lysosome

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. [GOC:mah, ISBN:0198506732]

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. They are responsible for the degradation of cellular waste products, macromolecules, and pathogens through the action of hydrolytic enzymes. Lysosomes are characterized by their acidic pH (around 4.5-5.0), which is maintained by proton pumps embedded in their membrane. This acidic environment is essential for the optimal activity of the hydrolytic enzymes. The lysosomal membrane also contains a variety of transporters that allow the import of substrates into the lysosome for degradation and the export of degradation products. The morphology of lysosomes is highly variable, ranging from small, spherical vesicles to larger, irregular bodies. The size and shape of lysosomes can vary depending on the cell type and its metabolic state. Lysosomes are dynamic organelles that constantly fuse with other organelles, such as endosomes and autophagosomes, to deliver their cargo for degradation. Lysosomal dysfunction is associated with a variety of human diseases, including lysosomal storage disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.'
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Proteins (103)

Compounds (2,036)