back to overview]Patients Positive for T Cell Responses to Islet Proteins at 36 Months.
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Weight
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Social Stigma
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Social or Vocational Worry
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Satisfaction With Insulin Treatment
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Lifestyle Flexibility
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Hypoglycemia Fear
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Glycemia Control Perception
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Insulin Sensitivity as Measure be Matsuda Index
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Current Health Perception
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Inflammatory Markers -Fibrinogen
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Inflammatory Markers - PAI-1
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Inflammatory Markers - hsCRP
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Beta-cell Function - C-peptide AUC (Area Under the Curve)
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Bet-cell Function Measured by Disposition Index
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Treatment Satisfaction
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Treatment Impact
NCT00232583 (17) [back to overview]Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Willingness to Continue Insulin Treatment
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin (Week 26).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin (Week 4).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin (Week 8).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Proinsulin/Insulin Ratio (Week 12).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Proinsulin/Insulin Ratio (Week 16).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Proinsulin/Insulin Ratio (Week 20).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Proinsulin/Insulin Ratio (Week 4).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Proinsulin/Insulin Ratio (Week 8).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Number of Participants Requiring Rescue.
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin ≤ 6.5%.
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin ≤ 7.0%.
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin ≤ 7.5%.
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin Decrease From Baseline ≥ 0.5%.
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Proinsulin/Insulin Ratio (Week 26).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin Decrease From Baseline ≥ 1.0%.
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight (Week 8).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin (Week 20).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Marked Hyperglycemia (Fasting Plasma Glucose ≥ 200 mg Per dL).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin Decrease From Baseline ≥ 2.0%.
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight (Week 12).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight (Week 20).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Body Weight (Week 26).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin Decrease From Baseline ≥ 1.5%.
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in C-peptide (Week 12).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in C-peptide (Week 16).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in C-peptide (Week 20).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in C-peptide (Week 26).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in C-peptide (Week 4).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in C-peptide (Week 8).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 1).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 12).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 16).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 2).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 20).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 26).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 4).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 8).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Proinsulin (Week 12).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Proinsulin (Week 16).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Proinsulin (Week 20).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Proinsulin (Week 26).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Proinsulin (Week 4).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Proinsulin (Week 8).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26.
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Week 12).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Week 16).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Week 20).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Week 4).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Week 8).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin (Week 12).
NCT00286468 (51) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Insulin (Week 16).
NCT00313313 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 24
NCT00313313 (4) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) at Week 24
NCT00313313 (4) [back to overview]Changes From Baseline in Postprandial Glucose (PPG) Area Under the Curve (AUC) Response to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) at Week 24
NCT00313313 (4) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving A1C < 7% at Week 24
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Mean Postprandial PG Increment in 7-point Plasma Glucose Profile After 24 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Mean PG in 7-point Plasma Glucose Profile After 24 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Mean Postprandial PG Increment in 7-point Plasma Glucose Profile After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Postprandial Glucose AUC After 24 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Hypoglycaemic Episodes
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Postprandial Glucose AUC After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Body Weight After 24 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Body Weight After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Fasting Plasma Glucose After 24 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Fasting Plasma Glucose After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) After 24 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00393718 (13) [back to overview]Mean PG in 7-point Plasma Glucose Profile After 52 Weeks of Treatment
NCT00744965 (11) [back to overview]Rate of Cesarean Delivery
NCT00744965 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Large for Gestational Age Infants
NCT00744965 (11) [back to overview]Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admissions
NCT00744965 (11) [back to overview]Need for Insulin Treatment
NCT00744965 (11) [back to overview]Need for Insulin Therapy
NCT00744965 (11) [back to overview]3rd or 4th Degree Perineal Laceration
NCT00744965 (11) [back to overview]Chorioamnionitis
NCT00744965 (11) [back to overview]Diagnosis of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension
NCT00744965 (11) [back to overview]Mean Fetal Weight at Birth
NCT00744965 (11) [back to overview]Shoulder Dystocia
NCT00744965 (11) [back to overview]Macrosomia
NCT00835991 (6) [back to overview]Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration) - Glyburide
NCT00835991 (6) [back to overview]AUC0-t [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)] - Metformin
NCT00835991 (6) [back to overview]AUC0-t [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)] - Glyburide
NCT00835991 (6) [back to overview]AUC0-inf [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)] - Glyburide
NCT00835991 (6) [back to overview]AUC0-inf [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)] - Metformin
NCT00835991 (6) [back to overview]Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration) - Metformin
NCT00836472 (6) [back to overview]AUC0-inf [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)] - Glyburide
NCT00836472 (6) [back to overview]AUC0-t [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant) - Metformin
NCT00836472 (6) [back to overview]AUC0-t [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)] - Glyburide
NCT00836472 (6) [back to overview]Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration) - Glyburide
NCT00836472 (6) [back to overview]Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration) - Metformin
NCT00836472 (6) [back to overview]AUC0-inf [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)] - Metformin
NCT00965991 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants Assessed for Glucose Control
NCT01029795 (1) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Clinically-Significant Elevations of Alanine Aminotransferase/Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (ALT/SGPT) During the 12-week Treatment Period
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in C-peptide Area Under the Curve (AUC), 0-4 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Fasting Plasma Insulin, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Fructosamine, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Insulin Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0-4 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Meal Stimulated Insulin Secretion Rate (ISR) Relative to Glucose 0-2 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks.
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Meal Stimulated Insulin Secretion Rate (ISR) Relative to Glucose 0-4 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks.
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Meal Stimulated Insulin Secretion Rate (ISR) Relative to Glucose 2-4 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Peak Plasma C-peptide Level, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Peak Plasma Glucose, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Peak Plasma Insulin, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Post-prandial Glucose Area Under the Curve (AUC)0-4 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Fasting Glucose Disposition Index(GDI)1 and Index 2, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Absolute Glucose Level at 2 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Mean Change in Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) Score, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01068860 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants Reporting Death, Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Adverse Events (AEs) Above 5% Frequency, From Baseline to 4 Weeks
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With a Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) Score ≤ 4
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) Score
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Midline Shift
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Ipsilateral Ventricle Volume
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Infarcted Hemisphere Volume
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Score
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Frequency of Hemorrhagic Events
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Absolute Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) Lesion Volume
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Rate of Enrollment
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Pre-specified Adverse Events Associated With Glyburide According to Protocol
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With All Four MRI Assessments Per Protocol
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring One or More Hypoglycemia Treatments
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Completing 90-Day Follow-Up
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Enrolled Participants to Screened Participants
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) Score
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants Requiring Decompressive Craniectomy (DC)
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Number of MRI Assessments Per Participant
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in DWI Lesion Volume
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Percentage of Dose Reductions/ Dose Suspensions
NCT01268683 (20) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events
NCT01822548 (2) [back to overview]Absolute Change in HbA1C Compared to Baseline
NCT01822548 (2) [back to overview]Absolute Change in the Endothelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) Number
NCT02318693 (5) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Percentage of Hypoglycemic Values (Glucose Sensor Readings: < 70, <60, <50 mg/dL)
NCT02318693 (5) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in 24-hour Mean Glucose Level
NCT02318693 (5) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions (MAGE) at Day 13
NCT02318693 (5) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Standard Deviation of Blood Glucose Levels
NCT02318693 (5) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Maximum Incremental Postprandial Glucose Levels in Each Meal
NCT02460874 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Administered Dexamethasone (or Any Corticosteroid Administration With the Purpose of Treating Cerebral Edema)
NCT02460874 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Absolute Volume Change of Index Tumor(s)
NCT02460874 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Cerebral Edema Increase as Measured on FLAIR Volumetric Imaging
NCT02460874 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With CTCAE Version 4.0 Reportable Toxicities of Grades 1-2 Cardiac Disorders or Hepatobiliary Disorders.
NCT02460874 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With CTCAE Version 4.0 Reportable Toxicities of Grades 2-5.
NCT02460874 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)
NCT02524379 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Neurologic Recovery Following tSCI
NCT02524379 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With tSCI Recruited Within the Specified Time Window
NCT02524379 (3) [back to overview]Number of Drug Related Adverse Events
NCT03954041 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Glasgow Outcome Scale - Extended (GOS-E) Score at Day 180
NCT03954041 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Requiring Delayed Intubation
NCT03954041 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Total Contusion Volume (Hematoma Plus Perihematomal Edema) at 96 Hours as Measured by Brain Imaging
NCT03954041 (8) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) Score at Day 90
NCT03954041 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Mean Total Contusion Volume (Hematoma Plus Perihematomal Edema) at 24 Hours as Measured by Brain Imaging
NCT03954041 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Absolute Hematoma Volume at 24 Hours
NCT03954041 (8) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Absolute Edema Volume at 96 Hours
NCT03954041 (8) [back to overview]Time to All-Cause Death Through Day 90

Flow Mediated Dilation

Measure of endothelial function (NCT00123643)
Timeframe: change from baseline to 6 months

Interventionpercent change (Mean)
Rosiglitazone6.8
Glyburide5.5

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Changes in Beta Cell Function Assessed by Fasting and Stimulated C-peptide Measured at 36 Months.

Changes in beta cell function assessed by fasting and stimulated C-peptide measured at 36 months. (NCT00194896)
Timeframe: 36 months

,,,
Interventionng per ml (Mean)
Fasting C-peptideGlucagon Stimulated C-peptide
Glyburide Autoantibody Negative0.30.3
Glyburide Autoantibody Positive0.13.1
Rosiglitazone Autoantibody Negative-1.4-2.8
Rosiglitazone Autoantibody Positive-0.4-0.6

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Patients Positive for T Cell Responses to Islet Proteins at 36 Months.

Number of participants positive for T cell reactivity to islet proteins at 36 months. (NCT00194896)
Timeframe: 36 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Rosiglitazone Autoantibody Positive1
Rosiglitazone Autoantibody Negative2
Glyburide Autoantibody Positive2
Glyburide Autoantibody Negative3

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Weight

Body Weight (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionkg (Mean)
Metfomin and Insulin107.7
Metformin, Pioglitazone and Glyburide107.9

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Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Social Stigma

Social stigma was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1 to 5, where 1- strongly agree; 2 - somewhat agree; 3 - neither agree nor disagree; 4 - somewhat disagree; 5 - strongly disagree. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin2.2
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide2.2

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Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Social or Vocational Worry

Social or vocational worry was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 0-5, where 0 - does not apply; 1 - never; 2 - seldom; 3 - sometimes; 4 - often; 5 - all of the time. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin1.8
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide1.7

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Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Satisfaction With Insulin Treatment

Satisfaction with insulin treatment was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a scale score of 1 to 7, where 1 extremely satisfied to 7 - not at all satisfied. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin1.2

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Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Lifestyle Flexibility

Lifestyle flexibility was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1 to 5, where 1 - a great deal of choice; 2 - a lot of choice; 3 - some choice; 4 - a little choice; 5 - no choice. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin2.1
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide2.0

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Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Hypoglycemia Fear

Hypoglycemia fear was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1-5, where 1 - never worry; 2 - rarely water; 3 - sometimes worry; 4 - often worry; 5 - very often worry (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin1.8
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide1.8

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Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Glycemia Control Perception

Glycemia control perception was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a scale score of 1-7, where 1 - extremely controlled and 7 - not at all controlled. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin2.8
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide2.0

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Insulin Sensitivity as Measure be Matsuda Index

C-peptide-based Matsuda index using following formula: Matsuda index = 500,00 / root square [(fasting c-peptide x fasting glucose x 333) x (average c-peptide 0-120 mins x average glucose 0-120 mins x 333). Higher the Matsuda index, better the insulin sensitivity. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionindex (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin3.12
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide2.45

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Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Current Health Perception

Current health perception was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1-5, where 1 = much better than 3 months ago; 2 - Somewhat better now than 3 months ago; 3 - About the same; 4 - Somewhat worse now than 3 months ago; 5 Much worse now than 3 months ago. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin2.7
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide2.9

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Inflammatory Markers -Fibrinogen

Inflammatory markers - Fibrinogen (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin399.0
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide395.4

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Inflammatory Markers - PAI-1

Inflammatory markers - PAI-1 (Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1) (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

InterventionIU/L (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin13.9
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide16.7

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Inflammatory Markers - hsCRP

Inflammatory markers - hsCRP (C reactive protein) (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionmg/L (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin6.9
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide6.1

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Beta-cell Function - C-peptide AUC (Area Under the Curve)

C-peptide AUC during a 3-hours mixed meal challenge testing (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionng*min/mL (Mean)
Metformin & Insulin2096
Metformin, GLyburide & Pioglitazone1725

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Bet-cell Function Measured by Disposition Index

Disposition index was measured by multiplying the insulin secretion (C-peptide AUC/C-peptide AUC glucose) by the Matsuda index. Disposition index reflects the beta-cell function adjusted for total body insulin sensitivity (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionindex (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin0.12
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide0.16

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Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Treatment Satisfaction

Treatment satisfaction was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1-5, where 1 - very satisfied; 2 - moderately satisfied; 3 - neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; 4 - moderately dissatisfied; 5 - very dissatisfied. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin1.7
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide2.1

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Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Treatment Impact

Treatment impact was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a Likert scale score of 1-5, where 1 - very satisfied; 2 - moderately satisfied; 3 - neither satisfied nor dissatisfied; 4 - moderately dissatisfied; 5 - very dissatisfied. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionscore on a sale (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin1.7
Metfomin, Pioglitazone & Glyburide1.8

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Quality of Life Survey (QoL) - Willingness to Continue Insulin Treatment

Willingness to continue insulin treatment was measured at randomization and 72 months later using the modified Diabetes Quality of Life Clinical Trial Questionnaire. This questionnaire addresses several areas with respect to diabetes QoL. Answers are in the form of a scale score of 1 to 7, where 1 extremely willing to 7 - not at all willing. (NCT00232583)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Metfomin & Insulin1.4

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Change From Baseline in Insulin (Week 26).

The change between the value of insulin collected at week 26 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

InterventionmcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-1.89
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.85
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.14

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Change From Baseline in Insulin (Week 4).

The change between the value of insulin collected at week 4 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.

InterventionmcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.62
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD0.64
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.89

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Change From Baseline in Insulin (Week 8).

The change between the value of insulin collected at week 8 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.

InterventionmcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.81
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.62
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.38

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Change From Baseline in Proinsulin/Insulin Ratio (Week 12).

The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 12 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.

Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.002
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.030
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.040

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Change From Baseline in Proinsulin/Insulin Ratio (Week 16).

The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 16 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.

Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo0.003
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.037
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.041

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Change From Baseline in Proinsulin/Insulin Ratio (Week 20).

The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 20 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.

Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.005
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.035
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.036

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Change From Baseline in Proinsulin/Insulin Ratio (Week 4).

The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 4 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.

Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.008
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.064
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.043

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Change From Baseline in Proinsulin/Insulin Ratio (Week 8).

The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 8 and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.

Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.009
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.052
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.045

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Number of Participants Requiring Rescue.

The number of participants requiring rescue for failing to achieve pre-specified glycemic targets during the 26 week study. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo28
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD30
Alogliptin 25 mg QD31

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Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin ≤ 6.5%.

The number of participants with a value for the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) less than or equal to 6.5% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo7
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD19
Alogliptin 25 mg QD28

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Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin ≤ 7.0%.

The number of participants with a value for the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) less than or equal to 7.0% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo18
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD60
Alogliptin 25 mg QD69

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Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin ≤ 7.5%.

The number of participants with a value for the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) less than or equal to 7.5% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo33
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD94
Alogliptin 25 mg QD112

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Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin Decrease From Baseline ≥ 0.5%.

The number of participants with a decrease from baseline in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) greater than or equal to 0.5% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo26
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD96
Alogliptin 25 mg QD100

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Change From Baseline in Proinsulin/Insulin Ratio (Week 26).

The change between the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at week 26 or final visit and the ratio value of proinsulin and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionratio (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.008
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.034
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.034

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Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin Decrease From Baseline ≥ 1.0%.

The number of participants with a decrease from baseline in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) greater than or equal to 1.0% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo13
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD38
Alogliptin 25 mg QD59

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight (Week 8).

The change between Body Weight measured at week 8 and Body Weight measured at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.27
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD0.47
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.33

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Change From Baseline in Insulin (Week 20).

The change between the value of insulin collected at week 20 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.

InterventionmcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.07
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD1.18
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.93

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Number of Participants With Marked Hyperglycemia (Fasting Plasma Glucose ≥ 200 mg Per dL).

The number of participants with a fasting plasma glucose value greater than or equal to 200 mg per dL during the 26 week study. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: 26 Weeks.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo53
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD94
Alogliptin 25 mg QD79

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Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin Decrease From Baseline ≥ 2.0%.

The number of participants with a decrease from baseline in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) greater than or equal to 2.0% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo4
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD5
Alogliptin 25 mg QD12

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight (Week 12).

The change between Body Weight measured at week 12 and Body Weight measured at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.12
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD0.58
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.40

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight (Week 20).

The change between Body Weight measured at week 20 and Body Weight measured at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.30
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD0.79
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.61

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Change From Baseline in Body Weight (Week 26).

The change between Body Weight measured at week 26 or final visit and Body Weight measured at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.20
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD0.60
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.68

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Number of Participants With Glycosylated Hemoglobin Decrease From Baseline ≥ 1.5%.

The number of participants with a decrease from baseline in the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin (the percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to glucose) greater than or equal to 1.5% during the 26 week study. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo7
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD13
Alogliptin 25 mg QD24

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in C-peptide (Week 12).

The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 12 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.

Interventionng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.020
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD0.162
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.206

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Change From Baseline in C-peptide (Week 16).

The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 16 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.

Interventionng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.007
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD0.222
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.153

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in C-peptide (Week 20).

The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 20 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.

Interventionng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.016
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.001
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.122

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Change From Baseline in C-peptide (Week 26).

The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 26 or final visit and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.215
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.140
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.153

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Change From Baseline in C-peptide (Week 4).

The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 4 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.

Interventionng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.041
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD0.122
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.136

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Change From Baseline in C-peptide (Week 8).

The change between the value of C-peptide collected at week 8 and C-peptide collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.

Interventionng/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.176
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD0.092
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.173

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 1).

The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at final visit or week 1 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 1.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo0.3
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-11.8
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-19.0

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 12).

The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 12 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-3.4
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-13.5
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-15.0

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 16).

The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 16 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-7.1
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-9.0
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-13.0

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 2).

The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 2 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 2.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-1.8
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-16.7
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-21.8

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 20).

The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 20 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.4
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-9.3
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-13.6

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 26).

The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 26 or final visit and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo2.2
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-4.7
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-8.4

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 4).

The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 4 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-3.7
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-14.6
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-21.1

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (Week 8).

The change between the value of fasting plasma glucose collected at week 8 and fasting plasma glucose collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-3.2
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-19.9
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-18.6

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Proinsulin (Week 12).

The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 12 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.

Interventionpmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.5
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.7
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.7

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Proinsulin (Week 16).

The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 16 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.

Interventionpmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-1.8
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-1.5
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-1.1

[back to top]

Change From Baseline in Fasting Proinsulin (Week 20).

The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 20 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.

Interventionpmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-2.5
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-2.1
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.0

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Proinsulin (Week 26).

The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 26 or final visit and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionpmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-2.0
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-3.9
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-2.1

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Proinsulin (Week 4).

The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 4 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.

Interventionpmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-3.0
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-2.6
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.7

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Proinsulin (Week 8).

The change between the value of fasting proinsulin collected at week 8 and fasting proinsulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.

Interventionpmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-4.2
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-4.5
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.9

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 26.

The change in the value of glycosylated hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 26 or final visit and glycosylated hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 26.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo0.01
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.38
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.52

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Week 12).

The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 12 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.17
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.58
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.69

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Week 16).

The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 16 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.16
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.53
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.66

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Week 20).

The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 20 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 20.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.08
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.43
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.60

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Week 4).

The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 4 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 4.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.18
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.40
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.46

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Change From Baseline in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (Week 8).

The change in the value of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (the concentration of glucose bound to hemoglobin as a percent of the absolute maximum that can be bound) collected at week 8 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8.

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.18
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD-0.57
Alogliptin 25 mg QD-0.65

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Change From Baseline in Insulin (Week 12).

The change between the value of insulin collected at week 12 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12.

InterventionmcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-0.02
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD1.33
Alogliptin 25 mg QD1.00

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Change From Baseline in Insulin (Week 16).

The change between the value of insulin collected at week 16 and insulin collected at baseline. (NCT00286468)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 16.

InterventionmcIU/mL (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo-1.21
Alogliptin 12.5 mg QD1.74
Alogliptin 25 mg QD0.51

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Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 24

Mean change from baseline in FPG at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00313313)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline MeanWeek 24 MeanAdjusted Mean Change from Baseline
Placebo + Glyburide 7.5 mg174.4174.60.7
Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg170.1164.4-7.1
Saxagliptin 5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg175.0164.6-9.7

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Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (A1C) at Week 24

Mean change from baseline in A1C at Week 24, adjusted for baseline value. (NCT00313313)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

,,
Interventionpercent (Mean)
Baseline MeanWeek 24 MeanAdjusted Mean Change from Baseline
Placebo + Glyburide 7.5 mg8.448.520.08
Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg8.367.83-0.54
Saxagliptin 5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg8.487.83-0.64

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Changes From Baseline in Postprandial Glucose (PPG) Area Under the Curve (AUC) Response to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) at Week 24

Mean change from baseline for 0 to 180 minutes PPG AUC at Week 24, adjusted for baseline values. (NCT00313313)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24

,,
Interventionmg*min/dL (Mean)
Baseline MeanWeek 24 MeanAdjusted Mean Change from Baseline
Placebo + Glyburide 7.5 mg51801524161196
Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg4912445402-4296
Saxagliptin 5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg5034245391-5000

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Percentage of Participants Achieving A1C < 7% at Week 24

Percentage of participants achieving A1C < 7%, the American Diabetes Association's defined goal for glycemia, at each dose of saxagliptin plus glyburide versus placebo plus upward titrated glyburide at Week 24. (NCT00313313)
Timeframe: Week 24

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Saxagliptin 2.5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg22.4
Saxagliptin 5 mg + Glyburide 7.5 mg22.8
Placebo + Glyburide 7.5 mg9.1

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Mean Postprandial PG Increment in 7-point Plasma Glucose Profile After 24 Weeks of Treatment

Mean postprandial plasma glucose (PG) increment in 7-point plasma glucose profile, ie the mean of the difference of plasma glucose measured before and after a meal, after 24 weeks of treatment. The 7 time points during the day were: Before breakfast, 120 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 120 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 120 minutes after start of dinner, and at bedtime. (NCT00393718)
Timeframe: after 24 weeks of treatment

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Liraglutide59.69
Glibenclamide79.66

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Mean PG in 7-point Plasma Glucose Profile After 24 Weeks of Treatment

Plasma glucose (PG) profile measured after 24 weeks of treatment. The time points during the day were: Before breakfast, 120 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 120 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 120 minutes after start of dinner, and at bedtime. (NCT00393718)
Timeframe: after 24 weeks of treatment

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Liraglutide155.98
Glibenclamide173.61

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Mean Postprandial PG Increment in 7-point Plasma Glucose Profile After 52 Weeks of Treatment

Mean postprandial plasma glucose (PG) increment in 7-point plasma glucose profile, ie the mean of the difference of plasma glucose measured before and after a meal, after 52 weeks of treatment. The 7 time points during the day were: Before breakfast, 120 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 120 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 120 minutes after start of dinner, and at bedtime. (NCT00393718)
Timeframe: after 52 weeks of treatment

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Liraglutide63.56
Glibenclamide76.59

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Postprandial Glucose AUC After 24 Weeks of Treatment

Postprandial glucose AUC measured 0-3 hours after a meal after 24 weeks of treatment (NCT00393718)
Timeframe: after 24 weeks of treatment

Interventionmg/dL *h (Least Squares Mean)
Liraglutide557.54
Glibenclamide670.60

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Hypoglycaemic Episodes

Hypoglycaemic episodes measured over 52 weeks of treatment. Hypoglycaemic episodes were defined as major, minor, or symptoms only. Major if the subject was unable to treat her/himself. Minor if subject was able to treat her/himself and plasma glucose was below 3.1 mmol/L. Symptoms only if subject was able to treat her/himself and with no plasma glucose measurement or plasma glucose higher than or equal to 3.1 mmol/L. (NCT00393718)
Timeframe: over 52 weeks of treatment

,
Interventionnumber of events per year of exposure (Number)
All hypoglycaemic episodesMajorMinorSymptoms only
Glibenclamide3.8430.0001.1032.740
Liraglutide0.6940.0000.1870.507

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Postprandial Glucose AUC After 52 Weeks of Treatment

Postprandial glucose AUC measured 0-3 hours after a meal after 52 weeks of treatment (NCT00393718)
Timeframe: after 52 weeks of treatment

Interventionmg/dL *h (Least Squares Mean)
Liraglutide608.66
Glibenclamide683.17

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Body Weight After 24 Weeks of Treatment

(NCT00393718)
Timeframe: after 24 weeks of treatment

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Liraglutide64.06
Glibenclamide65.97

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Body Weight After 52 Weeks of Treatment

(NCT00393718)
Timeframe: after 52 weeks of treatment

Interventionkg (Least Squares Mean)
Liraglutide64.30
Glibenclamide66.01

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Fasting Plasma Glucose After 24 Weeks of Treatment

(NCT00393718)
Timeframe: after 24 weeks of treatment

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Liraglutide137.2
Glibenclamide150.1

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Fasting Plasma Glucose After 52 Weeks of Treatment

(NCT00393718)
Timeframe: after 52 weeks of treatment

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Liraglutide145.8
Glibenclamide157.5

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Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) After 24 Weeks of Treatment

(NCT00393718)
Timeframe: after 24 weeks of treatment

Interventionpercentage of total haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Liraglutide6.99
Glibenclamide7.50

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Glycosylated Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) After 52 Weeks of Treatment

(NCT00393718)
Timeframe: after 52 weeks of treatment

Interventionpercentage of total haemoglobin (Least Squares Mean)
Liraglutide7.31
Glibenclamide7.80

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Mean PG in 7-point Plasma Glucose Profile After 52 Weeks of Treatment

Mean plasma glucose(PG) in 7-point plasma glucose profile measured after 52 weeks of treatment. The 7 time points during the day were: Before breakfast, 120 minutes after start of breakfast, before lunch, 120 minutes after start of lunch, before dinner, 120 minutes after start of dinner, and at bedtime. (NCT00393718)
Timeframe: after 52 weeks of treatment

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Liraglutide167.39
Glibenclamide184.60

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Rate of Cesarean Delivery

(NCT00744965)
Timeframe: After delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo67
Glyburide70

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Number of Participants With Large for Gestational Age Infants

Birth weight exceeding the 90th percentile for the gestational age at delivery. (NCT00744965)
Timeframe: After delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo22
Glyburide20

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Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admissions

(NCT00744965)
Timeframe: Until hospital discharge

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo11
Glyburide13

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Need for Insulin Treatment

(NCT00744965)
Timeframe: after delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo4
Glyburide4

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Need for Insulin Therapy

(NCT00744965)
Timeframe: throughout pregnancy and delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo4
Glyburide4

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3rd or 4th Degree Perineal Laceration

(NCT00744965)
Timeframe: at delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo5
Glyburide1

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Chorioamnionitis

Maternal fever >=38.0°C (NCT00744965)
Timeframe: intrapartum

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo12
Glyburide15

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Diagnosis of Pregnancy-induced Hypertension

(NCT00744965)
Timeframe: until hospital discharge

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo12
Glyburide15

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Mean Fetal Weight at Birth

(NCT00744965)
Timeframe: Immediately after delivery of fetus

Interventiongrams (Mean)
Placebo3355
Glyburide3322

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Shoulder Dystocia

(NCT00744965)
Timeframe: at delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo1
Glyburide0

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Macrosomia

birth weight 4,000 g or greater (NCT00744965)
Timeframe: After delivery

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo18
Glyburide13

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Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration) - Glyburide

Bioequivalence based on Cmax (NCT00835991)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 36 hour period

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Glyburide Metformin190.17
Glucovance®166.48

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AUC0-t [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)] - Metformin

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-t (NCT00835991)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 36 hour period

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Glyburide Metformin6203.57
Glucovance®6448.34

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AUC0-t [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)] - Glyburide

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-t (NCT00835991)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 36 hour period

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Glyburide Metformin942.94
Glucovance®943.45

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AUC0-inf [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)] - Glyburide

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-inf (NCT00835991)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 36 hour period

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Glyburide Metformin970.22
Glucovance®977.28

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AUC0-inf [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)] - Metformin

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-inf (NCT00835991)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 36 hour period

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Glyburide Metformin6308.12
Glucovance®6552.79

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Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration) - Metformin

Bioequivalence based on Cmax (NCT00835991)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 36 hour period

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Glyburide Metformin755.10
Glucovance®766.30

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AUC0-inf [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)] - Glyburide

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-inf (NCT00836472)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 36 hour period

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Glyburide Metformin805.92
Glucovance®806.89

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AUC0-t [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant) - Metformin

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-t (NCT00836472)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 36 hour period

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Glyburide Metformin5798.89
Glucovance®5942.99

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AUC0-t [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)] - Glyburide

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-t (NCT00836472)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 36 hour period

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Glyburide Metformin773.84
Glucovance®781.35

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Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration) - Glyburide

Bioequivalence based on Cmax (NCT00836472)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 36 hour period

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Glyburide Metformin106.46
Glucovance®116.53

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Cmax (Maximum Observed Concentration) - Metformin

Bioequivalence based on Cmax (NCT00836472)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 36 hour period

Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Glyburide Metformin840.23
Glucovance®889.45

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AUC0-inf [Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)] - Metformin

Bioequivalence based on AUC0-inf (NCT00836472)
Timeframe: Blood samples collected over 36 hour period

Interventionng*h/mL (Mean)
Glyburide Metformin5915.32
Glucovance®6047.23

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Number of Participants Assessed for Glucose Control

The importance of exercise in the management of blood glucose was emphasized, and 30 minutes of walking per day was recommended. Patients received instruction from a nurse educator or a certified diabetes educator regarding diet and the use of the glucometer. Number of participants with a glucose level <100 mg/dL. (NCT00965991)
Timeframe: fasting and 2 hour postprandial blood glucose

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Metformin50
Glyburide50

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Percentage of Participants With Clinically-Significant Elevations of Alanine Aminotransferase/Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (ALT/SGPT) During the 12-week Treatment Period

Clinically significant elevations of ALT/SGPT were considered ≥3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). The percentage of participants above 2- and 5-fold ULN was not analyzed due to the early termination of the trial. The percentage of participants with ALT 3-fold ULN or higher is presented. (NCT01029795)
Timeframe: Baseline through 12 weeks

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
LY259950618.8
Glyburide0

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Mean Change in C-peptide Area Under the Curve (AUC), 0-4 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

Blood samples were drawn after a test meal at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min. Insulin levels over 4 hrs were shown as Area Under the Curve,(AUC). AUC was calculated as: x=1 AUC ΣAx n Where Ax = AUC for the 240 min.interval, and X = 1 for the 1st interval. A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab vs placebo within each T2DM group. The mixed model didn't include the IGT group. (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionnmol*hour/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin-0.18
Placebo + Metformin-0.18
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-0.21
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea0.12
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia-0.61
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz0.02
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin0.16
Placebo + Insulin-0.29
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-0.43
Placebo in Participants With IGT-0.40

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Mean Change in Fasting Plasma Glucose, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

"Change in Fasting Glucose Level measured from plasma taken at Baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment.~A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include participants from the IGT population" (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin-0.32
Placebo + Metformin0.33
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-0.20
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-0.23
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia-0.33
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz-0.36
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin-0.26
Placebo + Insulin-0.80
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-0.06
Placebo in Participants With IGT0.10

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Mean Change in Fasting Plasma Insulin, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

"Change in Fasting Insulin level taken from plasma, measured at Baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment.~A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include participants from the IGT population" (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionpmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin-3.58
Placebo + Metformin10.73
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-16.07
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-9.40
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia-0.77
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz2.31
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin21.27
Placebo + Insulin25.67
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-.021
Placebo in Participants With IGT-3.43

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Mean Change in Fructosamine, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

"Change in Fructosamine Level taken from plasma, measured at Baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment.~A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include participants from the IGT population" (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin-5.30
Placebo + Metformin-0.75
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-3.45
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-7.50
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia-1.81
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz-3.07
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin-3.00
Placebo + Insulin-19.73
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-6.36
Placebo in Participants With IGT1.39

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Mean Change in Insulin Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0-4 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

Blood samples were drawn after a test meal at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min. Insulin levels over 4 hrs were shown as Area Under the Curve,(AUC). AUC was calculated as: x=1 AUC ΣAx n Where Ax = AUC for the 240 min.interval, and X = 1 for the 1st interval. A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab vs placebo within each T2DM group. The mixed model didn't include the IGT group. (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionpmol*hour/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin-9.37
Placebo + Metformin1.21
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-73.25
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-38.32
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia-36.96
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz8.46
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin163.87
Placebo + Insulin139.24
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT44.27
Placebo in Participants With IGT-106.68

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Mean Change in Meal Stimulated Insulin Secretion Rate (ISR) Relative to Glucose 0-2 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks.

Change in Insulin Secretion Rate stimulated by Liquid mixed-meal challenge. Blood samples were taken prior to and after meal for glucose and insulin at sample times: -20, -10, -1 and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes relative to the start of the meal.A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include patients from the IGT population (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionpmol/min/m^2/mmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin-0.06
Placebo + Metformin-0.23
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea0.04
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea0.45
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia-0.79
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz1.16
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin1.23
Placebo + Insulin-0.49
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-1.50
Placebo in Participants With IGT-1.93

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Mean Change in Meal Stimulated Insulin Secretion Rate (ISR) Relative to Glucose 0-4 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks.

Change in Insulin Secretion Rate stimulated by Liquid mixed-meal challenge. Blood samples were taken prior to and after meal for glucose, insulin and C-peptide at sample times: -20, -10, -1 and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes relative to the start of the meal. A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include participants from the IGT population. (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionpmol/min/m^2/mmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin0.44
Placebo + Metformin-0.99
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-0.32
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea1.22
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia-0.63
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz1.24
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin0.53
Placebo + Insulin-0.49
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-1.38
Placebo in Participants With IGT-1.35

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Mean Change in Meal Stimulated Insulin Secretion Rate (ISR) Relative to Glucose 2-4 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

Change in Insulin Secretion Rate stimulated by Liquid mixed-meal challenge Blood samples were taken prior to and after meal for glucose and insulin at sample times: -20, -10, -1 and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes relative to the start of the meal. A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include participants from the IGT population (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionpmol/min/m^2/mmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin0.21
Placebo + Metformin-2.15
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-2.98
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea2.02
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia0.15
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz1.19
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin-0.43
Placebo + Insulin-0.51
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-0.71
Placebo in Participants With IGT-1.00

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Mean Change in Peak Plasma C-peptide Level, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

"Change in mean peak plasma C-peptide level measured from Baseline to 4 weeks of treatment.~A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include participants from the IGT population." (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionnmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin-0.04
Placebo + Metformin-0.04
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-0.10
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea0.16
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia-0.21
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz0.05
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin0.07
Placebo + Insulin-0.14
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-0.18
Placebo in Participants With IGT-0.18

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Mean Change in Peak Plasma Glucose, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

"Change in peak plasma glucose level as measured from Baseline to 4 weeks of treatment.~A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include participants from the IGT population." (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin-0.41
Placebo + Metformin0.21
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-0.43
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-0.03
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia-0.82
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz-0.77
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin-0.15
Placebo + Insulin-0.60
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-0.34
Placebo in Participants With IGT-0.04

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Mean Change in Peak Plasma Insulin, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

Change in mean peak plasma Insulin level as measured from Baseline to 4 weeks of treatment. A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include participants from the IGT population. (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionpmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin8.09
Placebo + Metformin44.56
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-55.07
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea11.33
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia5.13
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz-5.15
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin91.74
Placebo + Insulin36.87
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT56.21
Placebo in Participants With IGT-26.43

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Mean Change in Post-prandial Glucose Area Under the Curve (AUC)0-4 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

Blood samples were drawn after a test meal at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min. Insulin levels over 4 hrs were shown as Area Under the Curve,(AUC). AUC was calculated as: x=1 AUC ΣAx n Where Ax = AUC for the 240 min.interval, and X = 1 for the 1st interval. A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab vs placebo within each T2DM group. The mixed model didn't include the IGT group. (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionmmol*hr/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin-0.59
Placebo + Metformin0.46
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-1.37
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-1.24
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia-3.58
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz-2.88
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin-1.49
Placebo + Insulin-1.76
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-0.71
Placebo in Participants With IGT-0.10

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Mean Change in Fasting Glucose Disposition Index(GDI)1 and Index 2, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

GDI 1 is the product of insulin sensitivity index (Si)during the 1st phase of insulin secretion and β-cell function as measured by the acute insulin response (AIR).GDI 2 is the product of (Si)during the 2nd phase of insulin secretion and β-cell function as measured by the acute insulin response (AIR). A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include participants from the IGT group. (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

,,,,,,,,,
Interventionnumber (Least Squares Mean)
Index 1Index 2 (n= 32,15, 29,15, 30,13, 25, 15, 20, 26)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin0.25-0.21
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin0.060.14
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea0.06-0.94
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia0.240.62
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-0.51-0.16
Placebo + Insulin-0.27-0.25
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz0.330.49
Placebo + Metformin-0.29-0.81
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea0.370.81
Placebo in Participants With IGT-0.64-0.31

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Mean Change in Absolute Glucose Level at 2 Hours, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

"Change in glucose level measured after 2 hours of fasting. Blood sample was drawn at 0 minutes and at 240 minutes.~A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include participants from the IGT population." (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionmmol/L (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin-0.53
Placebo + Metformin0.13
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea-0.60
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea0.18
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia-1.08
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz-0.56
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin-0.56
Placebo + Insulin-0.16
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-0.26
Placebo in Participants With IGT-0.25

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Mean Change in Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) Score, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

"The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) score, measures insulin sensitivity which is the inverse of insulin resistance. The score is calculated by the equation: 1 /(log(fasting insulin µU/mL) + log(fasting glucose mg/dL)). In normal subjects the mean score ± SE is 0.366 ± 0.029.~A mixed model with treatment fitted as fixed effect, and population and the interaction of population and treatment fitted as random effects were used for the comparison of Canakinumab versus placebo within each T2DM population. The mixed model did not include participants from the IGT population." (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionnumber (Least Squares Mean)
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin0.004
Placebo + Metformin-0.000
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea0.002
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea0.009
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia0.018
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz-0.001
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin-0.003
Placebo + Insulin0.005
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT-0.001
Placebo in Participants With IGT0.001

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Number of Participants Reporting Death, Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) and Adverse Events (AEs) Above 5% Frequency, From Baseline to 4 Weeks

An adverse event is any unwanted event, whether related to study drug or not occuring during the study period. A Serious Adverse Event (SAE) is an event resulting in death, requiring or prolonging hospitalization, a congenital anomaly or other important medical event. AEs and SAEs were recorded at each visit. (NCT01068860)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

,,,,,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Number of Participants with Serious Adverse EventsNumber of Participants with Non-serious AEs > 5%
Canakinumab 150 mg + Insulin06
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin00
Canakinumab 150 mg + Metformin + Sulfonylurea06
Canakinumab 150 mg Canakinumab 150 mg + Met + Sulfonyl + Thia04
Canakinumab 150 mg in Participants With IGT00
Placebo + Insulin03
Placebo + Met + Sulfonyl + Thiaz03
Placebo + Metformin04
Placebo + Metformin + Sulfonylurea03
Placebo in Participants With IGT00

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Number of Participants With a Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) Score ≤ 4

The mRS scale runs from 0-6, the scoring is as follows: 0 - No symptoms, 1 - No significant disability, 2 - Slight disability, 3 - Moderate disability, 4 - Moderately severe disability, 5 - Severe disability, 6 - Dead (NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Day 30, Day 90

InterventionNumber of Participants (Number)
Day 30Day 90
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)98

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National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) Score

The NIHSS is composed of 11 categories, each of which is scored between 0 and 4. A score of 0 indicates normal function, a higher score indicates more impairment. Category scores are summed to generate the total NIHSS score (possibles scores range from 0-42). (NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1, Day 2, Day 3, and Day 7

InterventionScore on a Scale (Mean)
BaselineDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 7
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)17.818.415.616.213.9

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Midline Shift

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3

InterventionMillimeters (mm) (Mean)
BaselineDay 1Day 2Day 3
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)0.562.002.632.50

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Ipsilateral Ventricle Volume

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3

InterventionCm^3 (Mean)
BaselineDay 1Day 2Day 3
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)11.789.258.9210.07

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Infarcted Hemisphere Volume

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3

InterventionCentimeters cubed (cm^3) (Mean)
BaselineDay 1Day 2Day 3
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)135.20156.78165.38181.71

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Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) Score

The GCS is scored on a scale between 3 and 15 (3 = the worst, and 15 = best). It is composed of three parameters : Best Eye Response (scored on a scale of 1-4), Best Verbal Response (scored on a scale of 1-5), Best Motor Response (scored on a scale of 1-6) (NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1, Day 2, Day 3, and Day 7

InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
BaselineDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 7
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)12.511.912.512.813.5

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Frequency of Hemorrhagic Events

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3

InterventionNumber of Events (Number)
Hemorrhagic Infarction Type 1Hemorrhagic Infarction Type 2Parenchymal Hematoma Type 1Parenchymal Hematoma Type 2
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)3800

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Absolute Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) Lesion Volume

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3

InterventionCm^3 (Mean)
BaselineDay 1Day 2Day 3
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)101.76141.62152.31169.73

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Rate of Enrollment

The number of months to enroll 10 participants. (NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Day 1

InterventionMonths (Number)
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)9.6

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Percentage of Participants With Pre-specified Adverse Events Associated With Glyburide According to Protocol

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Up to Day 4

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)0

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Percentage of Participants With All Four MRI Assessments Per Protocol

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Up to Day 3

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)90

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Percentage of Participants Requiring One or More Hypoglycemia Treatments

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Up to Day 4

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)0

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Percentage of Participants Completing 90-Day Follow-Up

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Day 90

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)80

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Percentage of Enrolled Participants to Screened Participants

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Day 1

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)5.7

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Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) Score

The FOUR Score is a 17-point scale (with potential scores ranging from 0 - 16). Decreasing FOUR Score is associated with worsening level of consciousness. The FOUR Score assesses four domains of neurological function: eye responses, motor responses, brainstem reflexes, and breathing pattern. (NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1, Day 2, Day 3, and Day 7

InterventionScore on a Scale (Mean)
BaselineDay 1Day 2Day 3Day 7
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)15.114.514.614.614.8

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Number of Participants Requiring Decompressive Craniectomy (DC)

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Up to Day 90

InterventionNumber of Participants (Number)
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)2

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Number of MRI Assessments Per Participant

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Up to Day 3

InterventionNumber of MRIs (Mean)
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)3.9

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Change From Baseline in DWI Lesion Volume

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 (Day 3 reported)

InterventionCm^3 (Mean)
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)60.30

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Percentage of Dose Reductions/ Dose Suspensions

(NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Up to Day 3

InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)0

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events

Adverse Events (AE's) of special interest (cardiac events, difficulty controlling blood sugar, liver problems, and blood disorders, including anemia) will be followed for 30 days and all Severe Adverse Events (SAE's) will be followed for 90 days. SAE's and AE's were reviewed, and the number of participants with unanticipated adverse events, or drug-related SAE's were assessed. (NCT01268683)
Timeframe: Up to Day 90

InterventionNumber of Participants (Number)
Adverse EventsSerious Adverse Events
RP-1127 (Glyburide for Injection)103

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Absolute Change in HbA1C Compared to Baseline

The secondary endpoint was the change from baseline values of HbA1C in the Vildagliptin vs Glibenclamide arm at 4 and 12 months (NCT01822548)
Timeframe: V0 (randomization), V2 (month4), V4 (month 12).

,
Interventionpercentage (Median)
V2 (4 month)V4 (12 month)
Glibenclamide & Metformin6.87.1
Vildagliptin & Metformin6.87.0

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Absolute Change in the Endothelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) Number

The study primary endpoint was the change from baseline values of the EPC number in the Vildagliptin vs Glibenclamide arm at 4 and 12 months. (NCT01822548)
Timeframe: V0, V2 (month 4), V4 (12 month)

,
InterventionEPC/10^6 cells (Median)
V2 (4 month)V4 (12 month)
Glibenclamide & Metformin3632
Vildagliptin & Metformin3745

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Change From Baseline in Percentage of Hypoglycemic Values (Glucose Sensor Readings: < 70, <60, <50 mg/dL)

Hypoglycemia, defined as low blood glucose, is a common side effect of medications used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2. The percentage of hypoglycemic corrected CGM readings (sensor glucose <70, <60, <50 mg/dL) over a 24-hour period were determined at baseline and Day 13. CGM values were corrected using a participant-administered finger-stick test for blood glucose. LS mean values were derived from a constrained longitudinal analysis model. A negative (-) change from baseline to Day 13 indicates improvement in occurrence of hypoglycemia. (NCT02318693)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -2) and Day 13

,
InterventionPercent change (Least Squares Mean)
<70 mg/dL<60 mg/dL<50 mg/dL
Glibenclamide 2.50 mg TDD0.80.2-0.3
Sitagliptin 50 mg-0.3-0.4-0.3

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Change From Baseline in 24-hour Mean Glucose Level

The mean glucose level over 24-hours at Baseline and Day 13 was determined using CGM values corrected for participant-administered finger-stick values. LS mean values were derived from a constrained longitudinal analysis model. A negative (-) change from Baseline to Day 13 indicates improvement of the assessed outcome. (NCT02318693)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -2) and Day 13

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Sitagliptin 50 mg-19.1
Glibenclamide 2.50 mg TDD-34.8

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Change From Baseline in Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions (MAGE) at Day 13

MAGE is a popular metric for assessment of major (e.g., postprandial) glucose swings. MAGE is calculated as the average of differences between consecutive glucose peaks and nadirs greater than 1 standard deviation (SD) of 24-hour mean glucose. In this assessment, glucose levels were determined using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) over 24 hours at Baseline and Day 13; CGM values were further corrected for blood glucose values obtained via participant-administered finger-stick. Least squares (LS) means values were derived from a constrained longitudinal analysis model. A negative (-) change from Baseline to Day 13 indicates improvement of the assessed outcome. (NCT02318693)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -2) and Day 13

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Sitagliptin 50 mg-18.5
Glibenclamide 2.50 mg TDD-9.7

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Change From Baseline in the Standard Deviation of Blood Glucose Levels

SD is a popular metric for assessment of postprandial glucose swings. The SD of all glycemic excursions over 24 hours (i.e., total of 288 glucose values over 24 hours) was determined for Baseline and Day 13. Original values were obtained using CGM and corrected for blood glucose values obtained via participant-administered finger-stick. LS mean values were derived from a constrained longitudinal analysis model. A negative (-) change from Baseline to Day 13 indicates improvement of the assessed outcome. (NCT02318693)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -2) and Day 13

Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
Sitagliptin 50 mg-10.2
Glibenclamide 2.50 mg TDD-4.2

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Change From Baseline in Maximum Incremental Postprandial Glucose Levels in Each Meal

The peak postprandial glucose level during the 3 hours post meal minus the preprandial glucose level 1 hour before meal was determined for corrected CGM values at Baseline and Day 13 for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Meals were standardized with respect to total calories, and protein, fat, and carbohydrate composition as well as timing of administration. CGM values were corrected using a participant-administered finger-stick test for blood glucose. LS mean values were derived from a constrained longitudinal analysis model. A negative (-) change from baseline to Day 13 indicates better control of postprandial glucose. (NCT02318693)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -2) and Day 13

,
Interventionmg/dL (Least Squares Mean)
BreakfastLunchDinner
Glibenclamide 2.50 mg TDD-12.01.2-14.1
Sitagliptin 50 mg-24.8-13.2-9.0

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Number of Participants Administered Dexamethasone (or Any Corticosteroid Administration With the Purpose of Treating Cerebral Edema)

Measured between the time of SRS and the time of the one and three month post SRS MRI scans. (NCT02460874)
Timeframe: 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pilot Portion0
Randomized Portion0

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Number of Participants With Absolute Volume Change of Index Tumor(s)

Absolute volume change of index tumor(s) that received radiosurgery as manually contoured by the radiation oncologist defined from T1 post gadolinium sequences at the time of SRS and the time of the one and three month post SRS MRI scans. (NCT02460874)
Timeframe: 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pilot Portion0
Randomized Portion0

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Number of Participants With Cerebral Edema Increase as Measured on FLAIR Volumetric Imaging

Defined from MRI taken at the time of SRS and the time of the one and three month post SRS MRI scans. (NCT02460874)
Timeframe: 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pilot Portion1
Randomized Portion0

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Number of Participants With CTCAE Version 4.0 Reportable Toxicities of Grades 1-2 Cardiac Disorders or Hepatobiliary Disorders.

Incidence of CTCAE version 4.0 reportable toxicities of grades 1-2 Cardiac Disorders or Hepatobiliary Disorders. (NCT02460874)
Timeframe: Up to 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pilot Portion0
Randomized Portion0

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Number of Participants With CTCAE Version 4.0 Reportable Toxicities of Grades 2-5.

Incidence of CTCAE version 4.0 reportable toxicities of grades 2-5. (NCT02460874)
Timeframe: 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pilot Portion0
Randomized Portion0

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Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs)

Assessed between the time of glyburide initiation and the time of the one month follow-up MRI. (NCT02460874)
Timeframe: 4 months

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Pilot Portion0
Randomized Portion0

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Number of Participants With Neurologic Recovery Following tSCI

The neurologic status of patients will be assessed using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) as assessed by International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI) criteria. (NCT02524379)
Timeframe: One year post enrollment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Glyburide Treatment Arm2

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Number of Participants With tSCI Recruited Within the Specified Time Window

A measure of feasibility of undertaking a larger phase II study among this population of patients where treatment must begin within a short injury-to-drug time window. (NCT02524379)
Timeframe: Enrollment Period (within 8 hours of tSCI)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Glyburide Treatment Arm3

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Percentage of Participants With Glasgow Outcome Scale - Extended (GOS-E) Score at Day 180

The GOS-E is a global disability scale used to assess recovery after traumatic brain injury. For this study, the 8 point ordinal scale was condensed to the following 7-categories: 1 and 2 combined: Dead and Vegetative State, 3: Lower Severe disability, 4: Upper Severe disability, 5: Lower Moderate disability, 6: Upper Moderate disability, 7 : Lower Good recovery, and 8: Upper Good Recovery. Lower scores indicate death and higher scores indicate recovery. (NCT03954041)
Timeframe: Day 180

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Score: 1/2Score: 3Score: 4Score: 5Score: 6Score: 7Score: 8
BIIB093 3 mg/Day013.326.76.7013.340.0
BIIB093 5 mg/Day027.39.10027.336.4
Placebo013.3013.326.76.740.0

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Percentage of Participants Requiring Delayed Intubation

Delayed intubation is defined as participants requiring intubation (for neurologic deterioration only) at any time between 24 hours and 96 hours post-injury. (NCT03954041)
Timeframe: Day 1 (24 hours) up to Day 4 (96 hours) post-injury

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo2.3
BIIB093 3 mg/Day4.8
BIIB093 5 mg/Day0

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Change From Baseline in Mean Total Contusion Volume (Hematoma Plus Perihematomal Edema) at 96 Hours as Measured by Brain Imaging

Total contusion volume including hematoma and perihematomal edema volumes reported in milliliters (mL) was assessed by the central imaging core laboratory on baseline non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT), 24-hour NCCT, and the 96-hour scan (Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and/or NCCT) and the scans obtained prior to decompressive craniectomy (DC), intraparenchymal hematoma (IPH) evacuation, or comfort measures only (CMO). (NCT03954041)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 96 hours (Day 4)

,,
InterventionmL (Mean)
BaselineChange From Baseline at 96 Hours
BIIB093 3 mg/Day21.2130.07
BIIB093 5 mg/Day21.3318.78
Placebo29.4518.91

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Percentage of Participants With Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) Score at Day 90

The mRS measures the degree of functional independence following stroke. In this study, the 7-category ordinal mRS scale was condensed to the following 5-categories: 0/1, 2, 3, 4, 5/6 where 0 and 1 reflect no disability and near-normal functioning while 5 and 6 represent severe disability and death, respectively. (NCT03954041)
Timeframe: Day 90

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Score: 0/1Score: 2Score: 3Score: 4Score: 5/6
BIIB093 3 mg/Day31.626.321.115.85.3
BIIB093 5 mg/Day57.17.1021.414.3
Placebo38.525.612.810.312.8

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Change From Baseline in Mean Total Contusion Volume (Hematoma Plus Perihematomal Edema) at 24 Hours as Measured by Brain Imaging

Total contusion volume including hematoma and perihematomal edema volumes reported in mL was assessed by the central imaging core laboratory on baseline NCCT and 24-hour NCCT. (NCT03954041)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 24 hours (Day 1)

,,
InterventionmL (Mean)
BaselineChange From Baseline at 24 Hours
BIIB093 3 mg/Day21.2111.24
BIIB093 5 mg/Day21.336.67
Placebo29.458.16

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Change From Baseline in Absolute Hematoma Volume at 24 Hours

Hematoma volume reported in mL was assessed by the central imaging core laboratory on baseline NCCT, 24-hour NCCT, and the scans obtained prior to DC, IPH evacuation, or CMO. (NCT03954041)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 24 hours (Day 1)

,,
InterventionmL (Mean)
BaselineChange From Baseline at 24 Hours
BIIB093 3 mg/Day6.112.13
BIIB093 5 mg/Day3.622.23
Placebo6.722.07

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Change From Baseline in Absolute Edema Volume at 96 Hours

Edema volume reported in mL was assessed by the central imaging core laboratory on baseline NCCT, 24-hour NCCT, and the 96-hour scan (MRI and/or NCCT) and the scans obtained prior to DC, IPH evacuation, or CMO. (NCT03954041)
Timeframe: Baseline up to 96 hours (Day 4)

,,
InterventionmL (Mean)
BaselineChange From Baseline at 96 Hours
BIIB093 3 mg/Day15.1025.87
BIIB093 5 mg/Day17.5214.98
Placebo22.4116.13

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Time to All-Cause Death Through Day 90

Time to all-cause death is defined as the time from randomization to the time of death and includes all-cause death along with neurological death. (NCT03954041)
Timeframe: Randomization up to Day 90

Interventiondays (Median)
PlaceboNA
BIIB093 5 mg/DayNA

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.		2.9440dihydroxybenzoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
2-keto-4-methylvalerate
alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease.		3.38702-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
branched-chain keto acid		algal metabolite;
human metabolite
protocatechuic acid
protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.		2.5320catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		4.38200amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid
Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.		3.56204-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
delta-amino acid		antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		1.9410hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		3.94120monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		2.4520acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		2.3820ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		3.741006-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
9-xylosyladenine
9-xylosyladenine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source		2.1310purine nucleoside
agmatine
Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.		2.4420guanidines;
primary amino compound		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		2.0510imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		3.150azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		3.5380acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		4.2850amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		2.7230alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
carbamates
[no description available]		14.656818amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		2.7630carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
aminooxyacetic acid
Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.		2.0410amino acid;
hydroxylamines;
monocarboxylic acid		anticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
carnitine
[no description available]		2.9740amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
catechol
[no description available]		2.4420catecholsallelochemical;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
chlordecone
[no description available]		2.0410cyclic ketone;
organochlorine compound		insecticide;
persistent organic pollutant
choline
[no description available]		3.2560cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		3.1550tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		61070halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		2.4220chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		3.3160coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		3.74100monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.9240trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
octanoic acid
octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.		2.1110medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.		6.44630gas molecular entity;
hydracid;
mononuclear parent hydride;
sulfur hydride		Escherichia coli metabolite;
genotoxin;
metabolite;
signalling molecule;
toxin;
vasodilator agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.		2.5820(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid;
3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		human metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		4.5370aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		2.0710guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
taxifolin
[no description available]		2.44203'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroflavonols;
pentahydroxyflavanone;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine		3.4211alpha-amino acid
malic acid
malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.		2.45202-hydroxydicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.7530monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		2.9740catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		4.460amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
fosmidomycin
fosmidomycin: from Streptomyces lavendulae; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in second source. fosmidomycin : Propylphosphonic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a formyl(hydroxy)amino group. An antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lavendulae, it specifically inhibits DXP reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.267), a key enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.267 (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase) inhibitor
creatine
[no description available]		5.4641glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		9.933592-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl
butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.		2.9240alpha-diketoneEscherichia coli metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dihydroxyacetone
[no description available]		1.9910ketotriose;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antifungal agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole
5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6.		2.0410dimethylbenzimidazoleEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		4.35190sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		4.28180aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane
Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.		2.0410chlorocyclohexane
glycine
[no description available]		7.27221alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde
Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.		3.2160aldotriosefundamental metabolite
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		4.23180alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		5.87231carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		4.46220aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		3.0340elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		2.7430benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine
amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.		2.4820hydroxylaminesalgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
nitric oxide donor;
nucleophilic reagent
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		210diatomic iodinenutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		1.9510hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		4.1231dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
malonic acid
malonic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid in which the two carboxy groups are separated by a single methylene group.. dicarboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.		2.4110alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acidhuman metabolite
pyruvaldehyde
Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.		2.52202-oxo aldehyde;
propanals		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		4.15150alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		7.9393cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		2.9540acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
n-acetylserotonin
N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.		2.0310acetamides;
N-acylserotonin;
phenols		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
acetanilide
acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.0710acetamides;
anilide		analgesic
naringenin
[no description available]		2.13104'-hydroxyflavanones;
trihydroxyflavanone
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		4.1760metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		6.91900pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		4.460pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2.		2.0610N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridine alkaloid;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		3.690monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		3.6390monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.		2.0610gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent
hydroxide ion
[no description available]		2.4920oxygen hydridemouse metabolite
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.0510pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		2.0510aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		2.9240long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
parathion
[no description available]		2.0410C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol
PENTA: structure given in first source		2.0410aromatic fungicide;
chlorophenol;
organochlorine pesticide;
pentachlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		2.5220phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
phosphoenolpyruvate
Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.		2.420carboxyalkyl phosphate;
monocarboxylic acid		fundamental metabolite
phthalic acid
phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.		210benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.		2.0310pyridinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
MALDI matrix material
propylene glycol
Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.		2.0710glycol;
propane-1,2-diols		allergen;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		1.9410propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		2.0110saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
putrescine
[no description available]		3.2920alkane-alpha,omega-diamineantioxidant;
fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		4.6580monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyrazinoic acid
pyrazinoic acid: active metabolite of pyrazinamide; structure. pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid : The parent compound of the class of pyrazinecarboxylic acids, that is pyrazine bearing a single carboxy substituent. The active metabolite of the antitubercular drug pyrazinamide.		2.4320pyrazinecarboxylic acidantitubercular agent;
drug metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		2.9540methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		4.0940hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid
Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.		3.26602-oxo monocarboxylic acidcofactor;
fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid
Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.		2.4120pyridinedicarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
sulfites
Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).		2.0310divalent inorganic anion;
sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
spermidine
[no description available]		3.2920polyazaalkane;
triamine		autophagy inducer;
fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
spermine
[no description available]		3.8340polyazaalkane;
tetramine		antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		2.4320alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
sulfur dioxide
Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.		2.4420sulfur oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
food bleaching agent;
refrigerant
taurine
[no description available]		3.72100amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		3.5920primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trimethyloxamine
trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.		210tertiary amine oxideEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
osmolyte
trimethylamine
[no description available]		1.9810methylamines;
tertiary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		5.632pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		3.470uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		4.24180isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).		2.1110benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
xanthine
7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.		2.730xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxyflavan
epibatidine
[no description available]		2.0810alkaloid
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate
2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.		2.420non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidNMDA receptor antagonist
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin
8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively		1.9810phenols;
tertiary amino compound;
tetralins		serotonergic antagonist
alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine
[no description available]		2.0310
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0310
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source		2.0310
ibotenic acid
Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.		2.0310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidneurotoxin
gallopamil
Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.		3.3870benzenes;
organic amino compound
b 844-39
[no description available]		3.5110diarylmethane
normetanephrine
Normetanephrine: A methylated metabolite of norepinephrine that is excreted in the urine and found in certain tissues. It is a marker for tumors.		2.0410catecholamine
octoclothepine
octoclothepine: major tranquilizer with action similar to those of the phenothiazines; used in schizophrenic & manic psychoses; minor decriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search DIBENZOTHIEPINS (77-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.3110dibenzothiepine
n(8)-bromoacetyl-n(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane
N(8)-bromoacetyl-N(1)-3'-(4-indolyloxy)-2'-hydroxypropyl-1,8-diamino-4-menthane: structure given in first source		2.0310
sk&f-38393
2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393		2.7230benzazepine;
catechols;
secondary amino compound
1h-3-benzazepin-7-ol, 8-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-
1H-3-benzazepin-7-ol, 8-bromo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyl-5-phenyl-: stereoselective antagonist of dopamine receptor		2.0110benzazepine
vanilmandelic acid
Vanilmandelic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. It is an end-stage metabolite of CATECHOLAMINES; EPINEPHRINE; and NOREPINEPHRINE.. vanillylmandelic acid : An aromatic ether that is the 3-O-methyl ether of 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid.		2.03102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
phenols		human metabolite
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		2.0510p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
[no description available]		2.0610catechin
1,10-diaminodecane
[no description available]		2.4420
1,10-phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases		2.1310phenanthrolineEC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets		210
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine: structure given in first source		2.0310
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine
DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.		4.78310oxopurineadenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine
1,3-dipropyl-8-(4-sulfophenyl)xanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist		2.0310
1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline
1,5-dihydroxyisoquinoline: structure in first source. isoquinoline-1,5-diol : An isoquinolinol that is isoquinoline in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by hydroxy groups.		2.0310isoquinolinolEC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
pk 11195
PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine		2.7530aromatic amide;
isoquinolines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		2.4620monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole
1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)imidazole: an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse		2.0310imidazoles
1-aminobenzotriazole
[no description available]		2.4420
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		4.4651aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.		2.0310methylpyridines;
phenylpyridine;
tetrahydropyridine		neurotoxin
1-methylimidazole
1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.		2.0310imidazoles
edelfosine
edelfosine: RN given refers to parent cpd. edelfosine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-edelfosine.. 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine : A glycerophosphocholine that is glycero-3-phosphocholine substituted at positions 1 and 2 by octadecyl and methyl groups respectively.		2.4320glycerophosphocholine
1-oleoyl-2-acetoyl-sn-glycerol
[no description available]		2.0410
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine
N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine: structure in first source. N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine : An aralkylamine that is Nbenzylacetamidine substituted at position 3 on the benzene ring by an aminomethyl group. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.		210aralkylamine;
carboxamidine;
primary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
17-octadecynoic acid
octadec-17-ynoic acid : An acetylenic fatty acid that is octadecanoi acid (stearic acid) which has been doubly dehydrogenated at positions 17 and 18 to give the corresponding alkynoic acid.		2.730acetylenic fatty acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
monounsaturated fatty acid;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.14.14.94 (leukotriene-B4 20-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.15.3 (alkane 1-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one
1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.		5.2470oxadiazoloquinoxalineEC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
hoe 33342
BXI-72: structure in first source		2.7330bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		fluorochrome
2,2'-dipyridyl
2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.		2.7530bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dinitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.		3.86120dinitrophenolallergen;
antiseptic drug;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
geroprotector;
oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
2-hydroxysaclofen
2-hydroxysaclofen: structure given in first source		2.0310organochlorine compound
2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate
2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N,N-diphenylcarbamate: inhibits phospholipase C and serine esterases; structure in first source		210
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group.		2.4220organoboron compound;
primary amino compound		calcium channel blocker;
IP3 receptor antagonist;
potassium channel opener
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin
3,4-dichloroisocoumarin : A member of the class of isocoumarins that is isocoumarin substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 4. It is a serine protease inhibitor.		2.4420isocoumarins;
organochlorine compound		geroprotector;
serine protease inhibitor
amitrole
Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		2.4420aromatic amine;
triazoles		carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor;
herbicide
phaclofen
phaclofen: peripheral & central baclofen & GABA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0310organophosphate oxoanion;
zwitterion
3-aminobenzamide
[no description available]		2.0310benzamides;
substituted aniline		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
tramiprosate
tramiprosate: GABA receptor agonist and a glycosaminoglycan mimetic; has nootropic acitivity; structure; a sulfonate analog of GABA. 3-aminopropanesulfonic acid : An amino sulfonic acid that is the 3-amino derivative of propanesulfonic acid.		2.1310amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		algal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
GABA agonist;
nootropic agent
3-bromo-7-nitroindazole
[no description available]		2.0310
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		2.9640oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3-nitropropionic acid
3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.		3.3970C-nitro compoundantimycobacterial drug;
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
mycotoxin;
neurotoxin
ro 5-4864
4'-chlorodiazepam: selectively binds peripheral benzodiazepine receptor		2.1310
cgp 52411
4,5-dianilinophthalimide: structure given in first source. 4,5-dianilinophthalimide : Phthalimide substituted at the 4- and 5-positions by anilino groups.		2.0510phthalimidesgeroprotector;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide
4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN;		2.7530benzoisoquinoline;
dicarboximide
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		8.641501aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium
4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium: muscarinic receptor antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse abbreviation 4-DAMP with a similar cpd which does not contain dimethyl groups. 4-DAMP(1+) : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by formal methylation of the tertiary amino function of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine.		2.4120quaternary ammonium ioncholinergic antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		2.7230guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide
4-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide: metabolite of nifuroxazide. 4-hydroxybenzohydrazide : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with hydrazine.		2.0310carbohydrazide;
phenols
4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile
4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile: structure given in first source. 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile : A 1,2,5-oxadiazole substituted by an oxido, cyano and phenyl groups at positions 2, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.		2.44201,2,5-oxadiazole;
benzenes;
N-oxide;
nitrile		geroprotector;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.		2.03101-pyrroline nitronesneuroprotective agent;
spin trapping reagent
phenytoin
[no description available]		6.11230imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid: potent antagonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-associated glycine binding site		2.0310quinolines
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid
5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).		2.1310long-chain fatty acid
5-dimethylamiloride
5-dimethylamiloride: has anti-HIV-1 activity		210
5-(n,n-hexamethylene)amiloride
5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride: inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange; has anti-HIV-1 activity. 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring.		2.7230aromatic amine;
azepanes;
guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
odorant receptor antagonist;
sodium channel blocker
ethylisopropylamiloride
ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.		2.7430aromatic amine;
guanidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
neuroprotective agent;
sodium channel blocker
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid
5-fluoroindole-2-carboxylic acid: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist		2.7530indolyl carboxylic acid
5-hydroxydecanoate
5-hydroxydecanoic acid: Potassium Channel Blocker; RN refers to parent cpd		11.931080medium-chain fatty acid
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		2.5120indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenanthridone
phenanthridone: coal tar derivative; structure given in first source. phenanthridone : A member of the class of phenanthridines that is phenanthridine with an oxo substituent at position 6. A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, it has been shown to exhibit immunosuppressive activity.		2.4420lactam;
phenanthridines		EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
mutagen
6-chloromelatonin
[no description available]		2.0310acetamides
6-hydroxymelatonin
6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6.		2.0310acetamides;
tryptamines		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-methoxytryptoline
6-methoxytryptoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310
6-nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone
[no description available]		2.4420
7-chlorokynurenic acid
7-chlorokynurenic acid: selective antagonist at the glycine modulatory site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex; structure given in first source. 7-chlorokynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinaldic acid which is substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and by a chlorine at position 7. It is a potent NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist which antagonizes the strychnine-insensitive glycine site of the NMDA receptor. It also prevents neurodegeneration produced by quinolinic acid.		2.0310organochlorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
etofylline
etofylline: etophyllin appeared once in PubMed: Wien Med Wochenschr. 1986 May 15;136(9):213-8 as a combination drug with theophylline (spelt without e, theophllin)		2.1310oxopurine
7-nitroindazole
7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure		3.1450
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist		4.25180
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine: prolongs epileptic seizures in rats		2.9140oxopurine
8-phenyltheophylline
8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist		5.8290
oxyquinoline
Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.		2.0710monohydroxyquinolineantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug;
iron chelator
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		3.89120acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aa 861
2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.		2.48201,4-benzoquinones;
acetylenic compound;
primary alcohol		EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		4.99120aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		5.43190acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetarsol
[no description available]		2.520acetamides;
anilide
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		5.02120monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		5.15150acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.8530acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
ethacridine
Ethacridine: A topically applied anti-infective agent.		2.0710acridines
4-(acetylamino)benzeneacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0710acetamides;
anilide
adiphenine
adiphenine: was heading 1963-94; use DIPHENYLACETIC ACIDS to search ADIPHENINE 1966-94		2.0710diarylmethane
tyrphostin ag 1024
tyrphostin AG 1024: modulates radiosensitivity in human breast cancer cells; also an IGF1 receptor inhibitor		2.1310alkylbenzene
ag 127
tyrphostin AG 126: inhibits development of postoperative ileus induced by surgical manipulation of murine colon		2.4420nitrophenol
rtki cpd
[no description available]		2.4420aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
geroprotector
tyrphostin a23
tyrphostin A23: inhibits EGF-stimulated thymidine incorporation as well as EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation & tyrosine phosphorylation & cell proliferation; structure given in first source		2.4420catechols
tyrphostin 25
[no description available]		2.4420benzenetriol
tyrphostin a1
[no description available]		2.0310methoxybenzenesgeroprotector
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid
1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid: structure given in first source		2.0310
aklomide
aklomide: structure		2.0710carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.2310alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		4.2850aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		5.78280phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		3.85301,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		3.8630monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		3.8530imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate
alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate: specific inhibitor of pyruvate transport in rat liver mitochondria & human erythrocytes; structure		2.9340
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		4.6480organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		3.73100secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		4.4160triamino-1,3,5-triazine
aluminum fluoride
[no description available]		210aluminium coordination entity
am 251
AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.		2.7330amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
organoiodine compound;
pyrazoles		antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
CB1 receptor antagonist
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		5.44110adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ionEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		2.0510aromatic amine
ametantrone
ametantrone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
amfonelic acid
amfonelic acid: CNS-stimulant		2.0310
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		3.8730acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		4.0640diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		3.1550dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		3.470guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		5.0570N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		8.791020dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole
2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
primary amino compound
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		5.161401-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		2.7530aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		5.52210carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlexanox
amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position.		2.4520monocarboxylic acid;
pyridochromene		anti-allergic agent;
anti-ulcer drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		5.35170dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		2.7230barbiturates
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.0710aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		4.5570dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amprolium
Amprolium: A veterinary coccidiostat that interferes with THIAMINE metabolism.. amprolium : An organic chloride salt having 1-[(4-amino-2-propylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-methylpyridin-1-ium as the counterion. Used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.. amprolium(1+) : A pyridinium ion that is the cationic portion of amprolium, a veterinary drug which is used for prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and cattle.		2.0710pyridinium ioncoccidiostat
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		3.360acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		4.2550nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione
Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.		2.0510methoxybenzenes
aniracetam
[no description available]		2.4720N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidin-2-ones
anisindione
anisindione: structure. anisindione : A cyclic beta-diketone consisting of indane-1,3-dione having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.1310aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant;
vitamin K antagonist
antazoline
Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.4220aromatic amine;
imidazolines;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
9-anthroic acid
9-anthroic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; chloride channel blocker; do not confuse with c-ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) which is frequently abbreviated as ANCA. 9-anthroic acid : An anthroic acid carrying the carboxy substituent at position 9.		2.6830anthroic acid
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.4720anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		3.99130pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid
2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid: glutamate antagonist in locust muscle; structure; do not confuse with L-AP4, which is the propionic acid version		2.0310
acetovanillone
apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.		2.7630acetophenones;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone		antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug;
plant metabolite
6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol
[no description available]		2.4720aporphine alkaloid
apraclonidine
apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
guanidines;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
diagnostic agent;
ophthalmology drug
aprindine
Aprindine: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		1.9810indanes
arcaine
arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.		2.0410guanidines
arecoline
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.		2.0710enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyridine alkaloid;
tetrahydropyridine		metabolite;
muscarinic agonist
arotinolol
arotinolol: structure given in first source; arotinolol is the (+-)-isomer		1.9910aromatic amide;
thiophenes
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		12.89341benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		3.92120benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		10.76270ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-4-isoxazolepropionate: a glutamate agonist		2.0310alpha-amino acid
aurintricarboxylic acid
Aurintricarboxylic Acid: A dye which inhibits protein biosynthesis at the initial stages. The ammonium salt (aluminon) is a reagent for the colorimetric estimation of aluminum in water, foods, and tissues.. aurintricarboxylic acid : A member of the class of quinomethanes that is 3-methylidene-6-oxocyclohexa-1,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by 4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenyl groups. The trisodium salt is the biological stain 'chrome violet CG' while the triammonium salt is 'aluminon'.		2.4420monohydroxybenzoic acid;
quinomethanes;
tricarboxylic acid		fluorochrome;
histological dye;
insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 antagonist
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		5.01120aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		2.9540alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.7330monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
azinphosmethyl
Azinphosmethyl: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor. It has been used as an acaricide and as an insecticide.. azinphos-methyl : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,3-benzotriazine substituted by an oxo group at position 4 and a [(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at position 3.		2.0410benzotriazines;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
azosemide
azosemide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at positions 2, 4, and 5 by chlorine, (2-thienylmethyl)amino and 1H-tetrazol-5-yl groups, respectively. It is a diuretic that has been used in the management of oedema and hypertension.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide;
tetrazoles;
thiophenes		loop diuretic
baclofen
[no description available]		4.83100amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		2.0510barbituratesdrug allergen
bay-k-8644
3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.		4.72290(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
bendazac
bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.		3.5920indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		4.0740benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benserazide
Benserazide: An inhibitor of DOPA DECARBOXYLASE that does not enter the central nervous system. It is often given with LEVODOPA in the treatment of parkinsonism to prevent the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, thereby increasing the amount that reaches the central nervous system and reducing the required dose. It has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.. benserazide : A carbohydrazide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of DL-serine with the primary amino group of 4-(hydrazinylmethyl)benzene-1,2,3-triol. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as its hydrochloride salt as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		2.3920carbohydrazide;
catechols;
primary alcohol;
primary amino compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.0310benzamides
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		5.31901-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.		2.3110ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenecarcinogenic agent;
mouse metabolite
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		2.4820benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		2.520benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benzyl benzoate
benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.		2.0110benzoate ester;
benzyl ester		acaricide;
plant metabolite;
scabicide
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		3.72100pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berberine
[no description available]		3.77100alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
betaxolol
[no description available]		6.22101propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		3.8430carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
bevantolol
bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.7230propanolamineanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
calcium channel blocker
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		4.2650(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		2.7830biphenyls;
imidazoles
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		3.8630piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		4.1140diarylmethane
bisbenzimidazole
Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.		2.0310bibenzimidazole;
N-methylpiperazine		anthelminthic drug;
fluorochrome
bisindolylmaleimide i
bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide		3.1250
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		4.91110secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bml 190
indomethacin morpholinylamide: an inverse agonist of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor		2.4420N-acylindole
bretylium
bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		2.6930quaternary ammonium ionadrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
brimonidine
[no description available]		2.9640imidazoles;
quinoxaline derivative;
secondary amine		adrenergic agonist;
alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent
bromazepam
Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.9640organic molecular entity
bromhexine
Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).		2.4620organobromine compound;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		mucolytic
bromopride
bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.7530benzamides
bromisovalum
Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.		2.0510N-acylurea;
organobromine compound
seratrodast
[no description available]		2.4320organic molecular entity
bronopol
[no description available]		2.0810nitro compound
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.7230organic molecular entity
bu 224
BU 224: a selective imidazoline 2-receptor blocker		2.0510quinolines
bufexamac
Bufexamac: A benzeneacetamide with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic action. It is administered topically, orally, or rectally.. bufexamac : A hydroxamic acid derived from phenylacetamide in which the benzene moiety is substituted at C-4 by a butoxy group. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties.		2.1310aromatic ether;
hydroxamic acid		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
buflomedil
buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure		2.7430aromatic ketone
buformin
Buformin: An oral hypoglycemic agent that inhibits gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, and decreases glucose oxidation.. buformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide substituted by a butyl group at position 1. It is an antidiabetic drug with potential antitumor effect.		2.6630biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
radiosensitizing agent
bumetanide
[no description available]		6.58370amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin
bunazosin: structure		2.0410quinazolines
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		4.93110aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		4.7790azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
busulfan
[no description available]		4.94110methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital
secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital		3.2310barbiturates
butacaine
butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92		2.520benzoate ester
butalbital
butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.		2.0510barbituratesanalgesic;
sedative
butamben
butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.		2.520amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		local anaesthetic
butenafine
butenafine: studied on experimental dermatophytosis. butenafine : Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections.		2.0210naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		antifungal drug;
EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor
caffeine
[no description available]		6.94540purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		9.62801aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
metrizoate
Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.		2.4520monocarboxylic acidradioopaque medium
calmidazolium
calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.		1.9810imidazolium ionapoptosis inducer;
calmodulin antagonist
candesartan cilexetil
candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects		5.2331biphenyls
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.0840benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamylcholine
[no description available]		2.0710
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		5.53210dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbetapentane
carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310benzenes
carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.		3.620monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
carbazilquinone
Carbazilquinone: An alkylating agent structurally similar to MITOMYCIN and found to be effective in the treatment of leukemia and various other neoplasms in mice. It causes leukemia and thrombocytopenia in almost all human patients.		2.0410organic molecular entity
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		4.4160carbamate estermuscle relaxant
carmofur
[no description available]		2.0410organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		3.6590N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		2.4720carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		2.9440quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		6.48131carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.		3.7100hydrazone;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
ionophore
celecoxib
[no description available]		10.36100organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
celiprolol
Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.		2.4820aromatic ketone
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		5.1880ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.		2.0710quaternary ammonium ion
cgs 12066
4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline : A pyrroloquinoxaline that is pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline bearing additional 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 4 and 7 respectively. A 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (5-HT1B) full agonist, 10-fold selective over 5-HT1A and 1000-fold selective over 5-HT2C receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.0310N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
pyrroloquinoxaline		serotonergic agonist
cgs 15943
9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)-(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5-c)quinazolin-5-imine: non-xanthine triazoloquinazoline adenosine antagonist. CGS 15943 : A member of the class of triazoloquinazolines that is [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazoline substited at positions 2, 5 and 9 by furan-2-yl, amino and chloro groups respectively. A potent antagonist at adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A receptors.		2.4420aromatic amine;
biaryl;
furans;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines;
triazoloquinazoline		adenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
antineoplastic agent;
central nervous system stimulant
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		4.46220benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		2.4520aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		5.29160aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine
chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness		3.2310diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		4.6580benzodiazepine
chlormezanone
Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.		4.06401,3-thiazine;
lactam;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfone		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
muscle relaxant
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		5.47190aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		4.3960benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.4720monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		4.85100monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		5.53210organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		24.5918369monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		4.86100isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		4.931101,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
6-hydroxychlorzoxazone
6-hydroxychlorzoxazone: chlorzoxazone metabolite in humans		210benzoxazole
cifenline
[no description available]		4.02140diarylmethane
ciclopirox
[no description available]		2.4520cyclic hydroxamic acid;
hydroxypyridone antifungal drug;
pyridone		antibacterial agent;
antiseborrheic
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		8.1250aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostamide
cilostamide: selective inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase & platelet aggregation; structure		2.4420quinolines
cilostazol
[no description available]		4.6580lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		7.71281aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
aricine
[no description available]		2.0710cinchona alkaloid
cinoxacin
Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.		3.2960cinnolines;
oxacycle;
oxo carboxylic acid		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		3.1650cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		7.39201aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
cirazoline
cirazoline: posseses agonist properties at alpha-adrenoreceptor sites; RN given refers to parent cpd		210aromatic ether
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		3.5480benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		4.861002-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clebopride
clebopride: antidopaminergic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0610piperidines
clenbuterol
Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.4220amino alcohol;
dichlorobenzene;
ethanolamines;
primary arylamine;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.7530monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		2.73301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		4.5570monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		6.44131aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid
Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.		3.7821aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
herbicide;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist
clofilium
clofilium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.580benzenes;
organic amino compound
clomiphene
[no description available]		4.140tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		4.7690dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		4.53701,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		5.84300clonidine;
imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.7830sulfonamide
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		3.84301,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotiazepam
clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines		2.0510organic molecular entity
clotrimazole
[no description available]		5.48200conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cloxyquin
cloxyquin: has antitubercular activity; structure in first source		2.0710organochlorine compound;
quinolines
cocaine
[no description available]		2.0610
cromolyn
cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.		2.9640chromones;
dicarboxylic acid		anti-asthmatic drug;
calcium channel blocker
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide
phenylalanyl-cyclo(cysteinyltyrosyl-tryptophyl-ornithyl-threonyl-penicillamine)threoninamide: cyclic somatostatin octapeptide analog with high affinity & selectivity toward mu opioid receptors		2.4120
cx546
1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: structure in first source		2.0310
cyclandelate
Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.		2.4720carboxylic ester;
secondary alcohol		vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		3.8530carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil
Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.		3.5320organic molecular entity
cycloleucine
Cycloleucine: An amino acid formed by cyclization of leucine. It has cytostatic, immunosuppressive and antineoplastic activities.. 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is cyclopentane substituted at position 1 by amino and carboxy groups.		2.0410non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acidEC 2.5.1.6 (methionine adenosyltransferase) inhibitor
cyclothiazide
cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.		2.4120benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		2.0510dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dantrolene
Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.		2.9140hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione		muscle relaxant;
neuroprotective agent;
ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapsone
[no description available]		5.1130substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
debrisoquin
Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.		7.9240carboxamidine;
isoquinolines		adrenergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
human metabolite;
sympatholytic agent
decamethonium
decamethonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. decamethonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is a depolarising muscle relaxant whose structure comprises a decane-1,10-diamine core in which each amino group carries three methyl substituents.		1.9710quaternary ammonium ionmuscle relaxant;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
deferiprone
Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.		2.13104-pyridonesiron chelator;
protective agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		4.0640acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
dephostatin
dephostatin: from Streptomyces sp. MJ742-NF5; structure given in first source		2.0310
dequalinium
Dequalinium: A topical bacteriostat that is available as various salts. It is used in wound dressings and mouth infections and may also have antifungal action, but may cause skin ulceration.. dequalinium : A quinolinium ion comprising decane in which one methyl hydrogen at each end of the molecule has been replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylquinolin-1-yl group.		2.7330quinolinium ionantifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiseptic drug;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		5.39180dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam
Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.		2.72301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
sedative
nonivamide
nonivamide: has effect on sensory neurons. nonivamide : A capsaicinoid that is the carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine with the carboxy group of nonanoic acid. It is the active ingredient in many pepper sprays.		2.0310capsaicinoid;
phenols		lachrymator
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		4.2250primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		4.1960alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
r 59022
R 59022: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor; structure given in first source; platelet activator factor antagonist		2.0310diarylmethane
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		5.682501,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		13.672757benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene
dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.		2.0710dibenzothiophenes;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		keratolytic drug
dibucaine
Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.		2.7830aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		topical anaesthetic
dicamba
Dicamba: A chlorinated organic herbicide.. dicamba : A methoxybenzoic acid that is O-methylsalicylic acid substituted by chloro groups at positions 3 and 6.		2.0410dichlorobenzene;
methoxybenzoic acid		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
synthetic auxin;
xenobiotic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		7.86331amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		2.4420benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorophen
Dichlorophen: Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.)		2.1310bridged diphenyl fungicide;
diarylmethane
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		3.8630dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dichlorvos
Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.		2.1710alkenyl phosphate;
dialkyl phosphate;
organochlorine acaricide;
organophosphate insecticide		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		3.8630carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		2.0410N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.8130pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		4.84100monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dilacor xr
5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate : A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.		2.4720acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
benzothiazepine;
lactam;
tertiary amino compound
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		3.8430dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
dimethadione
Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.		2.0710oxazolidinone
dinitolmide
Dinitolmide: A coccidiostat for poultry.		2.0410dinitrotoluene
diphenhydramine
Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.		4.93110ether;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
antitussive;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
oneirogen;
sedative
diphenyleneiodonium
diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.		2.4120organic cation
diphenylpyraline
diphenylpyraline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. allergen : A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.. diphenylpyraline : A member of the class of piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.		2.0710piperidines;
tertiary amine		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist
dipivefrin
dipivefrin: used in treatment of both primary & open angle glaucoma; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. dipivefrin : The dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.		2.0210ethanolamines;
pivalate ester		adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		13.12242piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
dipyrone
metamizole : A pyrazole that is antiipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfomethyl)amino group, the sodium salt of which, metamizole sodium, was widely used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic, but withdrawn from many markets from the 1970s due to a risk of causing risk of causing agranulocytosis.		2.0410amino sulfonic acid;
pyrazoles		anti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		5.84170monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		5.52120organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		5.23150branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid
2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid: (D)-isomer active as an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate excitation of central neurons; (L)-isomer inactive; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0310
thiorphan
Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.		2.4520N-acyl-amino acid
2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
2,3-dimethoxynaphthalene-1,4-dione : A naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 3. Redox-cycling agent that induces intracellular superoxide anion formation and, depending on the concentration, induces cell proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis. Used to study the role of ROS in cell toxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis.		2.44201,4-naphthoquinones
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		4.12150benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		4.5970aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		4.6140morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.6480aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		4.7590dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		3.620pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		4.94110aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
dipropizine
[no description available]		2.4820piperazines
dyclonine
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic ketone;
piperidines		topical anaesthetic
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		4.4260oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
e 4031
E 4031: class III anti-arrhythmia agent; structure given in UD		3.79110sulfonamide
ebastine
[no description available]		2.4820organic molecular entity
ebselen
ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase.		3.2960benzoselenazoleanti-inflammatory drug;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor;
enzyme mimic;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
genotoxin;
hepatoprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		3.1450dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		3.2310phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ellipticine
ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.		2.7530indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
polycyclic heteroarene		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
embelin
embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.		2.0710dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonesantimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
plant metabolite
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		3.1750trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		2.7130ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		3.14501,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
epirizole
Epirizole: 4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity.		2.1310aromatic ether
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		4.15160
estazolam
Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.		3.8530triazoles;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		4.5570aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
myambutol
[no description available]		2.1310amino alcohol
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		3.3110ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
ethinamate
ethinamate: short duration hypnotic with fast onset & relatively low toxicity; may cause dependence; minor descriptor (76-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (76-85). ethinamate : A carbamate ester that is the 1-vinylcyclohexyl ester of carbamic acid. A short-acting sedative-hypnotic, it was formerly used to treat insomnia.		2.0410carbamate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		sedative
profenamine
profenamine: was heading 1972-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINES 1972-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search ETHOPROPAZINE 1972-94. profenamine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.		2.0710phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic antagonist;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		4.460dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		3.620imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide
Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.		2.4920aromatic ether;
benzothiazoles;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		3.85301,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etilefrine
Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.		2.9540phenols
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		4.6480monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810
[no description available]		4.41602-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.		4.790aromatic ether;
hydrazone;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound		ATP synthase inhibitor;
geroprotector;
ionophore
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.6680carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
4-biphenylylacetic acid
biphenyl-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is substituted by a biphenyl-4-yl group. An active metabolite of fenbufen, it is used as a topical medicine to treat muscle inflammation and arthritis.		2.5120biphenyls;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		5.58220dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fenbufen
fenbufen: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.49204-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
biphenyls		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fendiline
Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.		2.4620diarylmethane
fenfluramine
Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.		4.0731(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		5.83160aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		3.620benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fenoprofen
Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.		3.620monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek
Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		3.4170resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
fenspiride
fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma		2.4520azaspiro compound
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		3.6690anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		5.37100piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide
fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level		3.2310benzodioxoles
flavoxate
Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.		3.2310carboxylic ester;
flavones;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		5.14140aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		2.9740difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		5.21150conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		5.01120aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		3.4270aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		4.6680N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		5.17140ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flumequine
flumequine: structure. flumequine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-flumequine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, formerly used in veterinary medicine for stock breeding and treatment of aquacultures.. 9-fluoro-5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline carrying additional carboxy, methyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2, 5 and 9 respectively.		2.13103-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
pyridoquinoline;
quinolone antibiotic
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		2.72301,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		4.460benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		5.23150nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		5.17140(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
fluphenazine depot
fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.		2.0210decanoate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
prodrug
fluphenazine enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210phenothiazines
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		3.59201,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		4.85100fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene
Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.		2.7530diarylmethane
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		5.35170(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		3.5920pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
formoterol fumarate
N-[2-hydroxy-5-(1-hydroxy-2-{[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)phenyl]formamide : A phenylethanoloamine having 4-hydroxy and 3-formamido substituents on the phenyl ring and an N-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-2-yl substituent.		2.4420formamides;
phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		4.460carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
fpl 64176
FPL 64176: an activator of L-type calcium channels; structure given in first source. FPL 64176 : 1H-Pyrrole substituted at C-2 and -5 by methyl groups, at C-3 by methoxycarbonyl and at C-4 by a 2-benzylbenzoyl group.		2.7130carboxylic ester;
pyrroles		calcium channel agonist
furafylline
[no description available]		2.4620oxopurine
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		7.33440chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
fusaric acid
Fusaric Acid: A picolinic acid derivative isolated from various Fusarium species. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic applications but is primarily used as a research tool. Its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. It probably inhibits DOPAMINE BETA-HYDROXYLASE, the enzyme that converts dopamine to norepinephrine. It may also have other actions, including the inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis.		2.0310aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		5.27160gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid
4-amino-5-hexynoic acid: structure		2.0310
vanoxerine
vanoxerine: structure given in first source. vanoxerine : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.0510ether;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		dopamine uptake inhibitor
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		10.23150aromatic etherantilipemic drug
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.3820
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.		1.9910dihydroxybenzoic acidEC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
MALDI matrix material;
mouse metabolite
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		4.0940aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		14.6615635N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		16.2614120sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		19.4522568aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		2.4520piperidines
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester
[no description available]		3.2310benzenes
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		2.4520
granisetron
[no description available]		4.85100aromatic amide;
indazoles
fluorometholone
[no description available]		2.1310
guaiazulene
guaiazulene: structure		2.0510sesquiterpene
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		4.2750methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		4.6280azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		4.6580acetamides
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		3.2310carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide
[no description available]		1.9810isoquinolines;
sulfonamide
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.		3.3870isoquinolines;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.0310isoquinolines
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.0510isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		5.59220aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		5.19150haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline
Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.		2.1310harmala alkaloidoneirogen
hemicholinium 3
[no description available]		2.0310morpholines
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.4920bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.0510phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
4-fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol
[no description available]		2.0310
hexamethonium
Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.		3.150quaternary ammonium salt
hexestrol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		2.0510organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		2.9540barbiturates
hexoprenaline
Hexoprenaline: Stimulant of adrenergic beta 2 receptors. It is used as a bronchodilator, antiasthmatic agent, and tocolytic agent.		2.0710
alpha-methylhistamine
alpha-methylhistamine: a histamine H3 receptor agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.		1.9810aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		animal metabolite;
H3-receptor agonist
hexamethylene bisacetamide
N,N'-diacetyl-1,6-diaminohexane: chemical name obtained from Acta Biol Hung 1990;41(1-3):199-208		2.520acetamides
ethidium
Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.		2.7130phenanthridinesfluorochrome;
intercalator
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		2.520thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		5.07130azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		6.85201benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		4.4360benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		6.3741aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxymethyltolbutamide
hydroxymethyltolbutamide: tolbutamide metabolite. 4-hydroxytolbutamide : A urea that consists of 1-butylurea having a 4-hydroxymethylbenzenesulfonyl group attached at the 3-position.		1.9810benzyl alcohols;
sulfonamide;
ureas		metabolite
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		4.7690one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		4.0740hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin
[no description available]		2.0410
mk 473
MK 473: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.6830
ibudilast
[no description available]		2.4120pyrazolopyridine
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		12.2281monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
ic 261
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		4.4160primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		6.31280benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
mephentermine
Mephentermine: A sympathomimetic agent with specificity for alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It is used to maintain BLOOD PRESSURE in hypotensive states such as following SPINAL ANESTHESIA.		1.9510amphetamines
alverine
alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.		2.0510tertiary amineantispasmodic drug
ici 118551
[no description available]		2.0510indanes
idebenone
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil
ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist		2.4520piperidines
ifosfamide
[no description available]		4.5470ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		5.61230dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		5.21150bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		4.86100indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indirubin-3'-monoxime
indirubin-3'-monoxime: has antiangiogenic activity. indirubin-3'-monoxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.		2.4420
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		9.461691aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
indoprofen
Indoprofen: A drug that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Following reports of adverse reactions including reports of carcinogenicity in animal studies it was withdrawn from the market worldwide. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p21). indoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-(1-oxo-1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl)phenyl group. Initially used as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic, it was withdrawn from the market due to causing severe gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been subsequently found to increase production of the survival motor neuron protein.		2.1310gamma-lactam;
isoindoles;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
iodixanol
iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.		2.0210organoiodine compoundradioopaque medium
iodoacetamide
[no description available]		2.3820
iodoquinol
Iodoquinol: One of the halogenated 8-quinolinols widely used as an intestinal antiseptic, especially as an antiamebic agent. It is also used topically in other infections and may cause CNS and eye damage. It is known by very many similar trade names world-wide.. iodoquinol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by iodine. It is considered the drug of choice for treating asymptomatic or moderate forms of amoebiasis.		2.0710monohydroxyquinoline;
organoiodine compound		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiseptic drug
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		2.9640benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iopanoic acid
Iopanoic Acid: Radiopaque medium used as diagnostic aid.		2.0210monocarboxylic acid
iopromide
iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.		2.7330dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
nephrotoxic agent;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		2.0410organic molecular entity
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		2.4620benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
ioversol
[no description available]		3.5620amidobenzoic acid
ipriflavone
ipriflavone : A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.		2.1310aromatic ether;
isoflavones		bone density conservation agent
iproniazid
[no description available]		4.5570carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		5.39100azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		4.83203-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		3.2310benzenes
isoetharine
Isoetharine: Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.		2.0710catecholamine
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		13.56281organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		5.23150carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid: structure in first source		2.4420
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.9540secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		6.9900catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		3.8730alkylbenzene
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		10.3170benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itraconazole
[no description available]		5.68140piperazines
4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline
WHI P131: a quinazoline derivative, inhibitor of glioblastoma cell adhesion and migration		2.0310
jl 18
JL 18: a pyridobenzodiazepine derivative bioisoster of clozapine		2.4420
nsc 664704
kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).		2.4420indolobenzazepine;
lactam;
organobromine compound		cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		5.65140cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		3.6790aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		5.39180dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		5.5200benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		4.84100amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		2.7230cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		2.4920furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		2.9140monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid
2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid: metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist; do not confuse AP-3 used as an abbreviation for this with enhancer-binding protein AP-3 (a trans-activator) or clathrin assembly protein AP-3. 2-amino-3-phosphonopropanoic acid : A non-proteinogenc alpha-amino acid that is alanine in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl group has been replaced by a dihydroxy(oxido)-lambda(5)-phosphanyl group.		2.0310alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
phosphonic acids		human metabolite;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		4.93110benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lamotrigine
[no description available]		5.011201,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		6.06210benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.7430benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		4.7890(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		4.5470nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
tetramisole
6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole : An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.. tetramisole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levamisole and dexamisole.		2.4120imidazothiazoleenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lidoflazine
Lidoflazine: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic action.		2.0610diarylmethane
linopirdine
linopirdine: acetylcholine releasing drug		2.4420indoles
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		2.7330aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		4.0740fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
lomustine
[no description available]		4.0840N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		5.54120monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		5.69140benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		4.3860benzodiazepine
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		6.16160biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		3.8630dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
loxoprofen
loxoprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source. loxoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 4-[(2-oxocyclopentyl)methyl]phenyl group. A prodrug that is rapidly converted into its active trans-alcohol metabolite following oral administration.		2.0310cyclopentanones;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
ly 171883
LY 171883: structure in first source; leukotriene receptor antagonist. tomelukast : A member of the class of acetophenones that is 1-phenylethanone substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group, a propyl group at position 3 and a 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy group at position 4. A leukotriene antagonist, it exhibits anti-asthmatic activity.		2.520acetophenones;
aromatic ether;
phenols;
tetrazoles		anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		3.1350chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.		3.2460aminoquinoline;
aromatic amine;
p-quinones;
quinolone		antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
mabuterol
mabuterol: structure given in first source		210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.0510diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source		2.0510isopropyl ester
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		4.83100anthracenes
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		2.0510organic molecular entity
edaravone
[no description available]		2.1310pyrazoloneantioxidant;
radical scavenger
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		4.7590aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		3.8330primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.5820nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
meclizine
Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.		3.8630diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid
Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		5.11140aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenamate sodium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.4720organic sodium salt
meclofenoxate
Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		5.2990aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride
[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.		2.4420organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinolines;
secondary alcohol
memantine
[no description available]		10.8161adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.49201,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mepenzolate
mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310diarylmethane
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		4.6580ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenesin
Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.		2.0710aromatic ether;
glycerol ether
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		4.5270imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		4.9360piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		4.0740organic molecular entity
benzoic acid [2-methyl-2-(propylamino)propyl] ester
[no description available]		2.0710benzoate ester
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		4.5370amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		3.5920phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		4.2450aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		23.45484157guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methacrylic acid
methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.		2.4620alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		4.84100benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		2.7530ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		3.8530sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methiothepin
Methiothepin: A serotonin receptor antagonist in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM used as an antipsychotic.. methiothepin : A dibenzothiepine that is 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepine bearing additional methylthio and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 8 and 10 respectively. Potent 5-HT2 antagonist, also active as 5-HT1 antagonist. Differentiates 5-HT1D sub-types. Also displays affinity for rodent 5-HT5B, 5-HT5A, 5-HT7 and 5-HT6 receptors (pK1 values are 6.6, 7.0, 8.4 and 8.7 respectively).		2.9540aryl sulfide;
dibenzothiepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
tertiary amino compound		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		3.930aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methoctramine
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic ether;
tetramine		muscarinic antagonist
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		4.0740aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		2.4520ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		3.5820benzothiadiazine
nocodazole
[no description available]		2.7130aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.4520benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine
[no description available]		2.0310benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		4.2550beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
methyprylon
methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94		2.0510organic molecular entity
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		5.21150benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		4.85100organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		5.43190aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		4.94110C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		3.8730aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		5.2150aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		3.1450dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		3.6590dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		5.22150imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		3.5620amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone
[no description available]		5.06130bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		7.63451dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		4.7590benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		4.0840diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		5.61130dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
ml 7
ML-7 : An N-sulfonyldiazepane resullting from the formal condensation of 5-iodo-1-naphthylsulfonic acid with one of the nitrogens of 1,4-diazepane. It is a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18).		2.4420N-sulfonyldiazepane;
organoiodine compound		EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor
ml 9
[no description available]		2.0510naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		3.85110benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		3.8630monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
molsidomine
Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.		4.35200ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
moxisylyte
Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)		3.5920monoterpenoid
muscimol
Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.		1.9810alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug
myristicin
myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin;		2.0610organic molecular entitymetabolite
1,3-dicyclohexylurea
1,3-dicyclohexylurea: degradation product of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3- cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea; structure		2.0710ureas
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.		2.0510benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic
n-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide
N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; structure given in first source. N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is 5-chloronaphthalene-2-sulfonamide in which one of the hydrogens of the nitrogen atom is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.		2.0310naphthalenes;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
sulfonamide
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		3.4570acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
n-bromoacetamide
[no description available]		2.0310
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		3.5280maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
fg 7142
FG 7142: benzodiazepine receptor agonist		2.4420beta-carbolines
clorgyline
Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.		2.4520aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
fenamic acid
fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		4.36200aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		membrane transport modulator
apnea
Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		2.1510purine nucleoside
n 0840
N(6)-cyclopentyl-9-methyladenine: selective, orally active A(1) adenosine receptor antagonist		2.4420
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		4.2450methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		4.350tetralins
nafronyl
Nafronyl: A drug used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. It is claimed to enhance cellular oxidative capacity and to be a spasmolytic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1310) It may also be an antagonist at 5HT-2 serotonin receptors.		2.0710naphthalenes
naftopidil
[no description available]		2.0710piperazines
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		4.28501,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
naphazoline
Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.		2.4120naphthalenes
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		4.2550heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		5.69140aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		2.9740benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.7630quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		5.09130cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		4.3760organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		6.62270benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niceritrol
Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.		2.0510organic molecular entity
niclosamide
Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.		2.4420benzamides;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
salicylanilides;
secondary carboxamide		anthelminthic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
molluscicide;
piscicide;
STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		8.79871C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		4.04140aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nilutamide
[no description available]		4.0640(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine
[no description available]		2.4320dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester;
nitrile
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		4.4260aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		7.862312-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nipecotic acid
nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.		2.4520beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		5.01120C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nisoxetine
nisoxetine: potent inhibitor for norepinephrine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes & brain; NM refers to (+-)-isomer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nisoxetine : A secondary amino compound that is N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine substituted at position 3 by a 2-methoxyphenoxy group.		1.9910aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		3.66901,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		5.44190C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		7.52410nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nitromide
nitromide: antibacterial agent for prevention & treatment of Salmonella pullorum infections in chickens & turkeys & for fowl typhoid & paratyphoid; used in feed; structure		2.0710
nizatidine
[no description available]		4.841001,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
no 711
[no description available]		2.0810diarylmethane
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		4.4260isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol
nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)		2.9540catechols;
lignan;
tetrol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		4.6680fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cm 7116
norflutoprazepam: structure		2.1310benzodiazepine
norfluoxetine
norfluoxetine: metabolite of fluoxetine; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0610(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		4.7590organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
6,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxy-6-methyl-7,8-dihydro-5H-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolin-5-yl)-3H-isobenzofuran-1-one
[no description available]		2.0710isoquinolines
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid
5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid: structure given in first source; chloride channel antagonist		4.84330nitrobenzoic acid
ns 2028
NS 2028: structure in first source		2.4420
ns 1619
NS 1619: structure given in first source. NS 1619 : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced are replaced by 2-hydroxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and trifluoromethyl groups, respectively. It is an opener/activator of the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (Bkca).		4.31190(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
benzimidazoles;
phenols		potassium channel opener
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide
N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.		2.4420aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
nylidrin
Nylidrin: A beta-adrenergic agonist. Nylidrin causes peripheral vasodilation, a positive inotropic effect, and increased gastric volume of gastric juice. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disorders and premature labor.		2.4620alkylbenzene
o(6)-benzylguanine
O(6)-benzylguanine: a suicide inhibitor of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase activity		2.0310
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		5.231503-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
olomoucine
olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.		2.44202,6-diaminopurines;
ethanolamines		EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
olprinone
olprinone: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		210bipyridines
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		5.85170aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		5.34170carbazoles
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		4.2650ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
oxamniquine
Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.		2.0510aromatic primary alcohol;
C-nitro compound;
quinolines;
secondary amino compound
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.75901,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxatomide
oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.		2.7430benzimidazoles;
diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		4.75901,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.4720amino acid amide
oxibendazole
oxibendazole: structure		2.0710benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		2.9240benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
oxiracetam
oxiracetam: structure in first source		2.7330organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
oxolinic acid
quinolone antibiotic : An organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic whose structure contains a quinolone or quinolone-related skeleton.		2.0310aromatic carboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
enzyme inhibitor
oxotremorine
Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.		2.9140N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		3.5480aromatic ether
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		2.0510hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
benoxinate
benoxinate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. oxybuprocaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.		2.0710amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
topical anaesthetic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		4.5370acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxymetazoline
Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.		2.4120carboxamidine;
imidazolines;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
nasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.4320phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		3.8930aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
quinone
benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).		2.03101,4-benzoquinonescofactor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		2.0310phenylalanine derivative
palmidrol
palmidrol: a cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. palmitoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.		2.7430endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-(saturated fatty acyl)ethanolamine		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticonvulsant;
antihypertensive agent;
neuroprotective agent
pamidronate
[no description available]		3.8430phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		5.1880aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		5.47200benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene
dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.		2.0410dichlorobenzeneinsecticide
1,7-dimethylxanthine
1,7-dimethylxanthine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 1 and 7. It is a metabolite of caffeine and theobromine in animals.		2.0310dimethylxanthinecentral nervous system stimulant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		3.2360aromatic amine
pd 169316
2-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-imidazole: p38 MAP kinase inhibitor		2.0510imidazoles
pd 98059
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.		4.0650aromatic amine;
monomethoxyflavone		EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		4.08401,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		4.7590aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		5.34100barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		4.85100oxopurine
perazine
Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.		2.0510N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		4.2550piperidinescardiovascular drug
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		5.09130N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacemide
phenacemide: anti-epileptic drug; structure		2.4620acetamides
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		3.72100acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.4320diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
phenindione
Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)		2.1310aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		5.31170barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.		2.9440phenols
phenolsulfonphthalein
Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.		2.17102,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
phenols;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
diagnostic agent;
two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		4.4770aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		3.5820primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		3.6320monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
oxophenylarsine
oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine.		2.4120arsine oxidesantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
phenyl biguanide
phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.7330guanidinescentral nervous system drug
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		5.84180pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.		210acyl fluorideserine proteinase inhibitor
phloretin
[no description available]		3.2960dihydrochalconesantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		3.360organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
1,3a,8-Trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-5-yl methylcarbamate
[no description available]		2.0710pyrroloindole
picotamide
picotamide: has anticoagulant & fibrinolytic properties; structure		2.7430benzamides
pilsicainide
pilsicainide: structure given in first source. pilsicainide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.		4.2250organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
pimobendan
pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source		2.4120benzimidazoles;
pyridazinone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
pinacidil
Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)		10.973123pyridines
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		5.67140indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		14.116524aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pipemidic acid
Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.		2.4920amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridopyrimidine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid: specific GABA agonist		2.0310
pipobroman
Pipobroman: An antineoplastic agent that acts by alkylation.. pipobroman : An N-acylpiperazine that is piperazine in which each of the nitrogens has been acylated by a 3-bromopropionoyl group. An anti-cancer drug.		2.0410N-acylpiperazine;
organobromine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		2.9940organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pirbuterol
pirbuterol: structure		2.4420pyridines
pirenperone
[no description available]		2.7530aromatic ketone
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		3.1150pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
piretanide
piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure		2.7430aromatic ether
piribedil
Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.		2.0810N-arylpiperazine
polythiazide
[no description available]		3.5820benzothiadiazine
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		6.051140inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
4-aminobenzoic acid
para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.		3.3110aminobenzoate;
aromatic amino-acid anion		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.		2.7230arenesulfonic acid;
azobenzenes;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
organic phosphate;
pyridinecarbaldehyde		purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.2760acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote
duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents		3.620pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
pramoxine
pramoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pramocaine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 3-(4-butoxyphenoxy)propyl group.		2.0410aromatic ether;
morpholines		local anaesthetic
ono 1078
pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.4120chromones
pyranoprofen
pyranoprofen: RN given refers to unlabled parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0810pyridochromene
prazepam
Prazepam: A benzodiazepine that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		2.0210benzodiazepine
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		4.94110isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		10.83290aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
prilocaine
Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.7330amino acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticonvulsant;
local anaesthetic
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		4.6580aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		4.85100pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
proadifen
Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.		2.4220diarylmethane
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		6.75240benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		3.360dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		5.84170benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		2.9340benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		4.0640benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
procaterol
Procaterol: A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist.		2.0210quinolines
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		4.95110N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		4.460pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
proglumide
Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.		2.0310benzamides;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
glutamine derivative;
racemate		anti-ulcer drug;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
cholinergic antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
drug metabolite;
gastrointestinal drug;
opioid analgesic;
xenobiotic metabolite
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		2.9540phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		4.7690phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		5.01120aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		3.2310xanthenes
propentofylline
[no description available]		2.4420oxopurine
propidium
Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.		2.0210phenanthridines;
quaternary ammonium ion		fluorochrome;
intercalator
propiverine
propiverine: anticholinergic used for overactive bladder syndrome		2.4620diarylmethane
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		5.37180phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		7.1650naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
protriptyline
Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.		4.3960carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant
proxyphylline
[no description available]		2.1310oxopurine
pyridinolcarbamate
Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)		7.3920pyridines
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		4.0840pyridinium ion
pyrilamine
Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.		2.9740aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative		H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		4.2750aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sch 16134
quazepam: structure given in first source		3.5620benzodiazepine
quetiapine
[no description available]		3.5920dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		4.7950benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene
raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.		3.83301-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols		bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine
[no description available]		5.15140aralkylamine
opc 12759
rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase		2.0510secondary carboxamide
resorcinol
resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.		2.0410benzenediol;
phenolic donor;
resorcinols		erythropoietin inhibitor;
sensitiser
pf 5901
alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist		2.7530quinolines
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		5.67140benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		3.5620alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		5.542101,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin
Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.		2.9740organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
thiazolopyrimidine		antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		4.0740tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
ro 41-1049
[no description available]		2.0810
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone
4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.		2.0310methoxybenzenes
rofecoxib
[no description available]		3.1650butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram
[no description available]		3.4170pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ronidazole
Ronidazole: Antiprotozoal and antimicrobial agent used mainly in veterinary practice.. ronidazole : A carbamate ester that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by methyl and (carbamoyloxy)methyl groups, respectively. An antiprotozoal agent, it is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of histomoniasis and swine dysentery.		2.1310C-nitro compound;
carbamate ester;
imidazoles		antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
ropinirole
[no description available]		3.5720indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
roxarsone
Roxarsone: An arsenic derivative which has anticoccidial action and promotes growth in animals.. roxarsone : An organoarsonic acid where the organyl group is 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl.		2.07102-nitrophenols;
organoarsonic acid		agrochemical;
animal growth promotant;
antibacterial drug;
coccidiostat
4-bromotetramisole
4-bromotetramisole: available in levo & dextro form; L-form potent inhibitor of non specific alkaline phosphatase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		210
s-methylisothiopseudouronium
S-methylisothiopseudouronium: inhibits nitric oxide synthase; structure in first source		2.4620
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		2.45201,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source		2.7730phenols;
salicylamides		antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
salmeterol xinafoate
salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.		2.7330ether;
phenols;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
sanguinarine
benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.		2.0710alkaloid antibiotic;
benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent
sarpogrelate
sarpogrelate: structure given in first source		2.4820hemisuccinate;
stilbenoid
salicylsalicylic acid
salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.		3.620benzoate ester;
benzoic acids;
phenols;
salicylates		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
sb 202190
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole: structure given in first source; inhibits p38 MAP kinase		2.4420imidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
phenols;
pyridines		apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
secobarbital
Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.		3.2310barbituratesanaesthesia adjuvant;
GABA modulator;
sedative
carbamylhydrazine
carbamylhydrazine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810carbohydrazide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound;
ureas
semustine
Semustine: 4-Methyl derivative of LOMUSTINE; (CCNU). An antineoplastic agent which functions as an alkylating agent.. semustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-methylcyclohexyl group.		2.0410N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		4.27180ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		5.2331organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		5.14140pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
linsidomine
linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		4.35200morpholines
sk&f 97541
3-aminopropyl(methyl)phosphinic acid: structure given in first source; GABA-A receptor antagonist		2.0210
sobuzoxane
sobuzoxane: used in treatment of leukemia L1210		2.0310organic molecular entity
sodium fluoride
[no description available]		2.0210fluoride saltmutagen
iodoacetic acid
Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.		3.2460haloacetic acid;
organoiodine compound		alkylating agent
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		4.0840pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		10.38180ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt
sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.		2.0510organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		2.9640aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
aldactazide
[no description available]		2.1310steroid lactone
spiroxatrine
spiroxatrine: structure		2.4420imidazolidines
sq 22536
9-(tetrahydrofuryl)adenine : A nucleoside analogue that is adenine in which the nitrogen at position 9 has been substituted by a tetrahydrofuran-2-yl group. It is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor.		2.0310nucleoside analogue;
oxolanes		EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
stearic acid
octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.		2.9840long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
imatinib
[no description available]		5.6390aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
streptonigrin
[no description available]		2.4820pyridines;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		4.0840dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		3.5120quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
succinylsulfathiazole
succinylsulfathiazole: intestinal antimicrobial agent; structure		2.07101,3-thiazoles
sulconazole
sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.4220dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
organic sulfide
sulfabenzamide
sulfabenzamide : A sulfonamide containing a benzamido substituent on nitrogen. An antibacterial/antimicrobial, it is often used in conjunction with sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide as a topical, intravaginal antibacterial preparation.		2.1310benzenes;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial drug
sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.		2.7730N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		2.7730aromatic ether;
pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfaguanidine
Sulfaguanidine: A sulfanilamide antimicrobial agent that is used to treat enteric infections.. sulfaguanidine : A sulfonamide incorporating a guanidine moiety used to block the synthesis of folic acid; mostly used in veterinary medicine		2.0410sulfonamide antibioticantiinfective agent
sulfamerazine
[no description available]		2.7730pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
sulfameter
Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
leprostatic drug;
renal agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.9840pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		9.4360sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		3.83110isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine
Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		2.4820pyridazines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		2.4520substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfanitran
[no description available]		2.4620sulfonamide
sulfaphenazole
Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.		3.3770primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.4520pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		5.68140
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		3.58201,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		5.12101pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisomidine
Sulfisomidine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfisomidine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		1.9510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		3.74100isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		2.39202-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
sulfoxone
sulfoxone: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410sulfonamide
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		3.5920alkylbenzene
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		3.83110benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sultopride
[no description available]		2.0510salicylamides
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		5.11130sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		3.1450aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		4.36200naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
t0156
[no description available]		2.7430naphthyridine derivative
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		8.83110N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tazarotene
tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin.		2.4520acetylenic compound;
ethyl ester;
pyridines;
retinoid;
thiochromane		keratolytic drug;
prodrug;
teratogenic agent
1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene
1,4-bis(2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy))benzene: potent phenobarbital-like inducer of microsomal monooxygenase activity; structure given in first source		2.0310
tegafur
[no description available]		2.9440organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
telenzepine
telenzepine: structure given in first source		2.4620benzodiazepine
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		4.0540benzodiazepine
temozolomide
[no description available]		4.2750imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		5.09130furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		5.14140phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		4.25170diarylmethane
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		4.790benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		10.632262quaternary ammonium ion
tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide
Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide: N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraisopropylpyrophosphamide. A specific inhibitor of pseudocholinesterases. It is commonly used experimentally to determine whether pseudo- or acetylcholinesterases are involved in an enzymatic process.		2.4420phosphoramide
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone
tetrahydroxy-1,4-quinone: structure. tetrahydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone : A hydroxybenzoquinone in which all four protons of the benzoquinone structure are substituted by hydroxy groups. A systemic keratolytic, it is normally supplied as its hydrate (CHEBI:137471).		2.0710hydroxybenzoquinonekeratolytic drug
3-hydroxyaspartic acid
3-hydroxyaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyaspartic acid : A hydroxy-amino acid that is aspartic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.0110amino dicarboxylic acid;
aspartic acid derivative;
C4-dicarboxylic acid;
hydroxy-amino acid
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		4.460phthalimides;
piperidones
theobromine
Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.		3.0950dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
bronchodilator agent;
food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		4.27501,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
2,4-thiazolidinedione
thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.		8.0685thiazolidenedione
2-thiosalicylic acid
2-thiosalicylic acid: a degradation product of thimerosal; RN given refers to parent cpd. thiosalicylic acid : A sulfanylbenzoic acid that is the 2-sulfanyl derivative of benzoic acid.		2.0710sulfanylbenzoic acidantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic
2,2'-thiodiethanol
2,2'-thiodiethanol: product of yperite hydrolysis; a hydrolysis product opf mustard gas; strongly stimulates differentiation of chick embryo myogenic cells. thiodiglycol : A diol that is pentane-1,5-diol in which the methylene group at position 3 is replaced by a sulfur atom		2.0410aliphatic sulfide;
diol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite;
solvent
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		5.45110phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		4.7690aziridines
tiapride
[no description available]		2.0810benzamides
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		4.4160monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilisolol
[no description available]		2.3920isoquinolines
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		2.4720aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		4.7790imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tioconazole
tioconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tioconazole.. 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2.		2.0210dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
thiophenes
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		4.2550N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		4.7590benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate
8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.6930trihydroxybenzoic acid
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.0810pyridinecarboxamide
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		12.95271N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolazoline
Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.		2.0710imidazolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		17.6742118N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolmetin
Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.		5.4141aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate
[no description available]		2.7830monothiocarbamic esterantifungal drug
tolperisone
Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)		2.0510aromatic ketone
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.0310
ici 136,753
[no description available]		2.4420pyrazolopyridine
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		5.01120aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		4.0840amino acid
trapidil
Trapidil: A coronary vasodilator agent.		2.7730triazolopyrimidines
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		4.85100monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		5.02120pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		4.7590triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
trichlormethiazide
Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.		2.4820benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide antibiotic		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine
2,2',2''-trichlorotriethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
triclosan
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trientine
Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens.		2.0210polyazaalkane;
tetramine		copper chelator
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		4.4970N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trifluperidol
Trifluperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES including MANIA and SCHIZOPHRENIA. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p621)		2.0710aromatic ketone
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		2.7330organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trigonelline
trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.1310alkaloid;
iminium betaine		food component;
human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		3.5820amine
trimebutine
Trimebutine: Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.		2.0710trihydroxybenzoic acid
trimeprazine
Trimeprazine: A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.		2.0710phenothiazines
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		4.0640oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		3.2310benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		5.59220aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		4.2450
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		4.460dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trioxsalen
Trioxsalen: Pigmenting photosensitizing agent obtained from several plants, mainly Psoralea corylifolia. It is administered either topically or orally in conjunction with ultraviolet light in the treatment of vitiligo.. lactone : Any cyclic carboxylic ester containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or an analogue having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.. antipsoriatic : A drug used to treat psoriasis.. trioxsalen : 7H-Furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which positions 2, 5, and 9 are substituted by methyl groups. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo. After photoactivation it creates interstrand cross-links in DNA, inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell division, and can lead to cell injury; recovery from the cell injury may be followed by increased melanisation of the epidermis.		2.0710psoralensdermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent
tripelennamine
Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.		2.0110aromatic amine
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		10.94338chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tropicamide
Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.		2.4620acetamides
thenoyltrifluoroacetone
Thenoyltrifluoroacetone: Chelating agent and inhibitor of cellular respiration.		2.0810
tulobuterol
[no description available]		2.0710organochlorine compound
tyramine
[no description available]		3.8530monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
tyrphostin a9
[no description available]		2.4420alkylbenzenegeroprotector
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		5.1150aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
undecylenic acid
undecylenic acid: a fatty acid with a terminal double bond. 10-undecenoic acid : An undecenoic acid having its double bond in the 10-position. It is derived from castor oil and is used for the treatment of skin problems.. undecenoic acid : A C11, straight-chain fatty acid carrying a C=C double bond at any position.		2.0810undecenoic acidantifungal drug;
plant metabolite
urapidil
[no description available]		3.4370piperazines
urethane
[no description available]		2.7130carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		5.02120cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesamicol
vesamicol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4820piperidines
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.4620organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		4.2650gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine
Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.		2.4520aromatic ether
w 7
W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist		3.4920
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.4720aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine
8-(4-((2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylmethyloxy)phenyl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine: adenosine receptor antagonist		2.7230
xylazine
Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.		3.27601,3-thiazine;
methylbenzene;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
emetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
xylometazoline
xylometazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710alkylbenzene
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole
3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole: antineoplastic; activates platelet guanylate cyclase; a radiosensitizing agent and guanylate cyclase activator; structure in first source. lificiguat : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole which is substituted by a benzyl group at position 1 and a 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furyl group at position 3. It is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits platelet aggregation.		2.7230aromatic primary alcohol;
furans;
indazoles		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.2650carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		4.4160nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zardaverine
zardaverine: structure given in first source. zardaverine : A pyridazinone derivative in which pyridazin-3(2H)-one is substituted at C-6 with a 4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl group. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, selective for PDE3 and 4.		2.0310organofluorine compound;
pyridazinone		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
peripheral nervous system drug
zinc chloride
zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.		2.0310inorganic chloride;
zinc molecular entity		astringent;
disinfectant;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
Lewis acid
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		4.5370imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zomepirac
zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0210aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrroles		cardiovascular drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		3.87301,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		3.1650monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
guanidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510one-carbon compound;
organic chloride salt		protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate
hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.4920cortisol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate
Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.		3.8530corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		3.8230mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium bromide
[no description available]		2.1310
corticosterone
[no description available]		3.558011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		5.3317011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		2.472016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		6.06150alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		2.4520beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		6.12410imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		4.0440glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
alloxan
Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.		5.43580pyrimidonehyperglycemic agent;
metabolite
thymidine
[no description available]		3.2660pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.9740nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.4720benzodioxolespesticide synergist
procaine hydrochloride
Gerovital H3: Contains mainly procaine & small amounts of benzoic acid, potassium metabisulfite & disodium phosphate		2.0310organic molecular entity
triethylenemelamine
Triethylenemelamine: Toxic alkylating agent used in industry; also as antineoplastic and research tool to produce chromosome aberrations and cancers.		2.04101,3,5-triazinesalkylating agent;
insect sterilant
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.0510nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.		2.0510
isoproterenol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420catechols
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		1.95104-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
histamine dihydrochloride
Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.		2.4520
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		5.161502-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dibenzylchlorethamine
Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.		1.9910
neostigmine methylsulfate
[no description available]		2.1310arylammonium sulfate saltEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		4.06401-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		6.06460ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate
norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.		2.05103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		5.011203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
prednisolone acetate
prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
cyclobarbital
cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative		2.0510barbiturates
aldosterone
[no description available]		2.452011beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allobarbital
allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects		2.4520barbiturates
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		5.37180non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.4920organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
cysteine
[no description available]		3.2310cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		5.2215011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		5.3710017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
paramethasone
Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)		2.0410fluorinated steroid
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		3.592017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
androsterone
[no description available]		2.753017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid		androgen;
anticonvulsant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		2.051017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
promazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride
nad
[no description available]		2.0510NADgeroprotector
dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole
Dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole: An RNA polymerase II transcriptional inhibitor. This compound terminates transcription prematurely by selective inhibition of RNA synthesis. It is used in research to study underlying mechanisms of cellular regulation.		2.420
azauridine
Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.		2.4820N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazineantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		4.94110penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
idoxuridine
[no description available]		2.0410organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol
Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.		2.0710phenylethanolaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine hydrochloride
pilocarpine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of (+)-pilocarpine, a medication used to treat increased pressure inside the eye and dry mouth.		2.4720hydrochloride
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		4.5470pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.		2.7530N-arylpiperazine;
organic iodide salt;
piperazinium salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		3.4670organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
amifampridine
Amifampridine: 4-Aminopyridine derivative that acts as a POTASSIUM CHANNEL blocker to increase release of ACETYLCHOLINE from nerve terminals. It is used in the treatment of CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES.		3.3770aminopyridine
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		4.911102-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		2.2510nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
racepinephrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride: A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes.		2.4420
hexamethonium bromide
[no description available]		2.0310
biguanides
Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.		10.3374guanidines
cystamine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		3.0140chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
cantharidin
Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.		2.4420cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
monoterpenoid		EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
herbicide
tetraethylammonium chloride
tetraethylammonium chloride : A quarternary ammonium chloride salt in which the cation has four ethyl substituents around the central nitrogen.		2.4420organic chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		potassium channel blocker
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		5.14180alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2.9640L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone acetate
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate: The 21-acetate derivative of desoxycorticosterone.		2.6320corticosteroid hormone
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide
4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.		2.1310C-nitro compound;
quinoline N-oxide		carcinogenic agent
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		5.84170C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		3.3770aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		5.5480amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		4.9791aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzyltrimethylammonium chloride
[no description available]		2.1310
allyl isothiocyanate
allyl isothiocyanate: used in the manufacture of flavors, war gases; medical use as a counterirritant; structure. allyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate with the formula CH2=CHCH2N=C=S. A colorless oil with boiling point 152degreeC, it is responsible for the pungent taste of mustard, horseradish, and wasabi.		2.1710alkenyl isothiocyanate;
isothiocyanate		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
lachrymator;
metabolite
cetrimonium bromide
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.		2.0510organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		detergent;
surfactant
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		3.6190pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
chlorobutanol
[no description available]		2.0610tertiary alcohol
vincristine
[no description available]		4.6580acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		4.7790carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		4.12160glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		3.669017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
testosterone propionate
Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.		2.4420steroid ester
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		2.9140bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		4.93110aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		2.6730pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		3.592017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
dromostanolone
dromostanolone: synthetic anabolic androgenic steroid used to lower plasma cholesterol & as antineoplastic agent in advanced breast neoplasms; major descriptor (66-86); on-line search ANDROSTANOLS (80-86); ANDROSTANES (68-86); INDEX MEDICUS search DROMOSTANOLONE (66-86); RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
promethazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideanti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		3.5920benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		9.41672adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		2.7430azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.		2.3920tetrachlorophenolxenobiotic metabolite
uridine
[no description available]		2.4920uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine diphosphate
Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		3.78110pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		4.2650kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
ethopabate
Ethopabate: An inhibitor of folate metabolism. It is used as a coccidiostat in poultry.		2.0710amidobenzoic acid
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		2.9540pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		3.0650D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		3.2460monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		5.65750phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
thiamine
[no description available]		2.0410organic chloride salt;
vitamin B1
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		3.5580amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
tolazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310benzenes
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		3.2310ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		2.4720benzenes;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
fragrance;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		6.2672amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		4.250amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride
acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.		3.6320quaternary ammonium salt
phlorhizin
[no description available]		2.8940aryl beta-D-glucoside;
dihydrochalcones;
monosaccharide derivative		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
mepazine
mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.		3.2310phenothiazines
acepromazine
Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.		2.0710aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530dimethoxybenzene
methoxamine
Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .		3.470amphetaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		3.7100adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
papaverine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.9940penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
niridazole
Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		4.5470penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		5.31540organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
bretylium tosylate
Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.		3.1550organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
zoxazolamine
Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.		2.7230benzoxazole
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		10.77350amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berlition
berlition: antioxidant preparation containing alpha-lipoic acid, used in the neuroprotective therapy of chronic brain ischemia for correction of free-radical processes. (R)-lipoic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of lipoic acid. A vitamin-like, C8 thia fatty acid with anti-oxidant properties.. lipoic acid : A heterocyclic thia fatty acid comprising pentanoic acid with a 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl group at the 5-position.		2.4620dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
lipoic acid;
thia fatty acid		cofactor;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group
methacholine chloride
Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)		3.6290quaternary ammonium salt
aniline
[no description available]		2.0410anilines;
primary arylamine
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.		3.2310calcium saltchelator
androstenedione
Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.		2.974017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.0510carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
uridine triphosphate
Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		3.95130pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		3.470lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		4.0740aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		12.895013amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		3.417020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		5.36180alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
yohimbine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
gallamine triethiodide
Gallamine Triethiodide: A synthetic nondepolarizing blocking drug. The actions of gallamine triethiodide are similar to those of TUBOCURARINE, but this agent blocks the cardiac vagus and may cause sinus tachycardia and, occasionally, hypertension and increased cardiac output. It should be used cautiously in patients at risk from increased heart rate but may be preferred for patients with bradycardia. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p198)		2.4120
cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		1.9910cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
mebanazine
mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310benzenes
strophanthidin
Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin.		21014beta-hydroxy steroid;
19-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
cardenolides;
steroid aldehyde
uracil mustard
Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage.		2.0410aminouracil;
nitrogen mustard
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		4.2450penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		3.7100antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		4.48230diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		2.9640chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.482011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
triamcinolone diacetate
triamcinolone diacetate: lysyl oxidase antagonist; Polcortolon may also refers to triamcinolone		2.0810corticosteroid hormone
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		3.145017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel
Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.		2.4920oxo steroid
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		4.26504-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
triaziquone
Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
benziodarone
benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)		3.5920aromatic ketone
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.		2.753017alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
progestin
quinacrine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
chlorpromazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
tubercidin
Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.		1.9910antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.7790beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		6.81191mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4720
cytarabine
[no description available]		4.2550beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid
Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.		2.420nitrobenzoic acid;
organic disulfide		indicator
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.9740nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		2.4720non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene
Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.		2.3820C-nitro compound;
organofluorine compound		agrochemical;
allergen;
chromatographic reagent;
EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor;
protein-sequencing agent;
spectrophotometric reagent
2-thiomalic acid
[no description available]		2.4420C4-dicarboxylic acid
4-hydroxypropiophenone
[no description available]		2.1310acetophenones
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		2.4320amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		2.984020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
veratridine
[no description available]		2.0510steroidsodium channel modulator
sulfobromophthalein sodium
bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.		4.0640organic sodium saltdye
isopropamide iodide
isopropamide iodide: was heading 1965-94; use AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS to search ISOPROPAMIDE IODIDE 1966-94		2.1310diarylmethane
valine
Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.		2.4120L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid;
valine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		1.9810amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol
[no description available]		2.753017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methaqualone
Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.		2.0510quinazolinesGABA agonist;
sedative
trypan blue
VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.		2.0510
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.05103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		3.2960erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lidocaine hydrochloride
lidocaine hydrochloride : The anhydrous form of the hydrochloride salt of lidocaine.		2.7530hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		16.741446arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
methylamine
methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom.		2.0410methylamines;
one-carbon compound;
primary aliphatic amine		mouse metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.4620aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride
Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.		2.0310chloromethanes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
polar aprotic solvent;
refrigerant
tetramethylammonium
tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.		2.420quaternary ammonium ion
tert-butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		2.4720tertiary alcoholhuman xenobiotic metabolite
dalapon
dalapon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410carboxylic acid;
organohalogen compound
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		2.420monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
perflutren
Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.2310fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		2.994011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
mepenzolate bromide
[no description available]		2.4620diarylmethane
allylpropymal
allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.		2.0510barbiturates
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		2.9640benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
butobarbital
butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)		2.0510barbiturates
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.2310organic molecular entity
methylpentynol
methylpentynol: structure		2.0410ynone
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		4.0840primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
quinic acid
(-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.		2.4110
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.0510chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		2.0410monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
pantothenic acid
Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration.		2.0710pantothenic acid;
vitamin B5		antidote to curare poisoning;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		2.0810bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
sulfachlorpyridazine
Sulfachlorpyridazine: A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.. sulfachloropyridazine : A sulfonamide antimicrobial used for urinary tract infections and in veterinary medicine.		2.0710organochlorine compound;
pyridazines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
methylmethacrylate
Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.		2.0110enoate ester;
methyl ester		allergen;
polymerisation monomer
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		2.492012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		4.91110amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid
bis(p-chlorophenyl)acetic acid: a metabolite of DDT; RN given refers to parent cpd.. bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid : A organochlorine compound comprising acetic acid having two 4-chlorophenyl substituents attached at the 2-position.		2.0310monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		5.221506-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		4.12150organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
9,10-phenanthrenequinone
9,10-phenanthrenequinone: structure		2.1310phenanthrenes
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.8830organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
phensuximide
phensuximide: major descriptor (73-84); on-line search SUCCINIMIDES (73-84); Index Medicus search PHENSUXIMIDE (73-84); RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0710pyrrolidines
propoxycaine
Propoxycaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017)		1.9510benzoate ester
dimethisoquin
[no description available]		2.0710isoquinolines
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		4.5370penicillin allergen;
penicillin
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		4.0740glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
xylitol
xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.		2.8740
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		3.4670pyrrolidin-2-ones
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		3.8530phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylpropion
Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
tertiary amine		appetite depressant
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		5.3520mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline
[no description available]		2.1510azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinolines
isatin
tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;		2.0610indoledioneEC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		2.9240xanthene
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		2.1310phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
mecoprop
mecoprop: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.. mecoprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop.		2.1310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes
fenoprop
fenoprop: RN given is for parent cpd; structure		2.0410monocarboxylic acidphenoxy herbicide
synephrine
[no description available]		2.7430ethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		2.0510carbonyl compound
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		2.4820chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
4-butyrolactone
4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.1710butan-4-olidemetabolite;
neurotoxin
ethylene dimethacrylate
ethylene glycol dimethacrylate : The enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.1510enoate esterallergen;
cross-linking reagent;
polymerisation monomer
arsanilic acid
Arsanilic Acid: An arsenical which has been used as a feed additive for enteric conditions in pigs and poultry. It causes blindness and is ototoxic and nephrotoxic in animals.		2.1310organoarsonic acid
acetophenone
acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.		2.0310acetophenonesanimal metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
3-aminobenzoic acid
3-aminobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid carrying an amino group at position 3.		2.1310aminobenzoic acid
methyl gallate
methyl gallate: has both immunosuppressive and phytogenic antineoplastic activities; isolated from Acer saccharinum. methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with methanol. It exhibits anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.		210gallate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
dicloran
2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline : A nitroaniline that is 4-nitroaniline in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 6 are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide, it is not approved for use in the European Union.		2.0410aromatic fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
nitroaniline		antifungal agrochemical
4-cymene
4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.		2.1110monoterpene;
toluenes		human urinary metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
terephthalic acid
terephthalic acid: RN given refers to 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid. terephthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids.		2.0210benzenedicarboxylic acid
4-vinylpyridine
4-vinylpyridine: reagent for blocking cysteine function in proteins; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0810
phenylhydrazine
[no description available]		2.0410phenylhydrazinesxenobiotic
dyrene
dyrene: structure. anilazine : A member of the class of triazenes that is dichlorotriazene in which the hydrogen is replaced by an o-chloroanilino group. A fungicide formerly used to control leaf spots and downy mildew, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.		2.0410monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine pesticide;
secondary amino compound;
triazines		antifungal agrochemical
pyridostigmine bromide
Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.		2.7630pyridinium salt
triethanolamine
triethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. triethanolamine : A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0110amino alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
triol		buffer;
surfactant
benzonatate
benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.		3.620benzoate ester;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anaesthetic;
antitussive
citronellal
citronellal: aldehyde of citronellol; found in citronella oil. citronellal : A monoterpenoid, the main component of citronella oil which gives it its distinctive lemon aroma.		2.0810aldehyde;
monoterpenoid		antifungal agent;
metabolite
dimethyl succinate
dimethyl succinate: potent insulin secretagogue		3.4920fatty acid methyl ester
acrolein
[no description available]		2.4920enalherbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
toxin
glyoxal
[no description available]		2.4420dialdehydeagrochemical;
allergen;
pesticide;
plant growth regulator
isethionic acid
Isethionic Acid: A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.. isethionic acid : An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0110alkanesulfonic acidhuman metabolite
2-methylpentane
Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.		2.7530alkane
deanol
Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.		2.0110ethanolamines;
tertiary amine		curing agent;
radical scavenger
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		1.9710cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate
[no description available]		2.4420
diethylamine
[no description available]		2.0710secondary aliphatic amine
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		10.453181pyrrole;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.0510furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		4.0631mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
2,5-hexanedione
2,5-hexanedione: metabolite of methyl-n-butyl ketone. 2,5-hexanedione : A diketone that is hexane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 5. It is a toxic metabolite of hexane and of 2-hexanone		2.6620diketone;
methyl ketone		human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
thiodipropionic acid
thiodipropionic acid: structure		2.1310dicarboxylic acid
heptanol
Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.		2.0110heptanol;
primary alcohol		flavouring agent;
fragrance;
gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor;
plant metabolite
carbitol
carbitol: used as lubricating oil & in braking fluid, structure. diethylene glycol monoethyl ether : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.		2.110diether;
glycol ether;
hydroxypolyether;
primary alcohol		protic solvent
methyl palmitate
[no description available]		2.0610fatty acid methyl estermetabolite
tetraethylenepentamine
[no description available]		2.4320polyazaalkanecopper chelator
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		2.9640peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
estradiol dipropionate
estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83		2.0210steroid ester
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.2310ergoline alkaloid
imipramine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideantidepressant
neostigmine bromide
neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.		3.4470bromide salt
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		15.966212biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
mephobarbital
Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		2.0510barbituratesanticonvulsant
edrophonium chloride
edrophonium chloride : The chloride salt of edrophonium. A reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes), it is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		2.4720chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
maltol
maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure		2.13104-pyranonesmetabolite
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.0510aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
chloranil
Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
organochlorine compound		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
metabolite
trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.0510trinitrotolueneexplosive
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		3.1450aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
vanillic acid
Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.		7.5920methoxybenzoic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid		plant metabolite
triethylamine
[no description available]		2.0210tertiary amine
suramin sodium
suramin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the hexasodium salt of suramin. It is an FDA approved drug for African sleeping sickness and river blindness.		2.4420organic sodium saltangiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.7430anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		2.4620hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		4.2850quinolines
chloroprocaine
chloroprocaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroprocaine : Procaine in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine. It is used as its monohydrochloride salt as a local anaesthetic, particularly for oral surgery. It has the advantage over lidocaine of constricting blood vessels, so reducing bleeding.		2.0710benzoate ester;
monochlorobenzenes		central nervous system depressant;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
amiben
Amiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410chlorobenzoic acid
methapyrilene hydrochloride
methapyrilene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of methapyrilene.		2.7530hydrochlorideanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
phenazopyridine hydrochloride
phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.1310hydrochloridecarcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
tetrracaine hydrochloride
leocaine: a crystal beta-modification of the beta-dimethylaminoethyl ether of n-butylaminobenzoic acid hydrochloride		2.4720benzoate ester
chelidamic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
protocatechualdehyde
protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure		2.1310dihydroxybenzaldehyde
monuron
monuron: minor descriptor (72-83); on-line & Index Medicus search UREA/AA (72-74) & HERBICIDES (72-74) & HERBICIDES UREA (75-83); RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. monuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a p-chlorophenyl group while the other is substituted by two methyl groups.		2.04103-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
monochlorobenzenes		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
ethyl acetate
ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.		2.9840acetate ester;
ethyl ester;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor;
metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
iminodiacetic acid
iminodiacetic acid: used as hepatobiliary imaging agent when labeled with Tc; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. iminodiacetic acid : An amino dicarboxylic acid that is glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0410amino dicarboxylic acid;
glycine derivative;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid		chelator
sodium cyanide
Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.		3.69100cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
sodium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
tetraphenylborate
Tetraphenylborate: An anionic compound that is used as a reagent for determination of potassium, ammonium, rubidium, and cesium ions. It also uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and forms complexes with biological materials, and is used in biological assays.		1.9810
pregnenolone
[no description available]		2.071020-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone
20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA.		2.131020-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-onehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		4.41210methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
3-o-methylglucose
3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504). 3-O-methyl-D-glucose : A D-aldohexose that is D-glucose in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group at position 3 has been substituted by a methyl group. It is a non-metabolisable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase and is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems.		2.9140D-aldohexose derivative
2-chloroadenosine
5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source		3.7100purine nucleoside
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		3.82110hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		4.2350penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		2.0710dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt
1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt: A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.4420organic molecular entity
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
potassium cyanide
[no description available]		2.730cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
potassium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		3.8430acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol
Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)		2.492017-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
dydrogesterone
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		progestin
fluocortolone
Fluocortolone: A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders.		2.031021-hydroxy steroid
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		3.4770catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
tripelennamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
phenetidine
Phenetidine: Used in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.. 4-ethoxyaniline : An aromatic ether that is aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by an ethoxy group. It is a hydrolysis metabolite of phenacetin.		2.0410aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		drug metabolite
cysteamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
diazooxonorleucine
Diazooxonorleucine: An amino acid that inhibits phosphate-activated glutaminase and interferes with glutamine metabolism. It is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by an unidentified species of Streptomyces from Peruvian soil. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-norleucine which is substituted at position 5 by an oxo group and at position 6 by a diazo group. It is as inhibitor of various glutamine-utilising enzymes.		2.0410amino acid zwitterion;
diazo compound;
ketone;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		analgesic;
antibacterial agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.4.2.14 (amidophosphoribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.2 (glutaminase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.4.2 [CTP synthase (glutamine hydrolyzing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.1 [NAD(+) synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.2 [GMP synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.3 (phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase) inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.4 [asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
EC 6.3.5.5 [carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		6.25101azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		3.0950acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		2.9440indazole
1,3-benzodioxole
1,3-benzodioxole : A benzodioxole consisting of a benzene ring substituted by a the methylenedioxy group.		3.5110benzodioxole
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		13.353312adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		3.5990cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		5.7261isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		5.971011,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		12.5448141,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		8.62284diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
ethynodiol diacetate
Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.110steroid ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
estrogen receptor modulator;
synthetic oral contraceptive
propantheline bromide
[no description available]		3.1550xanthenes
triphenyltetrazolium
triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.		2.9610organic cation
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		3.5920phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
hydrazine
diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.		3.81110azane;
hydrazines		EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
thiocyanate
thiocyanate: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiocyanate : A pseudohalide anion obtained by deprotonation of the thiol group of thiocyanic acid.		2.0410pseudohalide anion;
sulfur molecular entity		human metabolite
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.4920corticosteroid hormone
pirinitramide
Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.		2.4520nitrile
methylpentynol carbamate
[no description available]		2.0410
mechlorethamine n-oxide
[no description available]		2.0410nitrogen mustard
edrophonium bromide
[no description available]		2.0410
hydralazine hydrochloride
hydralazine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of hydralazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.0310hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
ethamivan
ethamivan: minor descriptor (65-72); major descriptor (73-86); on-line search BENZAMIDES (66-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BENZAMIDES (65-72); ETHAMIVAN (73-86). etamivan : Phenol substituted at C-2 and C-4 by a methoxy group and an N,N-diethylaminocarbonyl group respectively. A respiratory stimulant drug related to nikethamide, it has now fallen largely into disuse.		2.4720methoxybenzenes;
phenols
pargyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
estradiol 17 beta-cypionate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		3.150organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
monocrotaline
Monocrotaline: A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.		7.7530pyrrolizidine alkaloid
testosterone enanthate
[no description available]		2.4420heptanoate ester;
sterol ester		androgen
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		4.5170mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		4.4160N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol
phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity		2.0510aminopyridine
linuron
Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.		2.0410dichlorobenzene;
phenylureas		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
tetrapropylammonium
tetrapropylammonium: more than 12 salts of above cpd in Chemline. tetrapropylammonium : A quarternary ammonium cation with four propyl substituents around the central nitrogen.		1.9810quaternary ammonium ion
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		4.4220benzenes;
sulfonamide
glymidine
glymidine: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONAMIDES 1975-90); GLIDIAZINE & GLYCODIAZINE were see GLYMIDINE 1975-92; use SULFONAMIDES to search GLYMIDINE 1975-92; a sulfonamide hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. glymidine : A sulfonamide that is N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide which is substituted at position 5 of the pyrimidine ring by a 2-methoxyethoxy group. It is a hypoglycemic drug used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.		1.9910diether;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		hypoglycemic agent
orphenadrine hydrochloride
orphenadrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of ophenadrine and hydrogen chloride.		2.7530hydrochlorideantiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
fluocinonide
Fluocinonide: A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA.		2.1310organic molecular entity
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		4.2650benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5920steroid ester
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		2.9540ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine
[no description available]		2.05103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
butanamides;
butyrate ester		agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
vasodilator agent
procarbazine hydrochloride
procarbazine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining procarbazine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		2.0810hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		3.8211011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-), dibromide
Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide: Proposed cholinesterase inhibitor.		2.4420
cyanamide
Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.		1.9910nitrile;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.0510haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
fluorometholone
Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.		2.52011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		2.743020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
nandrolone
Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.		2.683017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid		human metabolite
xanthinol niacinate
Xanthinol Niacinate: A vasodilator used in peripheral vascular disorders and insufficiency. It may cause gastric discomfort and hypotension.		2.1310
4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride
4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride: inhibitor of peptide hydrolases; structure in second source		1.9910
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		2.0410imidazolidine-2,4-dione
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		3.8721monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		4.06401-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
ketobemidone
ketobemidone: structure		2.0410piperidines
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		2.2110calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.4920cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		4.2550bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.9340bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
nuciferine
nuciferine: CNS depressant; glutamic acid antagonist; RN given refers to (R)-isomer; structure		2.0710
plumbagin
plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.		2.0410hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone;
phenols		anticoagulant;
antineoplastic agent;
immunological adjuvant;
metabolite
imperatorin
imperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist; furanocoumarin from West African medicinal plant Clausena anisata; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3005. imperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 8. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.0310psoralensEC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.7530isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
9-phenanthrol
9-phenanthrol: an inhibitor of AMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; structure in first source. 9-phenanthrol : A phenanthrol that is phenanthrene in which a hydrogen attached to a carbon in the central ring has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.8530phenanthrolTRPM4 channel inhibitor
dihydralazine
Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)		2.7630phthalazines
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		3.81110benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
kainic acid
Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.		8.6290dicarboxylic acid;
L-proline derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid		antinematodal drug;
excitatory amino acid agonist
thymoquinone
thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.		2.11101,4-benzoquinonesadjuvant;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
plant metabolite
pamaquine
pamaquine: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410aminoquinoline
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		2.0510amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylethanol
4-hydroxyphenylethanol: in chest gland secretion of galagos. 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol : A phenol substituted at position 4 by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.		2.1510phenolsanti-arrhythmia drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
protective agent
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.23104-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		3.150
thiazolidines
Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.		3.73100thiazolidine
mustard gas
Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention.		2.0410ethyl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
vesicant
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		3.1550hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		3.5920ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		3.1550furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		3.17503'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		4.265017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride
tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of tetryzoline. It is used as a nasal decongestant.		2.7530hydrochloridenasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
dequalinium chloride
dequalinium chloride : An organic chloride salt that is the dichloride salt of dequalinium.		2.4420organic chloride saltantifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiseptic drug;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		3.8830diarylmethane
1,2-naphthoquinone
naphthalene-1,2-dione: structure given in first source. 1,2-naphthoquinone : The parent structure of the family of 1,2-naphthoquinones, in which the oxo groups of the quinone moiety are at positions 1 and 2 of the naphthalene ring. It is a metabolite of naphthalene and is found in diesel exhaust particles.		2.13101,2-naphthoquinonesaryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
flavone
flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.		2.0510flavonesmetabolite;
nematicide
tryptophol
tryptophol : An indolyl alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 1H-indol-3-yl group at position 2.		2.4110indolyl alcoholauxin;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gluconic acid
gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.		2.6930gluconic acidchelator;
Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		2.8940organic molecular entity
apronalide
apronalide: structure		2.0410N-acylurea
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid: Bepask is calcium salt		2.0710benzamides
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		2.9540thiazoles
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6.		2.0410dinitrophenol acaricide;
hydroxytoluene;
nitrotoluene		dinitrophenol insecticide;
fungicide;
herbicide
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.		1.9810methoxybenzenes;
phenols
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		4.2850amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.		210carbodiimideATP synthase inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
peptide coupling reagent
levocarnitine
(R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.		3.5620carnitineantilipemic drug;
nootropic agent;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
decamethonium dibromide
[no description available]		2.4420
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		4.52220dialdehydebiomarker
n-hexadecane
n-hexadecane: structure. hexadecane : A straight-chain alkane with 16 carbon atoms. It is a component of essential oil isolated from long pepper.		2.0710long-chain alkanenon-polar solvent;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
sulfanilylurea
sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure		3.2310benzenes;
sulfonamide
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.7630arenesulfonic acid;
C-nitro compound		epitope;
explosive;
reagent
lucanthone hydrochloride
Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.		1.9910
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.0510organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
amitriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530organic tricyclic compound
naphazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530organic molecular entity
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		2.4720isothiocyanateinsecticide
paeonol
paeonol: structure		2.0310methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		2.0510
4,4'-bipyridyl
4,4'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-4 and C-4'.		2.1310bipyridine
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		2.0410carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate
4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology.		2.6630arenesulfonic acid;
arylmercury compound
doxylamine succinate
[no description available]		2.7530organic molecular entity
carbamylhydrazine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310organic molecular entity
monoacetyldapsone
monoacetyldapsone: used in leprosy chemotherapy. monoacetyldapsone : A secondary carboxamide resulting from acetylation of one of the amino groups of dapsone.		2.1310acetamides;
anilide;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone
metahexamide
metahexamide: major descriptor (64-83); on-line search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (64-83); Index Medicus search METAHEXAMIDE (64-83); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410benzenes;
sulfonamide
formestane
[no description available]		2.753017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enol;
hydroxy steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
chlorotrianisene
Chlorotrianisene: A powerful synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.		2.1310chloroalkeneantineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor modulator;
xenoestrogen
lactulose
[no description available]		3.8630glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
docusate
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid: All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.		2.4820diester;
organosulfonic acid
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		2.4420flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
aminacrine
[no description available]		2.1310
isoxsuprine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310alkylbenzene
debrisoquin sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310organic sulfate salt
diphenylamine
Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.		1.9910aromatic amine;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
secondary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
antioxidant;
carotogenesis inhibitor;
EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
betaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
bethanechol chloride
bethanechol chloride : The chloride salt of bethanechol. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		2.4720carbamate ester;
chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscarinic agonist
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		3.316020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
pamabrom
[no description available]		3.2310
toyocamycin
Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.		2.0410antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
nitrile;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
2-anthramine
2-anthramine: structure		2.1310anthracenamine
2-hydroxyacetanilide
2-acetamidophenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 2-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. A positional isomer of paracetamol which possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and anti-platelet aggregation properties.		2.1310acetamides;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
xenobiotic metabolite
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		5.55210acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
dimethyl disulfide
[no description available]		2.0110organic disulfidexenobiotic metabolite
c.i. 42510
Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.		2.3110
Berberine chloride (TN)
[no description available]		3.1510organic molecular entity
trimetozine
[no description available]		2.0710morpholines
clopamide
Clopamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide piperidine. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		2.1310sulfonamide
glycochenodeoxycholic acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycochenodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycochenodeoxycholic acid.. glycochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oyl as the bile acid component.		2.7130bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
erythromycin stearate
[no description available]		2.0510aminoglycoside
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		11.54141cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		4.245017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
mannoheptulose
Mannoheptulose: A 7-carbon keto sugar having the mannose configuration.. D-keto-manno-heptulose : The open chain form of D-manno-heptulose.. D-manno-heptulose : A manno-heptulose with a D-configuration. It has been found in avocados.		3.3970D-manno-heptulose
docosanol
Tadenan: from powdered bark of Pygaeum africanum (Rosaceae), see also heading for docosanol (a priciple ingredient of extract). docosan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol that is docosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It is a non-prescription medicine approved by the FDA to shorten healing time of cold sores.. docosanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of twenty-two carbon atoms.		2.0710docosanol;
long-chain primary fatty alcohol		antiviral drug;
plant metabolite
homoserine
homoserine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine substituted at the alpha-position by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.. L-homoserine : The L-enantiomer of homoserine.		2.1710amino acid zwitterion;
homoserine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-piperidone
2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.4220delta-lactam;
piperidones		EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
methylnitrosourea
Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.		2.4620N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
mutagen;
teratogenic agent
hadacidin
hadacidin: inhibitor of AMP synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hadacidin : A monocarboxylic acid that is N-hydroxyglycine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. It was originally isolated from cultures of Penicillium frequentans.		2.0410aldehyde;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-hydroxy-alpha-amino-acid		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
Penicillium metabolite;
teratogenic agent
phosmet
Phosmet: An organothiophosphorus insecticide that has been used to control pig mange.		2.1310organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phthalimides		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
hydroxychloroquine sulfate
[no description available]		2.0810
ethylnitrosourea
Ethylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by ethyl and nitroso groups.		2.1110N-nitrosoureasalkylating agent;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
carbophenothion
carbophenothion: structure		2.0410organic sulfide
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		4.547017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
porfiromycin
Porfiromycin: Toxic antibiotic of the mitomycin group, obtained from MITOMYCIN and also from Streptomyces ardus and other species. It is proposed as an antineoplastic agent, with some antibiotic properties.		2.0410
Mecamylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420monoterpenoid
ethyl gallate
ethyl gallate: used with osmium in procedure for mapping neuronal pathways. ethyl gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with ethanol.		210gallate esterplant metabolite
lormetazepam
lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.		2.96401,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		sedative
vinblastine
[no description available]		5.01120
malononitrile dimer
Malononitrile dimer: has antithyroid activity; inhibits conversion of monoiodotyrosine to diiodotyrosine		2.1310
hydroxyethyl methacrylate
hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.		2.4420enoate esterallergen;
polymerisation monomer
diphenyl disulfide
[no description available]		2.1310benzenes
diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.		3.2310ethyl ester;
nitrile;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amine		antidiarrhoeal drug
3-cyanoalanine
3-cyanoalanine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-cyanoalanine : An alanine derivative obtained by replacement of one of the methyl hydrogens in alanine with a cyano group		3.6630alanine derivative;
aliphatic nitrile;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
1-methylpyridinium
1-methylpyridinium: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.5720methylpyridines
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.5220pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
testolactone
Testolactone: An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer.		2.04103-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
seco-androstane
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous)
cyproheptadine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : The hydrochloride salt of cyproheptadine. Note that the drug named cyproheptadine hydrochloride generally refers to cyproheptadine hydrochloride sesquihydrate.		2.7530hydrochloride
estradiol valerate
[no description available]		2.9640steroid ester
ethambutol hydrochloride
ethambutol dihydrochloride : The dihydrchloride salt of ethambutol. A bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, it is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol dihydrochloride is used alone.		2.0810hydrochlorideantitubercular agent
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		4.6480ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
phenylglyoxal
[no description available]		1.9810phenylacetaldehydes
pyrithioxin
Pyrithioxin: A neurotropic agent which reduces permeability of blood-brain barrier to phosphate. It has no vitamin B6 activity.		2.0410methylpyridines
tetramethylpyrazine
tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).		2.7530alkaloid;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
2,2'-dipyridylamine
dipyridin-2-ylamine: structure in first source		2.1310
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.1710alkali metal hydroxide
propyleneglycol monolaurate
[no description available]		2.110
arsenic trioxide
Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.		2.0210
antimycin a
[no description available]		2.4720benzamides;
formamides;
macrodiolide;
phenols		antifungal agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
piscicide
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		4.4160glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
nsc 65346
sangivamycin: RN given refers to parent cpd. sangivamycin : A nucleoside analogue that is adenosine in which the nitrogen at position 7 is replaced by a carbamoyl-substituted carbon. It is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C.		2.0410nucleoside analogueprotein kinase inhibitor
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		3.1650enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		6.48131alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
pregnenolone carbonitrile
Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.		2.5120aliphatic nitrile
guanazole
Guanazole: A cytostatic triazole derivative which is not to be confused with guanazolo, the generic name for 8-azaguanine.. guanazole : An aromatic amine that is 1,2,4-triazole substituted at positions 3 and 5 by amino groups.		2.0410aromatic amine;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor
flurandrenolone
Flurandrenolone: A corticosteroid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream or an ointment, and is also used as a polyethylene tape with an adhesive. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p733)		2.52021-hydroxy steroid
ibufenac
ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.		3.2310monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2,4-dinitrothiocyanatobenzene
2,4-dinitro-1-thiocyanatobenzene : A thiocyanate compound having a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group attached to the sulfur atom.		2.0510C-nitro compound;
thiocyanates		hapten;
tolerogen
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4620aromatic ketone
diethylcarbamazine citrate
[no description available]		2.1310piperazinecarboxamide
meturedepa
meturedepa: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6031		2.0410phosphoramide
metaxalone
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
ioxynil
ioxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. ioxynil : A nitrile that is benzonitrile substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and iodo groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.0410iodophenol;
nitrile		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
bromoxynil
bromoxynil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile : A dibromobenzene that is 2,6-dibromophenol substituted by a cyano group at position 4.		2.0410dibromobenzene;
hydroxynitrile;
phenols		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		3.5820cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
azacyclonol
azacyclonol: major descriptor (65-84); on-line search PIPERIDINES (65-84); Index Medicus search AZACYCLONOL (65-84); RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1310diarylmethane
5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol
5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol.		2.4720androstane-3alpha,17beta-diolDaphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
guaiacoxyacetic acid
guaiacoxyacetic acid: structure given in first source		2.1310
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		2.3110organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
picloram
Picloram: A picolinic acid derivative that is used as a herbicide.. picloram : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine-2-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a chloro group at positions 3,5 and 6, and by an amino group at position 4. It is a systemic herbicide used to control deeply rooted herbaceous weeds and woody plants in rights-of-way, forestry, range lands, pastures, and small grain crops.		2.0410aminopyridine;
chloropyridine;
organochlorine pesticide;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid		herbicide;
synthetic auxin
pristane
pristane: structure. pristane : A norterpene that is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon derived from phytane by loss of its C-16 terminal methyl group.		2.0710long-chain alkane;
norterpene		biomarker;
immunological adjuvant
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.4920tertiary amine
tetrabutylammonium
tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.2360quaternary ammonium ion
ethoglucid
Ethoglucid: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used especially in bladder neoplasms. It is toxic to hair follicles, gastro-intestinal tract, and vasculature.		2.0410epoxide
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		4.5270benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
methylene diphosphonate
medronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) consisting of methane substituted by two phosphonic acid groups.		2.13101,1-bis(phosphonic acid)bone density conservation agent;
chelator
amiloride hydrochloride, anhydrous
amiloride hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining amiloride with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.1310hydrochloridediuretic;
sodium channel blocker
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		6.4310aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		5.16140benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
benperidol
Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)		2.0410aromatic ketone
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.		2.0310azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
flumethasone
Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.		2.52011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
guanoxan
guanoxan: was MH 1976-92 (see under GUANIDINES 1976-90); use GUANIDINES to search GUANOXAN 1976-92; antihypertensive agent similar in its mechanism of action to guanethidine; may cause liver damage		2.0510benzodioxine
azaribine
azaribine: pyrimidine analogue; anti-metabolite used in psoriasis & mycosis fungoides;. azaribine : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is 6-azauridine acetylated at positions 2', 3' and 5' on the sugar ring. It is a prodrug for 6-azauridine and is used for treatment of psoriasis.		2.4820acetate ester;
N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine		antipsoriatic;
prodrug
hydrocortisone hemisuccinate
hydrocortisone succinate : A derivative of succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups is esterified by the C-21 hydroxy group of cortisol (hydrocortisone).		2.1310dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
mofebutazone
mofebutazone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. mofebutazone : A pyrazolidine that is phenylbutazone lacking one of the phenyl substituents. It is used for treatment of joint and muscular pain.		1.9810pyrazolidinesnon-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
phenethyl isothiocyanate
phenethyl isothiocyanate: a dietary liver aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor; promotes urinary bladder carcinoma. phenethyl isothiocyanate : An isothiocyanate having a phenethyl group attached to the nitrogen. It is a naturally occurring compound found in some cruciferous vegetables (e.g. watercress) and is known to possess anticancer properties.		2.4620isothiocyanateantineoplastic agent;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
metabolite
muscarine
[no description available]		2.0310
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		2.68302-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.		2.0210corticosteroid hormone;
hemisuccinate
dexbrompheniramine
dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310brompheniramineanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.		2.0710fucopyranose;
L-fucose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		2.4720pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
1,3,5-triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione
[no description available]		2.0410
tetrapentylammonium
tetrapentylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.2560quaternary ammonium ion
antazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
c.i. direct blue 1
[no description available]		2.0310
acadesine
[no description available]		2.05101-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
acetophenazine
acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.		2.0410N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
mebeverine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate: reducing agent; structure given in first source		2.0110
chlordesmethyldiazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzodiazepine
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		4.7690dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		3.360organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		4.86100dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
hydroxyhexamide
[no description available]		210sulfonamide
cyclohexylisocyanate
cyclohexylisocyanate: degradation product of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl- 1-nitrosourea; structure		2.0710isocyanatesallergen
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		2.6930fluorescein isothiocyanate
improsan
improsan: synonyms NSC-102627, alkylating agent 864 & yoshi 864 refer to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410organosulfonic ester
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		2.6730D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		2.9401,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
cyclacillin
Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID.		2.0210penicillinantibacterial drug
clidinium bromide
clidinium bromide : The bromide salt of clinidium. It is used for the symptomatic treatment of peptic ulcer disease and also to help relieve abdominal or stomach spasms or cramps due to colicky abdominal pain, diverticulitis, and irritable bowel syndrome.		2.1310
palmatine
burasaine: structure in first source		2.0510berberine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		plant metabolite
iproclozide
iproclozide: structure		2.0510aromatic ether
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
meclofenoxate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.44202-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
diloxanide furoate
diloxanide furoate: structure. diloxanide furoate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of furan-2-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of 2,2-dichloro-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylacetamide. It is a drug used for the treatment of asymptomatic amebiasis.		2.1310carboxylic ester;
furans;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antiamoebic agent;
prodrug
streptomycin
[no description available]		4.4260antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
piperacetazine
piperacetazine: was MH 1975-91 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90)		2.0410phenothiazines
nitroxoline
nitroxoline: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6475; RN given refers to parent cpd. nitroxoline : A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5.		2.1310C-nitro compound;
monohydroxyquinoline		antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
renal agent
dideoxyadenosine
Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite.		2.610adenosines;
purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor
clonidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310dichlorobenzene
cladribine
[no description available]		4.5570organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
beclomethasone
[no description available]		3.447011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug
fructosamine
Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.		7.721711
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		4.0740penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
carbenicillin disodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine
dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.		2.0510aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
pyridoisoquinoline		antileishmanial agent;
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug
estradiol enanthate
[no description available]		2.0210steroid ester
benorilate
benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin		2.0510carbonyl compound
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		2.0510aromatic amine
buthionine sulfoximine
Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.		2.7330diastereoisomeric mixture;
homocysteines;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
sulfoximide		EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		2.4720isoquinolines
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		3.5580penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clomacran
clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310acridines
mexiletine hydrochloride
mexiletine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride composed of equimolar amounts of mexiletine and hydrogen chloride.		2.4420hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
pentaquine
pentaquine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
beclomethasone dipropionate
beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
enone;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.0510beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
diadenosine tetraphosphate
P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.		2.9340diadenosyl tetraphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alverine citrate
[no description available]		2.1310citrate salt;
organoammonium salt		antispasmodic drug;
cholinergic antagonist
betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		antipsoriatic
iodinated glycerol
iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant		2.3920dioxolane
methenamine hippurate
methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action		3.2310N-acylglycine
cyclogyl
cyclopentolate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclopentolate. It is used to produce mydriasis (excessive dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia (paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye) for opthalmic diagnostic procedures. It acts more quickly than atropine and has a shorter duration of action.		2.1310
levomethadone
levomethadone : A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (R)-configuration. It is the active enantiomer of methadone and its hydrochloride salt is used to treat adults who are addicted to drugs such as heroin and morphine.		2.03106-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-oneantitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		4.2550azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
cyclophosphamide
cyclophosphamide hydrate : The monohydrate of cyclophosphamide.		2.0310hydratealkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
suxamethonium chloride
succinylcholine chloride (anhydrous) : A chloride salt in which the negative charge of the chloride ions is balanced by succinylcholine dications.		2.0310chloride saltmuscle relaxant
cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride
cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of cyclobenzaprine. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
muscle relaxant
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		2.730amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
3-deazaadenosine
3-deazaadenosine: RN given refers to parent cpd.		2.4420
tiadenol
tiadenol: structure		2.0510aliphatic sulfide
terodiline
[no description available]		2.9740diarylmethane
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
phenylethylmalonamide
Phenylethylmalonamide: A metabolite of primidone.		2.0310amine
metoclopramide hydrochloride
metoclopramide hydrochloride : A hydrate that is the monohydrate form of metoclopramide monohydrochloride.		2.7530
isoetharine mesylate
[no description available]		2.7530
hepes
[no description available]		210HEPES;
organosulfonic acid
etidronate disodium
etidronate disodium : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of two protons from etidronic acid (one from from each of the phosphonic acid groups) by sodium ions.		2.0810organic sodium saltantineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
lanthanum
[no description available]		2.6830f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.		1.9610elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom		Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		2.6830elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
praseodymium
Praseodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Pr, atomic number 59, and atomic weight 140.91.		2.3620f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		2.0210iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		2.7620copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		2.4220manganese group element atom
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		3.3970cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
cerium
Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.		2.0110f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		2.4220chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		3.71100f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		210copper group element atom;
elemental gold
vanadium
Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.		1.9610elemental vanadium;
vanadium group element atom		micronutrient
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		4.7590pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.		3.1710magnesium salt;
metal sulfate;
organic magnesium salt		anaesthetic;
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
anticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
fertilizer;
tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride
Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.		2.0610mercury coordination entitysensitiser
6-nitroindazole
[no description available]		2.1310
metocurine iodide
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic ether
cesium chloride
cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.		4.3760inorganic caesium salt;
inorganic chloride		phase-transfer catalyst;
vasoconstrictor agent
propionylpromazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.2960delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
nickel chloride
nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.		2.0310nickel coordination entitycalcium channel blocker;
hapten
ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.		2.7630iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		reducing agent
isopentenyladenosine
Isopentenyladenosine: N(6)-[delta(3)-isopentenyl]adenosine. Isopentenyl derivative of adenosine which is a member of the cytokinin family of plant growth regulators.. N(6)-(Delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenosine : A nucleoside analogue in which adenosine has been modified by substitution at the 6-amino nitrogen by a Delta(2)-isopentenyl group.		2.0410N-ribosyl-N(6)-isopentenyladenine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
plant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		210diatomic bromine
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		2.1110metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
ferrous chloride
ferrous chloride: induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd		210iron coordination entity
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		2.3920metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
silver nitrate
Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.		2.0210inorganic nitrate salt;
silver salt		astringent
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		3.2310inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		2.0610diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		2.730diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		2.3720
vasotocin
Vasotocin: A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.. vasotocin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is homologous to oxytocin and vasopressin. It is a pituitary hormone that acts as an endocrine regulator for water balance, osmotic homoeostasis and is involved in social and sexual behavior in non-mammalian vertebrates.		1.9910
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		7.2510elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
cadmium chloride
Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.		2.0310cadmium coordination entity
nsc-145,668
[no description available]		2.0310hydrochlorideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
ancitabine
Ancitabine: Congener of CYTARABINE that is metabolized to cytarabine and thereby maintains a more constant antineoplastic action.. ancitabine : An organic heterotricyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the oxo group of cytidine to the 2' position with loss of water to give the corresponding cyclic ether. A prodrug, it is metabolised to the antineoplastic agent cytarabine, so is used to maintain a more constant antineoplastic action.		2.0410diol;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
barium chloride
barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.		4.96370barium salt;
inorganic chloride		potassium channel blocker
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		2.5220
stanozolol
Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent;
androgen
phenacid
phenacid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
clodronic acid
Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.		2.97401,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent
ammonium chloride
Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.		2.4120ammonium salt;
inorganic chloride		ferroptosis inhibitor
mafenide acetate
[no description available]		2.0810carboxylic acid
reproterol
reproterol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0510oxopurine
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine
(1S,2R)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1S,2R)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		2.07102-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
apazone
Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.		2.3920benzotriazinesnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
uricosuric drug
hydrocortisone-17-butyrate
cortisol 17-butyrate : Cortisol esterified with butyric acid at the 17-hydroxy group.		2.1310butyrate ester;
cortisol ester;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		dermatologic drug;
drug allergen
diacerein
diacerein: chelates with bivalent metals; a quinone which possesses redox properties; metabolized to active rhein; proposed mechanisms include inhibiting IL1 and metalloproteinases; called a slow acting symptomatic drug in osteoarthritis; no effect of cyclooxygenase;		2.0810anthraquinone
metopimazine
metopimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310phenothiazines
parbendazole
parbendazole: anthelmintic used against a variety of gastrointestinal parasites; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZIMIDAZOLES; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester
xipamide
Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.		2.4520benzamides
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		4.85100selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4720hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		2.94406-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
benserazide hydrochloride
benserazide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of benserazide. An aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase inhibitor (DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor) that does not enter the central nervous system, it is used as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of parkinsonism. By preventing the conversion of levodopa to dopamine in the periphery, it causes an increase in the amount of levodopa reaching the central nervous system and so reduces the required dose. Benserazide hydrochloride has no antiparkinson actions when given alone.		2.7530hydrochlorideantiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
clemastine
Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		3.8330monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol
[no description available]		2.4720monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfone		antimicrobial agent;
immunosuppressive agent
pancuronium bromide
pancuronium bromide : A bromide salt consisting of two bromide ions and one pancuronium dication.		2.7430bromide saltcholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
pizotyline
Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.		2.0510benzocycloheptathiophenehistamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		5.44110beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		2.0510organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate
isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug		3.2960glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
pentamethylmelamine
pentamethylmelamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4820
eedq
EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent		2.1310
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		6.33370acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
sodium bisulfide
sodium bisulfide: RN given refers to sodium sulfide (Na(SH)); see also record for sodium sulfide (Na2S)		4.46210
ornidazole
Ornidazole: A nitroimidazole antiprotozoal agent used in ameba and trichomonas infections. It is partially plasma-bound and also has radiation-sensitizing action.. ornidazole : A C-nitro compound that is 5-nitroimidazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 2 are replaced by 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl and methyl groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of susceptible protozoal infections and for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections.		2.5120C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
organochlorine compound;
secondary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antitrichomonal drug;
epitope
fluorides
[no description available]		2.6530halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
calusterone
calusterone: was MH 1975-92 (see under METHYLTESTOSTERONE 1975-90); use METHYLTESTOSTERONE to search CALUSTERONE 1975-92		2.04103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
edifenphos
edifenphos: structure. edifenphos : An organic thiophosphate that is the O-ethyl-S,S-diphenyl ester of phosphorodithioic acid. Used to control a variety of fungal diseases on rice including blast, ear blight and stem rot. Edifenphos is moderately toxic to mammals and fish but poses more of a risk to aquatic invertebrates.		2.0610organic thiophosphateantifungal agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin;
phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		4.8610017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
tetridamin
tetridamin: do not confuse with tetrodamine; structure		2.1310
metergoline
Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.		3.3160carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid		dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.8830
lisuride
Lisuride: An ergot derivative that acts as an agonist at dopamine D2 receptors (DOPAMINE AGONISTS). It may also act as an antagonist at dopamine D1 receptors, and as an agonist at some serotonin receptors (SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS).		2.4420monocarboxylic acid amideantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
serotonergic agonist
etoprine
etoprine: do not confuse with 3,5-dicarbethoxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine, also called DDEP		2.0410
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane
[no description available]		3.2310
1-deoxynojirimycin
1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.		9.03942-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol;
piperidine alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
iodine
[no description available]		3.3970halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		4.2450aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
razoxane
Razoxane: An antimitotic agent with immunosuppressive properties.		2.0410N-alkylpiperazine
capobenic acid
[no description available]		2.520benzamides
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.7230cephalosporinantibacterial drug
diftalone
[no description available]		2.0710
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		3.8730nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
disopyramide phosphate
[no description available]		2.4420organoammonium phosphate
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		3.2310aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.47201,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate
[no description available]		2.0510methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		6.0381indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
ergocristine
ergocristine: an ergot alkaloid; one of the three components of ergotoxine; has alpha blocking action, stimulates smooth muscles & antagonizes serotonin; used as oxytocic & in peripheral disorders; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search EROLINES (77-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocristine : Ergotaman bearing benzyl, hydroxy, and isopropyl groups at the 5', 12' and 2' positions, respectively, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.		2.4420ergot alkaloid
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		3.8110benzenes;
phenyl acetates
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		2.964011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin
[no description available]		3.5920indoles
thymolphthalein
Thymolphthalein: Used as a pH indicator and as a reagent for blood after decolorizing the alkaline solution by boiling with zinc dust.		2.1310terpene lactone
azetepa
[no description available]		2.0410phosphoramide
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		2.0510chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		4.2750bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		2.04103-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
isothiuronium
Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity.		2.4620
metipranolol
Metipranolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.. metipranolol : 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.		9.0731acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
benzonidazole
benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.		2.0810C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antiprotozoal drug
halazepam
halazepam: structure		2.0210organic molecular entity
butachlor
butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.		2.0510aromatic amide;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
du-21220
Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.		3.1350benzyl alcohols;
polyphenol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate
8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.		5.272003',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
organobromine compound		antidepressant;
protein kinase agonist
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		2.4220
rose bengal b disodium salt
[no description available]		2.4720
glisoxepide
glisoxepide: oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS (75-85); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.0850sulfonamide
clobetasol propionate
Clobetasol Propionate: This is the form in trademark preparations.. clobetasol propionate : The 17-O-propionate ester of clobetasol. A potent corticosteroid, it is used to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.793011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid		anti-inflammatory drug
alkenes
[no description available]		2.4110
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		5.56220glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		3.2310chlorphenamine
ribostamycin
Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).		2.0410amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
metabolite
adenylyl imidodiphosphate
Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.		2.420adenosine 5'-phosphate
clometacin
clometacin: structure		3.2310N-acylindole
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		4.7590beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
frentizole
frentizole: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1310
ripazepam
[no description available]		2.0410benzenes
sodium azide
Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).		2.7130inorganic sodium saltantibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		2.4220pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
adenosine diphosphate ribose
Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.		2.4320ADP-sugarEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		5.21150penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		5.28160timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		3.1450tryptamines
penfluridol
Penfluridol: One of the long-acting ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS used for maintenance or long-term therapy of SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS.		2.1310diarylmethane
carfecillin
Carfecillin: The phenyl ester of CARBENICILLIN that, upon oral administration, is broken down in the intestinal mucosa to the active antibacterial. It is used for urinary tract infections.		2.0510penicillin
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		2.46202-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
eterobarb
[no description available]		2.1310barbiturates
nicergoline
Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		2.0510organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
nigericin
Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.		2.4320polycyclic etherantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.1140cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		3.8830catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
prednimustine
Prednimustine: Ester of CHLORAMBUCIL and PREDNISOLONE used as a combination alkylating agent and synthetic steroid to treat various leukemias and other neoplasms. It causes gastrointestinal and bone marrow toxicity.		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
toloxatone
toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.		2.4520oxazolidinone;
primary alcohol;
toluenes
moricizine hydrochloride
moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.		2.1310hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
moricizine
Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.		3.8230carbamate ester;
morpholines;
phenothiazines		anti-arrhythmia drug
amygdalin
[no description available]		2.0410cyanogenic glycoside;
disaccharide derivative;
gentiobioside		plant metabolite
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		3.8630amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
bitolterol
bitolterol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bitolterol : The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema.		2.0210carboxylic ester;
diester;
ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
prodrug
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		5.85170azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
feprazone
Feprazone: A pyrazole that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It has been used in mild to moderate pain, fever, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal and joint disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p15)		2.0810organic molecular entity
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool.		1.9910
pirprofen
pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure		5.1931pyrroline
medifoxamine
medifoxamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		210aromatic ether
sisomicin
Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).		2.4520amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic;
beta-L-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative
amdinocillin
Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.		2.0410penicillinantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		3.360amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
proroxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		5.8160taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
etomidate
ethnor: an adsorbable haemostatic bone sealant		2.1310imidazoles
alinidine
[no description available]		440
buspirone hydrochloride
buspirone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of buspirone and hydrogen chloride.		2.7530hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
etoposide
[no description available]		5.85170beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		5.78211peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
propafenone hydrochloride
propafenone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of propafenone. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		2.7530hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		5.19150catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin
Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.		2.7330penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
diflubenzuron
Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.		2.7530benzoylurea insecticide;
monochlorobenzenes		insect sterilant
trimazosin
trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410N-arylpiperazine
etazolate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
halofantrine
halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria		2.9440phenanthrenes
butaclamol
[no description available]		2.4520amino alcohol;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist
penbutolol
Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.		3.8230ethanolamines
etidocaine
Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery.		3.5920amino acid amidelocal anaesthetic
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		4.851001-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam
adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.		2.7430triazolobenzodiazepineanticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
sedative
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		4.2650alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.		2.9140butyrate ester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
ciclazindol
ciclazindol: highly selective inhibitor of noradrenaline uptake; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.0950
tolamolol
[no description available]		2.0410
carbidopa
[no description available]		2.4420catechols;
hydrate;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		4.460beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
hydroxymaprotilin
hydroxymaprotilin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0110
ticrynafen
Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.		3.5920aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antihypertensive agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
loop diuretic
guanadrel
guanadrel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanadrel : A spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching).		2.0210guanidines;
spiroketal		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		5.08130L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
tocainide
Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		3.2860monocarboxylic acid amideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic;
sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin
Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.		2.4520penicillin
bezafibrate
[no description available]		5.9193aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		3.82110
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		7.054005-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
nimustine
Nimustine: Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.. nimustine : An organochlorine compound that is urea in which the two hydrogens on one of the amino groups are replaced by nitroso and 2-chloroethyl groups and one hydrogen from the other amino group is replaced by a 4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-ylmethyl] group. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.		2.0410aminopyrimidine;
N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
levobunolol
Levobunolol: The L-Isomer of bunolol.. levobunolol : A cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma.		2.0210aromatic ether;
cyclic ketone;
propanolamine		antiglaucoma drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.1450pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
lonidamine
lonidamine: structure. lonidamine : A member of the class of indazoles that is 1H-indazole that is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by 2,4-dichlorobenzyl and carboxy groups, respectively.		2.0310dichlorobenzene;
indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		antineoplastic agent;
antispermatogenic agent;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
vecuronium bromide
Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		2.7330organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium
vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		3.2310acetate ester;
androstane;
quaternary ammonium ion		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		7.612120alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
dexibuprofen
dexibuprofen: structure in first source		2.4420ibuprofennon-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
benoxaprofen
benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.		4.23501,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antipsoriatic;
antipyretic;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
nephrotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
picobenzide
[no description available]		2.1310
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		2.4420cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
exifone
[no description available]		3.2310benzophenones
quisqualic acid
Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.		2.0310non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
pirfenidone
pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.		2.4520pyridoneantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefloquine
(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		4.2220[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
pinaverium
pinaverium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.3511monoterpenoid
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
flecainide acetate
flecainide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining flecainide with one molar equivalent of acetic acid. An antiarrhythmic agent used to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		2.7530acetate saltanti-arrhythmia drug
meptazinol
Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.		2.7230azepanes
nicardipine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530dihydropyridinegeroprotector
meglitinide
meglitinide: structure given in first source & in Negwer, 5th ed, #6436		6.57270
triadimenol
triadimenol : A member of the class of triazoles that is 3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-1,2-diol substituted at position O1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group. A fungicide for cereals, beet and brassicas used to control a range of diseases including powdery mildew, rusts, bunts and smuts.		2.1310aromatic ether;
conazole fungicide;
hemiaminal ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary alcohol;
triazole fungicide		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic metabolite
muzolimine
Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.		2.0510dichlorobenzene
butibufen
butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410monoterpenoid
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.6120benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		4.5370anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
acarbose
[no description available]		3.9230tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.7590aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
medroxalol
medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410salicylamides
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		4.0840aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
spiromustine
[no description available]		2.0410
cefmetazole
Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.		2.4320cephalosporinantibacterial drug
desflurane
Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.		3.5280organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
prenalterol
Prenalterol: A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME.		210aromatic ether
diaziquone
diaziquone: RN given refers to parent cpd. diaziquone : A 1,4-benzoquinone that is substituted at positions 2 and 5 have been replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups and at positions 3 and 6 by (ethoxycarbonyl)amino groups.		2.04101,4-benzoquinones;
aziridines;
carbamate ester;
enamine		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
enkephalin, methionine
Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.		1.9910
lorcainide
[no description available]		3.2960acetamides
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		4.6580anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
dihydroalprenolol
Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.		2.3820
n'-cyano-n-(3-pyridyl)-n''-(t-butyl)guanidine
N'-cyano-N-(3-pyridyl)-N''-(t-butyl)guanidine: structure given in first source		3.3770
n-cyano-n'-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-n''-(3-pyridinyl)guanidine
N-cyano-N'-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-N''-(3-pyridinyl)guanidine: potassium channel opener		4.68280pyridines
ceforanide
ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
cefonicid
Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		2.4320cephalosporinantibacterial drug
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.5470penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		9.6580aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
triciribine phosphate
[no description available]		2.0410
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		6.32280alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
pirogliride
pirogliride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9710
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		4.2550cephalosporinantibacterial drug
staurosporine
[no description available]		2.4720indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
terazosin hydrochloride anhydrous
[no description available]		2.7530
foscarnet sodium
trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.4720one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antiviral drug
lodoxamide
[no description available]		2.0210organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
indalpine
indalpine: selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710indoles
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		3.8430diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
atracurium besylate
atracurium besylate : The bisbenzenesulfonate salt of atracurium.		2.0810organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
gabapentin-lactam
gabapentin-lactam: structure in first source		2.0210azaspiro compound
butoconazole
butoconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. butoconazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans.		2.0210aryl sulfide;
conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		2.7430cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
lidamidine
lidamidine: synonym WHR-1142A refers to HCl; structure		2.0710ureas
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		10.481474nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
endralazine
BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4420benzamides
naftifine
naftifine: allylamine der; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. naftifine : A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210allylamine antifungal drug;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
bw-755c
4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.		2.0410
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		3.8530diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
pergolide mesylate
pergolide mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained from pergolide by mixing eqimolar amount of pergolide and methanesulfonic acid. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		2.9840methanesulfonate saltantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
geroprotector
ranitidine hydrochloride
label : A role played by a part of a molecular entity distinguishable by the observer but not by the system and used to identify a tracer.		2.0310
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		6.881040acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
bicifadine
bicifadine: a nonopioid analgesic that modulates the monoaminergic pathways involved in pain		2.0610
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		5.46110cephalosporinantibacterial drug
encainide
Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.		3.2860benzamides;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
talniflumate
talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma		2.4820benzofurans
fenoldopam mesylate
[no description available]		2.0810benzazepine
cerm-1978
bepridil hydrochloride : The hydrochloride of bepridil.		2.1310hydrochloride
tiotidine
tiotidine: UD gives slightly different structure for this cpd; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0810thiazoles
nedocromil
Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.		2.4420dicarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fialuridine
[no description available]		3.620
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		5.2590cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
bucindolol
bucindolol: an indolyl-tert-butyl-phenoxypropanolamine benzonitrile derivative		2.0410
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		3.3160fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
pirazolac
[no description available]		2.0310
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		4.5370monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
sulotroban
sulotroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist		1.9710
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		3.6290aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
miglustat
miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
alo 2145
apraclonidine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of apraclonidine.		2.0310hydrochloridealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antiglaucoma drug
haloperidol decanoate
[no description available]		3.6320organic molecular entity
dazoxiben hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
dazoxiben
dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		4.4160
recainam
recainam: structure given in first source		2.9640
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		6.48131delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
flupirtine
flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.1550aminopyridine
tolrestat
tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source		3.620naphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		3.5380aromatic ketone
stepronin
[no description available]		2.0810N-acyl-amino acid
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.4520
levocabastine
levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis		2.0210piperidines
castanospermine
castanospermine: indolizidine alkaloid from seeds of Australian legume, Castanospermum australe. castanospermine : A tetrahydroxyindolizidine alkaloid that consists of octahydroindolizine having four hydroxy substituents located at positions 1, 6, 7 and 8 (the 1S,6S,7R,8R,8aR-diastereomer).		1.9910indolizidine alkaloidanti-HIV-1 agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.2.1.* (glycosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		7.79203delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		3.4170benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.3160dimethoxybenzene
quinpirole
Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.		2.0610pyrazoloquinolinedopamine agonist
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		3.2310
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		7.341913-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		3.8530N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
caracemide
[no description available]		2.0410
bambuterol
bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.		2.4420carbamate ester;
phenylethanolamines		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		2.4720hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		4.86100aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.4160dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
alpidem
[no description available]		4.8250imidazoles
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		2.4420hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
cicletanine
[no description available]		3.2360organochlorine compound
eproxindine
eproxindine: structure given in first source		2.0310
gepirone
gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		4.77903-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
piroximone
piroximone: structure in first source		2.0510
5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil
5-propynylarabinofuranosyluracil: potent inhibitor of VZV		2.0510
itraconazole
Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.		2.1110aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
quinpirole hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
dopexamine
dopexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0710catecholamine
amifloxacin
amifloxacin: structure in UD		2.4110quinolines
trospectomycin
trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer		2.0410dioxanes
imazodan
imazodan: RN & structure given in first source;		2.0310
(S)-nomifensine
(S)-nomifensine : The S enantiomer of nomifensine.		2.0310nomifensine
lonapalene
RS 43179: used in treatment of psoriasis		2.0710naphthalenes;
organochlorine compound
cilazapril, anhydrous
Cilazapril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors) used for hypertension. It is a prodrug that is hydrolyzed after absorption to its main metabolite cilazaprilat.. cilazapril : A pyridazinodiazepine resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of cilazaprilat with ethanol. It is a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		4.3241dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
pyridazinodiazepine		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source		3.5620imidazolidine-2,4-dione
salmeterol xinafoate
Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.		2.9540naphthoic acid
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		3.620aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
ipsapirone
[no description available]		2.0710N-arylpiperazine
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		4.25180
quinelorane
quinelorane: LY 175887 is dextrorotary isomer; LY 137157 is a racemic mixture		2.0110quinazolines
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		4.961103-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
imiquimod
Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.		2.0810imidazoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
interferon inducer
sematilide
sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		3.1450
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		4.2450aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
(2S)-2-[[oxo-(4-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl)methyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid
[no description available]		2.0310phenylalanine derivative
clinafloxacin
clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl		2.7430quinolines
sertindole
sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.		4.2350heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
adapalene
Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether.		2.4520adamantanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthoic acid		dermatologic drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		5.17806-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide
loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source		2.4520organic molecular entity
aromasil
[no description available]		3.612017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
englitazone
englitazone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer		7.420
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		3.6590fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		4.42601-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
remacemide
remacemide: structure given in first source		2.0710stilbenoid
niguldipine
[no description available]		2.1310diarylmethane
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		3.5920methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		5.1780phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		4.4160beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
mibefradil dihydrochloride
[no description available]		3.8630
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		3.82110tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
bimakalim
bimakalim: potassium channel activator		4.39210
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		5.0570pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
eliprodil
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanol : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine substituted by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl group at position 1 and by a 4-fluorobenzyl group at position 4.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
piperidines;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tenidap
tenidap: structure given in first source; RN refers to (Z)-isomer		2.4220
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		4.5370aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride;
organofluorine compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		4.2650organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		4.3860benzenes;
organic amino compound
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		4.0940aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
sipatrigine
sipatrigine: a glutamate release inhibitor which protects against focal cerebral ischemic damage		2.1310pyrimidines
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		4.3960alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
atorvastatin calcium anhydrous
[no description available]		2.0810organic calcium salt
atorvastatin
[no description available]		10.47110aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		5.45110monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		2.0810duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
duloxetine
[no description available]		3.5920duloxetine
irinotecan
[no description available]		5.2890carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
aptiganel hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		5.46110biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5820
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		4.75901,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.9640guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		4.5670oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
simendan
Simendan: A hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.		5.55161
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.47206-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		4.7850monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
bms 180448
[no description available]		3.5120
mifobate
mifobate: has antiatherosclerotic properties		2.0510trialkyl phosphate
tasosartan
tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310biphenyls
tiludronic acid
tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source		3.2310organochlorine compound
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		3.8530L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		3.5920carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		9.911562adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
phenelzine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone
2,5-bis(1-aziridinyl)-3,6-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-benzoquinone: structure		2.04101,4-benzoquinones
gadolinium chloride
gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone		2.4220gadolinium coordination entityTRP channel blocker
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		3.3970trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
tobramycin sulfate
[no description available]		2.1310
benzylaminopurine
benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.		2.13106-aminopurinescytokinin;
plant metabolite
morzid
morzid: structure		2.0410morpholines
fluoxetine hydrochloride
fluoxetine hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.		2.7530hydrochloride;
N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine
pipothiazine
pipothiazine: was heading 1975-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PIPOTHIAZINE 1975-94; a member of the family of phenothiazine tranquilizers		2.0310
paroxetine hydrochloride
paroxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of paroxetine. It is an antidepressant drug.		2.4820hydrochlorideantidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
desferrioxamine b mesylate
desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.		2.0110methanesulfonate saltantidote;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator
propranolol hydrochloride
Inderex: combination of above cpds; used in treatment of hypertension		2.4420hydrochloride
bupropion hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7430aromatic ketone
cisatracurium
cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R*,2'R*)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.		2.0410diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
halofuginone
[no description available]		2.0510quinazolines
diltiazem hydrochloride
Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.4720hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		3.1450hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fosinoprilat
fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.		2.0410L-proline derivative;
phosphinic acids		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne		2.0510
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		4.4360
verapamil hydrochloride
verapamil hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil hydrochloride and (S)-verapamil hydrochloride.		2.9840
cefprozil
[no description available]		4.0640cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
doxazosin mesylate
Cardura: Trade name in United States.		2.9840methanesulfonate saltgeroprotector
terfenadine
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
sertraline hydrochloride
sertraline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of sertraline and hydrogen chloride. A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		2.0510hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
methylprednisolone aceponate
methylprednisolone aceponate: RN given for (6alpha,11beta)-isomer		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
dexamethasone 17-valerate
dexamethasone 17-valerate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
dexamethasone dipropionate
[no description available]		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
febrifugine
febrifugine: antimalarials; structure		2.0410quinazolines
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		5.4270acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		5.0970aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
amantadine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideantiviral agent;
dopamine agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
u 37883a
U 37883A: an antagonist of vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers; structure given in first source		5.25160
doxapram hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510hydrochloridecentral nervous system stimulant
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		6.18113D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
mevastatin
mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals.		3.87302-pyranones;
carboxylic ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		antifungal agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
Penicillium metabolite
bupivacaine hydrochloride
bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous) : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride and levobupivacaine hydrochloride. The monohydrate form is commonly used as a local anaesthetic.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0810hydrochloride;
racemate		adrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.4420
fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
chlorobenzophenone;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4202-benzofuransfluorochrome
ursolic acid
[no description available]		2.7730hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		geroprotector;
plant metabolite
n-methylnicotinamide
N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		2.7430pyridinecarboxamidemetabolite
meglumine antimoniate
Meglumine Antimoniate: ANTIMONY salt of meglumine that is used in the treatment of LEISHMANIASIS.		2.0510
1,5-anhydroglucitol
1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.		4.0831anhydro sugarhuman metabolite
norharman
norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.		2.1310beta-carbolines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent		fungal metabolite;
marine metabolite
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.3110organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
thymidine 5'-triphosphate
thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.		1.9910pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
baicalin
[no description available]		2.7330dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		3.6120azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		5.0970carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		3.5720acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
diacetylfluorescein
[no description available]		1.9610
thymine arabinoside
thymine arabinoside: selectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus		2.0410N-glycosyl compound
epigallocatechin gallate
epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.		2.4420flavans;
gallate ester;
polyphenol		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure		2.4520xanthene dyefluorochrome
psicofuranine
[no description available]		2.0410psicose derivative;
purine nucleoside
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate		2.0110
dobutamine hydrochloride
dobutamine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dobutamine. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		2.4420hydrochloridebeta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
desipramine hydrochloride
desipramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of desipramine.		2.7530hydrochloridedrug allergen
ticlopidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.5120hydrochloride
dopamine hydrochloride
P 498: structure in first source; do not confuse with dopamine chloride, also known as P 498		2.7530catecholamine
proadifen hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
epirubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0810
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.		2.1510dithiocarbamic acids;
pyrrolidines		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
radical scavenger
peroxynitric acid
[no description available]		2.420nitrogen oxoacid
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.9240glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fenclofenac
fenclofenac: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710aromatic ether
triciribine
[no description available]		2.0410nucleoside analogueEC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1		2.4420purine nucleoside
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		2.4320benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
proxicromil
proxicromil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710
sulconazole, mononitrate, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.1310conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt
5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine
[no description available]		2.5220
histamine phosphate
histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.		3.2310phosphate salthistamine agonist
acetylcholine bromide
acetylcholine bromide : The bromide salt of acetylcholine.		2.1310bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt
imipramine n-oxide
imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410dibenzooxazepine
tilbroquinol
[no description available]		3.2310organohalogen compound;
quinolines
bendamustine
[no description available]		3.8630benzimidazoles
erdosteine
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
fluazuron
fluazuron: a benzoyl phenylurea compound; ACATAK (tradename) is a pour-on tick development inhibitor containing fluazuron as its active ingredient. fluazuron : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a 3,6-difluorobenzoyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 4-chloro-3-{[3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl group. It is used to control ticks in cattle.		2.0510aromatic ether;
chloropyridine;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylurea;
organochlorine acaricide;
organofluorine acaricide;
phenylureas		acaricide;
mite growth regulator
aloxistatin
aloxistatin: a membrane-permeable cysteine protease inhibitor. aloxistatin : An L-leucine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3S)-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)oxirane-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of N-(3-methylbutyl)-L-leucinamide.		2.1310epoxide;
ethyl ester;
L-leucine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticoronaviral agent;
cathepsin B inhibitor
octimibate
[no description available]		1.9910
droxicam
droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.		3.2310organic heterotricyclic compound;
pyridines		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prodrug
trofosfamide
trofosfamide: cyclophosphamide analog; structure		2.0410ifosfamides
metrifudil
[no description available]		2.0310
rutecarpine
rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules		2.4420beta-carbolines
4-aminobenzoic acid-n-xyloside
4-aminobenzoic acid-N-xyloside: K 247 refers to Na salt; RN given refers to (D)-isomer		2.0410
atrinositol
[no description available]		1.9910
tryptamide
tryptamide: structure given in first source		2.1310
nictindole
nictindole: structure		2.0210
fotrin
fotrin: ethyleneamine derivative; antineoplastic; Russian drug; structure		2.0410
sufosfamide
sufosfamide: stronger immunosuppressive activity than cyclophosphamide; structure		2.0410
tedisamil
tedisamil : A member of the class of diazabicyclononanes that is (1s,5s)-3,7-diazaspiro[bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9,1'-cyclopentane] in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 are replaced by cyclopropylmethyl groups. It is a potassium channel blocker and an antiarrhythmic agent currently currently in development for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.		2.6730
ebrotidine
ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector		3.2310sulfonamide
torbafylline
torbafylline: structure given in first source		2.0710
web 2086
WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist		210organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
mizolastine
[no description available]		2.9640benzimidazoles
moguisteine
[no description available]		2.4120
dexloxiglumide
dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.7430glutamic acid derivative
terikalant
terikalant: experimental class II antiarrhythmic drug; RN gioven refers to terikalant ((S-(-))-isomer)		2.4120piperidines
intoplicine
intoplicine: structure in first source		2.4520pyridoindole
pazufloxacin
[no description available]		2.0810quinolines
rilmakalim
rilmakalim: potassium channel opener; rimalkalim may be a typo		3.3870
repaglinide
[no description available]		14.987718piperidines
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		6.1150benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
inogatran
inogatran: a direct low molecular weight thrombin inhibitor		2.4110
trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530aralkylamine
oxyphencyclimine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310pyrimidines
thioridazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloridefirst generation antipsychotic;
geroprotector
diphenylpyraline hydrochloride
diphenylpyraline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenylpyraline. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders.		2.1310hydrochloridecholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist
procainamide hydrochloride
procainamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride which has procainamide as the amino component.		2.4720hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
siquil
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent
mepivacaine hydrochloride
mepivacaine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mepivacaine. It is used as a local anaesthetic.		2.1310hydrochloride;
piperidinecarboxamide		local anaesthetic
sotalol hydrochloride
sotalol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is the monohydrochloride of sotalol. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		2.0310hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
oxymetazoline hydrochloride
oxymetazoline hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar quantities of oxymetazoline and hydrogen chloride. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used to relieve nasal congestion.		2.7530hydrochloridealpha-adrenergic agonist;
nasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
propatyl nitrate
propatyl nitrate: structure given in first source		2.0410nitrate ester
dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.		3.1350fenfluramineappetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
diphenidol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310diarylmethane
alprenolol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride
edoxudin
[no description available]		2.1310pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
cetiedil
cetiedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9910azepanes
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		3.326017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-ketoestradiol
[no description available]		2.1310
17 beta-estradiol hemisuccinate
[no description available]		2.1310
amizyl
[no description available]		2.1310
salicylhydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.1310hydroxamic acid;
phenols		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.11.2.2 (myeloperoxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug
sulfamidochrysoidine
sulfamidochrysoidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. prontosil : A diphenyldiazene compound having two amino substituents at the 2- and 4-positions and an aminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. It was the first antibacterial drug, (introduced 1935) and the first of the sulfonamide antibiotics.		2.0410
synthalin a
synthalin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. synthalin : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of decamethylenediguanidine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.. synthalin A : A member of the class of guanidines that is decane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 10-positions.		1.9810guanidineshepatotoxic agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
nephrotoxin
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer		2.0410
fluphenazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420phenothiazinesanticoronaviral agent
1,7-phenanthroline
[no description available]		2.1310phenanthroline
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		8.352041,2,3-triazole
tryptamine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid
[no description available]		2.1310
tangeretin
tangeretin: structure given in first source; from citrus plants; inhibits invasion of MO4 mouse cells into embryonic chick heart in vitro. tangeretin : A pentamethoxyflavone flavone with methoxy groups at positions 4', 5, 6 , 7 and 8.. pentamethoxyflavone : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a five methoxy groups.		2.0210pentamethoxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
dictamnine
dictamnine: furanoquinoline alkaloid; crosslinks DNA in presence of ultraviolet light		1.9810alkaloid antibiotic;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
coproporphyrin i
coproporphyrin I: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants; see also record for coproporphyrin III; zinc coproporphyrin I is fluorescent and a characteristic component of meconium		2.2110
dyclonine hydrochloride
dyclonine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dyclonine.		2.1310hydrochloridetopical anaesthetic
picrolonic acid
picrolonic acid: common lab reagent for alkaloids, amino acids & calcium; found mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium; structure		2.1310
clomipramine hydrochloride
clomipramine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of clomipramine and hydrogen chloride. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		2.7530hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug
amiloride hydrochloride
amiloride hydrochloride dihydrate : A hydrate that is the dihydrate of amiloride hydrochloride.		2.4420hydratediuretic;
sodium channel blocker
prazosin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride
mianserin hydrochloride
mianserin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of mianserin, a tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects.		2.7530hydrochloridegeroprotector
miconazole nitrate
miconazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole nitrate. An antifungal used for the treatment of athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.5120
ibopamine
ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source		2.0410benzoate ester;
phenols
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
steroid sulfate		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen
econazole nitrate
econazole nitrate : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole nitrate. Used to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.		2.1310
medetomidine
Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.		2.7230imidazoles
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		4.0740dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
lomefloxacin hydrochloride
lomefloxacin hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of lomefloxacin. It is administered by mouth to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used topically as eye drops for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis, and as ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and otitis media.		2.4420hydrochlorideantimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
fenspiride hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
nilverm
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
sanguinarine chloride
[no description available]		2.7330
picosulfate sodium
picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure		2.0510aryl sulfate;
pyridines
cefcanel
cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure		2.4520
pumitepa
pumitepa: structure; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		2.0410
rilmenidine
Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.		210isourea
ropinirole hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
selfotel
selfotel: a N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist; used to treat stroke-induced impairment		2.0510non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		4.26501,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
epristeride
epristeride: structure given in first source		2.7430steroid acid
talinolol
[no description available]		2.7430ureas
budipine
budipine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6541		2.0610diarylmethane
elmustine
elmustine: structure		2.0410
artemisinin
(+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810organic peroxide;
sesquiterpene lactone		antimalarial;
plant metabolite
plasmenylserine
plasmenylserine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. O-phospho-L-serine : The L-enantiomer of O-phosphoserine.. O-phosphoserine : A serine derivative that is serine substituted at the oxygen atom by a phosphono group.		2.0310O-phosphoserineEC 1.4.7.1 [glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.49 (O-acetylhomoserine aminocarboxypropyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
brinzolamide
brinzolamide: an antiglaucoma agent		2.0810sulfonamide;
thienothiazine		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dienogest
[no description available]		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
midaglizole
midaglizole: orally effective hypoglycemic agent structurally unrelated to known hypoglycemics; RN given for parent cpd		1.9710
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.46203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
forphenicinol
[no description available]		2.0410
artemether
Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0810artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
organic peroxide;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial
fenflumizole
fenflumizole: structure in first source		2.0310
2,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
[no description available]		2.1310
5-aminovaleric acid hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone
2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone: inhibits aminopyrine-N-demethylase in rat liver microsomal preparations		2.4110aromatic ketone
morphazinamide
morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index		2.0510morpholines;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide
opromazine
opromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in 9th ed, Merck Index, #6697		2.1310phenothiazines
n-acetyltryptamine
N-acetyltryptamine: antagonizes the melatonin-induced inhibition of dopamine release from retina; RN given refers to parent cpd. N-acetyltryptamine : A tryptamine compound having an acetyl substituent attached to the side-chain amino function.		2.0310acetamides;
indoles
tyrosyltyrosine
tyrosyltyrosine: RN given refers to all-(L)-isomer. tyrosyltyrosine : A dipeptide comprising tyrosine with a tyrosyl residue attached to the alpha-nitrogen.. Tyr-Tyr : Tyrosyltyrosine in which each tyrosine residue has L-configuration.		2.0510tyrosyltyrosineMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
dansylglycine
[no description available]		210
D-serine
[no description available]		2.0310D-alpha-amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
dipropylacetamide
dipropylacetamide: structure. valpromide : A fatty amide derived from valproic acid.		2.0410fatty amidegeroprotector;
metabolite;
teratogenic agent
denaverine
denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410diarylmethane
pafenolol
pafenolol: structure given in first source		2.0510
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		3.2310acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
isaxonine
isaxonine: promotes nerve growth		3.2310aminopyrimidine
dihydroergotamine mesylate
dihydroergotamine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergotamine, a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine. Both the mesylate and the tartrate salts are used for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		2.4420methanesulfonate saltnon-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
n-methylscopolamine
N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.		1.9810
enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.		2.520cyclopropanes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
cromakalim
Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)		11.754931
diprafenone
diprafenone: structure given in first source		2.7230aromatic compound
erythromycin propionate-n-acetylcysteinate
[no description available]		2.1310
erythromycin propionate
erythromycin propionate: form in which erythromycin estolate is principally absorbed		2.0210erythromycin derivative
ranolazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		3.5820chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		5.31170aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
ljc 10627
biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.4520carbapenems;
organic sulfide;
pyrazolotriazole		antibacterial drug
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.61201,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		4.2550razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
clobetasone butyrate
[no description available]		2.1310organic molecular entity
masoprocol
Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.		1.9810nordihydroguaiaretic acidantineoplastic agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite
loxapine succinate
[no description available]		2.9840succinate saltgeroprotector
guanfacine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530acetamidesgeroprotector
pirenzepine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310hydrochloride
labetalol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530salicylamides
diflorasone diacetate
diflorasone diacetate : The 17,21-diacetate derivative of diflorasone. It is used topically for its anti-inflammatory and antipruritic properties in the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
acecainide hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4720
loperamide hydrochloride
loperamide hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining loperamide with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used for treatment of diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		2.7530hydrochlorideanticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
fenoxypropazine
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
antebate
betamethasone butyrate propionate: a topical corticosteroid		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
maprotiline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530anthracenes
protoporphyrin ix, disodium salt
[no description available]		2.0310
trichlorosucrose
trichlorosucrose: sweetness intensity roughly 600 times that of sucrose and is nonnutritive and noncaloric; largely unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. sucralose : A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.		2.0710disaccharide derivative;
organochlorine compound		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
opipramol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
hydroxyzine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		4.0840conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
inproquone
inproquone: major descriptor (78-80); replaced major descriptor Bayer E39 (63-77); on-line search AZIRINES (66-80); Index Medicus search Bayer E39 (63-77), INPROQUONE (78-80)		2.0410
betamipron
[no description available]		2.9940organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
mepindolol
mepindolol: 2-methyl deriv of pindolol; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710indoles
fpl 52791
FPL 52791: also has anti-allergic properties; related to sodium cromoglycate; structure		2.0710
bufuralol
bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.360benzofurans
uroxatral
[no description available]		2.0810hydrochloride
aceclofenac
[no description available]		3.6120amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
glyclopyramide
glyclopyramide: structure		2.1710sulfonamide
secnidazole
[no description available]		2.1310C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
secondary alcohol		epitope
nitrefazole
[no description available]		3.2310imidazoles
emiglitate
[no description available]		1.9810
epanolol
epanolol: structure given in first source		2.4320acetamides
panipenem
panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
efaroxan
efaroxan: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.26601-benzofurans
perindoprilat
perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.		2.4120dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
L-alanine derivative;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cyclobutyrol
cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acidbile therapy drug
thiocolchicoside
[no description available]		2.0810glycoside
prednisolone phosphate
prednisolone phosphate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone phosphate : A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases.		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
steroid phosphate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glucocorticoid receptor agonist;
prodrug
terlipressin
terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.		2.0510polypeptide
(S)-flurbiprofen
[no description available]		2.0310flurbiprofen
siguazodan
[no description available]		2.0310pyridazinone
tolmesoxide
tolmesoxide: structure		2.0510
ubenimex
ubenimex: growth inhibitor		3.8330
3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine
3-octadecanamido-2-ethoxypropylphosphocholine: anti-HIV agent; RN & structure given in first source		2.0310
fagomine
fagomine: structure in first source		1.9910piperidines
7-hydroxystaurosporine
[no description available]		2.0410
6-hydroxyflavone
6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source		2.0510hydroxyflavonoid
hesperetin
[no description available]		2.17103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
monomethoxyflavanone;
trihydroxyflavanone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		2.9540phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
phorbol-12,13-diacetate
phorbol-12,13-diacetate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer		210
isoflavone
[no description available]		2.0510isoflavones
chelerythrine chloride
[no description available]		2.7330
clevudine
[no description available]		2.0510
nobiletin
nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.		2.0210methoxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
9-aminocamptothecin
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343
Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer		2.4520
grepafloxacin
grepafloxacin: structure in first source		2.7330fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
squalamine
squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source		2.0410bile acid
n-(2-hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide: metabolite of SG-75; structure given in first source		2.6830
neplanocin a
neplanocin A: neplanocins are antitumor antibiotics & carbocyclic analogs of purine nucleosides from Ampullarilla regularis A11079; see also neplanocin B, neplanocin C, neplanocin D & neplanocin F; structure in first source; a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase		2.0410
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.9540bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
tosyllysine chloromethyl ketone
[no description available]		2.4420
beta-amyrin
beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.		2.7530pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
plant metabolite
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		3.6120carbapenems
5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride
5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter		2.4420
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from anileridine and two molar equivalents of hydrogen chloride.		2.4420hydrochlorideEC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
amperozide hydrochloride
amperozide hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of amperozide.		2.4420hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
geroprotector;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid
[no description available]		2.4420
gliclazide
18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid: a gap junction inhibitor		2.4320
ergocornine
ergocornine: a component of ergotoxine; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ERGOLINES (75-86); RN given refers to ((5'alpha)-isomer). ergocornine : Ergotaman bearing a hydroxy group at the 12' position, isopropyl groups at the 2' and 5'alpha positions, and oxo groups at positions 3', 6', and 18. It is a natural ergot alkaloid.		2.1310ergot alkaloid
agroclavine
agroclavine: structure. agroclavine : An ergot alkaloid that is ergoline which contains a double bond between positions 8 and 9, and which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 6 and 8.		2.0310ergot alkaloid
2,5-anhydromannitol
2,5-anhydromannitol: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants		1.9910
tryptanthrine
tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai		2.0610alkaloid antibiotic;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
pramoxine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic ether
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		5.1680hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
s-methylisothiourea sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310
p-Aminobenzamidine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine: histamine H1 receptor agonist inducing cross-tolerance to histamine; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9810aminoalkylpyridine;
primary amine		histamine agonist;
metabolite
butyrylcholine chloride
[no description available]		2.1310
1-ethoxysilatrane
[no description available]		2.0410
monomethyl succinate
monomethyl succinate: RN given refers to parent cpd. monomethyl succinate : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is succinic acid in which one of the carboxy groups has been converted to its methyl ester.		3.7830dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate
ethyl protocatechuate
ethyl protocatechuate: structure. ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate : An ethyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid with ethanol. It is the anti-oxidative component of peanut seed testa.		2.0310catechols;
ethyl ester		antibacterial agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
1-benzylimidazole
1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase		2.1310
rivastigmine
[no description available]		3.8530carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		4.0840carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		4.0840indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		16.788736aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu
[no description available]		2.0810phosphate salt
benzamidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
chloropyramine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
6-aminoindazole
6-aminoindazole: depresses gastric acid secretion; structure given in first source		2.1310indazoles
methiin
methiin: distributed in Liliaceae(garlic, onions, etc.) & Cruciferae (cabbage, radish, etc.); one of greater sources of sulfur-containing amino acids in Japan; studied for nutritional value; increased splenic iron decrease erythrocyte counts; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.6830alpha-amino acid
bexarotene
[no description available]		3.6120benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
s20098
[no description available]		2.0810acetamides
flunisolide
flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones		2.733011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone
1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone: structure in first source		2.0210imidazoles
4-nitrophenylglucuronide
4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucuronide : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid having a 4-nitrophenyl substituent at the anomeric position.		2.0410beta-D-glucosiduronic acid;
C-nitro compound		chromogenic compound
acetaminophen glucuronide
acetaminophen glucuronide: acetaminophen metabolite in rats. acetaminophen O-beta-D-glucosiduronic acid : A beta-D-glucosiduronic acid that is the O-glucuronide of paracetamol (acetaminophen).		2.0410beta-D-glucosiduronic aciddrug metabolite
ketorolac tromethamine
Ketorolac Tromethamine: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used for analgesia for postoperative pain and inhibits cyclooxygenase activity.. ketorolac tromethamine : An organoammonium salt resulting from the mixture of equimolar amounts of ketorolac and tromethamine (tris). It has potent non-sedating analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects. It is used in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.		2.4620organoammonium saltanalgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		7.46141macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
3',5-dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid
3',5-dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source		1.9910
coenzyme a
[no description available]		1.9710adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphatecoenzyme;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-ethyl-8-methyl-2,8-diazaspiro(4,5)decane-1,3-dione
2-ethyl-8-methyl-2,8-diazaspiro(4,5)decane-1,3-dione: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810
2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfide
2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfide: thiation agent; structure in first source		2.0810
5-aminoindazole
[no description available]		2.1310
methionine sulfoximine
L-methionine sulfoximine : A methionine sulfoximine in which the amino group has S-stereochemistry.		2.0310L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-methionine derivative;
methionine sulfoximine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 6.3.1.2 (glutamate--ammonia ligase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
tretazicar
tretazicar: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search AZIRIDINES (75-84)		2.4420
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		4.241703-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
nsc-172755
butocin: S-substituted analog of mercaptopurine which functions as a cytostatic agent; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line search 6-MERCAPTOPURINE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search MERCAPTOPURINE/analogs (75-84)		2.0410
carbetapentane citrate
[no description available]		2.4420carbonyl compound
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		4.3522iditolfungal metabolite
moexipril
[no description available]		3.8430peptide
phentolamine mesylate
[no description available]		2.7530
streptovitacin a
streptovitacin A: structure		2.0410
friedelin
3-friedelanone: from the stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis; structure in first source. friedelin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork.		2.3110cyclic terpene ketone;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
plant metabolite
mephentermine
sphinganine : A 2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.		2.44202-aminooctadecane-1,3-diolEC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cadmium telluride
cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device		2.2110
oxybutynin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochloride
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.8110nucleoside triphosphate analogue
methylglucoside
[no description available]		210
gliquidone
gliquidone: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		6.97283isoquinolines
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.		3.25603',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
adenyl ribonucleotide;
aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound		protein kinase agonist
2-methylhippuric acid
2-methylhippuric acid: urinary metabolite of o-xylene. o-methylhippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the ortho-methyl derivative of hippuric acid.		2.1310N-acylglycinemetabolite
nimustine
nimustine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining nimustine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors.		2.0310hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent
chlorfluazuron
chlorfluazuron: chitin synthesis inhibitor		2.0810benzoylurea insecticide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine insecticide;
organofluorine insecticide
cordium
bepridil hydrochloride monohydrate : The hydrochloride monohydrate of bepridril.		2.0310hydrate;
hydrochloride
hexafluoron
hexafluoron: insect growth regulator against mosquito larva; the active agent in Sonet, a Russian product, is hexaflumuron. hexaflumuron : An N-acylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group, while a hycrogen attached to the other nitorgen is replaced by a 3,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl group.		2.0810aromatic ether;
benzoylurea insecticide;
dichlorobenzene;
N-acylurea;
organochlorine insecticide;
organofluorine insecticide
L-2-aminoadipic acid
L-2-aminoadipic acid : The L-enantiomer of 2-aminoadipic acid.		2.03102-aminoadipic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
prilocaine hydrochloride
prilocaine hydrochloride : The monohydrochloride salt of prilocaine.		2.7530hydrochloridelocal anaesthetic
adenosine 5'-methylenediphosphate
[no description available]		2.420nucleoside diphosphate analogue
levobupivacaine
Levobupivacaine: S-enantiomer of bupivacaine that is used as a local anesthetic and for regional nerve blocks, including EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA.. levobupivacaine : The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.		2.06101-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamideadrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
meclizine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
lekoptin
(S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.		2.03102-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
tarenflurbil
tarenflurbil: R-enantiomer of flurbiprofen but not a COX inhibitor; modulates NF-kB, gamma-secretase, amyloid beta-protein;		2.0310flurbiprofen
cb 10375
trimelamol: structure given in first source		2.0410
mor-14
N-methyldeoxynojirimycin: glucosidase inhibitor		2.0310hydroxypiperidine;
piperidine alkaloid;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
zofenopril
zofenopril: structure given in first source; SQ 26900 refers to K salt & SQ 26991 to Ca salt. zofenopril : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat.		3.7930aryl sulfide;
L-proline derivative;
N-acyl-L-amino acid;
thioester		anticonvulsant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug;
vasodilator agent
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.5820peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		5.1980amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
11-hydroxyprogesterone, (11alpha)-isomer
11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 11alpha-hydroxy steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11.		2.422011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid
brexanolone
brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.		2.44203-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-oneantidepressant;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
uvaol
uvaol: from Vauquelinia corymbosa (Rosaceae)		2.1310triterpenoidmetabolite
malic acid, (r)-isomer
(R)-malic acid : An optically active form of malic acid having (R)-configuration.		2.1310malic acid
21-deoxycortisol
21-deoxycortisol: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; structure. 21-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is 17xi-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 11 and an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17. It is a marker of virilizing adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency.		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
deoxycortisol;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite
estrone 3-methyl ether
estrone 3-methyl ether: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure		2.1310
e-250
[no description available]		2.1310
rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate
rac-glycerol 1-monodecanoate: a monoglyceride of capric acid. 1-monodecanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has decanoyl (capryl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monodecanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol composed of equal amounts of 3-decanoyl-sn-glycerol and 1-decanoyl-sn-glycerol.		2.1310rac-1-monoacylglycerol
firefly luciferin
Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.		2.42201,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
benzothiazoles;
imidothioate		luciferin
tyrphostin 8
tyrphostin 8: a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (a tyrphostin)		2.1310phenols
nipecotic acid amide
nipecotic acid amide: RN & N1 form 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotamide : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of nipecotic acid with ammonia.		2.1310piperidinecarboxamide
glutamic acid dimethyl ester
glutamic acid dimethyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer		2.3920glutamic acid derivative
glycylsarcosine
glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.		3.5220dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide
carbenicillin indanyl
carbenicillin indanyl: acid stable indanyl ester of carbenicillin for oral use; same side-effects as carbenicillin; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search CARBENICILLIN/AA (75-86); RN given refers to (mono-Na salt(2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer)		2.0410penicillin
phenylisopropyladenosine
[no description available]		2.4620aromatic amine;
benzenes;
hydrocarbyladenosine;
purine nucleoside;
secondary amino compound		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
levcromakalim
[no description available]		2.73301-benzopyran
hexamethonium chloride
[no description available]		2.0310
tachistin
tachistin: a synthetic analog of dihydrotachysterol		2.1310
cortisol octanoate
[no description available]		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
alpha-tocopherol phosphate
alpha-tocopherol phosphate: RN given refers to (2R*(4R*,8R*))-(+-)-isomer		2.0510
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		2.7830D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
cb 1837
CB 1837: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410
6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine
6-(4-nitrobenzylthio)guanosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport		2.4420
hexaphosphamide
hexaphosphamide: structure		2.0410
8-bromoadenosine
[no description available]		2.0210purine nucleoside
dipin
dipin: structure		2.0410
phosphazine
phosphazine: structure		2.0410
atherospermine
atherospermine: a dimethyl-amino-phenanthrene deriv of nuciferine; alkaloid of Atherosperma moschatum; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse with SPERMINE		1.9810alkaloid
5-iodotubercidin
7-iodotubercidin: inhibits Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase		1.9910organoiodine compound
benzoylphenylalanine
N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine : An N-acyl-L-phenylalanine that is L-phenylalanine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a benzoyl group.		1.99102-(benzoylamino)-3-phenylpropanoic acid;
N-acyl-L-phenylalanine
s-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione
S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione : A glutathione conjugate in which the thiol hydrogen of glutathione has been replaced by a 2,4-dinitrophenyl group.		2.0110glutathione conjugate
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. It is a partial agonist of GABAB receptors.		2.0310phosphonic acids;
primary amino compound;
zwitterion		GABAB receptor agonist
armepavine
[no description available]		2.1310
5'-n-methylcarboxamideadenosine
5'-N-methylcarboxamideadenosine: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer		2.0310
diiodobenzotepa
diiodobenzotepa: structure		2.0410
isosteviol
isosteviol: an antihyperglycemic agent; obtained by acid hydrolysis of stevioside; was indexed to steviol 1985-2007		2.1310diterpenoid
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine
3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine: potent & selective in vivo antagonist of adenosine analogs		3.0950
zpck
ZPCK: alkylates histidine residue at active center of bovine chymotrypsin		2.4420
icig 1163
ICIG 1163: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0410
bimolane
bimolane: structure given in first source		2.0410
thiodipin
thiodipin: structure		2.0410
n(6)-phenyladenosine
[no description available]		2.4720purine nucleoside
fluoxydine
fluoxydine: structure		2.0410
moxifloxacin hydrochloride
moxifloxacin hydrochloride : A hydrochloride comprising equimolar amounts of moxifloxacin and hydrogen chloride.		2.0810hydrochlorideantibacterial drug
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer		2.442021-hydroxy steroid
hecogenin acetate
hecogenin acetate: structure in first source		2.0810triterpenoid
imiphos
imiphos: structure		2.0410
n-methyladenosine
N-methyladenosine: is a inhibitor of cell differentiation. N(6)-methyladenosine : A methyladenosine compound with one methyl group attached to N(6) of the adenine nucleobase.		2.0310methyladenosine
hexylcaine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0710
2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile
2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile: a selective estrogen receptor beta agonist or modulator. also called DPN compound. 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile : A nitrile that is acetonitrile in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group while a second hydrogen is replaced by a 4-hydroxybenzyl group. It is a specific agonist for estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta).		2.1710nitrile;
phenols		estrogen receptor agonist
phenglutarimide
phenglutarimide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0510piperidines
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		3.3870cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine
p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.4320aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		metabolite
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		4.668017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
hydrogen sulfite
[no description available]		2.0310sulfur oxoanionhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source		3.3970polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
mizoribine
[no description available]		2.7730imidazolesanticoronaviral agent
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane
1-amino-1,3-dicarboxycyclopentane: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer		2.0310
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)-
Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.		2.9140heterodetic cyclic peptidedelta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122
1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.		3.1450aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
eudragit rl
[no description available]		2.3110
1,4-dihydropyridine
[no description available]		2.3920
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.7530beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
cremophor el
cremophor EL: solvent for Althesin & Propanidid implicated as possible cause of similar adverse effects polyethoxylated castor oil; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; see also records for cremophor & cremophor A		1.9810
quin2
Quin2: fluorescent highly selective Ca indicator, binding Ca 1:1; structure given in first source		2.3720
alphaxalone
alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure		4.0840corticosteroid hormone
sr141716
[no description available]		3.6590amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
s-nitrosoglutathione
[no description available]		2.4220glutathione derivative;
nitrosothio compound		bronchodilator agent;
nitric oxide donor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
signalling molecule
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		6.55141primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
bicuculline methiodide
[no description available]		2.1310
cp-55,940
[no description available]		2.4420
ecgonine methyl ester
ecgonine methyl ester: major metabolite of cocaine; RN given refers to parent cpd (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer. ecgonine methyl ester : The O-debenzoyl analogue of cocaine.		2.0610methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		analgesic;
central nervous system depressant;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
diacetyldichlorofluorescein
diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein		2.7330
vanoxerine
vanoxerine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of vanoxerine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.4420hydrochloridedopamine uptake inhibitor
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.		2.0510ether;
imidazoles;
monomethoxybenzene		TRP channel blocker
fluo-3
Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds		3.1250xanthene dyefluorochrome
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: structure given in first source		2.4420beta-carbolines
fpl 55712
FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors		2.0710aromatic ketone
paxilline
paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels.		3.2960diterpene alkaloid;
enone;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
terpenoid indole alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		anticonvulsant;
Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
geroprotector;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
fructose 2,6-diphosphate
fructose 2,6-diphosphate: phosphofructokinase activator synthesized via Mg-ATP & fructose-6-P. beta-D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric centre.		2.3820D-fructofuranose 2,6-bisphosphatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
selenomethionine		plant metabolite
cyanates
Cyanates: Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.. cyanates : Salts and esters of cyanic acid, HOC#N; compounds carrying the cyanate functional group -O-C#N.. isocyanates : Organonitrogen compounds that are derivatives of isocyanic acid; compounds containing the isocyanate functional group -N=C=O (as opposed to the cyanate group, -O-C#N).		2.0710
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: isolated from brain tissue & urine; extremely potent displacer of diazepam from brain benzodiazepam receptors; structure in first source		2.1310beta-carbolines
fura-2-am
fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2		2.110
u 69593
U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.		2.9240monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist
u 78517f
U 78517F: iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation inhibitor; structure given in first source; RN given is for diHCl		2.0510
cv 3988
CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4420
n,n-diallyl-tyrosyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid-phenylalanyl-leucine
[no description available]		2.4120
bremazocine
bremazocine: potent, log-acting opiate kappa-agonist & centrally acting analgesic; RN given refers to (2R)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0210
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source		2.4420beta-carbolines
sivelestat
sivelestat: inhibitor of neutrophil elastase; structure given in first source		2.0710N-acylglycine;
pivalate ester
22-hydroxycholesterol
[no description available]		2.7130cholanoid
aldophosphamide
aldophosphamide: metabolite of cyclophosphamide		2.0410nitrogen mustard
racecadotril
racecadotril: parenterally active enkephalinase inhibitor		2.4820N-acyl-amino acid
methoctramine
methoctramine: structure given in first source. methoctramine : A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.. methoctramine tetrahydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.		2.7430hydrochloridemuscarinic antagonist
1,1-dimethylheptyl-11-hydroxytetrahydrocannabinol
HU 211: structure given in first source; HU 211 is active & HU 210 is inactive as canibinoids; functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker; RN given is for (6aS-trans)-isomer		2.0710
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		3.8630alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
hypotaurine
[no description available]		2.0310aminosulfinic acid;
zwitterion		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tryptoline
tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.1310beta-carbolines
enkephalin, ser(2), leu(5), thr(6)-
enkephalin, Ser(2), Leu(5), Thr(6)-: specific probe for the delta-opiate receptor subtype in brain membranes		2.0110oligopeptide
procyanidin
Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.		2.0510proanthocyanidin
dihydrokainate
[no description available]		2.0310dicarboxylic acid
gabazine
[no description available]		2.0310
asulacrine
asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source		2.0410acridines
4-desmethoxyverapamil
[no description available]		1.9910
gamma-fagarine
gamma-fagarine: active alkaloid of Chinese medicines from Dictamni radicis cortex (Rutaceae); structure given in first source		2.1310organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
1,9-dideoxyforskolin
[no description available]		210acetate ester;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		plant metabolite
cl 218872
CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure		2.0310pyridazines;
ring assembly
betaxolol hydrochloride
betaxolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of betaxolol.		2.7530hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
catechin
(+)-catechin monohydrate : The monohydrate of (+)-catechin.		2.0310hydrategeroprotector
hydroxycotinine
hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		2.0410N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-(2-phthalimido)butyl)piperazine
NAN 190 hydrobromide : A hydrobromide obtained by reaction of NAN 190 with one equivalent of hydrobromic acid.		2.4420hydrobromideserotonergic antagonist
s-methylthiocitrulline
S-methylthiocitrulline: a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; structure in first source. S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline : An L-arginine derivative in which the guanidino NH2 group of L-arginine is replaced by a methylsufanyl group.		2.0310imidothiocarbamic ester;
L-arginine derivative;
L-ornithine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
fingolimod
fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.		2.0510aminodiol;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
CB1 receptor antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
dihydrocapsaicin
[no description available]		2.0310capsaicinoid
n(g)-iminoethylornithine
[no description available]		2.4720L-alpha-amino acid
quinaprilat
quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.		2.7430dicarboxylic acid;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
1h-indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1s,2r,3s)-
1H-Indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1S,2R,3S)-: an ET(A) and ET(B) endothelin receptor antagonist; structure in first source		210
Zearalanone
[no description available]		2.1310macrolide;
resorcinols
r 56865
R 56865: prevents electrical & mechanical signs of ouabain intoxication in guinea pig papillary muscle		2.940
ml 9
[no description available]		2.4820
2-hydroxyimipramine
2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520dibenzoazepine
parthenolide
[no description available]		2.4420germacranolide
tryptoquivaline
tryptoquivaline: tremor-producing metabolite from Aspergillus clavatus; tetrapeptide derived from tryptophan, anthranilic acid, valine, & methylalanine; structure & N1 names previously assigned to tryptoquivaline C & tryptoquivaline D found to be incorrect & are revised in third source; see also record for tryptoquivalone; structure in third source		2.4520
benzamil
[no description available]		3.2760guanidines;
pyrazines
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		2.4520acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
kt 5823
KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.		3.6390gamma-lactam;
hemiaminal;
indolocarbazole;
methyl ester;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		2.94402-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		6.29361
tadalafil
[no description available]		4.1140benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
precirol
precirol: octadecanoic acid esters; 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester mixed with 3-hydroxy-2-((1-oxohexadecyl)oxy)propyl octadienoate & 2-((1-oxohexadecyl)oxy)-1,3-propanediol; auxiliary in tableting; alpha glycerol palmitostearate		2.1310
st 587
St 587: clonidine derivative which is selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor stimulator with lipophilic properties; structure in first source		1.9810
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione
3,6-bis(5-chloro-2-piperidyl)-2,5-piperazinedione: isolated from Streptomyces griseoluteus fermentation broth; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0410
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil
3',4'-dichlorobenzamil: inhibits Na-Ca exchange in membrane vesicle & papillary muscle preparations from guinea pig heart		2.4420guanidines;
pyrazines
oxymatrine
oxysophoridine: an alkaloid isolated from Sophra alope; structure in first source		2.0410alkaloid;
tertiary amine oxide
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine
N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source		2.9440
ibuprofen, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310ibuprofen
thromboxanes
thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.		2.6830
opc 21268
OPC 21268: structure given in first source; vasopressin V1 receptor antagonist		2.6830
landiolol
landiolol: structure given in first source; a highly cardioselective ultra short-acting beta-blocker		2.0310morpholines
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane
1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane: structure given in first source; alkylthio acetic acid, non-beta-oxidizable		2.0310straight-chain fatty acid
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate
3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first source		2.4320purine ribonucleoside triphosphate
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		3.59201,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid
2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid: amino acid analog; releases insulin; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610monoterpenoid
2-iodomelatonin
[no description available]		2.0310acetamides
nitisinone
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
cyclohexanones;
mesotrione		EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
plavix
[no description available]		2.0810azaheterocycle sulfate salt;
organoammonium sulfate salt		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
butethamate citrate
[no description available]		2.1310
arcaine, sulfate
[no description available]		2.0310
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
asiatic acid
[no description available]		2.110monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
triol		angiogenesis modulating agent;
metabolite
clofarabine
[no description available]		3.8730adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol
4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol: structure in first source		2.1310piperidines
cd 349
CD 349: structure given in first source		1.9710
elacridar
Elacridar: inhibitor of MDR1 PROTEIN; structure given in first source		2.7630
gr 113808
GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.		2.7630indolyl carboxylate ester;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		serotonergic antagonist
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		2.3920fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,1,2-trichloroethanol
1,1,2-trichloroethanol: metabolite of 1,1,2-trichloroethylene		2.0410
gallopamil hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
gamma-glutamylaminomethylsulfonic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
buthionine sulfoximine
L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine : A 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid which has S-configuration. It is a inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and is capable of enhancing the apoptotic effects of several chemotherapeutic agents.		2.44202-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acidEC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		4.5940benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
mosapride
4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.		2.4620aromatic ether;
benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound
valdecoxib
[no description available]		3.6120isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
histamine dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
hydroquinidine
hydroquinidine: urinary quinine metabolite; RN given refers to (9S)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4703		2.0110cinchona alkaloid
293b cpd
6-cyano-4-(N-ethylsulfonyl-N-methylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromane: RN given for (trans-(+-))-isomer		2.42201-benzopyran
y 26763
Y 26763: structure given in first source; an active metabolite of Y 27152		4.181701-benzopyran
sb 204070a
SB 204070A: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist		2.4420
mitiglinide
mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source		5.31170benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
ezogabine
ezogabine: structure in first source. ezogabine : A substituted aniline that is benzene-1,2,4-triamine bearing ethoxycarbonyl and 4-fluorobenzyl substituents at positions N-1 and N-4 respectively. An anticonvulsant used to treat seizures associated with epilepsy in adults.		2.1310carbamate ester;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anticonvulsant;
potassium channel modulator
fpl-52694
FPL-52694: mast cell stabilizer; RN given refers to parent cpd; FPL-52694 is mono-Na salt; structure given in first source		2.0710
alliin
alliin: nutritional supplement in diet; possible therapeutic use in anemia and splenic hypertrophy; structure. alliin : An L-alanine derivative in which one of the methyl hydrogens of L-alanine has been replaced by an (S)-allylsulfinyl group.		2.9140alpha-amino acid
1-(2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl)-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine
LY 165163: structure given in first source; a serotonin agonist. LY-165163 : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl and 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl groups at positions 1 and 4, respectively. It is a selective 5-HT1A serotonin receptor agonist and 5-HT1D serotonin receptor antagonist.		2.4420(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
primary arylamine;
substituted aniline		geroprotector;
serotonergic agonist
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate: structure given in first source		3.0540
methylthio-adp
[no description available]		2.7430
nip 121
NIP 121: structure given in first source		3.5990
pd 81723
PD 81723: adenosine binding enhancer; structure given in first source		1.9910
bms 180448
BMS 180448: a potassium channel opener with cardioprotective and vasodilator properties; BMS-180426 is enantiomer with no antiischemic activity; structure in first source		3.87120
l 655240
L 655240: thromboxane and prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; RN given is for parent cpd		2.0310methylindole
bw a1433u
BW A1433U: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist; attenuates hypoxia-induced AH interval prolongation; derivative of 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine		1.9910
saclofen
saclofen: GABA-A receptor antagonist		2.4320organochlorine compound
sch 34826
Sch 34826: structure given in first source		210
4-(n-(iodoacetoxy)ethyl-n-methyl)amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole
4-(N-(iodoacetoxy)ethyl-N-methyl)amino-7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole: fluorescent probe		2.0110
san 58035
[no description available]		2.4420
tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide
tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide: dermorphin analog		2.0110
kallidin, des-arg(10)-
kallidin, des-Arg(10)-: includes both L and D isomers of Phe(8)		2.0810
dansylsarcosine
[no description available]		2.0510
pd 128042
PD 128042: structure given in first source		210anilide
ud cg 212 cl
UD CG 212 Cl: pimobendan metabolite; structure given in first source		1.9810
procyanidin b2
procyanidin B2 : A proanthocyanidin consisting of two molecules of (-)-epicatechin joined by a bond between positions 4 and 8' in a beta-configuration. Procyanidin B2 can be found in Cinchona pubescens (Chinchona, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon, in the rind, bark and cortex), in Crataegus monogyna (Common hawthorn, in the flower and blossom), in Uncaria guianensis (Cat's claw, in the root), in Vitis vinifera (Common grape vine, in the leaf), in Litchi chinensis (litchi, in the pericarp), in the apple, in Ecdysanthera utilis and in red wine.		2.0510biflavonoid;
hydroxyflavan;
polyphenol;
proanthocyanidin		antioxidant;
metabolite
n-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-n-methyl-4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1h-purin-8-yl)benzenesulfonamide
N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N-methyl-4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purin-8-yl)benzenesulfonamide: structure given in first source; purinergic receptor antagonist		2.3920
1,3-dimethylbenzimidazoline-2-thione
1,3-dimethylbenzimidazoline-2-thione: structure given in first source		2.1310
peroxynitrous acid
Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).		3.2960nitrogen oxoacid
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		2.7430methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		4.0740indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
tecastemizole
[no description available]		2.4320
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.7530bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib
[no description available]		5.2990aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n-(n-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine
N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine: inhibits calcium-activated neutral protease; see also record for E-64; RN given refers to (2-S-(2alpha,3beta)(R*)-isomer)		2.1310leucine derivative
mk 912
[no description available]		2.0510
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine
N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.		2.9740adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound		adenosine A3 receptor agonist
7,8-(methylenedioxy)-14-hydroxyberbane
7,8-(methylenedioxy)-14-hydroxyberbane: structure given in first source		1.9910
nnc 711
NNC 711: structure in first source		2.0310
deltorphin ii, ala(2)-
deltorphin II, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors		2.7130
p(3)-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine 5'-triphosphate
P(3)-1-(2-nitro)phenylethyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: inert toward Na pump; can be incorporated into vesicles & on continuous irradiation forms ATP; structure given in first source		1.9810
2-chloro-n(6)cyclopentyladenosine
2-chloro-N(6)cyclopentyladenosine: highly selective agonist at A1 adenosine receptors		3.2660
n,n-dimethylarginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.		3.4211dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
ramatroban
[no description available]		2.4720organic molecular entity
tak 044
TAK 044: endothelin receptor antagonist		1.9810
rmi 12330a
RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure		1.9910
bq 610
BQ 610: endothelin A receptor antagonist; endothelin-1 antagonist		2.0110
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-N,N-diethylbenzamide: a highly-selective, nonpeptide delta opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source		2.4420diarylmethane
6-methoxy-n-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium
6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium: structure given in first source		2.0610
mci 154
MCI 154: structure given in UD 38:41n		210
n-cyano-n'-(2-nitroxyethyl)-3-pyridinecarboximidamide methanesulfonate
N-cyano-N'-(2-nitroxyethyl)-3-pyridinecarboximidamide methanesulfonate: structure given in first source		4.23180
sk&f 86466
benalfocin: RN & RR given from first source; RN not in Chemline 9/28/83; structure given in first source		2.0510benzazepine
e 64
E 64: cysteine protease inhibitor of microbial origin, which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1) and cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.-)		2.4420dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
guanidines;
L-leucine derivative;
zwitterion		antimalarial;
antiparasitic agent;
protease inhibitor
fraxinellone
fraxinellone: structure given in first source; RN given for (3R-cis)-isomer		1.98102-benzofurans
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		3.930benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
6-bromo-8-methylaminoimidazo(1,2-a)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile
6-bromo-8-methylaminoimidazo(1,2-a)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile: a smooth muscle relaxant that opens potassium channels		2.3920
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: activates neuronal metabotropic receptors; RN given refers to (trans-isomer); RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/93		2.0310
2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine
2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine: structure given in first source		1.9910dihydroxypyrrolidine
2-pyrazinoylguanidine
2-pyrazinoylguanidine: inhibits secretion of urea by kidney tubules		1.9910
w 7
[no description available]		2.0510
solutol hs 15
Solutol HS 15: multidrug resistance modification agent in tumor cells; polyoxyethylene esters of 12-hydroxystearic acid; previous RN 105109-85-1		2.0710aliphatic alcohol
desvenlafaxine
O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.		3.2310cyclohexanols;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol		3.2760
6-methoxy-n-ethylquinolinium
6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium: fluorescent indicator for cytosolic chloride; structure given in first source		2.0110
pre 084
2-(4-morpholino)ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexane-1-carboxylate: structure given in first source		2.4420morpholines
iremycin
iremycin: anthracycline antibiotic from Streptomyces violaceus subsp. iremyceticus; RN given refers to parent cpd(7R-trans)-isomer		2.0410
methotrexate
[no description available]		6.05210dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol
1-(2-allylphenoxy)-3-((8-bromoacetylamino-4-menthane-1-yl)amino)-1-propanol: irreversibly inactivates the dihydroalprenolol binding site; alprenolol analog; isopropylamino group of alprenolol replaced by 8-bromoacetylamino-1-amino-p-menthane moiety in the 1 position; structure given in first source		2.4420
n,n'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine
N,N'-bis((2-chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl)cystamine: structure given in first source		2.0410
hainanensine
hainanensine: structure in first source		2.0410
n-(5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl)sulfonyl)-n'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea
N-(5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl)sulfonyl)-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea: a second generation diarylsulfonylurea; structure given in first source		1.9910
bmy 45778
BMY 45778: structure given in first source; partial prostacyclin agonist		1.9910bisoxazolepartial prostacyclin agonist
pseudomonas aeruginosa autoinducer
Pseudomonas aeruginosa autoinducer: autoinducer required for expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence genes; structure given in first source. N-(3-oxododecanoyl)homoserine lactone : A N-acyl homoserine lactone that is the monocarboxylic acid amide arising from formal condensation of homoserine lactone with 3-oxododecanoic acid.		2.1710N-acyl homoserine lactone
sr 2640
SR 2640: leukotriene D4 and E4 antagonist		2.4420quinolines
dihydroethidium
dihydroethidium: RN given is for the (+-)-isomer		2.4220
n(g)-nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide
N(G)-nitroarginine-4-nitroanilide: anti-nociceptive agent in the mouse		1.9910
xaliproden
xaliproden : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-naphthyl)ethyl group and at position 4 by a m-trifluoromethylphenyl group.		2.0710(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrahydropyridine		serotonergic agonist
tamsulosin
[no description available]		4.08405-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
rufinamide
rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source		3.2310aromatic amide;
heteroarene
sdz pco 400
SDZ PCO 400: a potassium channel opening drug		3.38701-benzopyran
ici 204448
[no description available]		2.0310
antiprimod
azaspirane: structure given in first source		2.0510
n-isobutyrylcysteine
N-isobutyrylcysteine: RN given refers to L-isomer		2.0710
way 120491
WAY 120491: RN given refers to the (3S-trans)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 3/91		2.3820
sulbactam
[no description available]		2.9740penicillanic acids
ersentilide
ersentilide: has class II & III activities; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure given in first source; CK-4000 (S- isomer); CK-4001 (R- isomer)		2.3920
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		5.6551biphenyls
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		3.620amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
brl 55834
BRL 55834: potassium channel activator		1.9810
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		3.2310sulfonamideprodrug
ki 1769
Ki 1769: a phenethyl derivative of KRN2391; structure given in first source		2.6830
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride
4-amino-1-(6-chloro-2-pyridyl)piperidine hydrochloride: has high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT3 receptors; structure given in first source		2.0310
verticine
verticine: structure		2.0310alkaloid
sr 47063
SR 47063: a K(ATP) channel opener		2.420
bmy 42393
BMY 42393: partial prostacyclin agonist		1.9910
2h-1,4-benzoxazine, 3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-6-nitro-4-(2-pyridinyl)-, n-oxide
2H-1,4-benzoxazine, 3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-6-nitro-4-(2-pyridinyl)-, N-oxide: structure given in first source; a potassium channel opener		3.0950
quilostigmine
quilostigmine: RN given for (3aS,cis)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710pyrroloindole
n,n-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide
N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide: binds with high affinity to glial mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptors & increases mitochondrial steroidogenesis		2.4420phenylindole
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (505-511)
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (505-511): synthetic peptide deduced from the sequence corresponding to positions 505 to 511 of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator		2.0110
4-(benzodioxan-5-yl)-1-(indan-2-yl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.0510
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist		2.4720
omega-n-methylarginine
omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.		6.33371amino acid zwitterion;
arginine derivative;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
abiraterone
[no description available]		2.08103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
pyridines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor
8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine
8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-((4-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl)oxy)propyl)-1-propylxanthine: structure given in first source		2.4420
4-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoate
4-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoate: chloride channel antagonist		210
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate
[no description available]		2.4620
imiloxan
[no description available]		2.0710benzodioxine
l 741626
3-(4-(4-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidino)methyl)indole: structure in first source		2.4420piperidines
8-chloroadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate
8-chloroadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate: inhibits growth of human cancer cells; the Rp-isomer is more potent than the Sp-isomer; RN given refers to the (S)- isomer		1.9910
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		4.45301,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol
(R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.		2.04102-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
sg 209
SG 209: structure given in first source		2.9140pyridinecarboxamide
nisoxetine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
aspartame
[no description available]		2.0710carboxylic acid;
dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
methyl ester		apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
pomalidomide
3-aminophthalimidoglutarimide: structure in first source		2.1310aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.0310hydrochlorideEC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
tilarginine acetate
[no description available]		2.0310
alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid
alpha-guanidinoglutaric acid: identified in the convulsive period of cobalt-induced seizures from cat cerebral cortex; RN given for cpd with unspecified guanidino-locant		2.0310L-glutamic acid derivative
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-(+-)-isomer
[no description available]		2.7530
tempol
[no description available]		2.0710aminoxyls;
hydroxypiperidine		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
catalyst;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger
ritrosulfan
ritrosulfan: RN given refers to parent cpd(R*,S*)-isomer; structure		2.0410
imidazole-4-acetic acid hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		1.9510amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae
Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.		2.0110
2-(1-octynyl)adenosine
YT 146: an adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source		2.6830
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		3.57201-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
lexapro
Lexapro: Trade name of escitalopram, the active S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram.		2.0810
kinetensin
kinetensin: nonapeptide with neurotensin-like immunoreactivity; isolated from pepsin-treated human plasma. kinetensin : An oligopeptide comprising of nine amino acids with sequence L-Ile-L-Ala-L-Arg-L-Arg-L-His-L-Pro-L-Tyr-L-Phe-L-Leu. It was originally isolated from pepsin-treated human plasma and shares some sequence homology with the C-terminal end of neurotensin. It is a potent histamine releaser and may serve as an inflammatory mediator.		2.1310oligopeptidehistamine releasing agent;
human metabolite
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel
[no description available]		2.9540hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.8730secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
irofulven
irofulven: structure in first source		2.0410cyclohexenones
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		4.6440carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872
YM 872: structure in first source		2.0410
tariquidar
[no description available]		3.1510benzamides
kc 399
KC 399: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener		2.3920
nsc-141549
[no description available]		2.4420
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		5.681409-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		4.140azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		3.5820carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
n-methylglucosamine
N-methylglucosamine: RN given refers to (D)-isomer		2.0210
quebrachitol
quebrachitol: RN given refers to (D-chiro)-isomer		2.0410cyclohexanols
dx 8951
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		4.0740amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cilomilast
[no description available]		2.7430methoxybenzenes
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		3.8630benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		3.1150
tezosentan
tezosentan: structure in first source		2.4520
vatalanib
[no description available]		2.0710monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
dichloro-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum complex
[no description available]		2.1310
1,4-di(2'-thienyl)-1,4-butadione
1,4-di(2'-thienyl)-1,4-butadione: structure given in first source		2.1310
sabarubicin
sabarubicin: structure given in first source		2.0410
2-chloro-2-deoxyglucose
[no description available]		2.0310
damvar
damvar: structure		2.0410
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		4.85100aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
pralnacasan
pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source		4.1420
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		3.8630dihydropyridine
jtt 501
JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source		2.0510
solifenacin
[no description available]		4.0840isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.		3.2310methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetateadrenergic agent
hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.		2.0710tropane alkaloid
idazoxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
phorbols
Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).		2.8940diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
isoguvacine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
desmethylcarvedilol
desmethylcarvedilol: metabolite of carvedilol; structure given in first source		2.1510carbazoles
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		3.1450morpholines
8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine: inhibitor of phosphodiesterase I		2.0310oxopurine
dehydrocrotonin
dehydrocrotonin: a 19-nor-clerodane diterpene; isolated from the bark of Croton cajucara; structure given in first source		1.9910
disopyramide, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		5.34170methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
alpha-methylhistamine
(R)-alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position (the R-enantiomer).		2.4720aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		H3-receptor agonist
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		3.88120oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
lactitol
lactitol : A glycosyl alditol consisting of beta-D-galactopyranose and D-glucitol joined by a 1->4 glycosidic bond. It is used as a laxative, as an excipient, and as replacement bulk sweetener in some low-calorie foods.		2.0710glycosyl alditolcathartic;
excipient;
laxative
lubiprostone
[no description available]		3.5820
methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride
methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of methyl 5-aminolevulinate. A prodrug, it is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photosensitizer, and is used in the photodynamic treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer (including basal cell carcinoma). Topical application results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in the skin lesions to which the cream has been applied. Subsequent illumination with red light results in the generation of toxic singlet oxygen that destroys cell membranes and thereby kills the tumour cells.		2.1310hydrochlorideantineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug
isradipine, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
olmesartan
olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866		3.5520biphenylyltetrazoleangiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
antazoline phosphate
[no description available]		2.1310
telbivudine
[no description available]		3.6120pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
homonojirimycin
homonojirimycin: inhibits alpha-glucosidase; RN given for (2R-(2alpha,3alpha,4beta,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure in first source		1.9910
mdl 74156
hydrodolasetron: active metabolite of dolasetron		2.0610
carboxytolbutamide
carboxytolbutamide: metabolite of tolbutamide		2.6630sulfonamide
cyc 202
seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.		2.74302,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
Serotonin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310tryptamines
n-phthaloylglutamic acid
N-phthaloyl-L-glutamic acid : A glutamic acid derivative that is L-glutamic acid in which the two hydrogens on the amino group are substituted by a phthaloyl group.		2.0310L-glutamic acid derivative;
phthalimides
benzo-tepa
benzo-tepa: structure		2.0410
tevenel
tevenel: sulfamoyl analog of D-threo-chloramphenicol; structure		2.0410sulfonamide
13,14-dihydroprostaglandin e1
13,14-dihydroprostaglandin E1: a PGE1 metabolite		1.9810prostanoid
ampelopsin
ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.1310dihydromyricetin;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine
1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine: structure given in first source		2.4220
ag 3-5
icilin: a cooling compound that activates TRPM8		2.0310C-nitro compound
fpl 52757
FPL 52757: FPL 52758 is Na salt of FPL 52757; structure in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0710
isovitexin
[no description available]		2.2110C-glycosyl compound;
trihydroxyflavone		EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
tac 278
TAC 278: prodrug of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.0410
substance p, sar(9)-met(o2)(11)-
substance P, Sar(9)-Met(O2)(11)-: a neurokinin-1 receptor agonist		2.0510
l 659066
vatinoxan: structure given in first source		3.9321
abanoquil
[no description available]		2.0410
tetraphenylphosphonium
tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.		2.3920heteroorganic entity;
phosphorus molecular entity;
polyatomic cation
pridinol mesylate
[no description available]		2.1310
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		3.8730amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		3.5820antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe
[no description available]		2.0510monoterpenoid
n-n-propylnorapomorphine
[no description available]		2.0310aporphine alkaloid
urapidil monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
boswellic acid
boswellic acid: ursane type; RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta)-isomer; active principle of salai guggal; see also record for salai guggal		7.1310triterpenoid
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		2.7330dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
azepexole, dihydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.		3.6320corticosteroid hormone
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		4.3830
2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.0510biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
(4r)-3-((2s)-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl)-4- thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.0410
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		6.51252amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
abt 980
[no description available]		2.4420
fiduxosin
fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source		3.2310
campesterol
campesterol: RN refers to (3beta,24R)-isomer; structure		2.03103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C28-steroid;
phytosterols		mouse metabolite
fpl 59257
FPL 59257: abolishes cough response & partly inhibits bronchoconstriction produced by leukotrienes C & D		2.0710
sk&f 75670
SK&F 75670: RN refers to HBr; N-methyl derivative of SK&F 38393		2.4420
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		6.33490
ly 97241
LY 97241: clofilium analog; blocks heart potassium channels; structure given in first source		2.0610
esatenolol
esatenolol : The (S)-enantiomer of atenolol.		2.0310atenololbeta-adrenergic antagonist
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		4.5470piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
sb 203580
[no description available]		2.0210imidazoles;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
nbi 27914
[no description available]		2.4420dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
sb 216763
[no description available]		2.7330indoles;
maleimides
zm 241385
ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor		2.4320diamino-1,3,5-triazine
erlotinib
[no description available]		4.850aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
erlotinib hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
protein kinase inhibitor
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		2.0110divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
zeneca zd 6169
Zeneca ZD 6169: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener; structure given in first source		3.6190
dexketoprofen trometamol
dexketoprofen trometamol: a water-soluble tromethamine salt of the racemic ketoprofen, rac(+-)-ketoprofen		2.110
dioclein
dioclein: isolated from the plant Dioclea grandiflora		210
enrasentan
enrasentan: decreases ischemic brain injury; an endothelin A and B receptor antagonist; structure in first source. enrasentan : A member of the class of indanes that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene which is substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group, carboxy group, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl group and a propoxy group at positions 1S, 2R, 3S and 5, respectively. It is an orally active mixed endothelin A/B receptor antagonist with a 100-fold greater affinity for the endothelin A receptor. The drug was being developed by GSK for the treatment of congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension (clinical trials discontinued).		2.0210aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
indanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
monomethoxybenzene;
primary alcohol		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
dizocilpine
[no description available]		2.0510secondary amino compound;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
ketoprofen
[no description available]		2.0310
(R)-atenolol
(R)-atenolol : The (R)-enantiomer of atenolol.		2.0310atenolol
cacalol
cacalol: a sesquiterpene contained in Cacalia delphiniifolia Sleb et Zucc; structure in first source		2.0510
memantine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
l 158809
L 158809: RN & structure given in first source; angiotensin receptor antagonist		2.3920
melagatran
[no description available]		2.9640azetidines;
carboxamidine;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
sibenadet
sibenadet: structure in first source		2.0710
propargylglycine
propargylglycine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		4.84120
pefabloc
[no description available]		2.0310
emd 60263
EMD 60263: a thiadiazinone derivative; a Ca+2 sensitizer devoid of any phosphorodiesterase inhibiting properties; EMD 60264 is an enantiomer of EMD 60263; structure given in second source		2.0610
8-tert-butyl-6,7-dihydropyrrolo(3,2-e)-5-methylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile
8-tert-butyl-6,7-dihydropyrrolo(3,2-e)-5-methylpyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile: structure given in first source		2.8940
pongidae
[no description available]		2.4420
2-methylthioadenosine 5'-monophosphate
[no description available]		2.0510
deflazacort
deflazacort: structure		2.0410corticosteroid hormone
hexestrol diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0410
carbocysteine
Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.0410L-cysteine thioether;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		mucolytic
etravirine
[no description available]		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
succinylproline
[no description available]		2.0310N-acyl-amino acid
latrepirdine
latrepirdine: structure		2.0710methylpyridines;
pyridoindole		geroprotector
sb 205384
SB 205384: structure in first source		2.4420thienopyridine
5-fluorotryptamine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
hydrastine
[no description available]		2.4420isoquinolinesmetabolite
piribedil mesylate
[no description available]		2.1310
gabaculine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
glucovance
Glucovance: Glyburide/metformin (Glucovance) for type 2 diabetes		15.9266
etiron monohydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.0510acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
serc
[no description available]		2.1310
muraglitazar
muraglitazar: has glucose- and lipid-lowering activities; structure in first source; molecule composed of benzyloxazole-phenoxy-oxybenzylglycine-phenoxyl having structural analogy to PHENOXYBENZAMINE		9.35111,3-oxazoles
procyclidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310hydrochloride
dronedarone
Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.92301-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tesaglitazar
tesaglitazar: structure in first source		2.9640
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		3.8830indanes
lapatinib
[no description available]		5.3260furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bmy 7378
[no description available]		2.0310
vesamicol
[no description available]		2.0310
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		3.2310carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		3.8730benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
bms204352
BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source		4.0540
fosfluconazole
fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole		2.0410conazole antifungal drug;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		prodrug
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.8730benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		3.6120benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		5.1170(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
(7R)-7,15,17-trihydroxy-11-methyl-12-oxabicyclo[12.4.0]octadeca-1(14),15,17-trien-13-one
[no description available]		2.1310macrolide
lenalidomide
[no description available]		3.6120aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
regadenoson
[no description available]		3.2310purine nucleoside
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.6120N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606
traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4520
demecolcine
Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.		2.0410alkaloid;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.743012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
deoxycholic acid
Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.		2.730bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human blood serum metabolite
estradiol 3-benzoate
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol.		2.021017beta-hydroxy steroid;
benzoate ester		estrogen receptor agonist;
xenoestrogen
cortisone
[no description available]		2.763011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
equilin
Equilin: An estrogenic steroid produced by HORSES. It has a total of four double bonds in the A- and B-ring. High concentration of euilin is found in the URINE of pregnant mares.		2.131017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid
adrenosterone
adrenosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene carrying three oxo-substituents at positions 3, 11 and 17.		2.131011-oxo steroid;
17-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
marine metabolite
gossypol acetic acid
[no description available]		2.1310
pyrene-1-aldehyde
pyrene-1-aldehyde: RN given refers to cpd with aldehyde group in position 1		1.9610
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		5.81422-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
epinastine
dexamethasone acetate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
sodium sulfide
sodium sulfide: see also record for sodium bisulfide; actisoufre is the sodium sulfide component of sulfur-containing thermal springs which is also found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae		2.9940
benzatropine methanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.1310
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		3.8730acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
4',6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone
4',6-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxyflavone : A dimethoxyflavone that is the 5,7-dimethyl ether derivative of scutellarein.		2.1310dihydroxyflavone;
dimethoxyflavone
2-hydroxyestradiol
2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.		2.131017beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-hydroxy steroid		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug
medrysone
[no description available]		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
artisone acetate
[no description available]		2.1310corticosteroid hormone
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		2.7430organic sulfate saltantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		3.71100
chondocurine (1beta)-(+-)-isomer
curine: structure in first source		2.1310aromatic ether
benzarone
benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure		3.59201-benzofurans
nsc-89199
estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.		2.7430carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid phosphate
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		4.064017beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
n-methylserotonin oxalate salt
[no description available]		2.0310
cyclovirobuxine d
cyclovirobuxine D: active priciple of Buxus microphylla var. sinica; has anti-arrhythmic & arrhythmia-inducing actions		2.0310
nsc 95397
[no description available]		2.44201,4-naphthoquinones
withaferin a
withaferin A: an antiestrogen and phytogenic antineoplastic agent isolated from leaves of Withania somnifera Dun.; structure. withaferin A : A withanolide that is 5,6:22,26-diepoxyergosta-2,24-diene-1,26-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 27 (the 4beta,5beta,6beta,22R stereoisomer). Isolated from Physalis longifolia, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.		3.351027-hydroxy steroid;
4-hydroxy steroid;
delta-lactone;
enone;
epoxy steroid;
ergostanoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
withanolide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
phenethicillin
phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.		2.7430penicillin allergen;
penicillin
noscapine
Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.		2.4520aromatic ether;
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
isobenzofuranone;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
indicine-n-oxide
indicine-N-oxide: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,7(2R*,3S*),7abeta))-isomer; structure		2.0410
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		2.0510alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin
[no description available]		2.0410isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
4-methoxyxanthone
4-methoxyxanthone: a vasodilator; structure in first source		2.1310
wortmannin
[no description available]		3.97130acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
2-methyl-N-[4-(propan-2-ylamino)phenyl]-2-propenamide
[no description available]		2.1310amine
withanolides
Withanolides: Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects.		3.3510
sorbinil
sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.		2.1110azaspiro compound;
chromanes;
imidazolidinone;
organofluorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		4.0750
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.0510carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
taurochenodeoxycholic acid
Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.		2.9340bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bortezomib
[no description available]		4.0840amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
calcein am
calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.		2.45202-benzofurans;
acetate ester;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		5.891201,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
tryptoquivaline
fumitremorgin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid produced by several fungi. A potent and specific inhibitor of the breast cancer resistance protein multidrug transporter.		4.1420aromatic ether;
indole alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor;
mycotoxin
nexavar
[no description available]		2.0510organosulfonate salt
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		4.55250
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		2.1110
carboplatin
[no description available]		2.0410
rimiterol
rimiterol: was heading 1977-94 (see under CATECHOLS 1977-90); use CATECHOLS to search RIMITEROL 1977-94; predominantly a beta 2 stimulant, therefore affects the cardiovascular system less than isoproterenol, but its action is of shorter duration than that of albuterol		2.4320catechols
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		3.2760inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		9.77310
n-acetylneuraminic acid
N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.		3.8821N-acetylneuraminic acidsantioxidant;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bradykinin
[no description available]		4.97380oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
canavanine
L-canavanine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-homoserine substituted at oxygen with a guanidino (carbamimidamido) group. Although structurally related to L-arginine, it is non-proteinogenic.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		9.29124D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
elastin
[no description available]		2.4420oligopeptide
raffinose
Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.		1.9910raffinose family oligosaccharide;
trisaccharide		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		3.3160(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
hydroxytryptophan : A hydroxy-amino acid that is tryptophan substituted by at least one hydroxy group at unspecified position.. 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan : The L-enantiomer of 5-hydroxytryptophan.		2.03105-hydroxytryptophan;
amino acid zwitterion;
hydroxy-L-tryptophan;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		5.25160heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		2.6830myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		6.4556011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
salicin
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic primary alcohol;
aryl beta-D-glucoside;
benzyl alcohols		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
puromycin
[no description available]		1.9510puromycinsantiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor;
nucleoside antibiotic;
protein synthesis inhibitor
taxifolin
(+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.		2.0410taxifolinmetabolite
mandelic acid, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.1310(2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
mandelic acid
tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone
Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone.		2.4720alpha-chloroketone;
sulfonamide		alkylating agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		4.0740coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
monoiodotyrosine
Monoiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of tyrosine. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE), tyrosine is first iodized to monoiodotyrosine.. iodotyrosine : A tyrosine derivative which has at least one iodo-substituent on the benzyl moiety.. monoiodotyrosine : An iodotyrosine carrying a single iodo substituent.. 3-iodo-L-tyrosine : The monoiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying an iodo-substituent at position C-3 of the benzyl group.		2.4520amino acid zwitterion;
L-tyrosine derivative;
monoiodotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
taurolithocholic acid
Taurolithocholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurolithocholic acid : The bile acid taurine conjugate of lithocholic acid.		2.9440bile acid taurine conjugate;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
nitroarginine
Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.		6.89880guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
willardiine
willardiine: isolated from seeds of Acacia willariana; structure. 3-(uracil-1-yl)-L-alanine : The 3-(uracil-1-yl) derivative of L-alanine.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
L-alanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur.		2.0110nucleoside triphosphate analogue
cortodoxone
Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.		2.7530deoxycortisol;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pelargonidin
pelargonidin: influences flower phenotype. pelargonidin : An anthocyanidin cation that is flavylium substituted by a hydroxy groups at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'.		1.98105-hydroxyanthocyanidinplant metabolite
leucocyanidin
leucocyanidin: derived from dihydro-quercetin and a precursor to cyanidin; for treatment of hemorroids		1.9810(2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin;
leucocyanidin
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		2.0510monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		6.8330cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		4.4160alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		4.4601-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
monensin
Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.		2.9240cyclic hemiketal;
monocarboxylic acid;
polyether antibiotic;
spiroketal		antifungal agent;
coccidiostat;
ionophore
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		4.0640beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		5.26121cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		6.34150L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pentazocine
Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)		1.9510benzazocine
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		3.8530acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium
Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.04103alpha-hydroxy steroid;
acetate ester;
androstane;
morpholines;
quaternary ammonium ion;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.78502,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		3.1450
acebutolol hydrochloride
acebutolol hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of acebutolol, prepared using equimolar amounts of acebutolol and hydrogen chloride.		2.1310hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
trimethaphan camsylate
trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.		2.0510
perindopril erbumine
[no description available]		2.0810addition compoundantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
miglitol
[no description available]		9.57124piperidines
amiodarone hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530aromatic ketone
dicyclomine hydrochloride
dicyclomine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of dicyclomine. An anticholinergic, it is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		2.7530hydrochlorideantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
metyrosine
alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.		3.8430L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
rocuronium bromide
rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.4520organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
nortriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530organic tricyclic compoundgeroprotector
erythromycin estolate
Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.		2.9840aminoglycoside sulfate salt;
erythromycin derivative		enzyme inhibitor
paromomycin sulfate
paromomycin sulfate : An aminoglycoside sulfate salt resulting from the treatment of paromomycin with sulfuric acid. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		2.0310
terconazole
terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source. terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).. (2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively.		2.02101-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine
bacampicillin
bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.		2.4320penicillanic acid esterprodrug
linezolid
[no description available]		4.5470acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
(S)-bicalutamide
(S)-bicalutamide : A N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide that is the (S)-enantiomer of bicalutamide.		2.0710N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide
phalloidine
Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.		2.420homodetic cyclic peptide
ryanodine
Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.		3.86120
2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone
2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone: from Aquilaria sinensis; structure given in first source. 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone : A member of the class of chromones that is chromone which is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group at position 2. It is found in agarwood, a fragrant resinous heartwood obtained from certain trees in the genus Aquilaria.		2.2110benzenes;
chromones		plant metabolite
phorbol
phorbol: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9b beta))-isomer; synonym isophorbol refers to (4a alpha)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7143. phorbol : A diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions.		2.3820cyclic ketone;
enone;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid
stevioside
stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.		7.7230beta-D-glucoside;
bridged compound;
diterpene glycoside;
ent-kaurane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
sweetening agent
angustibalin
angustibalin: sesquiterpene lactone from Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) Robins; structure		2.0410sesquiterpene lactone
picrotoxinin
[no description available]		2.0510epoxide;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
picrotoxane sesquiterpenoid;
tertiary alcohol		GABA antagonist;
plant metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
naringin
[no description available]		4.0740(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
swertiamarin
swertiamarin: seco-iridoid glucoside from Swertia japonica;		2.1110glycoside
vicenin ii
vicenin: isolated from the leaves of the Indian plant Ocimum sanctum were tested for their radioprotective effect in mice. isovitexin 8-C-beta-glucoside : A C-glycosyl compound that is isovitexin in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.		2.1110C-glycosyl compound;
trihydroxyflavone		metabolite
Dubinidine
[no description available]		2.0310organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.4520piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.4320
s-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione
S-(4-azidophenacyl)glutathione: photoaffinity label deriv of glutathione; inhibits glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5)		2.0310peptide
6-prenylchrysin
6-prenylchrysin: structure in first source. 6-(3,3-dimethylallyl)chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone that is chrysin substituted by a prenyl group at position 6.		3.51107-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone
bq 485
BQ 485: an endothelin ET(A)receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		1.9910peptide
bq 123
cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source		3.580cyclic peptide
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		2.3920tripeptide
hydroxylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		2.47201,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
chloramphenicol palmitate
chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer)		2.0310hexadecanoate ester
clindamycin phosphate
[no description available]		3.2310
sb 228357
SB 228357: a neuroleptic with equivalent or higher antagonist affinity for 5-HT2 than for dopamine D2 receptor		2.4420indolyl carboxylic acid
cromakalim
[no description available]		2.69301-benzopyran
sodium arsenite
sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2.		2.1110arsenic molecular entity;
inorganic sodium salt		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
herbicide;
insecticide;
rodenticide
3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine
(S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine : A glycine derivative that is L-alpha-phenylglycine substituted at positions 3 and 5 on the phenyl ring by hydroxy groups.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
resorcinols
actinonin
actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure		2.4420
pemirolast potassium salt
[no description available]		2.0810
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		3.61203-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
tolterodine
[no description available]		4.4360tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
ergonovine
Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.		2.0310ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		diagnostic agent;
fungal metabolite;
oxytocic;
toxin
difluprednate
difluprednate: RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta)-isomer		2.1310butyrate ester;
corticosteroid hormone
doxorubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510anthracycline
halcinonide
Halcinonide: A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.		2.0710organic molecular entitySMO receptor agonist
metrizamide
Metrizamide: A solute for density gradient centrifugation offering higher maximum solution density without the problems of increased viscosity. It is also used as a resorbable, non-ionic contrast medium.		2.4620amino sugar
dironyl
dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4420organic molecular entity
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		2.4420cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
vinpocetine
vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.9440alkaloidgeroprotector
amcinonide
amcinonide: structure		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
spiroketal		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone acetate
[no description available]		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
acetate ester;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
flumethasone pivalate
flumethasone pivalate: structure		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
pivalate ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
tibolone
tibolone: used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. tibolone : Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.		1.981017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		bone density conservation agent;
hormone agonist
ao 128
AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		7.9393organic molecular entity
loteprednol etabonate
Loteprednol Etabonate: An androstadiene derivative corticosteroid that is used as an ANTI-ALLERGIC AGENT for the treatment of inflammatory and allergic eye conditions.		2.081011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
etabonate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid acid ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		3.58201-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
dihydroergocristine monomesylate
dihydroergocristine mesylate : The methanesulfonic acid salt of dihydroergocristine. It has been used as the for the symptomatic treatment of mental deterioration associated with cerebrovascular insufficiency and in peripheral vascular disease. It is also a component of ergoloid mesylate (codergocrine mesilate), a mixture of ergot alkaloid derivatives that is used as a vasodilator and has shown mild benefits in the treatment of vascular dementia.		2.7530methanesulfonate saltalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
fluticasone propionate
fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester;
thioester		adrenergic agent;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
dermatologic drug
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		3.5780cyclodextrin
acarbose
[no description available]		3.4370amino cyclitol;
glycoside
acetyl coenzyme a
Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.		1.9710acyl-CoAacyl donor;
coenzyme;
effector;
fundamental metabolite
ergosterol
[no description available]		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		fungal metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		4.86100retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		4.35200icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphoramidon
phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.		2.420deoxyaldohexose phosphate;
dipeptide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : An alpha,omega dicarboxyacyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid.. (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA : A 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA where the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl component has (S)-configuration.		2.1103-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA;
3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		10.38210resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		3.8630retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.0510D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate
efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.		2.0510docosahexaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		3.5380octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		5.2890macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		2.7530ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		2.0610D-galactopyranuronic acid
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		3.4370dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		4.4160dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		3.470benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.4320icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
thapsigargin
Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.		4.36200butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		4.4602-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
mupirocin
Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.		2.4520alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester;
epoxide;
monocarboxylic acid;
oxanes;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		4.5470
brivudine
brivudine: anti-herpes agent		2.0310
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol
5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene-2,8-diol: estrogen receptor ligand; structure in first source. (R,R)-5,11-diethyl-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-2,8-chrysenediol : A carbotetracyclic compound that is 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrochrysene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 8 and by ethyl groups at positions 5 and 11 (the 5R,11R-stereoisomer). It is an agonist of ER-alpha and antagonist of ER-beta receptors.		2.4420carbotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol		estrogen receptor agonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		4.6580epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		4.5470macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
formycin
[no description available]		2.6930formycinantineoplastic agent
2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid
2-amino-3-(5-tert-butyl-3-(phosphonomethoxy)-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid: structure in first source		2.0310
drf 2725
ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma		3.8321
t0901317
T0901317: an LXRalpha and LXRbeta agonist		2.0810
y 27632
Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme.		2.9840aromatic amide
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide)
Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.		3.96130adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
prostaglandin d2
Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).		2.6730prostaglandins Dhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		3.2860olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
bms 214662
7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.		2.0410benzenes;
benzodiazepine;
imidazoles;
nitrile;
sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
octreotide
[no description available]		3.2310
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.5820homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime
6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime: structure in first source. 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime : A member of the class of biindoles that is indirubin substituted at position 6 by a bromo group and in which the keto group at position 3' has undergone condensation with hydroxylamine to form the corresponding oxime.		2.0510
histidyl-proline diketopiperazine
cyclo(L-His-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide resulting from the formal condensation of both the amino and acid groups of L-histidine with the acid and amino groups of L-proline. It is a metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).		2.1310dipeptide;
homodetic cyclic peptide;
imidazoles;
pyrrolopyrazine		anti-inflammatory agent;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
human blood serum metabolite
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.5320retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
L-cycloserine
L-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has S configuration. An antibiotic isolated from Erwinia uredovora.		2.03104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-oneanti-HIV agent;
anticonvulsant;
EC 2.3.1.50 (serine C-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor
h 89
N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		4.21170N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
gs 4071
GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.		2.7430acetate ester;
amino acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
afimoxifene
afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.		2.1310phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
metabolite
decitabine
[no description available]		4.26502'-deoxyribonucleoside
1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol
[no description available]		2.0310
sm 8668
Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive		2.4520
phorbol-12,13-didecanoate
phorbol-12,13-didecanoate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer		1.9810
teniposide
[no description available]		4.5470aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine
troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity		2.0410carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
kt 5720
KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one.		2.4620carboxylic ester;
gamma-lactam;
hemiaminal;
indolocarbazole;
organic heterooctacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor
valrubicin
[no description available]		2.0810anthracycline;
trifluoroacetamide
ketoconazole
(2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.		4.5230cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
purvalanol a
6-((3-chloro)anilino)-2-(isopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-9-isopropylpurine: purvalanol A is the (1R)-isomer;		2.4620purvalanol
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		3.2960cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		4.0340actinomycinmutagen
gamma-sitosterol
clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.		3.66303beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols		marine metabolite;
plant metabolite
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.74301,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
aphidicolin
Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.		2.1310tetracyclic diterpenoidantimicrobial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
apoptosis inducer;
Aspergillus metabolite;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
azaserine
Azaserine: Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.. azaserine : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of diazoacetic acid with the alcoholic hydroxy group of L-serine. An antibiotic produced by a Streptomyces species.		2.4820carboxylic ester;
diazo compound;
L-serine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antifungal agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glutamine antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		4.94110L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin
[no description available]		2.7430fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
enkephalin, leucine
Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.		3.2460pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.		2.1110amino aldehyde;
carbamate ester;
tripeptide		proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.9260nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		4.4530aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.0410kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
euscaphic acid
euscaphic acid: isolated from medicinal plant, Euscaphis japonica Pax.; structure; RN given refers to 2alpha,3alpha-isomer. euscaphic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 19 respectively (the 2alpha,3alpha-stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata.		1.9610hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
triol		plant metabolite
5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine
5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine: structure in first source		2.4110
rubitecan
rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.		2.4720C-nitro compound;
delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		4.6240antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
moronic acid
moronic acid: from root bark extract of Ozoroa mucronata; RN & N1 from 9th CI. moronic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is olean-18-ene substituted at position 3 by an oxo group and position 28 by a carboxy group.		2.0610pentacyclic triterpenoidanti-HIV agent;
anti-HSV-1 agent;
metabolite
morolic acid
morolic acid: from Pistacia terebinthus galls; structure in first source		2.0610
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		4.7550flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
maltitol
maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.		2.1310alpha-D-glucoside;
glycosyl alditol		laxative;
metabolite;
sweetening agent
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		5.651one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		2.0510organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate
Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.		2.0510organic sodium saltalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
sodium dichloroacetate
CPC 211: for intravenous use in patients with closed head injuries and stroke patients; no further information available 12/99		2.1310
arsenic trioxide
Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.		3.2310arsenic oxideantineoplastic agent;
insecticide
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		3.4170organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
sodium perchlorate
sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions.		1.9710inorganic sodium salt
ditiocarb sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
calix(4)arene
calix(4)arene: a cyclophane consisting of four phenolic units linked by methylene groups; structure in first source		210
tolfenamic acid
tolfenamic acid: structure. tolfenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-chloro-2-methylphenyl group. Tolfenamic acid is used specifically for relieving the pain of migraine. It also shows anticancer activity.		2.0310aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
4-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol
[no description available]		2.0410alkylbenzene
artemisin
[no description available]		2.0610
aceglatone
aceglatone: structure in Merck		2.0410organic molecular entity
sch 22219
alclometasone dipropionate : A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
sr 90107
fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.		3.2310
carbenoxolone sodium
Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.		3.1550triterpenoid
carbenoxolone
[no description available]		2.7530
meglumine iodipamide
[no description available]		3.2310organoammonium saltradioopaque medium
cinnamaldehyde
3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.		2.17103-phenylprop-2-enal;
cinnamaldehydes		antifungal agent;
EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
sensitiser;
vasodilator agent
dimethyl fumarate
[no description available]		2.7620diester;
enoate ester;
methyl ester		antipsoriatic;
immunomodulator
glycosides
[no description available]		3.2460
chalcone
trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.		2.1310chalconeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
sinapinic acid
sinapinic acid: a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption technique for protein MW determination; a constituent of propolis. trans-sinapic acid : A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration.		2.1310sinapic acidMALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		5.34210stilbene
thermospine
thermospine: structure given in first source		2.1310
isoliquiritigenin
[no description available]		2.7530chalconesantineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
GABA modulator;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor antagonist
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.		3.2310peptide hormone;
tripeptide		human metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0310chloroquine
dibenzylidene acetone
dibenzylidene acetone: structure in first source		2.1310
rauwolscine
Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.		2.0310methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate
discodermolide
[no description available]		2.0510diterpenoid
ricinoleic acid
ricinoleic acid: RN given refers to (R-(Z))-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8005. ricinoleic acid : A (9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid in which the 12-hydroxy group has R-configuration..		1.9810(9Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid
dextromethadone
D-methadone: an NMDA receptor antagonist analgesic that lacks opioid activity. dextromethadone : A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (S)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder.		2.03106-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-oneNMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.4720olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a
Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.		2.6830malonyl-CoAsEC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		5.04130vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
pyrophosphate
Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.		1.9910diphosphate ion
gw9662
2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding		2.7630benzamides
s 1033
[no description available]		4.5230(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
calmidazolium
calmidazolium chloride : The organic choride salt of calmidazolium.		2.4420organic chloride saltapoptosis inducer;
calmodulin antagonist
4-methoxy-1,3-dimethyl-6-thiophen-2-yl-8-cyclohepta[c]furanone
[no description available]		2.1310cycloheptafuran
5-[(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-3-furanyl)methoxy]-2-methyl-3-benzofurancarboxylic acid 2-methoxyethyl ester
[no description available]		2.13102-methoxyethyl ester;
benzofurans
5,6,7-trimethoxy-1-methyl-2-indolecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310indolyl carboxylic acid
haplamine
haplamine: isolated from Haplophyllum acutifolium; structure in first source		2.1310organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
mezlocillin
Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.7330penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
amygdalin
(R)-amygdalin : An amygdalin in which the stereocentre on the cyanohydrin function has R-configuration.		2.0410amygdalinantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
trilostane
trilostane: inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone; adrenal blocking agent used in treatment of Cushing's syndrome. trilostane : An epoxy steroid that is 3,17beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile in which the oxygen of the epoxy group is joined to the 4alpha and 5 alpha positions.		2.081017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
epoxy steroid;
nitrile		abortifacient;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.210 [3beta(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase] inhibitor
methylatropine
methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766		2.0410
cholinophyllin
[no description available]		2.0210
mitobronitol
Mitobronitol: Brominated analog of MANNITOL which is an antineoplastic agent appearing to act as an alkylating agent.		2.0410alcohol;
organobromine compound
tropisetron hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
tropisetron
Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.		2.8430indolyl carboxylic acid
Reactive blue 2
[no description available]		2.0310anthraquinone
(2'-(benzyloxycarbonylaminomethyl)biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamide)
[no description available]		3.3110biphenyls
tram 34
TRAM 34: inhibits IKCa1; structure in first source		2.0310organochlorine compound
5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2h-benzimidazol-2-one
5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one: stimulates Cl- secretion in the mouse jejunum		2.0310dichlorobenzene
n-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-n-(3-((2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl)methylamino)propyl)-4-nitrobenzamide hydrochloride
BRL 32872: structure given in first source		1.9910organic molecular entity
quinidine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4420
leuprolide acetate
leuprolide acetate : An acetate salt obtained by combining the nonapeptide leuprolide with acetic acid. A long lasting GnRH analog, LH-Rh agonist. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.0810acetate saltantineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.4420oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide
octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.		2.4820
diethylstilbestrol dipropionate
diethylstilbestrol dipropionate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1310
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.7230purine nucleoside
(1S,2R)-2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		2.1310alkylbenzene
dithizone
Dithizone: Chelating agent used for heavy metal poisoning and assay. It causes diabetes.		1.9610
glycerylphosphorylcholine
choline alfoscerate : A member of the class of phosphocholines that is the choline ester of sn-glycero-3-phosphate. It is one of the major osmolyte in the renal medullary cells.. glycerophosphocholine : The glycerol phosphate ester of a phosphocholine. A nutrient with many different roles in human health.		2.1310phosphocholines;
sn-glycerol 3-phosphates		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
parasympatholytic;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-methylscopolamine nitrate
[no description available]		2.1310
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		5.02120pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
phenytoin sodium
[no description available]		2.1310
nsc 4347
NSC 4347: structure in first source		2.1310
ipratropium bromide anhydrous
[no description available]		2.7430
4-methoxy-N1,N3-bis(3-pyridinyl)benzene-1,3-dicarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310benzamides
methamilane methiodide
[no description available]		2.4720
physostigmine salicylate
[no description available]		2.1310azaheterocycle salicylate salt;
salicylates
pilocarpine nitrate
[no description available]		2.4720
r 59949
R 59949: diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor		2.4420diarylmethane
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine
[no description available]		4.02140
methylatropine nitrate
[no description available]		2.7530
1-[1-oxo-2-[(4-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c][1]benzopyran-7-yl)oxy]ethyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		2.4920pyridines
2-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one
[no description available]		2.1310benzoxazine
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		4.0650
chlorprothixene
Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.		4.2750chlorprothixene
dienestrol
Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.		2.1310
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		4.5370ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		4.6580aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
methylthiouracil
Methylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent that inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormone. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.520pyrimidone
dexketoprofen
dexketoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is (S)-hydratropic acid substituted at position 3 on the phenyl ring by a benzoyl group. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, it is used to relieve short-term pain, such as muscular pain, dental pain and dysmenorrhoea.		2.0310benzophenones;
monocarboxylic acid		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sb 366791
N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide: a TRPV1 antagonist; structure in first source		2.4420
ag-213
tyrphostin 47: inhibits protein-tyrosine kinase activity of EGF-R both in vitro and in living cells;		2.4420
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.4420catechols;
polyphenol;
resorcinols;
stilbenol		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bemesetron
[no description available]		2.7430
3,4-methylenedioxy-beta-nitrostyrene
3,4-methylenedioxy-beta-nitrostyrene: tyrosine kinase inhibitor that prevents platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa activation; structure in first source		4.1920
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		2.0410
(e)-3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-n-(2,3-dihydrobenzo(b)(1,4)dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide
3-(4-t-butylphenyl)-N-(2,3-dihydrobenzo(b)(1,4)dioxin-6-yl)acrylamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and antihyperalgesic agent; structure in first source		2.0810
4-methoxy-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1310benzamides
crotamiton
[no description available]		2.0710
(S)-(-)-pindolol
[no description available]		2.0310pindolol
levosulpiride
(S)-(-)-sulpiride : An optically active form of sulpiride having (S)-configuration. The active enantiomer of the racemic drug sulpiride. Selective D2-like dopamine antagonist (Ki values are ~ 0.015. ~ 0.013, 1, ~ 45 and ~ 77 muM at D2, D3, D4, D1 and D5 receptors respectively).		2.4620sulpirideantidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		2.7830caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
ondansetron, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
5-methyl-4-[(2-oxo-1-benzopyran-7-yl)oxymethyl]-2-furancarboxylic acid methyl ester
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		3.23101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
2-(1,3-dioxo-2-isoindolyl)-N-(3-nitrophenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1310phthalimides
4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine
4-fluorophenyl-L-alanine : A L-phenylalanine derivative that is L-phenylalanine in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a fluoro group.		2.44204-fluorophenylalanine;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
phenylthiazolylthiourea
Phenylthiazolylthiourea: A dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor.		2.0510
urocanic acid
Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.		2.4720urocanic acidhuman metabolite
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone
[no description available]		2.1310stilbenoid
(2'-(4-aminophenyl)-(2,5'-bi-1h-benzimidazol)-5-amine)
[no description available]		2.0510benzimidazoles
isoeugenol
trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol.		2.610isoeugenolplant metabolite
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		2.9640N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(2-phenylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole
[no description available]		2.1310oxadiazole;
ring assembly
3-(3,5-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyranyl)propanoic acid
[no description available]		2.1310psoralens
1,6-dimethyl-3-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimido[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazine-5,7-dione
[no description available]		2.1310pyrimidotriazine
flunarizine
Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.		2.7330diarylmethane
thiothixene
[no description available]		4.0940N-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		3.8630zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		10.8761aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
9-hydroxy-4-[1-oxo-2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b]pyridin-5-one
[no description available]		2.1310pyridochromene
hc 030031
2-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)-N-(4-isopropylphenyl)acetamide: a TRPA1 channel blocker		2.4920
5-bromo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid [3-(3-methylphenoxy)-4-oxo-1-benzopyran-7-yl] ester
[no description available]		2.1310chromones
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		3.8530diarylmethane
nootkatone
nootkatone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. (+)-nootkatone : A sesquiterpenoid that is 4,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-2(3H)-one which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4 and 4a, and by an isopropenyl group at position 6 (the 4R,4aS,6R stereoisomer).		2.0710carbobicyclic compound;
enone;
sesquiterpenoid		fragrance;
insect repellent;
plant metabolite
thiouracil
Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.		2.0410nucleobase analogue;
thiocarbonyl compound		antithyroid drug;
metabolite
5-methyl-4-[(3-methyl-6-oxo-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[c][1]benzopyran-1-yl)oxymethyl]-2-furancarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
4-methyl-3-(phenylmethyl)-7-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methoxy]-1-benzopyran-2-one
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-4-quinolinyl]-(4-morpholinyl)methanone
[no description available]		2.1310quinolines
5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutoxy)-3,4,7-trimethyl-1-benzopyran-2-one
[no description available]		2.1310coumarins
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		4.77901,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-5-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic amide;
furans
2-(8-methoxy-2-methyl-4-oxo-1-quinolinyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1310quinolines
N-[(6-methoxy-2-oxo-1H-quinolin-3-yl)methyl]-N-propan-2-yl-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310quinolines
cinnarizine
Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.		3.3160diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine;
olefinic compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		5.03120monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		5.16450capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
enclomiphene
Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.4120
zuclomiphene
Zuclomiphene: The cis or (Z)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.0610stilbenoid
fluoxetine
(S)-fluoxetine : An N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine that has S configuration. [The antidepressant drug fluoxetine is a racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine].		2.1310N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amineantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
levocetirizine
[no description available]		2.3110diarylmethane
terbinafine
[no description available]		4.960acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
cysteine sulfinic acid
3-sulfino-L-alanine : The organosulfinic acid arising from oxidation of the sulfhydryl group of L-cysteine.		2.0310organosulfinic acid;
S-substituted L-cysteine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist;
mouse metabolite
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
3-((3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-((3-carboxyphenyl)methylene)-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone
3-((3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-((3-carboxyphenyl)methylene)-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone: a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitor; structure in first source		3.4370
d-ap7
[no description available]		2.0310
drotaverin
drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.1550isoquinolines
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.7830cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
tg 003
TG 003: a Clk inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone
[no description available]		2.1310stilbenoid
1-cyclohexyl-3-(6-ethoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)urea
[no description available]		2.1310benzothiazoles
N-[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-1-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)methanamine
[no description available]		2.1310dimethoxybenzene
2-[[5-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethoxy]-4-oxo-2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-7-yl]oxy]acetic acid tert-butyl ester
[no description available]		2.1310flavones;
tert-butyl ester
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		4.06402-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
thiobarbituric acid
thiobarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-thiobarbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid in which the oxygen at C-2 is replaced by sulfur.		2.0510barbituratesallergen;
reagent
1,3-dimethylthiourea
[no description available]		2.420
ethylenethiourea
Ethylenethiourea: A degradation product of ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) fungicides. It has been found to be carcinogenic and to cause THYROID hyperplasia.		2.1310imidazolidines
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride
(1R,2S)-tranylcypromine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4420hydrochloride
tacrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9740
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		4.08150one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
sodium propionate
sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.		2.4420organic sodium saltantifungal drug;
food preservative
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		5.25121cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
thioacetamide
Thioacetamide: A crystalline compound used as a laboratory reagent in place of HYDROGEN SULFIDE. It is a potent hepatocarcinogen.. thioacetamide : A thiocarboxamide consiting of acetamide having the oxygen replaced by sulfur.		2.6120thiocarboxamidehepatotoxic agent
4-bromotetramisole, oxalate (1:1), salt(s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.5620dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
p-aminosalicylic acid monosodium salt
[no description available]		2.1310organic molecular entity
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		9.31232cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
6-thioguanosine
6-thioguanosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410purine nucleoside
3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
n-hydroxy-n'-(4-butyl-2-methylphenyl)formamidine
HET0016: 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid synthesis inhibitor		2.0510toluenes
1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
mecysteine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310alpha-amino acid ester
4-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester, hydrochloride, (dl)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
streptozocin
[no description available]		4.0640
capsazepine
capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.		3.75100benzazepine;
catechols;
monochlorobenzenes;
thioureas		capsaicin receptor antagonist
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole
1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole: intermediate in the synthesis of imidazolineoxyl N-oxides; partial structure given in first source		2.9540benzoic acid;
imidazolines;
organic radical		apoptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
diphenyleneiodium chloride
dibenziodolium chloride : An organic chloride salt having dibenziodolium as the counterion.		2.4420organic chloride saltEC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor;
G-protein-coupled receptor agonist
azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, (cis)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
tamoxifen citrate
[no description available]		2.4420citrate saltangiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent
tamoxifen
[no description available]		5.62230stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
sodium taurodeoxycholate
Taurodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.. taurodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.. taurodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurodeoxycholic acid.		2.4320bile acid taurine conjugatehuman metabolite
nadp
[no description available]		3.7730
pimagedine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)		2.8930
8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		210
Betaine Aldehyde Chloride
[no description available]		2.0310quaternary ammonium salt
hc-067047
HC-067047: a TRPA1 antagonist; structure in first source		2.1710
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		4.4160pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
gsk 3787
[no description available]		2.1510
cancidas
[no description available]		4.4230
2-(2-furanyl)-4-thiazolidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan
methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan: structure in first source		2.1510organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
dihydrosamidine
[no description available]		2.1310
N-(2-methoxycyclohexyl)-3,4-dimethylaniline
[no description available]		2.1310methylbenzene
eskazine
[no description available]		2.7530
3-(n,n-dimethylsulfonamido)-4-methyl-nitrobenzene
BRL-50481 : A C-nitro compound that is benzene substituted by N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl, methyl and nitro groups at positions 1, 2 and 5, respectively. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor selective for the PDE7 subtype (Ki = 180 nM).		2.0510C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		bone density conservation agent;
EC 3.1.4.53 (3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
2-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5-ethyl-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazolidine-3-thione
[no description available]		2.1310methylbenzene
monastrol
monastrol: stops mitosis by fostering formation of monopolar spindles; structure in first source. (S)-monastrol : An ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate that has S configuration.. monastrol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-monastrol.. ethyl 4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate : A member of the class of thioureas that is 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1)-thione substituted by a 3-hydroxyphenyl group at position 4, an ethoxycarbonyl group at position 5, and a methyl group at position 6.		2.0310enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
phenols;
racemate;
thioureas		antileishmanial agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
2-[3-oxo-1-[[[oxo(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino]-sulfanylidenemethyl]-2-piperazinyl]acetic acid propan-2-yl ester
[no description available]		2.1310isopropyl ester;
piperazines
zeranol
Zeranol: A non-steroidal estrogen analog.		2.1310macrolide
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		4.557011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
scopolamine
[no description available]		2.07103-hydroxy carboxylic acid
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		4.2550carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		3.5180cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		2.7130barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		4.537017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		10.7461C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
aplaviroc
aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source		3.2310
thiocarlide
thiocarlide: major descriptor (68-85); on-line search PHENYLTHIOUREA/AA (68-85); Index Medicus search THIOCARLIDE (68-85); Antitubercular Agent		2.0410thioureas
hmr 3647
[no description available]		4.6680
latoconazole
latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug
maraviroc
[no description available]		3.6120tropane alkaloid
toremifene citrate
[no description available]		2.0810stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
toremifene
Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.		3.8630aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
u 0126
U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.7430aryl sulfide;
dinitrile;
enamine;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor;
osteogenesis regulator;
vasoconstrictor agent
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.0510cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		3.8730beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
glycylproline
Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.		3.5720dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide		metabolite
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide
4-DAMP methiodide : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine and iodomethane.		2.9740iodide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		cholinergic antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.7430aromatic ether
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		2.0210alkali metal atom
thiamylal
Thiamylal: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anesthesia, or for inducing a hypnotic state. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p919). thiamylal : A member of the class of barbiturates that is 2-thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by a pentan-2-yl and prop-2-en-1-yl group at position 5.		2.4120barbiturates;
organosulfur compound		sedative
cobaltous chloride
cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.		2.7130cobalt salt;
inorganic chloride		allergen;
calcium channel blocker;
sensitiser;
two-colour indicator
maneb
Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.		2.3110
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.2310amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
hydroxylysine
Hydroxylysine: A hydroxylated derivative of the amino acid LYSINE that is present in certain collagens.. hydroxylysine : A hydroxy-amino acid in which the amino acid specified is lysine. A "closed" class.. erythro-5-hydroxy-L-lysine : A 5-hydroxylysine consisting of L-lysine having an (R)-hydroxy group at the 5-position.. 5-hydroxylysine : A hydroxylysine that is lysine substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		2105-hydroxylysine;
hydroxy-L-lysine		human metabolite
dezocine
dezocine: potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure. dezocine : (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness.		2.0210phenols;
primary amino compound		opioid analgesic
dapiprazole
[no description available]		2.0210N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
miotic;
ophthalmology drug
droloxifene
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
raclopride
Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.		210salicylamides
dolasetron
[no description available]		4.0640indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259
[no description available]		2.4520hydrazone;
nitrile;
pyridazinone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
mannomustine
Mannomustine: Nitrogen mustard derivative alkylating agent used as antineoplastic. It causes severe bone marrow depression and is a powerful vesicant.		2.0410amino alcohol
monooctanoin
monooctanoin: dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones; RN in Chemline for octanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol, MF unknown: 11140-04-8; RN for octanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1-monooctanoin): 502-54-5; RN in 9th CI Form Index for (+-)-1-monooctanoin: 19670-49-6. rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-octanoyl-sn-glycerol and 3-octanoyl-sn-glycerol.. 1-monooctanoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride that has octanoyl as the acyl group.		2.13101-monoglyceride;
octanoate ester;
rac-1-monoacylglycerol
almokalant
almokalant: structure given in first source		2.4620
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		2.9740steroidestrogen
glucametacin
glucametacin: indomethacin analog; structure		2.0410
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		10.4441beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene
idoxifene: structure given in first source		2.0510stilbenoid
quinine
[no description available]		6.88360cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
aprikalim
[no description available]		5.07430
zofenoprilate
zofenoprilate: RN given refers to ((1(R*),2alpha,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/90. zofenoprilat : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. The active metabolite of zofenopril.		210aryl sulfide;
L-proline derivative;
N-acyl-L-amino acid;
thiol		anticonvulsant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
kaurenoic acid
kaurenoic acid: isolated from leaves of Montanoa tomentosa; structure given in first source. ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is ent-kauran-19-oic acid in which a double bond is present at position 16(17); exhibits anticancer and anti-HIV 1 activity.		2.0710
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester
[no description available]		2.730
glycodeoxycholic acid
Glycodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. glycodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate of deoxycholic acid.		2.0710bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(iv)
bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV): a hypoglycemic agentt; structure given in first source		2.0310
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/87		2.0310
ki 3315
KI 3315: structure given in first source; a potassium channel opener; a derivative of KRN 2391		2.3820
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea
1-(2-(2-(4-pyridyl)-2-imidazoline-1-yl)ethyl)-3-(4-carboxyphenyl)urea: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.0410
glyceryl nonivamide
N-(4-O-glycerol-3-methoxybenzyl)nonivamide: structure given in first source		2.0610
8-bromoguanosino-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate
[no description available]		2.0310
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide
2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source		2.9640
s 9871
S 9871: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source		1.9810
u-50488
3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine		3.0950dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		analgesic;
antitussive;
calcium channel blocker;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist
ro 31-6930
Ro 31-6930: potassium channel opener		3.0850
sch 23390
SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.		2.4720benzazepine
isepamicin
[no description available]		2.0410
ifetroban
ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative		2.4120benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
clamikalant
clamikalant: inhibits ATP-sensitive potassium channel; structure in first source		5.05130
lamifiban
lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass		2.0410N-acylglycine
bp 897
BP 897: a dopamine D3 receptor agonist; structure in first source		2.4420naphthalenecarboxamide
fospropofol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
vx-745
[no description available]		2.0710aryl sulfide;
dichlorobenzene;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidopyridazine		anti-inflammatory drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
azilect
[no description available]		2.0810
rasagiline
[no description available]		3.2310indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
deracoxib
SC 046: structure in first source. deracoxib : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3, and 5 by 4-sulfamoylphenyl, difluoromethyl and 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl groups, respectively. A selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in dogs.		2.0710organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
trequinsin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		4.65401,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
neboglamine
neboglamine: potential memory enhancer		2.0310
2-aminohippuric acid
[no description available]		2.0710N-acylglycine
tocainide, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
glucagon (19-29)
[no description available]		1.9910
sr 144528
SR 144528: a CB2 cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure in first source. SR 144528 : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of (1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine. A potent and selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2 receptor) inverse agonist (Ki = 0.6 nM).		2.0310bridged compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles;
secondary carboxamide		CB2 receptor antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.26 (sterol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor
zd 6474
CH 331: structure in first source		3.6320aromatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telavancin
telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.		2.0410glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.		210
uk 66914
UK 66914: Class III antiarrhythmic agent; structure given in first source; RN from Toxlit		2.8940
cytellin
cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982		3.6630
trimethoprim
[no description available]		2.1310
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.		2.420
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.		4.09150adenosines;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
monocarboxylic acid		adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
anti-inflammatory agent
silybin
[no description available]		2.0510
4-hydroxy-1-[1-oxo-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propyl]-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310peptide
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-3-ylmethyl)-2-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1310dimethoxybenzene
3-acetyl-6-methyl-1H-quinolin-4-one
[no description available]		2.1310quinolines
benzatropine methanesulfonate
benzatropine mesylate : The methanesulfonate salt of benzatropine. An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		2.4420
sb 203186
[no description available]		2.0310indolyl carboxylic acid
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist		1.9810naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
n-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-n'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea
N-(1-methyl-5-indolyl)-N'-(3-methyl-5-isothiazolyl)urea: a 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. 1-(1-methylindol-5-yl)-3-(3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl)urea : A member of ther class of ureas that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens has been replaced by an N-methylindol-5-yl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen has been replaced by a 3-methyl-1,2-thiazol-5-yl group. It is a potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B (5-HT2B) receptor.		2.44201,2-thiazoles;
indoles;
ureas		receptor modulator;
serotonergic antagonist
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		7.520
3-(phenylthio)-1-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-propanone
[no description available]		2.1310aryl sulfide
rs-130830
RS-130830: orally-active broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor		2.0710
gw 7647
GW 7647: a PPAR-alpha agonist; structure in first source. GW 7647 : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-(phenylsulfanyl)isobutyric acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at the para- position by a 3-aza-7-cyclohexylhept-1-yl group in which the nitrogen is acylated by a (cyclohexylamino)carbonyl group.		3.2250aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
ureas		PPARalpha agonist
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		3.3160organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
blister
blebbistatin: structure in first source. blebbistatin : A pyrroloquinoline that is 1,2,3,3a-tetrahydro-H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3a, a methyl group at position 6 and a phenyl group at position 1. It acts as an inhibitor of ATPase activity of non-muscle myosin II.		2.0710cyclic ketone;
pyrroloquinoline;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		inhibitor
ro 41-0960
[no description available]		2.4420
cgp 13501
CGP 13501: structure in first source		2.0310alkylbenzene
n-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide
N-(2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)-3-methoxybenzamide: dopamine D4 ligand; structure in first source		2.4420
mtt formazan
MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes		2.0410
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		2.0510organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
l 663536
MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.		2.0510aryl sulfide;
indoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist
brl 15572
3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol : An N-alkylpiperazine that is 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine carrying a 3,3-diphenyl-2-hydroxyprop-1-yl group at position 4. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.		2.4420monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol		geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
mrs 1523
2,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist		2.4420
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.		2.4320quinoxaline derivative
N-(3-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-9b-phenyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoindole-1-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310imidazolidines
Anthraniloyllycoctonine
[no description available]		2.1310diterpene alkaloid
zinc protoporphyrin ix
[no description available]		2.0510
or486
OR486: structure given in first source		2.0310
fg 9041
FG 9041: structure given in first source		2.4420quinoxaline derivative
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		1.9810
iik7
IIK7: structure in first source		2.0310
sb 415286
3-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenylamino)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4420C-nitro compound;
maleimides;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
minoxidil sulfate ester
minoxidil sulfate ester: metabolite of minoxidil; structure given in first source		3.4980
dm 235
DM 235: structure in first source		2.4420
jhw 015
[no description available]		2.7430indolecarboxamide
bw 723c86
[no description available]		2.4420tryptamines
am 630
iodopravadoline: an aminoalkylindole; a competitive cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.0610N-acylindole
sc 560
SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.		2.9840aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
N-[4-[(cyclohexylamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic amide
sc-19220
[no description available]		2.0310aromatic ether
le 300
[no description available]		2.4420indoles
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.5570triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
1-cyclohexyl-3-dodecylurea
[no description available]		2.0510
flosequinan
[no description available]		2.4420quinolines
rhodamine 123
Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.		7.4720organic cation;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
1-[3-[[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-4-methoxyphenyl]-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1310harmala alkaloid
ly 367265
LY 367265: a 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter inhibitor; a 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonist; structure in first source. LY-367,265 : A fluoroindole that is 1H-indole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 6 are replaced by 1-[2-(2,2-dioxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-2lambda(6)-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[4,3,2-ij]quinolin-1(2H)-yl)ethyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is an inhibitor of the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (Ki = 2.3 nM) and an antagonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor (Ki = 0.81 nM).		2.4420dihydropyridine;
fluoroindole;
tertiary amino compound;
thiadiazoloquinoline		antidepressant;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		4.67802-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
diclofenac sodium
Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac.		2.4720organic sodium salt
cgp 7930
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenol: structure in first source		2.4420alkylbenzene
1,3,5-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1h-pyrazole
4,4',4''-(4-propylpyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol : A pyrazole that is 1H-pyrazole bearing three 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5 as well as a propyl substituent at position 4. Potent, subtype-selective estrogen receptor agonist (EC50 ~ 200 pM); displays 410-fold selectivity for ERalpha over ERbeta. Prevents ovariectomy-induced weight gain and loss of bone mineral density, and induces gene expression in the hypothalamus following systemic administration in vivo.		2.4420phenols;
pyrazoles		estrogen receptor agonist
2-mercaptoacetate
2-mercaptoacetate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310monocarboxylic acid anion
sib 1757
SIB 1757: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source		2.4420
diethyl maleate
diethyl maleate : A maleate ester resulting from the formal condensation of both carboxy groups of maleic acid with ethanol. A colourless liquid at room temperature (m.p. -10degreeC) with boiling point 220degreeC at 1 atm., it is commonly used as a dienophile for Diels-Alder-type cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis.		2.0110ethyl ester;
maleate ester		glutathione depleting agent
sq 109
N-geranyl-N'-(2-adamantyl)ethane-1,2-diamine: has antitubercular activity		3.5110
sphingosine
sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.		3.1550sphing-4-eninehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
quercetin
[no description available]		4.221607-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		4.2650biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		4.63260prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		7.64192monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
biochanin a
[no description available]		2.48204'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.99 (fatty acid amide hydrolase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
prostaglandin b1
prostaglandin Bx: phospholipase A2 inhibitor; polymeric derivative of diketo-PGB1; mean MW 2,200. prostaglandin B1 : A member of the class of prostaglandins B that is prosta-8(12),13-dien-1-oic acid carrying oxo and hydroxy substituents at positions 9 and 15 respectively (the 13E,15S-stereoisomer).		2.1310prostaglandins Bhuman metabolite
vitexin
[no description available]		2.0310C-glycosyl compound;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
acacetin
5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.		2.2110dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		anticonvulsant;
plant metabolite
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		5.57120trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		2.73303'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.0510octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		4.2550D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		2.0710
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.4720carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		2.0810dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4
Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.		2.1110leukotrienebronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		4.34200epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
hymecromone
Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.		2.0410hydroxycoumarinantineoplastic agent;
hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
daphnetin
[no description available]		2.4420hydroxycoumarin
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid
8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14.		2.9440fatty acid 20:3;
long-chain fatty acid		fungal metabolite;
human metabolite;
nutraceutical
chrysoeriol
chrysoeriol: isolated from leaves of Eurya japonica & E. emarginata. 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone : The 3'-O-methyl derivative of luteolin.		2.4320monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
alprostadil
[no description available]		3.88120prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		3.6120hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		3.420D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		2.5520disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
bilirubin diglucuronide
[no description available]		3.1510
kaempferol
[no description available]		2.99407-hydroxyflavonol;
flavonols;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
leukotriene d4
Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).		2.4720dipeptide;
leukotriene;
organic sulfide		bronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.		3.2460prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
arachidonic acid omega-9 hydroperoxide
12-HPETE: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; 12-HPETE may be used inconsistently in literature as synonym for cpds with various tetraene-locants; caused dose-dependent constriction of cat coronary arteries. 12(S)-HPETE : The (S)-enantiomer of 12-HPETE.		1.9910HPETEmouse metabolite
lipoxin a4
lipoxin A4: an antifibrolytic agent; structure given in first source; a role in ASPIRIN antiinflammatory activity. lipoxin A4 : A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.		310hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
lipoxin;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid
linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.		2.0210linolenic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
prostaglandin f1
prostaglandin F1: was EN to PROSTAGLANDINS F (75-81); RN given refers to (9 alpha,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer		2.1310prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		4.331907-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		5.35100antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		3.360oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		5.1714011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		3.8730
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		10.9271dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.5470aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		3.5820isoquinolines
timolol maleate
(S)-timolol maleate : The maleic acid salt of the active (S)-enantiomer of timolol, comprising equimolar amounts of (S)-timolol and maleic acid.		2.7530maleate saltanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
brompheniramine maleate
brompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.9840maleate saltanti-allergic agent
chlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
clemastine fumarate
clemastine fumarate : The fumaric acid salt of clemastine. An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		2.4420fumarate saltanti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
dexchlorpheniramine maleate
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
olopatadine
[no description available]		2.0210
methylergonovine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420ergoline alkaloidgeroprotector
hemabate
carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.		3.2310
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.8730carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
bw b1090u
[no description available]		2.0210isoquinolines
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		4.56702-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		4.0840hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		2.9940carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
harman
harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.		2.4420harmala alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid		anti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
7-hydroxycoumarin
7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.		2.0310hydroxycoumarinfluorescent probe;
food component;
plant metabolite
zearalenone
Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.		2.1310macrolide;
resorcinols		fungal metabolite;
mycoestrogen
baicalein
[no description available]		210trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
chrysin
chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.		2.45207-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
diosmetin
[no description available]		2.21103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
diosmin
[no description available]		2.5120dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
galangin
5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.		2.17107-hydroxyflavonol;
trihydroxyflavone		antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
hyperoside
quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.		2.0810beta-D-galactoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
mangiferin
shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source		2.0810C-glycosyl compound;
xanthones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
mangostin
mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.		2.0710aromatic ether;
phenols;
xanthones		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
morin
morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.		2.74307-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
myricetin
[no description available]		2.75307-hydroxyflavonol;
hexahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
food component;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
myricitrin
myricitrin: isolated from root bark of Myrica cerifera L.; structure. myricitrin : A glycosyloxyflavone that consists of myricetin attached to a alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. Isolated from Myrica cerifera, it exhibits anti-allergic activity.		2.1310alpha-L-rhamnoside;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
pentahydroxyflavone		anti-allergic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
orientin
orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.		2.44203'-hydroxyflavonoid;
C-glycosyl compound;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
coumestrol
Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.		2.0710coumestans;
delta-lactone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		2.72307-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
cynarine
cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent		2.4520alkyl caffeate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
caffeic acid phenethyl ester
phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.		2.7330alkyl caffeate esteranti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
shogaol
shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source		3.3510enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols
rottlerin
rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.		2.7330aromatic ketone;
benzenetriol;
chromenol;
enone;
methyl ketone		anti-allergic agent;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
K-ATP channel agonist;
metabolite
ellagic acid
[no description available]		2.110catechols;
cyclic ketone;
lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol		antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
flupenthixol
cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.		2.9640flupenthixoldopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833
valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215		2.7530homodetic cyclic peptide
estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide
17beta-estradiol 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic acid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having a beta-glucuronyl residue attached at position 17 via a glycosidic linkage.		4.06403-hydroxy steroid;
steroid glucosiduronic acid
l 660,711
[no description available]		4.5770quinolines
7-hydroxyflavone
7-hydroxyflavone : A hydroxyflavonoid in which the flavone nucleus is substituted at position 7 by a hydroxy group.		2.0510hydroxyflavonoid
estriol 17-glucuronide
[no description available]		2.1310steroid saponin
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.830ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
tectochrysin
tectochrysin: structure in first source. tectochrysin : A monohydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 7 respectively.		3.5110monohydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		antidiarrhoeal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
anandamide
anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.		4.3860endocannabinoid;
N-acylethanolamine 20:4		human blood serum metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
n-oleoyldopamine
N-oleoyldopamine: putative capsaicin receptor ligand; produces hyperalgesia; isolated from the brain. N-oleoyldopamine : A fatty amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of oleic acid with the amino group of dopamine. Synthesised in catecholaminergic neurons, it crosses the blood-brain barrier and might be considered as a carrier of dopamine into the brain. It is a transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist.		2.4420catechols;
fatty amide;
N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine;
secondary carboxamide		TRPV1 agonist
pheniramine maleate
Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution		2.7430organic molecular entity
sorivudine
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
geranylgeranylacetone
geranylgeranylacetone: structure in first source; RN given refers to isomeric cpd without isomeric designation; mixture of (5E,9E,13E) & (5Z,9E,13E)-isomers. teprenone : A terpene ketone in which a (9E,13E)-geranylgernayl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone (it is a mixture of 5E- and 5Z-geoisomers in a 3:2 ratio).		2.420
travoprost
Travoprost: A cloprostenol derivative that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.. travoprost : The isopropyl ester of prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of travoprost are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. It is a pro-drug; the isopropyl ester group is hydrolysed by esterases in the cornea to the biologically active free acid, fluprostenol.		2.4720(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
ophthalmology drug;
prodrug;
prostaglandin receptor agonist
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		4.5570amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		3.8430cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.		4.4870stilbenoid
4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid
4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.1504,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha
8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.		5.822F2-isoprostanebiomarker;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
7,10,13,16-docosatetraenylethanolamide
7,10,13,16-docosatetraenylethanolamide: found in brain; binds to the cannabinoid receptor; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (ALL-Z)-isomer		2.1310N-acylethanolamine 22:4
trimipramine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420maleate saltantidepressant
4-hydroxyestradiol
4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.		2.13104-hydroxy steroidmetabolite
menatetrenone
menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.		2.1310menaquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
bone density conservation agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
imipenem
[no description available]		2.0810carbapenems
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.7430enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		4.5470retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		2.7330
xylometazoline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
flunarizine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
ketotifen fumarate
ketotifen fumarate : An organoammonium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of ketotifen(1+) and fumarate(1-) ions. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is a non-bronchodilator anti-asthmatic drug.		2.9840organoammonium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
epoprostenol
[no description available]		3.5620prostaglandins Imouse metabolite
indocyanine green
[no description available]		3.85301,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
dinoprost tromethamine
[no description available]		2.5120organic molecular entity
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510cinnamic acids
triprolidine
Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		3.620N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		4.0940cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
rosuvastatin calcium
S 4522: structure in first source		2.0810N-acyl-15-methylhexadecasphinganine-1-phosphoethanolamine;
organic calcium salt		anti-inflammatory agent;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor
terbinafine hydrochloride
terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.		2.0810allylamine antifungal drug;
hydrochloride		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride
cis-flupenthixol dihydrochloride : The dihydrochloride salt of cis-flupenthixol.		2.4420hydrochloridegeroprotector
ethamolin
monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma		3.2310long-chain fatty acid
betamethasone benzoate
[no description available]		2.021021-hydroxy steroid
hydrocortisone valerate
hydrocortisone valerate: used in treatment of atopic dermatitis; RN given refers to 11beta-isomer		2.1310cortisol ester;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
valerate ester
alatrofloxacin mesylate
[no description available]		3.5920
homatropine
[no description available]		2.0710tropane alkaloid
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e2
16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2: A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors.. 16,16-dimethylprostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 in which both of the hydrogens at position 16 have been replaced by methyl groups. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin E2, it is a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors. It also protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers.		2.4220cyclopentanones;
monocarboxylic acid;
prostanoid;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-ulcer drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
radiation protective agent
prostaglandin f2 methyl ester
prostaglandin F2 methyl ester: has ocular hypotensive effect; RN given refers to (5Z,9alpha,11alpha,13E,15S)-isomer		2.1310prostanoid
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		2.8840thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer. 20-HETE : A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20.		2.4720HETE;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5,6-epoxy-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid
5,6-epoxy-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 5,6-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 5,6-double bond of arachidonic acid.		2.0210EETmouse metabolite
8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
8,9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 8,9-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 8,9-double bond of arachidonic acid.		210EETmouse metabolite
n-arachidonylglycine
N-arachidonylglycine: structure in first source. N-arachidonoylglycine : Biologically active derivative of anandamide		2.4420fatty amide;
N-acylglycine
n-oleoylethanolamine
N-oleoylethanolamine: ceramidase inhibitor. oleoyl ethanolamide : An N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine that is the ethanolamide of oleic acid. The monounsaturated analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide.		2.4420endocannabinoid;
N-(long-chain-acyl)ethanolamine;
N-acylethanolamine 18:1		EC 3.5.1.23 (ceramidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
sphingosine 1-phosphate
sphingosine 1-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R*,S*-(E)))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 8/89. sphingosine 1-phosphate : A phosphosphingolipid that consists of sphingosine having a phospho group attached at position 1		2.9840sphingoid 1-phosphatemouse metabolite;
signalling molecule;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist;
T-cell proliferation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
2-bromoergocryptine mesylate
[no description available]		2.1310
codeine
[no description available]		4.93110morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		6.85260homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
perhexiline maleate
[no description available]		2.1310
phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530organic molecular entity
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		2.4720hydrochloride
natamycin
[no description available]		2.4720antibiotic antifungal drug;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
ophthalmology drug
mepyramine maleate
histosol: proprietary mixture of synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons forming an extremely nonpolar organic solvent		2.7530
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		4.140acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
acrivastine
acrivastine: a second generation antihistamine. acrivastine : A member of the class of pyridines that is (pyridin-2-yl)acrylic acid substituted at position 6 by a [(1E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a non-sedating antihistamine used for treatment of hayfever, urticaria, and rhinitis.		2.4320alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
cyproterone
Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.		2.041017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		androgen antagonist
dihydrocodeine
dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.7230morphinane alkaloid
dorzolamide
dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.4620sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
dothiepin
[no description available]		2.0510dothiepin
estropipate
estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients		3.2310piperazinium salt;
steroid sulfate
ethisterone
Ethisterone: 17 alpha-Hydroxypregn-4-en-20-yn-3-one. A synthetic steroid hormone with progestational effects.. ethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 17beta hydrogen is replaced by an ethynyl group. Ethisterone was the first orally active progestin and is a metabolite of danazol.		2.131017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		drug metabolite;
progestin
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		4.0640morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		4.140pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		4.0640carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
nabilone
nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		3.1550morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		2.0510morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		6.58620morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		3.8530organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)		3.8530morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		3.2310phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
proscillaridin
Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).		2.0310organic molecular entity
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		5.0670antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		11.0581cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride
trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310
6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol
6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 6alpha-hydroxy substituent.		2.13106alpha-hydroxy steroid
brefeldin a
[no description available]		3.4170macrolide antibioticPenicillium metabolite
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		2.4520dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol
seocalcitol: structure given in first source		2.0510
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		2.7430monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
topiroxostat
FYX-051: xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor		3.5110
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor
calcipotriene
[no description available]		2.0210cyclopropanes;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
triol		antipsoriatic;
drug allergen
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		11.62660morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
pactamycin
Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.		2.0410
demycarosylturimycin h
[no description available]		2.4720
su 9516
[no description available]		2.0510
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid
4-(2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-1-propenyl)benzoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source. arotinoid acid : A retinoid that consists of benzoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 2-(5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a synthetic retinoid that acts as a selective agonist for the retinoic acid receptors (RAR).		2.4420benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
teratogenic agent
ar c67085mx
PSB-0413: a selective antagonist radioligand for platelet P2Y12 receptors		2.0710
l-2-(carboxypropyl)glycine
[no description available]		2.0310
mre 3008-f20
MRE 3008-F20: InChIKey: CJRNHKSLHHWUAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N		2.1510
2-methylthio-atp
2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source		210
4-aminocrotonic acid
[no description available]		2.0310
7-benzylidenenaltrexone
7-benzylidenenaltrexone: structure given in first source; a highly selective delta1-opioid receptor antagonist		2.7130phenanthrenes
acipimox
acipimox: lipolysis inhibitor		2.0810pyrazinecarboxylic acid
ah 23848
AH 23848: thromboxane antagonist. AH23848 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (1R,2R,5S)- and (1S,2S,5R)-enantiomers of (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid. The hemicalcium salt is a potent, specific thromboxane receptor-blocking drug that is orally active and has a long duration of action.. (1R,2R,5S)-AH23848 : A (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid in which the stereocentres at positions 1, 2 and 5 have R-, R- and S-configuration respectively.		2.0210(4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid
anthramycin
[no description available]		2.0410
atosiban
[no description available]		2.0810oligopeptide
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		3.2310amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
bimatoprost
Bimatoprost: A cloprostenol-derived amide that is used as an ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT in the treatment of OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		2.0810monocarboxylic acid amideantiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent
istradefylline
[no description available]		2.1110oxopurine
cicaprost
cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R*,4R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer		2.7130monoterpenoid
clobetasol
Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.021011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
SMO receptor agonist
denopamine
denopamine: structure given in first source		2.7130dimethoxybenzene
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		3.7830heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
desoximetasone
Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.		2.52011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		5.4641medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
sb 277011
SB 277011: structure in first source		2.0310
fluprostenol
fluprostenol: synthetic prostaglandin F 2 alpha analog used as an abortifacient; RN given refers to ((1alpha(Z),2beta(1E,3R*),3alpha,5alpha)-(+-))-isomer. fluprostenol : An organofluorine compound that is racemic prostaglandin F2alpha in which the pentyl group is replaced by a 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxymethyl group. A synthetic analogue of prostaglandin F2alpha, ophthalmic solutions of its isopropyl ester prodrug, travoprost, are used as a topical medication for controlling the progression of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension, by reducing intraocular pressure. The isopropyl ester group of travoprost is hydrolysed to the biologically active free acid by esterases in the cornea.		210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		abortifacient;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
female contraceptive drug;
prostaglandin receptor agonist
fluticasone
Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.		2.432011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
thioester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug
fr 173657
FR 173657: structure given in first source		2.0510
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		3.2310organic molecular entity
halobetasol
halobetasol: used in ointment to treat psoriasis; Ulobetasol cream contains 0.05% 6-fluoroclobetasol 17-propionate		2.0210corticosteroid hormone
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		4.26180carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
l 655,708
[no description available]		2.4420
lacidipine
[no description available]		2.0410cinnamate ester;
tert-butyl ester
latanoprost
Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.		2.7430isopropyl ester;
prostaglandins Falpha;
triol		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
prodrug
al 8810
AL 8810: a prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor antagonist; structure in first source		210long-chain fatty acid
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		1.96101-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
mdl 100907
Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.		2.0610
cytochalasin b
Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.		3.580cytochalasin;
lactam;
lactone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
mycotoxin;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
ml 10302
2-piperidinoethyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate: structure in first source		2.0510
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		4.5270organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
ro 41-1049
Ro 41-1049: structure given in first source		2.0310
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		13.215913phenylalanine derivative
neurokinin a
Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.		2.3920
pd 123319
PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively		1.9910imidazopyridineangiotensin receptor antagonist;
endothelin receptor antagonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
calyculin a
calyculin A: RN given refers to (5S-(5alpha(2R*(1S*,3S*,4S*,5R*,6R*,7E,9E,11E,13Z),3R*),7beta(E(S*)),*beta,9alpha))-isomer		2.0510
u 44069
U 44069: has contractile effect on rat pulmonary veins & arteries; a thromboxane-A2 mimetic		2.420prostanoid
thromboxane a2, carbocyclic
carbocyclic thromboxane A2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes that is thromboxane A2 in which the bridging oxygen has been replaced by a methylene group.		2.0210
rimexolone
[no description available]		2.021020-oxo steroid
sb 200646a
[no description available]		2.4420
sb 223412
SB 223412: SB-223412 is the (S)-(-)-isomer; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0710
seglitide
seglitide: more potent than somatostatin for inhibition of insulin, glucagon & growth hormone release; used experimentally in treatment of Alzheimer's disease; somatostatin receptor antagonist		2.4420
sib 1893
SIB 1893: a selective mGluR5 antagonist; structure in first source		2.0310
sq 29548
SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist		2.4220
stiripentol
stiripentol: structure		2.1310
u-44619
thromboxane A2 agonist : An agonist that binds to and activates thromboxane A2 receptors.		2.1310
vinorelbine
[no description available]		4.460acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
(3r)-((2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-((4-morpholinyl)methyl)pyrrolo-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl))methanone
WIN 55212-2 : A organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5-methyl-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-hi]indole substituted at position 6 by a 1-naphthylcarbonyl group.		2.4720morpholines;
naphthyl ketone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
synthetic cannabinoid		analgesic;
apoptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
zuclopenthixol
zuclopenthixol : The (Z)-isomer of clopenthixol.		210clopenthixolalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310indolecarboxamide
kn 62
KN 62: inhibitor of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II		2.0110piperazines
su 6656
SU 6656: a c-Src kinase inhibitor; used to probe growth signaling; structure in first source. SU6656 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which the hydrogeh at position 5 has been replaced by a dimethylaminosulfonyl group and in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-indol-2-yl group. It is a specific inhibitor of Src family kinase.		2.4420
biliverdine
[no description available]		2.110
irisquinone
irisquinone: from seeds of Iris pallasii Iridaceae; RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		2.0410
andrographolide
[no description available]		8.6620carbobicyclic compound;
gamma-lactone;
labdane diterpenoid;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside
kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source. kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme.		2.4110disaccharide derivative;
kaempferol O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
trihydroxyflavone		metabolite;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
icariin
[no description available]		2.0310flavonols;
glycosyloxyflavone		antioxidant;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen
ligustilide
ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source		2.0610butenolidemetabolite
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.7930
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		4.460(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ag 538
AG 538: an IGF-1 receptor kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tyrphostin ag 555
[no description available]		2.7530
tyrphostin ag-494
AG 494: tyrphostin that blocks Cdk2 activation; structure in first source		2.0310
tyrphostin b44
tyrphostin B44: inhibits protein kinases; an analog of tyrphostin B46; B44(+) is B50, and is the stereoisomer of B44(-)		2.4420
ag-490
[no description available]		2.4420catechols;
enamide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
STAT3 inhibitor
ag 112
[no description available]		2.4420
ag 183
AG 183: structure given in first source		2.4420
bosutinib
4-((2,4-dichloro-5-methoxyphenyl)amino)-6-methoxy-7-(3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propoxy)-3-quinolinecarbonitrile: a Src kinase inhibitor; structure in first source		3.9830aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
N-methylpiperazine;
nitrile;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
semaxinib
semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.		2.7430olefinic compound;
oxindoles;
pyrroles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib
orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.		2.0510
su 11248
[no description available]		4.4430monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
nifuroxazide
nifuroxazide: structure		2.1310benzoic acids
mitoguazone
Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine.		2.0410guanidines;
hydrazone		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor
4',5,7-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone
viscosine: a GABA-A receptor agonist with anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activities; isolated from Dodonaea viscosa; structure in first source		2.1110
romidepsin
depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.		2.0410cyclodepsipeptide;
heterocyclic antibiotic;
organic disulfide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
butylidenephthalide
butylidenephthalide: structure in first source. (Z)-3-butylidenephthalide : A gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		2.0610isobenzofuranone
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)		2.0310
5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given is for cpd without isomeric designation; an arachidonate metabolite which stimulates neutrophils to mobilize Ca and promotes PMN degranulation responses		2.1310
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine
8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine: adenosine antagonist. 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine : Caffeine substituted at its 8-position by an (E)-3-chlorostyryl group.		3.1250monochlorobenzenes;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
bay 11-7082
(E)-3-tosylacrylonitrile : A nitrile that is acrylonitrile in which the hydrogen located beta,trans to the cyano group is replaced by a tosyl group. It is an inhibitor of cytokine-induced IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells.		5.5840nitrile;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
bay 11-7085
BAY11-7085 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [(E)-2-cyanoethenyl]sulfonyl and tert-butyl groups at position 1 and 4, respectively. It is an irreversible inhibitor of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in cells (IC50 = 10 muM) and prevents the activation of NF-kappaB.		2.4420benzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
bw b70c
BW B70C: arachidonic acid antagonist. BW B70C : A hydroxamic acid that is urea in which both the hydrogens attached to one of the nitrogens are replaced by a hydroxy and a (1E)-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)phenyl]but-1-en-3-yl group. A selective inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, it can be used for the treatment of asthma.		2.0510aromatic ether;
hydroxamic acid;
organofluorine compound;
ureas		EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		4.94110dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine
5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine: structure given in first source. 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 1,3-diethyl-5,6-dichloroindoleinine units at each end.		2.0510cyanine dye;
indolium ion		fluorochrome
molsidomine
[no description available]		2.9840ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
diamide
Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.		2.69301,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
oxiconazole
oxiconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer; structure given in first source. oxiconazole : An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.		2.0210conazole antifungal drug;
dichlorobenzene;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
oxime O-ether		antiinfective agent
rg 13022
RG 13022: structure given in first source		2.1310
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)		5.17470
cesium
Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.		9.19170alkali metal atom
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		5.47640alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
flavokawain b
flavokawain B: from Piper methysticum Forst (Kava Kava) roots; structure in first source. flavokawain B : A member of the class of chalcones that consists of trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy group at positions 2' and methoxy groups at positions 4' and 6'. Isolated from Piper methysticum and Piper rusbyi, it exhibits antileishmanial, anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities.		2.0610chalcones;
dimethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
antileishmanial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
metabolite
styrylquinoline
styrylquinoline: structure in first source		2.13102-styrylquinoline
rubidium
Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.		6.1400alkali metal atom
nomifensine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		3.2310morphinane alkaloid
thallium
Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).		1.9910boron group element atom
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.730metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		5.55210cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide
morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.0410morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		4.27506-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
nalbuphine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420hydrochloride
lasalocid
Lasalocid: Cationic ionophore antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces lasaliensis that, among other effects, dissociates the calcium fluxes in muscle fibers. It is used as a coccidiostat, especially in poultry.. lasalocid : A polyether antibiotic used for prevention and treatment of coccidiosis in poultry.		3.4620beta-hydroxy ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
oxanes;
oxolanes;
polyether antibiotic;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary alcohol		bacterial metabolite;
coccidiostat;
ionophore
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		4.4160morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefodizime
cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone
methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer		2.0410phenanthrenes
cefixime
[no description available]		4.94110cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		5.01120dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril
benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		3.8530benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		4.5370azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
ridogrel
[no description available]		2.3920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		3.2310
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		4.95110dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
crotarbital
crotarbital: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		4.0140styrenes
kavain
[no description available]		2.1310racemateglycine receptor antagonist
isoalloxazine
isoalloxazine: structure		2.4520benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione
puerarin
[no description available]		2.0810C-glycosyl compound;
isoflavonoid
3,3',4,5'-tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene
(E)-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene: from the leaves of Eugenia rigida; structure in first source		3.5110
bedaquiline
bedaquiline: a diarylquinoline Antitubercular Agent. bedaquiline : A quinoline-based antimycobacterial drug used (as its fumarate salt) for the treatment of pulmonary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis by inhibition of ATP synthase, an enzyme essential for the replication of the mycobacteria.		2.2510aromatic ether;
naphthalenes;
organobromine compound;
quinolines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antitubercular agent;
ATP synthase inhibitor
enalapril maleate
enalapril maleate : The maleic acid salt of enalapril. It contains one molecule of maleic acid for each molecule of enalapril. Following oral administration, the ethyl ester group of enalapril is hydrolysed to afford the corresponding carboxylic acid, enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Enalapril is thus a prodrug for enalaprilat (which, unlike enalapril, is not absorbed by mouth), and its maleate is used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients.		2.5120maleate saltantihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		5.83170dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
trimebutine maleate salt
[no description available]		2.1310trihydroxybenzoic acid
vinblastine sulfate
[no description available]		2.7530
vincristine sulfate
[no description available]		2.1310
3-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1-benzopyran-4-one
[no description available]		2.1310isoflavones
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.7630
trientine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.2310
(2R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl]amino]-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-5-(2,4-dioxo-1-pyrimidinyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-oxolanyl]acetic acid
[no description available]		2.1310peptide
n-methylscopolamine bromide
scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.		3.8730
sinomenine
sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic		2.0310morphinane alkaloid
ecdysterone
Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.		21014alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-hydroxy steroid;
22-hydroxy steroid;
25-hydroxy steroid;
2beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ecdysteroid;
phytoecdysteroid		animal metabolite;
plant metabolite
bleomycin
[no description available]		3.5920bleomycinantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		7.32241cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		2.6730monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
dextromethorphan hydrobromide
dextromethorphan hydrobromide : The hydrobromide and monohydrate of the antitussive drug dextromethorphan.		2.4420hydrate;
hydrobromide
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-
[no description available]		2.0810peptide
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		4.7590dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source		2.6320
naloxone hydrochloride
naloxone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of naloxone and hydrogen chloride. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		2.0310hydrochlorideantidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
imidapril
imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
s-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid
farnesylthiosalicylic acid: structure in first source		2.4420sesquiterpenoid
bergamottin
bergamottin: constituent of bergamot oil; structure given in first source		2.0210furanocoumarinmetabolite
sulindac sulfone
sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.		2.7330monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
ximelagatran
ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.		3.5920amidoxime;
azetidines;
carboxamide;
ethyl ester;
hydroxylamines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
prodrug;
serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime
[no description available]		4.64803-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		4.76901,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.2550cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
hr 810
cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0410cephalosporin;
cyclopentapyridine
pafuramidine
pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine		3.2310
norbinaltorphimine
norbinaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.9540isoquinolines
ceftazidime
[no description available]		4.2450cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
flucycloxuron
flucycloxuron: benzoylphenylurea insecticide; a chitin synthesis inhibitor effective on reproductive events and thickness of chorion in mealworms		2.0810flucycloxuron
br-x 537a
bromolasalocid: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.0610
ici 118551
ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R*,R*)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).		2.6730aromatic ether;
indanes;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic antagonist
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		4.2550dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
naltrexone hydrochloride
naltrexone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of oxycodone with one molar equivalent of hydrochloric acid. it is a mu-opioid receptor antagonist that is used to treat alcohol dependence.		2.7530hydrochlorideantidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-
Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.		2.3920
n-methylnaloxone
N-methylnaloxone: quaternary derivative of naloxone		2.7330
naltrindole benzofuran
naltrindole benzofuran: structure given in first source		2.0510morphinane alkaloid
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		4.0940gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
5,6-dichloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole-3',5'-monophosphorothioate
5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole-3',5'-monophosphorothioate: structure given in first source		2.420
tiotropium
tiotropium : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by methylation of the tertiary amino group of (1alpha,2beta,4beta,5alpha,7beta)-7-[(hydroxydi-2-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.0(2,4)]nonane. Used (in the form of the bromide hydrate) for maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		2.0710
cefetamet
cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.		2.7430cephalosporin
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		3.9430peptide
uroguanylin
uroguanylin: amino acid sequence given in first source; stimulates intestinal guanylate cyclase; GenBank Z83746 (pig)		2.0410
oxyfedrine
Oxyfedrine: A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, heart failure, conduction defects, and myocardial infarction. It is a partial agonist at beta adrenergic receptors and acts as a coronary vasodilator and cardiotonic agent.		2.0510aromatic ketone
guanylin
guanylin: from rat jejunum; contains 15 amino acids; activator of intestinal guanylate cyclase; stimulates this enzyme through the same receptor binding region as the heat-stable enterotoxins; amino acid sequence given in first source; GenBank Z73607 (pig)		2.0410
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
olomoucine ii
olomoucine II: structure in first source		2.0710
oleoyl-coenzyme a
oleoyl-coenzyme A: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer		2.4120octadecenoyl-CoAEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
naltrindole
naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist		2.4920isoquinolines
guanabenz acetate
[no description available]		2.9740dichlorobenzenegeroprotector
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		3.1250dichlorobenzene
nylidrin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530alkylbenzene
triprolidine hydrochloride anhydrous
triprolidine hydrochloride (anh.) : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reaction of equimolar amounts of triprolidine and hydrogen chloride. Its monohydrate is used for the symptomatic relief of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		2.7530hydrochlorideH1-receptor antagonist
phentolamine
[no description available]		2.1310
famotidine
[no description available]		5.091301,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
fenoterol
fenoterol hydrobromide : The hydrobromide salt of fenoterol. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		2.0310hydrobromidebeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
fendiline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
tiapridex
Tiapride Hydrochloride: A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist.		2.4720benzamides
quipazine maleate
[no description available]		2.4420
n-(2-aminoethyl)-4-chlorobenzamide hydrochloride
Ro 16-6491: structure given in first source		2.0310
nab-365
clenbuterol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of clenbuterol.		2.1310hydrochloridebeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
tulobuterol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
hp 029
[no description available]		2.4420
bafilomycin a
[no description available]		210
resiniferatoxin
resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).		2.4720carboxylic ester;
diterpenoid;
enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
ortho ester;
phenols;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		analgesic;
neurotoxin;
plant metabolite;
TRPV1 agonist
abscisic acid
Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.		2.45202-trans-abscisic acid
dithiazanine iodide
[no description available]		2.1310benzothiazoles;
organic iodide salt		anthelminthic drug;
fluorochrome
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.		2.0510cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		4.4601,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		4.6580beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
nw 1029
Ralfinamide: Sodium Channel Blocker; structure in first source		2.0710
cyprodime
cyprodime: RN & structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4720
n,n,n-trimethyl-1-(4-stilbenoxy)-2-propylammonium iodide
[no description available]		2.0310
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2h-pyran-2-one
6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthaleneyl)-2H-pyran-2-one: structure given in first source; potent irreversible, mechanism-based inhibitor of myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2		2.7130naphthalenes
nf023
[no description available]		2.0310
nf 449
[no description available]		2.4420
bisabolol
bisabolol: monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol with strong bacteriocidal effects, especilly against M. Tuberc.; isolated from seed plant Populus tacamacaha; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric desigation		2.0510
(R)-citalopram
(R)-citalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has R-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the inactive enantiomer of citalopram.		2.03101-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile
7-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,8-naphthyridine
[no description available]		2.4420
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.		5.14450
gr 46611
GR 46611: known to lower body temperature in guinea pigs		2.0310
proguanil
Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.		3.8330biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
am-356
methanandamide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (all-Z)-(+-)-isomer		3.5620fatty amide
cci 15641
[no description available]		2.9540cephalosporin
coomassie brilliant blue
[no description available]		2.3110
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		3.5480acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		2.4520
mastoparan
[no description available]		2.9240mastoparans;
peptidyl amide		antimicrobial agent
saralasin
Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION.		2.0510oligopeptide
tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.		5.13450azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		2.5720chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
tellurium
Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.		2.2110chalcogen;
metalloid atom
triethoxysilane
[no description available]		2.0710
ceftiofur
[no description available]		2.0410
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine
1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd		2.420organic anion
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture		1.9610
cefpodoxime
[no description available]		3.5620carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		3.5820azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.		4.0831(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
epoprostenol sodium
[no description available]		2.0510prostanoid
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0810fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
diacetylmonoxime
diacetylmonoxime: used diagnostically for determining urea in blood; structure; myosin ATPase antagonist. diacetylmonoxime : A ketoxime obtained via formal condensation of butane-2,3-dione with hydroxylamine. It is a reversible myosin ATPase inhibitor.		2.9240
cefatrizine
Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.		2.9640amino acid amide;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
phenols;
semisynthetic derivative;
triazoles		antibacterial drug;
EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
sinequan
[no description available]		2.1310dibenzooxazepine
homatropine hydrobromide, (endo-(+-)-isomer)
[no description available]		2.4420
buflomedil hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310aromatic ketone
vancomycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
moxisylyte hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4720monoterpenoid
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		3.2760maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a
Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.		2.9140amidobenzoic acid
eniporide
eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source		2.0410
beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate
beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate: RN given refers to unspecified fumarate		2.0310
dexbrompheniramine maleate
dexbrompheniramine maleate : The maleic acid salt of the (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		2.0810brompheniramine maleateanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
mg 624
triethyl-(beta-4-stilbenoxyethyl)ammonium: inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptors; structure in first source		2.0510
simethicone
Simethicone: A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base.		1.9610
flupirtine
[no description available]		2.4420
cilastatin
[no description available]		2.7330carboxamide;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
zimelidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
rifaximin
[no description available]		3.6120acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
latrunculin b
latrunculin B: 14-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin A; structure given in first source. latrunculin B : A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica.		1.9910cyclic hemiketal;
macrolide;
oxabicycloalkane;
thiazolidinone		actin polymerisation inhibitor;
metabolite;
toxin
carboprostacyclin
carboprostacyclin: potent stable prostacyclin analog which inhibits platelet aggretation; do not confuse with carboprost (15-methyl-PGF2alpha); RN given refers to (3aS-(2Z,3aalpha,4alpha(1E,R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source		2.4220prostanoid
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol
[no description available]		2.68301,2-diglyceride
sibiromycin
[no description available]		2.0410aminoglycoside antibiotic;
hemiaminal;
phenols;
pyrrolobenzodiazepine		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
lumefantrine
Lumefantrine: A fluorene derivative that is used in combination with ARTEMETHER for the treatment of MALARIA (see ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE DRUG COMBINATION).. lumefantrine : A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-9H-fluorene which is substitutec by chlorine at positions 2 and 7, and by a 2-(dibutylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. An antimalarial drug used in combination with artemether for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0610fluorenes;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amine		antimalarial
concanamycin a
concanamycin A: from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes S-45; inhibits vacuolar H+ ATPase. concanamycin A : A concanamycin in which the lactone ring contains 4 double bonds and is substituted by 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxy groups, 2 methoxy groups and an ethyl group.		2.0310carbamate ester;
concanamycin		antifungal agent;
EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor;
metabolite
brl 26830a
BRL 26830A: structure given in first source		1.9610
bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol
bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials		3.7930
7-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-(4'-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl)-7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl)-5-heptenoic acid
7-(3-(3-hydroxy-4-(4'-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl)-7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-yl)-5-heptenoic acid: structure given in first source; thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor agonist; RN given refers to the (125I) labeled cpd		2.0210
2-(4-amylcinnamoyl)amino-4-chlorobenzoic acid
2-(4-amylcinnamoyl)amino-4-chlorobenzoic acid: phospholipase A2 inhibitor		2.0210
2-cyano-3-(1-phenylindol-3-yl)acrylate
2-cyano-3-(1-phenylindol-3-yl)acrylate: inhibits pyruvate transport into mitochondria		1.9910
e 4080
[no description available]		2.6730
ici d1542
ICI D1542: redirects arachidonic acid metabolism; an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthetase and of thromboxane receptors		2.0710
disufenton sodium
disufenton sodium: a nitrone benzene bissulfonate in development for stroke; has neuroprotective activity; structure in first source		2.0310
6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin
6',7'-dihydroxybergamottin: structure given in first source		2.0210psoralens
everolimus
[no description available]		3.6120cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
(8)-shogaol
(8)-shogaol: isolated from ginger; structure in first source		3.3510enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.86301,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
rosiglitazone-metformin combination
rosiglitazone-metformin combination: a combination of metformin and rosiglitazone used for treating type 2 diabetes		2.0710
pregna-4,17-diene-3,16-dione, (17z)-isomer
[no description available]		2.7330
gavestinel
[no description available]		2.0710
su 4312
SU4312 : A member of the class of oxindoles that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group has been replaced by a p-(dimethylamino)phenyl group. SU 4312 is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor protein tyrosine kinase 1/2 and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor inhibitor. It also inhibits the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and exhibits neuroprotection against NO-mediated neurotoxicity.		2.4420
salvianolic acid B
salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza		2.03101-benzofurans;
catechols;
dicarboxylic acid;
enoate ester;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
hepatoprotective agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
osteogenesis regulator;
plant metabolite
rilpivirine
[no description available]		3.5110aminopyrimidine;
nitrile		EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
dirithromycin
[no description available]		2.4620macrolide antibioticprodrug
indigo carmine
3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.		2.1110
beta-escin
Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility.		1.9810triterpenoid saponin
azlocillin
Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.		2.7430penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
verlukast
verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist		2.9640
gw 1929
GW 1929: activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma; structure in first source		3.2250benzophenones
cefpodoxime proxetil
cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis.		2.4520carboxylic acid;
carboxylic ester;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug;
prodrug
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		5.0470cephalosporinantibacterial drug
linogliride
linogliride: structure given in first source		2.6830
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		4.0840ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam
carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.		2.0410monobactamantibacterial drug
beta-escin
[no description available]		3.5180
fluphenazine
[no description available]		2.5120
homochlorocyclizine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
butoxamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
scopolamine hydrobromide
scopolamine hydrobromide (anhydrous) : A hydrobromide that is obtained by reaction of scopolamine with hydrogen bromide.		2.1310
protriptyline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530hydrochlorideantidepressant
emetine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1310
n(4)-chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
[no description available]		2.0310
n-(3-(cyclohexylidene-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl))phenyl)ethanesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.4420
n-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide
N-(4-amino-2-chlorophenyl)phthalimide: has anticonvulsant activity; structure in first source		2.0310
cb 34
CB 34: ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors; structure in first source		2.0310
b 43
RK-24466 : A member of the class of pyrrolopyrimidines that is 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted by amino, 4-phenoxyphenyl, and cyclopentyl groups at positions 4, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of Lck that inhibits Lck (64-509) and LckCD isoforms (IC50 of less than 1 and 2 nM, respectively).		2.4420aromatic amine;
aromatic ether;
cyclopentanes;
primary amino compound;
pyrrolopyrimidine		EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
(8R)-7-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol
[no description available]		2.0310aporphine alkaloid
(8R)-7-propyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-2,13,14-triol
[no description available]		2.0310aporphine alkaloid
3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane
3-(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)-3,8-diazabicyclo(3.2.1)octane: structure in first source		2.0310
2-(3,3-diphenylpropylamino)acetamide
[no description available]		2.4420diarylmethane
4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide
4-(2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethylthio)-2,6-difluorophenoxyacetamide: structure given in first source		2.0310
gw2974
GW2974: quinazoline derivative, which is able to block the activation of both the EGFR and erbB2		3.5920pyridopyrimidine
l 162313
L 162313: a biphenylimidazole derivative; a non-peptide angiotensin agonist; no further information available 2/95		2.4420
l-165041
4-(3-(2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl)phenoxy)propyloxyphenoxy acetic acid: a PPAR-delta agonist has regulatory effects on a variety of adipokines, and these effects might explain some of their metabolic function.		2.0310aromatic ketone
mdl 105519
MDL 105519: a potent ligand at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-associated glycine recognition site; structure given in first source		2.0810
mrs 1754
[no description available]		2.0310oxopurine
s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.		3.2760nitroso compound;
nitrosothio compound		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
pd 404182
[no description available]		2.0310
5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen
5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen: structure in first source. psora 4 : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a 4-phenylbutoxy group at position 5. It is a potent inhibitor of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 (EC50 = 3 nM).		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzenes;
psoralens		geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
potassium channel blocker
sb 222200
[no description available]		2.4420quinolines
dantrolene sodium
dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.		2.7430
cr 2945
CR 2945: a member of non-peptide CCKB receptor antagonist		2.4420
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		5.27160imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
am 404
[no description available]		2.4120anilide
sb 218795
SB 218795: structure in first source		2.4420quinolines
6-cyano-4-(n-ethylsulfonyl-n-methylamino)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylchromane, (trans-(+))-isomer
[no description available]		3.110
sb 269970
SB 269970: a 5-HT(7) antagonist; structure in first source		2.4820sulfonamide
dihydroceramide
N-acetylsphinganine : A dihydroceramide in which the ceramide acyl group is specified as acetyl.		2.0310N-acylsphinganine
mexicanolide
mexicanolide: from the seeds of a Godavari mangrove, Xylocarpus moluccensis; exhibits marked antifeedant activity against the third-instar larvae of Brontispa longissima (Gestro); structure in first source		2.2110
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.4320nitrofuran antibiotic
epinephrine bitartrate
[no description available]		2.7530
bicuculline methobromide
[no description available]		2.7530
6 beta-hydroxycortisol
6 beta-hydroxycortisol: RN given refers to the (6beta,11beta)-isomer; see also record for 6 alpha-hydrocortisol. 6beta-hydroxycortisol : A C21-steroid that is cortisol bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6beta-position. In humans, it is produced as a metabolite of cortisol by cytochrome p450-3A4 (CYP3A4, an important enzyme involved in the metabolism of a variety of exogenous and endogenous compounds) and can be used to detect moderate and potent CYP3A4 inhibition in vivo.		2.131011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
6beta-hydroxy steroid;
C21-steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mammalian metabolite;
probe
butylscopolammonium bromide
Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.		2.9740
androst-16-en-3-one
androst-16-en-3-one: boar taint steroid; RN given refers to (5alpha)-isomer. 5alpha-androst-16-en-3-one : An androstanoid that is 5alpha-androst-16-ene substituted by an oxo group at position 3. It is a steroid pheromone found in high concentrations in the saliva of male pigs,.		2.13103-oxo steroid;
androstanoid		mammalian metabolite;
pheromone
butaclamol hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
dihydroouabain
[no description available]		2.1310cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
radiosensitizing agent
LSM-6455
[no description available]		2.1310peptide ergot alkaloid
estradiol 17-acetate
[no description available]		2.1310steroid ester
morphinans
Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.		2.9740isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
morphinane alkaloid
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate: RP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A inhibitor; SP-cAMP-S is a protein kinase A agonist. (Sp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).. (Rp)-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having adenine as the nucleobase (the Rp-stereoisomer).		3.0950nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate
sq-23377
Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.		3.690cyclic ether;
enol;
polyunsaturated fatty acid;
very long-chain fatty acid		calcium ionophore;
metabolite
eritoran
eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.		2.0410lipid As
dantrolene
[no description available]		4.4360
roxithromycin
(E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.		2.4720roxithromycinenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefdinir
[no description available]		3.6120cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
fumagillin
[no description available]		2.0410antibiotic antifungal drug;
carboxylic ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
meroterpenoid;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
fungal metabolite;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine
Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.		210
etonogestrel
[no description available]		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
a 38503
[no description available]		2.4420
bisoprolol, fumarate (1:1) salt
[no description available]		2.4720
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310
sk&f 89976-a
[no description available]		2.0310
cv 1808
2-phenylaminoadenosine: has coronary & cardiohemodynamic effects		2.4420purine nucleoside
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		2.4620artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
tipredane
[no description available]		2.07103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
beraprost
beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.		2.0510enyne;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
lanreotide
[no description available]		2.0510
vapiprost
vapiprost: thromboxane receptor antagonist; prostaglandin receptor antagonist		2.6930
etoposide phosphate
[no description available]		2.0810furonaphthodioxole
dexniguldipine
niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance		2.0410diarylmethane
ciclesonide
ciclesonide: nasal spray approved for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis		2.0810organic molecular entity
napsagatran
napsagatran: structure given in first source		2.0410
temsirolimus
[no description available]		3.8730macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		3.8630(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
tekturna
[no description available]		2.0810fumarate saltantihypertensive agent
prasugrel
5-[2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-2-yl acetate : A member of the class of thienopyridines that is 2-acetoxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a 2-cyclopropyl-1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-oxoethyl group.. prasugrel : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		2.0710acetate ester;
cyclopropanes;
ketone;
monofluorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound;
thienopyridine
isavuconazole
isavuconazole : A 1,3-thiazole that is butan-2-ol which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 3 by 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, 2,5-difluorophenyl, and 4-(p-cyanophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl groups, respectively. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and invasive mucormycosis.		3.51101,3-thiazoles;
conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor;
orphan drug
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		3.5920diarylmethane
bms188797
[no description available]		2.0410
bibx 1382bs
BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001		3.2310substituted aniline
vildagliptin
[no description available]		13.8585amino acid amide
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		3.2310diarylmethane
rebaudioside a
rebaudioside A: glucoside isolated from the leaves of the paraguayan shrub, Stevia rebaudiana; has taste properties superior to stevioside; structure in first source. rebaudioside A : A rebaudioside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4 of the beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy group at the 13alpha position have both been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside.		2.0410beta-D-glucoside;
rebaudioside;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		sweetening agent
bentiromide
bentiromide: chymotrypsin labile peptide used diagnostically as an index of exocrine pancreas function. bentiromide : The dipeptide obtained by condensation of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine with 4-aminobenzoic acid. Used as a noninvasive screening test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and to monitor the adequacy of supplemental pancreatic therapy, it is given by mouth: the amount of 4-aminobenzoic acid and its metabolites excreted in the urine is taken as a measure of the chymotrypsin-secreting activity of the pancreas.		2.0710dipeptidediagnostic agent;
indicator;
reagent
isoborneol
isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.0710borneol
acetylcarnitine
O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.		2.0510O-acetylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
staurosporine
staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.		3.5990ammonium ion derivative
(3aR,6aR)-5-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3-[oxo(2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-3a,6a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-4,6-dione
[no description available]		2.1310pyrrolidines
phosphocreatine
Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.		3.94130phosphagen;
phosphoamino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
furaltadon
furaltadon: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. furaltadone : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted at position 1 by a (5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 5 by a morpholin-4-ylmethyl group. An antibacterial formerly used oraly but withdrawn due to toxicity, it is used topically (as the hydrochloride salt) for treatment of ear disorders.		2.1310
sgd 301-76
[no description available]		2.0810conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
organic nitrate salt		antiinfective agent
fluvoxamine maleate
[no description available]		2.7430(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
formazans
Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.		2.0410
thioacetazone
Thioacetazone: A thiosemicarbazone that is used in association with other antimycobacterial agents in the initial and continuation phases of antituberculosis regimens. Thiacetazone containing regimens are less effective than the short-course regimen recommended by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and are used in some developing countries to reduce drug costs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p217). thiosemicarbazone : A hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with the non-thioacylated nitrogen of thiosemicarbazide or its substituted derivatives.		2.4620
azimilide
azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride		2.9540imidazolidine-2,4-dione
nifurtoinol
nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0510hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin
Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.		3.86301,8-naphthyridine derivative;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone: a neuroprotective agent; structure given in first source		2.1310
naloxonazine
naloxonazine: binds irreversibly to opiate receptor sites; structure given in first source		2.7630
triacsin c
triacsin C: from Streptomyces No. 1228; structure given in first source; an acyl-CoA synthetase antagonist. triacsin C : A nitroso compound that is N-undecylnitrous hydrazide carrying double bonds at positions 1,2,4, and 7. It is a long-chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase inhibitor and interferes with lipid metabolism by inhibiting the de novo synthesis of glycerolipids and cholesterol esters.		2.0210hydrazone;
nitroso compound;
olefinic compound		antimalarial;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.64 (retinoid isomerohydrolase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
5-hydroxydantrolene
5-hydroxydantrolene: dantrolene metabolte		2.4110imidazolidine-2,4-dione
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		3.6120benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
gemifloxacin mesylate
gemifloxacin mesylate : The mesylate salt of gemifloxacin.		2.0810methanesulfonate saltantimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
naloxone benzoylhydrazone
[no description available]		2.4420
fosinopril
[no description available]		4.5840
armodafinil
armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.		3.23102-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamidecentral nervous system stimulant;
eugeroic
s-nitrosocysteine
S-nitrosocysteine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor.. S-nitroso-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent. A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor.		2.0210L-cysteine derivative;
nitrosothio compound		hematologic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride
2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by reaction of 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.		2.4420hydrochlorideanxiolytic drug;
metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
amiprilose
[no description available]		2.0310
(R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride
(R)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (R)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
ro 8-4304
[no description available]		2.0510
8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate
(Sp)-8-bromo-cAMPS : A nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate having 8-bromoadenine as the nucleobase (the Sp-stereoisomer).		2.4320
utibapril
utibapril: structure given in first source; prodrug for FPL 63547 diacid		2.0710
gw 501516
GW 501516: a selective PPARdelta agonist; structure in first source. GW 501516 : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a (1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)sulfanediyl group, and in which the 1,3-thiazolyl group is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by p-trifluoromethylphenyl and methyl groups, respectively.		3.09401,3-thiazoles;
aromatic ether;
aryl sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
PPARbeta/delta agonist
eflucimibe
eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor		2.0510
sc 795
[no description available]		2.0510
tomopenem
[no description available]		2.4520
ave 0118
[no description available]		3.6120
timcodar
timcodar: a mutlidrug resistance inhibitor; structure in first source		3.5110
norfenfluramine
Dexnorfenfluramine: D-isomer of Norfenfluramine		2.0310amphetamines
zd0947
[no description available]		2.0310
bms 191095
BMS 191095: a mitochondrial K(ATP) opener; structure in first source		4.0340
euk-134
EUK-134: antioxidant; structure in first source		2.0410
kb r7943
2-(2-(4-(4-nitrobenzyloxy)phenyl)ethyl)isothiourea methanesulfonate: inhibits the reverse mode of Na+/Ca++ exchange in cells expressing NCX1; structure in first source		2.0810
a 1899
A 1899: a TASK-1 potassium channel blocker; structure in first source		3.3110
3-((3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl)(3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)benzyl)amino)-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-ol
3-((3-(4-chloro-3-ethylphenoxy)phenyl)(3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)benzyl)amino)-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-ol: inhibits cholesteryl ester transfer protein; structure in first source		2.0510
seryl-leucyl-isoleucyl-glycyl--arginyl-leucinamide
seryl-leucyl-isoleucyl-glycyl--arginyl-leucinamide: a proteinase-activated receptor-2-activating peptide; SL-NH2 is NOT Ser-Leu-NH2 here		2.0210
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		4.7450oligopeptide
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		3.2310alkylbenzene
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.4820aromatic ether
zd 9379
ZD 9379: structure given in first source		2.0710
ly 450139
[no description available]		2.0710peptide
kw 7158
KW 7158: an afferent nerve inhibitor		3.110
ursodoxicoltaurine
tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.		210bile acid taurine conjugateanti-inflammatory agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
cardioprotective agent;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
bb-83698
BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor		2.0410
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		3.830organic molecular entity
cangrelor
cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.		2.0710adenosine 5'-phosphate;
aryl sulfide;
nucleoside triphosphate analogue;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
flag peptide
FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.		1.9910peptide
desmethylselegiline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
3-morpholino-sydnonimine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7530
mocetinostat
mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).		6.91142aminopyrimidine;
benzamides;
pyridines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
autophagy inducer;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
sch 527123
[no description available]		2.0710
fimasartan
fimasartan: an angiotensin II receptor antagonist		2.4110biphenyls
cefditoren
cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
t 1032
T 1032: a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.4420
cp 724714
2-methoxy-N-(3-(4-((3-methyl-4-((6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy)phenyl)amino)-6-quinazolinyl)-2-propenyl)acetamide: CP-724714 is the ((2E)-isomer, 1:1.5 succinate); structure in first source		2.1102-methoxy-N-[3-[4-[3-methyl-4-[(6-methyl-3-pyridinyl)oxy]anilino]-6-quinazolinyl]prop-2-enyl]acetamideantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent
rivaroxaban
Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.		2.0810aromatic amide;
lactam;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound;
oxazolidinone;
thiophenes		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
zotarolimus
zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source		2.0410lactam;
macrolide
lipid a
Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).		2.420dodecanoate ester;
lipid A;
tetradecanoate ester		Escherichia coli metabolite
treosulfan
treosulfan: immunosuppressant; RN given refers to (S-(R*,R*))-isomer		2.0410methanesulfonate ester
way 133537
[no description available]		3.110
qx-314 bromide
[no description available]		2.0310
(S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride
(S)-fluoxetine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of (S)-fluoxetine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid.		2.4420hydrochlorideantidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
bts 67582
[no description available]		2.420
dapagliflozin
[no description available]		5.3133aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
hmr 1556
HMR 1556: an I(Ks) channel blocker; structure in first source		3.110
sr 59230a
3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-1-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphth-1-ylamino)-2-propanol oxalate: structure given in first source		2.4420
u 74389g
[no description available]		2.4420
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		3.1450
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
y 27632, dihydrochloride, (4(r)-trans)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
kr 30450
KR 30450: activates the cardiac ATP-sensitive potassium channel; structure in first source		2.6830
rs 79948-197
RS 79948-197: structure given in first source		2.0410
bn 52020
[no description available]		2.4520
mcc-950
[no description available]		4.1920
tivozanib
N-(2-chloro-4-((6,7-dimethoxy-4-quinolyl)oxy)phenyl)-N'-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)urea: KNR-951 is the HCl, monohydrate salt; an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		3.5110aromatic ether
hki 272
[no description available]		2.0810nitrile;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
nkp 608
[no description available]		2.0410
ginsenoside rg3
ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		2.420ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
sb 203186
[no description available]		2.0510
tofacitinib
tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0810N-acylpiperidine;
nitrile;
pyrrolopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound		antirheumatic drug;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
n-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2h)-carboxamide
N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and analgesic; structure in first source		2.0610piperazines;
pyridines
rhodamine 123
[no description available]		2.0110organic chloride salt;
xanthene dye		fluorochrome
tryprostatin a
tryprostatin A: isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus; a mammalian cell cycle inhibitor; structure given in first source. tryprostatin A : A cyclic dipeptide that is brevianamide F (cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro) substituted at positions 2 and 6 on the indole ring by prenyl and methoxy groups respectively.		2.1310aromatic ether;
dipeptide;
indole alkaloid;
indoles;
pyrrolopyrazine		breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor
noscapine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
pasireotide
pasireotide : A six-membered homodetic cyclic peptide composed from L-phenylglycyl, D-tryptophyl, L-lysyl, O-benzyl-L-tyrosyl, L-phenylalanyl and modified L-hydroxyproline residues joined in sequence. A somatostatin analogue with pharmacologic properties mimicking those of the natural hormone somatostatin; used (as its diaspartate salt) for treatment of Cushing's disease.		2.1110homodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		antineoplastic agent
3,4-dihydro-5-(4-(1-piperidinyl)butoxy)-1(2h)-isoquinolinone
[no description available]		2.0610
a 77636
(1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained by mixing equimolar amounts of (1R,3S)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(aminomethyl)-3,4-dihydroisochromene-5,6-diol with hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective dopamine D1-like receptor agonist (pEC50 values are 8.97 and < 5 for D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Displays anti-Parkinsonian activity following oral administration in vivo.		2.4420hydrochlorideantiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
linaprazan
linaprazan: structure in first source		2.0710
ganu
GANU: differs from chlorozotocin by placement of cytotoxic group on C-1 of the glucose ring; less myelosuppressive than chlorozotocin; structure		2.0410
cgp 20712a
CGP 20712A: structure given in first source; CGP 26505, a beta1-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, is the (S)-isomer of CGP 20712A		2.4420
osu 03012
OSU 03012: a PDK-1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510antibiotic antifungal drug;
aromatic amide;
glycine derivative;
organofluorine compound;
phenanthrenes;
pyrazoles		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
n-(1-methylethyl)-1,1,2-trimethylpropylamine
N-(1-methylethyl)-1,1,2-trimethylpropylamine: an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener		3.3160
arl-67156
6-N,N-diethyl-beta,gamma-dibromomethylene-D-ATP: an inhibitor of ecto-ATPase		210
n-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide
N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide: inhibits rat renal microsomal arachidonic acid epoxidation		2.4320
linagliptin
Linagliptin: A purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.. linagliptin : A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.		9.9521aminopiperidine;
quinazolines		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		3.6120aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
lecozotan
lecozotan: structure in first source		2.0710
tribulus
Tribulus: A plant genus of the family ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Members contain steroidal saponins. Ingestion by grazing animals causes PHOTOSENSITIVITY DISORDERS called geeldikkop (yellow thick head) in South Africa.		2.0310
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.0510benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
levodopa methyl ester hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		3.2310
benalfocin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1h-indole
2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-indole: an imidazoline compound; structure given in first source		2.9340
ar c155858
AR C155858: an MCT1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0710
troglitazone sulfate
troglitazone sulfate: metabolite of troglitazone; structure in first source		210aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone
3-epi-fagomine
3-epi-fagomine : A member of the class of hydroxypiperidines that is piperidine carrying a hydroxymethyl substituent at position 2 as well as two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 (the 2R,3R,4S-diastereomer).		1.9910amino monosaccharide;
hydroxypiperidine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
triol		EC 3.2.1.10 (oligo-1,6-glucosidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.23 (beta-galactosidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
lu 19005
[no description available]		2.4420
ko 143
[no description available]		3.8930beta-carbolines;
tert-butyl ester
n-allylsecoboldine
N-allylsecoboldine: structure given in first source		1.9810
eugenosedin-a
eugenosedin-A: antioxidant; protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced hypotension, hyperglycaemia and cytokine immunoreactivity in rats and mice		2.8220
benoxathian hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
((2-n-butyl-6,7-dichloro-2-cyclopentyl-2,3-dihydro-1-oxo-1h-inden-5-yl)oxy)acetic acid, (+)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
n-cyclopropyl adenosine-5'-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.0310
cj 033466
CJ 033466: structure in first source		2.0610
piragliatin
piragliatin: glucokinase activator		8.5111
(S)-Isosclerone
[no description available]		2.4110tetralins
kmup 1
KMUP 1: a potassium channel opener and stimulator of the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway; structure in first source		210
amg 009
AMG 009: an anti-inflammatory agent; structure in first source		2.0810
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		5.4580
vinflunine
vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.		2.0510acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
cefotaxime sodium
[no description available]		2.7730organic sodium salt
baci-im
[no description available]		3.5920homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
ucn 1028 c
calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides		3.2560
acebutolol
alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.		2.6830alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
Diosmetin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside
[no description available]		2.2110flavonoids;
glycoside
metamelfalan
[no description available]		2.0410
regorafenib
[no description available]		3.8620(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
calpain inhibitor iii
calpain inhibitor III: potential anticataract drug		2.7530
6-[[5-fluoro-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-4-pyrimidinyl]amino]-2,2-dimethyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3-one
[no description available]		2.0710methoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
brimonidine tartrate
Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.		3.150
bms 477118
[no description available]		3.2310adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		4.6280nystatins
vx 765
belnacasan: a NSAID		3.3110dipeptide
alogliptin
alogliptin: structure in first source. alogliptin : A piperidine that is 3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine carrying additional 2-cyanobenzyl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl groups at positions 1 and 2 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used in the form of its benzoate salt for treatment of type 2 diabetes.		5.3122nitrile;
piperidines;
primary amino compound;
pyrimidines		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
GR 127935 hydrochloride
GR 127935 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of GR 127935 with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.		2.4420hydrochlorideserotonergic antagonist
5-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone
5-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone: neuroprotective compound from rhizomes of Imperata cylindrica; structure in first source		2.2110
mrs 1845
[no description available]		2.4420
sitagliptin phosphate
Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.		8.88166
col-144
lasmiditan: a high-affinity, highly selective serotonin 5-HT(1F) receptor agonist; structure in first source		2.4110
veratridine
Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.		1.9810
milnacipran
[no description available]		3.5720acetamides
vindesine
[no description available]		2.4420
fostamatinib
fostamatinib: a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitor, metabolized to R406		3.5110
resatorvid
[no description available]		3.2310
anemoside a3
anemoside A3: induces relaxation in rat renal arteries; from the root of Pulsatilla chinensis; structure in first source		2.0510
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		3.8830
lj 529
[no description available]		2.1510
2-((2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino)benzeneacetic acid 4-(3h-1,2-dithiol-3-thione-5-yl)phenyl ester
2-((2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino)benzeneacetic acid 4-(3H-1,2-dithiol-3-thione-5-yl)phenyl ester: an NSAID; structure in first source		2.0410
empagliflozin
[no description available]		2.3110aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
tetrahydrofuryl ether		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
diflucortolone
Diflucortolone: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
alaproclate hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
brl 15572
BRL 15572: specific for h5-HT(1D) receptors; structure in first source. 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of 3-[4-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1,1-diphenylpropan-2-ol. A selective h5-HT1D antagonist, displaying 60-fold selectivity over h5-HT1B, and exhibiting little or no affinity for a range of other receptor types.		2.0810hydrochlorideprodrug;
serotonergic antagonist
ubenimex
[no description available]		2.4420peptide
3-chloroalanine hydrochloride, (l-ala)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
dsp 4 hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		5.66250benzoxazole
(2-(2',6'-dimethoxy)phenoxyethylamino)methylbenzodioxan hydrochloride
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethanamine with one equivalent of hydrogen chloride. An alpha1A-adrenergic selective antagonist.		2.4420hydrochloridealpha-adrenergic antagonist
2-cyclooctyl-2-hydroxyethylamine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
cirazoline monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
dihydroouabain
dihydroouabain: RN given refers to (1beta,3beta,5beta,11alpha,20xi)-isomer. dihydroouabain : A cardenolide glycoside that is ouabain in which the double bond in the lactone ring has been reduced to a single bond. It is a cardiac glycoside and a derivative of ouabain which is used as a sodium pump antagonist and exhibits ionotropic effects.		210
adtn
[no description available]		2.4420
apocodeine hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
2-hydroxyapomorphine, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0510
Dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.0310indoles
lilly 78335
[no description available]		2.4420
efaroxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
fenoldopam hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.4420
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride
1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt that is obtained by reaction of 1-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine with two equivalents of hydrogen chloride. Potent and selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake (KD = 5.5 nM in rat striatal membranes).		2.4420hydrochloridedopamine uptake inhibitor
guvacine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide
[no description available]		2.4420
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide, (r)-isomer,
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity
1-(2-(4-(4-fluoro-benzoyl)-piperidin-1-yl)-ethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dihydro-indol-2-one
LY-310762 hydrochloride : A hydrochloride resulting from the formal reation of equimolar amount of LY-310762 with hydrogen chloride. A potent and selective antagonist for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1D (5-HT1D) receptor.		2.4420hydrochloridereceptor modulator;
serotonergic antagonist
4-iodoclonidine
[no description available]		2.4420
4-methylpyrazole monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
tele-methylhistamine
[no description available]		2.0310
alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester, monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
octoclothepine maleate
[no description available]		3.8630
2-(n-phenethyl-n-propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
du 24565
[no description available]		2.4420
2-methoxyidazoxan hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.4420
N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide
N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide : A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-methyl-6-chloro-1-(3-methylphenyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (Ki values are 1.18, 7.56, 920 and 399 nM for rat D1, D5, D2 and D3 receptors respectively). May act as an antagonist in vivo, producing anti-Parkinsonian effects and antagonising the behavioral effects of cocaine.		2.0510hydrobromidedopamine agonist;
prodrug
ro 25-6981
[no description available]		2.4420
sk&f 77434
N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol hydrobromide : A hydrobromide salt prepared from N-allyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol and one equivalent of hydrogen bromide. Selective dopamine D1-like receptor partial agonist (IC50 values are 19.7 and 2425 nM for binding to D1-like and D2-like receptors respectively). Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo.		2.4420hydrobromidedopamine agonist;
prodrug
3-[(6aR,9R,10aR)-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4H-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-yl]-1,1-diethylurea
[no description available]		2.4420organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		2.0310
indocyanine green
Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.		2.38201,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		4.7490
vindoline
[no description available]		2.2110
dactolisib
dactolisib: antineoplastic agent that inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR. dactolisib : An imidazoquinoline that is 3-methyl-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline substituted at position 1 by a 4-(1-cyanoisopropyl)phenyl group and at position 8 by a quinolin-3-yl group. A dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor used in cancer treatment.		2.0810imidazoquinoline;
nitrile;
quinolines;
ring assembly;
ureas		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
mTOR inhibitor
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		6.1172
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.0510
demethylcantharidin
demethylcantharidin: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source		2.4420
phytosterols
Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.		2.0310
atropine sulfate
[no description available]		2.7430
rifamycins
[no description available]		210
2-((3-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)glucopyranose
[no description available]		2.0410
ro 6-4563
glibornuride: was MH 1975-92 (see under SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SULFONYLUREA COMPOUNDS to search GLIBORNURIDE 1975-92; an oral, sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion		3.150monoterpenoid
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		2.6730
eosine i bluish
Eosine I Bluish: A red fluorescein dye used as a histologic stain. It may be cytotoxic, mutagenic, and inhibit certain mitochondrial functions.		2.3920organic sodium saltfluorescent dye;
histological dye
1-deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0310
butaprost
butaprost: highly selective prostaglandin receptor agonist; structure given in first source		2.0210
turkesterone
[no description available]		210steroid
rabeprazole sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
icatibant
icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.		2.9340
win 62577
[no description available]		2.4420
hmr 1098
HMR 1098: KATP channel blocker; structure in first source		3.2660
l 364373
L 364373: structure in first source		2.0710
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		3.4980organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tin mesoporphyrin
tin mesoporphyrin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrogen, (SP-4-2)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 5/88		2.0310
amodiaquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9740
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.		2.7230
17,18-epoxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid
17,18-epoxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: can be metabolized to novel epoxyprostaglandins		2.0510EpETEmetabolite
bisaramil
[no description available]		2.0410
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		3.2260
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		3.6120polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
somatostatin
[no description available]		2.0810heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone
atrial natriuretic factor
Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.		3.95130polypeptide
teicoplanin
teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.		2.4520
tannins
gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).		2.0510tannin
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		3.2310
ganirelix
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
endothelin 1, ala(1,3,11,15)-
endothelin 1, Ala(1,3,11,15)-: alanyl residues substituted for cysteinyl in endothelin-1; RN given refers to (all-L)-isomer; has been used as a radioligand, highly selective for ET(B) receptor		2.3920
nociceptin
[no description available]		2.4420organic molecular entity;
polypeptide		human metabolite;
rat metabolite
galantide
galantide: consists of 20-amino acid residues, 12 AA from the N-terminal of galanin and the C-terminal part of Substance P; blocks the galanin-mediated inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion; amino acid sequence given in first source		2.3920
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)amide: potent stimulator of insulin released in perfused mammalian pancreas		3.7921
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		1.9510
gramicidin a
Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.		2.7230
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		13.6911625peptide hormone
mast cell degranulating peptide
mast cell degranulating peptide: isolated from bee venoms; made up of 22 amino acids; has 2 disulfide bridges		1.9910
beta-endorphin
beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).		2.0110
sauvagine
sauvagine: isolated from skin of South American hylid frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has hypotensive & antidiuretic effect; potent stimulating action on secretion of ACTH & corticosterone; inhibitory effect on secretion of PRL, GH, & TSH; consists of straight chain of 40 amino acid residues		210
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		3.2460
heliodermin
heliodermin: MW 5,900 peptide with secretin-like properties		2.420
teriparatide
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
s6c sarafotoxin
sarafotoxins s6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis; has strong cardiotoxic activity; all contain 21 amino acid residues; see also endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor		2.3820
iberiotoxin
[no description available]		5.991060
salmon calcitonin
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone;
polypeptide		bone density conservation agent;
metabolite
irl 1620
sovateltide: a potent, specific ligand for the endothelin-B receptor		2.3920
glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36)
[no description available]		2.110
tannins
Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.		2.5220
ly-146032
[no description available]		4.0840heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin
[no description available]		2.0410carbohydrate acid derivative;
glycopeptide;
monosaccharide derivative;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
liraglutide
[no description available]		4.8321lipopeptide;
polypeptide		glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
glucagon-like peptide 1
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.		11.36348
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		3.2310polypeptide
insulin detemir
Insulin Detemir: A recombinant long-acting insulin and hypoglycemic agent in which a MYRISTIC ACID is conjugated to a LYSINE at position B29. It is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE levels in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS.		7.6320
incretins
Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially.		10.1896
c-peptide
C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.		16.4914588
exenatide
[no description available]		3.2310
natriuretic peptide, c-type
Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.		2.4220
N-[[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyrazolyl]methyl]-2-(2-pyridinyl)ethanamine
[no description available]		2.1310pyrazoles;
ring assembly
warfarin sodium
warfarin sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin sodium. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.		2.0810
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		4.7971glycoside
quinine sulfate
[no description available]		2.4420hydrate
quercetin
[no description available]		2.4420
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		6.92261
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		3.731001,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
atractyloside
Atractyloside: A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.		2.4920
rv 538, (r-(r*,r*))-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (1s-cis)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		3.1110chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
thimerosal
Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent.		1.9810alkylmercury compoundantifungal drug;
antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
drug allergen
azd 7545
AZD 7545: an anilide tertiary carbinol; a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 inhibitor. AZD7545 : A sulfone that is benzene substituted by [4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]sulfonyl, chloro and [(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4, respectively. It is a potent and non-ATP-competitive inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDHK2) with IC50 of 6.4 nM and exhibits glucose-lowering activity. Also inhibits PDHK1 at higher levels (IC50 = 36.8 nM).		2.0710benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary carboxamide;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary carboxamide		EC 2.7.11.2 - [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
pravastatin sodium
pravastatin sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of pravastatin. A reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), it is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		2.0810organic sodium salt;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug
alendronate sodium
[no description available]		2.0810
hoe 33342
bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye		2.0710
sodium salicylate
[no description available]		2.9240organic molecular entity
valproate sodium
Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent. sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid.. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid.		2.4520organic sodium saltgeroprotector
ubiquinone
Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.		2.5520
sl 80.0750
[no description available]		2.0810
flucloronide
flucloronide: synthetic glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line & Index Medicus search PREGNADIENETROLS (75-83); RN given refers to (6alpha,11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure		2.041021-hydroxy steroid
calpain
Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.		2.4820
lucifer yellow
lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt		2.420organic lithium saltfluorochrome
sapogenins
Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.		210
chitosan
[no description available]		8.0340
9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine
[no description available]		3.4170
bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol
bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials		2.4120
s-nitro-n-acetylpenicillamine
S-nitro-N-acetylpenicillamine: a NO donor		3.6190
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		4.4360organosulfonic acid
u 63557a
[no description available]		2.0310
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		4.181703',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
ampicillin sodium
[no description available]		2.1310organic sodium salt
cerivastatin sodium
cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
statin (synthetic)
penicillin g potassium
benzylpenicillin potassium : Organic potassium salt of benzylpenicillin.		2.1310organic potassium salt
clavulanate potassium
potassium clavulanate : A potassium salt having clavulanate as the counterion. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes and has only weak anitbiotic activity when administered alone. However it can be used in combination with amoxicillin trihydrate (under the trade name Augmentin) for treatment of a variety of bacterial infections, where it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamases.		2.4820potassium saltantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefamandole nafate
[no description available]		2.0210organic sodium saltantibacterial drug;
prodrug
cytomel
liothyronine sodium : The sodium salt of liothyronine. Thought to be more active than levothyroxine and with a rapid (few hours) onset and short duration of action, liothyronine sodium is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism, particularly in cases of hypothyroid coma.		2.0710organic sodium salt
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt
[no description available]		4.2450bile salt
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		3.2310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
cefmetazole sodium
cefmetazole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefmetazole.		2.0310organic sodium saltantimicrobial agent
piperacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.5120organic sodium salt
monensin
[no description available]		2.0510
cefoxitin sodium
[no description available]		2.1310organic molecular entity
sodium iothalamate
[no description available]		3.5920
nafcillin sodium
[no description available]		2.1310organic sodium salt
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.4720organic sodium salt
cefamandole nafate
cefamandole sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of cefamandole.		2.1310organic sodium saltantibacterial drug
sodium diatrizoate
histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.4920organic sodium salt;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
fusidate sodium
[no description available]		2.4420
estrone sulfate, potassium salt
[no description available]		2.1310
pd 180988
PD 180988: endothelin-A-receptor antagonist		2.0110
cephapirin sodium
cephapirin sodium : The sodium salt of cephapirin. A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, it is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. Being more resistant to beta-lactamases than penicillins, it is effective agains most staphylococci, though not methicillin-resistant staphylococci.		2.0310cephalosporin;
organic sodium salt		antibacterial drug
sodium cephalothin
[no description available]		2.0310organic sodium salt
cefazolin sodium
cefazolin sodium : A cephalosporin organic sodium salt having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups.		2.9840organic sodium salt
sodium glutamate
Sodium Glutamate: One of the FLAVORING AGENTS used to impart a meat-like flavor.. monosodium glutamate : An organic sodium salt that is the monosodium salt of glutamic acid.		2.5520monosodium glutamateflavouring agent
5-hydroxydecanoic acid, monosodium salt
[no description available]		2.0310
ro13-9904
Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.		2.0310
phenytoin sodium
[no description available]		2.0310
naproxen sodium
naproxen sodium : An organic sodium salt consisting of equimolar amounts of naproxen(1-) anions and sodium anions.		2.1310organic sodium saltantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cr 1409
lorglumide sodium : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide sodium.		2.0310
azlocillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0810organic sodium salt
mersalyl
Mersalyl: A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.		210
cortisol succinate, sodium salt
hydrocortisone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; Synonyms Solu-Cortef & sopolcort H refer to Na salt		2.4420organic molecular entity
s-adenosylmethionine
(R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.		2.4920organic cation;
sulfonium compound		coenzyme;
cofactor;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gdc 0449
HhAntag691: inhibits the hedgehog pathway and ABC transporters; has antineoplastic activity		3.5110benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
sulfone		antineoplastic agent;
Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor;
SMO receptor antagonist;
teratogenic agent
canagliflozin
canagliflozin hydrate : A hydrate that is the hemihydrate form of canagliflozin. Used for treatment of type II diabetes via inhibition of sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2.		2.1310C-glycosyl compound;
organofluorine compound;
thiophenes		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
ponatinib
[no description available]		3.5110(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
acetylenic compound;
benzamides;
imidazopyridazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ethyl cellulose
[no description available]		2.0810glycoside
insulin, isophane
Insulin, Isophane: An intermediate-acting INSULIN preparation with onset time of 2 hours and duration of 24 hours. It is produced by crystallizing ZINC-insulin-PROTAMINES at neutral pH 7. Thus it is called neutral protamine Hagedorn for inventor Hans Christian Hagedorn.		8.011814
tak-875
[no description available]		3.3960biphenyls
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene
[no description available]		2.6930BODIPY compound
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		6.57151
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		3.5820oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
atrial natriuretic factor (4-23)nh2, de-gln(18)-de-ser(19)-de-gly(20,22)-de-leu(21)-
[no description available]		210
hainanolide
hainanolide: from bark of Cephalotaxux hainensis		2.0410
mannans
[no description available]		5.1662
cobicistat
[no description available]		3.51101,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
morpholines;
ureas		P450 inhibitor
taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate
taurolithocholic acid sulfate(2-) : A steroid sulfate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of both sulfo groups of taurolithocholic acid sulfate; major species at pH 7.3.		210steroid sulfate oxoanionhuman metabolite
gliocladic acid
gliocladic acid: from Gliocladium virens, Chaetomium globosum & Trichoderma viride; structure given in first source		2.0410p-menthane monoterpenoid
11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid
11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (11S,12R)-EET : An 11,12-EET in which the epoxy moiety has 11S,12R-configuration.. 11,12-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid.		21011,12-EEThuman xenobiotic metabolite
a 967079
A 967079: a TRPA1 channel antagonist; structure in first source		2.0710
m&b 28,767
11-deoxy-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranorprostaglandin E1: an EP3 agonist; RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2beta(1E,3R*)))-isomer		2.0210
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		15.4111320
pht 427
4-dodecyl-N-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source		2.0710
endothelins
[no description available]		2.0810
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.9840
cleistanthin
cleistanthin: lignan lactone toxic glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb); structure. cleistanthin A : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is the 4-O-3,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside of 1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-ol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7, and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 9. It is one of the toxic principles in Cleistanthus collinus.		2.4320cleistanthins;
xylose derivative		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
bm 42304
[no description available]		3.3611
exenatide
Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.		12.5382
gsk0660
GSK0660: PPAR antagonist; structure in first source		2.6320sulfonamide
gyy 4137
GYY 4137: has vasodilator, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		2.7830organic molecular entity
alectinib
[no description available]		3.5110aromatic ketone;
morpholines;
nitrile;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
piperidines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
nimorazole
[no description available]		2.0410
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		3.2250
vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).		4.25180
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		4.1131polypeptide
lesinurad
lesinurad: a uric acid reabsorption inhibitor. lesinurad : A member of the class of triazoles that is [(3-bromo-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]acetic acid substituted at position 1 of the triazole ring by a 4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl group. Used for treatment of gout.		2.4110aryl sulfide;
cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
naphthalenes;
organobromine compound;
triazoles		uricosuric drug
caffeinol
caffeinol: has neuroprotective effects		2.0310
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		5.33170ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
raltegravir
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		5.3670carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		5.74150
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		2.9640
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		4.5470
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		5.2690
methacycline
Methacycline: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.. methacycline : A tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6.		2.0310
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		3.2360monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		2.7530hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		7.28181benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex
roquinimex: structure in first source		2.7530aromatic amide
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		4.3341C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
meclocycline
[no description available]		2.0210
bactobolin
bactobolin: from Pseudomonas sp. BN-183; has MF C14-H20-Cl2-N2-O6; RN given refers to parent cpd(R*)-isomer		2.0410amino acid amide
lfm a13
LFM-A13 : An enamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2Z)-2-cyano-3-hydroxybut-2-enoic acid with the amino group of 2,5-dibromoaniline. It is a dual-function inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and Polo-like kinases (PLK) that exhibits anticancer properties.		2.0310aromatic amide;
dibromobenzene;
enamide;
enol;
nitrile;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.21 (polo kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		4.861001,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		5.3121heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		3.3160benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		7.83331benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
bromadiolone
[no description available]		2.0510diarylheptanoid
6-o-palmitoylascorbic acid
[no description available]		2.0510fatty acid ester
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		3.8530
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		2.0510hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		3.8630sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
l 701324
L 701324: a glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0310quinolines
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		2.4520
sudoxicam
sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)		2.0510
hispidin
hispidin: metabolite of Basidiomycete Polyporus hispidus. hispidin : Fungal metabolite first found in basidiomycete Inonotus hispidus (formerly Polyporus hispidus).		2.44202-pyranones;
catechols		antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite
minocycline hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.7430
demeclocycline hydrochloride
demeclocycline hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of demeclocycline. A tetracycline antibiotic, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		2.7530
tigecycline
[no description available]		4.0840
(S)-warfarin
(S)-warfarin : A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).		2.46204-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one
sancycline
sancycline: RN given refers to parent cpd		210
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		4.2250heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
omega-agatoxin iva
omega-Agatoxin IVA: A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE.		210
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.		2.0310
charybdotoxin
[no description available]		12.221470
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.4220
phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.		2.1310
clomipramine
sodium green: a new fluorescent sodium indicator; no further information available 3/96. sodium green : A quaternary ammonium salt that is the tetrakis(N,N,N-trimethylmethammonium) salt of 5-({[4-(13-{4-[({3-carboxy-4-[(2,7-dichloro-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)methyl]phenyl}carbonyl)amino]-2,5-bis(methyloxy)phenyl}-1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecan-7-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-(methyloxy)phenyl]amino}carbonyl)-2-(2,7-dichloro-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.		2.0110quaternary ammonium saltfluorochrome
okadaic acid
Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.		3.2560ketal
am 1638
[no description available]		2.1710
tan 67
TAN 67: a non-peptidic selective delta-opioid receptor agonist; structure given in first source		2.4120
ajmaline
[no description available]		2.4320
bgp 15
BGP 15: A PARP (poy(ADP)-ribose polymerase) inhibitor; structure in first source; do not confuse with BGP-15 calcipotriene cpd		2.2510
chebulic acid
chebulic acid: from the ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula		2.0810
hirudin
Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.		2.0310
formycin triphosphate
formycin triphosphate: formycin ATP analog		1.9910
fertinex
[no description available]		3.2310
3-hydroxy-4-prenyl-5-methoxystilbene-2-carboxylic acid
3-hydroxy-4-prenyl-5-methoxystilbene-2-carboxylic acid: isolated from pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan; structure in first source		2.0710
oligomycins
Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).		3.4880
nip142
[no description available]		2.0310
crotamine
crotamine: polypeptide basic toxin isolated from venom of rattlesnake Crotalus durrisus terrificus		2.0210
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor		2.1310
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		1.9510
adrenomedullin
Adrenomedullin: A 52-amino acid peptide with multi-functions. It was originally isolated from PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and ADRENAL MEDULLA but is widely distributed throughout the body including lung and kidney tissues. Besides controlling fluid-electrolyte homeostasis, adrenomedullin is a potent vasodilator and can inhibit pituitary ACTH secretion.		4.02140
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		210
oridonin
[no description available]		2.2510
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		6.9143
aconitine
Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.		2.0110
refludan
lepirudin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide composed of 65 amino acids joined in sequence and cyclised by three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 6-14, 16-28 and 22-39. It is a highly specific inhibitor of thrombin and used as an anticoagulant in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.		2.0310
insulin glargine
Insulin Glargine: A recombinant LONG ACTING INSULIN and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that is used to manage BLOOD GLUCOSE in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS.		5.861
norgestrel
Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis.		2.0310
oxyntomodulin
Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.		4.7671
margatoxin
[no description available]		3.2760
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		3.97130
cytochalasin d
Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis.		3.1150
peptide yy
Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence.		1.9810
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55)
[no description available]		2.1110
digitonin
Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.		210
protopanaxadiol
protopanaxadiol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; has antineoplastic activity; acid hydrolysis results in panaxadiol. protopanaxadiol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng) that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		210
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		2.0710
apyrase
Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5.		2.7130
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		2.7230
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		2.4220
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		3.8221
protopanaxatriol
protopanaxatriol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; acid hydrolysis leads to panaxatriol. protopanaxatriol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng and notoginseng) that is that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		210
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		3.87302-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
chir 258
[no description available]		3.5110
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		5.971902-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		6.949103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sepiapterin
sepiapterin: A substrate of sepiapterin reductase		2.0310sepiapterin
diguanosine tetraphosphate
P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-guanosyl) tetraphosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate compound having 5'-guanosyl residues at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions.		2.0510guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-tetraphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		3.4411purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate
Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		9.24180guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		2.0510guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		3.78110guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
hypoxanthine
[no description available]		2.4620nucleobase analogue;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		fundamental metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		3.1250inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine triphosphate
Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.		2.4220inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inosine diphosphate
Inosine Diphosphate: An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		210inosine phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		8.7493folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		2.9140nucleoside triphosphate analogue
isoxanthopterin
[no description available]		2.0310dihydroxypteridine
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		9.84302cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		5.67240benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		4.4260dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		4.5470purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		5.021202-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valtrex
[no description available]		2.0810organic molecular entity
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		4.7650L-valyl esterantiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		5.02120piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		4.94110benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		3.14502-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
oxypurinol
Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.		2.0510pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast
zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure		3.580triazolopyrimidines
raltitrexed
[no description available]		2.4720N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		4.2550imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
kf38789
KF38789: a non-carbohydrate low MW cpd that Inhibits P-selectin specific cell adhesion; structure in first source		2.1310
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		6.03210nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
noc 7
3-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-nitrosohydrazino)-N-methyl-1-propanamine: inhibits the secretion of adrenal catecholamines induced by splanchnic nerve stimulation through activation of BK(Ca) channels		2.420
2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine
2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine: a nitric oxide (NO) generating compound. 1,1-bis(2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-3-oxotriazane : A nitroso compound that is triazane in which the the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by two 2-aminoethyl groups, that at position 2 is substituted by a hydroxy group, and that at position 3 is substituted by an oxo group.		2.0410
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		2.0410nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		3.6120tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		4.5470formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).		2.3820nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		3.6120N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
thiolactomycin
thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source		2.0310
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine
2,4-diaminohypoxanthine: do not confuse abbreviation DAHP with various dehydro-deoxy-arabino-heptulosonic acid phosphates which also use DAHP; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310hydroxypyrimidine
noc 18
NOC 18: releases nitric oxide; structure in first source		2.0310
alanosine
[no description available]		2.4520
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		3.2310imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		4.0840carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
norclozapine
norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.		2.0610dibenzodiazepine;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		delta-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
pralidoxime iodide
pralidoxime iodide : An organic iodide salt that has pralidoxime as the cation.		2.1310organic iodide salt;
pyridinium salt		cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate)
[no description available]		3.2560nucleoside diphosphate analogue
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		3.7120N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
7-deazaguanosine
7-deazaguanosine: structure given in first source		2.0410
bpdz 44
BPDZ 44: an activator of ATP-sensitive potassium channels; structure in first source		1.9910
7-chloro-3-isopropylamino-4h-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide
7-chloro-3-isopropylamino-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide: activates ATP-sensitive potassium channels; structure in first source		210
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		2.4520aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		5.64171citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.2310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		4.0840(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
phosphoramide;
triazoles		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
prodrug
tegaserod maleate
[no description available]		2.0810maleate saltserotonergic agonist
ceftobiprole
ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).		2.0410cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles		antimicrobial agent
pyrazofurin
pirazofurin : A C-glycosyl compound that is 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.		2.0410C-glycosyl compound;
pyrazoles		antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
rifabutin
[no description available]		4.7790
quazinone
[no description available]		2.0310
8-bromocyclic gmp, sodium salt
sodium 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : An organic sodium salt having 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate as the counterion. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.		2.4420organic sodium saltmuscle relaxant;
protein kinase G agonist
8-bromocyclic gmp
8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.		4.141603',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
organobromine compound		muscle relaxant;
protein kinase G agonist
ag-879
AG-879: structure given in first source		2.4420
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		2.4220
2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-quinazolin-4-one
[no description available]		3.3510quinazolines
n(10)-methylfolate
[no description available]		2.0410folic acids
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		2.1310nitroso compoundalkylating agent
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid
5-methyltetrahydrohomofolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		3.4411guanosinesbiomarker
coelenterazine
coelenterazine: active group in AEQUORIN, a coelenterate luciferin. Oplophorus luciferin : An imidazopyrazine that is imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one in which positions 2, 6, and 8 are substituted by 4-hydroxybenzyl, 4-hydroxyphenyl, and benzyl groups, respectively.		2.0610
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-gmp
8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cGMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.		1.99103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
ribonucleotide		protein kinase agonist
pralidoxime chloride
[no description available]		2.1310organic chloride salt;
pyridinium salt		cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
desmethylolanzapine
desmethylolanzapine: structure in first source		2.0610benzodiazepine
amg531
[no description available]		3.5110
formycins
Formycins: Pyrazolopyrimidine ribonucleosides isolated from Nocardia interforma. They are antineoplastic antibiotics with cytostatic properties.		2.3920
ninopterin
ninopterin: structure		2.0410
carbadox
Carbadox: An antibacterial agent that has been used in veterinary practice for treating swine dysentery and enteritis and for promoting growth. However, its use has been prohibited in the UK following reports of carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p125)		2.0710quinoxaline derivative
levomefolate calcium
levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.2310organic calcium saltantidepressant
dibutyryl cyclic gmp
Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.		210
fenobam
fenobam: in USAN fenobam refers to monohydrate		2.0710ureas
eye
[no description available]		4.0631
trypsinogen
Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)		1.9510
dinitrobenzenes
Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.		2.0510
2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein
[no description available]		2.4220
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		3.0650
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		7.22104
res 701-1
RES 701-1: a cyclic polypeptide consisting of 16 amino acids; isolated from Streptomyces sp RE-701; amino acid sequence given in first source; an ET(B) endothelin receptor antagonist		210
aluminum magnesium silicate
aluminum magnesium silicate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified composition		2.1310
filipin
Filipin: A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.		2.0710
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		3.1550
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		05.36220
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		05.36220
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		010.494280
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		06.581950
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		05.9591
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		05.9591
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		011.81712
Death, Sudden
The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.		0210
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		011.81712
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		07.41105
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		03.6130
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		013.4319411
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		07.41105
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		03.6130
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.		03.3220
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		013.4319411
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		04.1560
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		04.1560
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		04.0250
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		04.0250
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		07.31151
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		07.31151
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		016.2812525
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		021.2812525
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		05.79140
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		05.79140
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		07.02422
Nicotine Addiction
[description not available]		02.0310
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		04.7471
Tobacco Use Disorder
Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.		02.0310
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		031.062,8572,298
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		09.931882
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		133.062,8572,298
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		08.88211
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		08.88211
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		04.16160
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		04.16160
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		06.2394
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		06.2394
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		03.1950
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		03.1950
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		012.94507
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		012.94507
Encephalitis, Polio
[description not available]		02.0610
Poliomyelitis
An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)		02.0610
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		04.62100
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		04.62100
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		06.3982
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		06.3982
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
[description not available]		05.57160
Glucose Intolerance
A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.		05.57160
Astrocytoma, Grade IV
[description not available]		02.0710
Glioblastoma
A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.		02.0710
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		010.22494
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		130.85638239
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		04.4580
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		04.4580
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		017.2117558
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.4220
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.4220
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		020.4933757
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		020.4933757
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		014.918731
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		019.918731
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.5820
Itching
[description not available]		03.0340
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		02.5820
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		03.0340
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Calculus, Dental
[description not available]		02.4110
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		010.25691
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		010.25691
Ache
[description not available]		06.61471
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		06.61471
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		06.82390
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		06.82390
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		08.2460
Asystole
[description not available]		03.99120
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		03.99120
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational
[description not available]		019.2117528
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		019.6826128
Diabetes, Gestational
Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.		121.2117528
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		010.7353
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		04.29180
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		04.29180
Neurogenic Inflammation
Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury.		03.2310
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		014.19479
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		07.71121
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		014.19479
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		07.71121
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		03.9530
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		03.0140
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.5120
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		03.0140
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.5120
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia
A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.		07.11182
Hyperinsulinism
A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.		07.11182
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		021.15264194
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic
[description not available]		04.2431
Pericementitis
[description not available]		02.4110
Alveolar Bone Atrophy
[description not available]		02.4110
Dental Occlusion, Traumatic
An occlusion resulting in overstrain and injury to teeth, periodontal tissue, or other oral structures.		02.4110
Periodontitis
Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)		02.4110
Fetal Macrosomia
A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.		013.49288
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		019.794230
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.8130
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.8130
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		03.811
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		03.811
Apoplexy
[description not available]		012.97368
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		114.97368
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		04.15150
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		04.9280
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		05.9551
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		16.15150
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		04.9280
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		05.9551
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		03.0540
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		010.4637
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		010.4637
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve
[description not available]		02.4110
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		02.7220
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		02.7220
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		02.4110
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		02.4110
Aura
[description not available]		05.95150
Decreased Muscle Tone
[description not available]		03.3310
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		05.95150
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		05.9991
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		05.9991
Anasarca
[description not available]		07.05111
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		07.05111
Cytokine Release Syndrome
A severe immune reaction characterized by excessive release of CYTOKINES. Symptoms include DYSPNEA; FEVER; HEADACHE; HYPOTENSION; NAUSEA; RASH; TACHYCARDIA; HYPOXIA; HYPERFERRITINEMIA, and MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE. It is associated with viral infections, SEPSIS; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES and a variety of factors used in IMMUNOTHERAPY.		06.8990
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		06.91100
Acidosis, Diabetic
[description not available]		06.69201
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.		06.69201
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		012.121282
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		017.121282
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		017.92306
Anoxemia
[description not available]		07.141360
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		07.141360
Brain Contusion
A bruise of the brain from an impact of the skull.		04.0840
Encephalopathy, Traumatic
[description not available]		06.76102
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.		06.76102
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		03.4870
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		03.4870
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		02.7620
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		02.7620
Double Aortic Arch
[description not available]		02.610
Bruise
[description not available]		03.8230
Bleeding
[description not available]		04.2360
Contusions
Injuries resulting in hemorrhage, usually manifested in the skin.		03.8230
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		04.2360
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis
[description not available]		04.3970
Pre-Eclampsia
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.		04.3970
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		02.610
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		03.4460
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		02.610
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		02.610
Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic
[description not available]		02.610
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		02.610
Paraganglioma
A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)		02.610
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		02.610
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.610
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		02.610
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		017.14495
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		017.14495
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		08.2882
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		08.2882
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		07.79141
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		19.79141
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		04.0340
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		04.0340
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.930
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		013.71222
Diabetic Nephropathies
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.		08.71222
Pregnancy in Diabetes
[description not available]		07.87180
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		04.8570
ACA Infarct
[description not available]		03.1710
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		04.8570
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		05.7941
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		04.8881
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		03.86110
Chondrodystrophic Myotonia
[description not available]		03.3150
Hypertrichosis
Excessive hair growth at inappropriate locations, such as on the extremities, the head, and the back. It is caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an androgen-independent process. This concept does not include HIRSUTISM which is an androgen-dependent excess hair growth in WOMEN and CHILDREN.		03.3150
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		03.86110
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		07.582110
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		03.9840
Cystitis
Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.		03.0340
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		03.9840
Fibrosis, Radiation
[description not available]		02.2510
Chronic Lung Injury
[description not available]		02.2510
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		02.5920
Radiation Pneumonitis
Inflammation of the lung due to harmful effects of ionizing or non-ionizing radiation.		02.2510
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		011.92345
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		011.92345
Atrial Remodeling
Long-term changes in the electrophysiological parameters and/or anatomical structures of the HEART ATRIA that result from prolonged changes in atrial rate, often associated with ATRIAL FIBRILLATION or long periods of intense EXERCISE.		02.2510
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		03.74100
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		03.74100
Abnormalities, Cardiovascular
[description not available]		02.2510
Cardiovascular Abnormalities
Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS.		02.2510
Anankastic Personality
[description not available]		02.2510
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.		02.2510
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		02.2510
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		02.2510
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.6320
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		02.2510
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		02.2510
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		02.6320
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		06.66112
Cardiac Conduction Defect
[description not available]		02.2510
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		02.4420
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		02.4420
Impotence
[description not available]		03.5680
Erectile Dysfunction
The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.		03.5680
Lung Injury, Ventilator-Induced
[description not available]		02.5320
Allodynia
[description not available]		04.2160
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		02.6320
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		02.6320
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.4220
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.4220
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		02.8130
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		04.5511
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		04.5511
American Trypanosomiasis
[description not available]		02.2510
Chagas Disease
Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.		02.2510
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden
[description not available]		03.1650
Ventricular Fibrillation
A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.		012.9412
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)		03.1650
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		03.940
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		03.940
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		02.2510
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		02.2510
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		02.2510
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		011.076712
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		113.076712
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		02.5320
Acute Ischemic Stroke
[description not available]		02.3110
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		03.2660
Myelopathy
[description not available]		02.3110
Central Nervous System Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.3110
Ischemic Stroke
Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.		14.3110
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		03.2660
Spinal Cord Diseases
Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.		02.3110
Central Nervous System Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.		02.3110
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		08.55218
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		08.55218
Brain Hemorrhage
[description not available]		04.4340
Intracranial Hemorrhages
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.		04.4340
Arterial Diseases, Carotid
[description not available]		08.78107
Carotid Artery Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.		08.78107
Celiac Sprue
[description not available]		02.3110
Celiac Disease
A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.		02.3110
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.3110
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		03.5480
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		02.3110
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
[description not available]		02.3110
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.		02.3110
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.4920
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		02.4920
Cardiometabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.		06.3753
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		015.835329
Metabolic Syndrome
A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.		06.3753
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		06.01190
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		06.7590
Absence Status
[description not available]		02.1510
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)		02.1510
Prediabetes
[description not available]		05.8991
Cachexia
General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.		02.1510
Prediabetic State
The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		05.8991
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		03.7130
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		03.7130
Bladder Neck Obstruction
[description not available]		02.5820
Apnea
A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		02.1510
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders
[description not available]		02.1710
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		02.420
Infant, Premature, Diseases
Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.		02.1710
Disomy, Uniparental
[description not available]		02.1710
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.		03.1650
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		02.5120
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		02.5120
Deficiency, Protein
[description not available]		02.1510
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		06.62102
Familial Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia 1
[description not available]		02.8330
Congenital Hyperinsulinism
A familial, nontransient HYPOGLYCEMIA with defects in negative feedback of GLUCOSE-regulated INSULIN release. Clinical phenotypes include HYPOGLYCEMIA; HYPERINSULINEMIA; SEIZURES; COMA; and often large BIRTH WEIGHT. Several sub-types exist with the most common, type 1, associated with mutations on an ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS (subfamily C, member 8).		02.8330
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		02.4520
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		02.4520
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System
[description not available]		03.0610
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.		03.0610
Cystic Echinococcosis
[description not available]		02.1510
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		03.5380
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.		02.1710
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		02.5320
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		03.7100
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		03.7100
Organophosphorus Poisoning
[description not available]		02.1710
Organophosphate Poisoning
Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.		02.1710
Ventricular Dysfunction
A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.		02.4420
Diabetic Angiopathies
VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.		027.71,8921,858
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		011.661152
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		04.81120
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		04.8121
Gestational Hypertension
[description not available]		03.3920
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (		03.3920
Craniofacial Pain
[description not available]		02.1710
Facial Pain
Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.		02.1710
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		03.9120
Licheniform Eruptions
[description not available]		03.3920
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		03.6230
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		06.29141
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		02.1710
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		06.29141
Hypoalbuminemia
A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).		02.1710
Adenoma, beta-Cell
[description not available]		06.91430
Insulinoma
A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.		06.91430
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		011.07187
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		02.1710
Injuries, Eye
[description not available]		02.1710
Eye Injuries
Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.		02.1710
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		02.5220
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		02.5220
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		05.83221
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		05.83221
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		02.4520
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		02.4520
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		04.6261
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		04.6261
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Deficiency of the protease inhibitor ALPHA 1-ANTITRYPSIN that manifests primarily as PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA and LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		02.2110
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		02.6830
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		04.8942
Leishmania Infection
[description not available]		02.4620
Leishmaniasis
A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).		07.4620
Day Blindness
[description not available]		02.2110
Leishmaniasis, American
[description not available]		03.1350
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous
An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.		03.1350
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		010.41141
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		05.41141
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		03.821
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		03.821
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		04.732
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		04.732
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.0610
Gout
Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.		02.0810
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		04.61100
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		02.7830
Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.0810
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.4820
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		02.4820
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).		02.0810
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		04.7871
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		04.7871
Metastase
[description not available]		02.6930
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		02.6930
Embryopathies
[description not available]		03.4711
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		04.3341
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		04.3341
Nociceptive Pain
Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN.		02.0810
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.110
Hyperphagia
Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.		02.0810
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.7130
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		03.150
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.7130
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		03.150
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		011.61509
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		016.61509
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		02.9540
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		02.9540
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		03.2960
Injuries, Multiple
[description not available]		02.0810
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		08.65243
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis
[description not available]		02.6930
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.9340
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		07.9340
Dry Macular Degeneration
[description not available]		02.0810
Geographic Atrophy
A form of MACULAR DEGENERATION also known as dry macular degeneration marked by occurrence of a well-defined progressive lesion or atrophy in the central part of the RETINA called the MACULA LUTEA. It is distinguishable from WET MACULAR DEGENERATION in that the latter involves neovascular exudates.		02.0810
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		03.4570
Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection
[description not available]		0340
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		03.4570
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		02.110
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		03.1150
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		03.1150
Diathesis
[description not available]		02.9540
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.5120
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		02.5120
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		02.6930
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		05.64181
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		02.6930
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		010.64181
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.110
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		02.110
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		02.7230
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.5220
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		02.7230
Spermatic Cord Torsion
The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost.		02.110
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction
[description not available]		05.2741
Brain Infarction
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.		05.2741
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		07.36161
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		07.36161
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		02.9440
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
[description not available]		04.1130
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		02.9440
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.		04.1130
Hyperandrogenism
A condition caused by the excessive secretion of ANDROGENS from the ADRENAL CORTEX; the OVARIES; or the TESTES. The clinical significance in males is negligible. In women, the common manifestations are HIRSUTISM and VIRILISM as seen in patients with POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME and ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION.		02.110
Smoking Cessation
Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.		02.110
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders
[description not available]		02.830
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		04.9381
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		09.9381
Hypercapnia
A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.		05.27121
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
[description not available]		02.110
Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative
Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes.		02.110
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic
[description not available]		02.110
Endotoxemia
A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.		03.4270
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		02.4320
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.		02.110
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		04.9381
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		04.9381
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies
Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.		02.1110
Central Core Disease
[description not available]		02.1110
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		02.1110
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		02.1110
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		010.52212
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		010.52212
Preterm Birth
[description not available]		05.8542
Stillbirth
The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.		03.8621
Neonatal Death
The death of a live-born INFANT less than 28 days of age.		03.511
Complications, Labor
[description not available]		04.1831
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		03.511
Birth Injuries
Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery.		03.511
Icterus Gravis Neonatorum
[description not available]		03.8521
Jaundice, Neonatal
Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.		03.8521
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.		03.511
Premature Birth
CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).		05.8542
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		03.4470
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.1110
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		02.1110
Amyloidosis
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.		02.4420
Overweight
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.		02.4820
Break-Bone Fever
[description not available]		02.1110
Dengue
An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.		02.1110
Dystocia
Slow or difficult OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH.		02.1310
Focal Neurologic Deficits
[description not available]		07.6454
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia
[description not available]		02.1310
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		03.72100
Hyperoxia
An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.		02.7130
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.		02.1110
Hyperthyroid
[description not available]		02.3920
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.		02.3920
Endomyocardial Fibrosis
A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).		02.1310
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		04.3640
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		06.6362
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		011.6362
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome
[description not available]		02.520
Suffocation
[description not available]		02.1310
Asphyxia
A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.		02.1310
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		06.6473
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		06.4182
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		06.4182
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		06.6473
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.1310
Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic
Ischemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. (Glaser, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2nd ed, p135)		02.1310
Nasal Catarrh
[description not available]		02.1310
Sinus Infections
[description not available]		02.1310
Nasal Polyps
Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.		02.1310
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.		02.1310
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		02.1310
Microscopic Colitis
[description not available]		02.1510
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		02.1510
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		02.1510
Colitis, Microscopic
A condition characterized by chronic watery DIARRHEA of unknown origin, a normal COLONOSCOPY but abnormal histopathology on BIOPSY. This syndrome was first described in 1980 by Read and associates. Subtypes include COLLAGENOUS COLITIS and LYMPHOCYTIC COLITIS. Both have similar clinical symptoms and are distinguishable only by histology.		02.1510
Jaundice, Cholestatic
[description not available]		02.1310
Jaundice, Obstructive
Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.		02.1310
Child Development Deviations
[description not available]		04.9480
Developmental Disabilities
Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)		04.9480
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
[description not available]		02.1510
Aneurysm, Thoracic Aortic
[description not available]		02.1510
Aortic Dissection
[description not available]		02.1510
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		02.1510
Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the THORACIC AORTA. This proximal descending portion of aorta gives rise to the visceral and the parietal branches above the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		02.1510
Acidosis, Respiratory
Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.		02.4220
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction
[description not available]		02.0410
Mouth Breathing
Abnormal breathing through the mouth, usually associated with obstructive disorders of the nasal passages.		02.0410
Nasal Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY.		02.0410
Fibroid
[description not available]		02.0410
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		02.0410
Leiomyoma
A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.		02.0410
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		02.0410
Academic Disorder, Developmental
[description not available]		02.0410
Learning Disabilities
Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.		02.0410
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		03.8221
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		05.66102
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		05.66102
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic
[description not available]		02.0510
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		03.5890
Altered Level of Consciousness
[description not available]		02.4220
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		03.5890
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		02.730
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		04.0731
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		04.0731
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain
[description not available]		04.2160
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.		04.2160
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		05.86230
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		05.86230
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		02.7430
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia
An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.		02.0510
Tooth Discoloration
Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)		02.0510
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.4620
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.0510
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		02.4620
Glycosuria
The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).		09.874117
Hypolipoproteinemia
[description not available]		02.0510
Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic
Bleeding within the brain as a result of penetrating and nonpenetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. Traumatically induced hemorrhages may occur in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRUM; BRAIN STEM (see BRAIN STEM HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC); and CEREBELLUM.		02.0510
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.7430
Recrudescence
[description not available]		04.9991
Hibernation, Myocardial
[description not available]		05.52260
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		02.7230
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		02.7230
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.0510
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		02.0510
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		02.7230
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		02.7230
Hay Fever
[description not available]		02.0510
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.		02.0510
Urinary Retention
Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).		02.4720
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		02.4420
Carotid Artery Thrombosis
Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.		02.0510
Blood Clot
[description not available]		02.4520
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		02.4520
Tachyarrhythmia
[description not available]		04.8881
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.		09.8881
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal
[description not available]		02.0610
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.		02.0610
Acariasis
[description not available]		02.0610
Hematoma, Epidural, Spinal
A rare epidural hematoma in the spinal epidural space, usually due to a vascular malformation (CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS) or TRAUMA. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a neurologic emergency due to a rapidly evolving compressive MYELOPATHY.		02.7730
Bladder, Overactive
[description not available]		02.0610
Urinary Bladder, Overactive
Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.		02.0610
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		08.4488
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		04.52240
Airway Remodeling
The structural changes in the number, mass, size and/or composition of the airway tissues.		03.4511
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		02.4420
Extravasation of Contrast Media
[description not available]		02.9240
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.4420
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		02.4420
Airway Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.		02.0610
Hypercoagulability
[description not available]		02.0610
Thrombophilia
A disorder of HEMOSTASIS in which there is a tendency for the occurrence of THROMBOSIS.		02.0610
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		02.9240
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		02.7130
Dysembryoma
[description not available]		02.0710
Teratoma
A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)		02.0710
Rhabdoid Tumor
A rare but highly lethal childhood tumor found almost exclusively in infants. Histopathologically, it resembles RHABDOMYOSARCOMA but the tumor cells are not of myogenic origin. Although it arises primarily in the kidney, it may be found in other parts of the body. The rhabdoid cytomorphology is believed to be the expression of a very primitive malignant cell. (From Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2210)		02.0710
Injuries, Soft Tissue
[description not available]		02.0710
Femoral Fractures
Fractures of the femur.		02.0710
Lactic Acidosis
[description not available]		04.6360
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		02.0610
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		02.4420
Acidosis, Lactic
Acidosis caused by accumulation of lactic acid more rapidly than it can be metabolized. It may occur spontaneously or in association with diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; LEUKEMIA; or LIVER FAILURE.		04.6360
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		02.0610
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.4420
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		011.27494
Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
[description not available]		02.0710
Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Familial or idiopathic hypertension in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION which is not secondary to other disease.		02.0710
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		02.0710
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		02.0710
Decerebrate Posturing
[description not available]		02.4220
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		02.4220
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		02.4220
Labor, Premature
[description not available]		02.7230
Acute Pain
Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.		02.4920
Ileitis
Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE.		02.0810
Hypovolemic
[description not available]		02.0810
Hypovolemia
An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK).		02.0810
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		02.0810
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		02.0810
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		02.420
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism
[description not available]		02.0110
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		02.420
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)		02.0110
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		09.5194
ADPKD
[description not available]		02.4120
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant
Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.		02.4120
Factitious Disorders
Disorders characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are not real, genuine, or natural.		02.6730
Hospital-Addiction Syndrome
[description not available]		02.8940
Corneal Diseases
Diseases of the cornea.		02.0110
Iris Diseases
Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris.		02.0110
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		03.2560
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		03.2560
Anuria
Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.		02.0110
Ureteral Obstruction
Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.		02.0110
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		04.6532
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		04.6532
Dilatation, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.		02.4220
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		02.9210
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		02.9210
Hyperpotassemia
[description not available]		03.8340
Hyperkalemia
Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.8340
Cerebellar Diseases
Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		02.0110
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.4120
Hypotension, Postural
[description not available]		02.0110
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.4120
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.		02.0110
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		03.411
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted
[description not available]		04.721
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		03.411
Hepatitis C
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.		04.721
Sclerosis
A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.		02.0110
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		02.0110
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		02.0110
Astrocytosis
[description not available]		02.0110
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		03.3970
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		03.3970
Brachial Paresis
[description not available]		02.0210
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		04.4851
A-alphalipoprotein Neuropathy
[description not available]		03.1250
Goldblatt Syndrome
[description not available]		02.4220
Hypertension, Renovascular
Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.		02.4220
Coronary Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		03.821
Coronary Stenosis
Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.		03.821
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		02.6730
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
[description not available]		02.4120
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		02.6730
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.		02.4120
Abnormal Movements
[description not available]		02.0210
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		03.2660
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		03.2660
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		02.4120
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		02.0210
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		02.0210
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		02.0210
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		02.0210
Cystic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.0210
Kidney Diseases, Cystic
A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).		02.0210
Neuritis
A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.		02.0210
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		04.551
Diabetic Feet
[description not available]		02.0210
Diabetic Foot
Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.		02.0210
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
A phenomenon in which symptoms of a disease are fabricated by an individual other than the patient causing unnecessary, and often painful, physical examinations and treatments. This syndrome is considered a form of CHILD ABUSE, since another individual, usually a parent, is the source of the fabrication of symptoms and presents the child for medical care.		02.0210
Glaucoma, Suspect
[description not available]		02.0210
Ocular Hypertension
A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.		02.0210
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		02.420
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		02.420
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.9140
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.9140
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		02.0210
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver
[description not available]		03.150
Pemphigus Foliaceus
[description not available]		02.420
Pemphigus
Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.		02.420
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0210
Hyperhomocysteinemia
Condition in which the plasma levels of homocysteine and related metabolites are elevated (		02.0310
Intermittent Claudication
A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.		03.4111
Lower Extremity Weakness, Spastic
[description not available]		02.0310
Experimental Spinal Cord Ischemia
[description not available]		02.0310
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		02.0310
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		02.0310
Hypertension, Renal
Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.		02.6830
Pyrexia
[description not available]		02.420
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		02.420
Cancer of Pituitary
[description not available]		02.730
Pituitary Neoplasms
Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.		02.730
Infections, Meningococcal
[description not available]		02.0310
Meningococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.		02.0310
Agenesis of Hemidiaphragm
[description not available]		02.0310
Diaphragmatic Hernia
[description not available]		02.0310
Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital
Protrusion of abdominal structures into the THORAX as a result of embryologic defects in the DIAPHRAGM often present in the neonatal period. It can be isolated, syndromic, non-syndromic or be a part of chromosome abnormality. Associated pulmonary hypoplasia and PULMONARY HYPERTENSION can further complicate stabilization and surgical intervention.		02.0310
Morphine Abuse
[description not available]		02.4120
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		02.0310
Morphine Dependence
Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.		02.4120
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		02.0310
Extrasystole, Ventricular
[description not available]		02.0310
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		02.0310
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		02.0310
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		02.0310
Adrenocortical Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.		02.0310
Adrenal Cortex Cancer
[description not available]		02.0310
Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX.		02.0310
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		02.0310
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		02.0310
Choline Deficiency
A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)		02.0310
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		04.3980
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		04.3980
Coronary Thrombosis
Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.0310
Neovascularization, Optic Disc
[description not available]		02.0310
Retinal Neovascularization
Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.		02.0310
Biliary Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.4120
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.		02.4120
Carotid Artery Narrowing
[description not available]		02.0410
Carotid Stenosis
Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)		02.0410
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic
[description not available]		02.9510
No-Reflow Phenomenon
Markedly reduced or absent REPERFUSION in an infarct zone following the removal of an obstruction or constriction of an artery.		02.0310
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer
[description not available]		02.0410
Icterus
[description not available]		02.0410
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		02.0410
Infant Malnutrition
Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.		02.0410
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		07.4744
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		07.4744
Auricular Flutter
[description not available]		02.0410
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		03.3320
Cardiac Cancer
[description not available]		02.0410
Atrial Flutter
Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES).		02.0410
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.3320
Lassitude
[description not available]		03.7921
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		03.7921
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		02.0410
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		02.0410
Mushroom Poisoning
Poisoning from ingestion of mushrooms, primarily from, but not restricted to, toxic varieties.		01.9610
Island Cell Tumor
[description not available]		03.2260
Adenoma, Islet Cell
A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.		03.2260
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		01.9610
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		01.9610
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		01.9510
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		01.9510
Granulomas
[description not available]		03.5730
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		08.5730
Diabetic Coma
A state of unconsciousness as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in cases of extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA or extreme HYPOGLYCEMIA as a complication of INSULIN therapy.		03.5690
Insulin Coma
Severe HYPOGLYCEMIA induced by a large dose of exogenous INSULIN resulting in a COMA or profound state of unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused.		01.9510
Bleb
[description not available]		02.3620
Autotomy Human
[description not available]		01.9610
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9610
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic
[description not available]		02.3920
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
[description not available]		01.9810
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.		01.9810
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		02.6830
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.6830
Cardiac Complex, Premature
[description not available]		04.2841
A-V Dissociation
[description not available]		02.3920
Hemiplegia, Crossed
[description not available]		03.3570
Hemiplegia
Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.		03.3570
Convulsions, Grand Mal
[description not available]		02.3720
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)		02.3720
Coarctation of Aorta
[description not available]		01.9810
Aortic Coarctation
A birth defect characterized by the narrowing of the AORTA that can be of varying degree and at any point from the transverse arch to the iliac bifurcation. Aortic coarctation causes arterial HYPERTENSION before the point of narrowing and arterial HYPOTENSION beyond the narrowed portion.		01.9810
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear
[description not available]		01.9810
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive
A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)		01.9810
Arterial Obstructive Diseases
[description not available]		02.940
Arterial Occlusive Diseases
Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.		02.940
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		01.9810
Anoxia, Brain
[description not available]		03.69100
Adenoma, alpha-Cell
[description not available]		01.9810
Anoxia, Fetal
[description not available]		02.3920
Fetal Hypoxia
Deficient oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD.		02.3920
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9810
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		01.9810
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		01.9810
Abnormalities, Multiple
Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.		01.9810
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		01.9810
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		01.9810
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils, especially the PALATINE TONSILS but the ADENOIDS (pharyngeal tonsils) and lingual tonsils may also be involved. Tonsillitis usually is caused by bacterial infection. Tonsillitis may be acute, chronic, or recurrent.		01.9810
Hypocapnia
Clinical manifestation consisting of a deficiency of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.		02.3920
Hypokalemia
Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.7821
Familial Periodic Paralysis
[description not available]		03.3711
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		01.9810
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		01.9810
Moniliasis, Oral
[description not available]		01.9810
Candidiasis, Oral
Infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth by a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9810
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous, Subacute
[description not available]		01.9810
Pemphigoid
[description not available]		01.9810
Bullous Dermatoses
[description not available]		01.9810
Duhring Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.		01.9810
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous
A form of lupus erythematosus in which the skin may be the only organ involved or in which skin involvement precedes the spread into other body systems. It has been classified into three forms - acute (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC with skin lesions), subacute, and chronic (= LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, DISCOID).		01.9810
Pemphigoid, Bullous
A chronic and relatively benign subepidermal blistering disease usually of the elderly and without histopathologic acantholysis.		01.9810
Anemia, Cooley's
[description not available]		04.0731
beta-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.		04.0731
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		02.3920
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		02.3920
Urination Disorders
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.		03.2920
Polyuria
Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).		03.7840
Fasciculation
Involuntary contraction of the muscle fibers innervated by a motor unit. Fasciculations may be visualized as a muscle twitch or dimpling under the skin, but usually do not generate sufficient force to move a limb. They may represent a benign condition or occur as a manifestation of MOTOR NEURON DISEASE or PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1294)		01.9910
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		02.420
Myoclonic Jerk
[description not available]		01.9910
Paranoia
[description not available]		01.9910
Action Tremor
[description not available]		01.9910
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		02.420
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		01.9910
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.		02.3920
Toxemia
A condition produced by the presence of toxins or other harmful substances in the BLOOD.		01.9910
Brain Damage, Chronic
A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.		01.9910
Abdominal Epilepsy
[description not available]		02.3720
Epilepsies, Partial
Conditions characterized by recurrent paroxysmal neuronal discharges which arise from a focal region of the brain. Partial seizures are divided into simple and complex, depending on whether consciousness is unaltered (simple partial seizure) or disturbed (complex partial seizure). Both types may feature a wide variety of motor, sensory, and autonomic symptoms. Partial seizures may be classified by associated clinical features or anatomic location of the seizure focus. A secondary generalized seizure refers to a partial seizure that spreads to involve the brain diffusely. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317)		02.3720
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		03.2920
Diabetes Insipidus and Mellitus with Optic Atrophy and Deafness
[description not available]		02.9110
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		03.2920
Wolfram Syndrome
A hereditary condition characterized by multiple symptoms including those of DIABETES INSIPIDUS; DIABETES MELLITUS; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEAFNESS. This syndrome is also known as DIDMOAD (first letter of each word) and is usually associated with VASOPRESSIN deficiency. It is caused by mutations in gene WFS1 encoding wolframin, a 100-kDa transmembrane protein.		02.9110
Flatus
[description not available]		03.3811
Flatulence
Production or presence of gas in the gastrointestinal tract which may be expelled through the anus.		03.3811
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		07.940
Neoplasm Metastasis, Unknown Primary
[description not available]		02.9110
Superior Vena Cava Obstruction
[description not available]		02.9110
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		01.9910
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		01.9910
Infarct
[description not available]		01.9910
Cardiac Output, Low
A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.		01.9910
Blunt Injuries
[description not available]		02.6930
Exertional Heat Illness
[description not available]		02.6930
Elevated ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
[description not available]		01.9910
Intracranial Hypertension
Increased pressure within the cranial vault. This may result from several conditions, including HYDROCEPHALUS; BRAIN EDEMA; intracranial masses; severe systemic HYPERTENSION; PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI; and other disorders.		01.9910
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.6530
Amnesia-Memory Loss
[description not available]		01.9910
Amnesia
Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)		01.9910
Alogia
[description not available]		02.420
Aphasia
A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.		02.420
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
[description not available]		01.9910
Transfusion Reaction
Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.		01.9910
Coma, Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic
[description not available]		01.9910
Complex Partial Epilepsy
[description not available]		01.9910
Epilepsy, Complex Partial
A disorder characterized by recurrent partial seizures marked by impairment of cognition. During the seizure the individual may experience a wide variety of psychic phenomenon including formed hallucinations, illusions, deja vu, intense emotional feelings, confusion, and spatial disorientation. Focal motor activity, sensory alterations and AUTOMATISM may also occur. Complex partial seizures often originate from foci in one or both temporal lobes. The etiology may be idiopathic (cryptogenic partial complex epilepsy) or occur as a secondary manifestation of a focal cortical lesion (symptomatic partial complex epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp317-8)		01.9910
Chorea Disorders
[description not available]		01.9910
Chorea
Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.		01.9910
Rheumatism
[description not available]		03.7621
Rheumatic Diseases
Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.		03.7621
Hydronephrosis
Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.		02.420
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		01.9910
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		01.9910
Palsy
[description not available]		02.6830
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		02.6830
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		0210
Phlegmon
[description not available]		0210
Dermatomycoses
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.		0210
Mucorales Infection
[description not available]		0210
Cellulitis
An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.		0210
Mucormycosis
Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.		0210
Alkalosis
A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.		02.420
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases
[description not available]		03.3811
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed
[description not available]		02.9110
Medulloblastoma
A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)		02.9110
Chest Injuries
[description not available]		0210
Hepatoblastoma
A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.6930
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		0210
Coronary Artery Vasospasm
[description not available]		02.6830
Coronary Vasospasm
Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.		02.6830
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		0210
Apnea, Sleep
[description not available]		0210
Bone Diseases
Diseases of BONES.		0210
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		0210
Sleep Apnea Syndromes
Disorders characterized by multiple cessations of respirations during sleep that induce partial arousals and interfere with the maintenance of sleep. Sleep apnea syndromes are divided into central (see SLEEP APNEA, CENTRAL), obstructive (see SLEEP APNEA, OBSTRUCTIVE), and mixed central-obstructive types.		0210
Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary
[description not available]		0210
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular
Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		0210
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		03.7921
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		03.7921
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		0210
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		0210
Rhabdomyolysis
Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.		0210
Torsade de Pointes
[description not available]		02.3920
Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus
[description not available]		02.9210
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent
A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth.		02.9210
Psychoses
[description not available]		0210
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		0210
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		0210
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		0210
Addiction, Opioid
[description not available]		0210
Opioid-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.		0210
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		0210
E coli Infections
[description not available]		0210
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		0210
Candida Infection
[description not available]		0210
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		0210
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		0210
Pleurisy
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.		02.0110
Air Embolism
[description not available]		02.0110
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		02.0110
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		02.0110
Prinzmetal Angina
[description not available]		02.0110
Angina Pectoris, Variant
A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.		02.0110
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		07.0110
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		01.9510
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		01.9510
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental
A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.		01.9510
Purpura, Thrombopenic
[description not available]		02.6530
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic
Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.		02.6530
Diabetes Insipidus
A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst.		09.9491
External Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		02.3620
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		01.9510
Chromosomal Translocation
[description not available]		01.9510
Gammapathy, Monoclonal
[description not available]		01.9510
Paraproteinemias
A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.		01.9510
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors
[description not available]		01.9510
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		03.2820
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		03.2820
Amentia
[description not available]		02.6630
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		02.6630
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome
Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.		01.9810
Hypertension, Portal
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.		01.9810
Cataract, Membranous
[description not available]		01.9710
Farsightedness
[description not available]		01.9710
Cataract
Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9710
Hyperopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus behind the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too short from front to back. It is also called farsightedness because the near point is more distant than it is in emmetropia with an equal amplitude of accommodation. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9710
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		01.9710
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		01.9710
Facial Palsy
[description not available]		01.9710
Nearsightedness
[description not available]		01.9710
Myopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.		01.9710
Tuberculosis, Renal
Infection of the KIDNEY with species of MYCOBACTERIUM.		01.9710
Ametropia
[description not available]		01.9710
Refractive Errors
Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.		01.9710
Cadmium Poisoning
Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.		01.9710
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		01.9710
Pellagra
A disease due to deficiency of NIACIN, a B-complex vitamin, or its precursor TRYPTOPHAN. It is characterized by scaly DERMATITIS which is often associated with DIARRHEA and DEMENTIA (the three D's).		01.9710
Vitiligo
A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.		01.9710
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		03.5630
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
[description not available]		01.9710
Deficiency, IgA
[description not available]		01.9710
Dysgammaglobulinemia
An immunologic deficiency state characterized by selective deficiencies of one or more, but not all, classes of immunoglobulins.		01.9710
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.		01.9710
Fibrosis, Inflammatory Perianeurysmal
[description not available]		01.9710
Retroperitoneal Fibrosis
A slowly progressive condition of unknown etiology, characterized by deposition of fibrous tissue in the retroperitoneal space compressing the ureters, great vessels, bile duct, and other structures. When associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm, it may be called chronic periaortitis or inflammatory perianeurysmal fibrosis.		01.9710
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		01.9710
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		01.9710
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9710
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		02.3620
Hemorrhagic Diathesis
[description not available]		02.8810
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).		02.8810
Hyperlipoproteinemia
[description not available]		01.9710
Hyperlipoproteinemias
Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.		01.9710
Menopause
The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.		01.9710
Goiter
Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).		01.9410
Skin Manifestations
Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.		01.9510
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		01.9510
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum
[description not available]		01.9510
Dermatoses
[description not available]		01.9510
Keratosis
Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.		01.9510
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		01.9510
Arterial Inflammation
[description not available]		01.9510
Bronchial Pneumonia
[description not available]		01.9510
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		01.9510
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		01.9510
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		01.9510
Bronze Diabetes
[description not available]		03.3311
Hemochromatosis
A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed)		03.3311
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		01.9410
Hives
[description not available]		01.9410
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		01.9410
Fetal Death
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.		01.9410
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly)
[description not available]		01.9410
Acromegaly
A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)		01.9410