Page last updated: 2024-09-28

Addiction, Opioid

Synonyms(12)

Synonym
Opioid Dependence
Prescription Opioid Abuse
Addiction, Opioid
Opioid Misuse
Opioid Use Disorder
Opioid Addiction
Opioid Abuse
Opiate Dependence
Opiate Addiction
Opiate Abuse
Prescription Opioid Misuse
Dependence, Opioid

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Opiate abuse is often associated with benzodiazepine abuse."( Monotti, R, 1993)
"Opiate dependence is a brain-related medical disorder that can be effectively treated with significant benefits for the patient and society, and society must make a commitment to offer effective treatment for opiate dependence to all who need it."( , 1998)
"Opiate addiction is a serious problem that has now spread worldwide to all levels of society."( Mandal, TK, 1999)
"Opioid dependence is a chronic, relapsing disorder with important public health implications."( Bigelow, GE; Chutuape, MA; Johnson, RE; Stitzer, ML; Strain, EC; Walsh, SL, 2000)
"Opiate addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder."( Kreek, MJ; Vocci, FJ, 2002)
"Opiate abuse is a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection."( Barr, MC; Henriksen, SJ; Huitron-Resendiz, S; Phillips, TR; Sanchez-Alavez, M, 2003)
"Opioid dependence is generally considered synonymous with heroin dependence or dependence on prescribed opioid analgesics."( Hulse, GK; Khong, E; Sim, MG, 2004)
"Opiate dependence is a major health and social issue in many countries."( Bond, C; Inkster, K; Ludbrook, A; Matheson, C; Simoens, S, 2005)
"Opiate dependence is a major threat to the public health and social security of China because of its devastating medical effects, its impact on risk for HIV/AIDS and criminal behaviors, low rates of recovery and high rates of relapse."( Cubells, JF; Tang, YL; Zhao, C; Zhao, D, 2006)
"Opioid dependence is a chronic and relapsing medical disorder with a well-established neurobiological basis."( Fiellin, DA; Friedland, GH; Gourevitch, MN, 2006)
"Untreated opioid dependence is a major obstacle to the successful treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection."( Altice, FL; Basu, S; Eldred, L; Smith-Rohrberg, D; Stancliff, S; Sullivan, LE, 2006)
"Prescription opioid dependence is increasing, but treatment outcomes with office-based buprenorphine/naloxone among these patients have not been described."( Barry, DT; Chawarski, MC; Fiellin, DA; Moore, BA; O'Connor, PG; Schottenfeld, RS; Sullivan, LE, 2007)
"Opioid misuse is rarely an overt clinical problem during end of life or acute pain treatment."( Ballantyne, JC, 2007)
"Opiate dependence is a result of adaptive changes in signal transduction networks in several brain regions."( Aghajanian, G; Chan, GC; LaPlant, Q; Liu, R; Nestler, EJ; Renthal, W; Storm, DR; Xiao, G; Zachariou, V, 2008)
"Opioid dependence is a complex medical condition affecting neurocognitive and physical functioning."( Bruce, RD; Schleifer, RA, 2008)
"Management of opioid dependence is associated with many challenges such as the misuse of prescribed treatment and lack of medication adherence that can affect the clinical outcome of the patient."( Jan, S; Kaur, AD; McQueen, A, 2008)
"Opioid abuse is common in Iran."( Afshari, R; Koushesh, HR, 2009)
"Opioid dependence is a chronic relapsing condition for which long-term opioid substitution treatment (OST) is effective."( Bell, J; Mammen, K, 2009)
"Prescription opioid abuse is a major public health problem in the United States."( Bertholf, R; Merlo, L; Paulian, G; Reisfield, G; Wilson, G, 2010)
"Failure in treating opioid dependence is costly to the patient, the employer, managed care organizations, and the overall health care system."( Ruetsch, C, 2010)
"Opioid dependence is a growing problem."( Biondi, L; Calabria, R; Fiore, A; Magnelli, F; Peluso, E; Rota, AG; Vonella, D, 2010)
"Opioid dependence is common in HIV clinics."( Barditch-Crovo, P; Chaudhry, A; Cook, K; Fiellin, DA; Finkelstein, R; Hsu, J; Keruly, JC; Lau, B; Lucas, GM; Moore, RD; Olsen, Y; Woodson, T, 2010)
"Opioid dependence is an increasing problem among adolescents and young adults, but in contrast to the standard in the adult population, adoption of pharmacotherapies has been slow."( Curran, E; Fishman, MJ; Garrett, S; Subramaniam, G; Winstanley, EL, 2010)
"Opioid dependence is one of the most severe drug dependencies."( Krupitsky, E; Woody, G; Zvartau, E, 2010)
"Opioid abuse is a devastating, costly, and growing problem in the United States, and one for which treatment can be complicated by barriers such as access to care and legal issues."( Bryson, EO; Gevirtz, C; Lipson, S, 2010)
"Opioid dependence is becoming a more common problem in the United States that gives rise to many negative health and social consequences for both individuals and society as a whole."( Benich, JJ, 2011)
"Opioid addiction is a chronic disease treatable in primary care settings with buprenorphine hydrochloride, but this treatment remains underused."( Alford, DP; Bergeron, A; Botticelli, M; Kretsch, N; LaBelle, CT; Samet, JH; Winter, M, 2011)
"Opiate addiction is associated with decision-making deficits and we previously showed that the extent of these impairments predicts aspects of treatment outcome."( Abou-Saleh, M; Checinski, K; Clark, L; Davis, P; King, M; Mehta, MA; Passetti, F; White, S, 2011)
"Opioid dependence is a chronic, relapsing disorder that deleteriously influences the health of those afflicted."( Aghevli, M; Goodman, F; Gordon, AJ; Kavanagh, G; Krumm, M; Liberto, J; Paidisetty, S; Ramgopal, R; Trafton, J, 2011)
"Opioid dependence is associated with low rates of treatment-seeking, poor adherence to treatment, frequent relapse, and major societal consequences."( Gastfriend, DR; Illeperuma, A; Krupitsky, E; Ling, W; Nunes, EV; Silverman, BL, 2011)
"Opioid abuse is common in the United States and is currently on the rise."( D'Orazio, JL; Fischel, JA, 2012)
"Initiation into prescription opioid misuse is an important public health concern since opioids are increasingly associated with drug dependence and fatal overdose."( Harocopos, A; Jackson Bloom, J; Lankenau, SE; Silva, K; Teti, M; Treese, M, 2012)
"Opiate addiction is associated with many adverse health and social harms, fatal overdose, infectious disease transmission, elevated health care costs, public disorder, and crime."( Bailey, J; Barh, D; Blum, K; Bowirrat, A; Braverman, ER; Chen, AL; Chen, TJ; Damle, U; Downs, BW; Femino, J; Fornari, F; Giordano, J; Kerner, M; Morse, S; Oscar-Berman, M; Rector, C; Simpatico, T, 2011)
"Suspected opioid addiction is managed with structured opioid therapy, methadone or buprenorphine treatment, or abstinence-based treatment."( Kahan, M; Mailis-Gagnon, A; Srivastava, A; Wilson, L, 2011)
"Opioid dependence is a significant public health problem associated with high risk for relapse if treatment is not ongoing."( Bisaga, A; Kosten, T; Nunes, EV; O'Connor, PG; Sigmon, SC; Woody, G, 2012)
"Opioid addiction is a chronic, recurrent brain disease that is characterised by compulsive drug seeking and a high rate of relapse even after long periods of abstinence."( Mattioli, L; Perfumi, M; Titomanlio, F, 2012)
"The prevalence of opioid abuse is increasing in North America."( Bridgman-Acker, K; Kelly, LE; Koren, G; Lauwers, A; Madadi, P; Rieder, MJ, 2012)
"Relapse of opiate dependence is a common occurrence after detoxification and introduction of opiate addicts in abstinence from opiates."( Jovanović, T; Lazarević, D; Nikolić, G, 2012)
"Opioid dependence is a chronic relapsing condition which requires comprehensive care; pharmacological agents form the mainstay of its long term treatment."( Benegal, V; Chand, P; Murthy, P; Viswanath, B, 2012)
"Opioid dependence is a chronic relapsing disorder that shows excess mortality and comorbidity with somatic and psychiatric disorders."( Soyka, M, 2012)
"Prescription opioid use disorders are the second most common drug use disorder behind only cannabis use disorders."( Blanco, C; Iza, M; Olfson, M; Rafful, C; Schwartz, RP; Wang, S, 2013)
"Prescription opioid dependence is a growing problem, but little research exists on its treatment, including patient characteristics that predict treatment outcome."( Dreifuss, JA; Fiellin, DA; Fitzmaurice, GM; Frost, K; Griffin, ML; Hatch-Maillette, M; Potter, JS; Selzer, J; Sonne, SC; Weiss, RD, 2013)
"Opioid dependence is growing at an alarming rate in the United States, and opioid dependent patients have substantial medical, as well as psychiatric, conditions that impact their ability to work."( Byrne, SA; Cherniack, MG; Petry, NM, 2013)
"Opioid dependence is a serious worldwide health problem."( Dong, H; Gong, Z; Su, R; Yan, H; Yan, L; Yong, Z; Yu, G; Zhou, P, 2013)
"Opioid addiction is prevalent in the United States."( Azadfard, M; Blondell, RD; Homish, GG; Nathan, G; Neumann, AM, 2013)
"Prescription opioid abuse is a significant public health concern that requires strategies to reduce its impact, including development of abuse deterrent formulations."( Chilcoat, HD; Coplan, P; DeVeaugh-Geiss, AM; Havens, JR; Leukefeld, CG, 2014)
"Opioid dependence is a major risk factor for HIV infection, however, the impact of buprenorphine/naloxone treatment on HIV risk behaviors among HIV-infected opioid-dependent patients is unknown."( Caffrey, S; Chantarat, T; Chaudhry, A; Edelman, EJ; Fiellin, DA; Fiellin, LE; O'Connor, PG; Weiss, L, 2014)
"Chronic pain and opioid addiction are 2 pressing public health problems, and prescribing clinicians often lack the skills necessary to manage these conditions."( Arora, S; Camarata, C; Comerci, GD; Dillow, J; Duhigg, D; Geppert, CM; Jenkusky, SM; Kalishman, S; Katzman, JG; Koshkin, E; Landen, M; Loring, L; Marr, L; Taylor, DE, 2014)
"Prescription opioid abuse is an increasing public health concern in the USA."( Chartoff, EH; LeSage, MG; Pentel, PR; Potter, DN; Pravetoni, M; Tally, L, 2014)
"Opioid dependence is a severe medical disorder with a high psychiatric and somatic comorbidity and mortality rate."( Soyka, M, 2015)
"Prescription opioid dependence is increasing and creates a significant public health burden, but primary care physicians lack evidence-based guidelines to decide between tapering doses followed by discontinuation of buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride therapy (hereinafter referred to as buprenorphine therapy) or ongoing maintenance therapy."( Barry, DT; Cutter, CJ; Fiellin, DA; Moore, BA; O'Connor, PG; Schottenfeld, RS, 2014)
"Opiate abuse is also pervasive and is repeatedly seen in death investigations."( Hansma, P; Hlavaty, L; Sung, L, 2015)
"While opioid dependence is a complex health condition, the treatment of HIV-infected individuals with opioid dependence presents additional challenges."( Abood, ME; Benamar, K; Palma, J, 2015)
"Opioid use disorders are a significant public health problem, affecting two million people in the United States."( Burns, RM; Dick, AW; Gordon, AJ; Leslie, D; Pacula, RL; Sorbero, M; Stein, BD, 2015)
"Prescription opioid abuse is at epidemic levels."( Gilson, AM; Manworren, RC, 2015)
"Opioid addiction is no longer a primarily urban problem."( Meyer, M; Phillips, J, 2015)
"Prescription opioid abuse is associated with substantial economic burden, with estimates of incremental annual per-patient health care costs of diagnosed opioid abuse exceeding $10,000 in prior literature."( Ben-Joseph, R; Birnbaum, HG; Bodnar, K; Enloe, CJ; Holly, P; Kirson, NY; Rice, JB; Shei, A, 2015)
"Opioid use disorders are considered a serious public health problem among young adults."( DiGirolamo, G; Gonzalez, G; Kolodziej, M; Romero-Gonzalez, M; Smelson, D; Ziedonis, D, 2015)
"Opioid dependence is associated with high levels of morbidity, yet sparse data exists regarding the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with opioid dependence, particularly following treatment initiation."( Aden, B; Ang, A; Bray, JW; Eggman, AA; Hser, YI; Ling, W; Nosyk, B; Potter, J; Schackman, BR; Weiss, RD; Wittenberg, E, 2015)
"Opioid abuse is a healthcare and societal problem that burdens individuals, their families and the healthcare professionals who care for them."( Brennan, MJ; Gudin, JA; Kwong, LM; Levandowski, R; Webster, LR, 2016)
"Prescription opioid misuse is a major public health concern in the United States, yet little is known about national prescription patterns."( Gebert, JT; Groenewald, CB; Palermo, TM; Rabbitts, JA, 2016)
"Opioid use disorders are common, chronic relapsing disorders."( Kumari, S; Lawson, WB; Leong, S; Malik, M; Manalai, P; Wooditch, A, 2016)
"Alcohol and opioid use disorders are common among adults under community supervision."( Friedmann, PD; Gordon, MS; James, A; Mitchell, SG; Monico, LB; Rudes, DS; Schwartz, RP; Viglione, J; Willet, J, 2016)
"If and when opioid misuse is detected, opioids do not necessarily need to be discontinued, but misuse should be noted on the problem list and interventions should be performed to change the patient's behavior."( Humphreys, K; Lembke, A; Newmark, J, 2016)
"Opioid abuse is a serious public health concern."( Cepeda, MS; Coplan, PM; Kopper, NW; Maziere, JY; Wallace, LE; Wedin, GP, 2017)
"Opioid use disorder is associated with significant health and social harms."( Ahamad, K; Fairgrieve, C; Joe, R; Voon, P, 2016)
"Opioid use disorder is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among US youth."( , 2016)
"Opioid misuse is a growing public health problem, and estimates show a 150% increase in opioid-related hospital stays over the last two decades."( Ali, MM; Hughey, L; Mark, T; Mutter, R; Naeger, S, 2016)
"Although opioid abuse is a rising epidemic in the USA, there are no studies to date on the incidence of persistent opioid use following injuries."( Alghnam, S; Castillo, R, 2017)
"Opioid dependence is an increasing public health problem."( Aldemir, E; Coskunol, H; Kilic, M; Sert, I, 2016)
"Patients with opioid dependence are likely to experience specific barriers to accessing opioids in addition to those experienced by other non-dependent patients."( Jünger, S; Lisman, JA; Mantel-Teeuwisse, AK; Radbruch, L; Scholten, W; Schutjens, MDB; Subataite, M; Vranken, MJM, 2017)
"Concomitant opioid misuse is an increasing problem in opioid maintenance treatment as it interferes with treatment success."( Adam, R; Al-Iassin, J; Canolli, M; Koller, G; Krause, D; Martin, G; Musselmann, R; Plörer, D; Pogarell, O; Schäfer, F; Walcher, S; Winter, C, 2017)
"Opiate addiction is associated with complex cognitive impairment, which contributes to the development of compulsive drug use and relapses."( Guo, H; Lai, J; Wang, Y; Yan, P; Yin, F; Zhang, J, 2017)
"Chronic pain and prescription opioid abuse are extremely prevalent both in this country and worldwide."( Beakley, BD; Bolden, JL; Calixto, F; Galan, V; Jones, MR; Kaye, AD; Kaye, AM; Manchikanti, L; Ripoll, JG; Urman, RD, 2017)
"Chronic pain and prescription opioid abuse are extremely prevalent in the United States and worldwide."( Beakley, BD; Bolden, JL; Calixto, F; Galan, V; Jones, DE; Jones, MR; Kaye, AD; Kaye, AM; Manchikanti, L; Ripoll, JG; Urman, RD, 2017)
"Opioid dependence is a chronic condition with substantial health, economic and social costs."( Chetty, M; Dunlop, WC; Kenworthy, JJ; Langham, S; Walker, A, 2017)
"Opioid abuse is also costly: previous estimates of the annual excess costs of opioid abuse to payers range from approximately $10,000 to $20,000 per patient."( Birnbaum, HG; Dincer, AP; Enloe, CJ; Kirson, NY; Mayne, TJ; Scarpati, LM, 2017)
"Opioid use disorder is often treated with short term hospitalization and medically supervised withdrawal from opioids followed by counseling alone without medication assisted treatment (MAT)."( Boney, TY; Chen, DT; Fishman, MJ; Friedmann, PD; Gordon, M; Hu, MC; Lee, JD; Nunes, EV; O'Brien, CP; Wilson, D, 2018)
"Opioid use disorder is common in prison populations, and prison release is a high-risk time for relapse and overdose."( Clarke, JG; Friedmann, PD; Hoskinson, R; Poshkus, M; Wilson, D, 2018)
"Opioid use disorder is a chronic, relapsing disease that encompasses use of both prescription opioids and heroin and is associated with a high annual rate of overdose deaths."( Chavoustie, S; Dammerman, R; Darwish, M; Frost, M; Owen, J; Sanjurjo, V; Snyder, O, 2017)
"Prescription opioid misuse is a rising epidemic in the U."( Bullock, D; Flores, J; Ketchum, NS; Liang, Y; Potter, JS; Taylor, BS; Turner, BJ; Villarreal, R, 2018)
"Opioid dependence is associated with high morbidity and mortality."( Caritis, SN; Kalluri, HV; Venkataramanan, R; Zhang, H, 2017)
"Opioid use disorder is a serious public health problem."( Andrilla, CHA; Coulthard, C; Larson, EH, 2017)
"Opioid use disorder is a growing epidemic, with an alarming number of associated deaths."( Chopra, N; Marasa, LH, 2017)
"Opioid abuse is a major problem around the world."( Bardo, MT; Beckmann, JS; Chow, JJ; Hofford, RS, 2017)
"Opioid addiction is a public health crisis that affects all areas of medicine."( Carr, NJ; Clarke, H; Demsey, D; Vipler, S, 2017)
"Prescription opioid abuse is a growing concern that has garnered widespread attention among policymakers and the general public."( Patel, S; Sternberg, P, 2017)
"Opioid abuse is a growing problem in civilian communities, and it has developed in the military as well."( Bebarta, VS; Borys, DJ; Maddry, JK; Ng, PC; Sessions, D, 2017)
"Perinatal opioid misuse is a complex, multifaceted problem that demands a multidisciplinary cross specialty approach."( Davis, JM; Devlin, LA, 2018)
"Chronic opioid misuse is associated with reduced sensitivity to natural rewards and social motivation deficits that include impaired caregiving."( Bouril, A; Elman, I; Fairchild, VP; Gur, RC; Langleben, DD; Lowen, SB; Shi, Z; Wang, AL, 2018)
"While prescription opioid abuse is part of the opioid problem, it is by no means the entirety of it."( LeQuang, JA; Pergolizzi, JV; Raffa, RB; Taylor, R, 2018)
"Opioid abuse is a common disorder affecting over 2 million Americans."( Chowdhury, NI; DelGaudio, JM; Levy, JM; Morrison, DA; Wise, SK, 2018)
"Intranasal opioid abuse is a prevalent condition associated with chronic pain and tissue necrosis that is clinically concerning for invasive fungal disease."( Chowdhury, NI; DelGaudio, JM; Levy, JM; Morrison, DA; Wise, SK, 2018)
"Opioid addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder associated with criminality, unemployment, infectious diseases, and legal problems."( Chaplin, MM; Farahmand, P; Modesto-Lowe, V, 2017)
"Twin studies of opioid addiction are consistent with an inherited component of risk, approximately 50%."( Berrettini, W, 2017)
"Opioid addiction is a serious public health concern with severe health and social implications; therefore, extensive therapeutic efforts are required to keep users drug free."( Baijnath, S; Gopal, ND; Govender, T; Kruger, HG; Naicker, T; Pamreddy, A; Teklezgi, BG, 2019)
"Prescription opioid misuse is highly prevalent among PLWHA and can lead to a variety of adverse outcomes."( Chilcott, LN; Ditre, JW; Flood, K; LaRowe, LR; Vanable, PA; Zvolensky, MJ, 2018)
"Opioid misuse is regularly associated with disrupted functioning in those with chronic pain."( Bailey, RW; Bolling, L; Edwards, KA; McEntee, ML; Pielech, M; Sullivan, MD; Vowles, KE; Witkiewitz, K, 2018)
"Opioid use disorder is a serious public health burden, especially throughout rural America."( Andrilla, CHA; Coulthard, C; Patterson, DG, 2018)
"Opioid abuse is a major risk factor for HIV infection."( Berman, JW; Jaureguiberry-Bravo, M; Lopez, L, 2018)
"Prior opioid dependence is associated with increased risk and increasing age is associated with decreased risk of opioid dependence following surgery for DS."( Aljuboori, Z; Boakye, M; Drazin, D; Nuño, MA; Sharma, M; Ugiliweneza, B, 2018)
"Opioid dependence is a chronic mental disease with multifactorial etiology."( Bonnet, U; Scherbaum, N, 2018)
"Risk for opioid misuse is a crucial consideration for patients with chronic pain, given the recent high rates of opioid-related deaths in the U."( Gross, RT; Lutz, J; Vargovich, AM, 2018)
"Opioid addiction is a major public health issue worldwide."( Chen, HJ; Huang, CL; Hung, CC; Lee, HY; Lee, TE; Wang, JY; Wang, RY, 2018)
"Prescription opioid misuse is a serious public health concern, yet antecedent factors are poorly described."( Beals-Erickson, SE; Fisher, E; Groenewald, CB; Law, EF; Palermo, TM, 2019)
"Opioid misuse is a growing crisis."( Arthur, JA; Bruera, E; Edwards, T; Kuriakose, L; Liu, D; Lu, Z; Manju, J; Najera, J; Nguyen, K; Reddy, SK; Williams, JL; Wu, J; Yennurajalingam, S, 2018)
"Considering that opioid use disorder is a chronic condition, efforts need to be made to target factors associated with retention."( Amiri, S; Amram, O; Hirchak, K; Lutz, R; McDonell, MG; McPherson, SM; Roll, JM, 2018)
"Prescription opioid abuse is now an epidemic that has forced the government and industries to take initiatives."( Ahmad, R; Alaei, S; Omidian, H, 2018)
"Opioid use disorder is one of the most prevalent addiction problems worldwide."( Ahmadi, J; Ghahremani, D; Jahromi, MS; London, ED, 2018)
"Opioid use disorder is a growing social problem."( Alban, K; Baykara, S, 2019)
"Opioid dependence is a significant public health problem in the United States and the number of opioid overdose deaths among women has increased dramatically in comparison to men in the last few years."( Back, SE; Baker, NL; Brady, KT; Davis, CM; Gilmore, AK; Guille, C; Hahn, CK; McCauley, JL, 2019)
"Opioid abuse is now the most common cause of accidental death in the US."( Alazizi, A; Bannon, MJ; Guerra, MH; Jaster, AM; Luca, F; Olson, PD; Pique-Regi, R; Rumschlag, M; Saad, MH; Savonen, CL; Schmidt, CJ, 2019)
"Opioid use disorder is a major health concern in North America."( Cleverley, K; Ling, S; Mangaoil, R; Puts, M; Sproule, B, 2019)
"Opioid dependence is a chronic mental disease with multifactorial etiology."( Bonnet, U; Scherbaum, N, 2019)
"Women with opioid use disorder are at increased risk of other medical complications of pregnancy."( Jones, M; Prasad, M, 2019)
"Opioid use disorder is characterised by the persistent use of opioids despite the adverse consequences of its use."( Blanco, C; Volkow, ND, 2019)
"Opioid misuse is a national epidemic, and Ohio is one of the states most impacted by this crisis."( Bonny, A; Hepler, S; Kline, D; McKnight, E, 2019)
"Opioid use disorder is a chronic, debilitating, and costly disorder that has increased in prevalence in many countries, with an associated sharp rise in mortality."( Byford, S; Hellier, J; James, K; Kelleher, M; Kelly, J; Marsden, J; Mitcheson, L; Murphy, C; Shearer, J; Stillwell, G, 2019)
"Opioid abuse is a significant public health problem in the United States."( Agboola, F; Banken, R; Chapman, RH; Kumar, VM; Ollendorf, DA; Segel, C; Synnott, PG; Webb, M, 2019)
"Opioid misuse is a national health crisis that requires sustained treatment, prevention, and recovery efforts."( Clarke, T; High, PM; Manocchio, T; Marks, K; Robbins, V; Stringer, M; Winograd, R; Wood, C, 2020)
"Opioid abuse is strongly associated with early post-discharge mortality."( Becker, EA; Maughan, BC, 2019)
"Opioid use disorder is highly prevalent and can be fatal."( Coffa, D; Snyder, H, 2019)
"Reported prescription opioid misuse is common among adolescents and young adults and often associated with additional substance abuse, underscoring the importance of drug and alcohol screening programs in this population."( Bourgeois, FT; Hudgins, JD; Monuteaux, MC; Porter, JJ, 2019)
"Opioid abuse is an epidemic in the United States and trauma can initiate persistent use; however, it remains unclear whether persistent opioid use contributes to the subsequent development of opioid abuse."( Beyer, CA; Dunham, JR; Gundlapalli, A; Howard, JT; Janak, JC; Kazanis, WH; Pettey, W; Poltavskiy, E; Redd, A; Rittel, AG; Rutter, WC; Sim, A; Stewart, IJ; Suo, Y; Walker, LE; Watrous, JR; Zarzabal, LA, 2021)
"Opioid use disorder is a major public health crisis."( Carroll, KM; Lichenstein, SD; Potenza, MN; Scheinost, D; Yip, SW, 2021)
"Opioid addiction is a public health concern."( Brenes, F; Henriquez, F, 2020)
"Opioid use disorder is common among detainees in US jails, yet methadone treatment is rarely initiated."( Jaffe, JH; Kelly, SM; Mitchell, SG; O'Grady, KE; Schwartz, RP; Sharma, A, 2020)
"Opioid addiction is a major public health threat to healthy life expectancy; however, little is known of long-term mortality for mothers with opioid use in pregnancy."( Amartey, A; Blackburn, R; Chiu, M; Gilbert, R; Guttmann, A; Harron, K; Saunders, N; Wijlaars, L; Zhou, L, 2019)
"Opioid abuse is a public health crisis."( Ortman, HA; Siegel, JA, 2020)
"Human prescription opioid abuse is marked by chronic, voluntary, oral intake and sex differences."( Barr, GA; DeSalle, MJ; Deutsch, HM; Eisch, AJ; Zanni, G, 2020)
"Opioid use disorder is a chronic relapsing disease and treatment models that retain patients long-term have the greatest benefit."( Berry, JH; Hustead, JD; Lander, LR; Mahoney, JJ; Marshalek, P; Winstanley, EL; Zheng, W, 2020)
"Opioid use disorder is increasingly common in the United States and affects many pregnancies."( Bouchard, L; Cheng, C; Zhao, L, 2020)
"Opioid use disorder is a common, chronic condition with significant implications during pregnancy."( Bouchard, L; Cheng, C; Zhao, L, 2020)
"Opioid addiction is recognized as a chronic relapsing brain disease resulting from repeated exposure to opioid drugs."( Cechova, K; Jagr, M; Roubalova, L; Svoboda, P; Ujcikova, H; Vosahlikova, M, 2020)
"Adolescents with opioid use disorder are less likely than adults to receive medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), yet we know little about facilities that provide addiction treatment for adolescents."( Alinsky, RH; Cerda, M; Hadland, SE; Matson, PA; Saloner, B, 2020)
"People with opioid use disorder are prevalent in criminal problem-solving courts and dependency courts, which have rehabilitative aims."( Andraka-Christou, B; Atkins, D; Madeira, J; Silverman, RD, 2020)
"Opioid dependence is a severe disease which is associated with a high risk of relapse, even in cases of successful withdrawal therapy."( Bleich, S; Dürsteler-MacFarland, KM; Frieling, H; Groeschl, M; Groh, A; Heberlein, A; Hillemacher, T; Jahn, K; Janke, E; Kornhuber, J; Lenz, B; Lichtinghagen, R; Mühle, C; Wiesbeck, GA, 2021)
"Opiate addiction is increasing and plaguing the western world and specifically the U."( Berger, AA; Hasoon, J; Jung, JW; Kassem, H; Kaye, AD; Mousa, M; Patel, A; Urits, I; Virgen, CG; Viswanath, O; Zusman, R, 2020)
"Opioid use disorder is complex and not easily quantified among US populations because there are no dedicated reporting systems in place."( Bradley, HM; Rio, CD; Rosenberg, ES; Sullivan, PS, 2020)
"Prescription opioid misuse is a risk factor for opioid use disorder (OUD)."( Shen, C; Thornton, D; Varisco, T, 2020)
"Opioid abuse is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, and injection drug use (IDU) is a common form of opioid abuse."( Coyle, RO; Jatis, AJ; Karlan, NM; Miller, AC; Polgreen, LA; Stafford, SR, 2021)
"Opioid use disorder is a major public health crisis, and evidence suggests ways of better serving patients who live with opioid use disorder in the emergency department (ED)."( Biggs, C; Deol, J; Dong, K; Fanaeian, J; Fielding, S; Fisher, A; Ghosh, SM; Hair, H; Holroyd, BR; Lang, E; McLane, P; Olmstead, A; Ross, M; Scott, K; Suleman, Z; Tanguay, R; Yee, K, 2020)
"Prescription opioid misuse is an ongoing crisis and a risk factor for injection drug use (IDU)."( Earlywine, JJ; Hadland, SE; Raifman, J, 2020)
"Opioid use disorders are chronic and relapse is common."( Bunce, SC; Cleveland, HH; Cleveland, MJ; Jenkins, GJ; Knapp, KS, 2021)
"Patients with opioid use disorder are over-represented in ED presentations."( Cantwell, K; Dietze, P; Higgs, P; Hutton, J; Lloyd-Jones, M; Salter, H; Straub, A; Zordan, R, 2020)
"Prescription opioid misuse is a major public health concern among children and adolescents in the United States."( Blendy, JA; Carpenter, MD; Heller, EA; Manners, MT, 2021)
"Opioid use disorder is a critical public health problem that continues to broaden in scope, adversely affecting millions of people worldwide."( Baumann, MR; Strout, TD; Wendell, LT, 2021)
"Opioid addiction is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and taking behavior, which is thought to result from persistent neuroadaptations."( Eckhardt, A; Hejnova, L; Novotny, J; Roubalova, L; Svoboda, P; Ujcikova, H, 2021)
"Opiate addiction is a major health challenge with substantial societal cost."( Fonville, L; Hayes, A; Herlinger, K; Hill, R; Lingford-Hughes, A; Nutt, D; Paterson, L, 2021)
"Opioid dependence is a public health crisis and surgery is a risk factor for long-term opioid use."( Bastawrous, AL; Brockhaus, KK; Chang, MI; Cleary, RK; Li, Y; Milky, G; Shih, IF, 2022)
"Opioid abuse is a chronic disorder likely involving stable neuroplastic modifications."( Gades, MS; Gewirtz, JC; Harris, AC; Liu, SX; Ramakrishnan, A; Swain, Y; Tran, PV, 2021)
"Opioid use disorder is associated with feelings of social isolation, an increased risk of suicide and, at the community level, lower social capital."( Christie, NC, 2021)
"Prescription opioid misuse is a significantly greater risk factor for gun and other weapon carrying among male US high school students, which disproportionately increases the risk for violence perpetration, including suicide among these students."( Pontes, M; Pontes, NMH, 2021)
"Opioid abuse is an increasingly global phenomenon."( Singh, B, 2021)
"Prescription opioid misuse is more common among the black population."( Goudra, B; Guthal, A; Singh, PM, 2021)
"Opioid misuse is now considered a major public health epidemic in North America, with substantial social and financial consequences."( Adiamah, A; Daliya, P; Knaggs, RD; Levy, N; Lobo, DN; Roslan, F; Theophilidou, E, 2021)
"Opioid use disorder is a growing concern in the United States."( Beardsley, PM; Carper, M; Contreras, KM; Damaj, MI; Walentiny, DM, 2021)
"Opioid use disorder is a serious health condition for which buprenorphine is proven effective, yet providers substantially underutilize buprenorphine."( Banta-Green, CJ; Hansen, RN; Merrill, JO; Ossiander, EM; Wasserman, CR, 2021)
"Opioid use disorder is a worldwide societal problem and public health burden."( Cao, DN; Li, F; Li, J; Wu, N, 2023)
"Opioid use disorders are serious contributors to the harms associated with the drug use."( Daniel, WA; Filip, M; Frankowska, M; Jastrzębska, J; Kleczkowska, P; Pieniążek, R; Pukło, R; Suder, A; Surówka, P; Zadrożny-Bujalska, M, 2021)
"Opioid abuse is a public health crisis and the perioperative period can be a time of first opioid exposure."( Andersen, P; Cetas, J; Detwiller, KY; Dogan, A; Farrell, NF; Geltzeiler, M; Gupta, S; Mace, JC; Pailet, J; Rimmer, RA; Scott, B; Smith, TL, 2022)
"Opioid misuse is a widespread public health problem, and opioids are often prescribed in the dental environment."( Cotchery, DL; Farooqi, OA; Ferguson, DK; Foran, D; Gibson, G; Hakki, OW; Panchal, NH; Silva, R; Smith, GM; Wehler, CJ, 2021)
"The diagnosis of opioid use disorder is not the same as the diagnosis of substance dependence according to ICD-10, as the DSM‑5 diagnosis covers a much broader spectrum (mild, moderate, severe)."( Häuser, W; Just, J; Petzke, F; Radbruch, L; Scherbaum, N; Weckbecker, K, 2022)
"Opioid use disorder is a major public health problem, and opioid replacement therapy with buprenorphine (BPN) is a clinically effective and evidence-based treatment for it."( Balhara, YPS; Modak, T; Sarkar, S, 2021)
"Pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder is effective but underused from a clinical perspective, and average treatment duration is shorter than current recommendations."( McPheeters, J; Mutter, R; Spencer, D, 2022)
"Opioid abuse is a worldwide public health issue, and deaths related to opioid abuse are increasing."( Aronow, WS; Briasoulis, A; Malik, SS, 2022)
"Opioid use disorder is used as an exemplar for substance use disorders and clinical recommendations are included with expanded attention to risk assessment and mitigation with interventions targeted to minimize the risk for relapse or escalation of substance use."( Compton, P; Matteliano, D; Oliver, J; Sowicz, TJ; St Marie, B; Strobbe, S; Turner, HN; Wilson, M, 2022)
"Opioid use disorder is a public health problem and treatment variability, coverage and accessibility poses some challenges."( Puig, T; Samsó Jofra, L; Solà, I; Trujols, J, 2022)
"Opiate addiction is common among offenders, and many opiate-dependent lawbreakers are treated in the correctional system according to § 64 STGB."( Soyka, M; Steinböck, H, 2022)
"However, opioid misuse is widespread, and cancer patients are at risk."( Keall, P; Keall, R; Kiani, C; Lovell, M; Luckett, T; McNeill, R, 2022)
"Opioid misuse is common, as is opioid agonist treatment of opioid dependence."( Demirkol, A; Murnion, BP, 2022)
"Opioid use disorder is a significant global issue and the rate of opioid use in women of childbearing age and pregnant women is on the rise."( Baldacchino, A; Conti, AA; Hemmati, Z, 2022)
"Opioid use disorder is a highly heterogeneous disease driven by a variety of genetic and environmental risk factors which have yet to be fully elucidated."( Akbarian, S; Bartels, CF; Ben Hutta, G; Cates, H; Corradin, O; Cuoto, L; Gryder, BE; Hancock, DB; Hays, C; Hoang, AT; Iskhakova, M; Johnson, EO; Kassim, BS; Lovrenert, K; Mash, DC; Quach, BC; Sallari, R; Scacheri, PC; Song, Y, 2022)
"Opioid misuse is hypothesized to compromise the ability to regulate negative emotions, as manifested through visceral and peripheral physiological signals."( Bernat, EM; Fix, ST; Froeliger, B; Garland, EL; Hudak, J; Prince, KC, 2022)
"Opioid dependence is an important public health issue with high rates of relapse."( Andrada, E; Bandalan, JH; Dangelo-Kemp, D; Johnston, L; Rodriguez, M; Wilson, H, 2022)
"Medication for opioid use disorder is the evidence-based, standard of care for treating OUD in outpatient settings, especially buprenorphine because it is effective and has low toxicity."( Aspero, H; Bao, Y; Bogner, HR; Calderbank, T; Campbell, K; Coviello, D; Dooley, P; French, R; Harris, RA; Lowenstein, M; Maginnis, J; Mandell, DS; O'Donnell, N, 2022)
"Prescription opioid misuse is an ongoing epidemic in the United States."( Fields, KG; Kaye, AD; Thomas, AT; Urman, RD, 2022)
"Opioid misuse is a critical public health crisis in the United States that results in over 50,000 deaths per year and a substantial economic burden to society."( Cavigelli, SA; Flarend, G; Horton, WJ; Kamens, HM; Wickenheisser, A, 2023)
"Opioid misuse is a nationwide public health crisis."( Bonifonte, A; Garcia, E, 2022)
"Medications for opioid use disorder are an effective, life-saving treatment, but patients with an opioid use disorder admitted to the hospital seldom initiate medication for their disorder while in the hospital, nor are they linked with outpatient treatment after discharge."( Chan Osilla, K; Danovitch, I; Friedmann, PD; Huerta, S; Leamon, I; Mazer, MW; Messineo, G; Murray-Krezan, C; Nuckols, T; Ober, AJ; Page, K; Ryzewicz, S; Watkins, KE, 2022)
"Opioid dependence is causing an epidemic in the US, but unlike the 1970s it seems more related to prescription opioids than heroin."( Hernández Julián, I; López-Vílchez, MÁ; Medina Martí, P; Mur Sierra, A, 2023)
"Opioid use disorder is a chronic brain disease influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors, accounting for approximately 50% of the liability."( Cheng, C; Fu, X; Lu, Y; Wang, K; Xie, Q; Zhang, J; Zhu, Y, 2022)
"As a result, opioid misuse is a cause for concern and is considered an epidemic."( Bednarova, R; Biancuzzi, H; Brescia, V; Campostrini, S; Cascella, M; Cobianchi, L; Cuomo, A; Dal Mas, F; Dorken-Gallastegi, A; Gebran, A; Kaafarani, HM; Marinangeli, F; Massaro, M; Miceli, L; Renne, A; Scaioli, G; Vittori, A, 2022)
"Opioid use disorder is associated with high rates of mortality and has become an escalating global health issue."( Danø, A; Gibbons, C; Jensen, R; Pedersen, MH, 2022)
"Opioid misuse is strongly associated with suicidal behaviors among veterans."( Betancourt, CA; Goldberg, DG; Hawks, BA; Kitsantas, P, 2023)
"People with opioid use disorder are less likely than others to have a primary care physician."( Hum, S; Kiran, T; Meaney, C; Mogic, L; Moineddin, R; Spithoff, S, 2022)
"Opioid use disorders are associated with a high burden of disease and treatment gap."( Chiliza, B; Kiburi, SK; Ngarachu, E; Paruk, S; Tomita, A, 2023)
"Opioid use disorders are commonly treated by long-acting agonist opioids including methadone and buprenorphine which could affect various aspects of male reproduction especially spermatogenesis."( Abedini, M; Amirinejad, M; Haghpanah, T; Moinaddini, F; Nematollahi-Mahani, SN; Yoosefi, F, 2023)
"Opioid use disorders are commonly treated by long-acting agonist opioids including methadone and buprenorphine which could affect various aspects of male reproduction especially spermatogenesis."( Abedini, M; Amirinejad, M; Haghpanah, T; Moinaddini, F; Nematollahi-Mahani, SN; Yoosefi, F, 2023)
"Opioid use disorders are commonly treated by long-acting agonist opioids including methadone and buprenorphine which could affect various aspects of male reproduction especially spermatogenesis."( Abedini, M; Amirinejad, M; Haghpanah, T; Moinaddini, F; Nematollahi-Mahani, SN; Yoosefi, F, 2023)
"In the USA, opioid use disorder care is maximally disruptive."( Englander, H; Gregg, J; Levander, XA, 2023)
"In the USA, opioid use disorder care is maximally disruptive."( Englander, H; Gregg, J; Levander, XA, 2023)
"In the USA, opioid use disorder care is maximally disruptive."( Englander, H; Gregg, J; Levander, XA, 2023)
"Opioid use disorder is a serious public health problem in Nepal."( Howard, J; Lien, L; Ojha, SP; Pant, SB; Thapa, SB, 2023)
"Opioid addiction is a major public health issue, yet its underlying mechanism is still unknown."( Chen, Z; Dong, B; Hou, X; Jia, J; Li, G; Li, Y; Liang, J; Lu, Y; Wang, Y; Wei, S; Yan, J; Zhang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zheng, T, 2023)
"Opioid use disorder is a public health concern in Australia."( Abimanyi-Ochom, J; Hall, NY; Le, L; Mihalopoulos, C; Teesson, M, 2023)
"Medications for opioid use disorder are effective at reducing risk of fatal overdose but are underutilized, as is the opioid reversal medication naloxone."( Bell, LA; Hadland, SE, 2023)
"Opioid misuse is a growing public health concern in the United States (U."( Kyei, EF; Leveille, S, 2023)
"Opioid addiction is characterized by adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine system that occur during chronic opioid use."( Dursun, SM; Nickols, JER; Taylor, AMW, 2023)
"Opioid dependence is associated with substantial health and social burdens, and opioid agonist treatment (OAT) is highly effective in improving multiple outcomes for people who receive this treatment."( Clark, B; Degenhardt, L; Farrell, M; Hickman, M; Kimber, J; Larance, B; Leppan, O; Macpherson, G; Martino-Burke, D; Nielsen, S; Zahra, E, 2023)
"Opioid use disorder is a major public health concern that accounts for a high number of potential years of life lost."( Day, N; Deol, J; Dong, K; Fanaeian, J; Faris, P; Ghosh, M; Holroyd, BR; Lang, E; Low, K; McLane, P; Ross, M; Scott, K; Stone, KD; Taghizadeh, N; Tanguay, R; Yee, K, 2023)
"Opioid misuse is a nationwide issue and is of particular concern with regard to military readiness."( Janvrin, ML; Koehlmoos, TP; Korona-Bailey, J; Madsen, C; Schoenfeld, AJ, 2023)
"Opioid use disorder is a public health crisis that causes tremendous suffering for patients as well as substantial social and economic costs for society."( Hofford, RS; Kiraly, DD; Sens, JP, 2023)
"Opioid addiction is a serious public health problem in the US, and this study aimed to explore how natural language processing (NLP) can be used to identify factors that contribute to distress in individuals with opioid addiction, and then use this information along with structured data to predict the outcome of opioid treatment programs (OTP)."( Cui, W; Finkelstein, J; Shah-Mohammadi, F, 2023)
"Opioid abuse is one of the most obvious problems in today's world and directly affects individuals' quality of life."( Hosseini, SA; Musarezaie, A; Rezazadeh, M, 2023)
"Opioid use disorder is a leading cause of death through the year postpartum."( Britton, E; Cunningham, P; Johnson, J; Martin, CE; Sabo, R; Shadowen, H, 2023)

Context

ExcerptReference
"Detoxification from opiate addiction has been a medical problem for as long as opiate drugs have been available."( Gold, MS, 1993)
"Most studies on opioid dependence have focused on the prototypical opioid morphine, which produces its physical dependence through agonist actions at the mu-opioid receptor."( Ho, IK; Rockhold, RW; Zhu, H, 1998)
"The mechanisms of opioid addiction has attracted much attention of researchers around the world."( Han, JS; Luo, F; Wang, B, 1998)
"Prescription opioid abuse has harmful ramifications for the legitimate and appropriate use of opioids, including stigmatization, opiophobia, and undertreatment of pain."( Bigelow, G; Compton, P; Foley, K; Iguchi, M; Sannerud, C; Zacny, J, 2003)
"Opiate abuse has been associated with cognitive deficits in human addicts."( Aston-Jones, G; Harris, GC, 2003)
"While opioid dependence has more treatment agents available than other abused drugs, none are curative."( Kleber, HD, 2007)
"Prevalence of prescription opioid abuse has increased dramatically in recent years in the United States generally, and a similar pattern of increasing prescription opioid use has also been noted among patients seeking treatment for opioid dependence."( Dunn, KE; Heil, SH; Higgins, ST; McGee, MR; Sigmon, SC, 2008)
"Opioid abuse has increased in the last decade, primarily as a result of increased access to prescription opioids."( Friedman, TC; Lutfy, K; O'Dell, LE; Van Uum, SH; Vuong, C, 2010)
"Opioid dependence has also increased significantly, leading to a burden on patients, employers, insurers, society, and the entire health care system."( Jan, SA, 2010)
"Prescription opioid abuse has risen dramatically in the United States as clinicians have increased opioid prescribing for alleviation of both acute and chronic pain."( Bigelow, GE; Harrison, JA; Lanier, RK; Strain, EC; Tompkins, DA, 2010)
"The extent of prescription opioid abuse has led to the development of formulations that are difficult to crush."( Ashworth, JB; Benedek, IH; Comer, SD; Jones, JD; Manubay, JM; Vosburg, SK, 2012)
"Opioid abuse has continued to increase at an alarming rate since the 1990 s."( Abdi, S; Atluri, S; Balog, CC; Benyamin, RM; Boswell, MV; Brown, KR; Bruel, BM; Bryce, DA; Burks, PA; Burton, AW; Calodney, AK; Caraway, DL; Cash, KA; Christo, PJ; Damron, KS; Datta, S; Deer, TR; Diwan, S; Eriator, I; Falco, FJ; Fellows, B; Geffert, S; Gharibo, CG; Glaser, SE; Grider, JS; Hameed, H; Hameed, M; Hansen, H; Harned, ME; Hayek, SM; Helm, S; Hirsch, JA; Janata, JW; Kaye, AD; Kaye, AM; Kloth, DS; Koyyalagunta, D; Lee, M; Malla, Y; Manchikanti, KN; Manchikanti, L; McManus, CD; Pampati, V; Parr, AT; Pasupuleti, R; Patel, VB; Sehgal, N; Silverman, SM; Singh, V; Smith, HS; Snook, LT; Solanki, DR; Tracy, DH; Vallejo, R; Wargo, BW, 2012)
"Opioid abuse has become a national and state public health crisis."( Falkowski, C, 2013)
"Men and women with opioid addiction have been known to differ in factors such as opioid use patterns and characteristics at treatment entry; however, little has been reported about differences in methadone treatment outcomes between men and women."( Anglin, R; Bawor, M; Dennis, BB; Samaan, Z; Steiner, M; Thabane, L, 2014)
"The issue of opioid abuse has significant clinical and economic consequences for patients, health care providers, commercial and government payers, and society as a whole."( Meyer, R; Mody, SH; Patel, AM; Quock, TP; Rattana, SK, 2014)
"Opioid abuse has reached epidemic levels."( DeFlavio, JR; Kazal, LA; Nordstrom, BR; Rolin, SA, 2015)
"Since people with opioid use disorders have an increased incidence of incarceration, we undertook the present study to evaluate the association between incarceration and methadone maintenance therapy among a cohort of injection drug users in a Canadian setting."( Bach, P; Hayashi, K; Kerr, T; Koehn, JD; Milloy, MJ; Nguyen, P; Rieb, L; Wood, E, 2015)
"Concurrently, opioid use disorders have risen to epidemic levels."( Berkowitz, O; Daum, AM; Renner, JA, 2015)
"Since 2002, opiate addiction has also been treated in general medical settings with a substance called buprenorphine."( Harris, S, 2015)
"The heritability of opioid use disorder has been widely investigated; however, the influence of specific genes on methadone treatment outcomes is not well understood."( Anglin, R; Bawor, M; Daiter, J; Dennis, BB; Desai, D; Marsh, DC; Pare, G; Plater, C; Samaan, Z; Steiner, M; Tan, C; Thabane, L; Varenbut, M; Worster, A, 2015)
"Opioid addiction has been recast as a biological disorder in which patients are victims of their neurotransmitters and opioid prescribers are irresponsible purveyors of dangerous substances requiring controls."( Hansen, H; Mendoza, S; Rivera-Cabrero, AS, 2016)
"Opioid dependence has devastating and increasingly widespread consequences and costs, and the most common outcome of treatment is early relapse."( Alagoz, E; Gustafson, DH; Johnson, RA; Kornfield, R; Landucci, G; Mares, ML; McTavish, F; Pe-Romashko, K; Quanbeck, A; Shah, D; Thomas, C; Westergaard, RP, 2016)
"Opioid addiction has devastating health and socio-economic consequences, and current pharmacotherapy is limited and often accompanied by side effects, thus novel treatment is warranted."( Bailey, A; Georgiou, P; Kouimtsidis, C; Niforooshan, R; Robinson, F; Weber, C; Zanos, P, 2018)
"Opioid use disorder has been declared a public health crisis across North America and opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is the standard of care for these patients."( Daiter, J; Eibl, JK; Gauthier, G; Hogenbirk, JC; Marsh, DC; Pellegrini, D; Varenbut, M, 2017)
"Opioid use disorders have reached epidemic proportions, with overdose now the leading cause of accidental death in the United States."( Friedmann, PD; Gordon, M; Lee, JD; Nunes, EV; O'Brien, CP; Rathlev, N; Soares, WE; Wilson, D, 2018)
"The epidemic of opioid abuse has prompted professional and government agencies to issue practice guidelines for prescribing opioids to manage chronic pain."( Kwong, TC; Magnani, B; Moore, C, 2017)
"Opioid abuse has killed tens of thousands of Americans in recent years, prompting health plans to adjust their prescription drug policies, including changing formularies and prior-authorization processes."( Berlin, J, 2017)
"Prescription opioid abuse has rapidly increased in recent years and is now considered a national epidemic by the United States government."( Chan, WJ; Gunther, MB; Huang, AL; Rickles, NM, 2019)
"Prescription opioid misuse has become a significant public health issue."( Asken, BM; Cottler, LB; Dunne, EM; Ennis, N; Mannes, ZL; Striley, CW, 2020)
"The epidemic of opioid misuse has taught us that there is a lack of fundamental knowledge about the characteristics and management of chronic pain, that conflicts of interest and validity of models must be considered in the context of drug development, and that novel analgesics with less abuse liability are badly needed."( Stein, C, 2018)
"Opioid dependence has become a major health care issue."( Cote, C; Hirji, SA; Kaneko, T; Landino, S; Lee, J; McGurk, S; Orhurhu, V; Pelletier, MP; Shah, RM; Shekar, P, 2019)
"Prescription opioid abuse has become a serious national problem."( Grando, A; Murcko, A; Ponnapalli, A; Wertheim, P, 2018)
"Opioid misuse has been linked to variety of poor outcomes and its consequences have a significant impact on healthcare resource utilization."( Bagshaw, SM; Clarke, H; Deschamps, J; Dong, K; Downar, J; Featherstone, R; Gilbertson, J; Korownyk, C; Lynam, D; MacMaster, FP; Magnussen, R; Mahaffey, R; Montgomery, L; Muscedere, J; Rewa, OG; Rittenbach, K; Sebastianski, M; Straube, S; Vandermeer, B, 2019)
"Opioid addiction has become a global epidemic and a national health crisis in recent years, with the number of opioid overdose fatalities steadily increasing since the 1990s."( Battista, NA; Pearcy, LB; Strickland, WC, 2019)
"Opioid abuse has reached epidemic proportions in the United States."( Landry, AM; Leventhal, EL; Nathanson, LA, 2019)
"Opioid abuse has plagued the United States, with a resurgence since the early 2000s."( Bowlby, MA; Crawford, ME, 2019)
"Animal models of opioid addiction have demonstrated that intravenous cues are sufficient to cause drug seeking."( Elvig, SK; Fegan, KN; Huynh, DT; Lee, S; McGovern, DJ; Phillips, AG; Ro, K; Root, DH, 2020)
"As opioid dependence has become a major public health issue, it is important to understand what factors can leave patients vulnerable."( Chatha, K; Ghisa, C; Gilot, G; Goss, L; Sabesan, VJ, 2019)
"Prescription opioid abuse has become a public health crisis."( Fortun, P; Sahota, S, 2019)
"Prescription opioid misuse has become a leading cause of unintentional injury and death among adolescents and young adults in the United States."( Bourgeois, FT; Hudgins, JD; Monuteaux, MC; Porter, JJ, 2019)
"Opioid misuse has evolved into an American health crisis over the past decade, becoming a public health epidemic."( Anako, N; Bierut, LJ; Cavazos-Rehg, P; Grucza, R; Kaiser, N; Kasson, E; Krauss, MJ; Sansone, S; Smarsh, A; Winograd, R, 2019)
"Treatment for opioid use disorders has recently evolved to include long-acting injectable and implantable formulations of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)."( Budney, AJ; Marsch, LA; Metcalf, SA; Moore, SK; Saunders, EC; Scherer, E; Walsh, O, 2020)
"Opioid addiction has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and it is thought that the problem started with the prescription for legal pain medications by health care professionals, particularly for treating patients who had undergone surgery."( Ogle, OE, 2020)
"Opiate addiction has risen substantially during the past decade."( Blair, G; Davis, JM; Ko, A; Levin, ED; Modarres, J; Pace, C; Rezvani, AH; Rose, JE; Wells, C, 2020)
"In parallel, opioid abuse has increased and is of major concern."( Batisse, A; Corand, V; Daveluy, A; Frauger, E; Grelaud, A; Haramburu, F; Lacueille, C; Lapeyre-Mestre, M; Lassalle, R; Le Boisselier, R; Micallef, J; Miremont-Salamé, G; Peyrière, H; Sanchez-Pena, P; Victorri-Vigneau, C, 2021)
"Opioid misuse has reached epidemic proportions among emerging adults in the U."( D'Amico, EJ; Davis, JP; Seelam, R; Stein, BD; Tucker, JS, 2020)
"Opioid misuse has emerged in recent years as a major public health concern in the United States, particularly for adolescents and emerging young adults."( D'Amico, EJ; Davis, JP; Seelam, R; Stein, BD; Tucker, JS, 2021)
"Opioid abuse has become a national crisis."( Aynardi, M; Ba, D; Bible, J; Dhawan, A; Garner, M; Kowalski, C; Leslie, D; Liu, G; Ridenour, R, 2022)
"Opioid use disorder has long been associated with psychiatric symptoms, including dissociative experiences."( Crawford, TN; Fischer, KB; Gainer, DM; Wright, MD, 2021)
"Prescription opioid misuse has been recognized as a national epidemic."( Davison, SP; Newman, A, 2021)
"Opioid abuse has been an increasing problem since the 1990s."( Goudra, B; Guthal, A; Singh, PM, 2021)
"Opioid use disorder has affected many lives across the US."( Moo-Young, J; Mortaji, P; Terasaki, D, 2021)
"Veterans with opioid use disorder have an increased risk of suicide and overdose compared with the general population."( Arndt, S; Carnahan, RM; Charlton, M; Field, W; Lund, BC; Vakkalanka, P; Ward, MM, 2021)
"While opioid dependence has been extensively studied in preclinical models, an understanding of the biological alterations that occur in the brains of people who chronically use opioids and who are diagnosed with OUD remains limited."( Freyberg, Z; Glausier, JR; Hildebrand, MA; Kim, SM; Lewis, DA; Logan, RW; Pfenning, AR; Phan, BN; Seney, ML; Shelton, MA; Srinivasan, C; Tseng, GC; Wang, J; Xue, X; Zong, W, 2021)
"Although opioid misuse has historically been more prevalent in men, the gender difference in opioid analgesic misuse continues to narrow, with more women initiating misuse than men including higher rates of misuse in adolescent girls."( Chartoff, EH; Greenfield, SF; McHugh, RK; Nguyen, MD; Sugarman, DE, 2021)
"This era of opioid abuse has been punctuated by three distinct rises in mortality, precipitated by unique public health problems that needed to be addressed."( Komrowski, MD; Sekhri, NK, 2021)
"The prevalence of opioid use disorder has increased across the United States, but the rural population of Appalachia has been disproportionately impacted."( Bailey, BA; Chroust, AJ; Duvall, KL; Shah, DS; Turner, EL; Wood, DL, 2022)
"Opioid abuse has become a public health concern among many developed countries, with policymakers searching for strategies to mitigate adverse effects on population health and the wider economy."( Friebel, R; Maynou, L; Yoo, KJ, 2022)
"Opioid use disorder has been designated a worsening epidemic with over 100,000 deaths due to opioid overdoses recorded in 2021 alone."( Bandoian, CV; Imtiaz, MS; Santoro, TJ, 2021)
"Medications for opioid use disorder have been shown to improve OUD outcomes, including reduction and prevention of overdose."( Baurley, JW; Bergen, AW; Bible, JD; McMahan, CS; St Ville, M, 2022)
"Opioid misuse has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality in the United States, and safer opioid use represents an important challenge in the primary care setting."( Bargal, B; Benneyan, JC; Carlile, N; Fuller, TE; Hunt, L; Schiff, GD; Singer, S, 2022)
"Opioid misuse has dramatically increased over the last few decades resulting in many people suffering from opioid use disorder (OUD)."( Bedard, ML; Bravo, IM; Diering, GH; Lord, JS; McElligott, ZA; Perez, PJ; Tarantino, LM; Teklezghi, AT, 2023)
"As opioid misuse has shifted increasingly toward injection of illicitly produced opioids, it has been associated with HIV and hepatitis C transmission."( Bonny, A; Hepler, SA; Kline, D; McKnight, E; Miller, WC; Waller, LA, 2023)
"Although opioid misuse has been decreasing among US youths and adolescents in recent years, it is unclear what has contributed to this trend and how this trend differs by age group and sex over time."( Adams, J; Bobashev, G; Warren, LK, 2023)

Actions

ExcerptReference
"Opioid addiction affects over 2 million patients in the United States."( Alford, DP; Kotz, MM; Kraus, ML; Levounis, P; Mandell, TW; Meyer, M; Salsitz, EA; Wetterau, N; Wyatt, SA, 2011)
"Opiate dependence affects about 15,479,000 people worldwide."( Grall Bronnec, M; Guillet, JY; Guillou Landreat, M; Le Reste, JY; Rozaire, C; Victorri Vigneau, C, 2015)
"Opioid use disorder affects over 26 million individuals worldwide."( Nunes, EV; Shulman, M; Wai, JM, 2019)
"Parental opioid use disorder impacts children."( Betcher, HK; Croarkin, PE; Gandhi, KD; Larrabee, BR; Limbeck, MG; Romanowicz, M; Rummans, TA; Shekunov, J; Vande Voort, JL, 2019)
"Opioid use disorder has affected many lives across the US."( Moo-Young, J; Mortaji, P; Terasaki, D, 2021)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"New medications for the treatment of opiate dependence are being developed."( Ling, W; Wesson, DR, 1990)
"A questionnaire concerning knowledge of opiate abuse and attitudes about abusers was administered to 94 randomly selected physicians and medical students at a large urban teaching hospital."( Demas, P; Shine, D, 1984)
"Naloxone tests for opiate dependence were given to 296 applicants for treatment with the surrogate opiate levomethadyl acetate (LAAM, levo-alpha-acetylmethadol) and to 103 applicants for treatment with the opiate antagonist naltrexone."( Goldstein, A; Himmelberger, DU; Judson, BA, 1980)
"Two groups of subjects, opioid abusers (n = 20) and nonabusers (n = 20), received either one 15 mg/70 kg IM morphine pretreatment or two such pretreatments spaced 24 h apart."( Azolosa, JL; Greenwald, MK; Stitzer, ML, 1994)
"Methadone treatment for opioid dependence needs to be promoted and liberalized, especially because the oral route of administration eliminates the risks accompanying drug injection."( Blansfield, HN, 1996)
"Methadone maintenance for the treatment of opioid dependence is described in this article."( Berghella, V; Finnegan, L; Kaltenbach, K, 1998)
"in the treatment of opiate addiction."( Bearn, J; Gossop, M; Strang, J, 1999)
"To compare outcomes of patients with opioid dependence treated with MMT vs an alternative treatment, psychosocially enriched 180-day methadone-assisted detoxification."( Banys, P; Clark, HW; Delucchi, KL; Hall, SM; Masson, C; Robillard, H; Rosen, A; Sees, KL, 2000)
"Participants were opioid abusers entering methadone treatment."( Brooner, RK; Kidorf, MS; King, VL; Stoller, KB, 2000)
"Fifty-eight patients seeking treatment for opioid dependence were recruited in three outpatient facilities and randomly assigned to substitution with buprenorphine or methadone."( Déglon, JJ; Ladewig, D; Livoti, S; Petitjean, S; Stohler, R; Uehlinger, C; Waldvogel, D, 2001)
"The study was carried out on 44 opiate abusers (14 women aged from 21-33 years and 30 men aged from 21-46 years), who were classified to methadone maintenance treatment."( Janik, A; Kolarzyk, E; Kroch, S; Szpanowska-Wohn, A, 2000)
"Sufficient treatment facilities for opioid dependence should be provided when law enforcement activities against open drug scenes are planned."( Dürsteler-Mac Farland, KM; Eich, D; Eichenberger, A; Falcato, L; Rössler, W; Stohler, R, 2001)
"The treatment of opioid dependence during pregnancy is a major challenge for doctors, social workers and gynaecologists."( Eder, H; Fischer, G; Peternell, A; Rupp, I, 2001)
"Societal fears of opioid addiction and lack of advocacy are also causal factors in the under-treatment of pediatric pain."( Nichols, DG; Yaster, M, 2001)
"Methadone maintenance is an effective treatment for opioid dependence, yet its use is restricted to federally licensed narcotic treatment programs (NTPs)."( Chawarski, M; Fiellin, DA; O'Connor, PG; Pakes, JP; Pantalon, MV; Schottenfeld, RS, 2001)
"To review opioid dependence (OD) and its treatment."( Boardman, KD; Fye, CL; Raisch, DW; Sather, MR, 2002)
"The occurrence of an opioid addiction within an opioid treatment of pain or diarrhoea in inflammatory bowel disease is rarely reported."( Grandt, D; Häuser, W; Lachiheb, H, 2002)
"Methadone is widely used for the treatment of opioid dependence."( Baumann, P; Buclin, T; Eap, CB, 2002)
"Treatment of opiate dependence with naltrexone has been limited by poor compliance."( Church, SH; Collins, E; Kleber, HD; Nunes, EV; Rothenberg, JL; Seracini, A; Sullivan, MA, 2002)
"Prescription opioid abuse has harmful ramifications for the legitimate and appropriate use of opioids, including stigmatization, opiophobia, and undertreatment of pain."( Bigelow, G; Compton, P; Foley, K; Iguchi, M; Sannerud, C; Zacny, J, 2003)
"Pharmacological treatments for opiate dependence have had limited success; often the consequence of limited access to care."( Bridge, TP; Fudala, PJ; Herbert, S; Leiderman, DB, 2003)
"Men (N = 124) entering treatment for opioid dependence who were living with a family member were randomly assigned to one of two 24-week treatments: (a) behavioral family counseling (BFC) plus individual treatment (patients had both individual and family sessions and took naltrexone daily in presence of family member) or (b) individual-based treatment only (IBT; patients were given naltrexone and were asked in counseling sessions about their compliance, but there was no family involvement)."( Fals-Stewart, W; O'Farrell, TJ, 2003)
"Office-based treatment of opiate addiction with a sublingual-tablet formulation of buprenorphine and naloxone has been proposed, but its efficacy and safety have not been well studied."( Bridge, TP; Casadonte, P; Chiang, CN; Collins, J; Fudala, PJ; Goldsmith, RJ; Herbert, S; Jones, K; Ling, W; Malkerneker, U; McNicholas, L; Raisch, D; Renner, J; Stine, S; Tusel, D; Williford, WO, 2003)
"Mainstreaming opioid addiction treatment has many advantages; its success will depend on resolution of ethical and delivery system issues as well as improved and expanded training of physicians in addiction medicine."( Krantz, MJ; Mehler, PS, 2004)
"Improving office-based treatment of opioid dependence requires an evaluation of processes of care."( Chawarski, M; Fiellin, DA; O'Connor, PG; Schottenfeld, RS, 2004)
"In Australia, maintenance treatment for opioid dependence involves supervised daily administration of a dose of methadone or buprenorphine."( Bell, J; Byron, G; Gibson, A; Morris, A, 2004)
"Primary treatments for opiate dependence (e."( Levin, FR; Nunes, EV; Sullivan, MA, 2004)
"Data sources included opioid dependence treatment practice, review and outcome research literature (1965-2001) in the form of peer-reviewed articles, books, monographs and reports that are preeminently cited and reviewed international studies on MMT."( Fischer, B; Kim, G; Kirst, M; Rehm, J, 2005)
"Methadone is effective treatment for opioid addiction, but regulations restrict its use."( Awan, A; Brumback, LC; Carney, M; Donovan, D; Jackson, TR; Kapitan, S; Merrill, JO; Saxon, AJ; Schulman, BA, 2005)
"The results suggest that office-based treatment of opioid dependence is associated with new types of patients entering into treatment."( Chawarski, M; Fiellin, DA; O'Connor, PG; Schottenfeld, RS; Sullivan, LE, 2005)
"Methadone maintenance treatment of opiate addiction is highly effective at reducing drug use, drug-related criminal activity, and risk of HIV transmission."( Clarke, J; Key, RG; McKenzie, M; Poshkus, M; Rich, JD; Shield, DC; Wolf, FA, 2005)
"Treatment of maternal opioid dependence with methadone is associated with a delay in fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations in nonstress tests."( Flores, S; McKay, J; Ramirez-Cacho, WA; Rayburn, WF; Schrader, RM, 2006)
"This formulation may offer effective treatment of opioid dependence and enhance treatment delivery while minimizing risks of patient non-adherence or illicit diversion of the medication."( Bigelow, GE; Moody, DE; Nuwayser, ES; Sigmon, SC, 2006)
"To describe the current situation of opiate addiction and treatments in China and make some suggestions."( Cubells, JF; Tang, YL; Zhao, C; Zhao, D, 2006)
"Currently, the main treatments for opiate dependence in China include short-term detoxification with opiate agonists or non-opiate agents, such as clonidine or lofexidine; Chinese herbal medicine and traditional non-medication treatments are also used."( Cubells, JF; Tang, YL; Zhao, C; Zhao, D, 2006)
"Treatment of opioid dependence often requires continued opioid administration in the form of substitution therapy, which means that opioid-using IDUs often continue receiving opioids even after cessation of illicit drug use."( Fairbairn, N; Kerr, T; Maas, B; Montaner, J; Wood, E, 2006)
"Buprenorphine (BUP) is effective in the treatment of opioid dependence when given on alternating days, probably as a result of long-lasting occupation of micro opioid receptors (microORs)."( Bueller, J; Chang, Y; Greenwald, M; Johanson, CE; Kilbourn, M; Koeppe, R; Moody, DE; Zubieta, JK, 2007)
"Many patients with chronic opioid dependence are referred to drug-free outpatient treatment following inpatient detoxification even though successful outpatient treatment engagement and abstinence from opioids occur only in a minority of cases."( Bush, KR; Calsyn, DA; Davis Correale, TM; Davison, JW; Kivlahan, DR; Reoux, JP; Sloan, KL; Sweeney, ML, 2006)
"Untreated opioid dependence is a major obstacle to the successful treatment and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection."( Altice, FL; Basu, S; Eldred, L; Smith-Rohrberg, D; Stancliff, S; Sullivan, LE, 2006)
"Untreated opioid dependence adversely affects the care of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients."( Barry, D; Chawarski, MC; Fiellin, DA; Moore, BA; O'Connor, PG; Pantalon, MV; Schottenfeld, RS; Sullivan, LE; Tetrault, JM, 2006)
"Buprenorphine is used for the treatment of opioid dependence."( Bruce, RD; Kharasch, ED; McCance-Katz, E; Moody, DE; Morse, GD, 2006)
"Although treatment of opioid dependence is traditionally focused on heroin users, there is increasing recognition that a large number of people become dependent through the use of prescription opioids."( Lopatko, OV; White, JM, 2007)
"The most common treatment for opioid dependence is substitution therapy with another opioid such as methadone."( Barratt, DT; Coller, JK; Dahlen, K; Loennechen, MH; Somogyi, AA, 2006)
"Methadone maintenance therapy for the treatment of opioid dependence continues to carry a social stigma."( Bourgeois, JA; Craemer, E; Hancock, MM; Lester, L; Prosser, CC; Ransibrahmanakul, K; Rossaro, L, 2007)
"Patients suspected of opioid misuse can be treated with a time-limited trial of structured opioid therapy if they are not acquiring opioids from other sources."( Gourlay, D; Kahan, M; Midmer, D; Srivastava, A; Wilson, L, 2006)
"Another approach to treat opiate dependence could be to target the endogenous opioid system by enhancing the effects of enkephalins by protecting them from enzymic degradation by the dual peptidase inhibitor RB101."( Cordonnier, L; Noble, F; Roques, BP; Sanchez, M, 2007)
"Therefore, maintenance therapy for opioid dependence during pregnancy has been recommended to help withdrawal from street drugs, in order to improve maternal health and decrease risks to the fetus."( Halmesmäki, E; Haukkamaa, M; Kahila, H; Kivitie-Kallio, S; Saisto, T, 2007)
"Prescription opioid dependence is increasing, but treatment outcomes with office-based buprenorphine/naloxone among these patients have not been described."( Barry, DT; Chawarski, MC; Fiellin, DA; Moore, BA; O'Connor, PG; Schottenfeld, RS; Sullivan, LE, 2007)
"Among 212 patients who did not receive treatment for opioid dependence over the same period, the rates of treatment completion did not change significantly (89."( Rastegar, DA; Soeffing, JM, 2007)
"Naltrexone-treated opioid abusers demonstrate vulnerability to stress and drug-cue-induced craving and arousal responses that may contribute to the high rates of noncompliance and relapse among opioid-dependent individuals undergoing naltrexone treatment."( Doebrick, C; Fox, H; Hong, KI; Hyman, SM; Sinha, R, 2007)
"This study found that the frequency of opioid use disorders was 4 times higher in patients receiving opioid therapy compared with general population samples (3."( Balousek, SL; Brown, DD; Fleming, MF; Klessig, CL; Mundt, MP, 2007)
"Buprenorphine may be used to treat opioid dependence in office-based settings, but treatment models are needed to ensure access to psychosocial services needed by many patients."( Arnsten, JH; Gourevitch, MN; Kunins, HV; Whitley, SD, 2007)
"Buprenorphine is an efficacious treatment for opioid dependence recently approved for office-based medical practice."( Fong, C; Joseph, H; Kayman, DJ; Kolodny, A; Lee, SJ; Magura, S; Marsch, LA; Rosenblum, A; Salsitz, EA; Seewald, R; Taubes, T; Whitley, SD, 2007)
"The devastating costs of opioid abuse and dependence underscore the need for effective treatments for these disorders."( Comer, SD; Hulse, GK; Sullivan, MA, 2007)
"The problem of therapeutic opioid misuse largely affects patients who need opioids to treat chronic pain conditions."( Ballantyne, JC, 2007)
"We conclude that methadone maintenance treatment in opioid dependence shows positive effects on retention, opioid abuse and criminality compared with non-active controlled conditions."( Berglund, M; Johansson, BA; Lindgren, A, 2007)
"While opioid dependence has more treatment agents available than other abused drugs, none are curative."( Kleber, HD, 2007)
"To induce opiate dependence, mice were treated with intermittent escalating morphine doses (20-100 mg/kg, i."( Contarino, A; Ghozland, S; Ingallinesi, M; Koob, GF; Papaleo, F; Roberts, AJ, 2008)
"Prevalence of prescription opioid abuse has increased dramatically in recent years in the United States generally, and a similar pattern of increasing prescription opioid use has also been noted among patients seeking treatment for opioid dependence."( Dunn, KE; Heil, SH; Higgins, ST; McGee, MR; Sigmon, SC, 2008)
"Management of opioid dependence is associated with many challenges such as the misuse of prescribed treatment and lack of medication adherence that can affect the clinical outcome of the patient."( Jan, S; Kaur, AD; McQueen, A, 2008)
"All 47 pregnancies in 39 women with opiate dependence and buprenorphine maintenance treatment 2001-2006, and all 35 methadone-exposed pregnancies (26 women) 1982-2006 in Stockholm County."( Heilig, M; Kakko, J; Sarman, I, 2008)
"Since opioid dependence treatment with naltrexone tablets suffers from high dropout rates, several depot injections and implants are under investigation."( Bjørndal, A; Kornør, H; Kunøe, N; Lobmaier, P, 2008)
"Though useful in the treatment of opioid dependence and chronic pain, methadone possesses high abuse potential and documented mortality risks."( Gold, MS; Goldberger, BA; Graham, NA; Merlo, LJ, 2008)
"Providers of treatment for opioid addiction have entered a new era of accountability, as Federal and State regulators increasingly demand objective evidence of treatment effectiveness."( Jackson, TR, 2002)
"A new service delivery system for the treatment of opioid dependence, called motivational stepped care, matches the intensity of counseling services to each patient's clinical progress."( Brooner, RK; Kidorf, M, 2002)
"The success of maintenance treatment for opioid dependence in office-based settings is influenced by the extent of treatment coverage, the availability of effective medications and the capacity of general practitioners to prescribe opioids in adequate doses with a minimum of concomitant benzodiazepine prescriptions."( Aeschbach Jachmann, C; Fischer, G; Jagsch, R; Matzenauer, C; Winklbaur, B, 2008)
"The Prescription Opioid Misuse Index (POMI) was developed and used in a larger study designed to assess correlates of OxyContin abuse in pain patients prescribed OxyContin, patients treated for OxyContin addiction, and individuals incarcerated for OxyContin-related charges."( Campbell, ED; Cropsey, KL; Knisely, JS; Wunsch, MJ, 2008)
"Buprenorphine should be used for opiate dependence and chronic pain in patients with methadone-induced QT prolongation and as first line therapy in patients with risk factors for torsades de pointes."( Do, LT; Esses, JL; Hanon, S; Rosman, J; Schweitzer, P, 2008)
"As the only pharmacological treatment for opioid dependence readily available in office-based settings, buprenorphine may facilitate a historic shift in addiction treatment from treatment facilities to general medical practices."( Botsko, M; Cunningham, CO; Egan, JE; Fiellin, DA; Finkelstein, R; Gourevitch, MN; Netherland, J; Renner, JA; Saxon, AJ; Sohler, N; Sullivan, LE; Weiss, L, 2009)
"To determine whether prescription opioid dependence, assessed at the beginning of rehabilitation treatment, is associated with poorer treatment outcomes in patients with CDOSDs attending an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program."( Dersh, J; Gatchel, RJ; Mayer, EA; Mayer, TG; Polatin, PB; Theodore, BR, 2008)
"The cost of providing and receiving treatment for opioid dependence can determine its adoption."( Fiellin, DA; Jones, ES; Moore, BA; O'Connor, PG; Schottenfeld, RS; Sindelar, JL, 2009)
"Controls had not developed prescription opioid addiction as measured in part by close monitoring on long-term opioid therapy at a pain management center."( Bieber, CM; Borsook, D; Brennan, MJ; Butler, SF; Fernandez, K; Jamison, RN; Katz, NP; Osgood, E; Sharpe-Potter, J; Thomson, HN; Weiss, RD, 2008)
"Women using methadone for treatment of opioid dependence should not be discouraged from breastfeeding."( Finkelstein, Y; Garcia-Bournissen, F; Glatstein, MM; Koren, G, 2008)
"Buprenorphine can be used for the treatment of opioid dependence in primary care settings."( DiRocco, D; Gourevitch, MN; Grossman, E; Lee, JD, 2009)
"Opioid-substitution treatment (OST) for opioid dependence (OD) has proven effective in retaining patients in treatment and reducing illegal opiate abuse and crime."( Alho, H; Fabritius, C; Kalska, H; Rapeli, P, 2009)
"As a treatment agent for opioid dependence, buprenorphine is a nearly ideal medication at our current stage of medication development."( Ling, W, 2009)
"The development of effective treatments for opioid dependence is of great importance given the devastating consequences of the disease."( Dodrill, CL; Kosten, TR; Stotts, AL, 2009)
"The prescription of buprenorphine for opioid dependence treatment can be incorporated into primary care practice, and many patients, including polysubstance users, benefit from this treatment."( Fingerhood, MI; Jasinski, DR; Martin, LD; Rastegar, DA; Soeffing, JM, 2009)
"Methadone is a proven first-line treatment in opioid dependence but few studies have addressed the efficacy of different isoforms of methadone or the transfer from one form to the other."( Soyka, M; Zingg, C, 2009)
"HIV-infected patients with opioid dependence often require opioid replacement therapy."( Altice, FL; Andrews, L; Bruce, RD; Conner, C; Fang, WB; Friedland, GH; Lin, SN; Moody, DE; Piliero, PJ; Sabo, JP; Wruck, JM, 2009)
"Methadone is highly effective in treating opioid dependence, and it is also used as an analgesic for second-line management of chronic pain."( Brooks, D; Modesto-Lowe, V; Petry, N, 2010)
"Physician adoption of buprenorphine treatment of opioid dependence may be limited in part by concerns regarding the induction process."( Bryan, B; Fiellin, DA; Gunderson, EW; Levin, FR; Wang, XQ, 2010)
"It is imperative that opioid dependence is addressed and treated properly, in order to return patients to being productive participants in the workplace and society."( Jan, SA, 2010)
"In response to the growing incidence of opioid dependence, guidelines have been created, and new treatments are being developed to assist physicians in treating dependence and withdrawal of opioids."( Bragaw, L; Nicholls, L; Ruetsch, C, 2010)
"Guidelines for the treatment of opioid dependence have been developed by organizations such as the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP) and the American Psychiatric Association (APA)."( Bragaw, L; Nicholls, L; Ruetsch, C, 2010)
"In order to be successful in managing opioid dependence, physicians, employers, and managed care organizations must work together to provide an integrated approach to treatment."( Jan, SA, 2010)
"Failure in treating opioid dependence is costly to the patient, the employer, managed care organizations, and the overall health care system."( Ruetsch, C, 2010)
"Pharmacotherapy of opioid addiction alone is usually insufficient, and a complete treatment should also include effective psychosocial support or other interventions."( Bramness, J; Gossop, M; Lobmaier, P; Waal, H, 2010)
"Undertreated pain and prescription opioid abuse remain important public health problems."( Fine, PG; Webster, LR, 2010)
"In 4 studies with comparison groups, opioid misuse was modestly reduced (7% to 23%) after treatment agreements with or without urine drug testing."( Alford, DP; Becker, WC; Kapoor, A; Starrels, JL; Turner, BJ; Williams, AR, 2010)
"Naltrexone's usefulness in the treatment of opioid dependence stems from its ability to block the action of heroin and other opioids."( Gossop, M; Hegstad, S; Hjerkinn, B; Kristensen, O; Kunøe, N; Lobmaier, P; Vederhus, JK; Waal, H, 2010)
"Office-based treatment of opioid dependence with buprenorphine has the potential to expand treatment capacity in the United States."( Arfken, CL; di Menza, S; Johanson, CE; Schuster, CR, 2010)
"To outline the management of opioid dependence using opioid pharmacotherapy as part of a comprehensive chronic illness management strategy."( Frei, M, 2010)
"Limitations of existing pharmacological treatments for opioid dependence include low adherence, medication diversion, and emergence of withdrawal symptoms."( Bailey, GL; Beebe, KL; Bigelow, G; Casadonte, P; Kampman, KM; Ling, W; Patkar, A; Rosenthal, RN, 2010)
"In addition to treatment for opioid dependence, addressing other substance use, social issues, particularly housing, and mental health may have important implications for reducing HIV transmission in HIV-infected opioid-dependent patients."( Botsko, M; Chaudhry, AA; Egan, JE; Estrada, B; Fiellin, DA; Flanigan, TP; Lucas, GM; Mitty, J; Weiss, L; Woodson, T, 2011)
"Having opioid dependence and HIV infection are associated with poor HIV-related treatment outcomes."( Altice, FL; Botsko, M; Bruce, RD; Cajina, A; Cunningham, CO; Fiellin, DA; Finkelstein, R; Flanigan, TP; Gourevitch, MN; Korthuis, PT; Lucas, GM; Lum, PJ; Nandi, V; Sullivan, LE; Vergara-Rodriguez, P, 2011)
"Naltrexone can be used to treat opioid dependence, but patients refuse to take it."( Aklin, WM; Bigelow, GE; DeFulio, A; Donlin, WD; Everly, JJ; Fingerhood, M; Koffarnus, MN; Leoutsakos, JM; Silverman, K; Umbricht, A, 2011)
"Chronic medical conditions such as opioid dependence require evidence-based treatment recommendations."( Arria, A; Aschauer, C; Bäwert, A; Fischer, G; Jagsch, R; Jones, H; Leitich, H; Rohrmeister, K; Unger, A; Winklbaur, B, 2011)
"The influence of alcohol use on opioid dependence is a major problem that warrants a search for more effective treatment strategies."( Gorelick, DA; Mannelli, P; Patkar, AA; Peindl, K; Tharwani, HM; Wu, LT, 2011)
"Individuals with problem drinking and opioid dependence who were treated with VLNTX (n = 55) showed reduced withdrawal (p = ."( Gorelick, DA; Mannelli, P; Patkar, AA; Peindl, K; Tharwani, HM; Wu, LT, 2011)
"Treatment options for opioid dependence and pain are reviewed, including the use of the partial µ agonist buprenorphine in the management of concurrent pain and opioid addiction."( Hillhouse, M; Ling, W; Mooney, L, 2011)
"As office-based opioid dependence treatment (OBOT) has grown in the United States, postmarketing surveillance data reveal increased reports of buprenorphine misuse and diversion."( Lofwall, MR; Nuzzo, PA; Walsh, SL; Wunsch, MJ, 2011)
"There are three approaches to treating opioid dependence."( Law, F; Melichar, J; O'Shea, J, 2009)
"An accurate prevalence estimate for opioid dependence in New Zealand, and hence the extent of unmet treatment need, is lacking."( Adamson, SJ; Campbell, SD; Deering, DE; Frampton, CM; Henderson, C; Pooley, S; Robertson, R; Sellman, JD; Sheridan, J, 2012)
"Dentists can play a role in minimizing opioid abuse through patient education, careful patient assessment and referral for substance abuse treatment when indicated, and using tools such as prescription monitoring programs."( Denisco, RC; Hersh, EV; Kane, WT; Katz, NP; Kenna, GA; Kulich, RJ; Mehta, NR; Moore, PA; O'Neil, MG, 2011)
"Patients with opioid dependence who received medication for this disorder had lower hospital utilization and total costs than patients who did not receive pharmacologic therapy."( Baser, O; Chalk, M; Fiellin, DA; Gastfriend, DR, 2011)
"Treated patients with opiate dependence showed improvement in Stroop test performance under painful conditions, and this improvement was greater in males than females."( Aniskin, DB; Boda, N; Cohen, LJ; Fink, E; Galynker, II; Prosser, J; Steinfeld, M, 2011)
"The rate of opioid addiction among patients receiving long-term opioid therapy remains unclear, but research suggests that opioid misuse is not rare."( Chou, R; Deyo, RA; Kolodny, A; Von Korff, M, 2011)
"There are three stages to treating opioid dependence."( Law, F; Melichar, J; O'Shea, J; Praveen, KT, 2011)
"Here, we argue that opiate addiction and psychostimulant addiction are behaviourally and neurobiologically distinct and that the differences have important implications for addiction treatment, addiction theories and future research."( Badiani, A; Belin, D; Calu, D; Epstein, D; Shaham, Y, 2011)
"From 2006-2010, 228 patients with opiate abuse/dependence were treated with buprenorphine/naloxone using a home-induction protocol."( Becker, W; Doolittle, B, 2011)
"In the study, 791 opioid abusers completed a one-time structured interview, including complete histories of illicit and prescription drug abuse and route of drug administration."( Cicero, TJ; Kurtz, SP; Surratt, H, 2011)
"Outpatient non-dependent opioid abusers (N=27) were randomly assigned to a single double-blind IM administration of 75, 150, or 300 mg XR-NTX."( Bigelow, GE; Dong, Q; Gastfriend, DR; Preston, KL; Schmittner, J, 2012)
"Suspected opioid addiction is managed with structured opioid therapy, methadone or buprenorphine treatment, or abstinence-based treatment."( Kahan, M; Mailis-Gagnon, A; Srivastava, A; Wilson, L, 2011)
"However, the percentage of new opioid dependence treatment episodes involving an opioid agonist is unchanged, suggesting the need for further efforts to increase buprenorphine use among urban populations."( Dick, AW; Farmer, C; Gordon, AJ; Schuster, J; Sorbero, M; Stein, BD, 2012)
"Although use of buprenorphine in the treatment of opioid dependence is expected to continue to increase, little is known about the optimal setting for providing the medical and psychosocial care required with buprenorphine pharmacotherapy."( Charuvastra, C; Cunningham-Rathner, J; Donovick, R; Esagoff, AE; Hillhouse, M; Ling, W; Miotto, K; Torrington, M, 2012)
"Constant refinement of opioid dependence (OD) therapies is a condition to promote treatment access and delivery."( Bhatia, KS; Lee, T; Mannelli, P; Peindl, KS; Wu, LT, 2012)
"Buprenorphine/naloxone is used for the treatment of opioid dependence."( Pletsch, G; Rodgman, C, 2012)
"The public health problem of opioid dependence and its treatment during pregnancy is reviewed first."( Chisolm, MS; Jansson, LM; Jones, HE; Terplan, M, 2013)
"Moreover, for a full remission of opioid addiction to be sustainable, both post-partum and across the lifespan, treatment providers must not rely solely on medication to treat their patients but should also utilize women-specific comprehensive treatment models that address the underlying multifaceted complexities of their patient's lives."( Finnegan, LP; Jones, HE; Kaltenbach, K, 2012)
"The cohort of women treated for opioid dependence during pregnancy with medication-assisted therapy and delivered at a single institution between 2000 and 2006 were retrospectively identified (n = 149 women; n = 151 neonates)."( Benvenuto, A; Howard, D; Johnston, A; Mandell, T; Metayer, J; Meyer, M; Plante, D, 2012)
"Buprenorphine's stabilization of opioid dependence and HIV disease may permit the use of HCV therapy over time."( Flanigan, TP; Friedmann, PD; Macleod, CJ; Maynard, MA; Rich, JD; Sylvestre, DL; Taylor, LE, 2012)
"Buprenorphine as maintenance treatment of opioid dependence during pregnancy has promise and may offer some benefits, but more research is needed, especially regarding induction of actively addicted women during pregnancy."( Martin, PR; Young, JL, 2012)
"Most opioid abusers tamper with tablets to facilitate oral, intranasal, or intravenous administration, whereas compliant patients usually take intact tablets."( Barkin, RL; Bruckenthal, P; Stanos, SP, 2012)
"To assess the incidence or prevalence of opioid dependence syndrome in adults (with and without previous history of substance abuse) following treatment with opioid analgesics for pain relief."( Amato, L; Davoli, M; Minozzi, S, 2013)
"The implementation of MAT for opioid use disorders by specialty addiction treatment programs may be facilitated by Medicaid but may be impeded by reliance on funding from the criminal justice system."( Knudsen, HK; Roman, PM, 2012)
"Treatment for opiate addiction requires long-term management."( Bart, G, 2012)
"In this review we discuss opioid abuse and misuse issues that often arise in the treatment of patients with chronic pain, and present an overview of assessment and treatment strategies that can be effective in improving outcomes associated with the use of prescription opioids for pain."( Edwards, RR; Jamison, RN, 2013)
"Untreated opioid dependence adversely affects HIV outcomes."( Barry, DT; Fiellin, DA; Fiellin, LE; Moore, BA; O'Connor, PG; Schottenfeld, R; Tetrault, JM, 2012)
"Using buprenorphine as a medication to treat opioid dependence is becoming more prevalent as illicit opiate use increases."( Canamar, CP; Hillhouse, M; Ling, W, 2013)
"Individuals with pain seeking BNT for opioid dependence report a wide range of conventional, complementary, and alternative pain-related treatments and are interested (especially those with CP) in receiving pain management services along with BNT."( Barry, DT; Beitel, M; Cutter, CJ; Fiellin, DA; Moore, BA; Savant, JD; Schottenfeld, RS, 2012)
"Medically assisted treatment for opiate addiction with Suboxone is conducted in outpatient setting with the involvement of close relatives who are not addicted."( Delić, A; Hasanović, M; Kuldija, A; Pajević, I, 2012)
"In response to disturbing rises in prescription opioid abuse, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has proposed the implementation of aggressive Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS)."( Craig, D; Giarratano, A; Mercadante, S, 2012)
"The field of opioid dependence treatment is poised to undergo a process of reinforcement and transformation."( Bascaran, MT; Bobes, J; Bobes-Bascaran, MT; Garcia-Portilla, MP; Saiz, PA, 2014)
"Lessons learned in research and treatment of opioid dependence demonstrate the need to include pregnant women in clinical trials."( Baewert, A; Fischer, G; Graf-Rohrmeister, K; Jagsch, R; Langer, M; Thau, K; Unger, A; Winklbaur-Hausknost, B, 2013)
"Buprenorphine is an effective treatment for opioid dependence that can be provided in a primary care setting."( Jacapraro, JS; Rastegar, DA; Rowe, TA, 2012)
"Offering treatment for opioid dependence with buprenorphine in a primary care practice is associated with the identification and treatment of other chronic medical conditions."( Jacapraro, JS; Rastegar, DA; Rowe, TA, 2012)
"Methadone, used both to treat opioid addiction and to manage chronic pain, is commonly prescribed as an opioid of choice for patients with chronic pain and comorbid substance use disorders."( Friedman, CK; Reisfield, GM, 2012)
"Buprenorphine is well known in the treatment of opioid dependence."( Apelt, SM; Backmund, M; Gölz, J; Scherbaum, N; Soyka, M, 2013)
"Having an earlier onset of prescription opioid use disorder and a history of bipolar disorder, major depression disorder, specific phobia and cluster B personality disorders predicted shorter delays to treatment."( Blanco, C; Iza, M; Olfson, M; Rafful, C; Schwartz, RP; Wang, S, 2013)
"Despite no pre-treatment differences in opioid dependence severity, women reported significantly greater functional impairment, greater psychiatric severity, and higher likelihood of using opioids to cope with negative affect and pain than men."( Carroll, KM; Connery, HS; Devito, EE; Dodd, D; Greenfield, SF; McHugh, RK; Potter, JS; Weiss, RD, 2013)
"Prescription opioid dependence is a growing problem, but little research exists on its treatment, including patient characteristics that predict treatment outcome."( Dreifuss, JA; Fiellin, DA; Fitzmaurice, GM; Frost, K; Griffin, ML; Hatch-Maillette, M; Potter, JS; Selzer, J; Sonne, SC; Weiss, RD, 2013)
"While methadone effectively treats opiate dependence, the side effect of erectile dysfunction (ED) may interfere with treatment adherence and benefits."( Abdul Aziz, S; Baharudin, A; Das, S; Ibrahim, N; Midin, M; Mislan, N; Nik Jaafar, NR; Sidi, H, 2013)
"Patients with opioid addiction who receive prescription opioids for treatment of nonmalignant chronic pain present a therapeutic challenge."( Azadfard, M; Blondell, RD; Giambrone, AK; Homish, GG; Jaanimägi, U; Kowalik, U; Lozano, JR; Neumann, AM, 2013)
"In this study, 152 individuals seeking treatment for opioid dependence were randomized to a 2-week detoxification with buprenorphine-naloxone (DETOX) or 12weeks of buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP), each with weekly individual and group drug counseling."( Bogenschutz, MP; Nakazawa, M; Wilcox, CE; Woody, G, 2013)
"With increasing rates of opioid abuse and dependence, and the availability of medication-assisted treatment, one strategy to improve resident skills is to incorporate buprenorphine treatment into training settings."( Cunningham, CO; Giovanniello, A; Kunins, HV; Sohler, NL; Thompson, D, 2013)
"Younger age, longer duration of the opioid abuse, and higher subjective opiate intoxication severity before treatment entry were all significantly associated with negative treatment outcome."( Dezfouli, A; Ekhtiari, H; Ghodousi, A; Mokri, A; Zamanian, B, 2013)
"Two commonly prescribed treatments for opioid addiction are methadone and buprenorphine."( Ambrose-Lanci, LM; Ang, A; Berrettini, WH; Bruce, RD; Clarke, TK; Crist, RC; Hillhouse, MP; Ling, W; Lohoff, FW; Saxon, AJ; Woody, G, 2014)
"Naltrexone implants are used to treat opioid dependence, but their safety and efficacy remain poorly understood."( Degenhardt, L; Farrell, M; Gowing, L; Hall, W; Larney, S; Mattick, RP, 2014)
"This review discusses the problem of prescription opioid abuse and strategies to minimize risk within the context of acute pain treatment, and explores the potential role of tamper-resistant opioid formulations and other abuse deterrence strategies in the area of acute or persistent acute pain management."( Passik, SD, 2014)
"In order to stem the tide of prescription opioid abuse and preserve the availability of opioids as a much needed analgesic option, a multifaceted approach that includes tamper-resistant opioid formulations-for chronic or acute pain-along with strategies such as improved patient risk assessment, funding for and referral to addiction treatment programs, greater use of PMPs, and raised awareness of prescription opioid abuse is needed."( Passik, SD, 2014)
"In the United States, opioid abuse and dependence continue to be a growing problem, whereas treatment for opioid abuse and dependence remains fairly static."( Cunningham, CO; Fox, AD; Lopez, CM; Shah, PA; Sohler, NL; Starrels, JL, 2014)
"The MORE group, who reported decreased opioid misuse and opioid craving during treatment, evidenced less subjective opioid cue-reactivity, greater HR decelerations, and greater increases in HRV to all cues after treatment compared to the SG; HR and HRV effects were most pronounced for natural reward cues."( Froeliger, B; Garland, EL; Howard, MO, 2014)
"CRAFT-T is a promising treatment for opioid use disorder but replication is needed to confirm these results."( Brigham, GS; Guo, X; Lewis, DF; Slesnick, N; Somoza, E; Winhusen, TM, 2014)
"Naltrexone is effective in treating opioid dependence by blocking µ, κ and δ opiate receptors."( Atayee, RS; Best, BM; Liu, JC; Ma, JD; Morello, CM, 2014)
"Methadone is used for the treatment of opioid addiction and for treatment of chronic pain."( Chou, R; Compton, P; Cruciani, RA; Farrar, JT; Fiellin, DA; Haigney, MC; Inturrisi, C; Knight, JR; Marcus, SM; Mehta, D; Meyer, MC; Otis-Green, S; Portenoy, R; Savage, S; Strain, E; Walsh, S; Zeltzer, L, 2014)
"In patients prescribed methadone for treatment of opioid dependence, data suggest that mortality benefits related to reduction in illicit drug use outweigh harms."( Chou, R; Dana, T; Weimer, MB, 2014)
"Rates of opioid abuse were higher among patients who switched to other ER/LA opioids or discontinued ER/LA opioid treatment, suggesting that abusers may seek more easily abuseable alternatives such as prescription opioids without abuse-deterrent technology."( Ben-Joseph, R; Birnbaum, HG; Kirson, NY; Michna, E; Shei, A, 2014)
"Some opioid abusers use intravenous administration to increase the magnitude of positive reinforcing effects."( Bartlett, C; Colucci, SV; Harris, SC; Perrino, PJ; Shram, M; Wang, Y, 2014)
"Relevant search terms included opioid, opioid abuse, chronic pain management, written care agreements, urine drug testing, and multimodal therapy."( Provenzano, DA; Viscusi, ER, 2014)
"Treatment of opioid dependence by office-based buprenorphine and methadone maintenance programs has expanded opportunities for therapy."( Kaye, AD; Mitra, S; Urman, RD; Vadivelu, N, 2014)
"In the multi-site Prescription Opioid Addiction Treatment Study (POATS), conducted within the National Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network, participants randomly assigned to receive individual drug counseling in addition to buprenorphine-naloxone and medical management did not have superior opioid use outcomes."( Carroll, KM; Connery, HS; Dodd, DR; Dreifuss, JA; Griffin, ML; Potter, JS; Weiss, RD, 2014)
"Amid the global transition to treat opioid addiction as an illness, many people who inject drugs (PWID) face heterogeneous legal environments that include both punitive and harm reduction measures."( Binh, NT; Celentano, DD; Dat, do T; Go, VF; Huong, NM; Quan, VM; Tomori, C; Tuan, le N; Zelaya, CE, 2014)
"Use of methadone for the treatment of opioid addiction is an effective harm-reduction approach, although variability in treatment outcomes among individuals has been reported."( Anglin, R; Bawor, M; Dennis, BB; Samaan, Z; Steiner, M; Thabane, L, 2014)
"In men seeking treatment for opioid dependence sexual dysfunction was recorded in 48% by ASEX, and in at least one of the domains in 92% by IIEF and in 90% by CSFQ; in comparison with the healthy controls, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with opioid dependence was significantly higher by each measure."( Grover, S; Mattoo, SK; Venkatesh, K, 2014)
"Opioid substitution treatment (OST) for opioid dependence may be limited by adverse events (AEs)."( Babic-Hohnjec, L; Berthel, T; Bonorden-Kleij, K; Gholami, N; Haasen, C; Hämmig, R; Höpner, D; Köhler, W; Lebentrau, K; Reimer, J; Ruckes, C; Verthein, U; Vollmert, C; Weber, B, 2014)
"Prior treatment for opioid dependence significantly moderated the additional improvement of CRA+ for longest continuous days of abstinence."( Bickel, WK; Chopra, MP; Christensen, DR; Jackson, L; Landes, RD; Mancino, MJ; Marsch, LA, 2014)
"The major problem in the treatment of opioid dependence still remains the occurrence of relapse, to which stressful life events, renewed use of heroin, and exposure to drug-associated environmental cues are all positively correlated."( Antinori, S; Fadda, P; Fattore, L; Fratta, W, 2015)
"Prescription opioid dependence is increasing and creates a significant public health burden, but primary care physicians lack evidence-based guidelines to decide between tapering doses followed by discontinuation of buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride therapy (hereinafter referred to as buprenorphine therapy) or ongoing maintenance therapy."( Barry, DT; Cutter, CJ; Fiellin, DA; Moore, BA; O'Connor, PG; Schottenfeld, RS, 2014)
"Medication assisted treatment for opioid dependence alters the pain experience."( Gonzalez, G; Wachholtz, A, 2014)
"Implications for treating co-morbid opioid addiction and pain (acute and chronic) are discussed."( Gonzalez, G; Wachholtz, A, 2014)
"Treating opioid dependence, however, should ideally improve other aspects of overall health, including preventive services."( Altice, FL; Haddad, MS; Zelenev, A, 2015)
"Individuals being treated for opioid dependence had a more than fourfold increase of mortality risk compared with the general population [SMR = 4."( Evans, E; Hser, YI; Huang, D; Li, L; Liu, L; Min, J; Nosyk, B; Urada, D, 2015)
"In people with opiate dependence, detoxification and methadone maintenance treatment both independently reduce the instantaneous hazard of all-cause and drug-related mortality."( Evans, E; Hser, YI; Huang, D; Li, L; Liu, L; Min, J; Nosyk, B; Urada, D, 2015)
"While opioid dependence is a complex health condition, the treatment of HIV-infected individuals with opioid dependence presents additional challenges."( Abood, ME; Benamar, K; Palma, J, 2015)
"The use of buprenorphine products to treat opioid dependence has increased significantly in the past 10 years and has shifted to greater use by primary care physicians, indicating a rapidly changing face of opioid maintenance therapy in the United States."( Alexander, GC; Kruszewski, SP; Turner, L, 2015)
"Therapeutic approaches for the treatment of opioid dependence are total abstinence and opioid agonist maintenance treatment (OAMT)."( Carmel, Z; Goren, L; Marchevsky, S, 2014)
"In the treatment of opioid dependence, total direct medical costs for Medicaid would be lower for sublingual film treated patients, at current drug prices."( Aballéa, S; Asche, CV; Clay, E; Kharitonova, E; Ruby, J; Zah, V, 2015)
"Ninety-four patients with opioid dependence under maintenance methadone treatment were consecutively recruited."( Chericoni, S; Daini, L; Giarratana, T; Meini, M; Moncini, M; Rucci, P; Scaramelli, D; Stefanelli, F, 2015)
"Methadone has been used to treat opiate dependence since the mid-1960s."( Kydd, R; Russell, BR; Wang, GY, 2015)
"Patients with opioid use disorders frequently discontinue opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) prematurely, reducing retention and possibly limiting the efficacy of OMT."( Aronson, G; Back, SE; Barth, KS; Bentzley, BS; Book, SW, 2015)
"Methadone is an effective treatment for opioid dependence."( Clarke, J; Larney, S; McKenzie, M; Noska, A; Reddy, M; Rich, JD; Tran, L; Wong, JB; Zaller, N, 2015)
"Patients with opioid use disorders on opioid agonist therapy (OAT) have lower pain tolerance compared to controls."( Alford, DP; Cheng, DM; Edwards, RR; Liebschutz, JM; Lira, MC; Mao, J; Samet, JH; Tsui, JI; Winter, MR, 2015)
"Methadone maintenance has dominated opiate addiction treatment in the United States for decades."( Harris, S, 2015)
"Since opioid misuse continues to be prevalent despite attempts at reformulations to make the drugs crush resistant, a high degree of clinical suspicion is needed to evaluate and treat patients who present with unique findings after episodes of substance abuse, especially those related to tamper-resistant formulations."( MacDonald, LE; Mullins-Hodgin, R; Onsrud, JE, 2015)
"Due to the high prevalence of prescription opioid misuse, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mandated a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) requiring manufacturers of extended-release/long-acting (ER/LA) opioid analgesics to fund continuing education based on a FDA Blueprint."( Alford, DP; Hardesty, I; Hayes, SM; Ng, P; Peloquin, S; White, JL; Zisblatt, L, 2016)
"Induction is a crucial period of opioid addiction treatment."( Ang, A; Blaine, JD; Hillhouse, MP; Jacobs, P; Mai, BE; Mooney, LJ; Nielsen, S; S Potter, J; Saxon, AJ; Wakim, PG, 2015)
"The heritability of opioid use disorder has been widely investigated; however, the influence of specific genes on methadone treatment outcomes is not well understood."( Anglin, R; Bawor, M; Daiter, J; Dennis, BB; Desai, D; Marsh, DC; Pare, G; Plater, C; Samaan, Z; Steiner, M; Tan, C; Thabane, L; Varenbut, M; Worster, A, 2015)
"Adults treated for opioid dependence during April 2005 to March 2009: 151,983 individuals; 69% male; median age 32."( Bird, SM; Dunn, G; Hickman, M; Jones, A; Marsden, J; Millar, T; Pierce, M, 2016)
"The syndemic of opioid addiction, HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, imprisonment, and overdose in Russia has been worsened by the illegality of opioid substitution therapy."( Barbour, R; Heimer, R; Levina, OS; Lyubimova, A, 2016)
"Buprenorphine was approved for the treatment of opioid dependence in 2002 after the passage of Drug Abuse Treatment Act 2000 (DATA 2000) which allowed clinicians to treat opioid-dependent patients with specifically named opioid agonist therapies in an office setting."( Wiegand, TJ, 2016)
"Among patients with opioid use disorder in Iran, sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone was associated with a greater number of opioid-negative urine tests and treatment retention than oral naltrexone, but not significantly greater initial abstinence duration or proportions with sustained abstinence."( Chawarski, MC; Mokri, A; Schottenfeld, RS; Taherinakhost, H, 2016)
"A major goal for the treatment of opioid use disorder is to reduce or eliminate the use of illicit opioids."( Fudala, PJ; Greenwald, MK; Heidbreder, C; Jones, JP; Liu, Y; Nasser, AF; Twumasi-Ankrah, P; Vince, B, 2016)
"Adults with opioid dependence (n=283) were recruited from two integrated health systems to participate in interviews focused on prior experiences with treatment for opioid dependence, knowledge of medication options, preferences for treatment, and experiences with treatment for chronic pain in the context of problems with opioids."( Green, CA; McCarty, D; Mertens, J; Stumbo, SP; Weisner, C; Yarborough, BJ, 2016)
"Growing rates of opioid abuse and overdose throughout the nation have lead some community organizations to develop naloxone administration programs."( Kitch, BB; Portela, RC, 2016)
"Buprenorphine, used to treat opioid use disorder and chronic pain, is a partial nociceptin opioid receptor agonist."( Batki, SL; Bertenthal, D; Madden, E; Maguen, S; Neylan, TC; Seal, KH; Stein, MB; Striebel, J, 2016)
"The strategies to prevent opioid abuse and to maintain opioid therapy when medically necessary fall into primary and secondary prevention categories."( Kaye, AD; Kaye, AM; Manchikanti, L, 2016)
"Individuals with opioid use disorders, including those on medication-assisted therapy such as methadone or buprenorphine, are a key demographic group that can benefit from HCV treatment given their high HCV prevalence; however, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions could blunt their utility."( Bruce, RD; Friedland, G; Ogbuagu, O, 2016)
"Opioid agonist therapies (OAT) to treat opioid addiction in people who inject drugs (PWID) began in Ukraine in 2004."( Altice, FL; Bojko, MJ; Dvoriak, S; Filippovych, S; Islam, Z; Makarenko, I; Marcus, R; Mazhnaya, A, 2016)
"Methadone maintenance is an effective treatment for opioid dependence but is rarely initiated in US jails."( Dunlap, L; Jaffe, JH; Kelly, SM; Mitchell, SG; O'Grady, KE; Schwartz, RP; Sharma, A; Zarkin, GA, 2016)
"Treatment of opioid dependence with buprenorphine improves outcomes."( Alho, H; D'Agnone, O; Krajci, P; Littlewood, R; Maremmani, I; Reimer, J; Rolland, B; Roncero, C; Simon, N; Somaini, L; Wright, N, 2016)
"The effectiveness of buprenorphine treatment of opioid dependence is limited by suboptimal medication adherence, abuse, and diversion."( Beebe, KL; Chen, M; Kim, S; Lofwall, MR; Rosenthal, RN; Vocci, FJ, 2016)
"Legally prescribed opioid dependence was belatedly diagnosed in 60 patients in a University hospital, after prolonged use of drugs to treat chronic pain and with low adherence to pain scale or guidelines."( Agudelo, Y; Alarcon-Franco, L; Garcia-Orjuela, MG; Sanchez-Fernandez, JC; Zuluaga, AF, 2016)
"has paralleled increases in opioid addictions and overdoses, requiring new preventative, diagnostic, and treatment strategies."( Bell, RL; Chambers, RA; Engleman, EA; Greene, MS; Sajid, A; Whiteman, A, 2016)
"These findings demonstrate that opioid addiction in patients with complex addictions and mental illnesses comorbidities can show effective treatment responses as measured by PDMP tracking of decreases in opioid prescriptions to those patients."( Bell, RL; Chambers, RA; Engleman, EA; Greene, MS; Sajid, A; Whiteman, A, 2016)
"Treatment-seeking adults with opioid dependence completed self-report measures including past-month opioid use and the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (Kirby and Marakovic, 1996; Kirby et al."( Bailey, AJ; Borges, AM; Griffin, ML; Karakula, SL; McHugh, RK; Weiss, RD, 2016)
"Therefore, the treatment of opioid dependence in a liver transplant recipient requires special attention in terms of graft function, drug interactions, and patient compliance."( Aldemir, E; Coskunol, H; Kilic, M; Sert, I, 2016)
"Emotion regulation among opioid misusers may represent an important treatment target."( Bryan, CJ; Froeliger, B; Garland, EL; Howard, MO; Nakamura, Y, 2017)
"Among women without opioid use disorder (and therefore not exposed to opioid maintenance therapy), delayed villous maturation was identified in 5."( Caritis, SN; Catov, JM; Lemon, LS; Mokhtari, NB; Parks, WT; Serra, AE; Venkataramanan, R, 2017)
"Buprenorphine is commonly used to treat opioid use disorder; however, non-buprenorphine prescription opioid use among these patients is not well defined."( Alexander, GC; Daubresse, M; Pollack, HA; Saloner, B, 2017)
"Methadone is used to treat opioid dependence (OD), acting as a selective agonist at the μ-opioid receptor encoded by the gene OPRM1."( Cook-Sather, SD; Farrer, LA; Gelernter, J; Hakonarson, H; Jensen, KP; Kranzler, HR; Li, J; Nunez, Y; Smith, AH, 2017)
"Concomitant opioid misuse is an increasing problem in opioid maintenance treatment as it interferes with treatment success."( Adam, R; Al-Iassin, J; Canolli, M; Koller, G; Krause, D; Martin, G; Musselmann, R; Plörer, D; Pogarell, O; Schäfer, F; Walcher, S; Winter, C, 2017)
"To evaluate established opioid addiction treatment programs that use traditional healing in combination with buprenorphine-naloxone maintenance treatment in 6 First Nations communities in the Sioux Lookout region of northwestern Ontario."( Cirone, S; Edwards, C; Folk, D; Gordon, J; Kahan, M; Kanate, D; Kelly, L; Kirlew, M; Main, F; Mamakwa, S; Parsons, P; Rea, S, 2017)
"Over 300,000 patients with an opioid use disorder (OUD) receive methadone maintenance therapy from opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in the United States."( Benoit, E; Dunlap, E; Elliott, L; Matusow, H; Rosenblum, A, 2018)
"The multi-site Prescription Opioid Addiction Treatment Study (POATS), conducted by the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network, was the largest clinical trial yet conducted with patients dependent upon prescription opioids (N=653)."( Rao, V; Weiss, RD, 2017)
"Buprenorphine-naloxone treatment for opioid use disorder has rapidly expanded, yet little is known about treatment outcomes among patients in the general population."( Caleb Alexander, G; Daubresse, M; Saloner, B, 2017)
"Options for treatment of opioid dependence, acute pain management, and perioperative multimodal analgesia are discussed."( Pan, A; Zakowski, M, 2017)
"To examine relapse to opioid use disorder in a randomized, multi-site effectiveness trial of extended-release injection naltrexone (XR-NTX) vs community-based treatment as usual (TAU) without medication, as a function of the type of clinical service where treatment was initiated-short-term inpatient (N=59), long-term inpatient (N=48), or outpatient (N=201)."( Boney, TY; Chen, DT; Fishman, MJ; Friedmann, PD; Gordon, M; Hu, MC; Lee, JD; Nunes, EV; O'Brien, CP; Wilson, D, 2018)
"The majority of Americans with opioid use disorder remain out of treatment."( Cunningham, CO; Fox, AD; Frost, T; Lopez, C; Sohler, NL, 2017)
"Prescription opioid abuse treatment admissions in the 2004-2013 Treatment Episode Data Set were used to calculate counts and percentages of prescription opioid treatment admissions reporting oral, injection, or smoking/inhalation abuse overall, by sex, age, and race/ethnicity."( Christensen, A; Gladden, RM; Jones, CM, 2017)
"Pregnant women with opioid use disorder can be treated with methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone to reduce opioid use and improve retention to treatment."( Griffin, BL; Stone, RH; Todd, TJ; Tran, TH; Vest, KM, 2017)
"Our study of the available oral treatments for opioid dependence has revealed that no current treatment can actually claim to be fully effective."( Benéitez, MC; Gil-Alegre, ME, 2017)
"Patients with opioid use disorder often require multiple treatment attempts before achieving stable recovery."( Cheng, DM; Hui, D; Kim, H; Labelle, C; Quinn, E; Samet, JH; Weinstein, ZM, 2017)
"In France, most cases of opioid use disorder are treated with buprenorphine by general practitioners in private practice."( Auriacombe, M; Dupouy, J; Fatséas, M; Lapeyre-Mestre, M; Micallef, J; Oustric, S; Palmaro, A, 2017)
"The rate of opioid addiction, in particular, has been rising steadily in recent years, which necessitates deeper understanding of risk factors in order to develop effective prevention and treatment methods."( Allen, MT; Frydecka, D; Garami, J; Haber, P; Misiak, B; Moustafa, AA; Myers, CE, 2017)
"Despite increasing rates of opioid misuse and hospitalizations, rates of treatment for those with opioid use disorder (OUD) are very low."( McKenna, RM, 2017)
"There has been a rise in opioid abuse and related injection drug use in the United States, and treatment for opioid use disorders may be underutilized."( Burt, R; Glick, SN; Thiede, H; Tsui, JI, 2018)
"Current treatments of opioid addiction include primarily maintenance medications such as methadone."( Bellivier, F; Bloch, V; Jourdaine, C; Lépine, JP; Marie-Claire, C; Vorspan, F, 2017)
"The current understanding is that opioid misuse is a disease that requires treatment, and is not an issue of choice or character."( Carr, NJ; Clarke, H; Demsey, D; Vipler, S, 2017)
"We identified variables used to predict opioid abuse from electronic health records and administrative data."( Alzeer, AH; Bair, MJ; Jones, J, 2018)
"Risk factors for opioid misuse or addiction include past or current substance abuse, untreated psychiatric disorders, younger age, and social or family environments that encourage misuse."( Webster, LR, 2017)
"To explore potential changes in opioid misuse trends among substance-using treatment seekers, in temporal relation to legislative response."( Hoffman, LA; Lewis, B; Nixon, SJ, 2017)
"Management of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) commonly includes opioid agonist therapy (OAT) as a part of an integrated treatment plan."( Alam, F; Alho, H; Auriacombe, M; Benyamina, A; Bobes, J; D'Agnone, O; Daulouede, JP; Dematteis, M; Leonardi, C; Littlewood, R; Maremmani, I; Somaini, L; Soyka, M; Szerman, N; Torrens, M; Walcher, S, 2017)
"The Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) is a commonly used self-report instrument to identify and monitor aberrant opioid-related behavior in chronic pain patients on opioid therapy."( Black, RA; Butler, SF; Jamison, RN; McCaffrey, SA; Villapiano, AJ, 2019)
"Given the historically low rates of opioid use disorder medication adoption in treatment programs, single-state agency targeted funding is a potentially important tool to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with opioid disorders and misuse."( Abraham, AJ; Andrews, CM; D'Aunno, T; Friedmann, PD; Grogan, CM; Humphreys, K; Pollack, HA, 2018)
"Inmates with untreated opioid addiction often relapse shortly after release into the community, thereby increasing the risk of overdose, serious illnesses (HIV, hepatitis C) and psychosocial problems (e."( Chaplin, MM; Farahmand, P; Modesto-Lowe, V, 2017)
"Adults with a diagnosis of opioid dependence who initiated treatment with XR-NTX, BUP, MET, or NPT between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2014 were identified in the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial administrative claims database."( Atreja, N; Duncan, M; Gore, M; Shah, A; Tai, KS, 2018)
"Approaches to the treatment of opioid use disorder are also subject to sex and gender differences-an area in need of further investigation."( Beauchamp, GA; Cannon, RD; Koons, AL; Rayl Greenberg, M, 2018)
"Methadone maintenance programs (MMP) for opioid dependence treatment have been widely used due to their effective therapeutic outcomes."( Esojo, A; Grau-López, L; Martínez-Luna, NG; Palma-Álvarez, RF; Perea, M; Robles-Martínez, M; Rodríguez-Cintas, L; Roncero, C, 2018)
"The federal response to the opioid use disorder crisis has included a mobilization of resources to encourage office-based pharmacotherapy with buprenorphine, an effort culminating in the 2016 Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act, signed into law as Public Law 114-198."( Goodman, D; Johnson, MC; Murphy, J; Terplan, M, 2018)
"Treatment for opioid use disorder involving opioid-based pharmacotherapies is considered most effective when accompanied by psychosocial interventions."( Agus, D; Fingerhood, MI; Krawczyk, N; Negron, T; Nieto, M, 2018)
"Individuals with opioid use disorder entering treatment between July 2006 and June 2015."( Ball, SA; Barry, DT; Eggert, KF; Farnum, SO; Freeman, RM; Madden, LM; Quanbeck, AR; Savage, ME; Schottenfeld, RS; Shi, JM, 2018)
"Unfortunately, treatment of opioid dependence is difficult, particularly because of codependence - for example, on alcohol or other drugs of abuse."( Bujalska-Zadrożny, M; de Cordé, A; Filip, M; Kleczkowska, P; Krząścik, P; Wolińska, R, 2018)
"Patients with opioid dependence who were prescribed XR-NTX treatment and then enrolled into the registry."( Akerman, SC; Liu, CC; Saxon, AJ; Silverman, BL; Sullivan, MA; Vocci, FJ, 2018)
"Medication treatment for opioid use disorder is effective, and recommended for adolescents, though very few adolescents with opioid use disorder ever receive medications."( Bromberg, J; Levy, S; Mendes, SJ; Mountain-Ray, S; Reynolds, J, 2018)
"Participants were recruited from an opioid dependence treatment center in an urban setting in the Southeastern United States."( Hicks, J; Morse, E; Wyant, DK, 2018)
"Women in treatment for opioid dependence both desire and attempt to establish breastfeeding, but encounter significant challenges, including long NICU stays and lack of support and education, that compromise their success."( Hicks, J; Morse, E; Wyant, DK, 2018)
"Efficacious medications to treat opioid use disorders (OUDs) have been slow to diffuse into practice, and insurance coverage limits may be one important barrier."( Barry, CL; Busch, AB; Huskamp, HA; Riedel, LE, 2018)
"Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder improves HIV outcomes and other outcomes."( Cunningham, CO, 2018)
"Treating patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and traumatic brain injury illustrates 6 neurobiological principles about the actions of 2 contrasting opioid analgesics, morphine and fentanyl, as well as pharmacotherapies for OUD, methadone, naltrexone, and buprenorphine."( Graham, DP; Kosten, TR; Nielsen, DA, 2018)
"have an opioid use disorder, less than 40% of whom receive evidence-based treatment."( Bohnert, ASB; Haffajee, RL; Lagisetty, PA, 2018)
"Treatment of opioid use disorder often begins with brief intensive inpatient or outpatient programs."( Abrantes, AM; Blevins, CE; Gordon, AL; Kurth, ME; Stein, MD, 2018)
"Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder may be improved by sustained-release formulations."( Bailey, GL; Chen, M; Frost, M; Kampman, KM; Kim, S; Linden, M; Lofwall, MR; Nunes, EV; Oosman, S; Peterson, S; Sheldon, B; Sigmon, SC; Tiberg, F; Walsh, SL, 2018)
"Tertiary prevention includes treating opioid use disorders and providing naloxone to prevent overdose death."( Binswanger, IA; Peglow, SL, 2018)
"Treatment for opioid dependence in Ireland is provided predominantly by general practitioners (GP) who have undergone additional training in opioid agonist treatment (OAT) and substance misuse."( Crowley, D; Delargy, I; McBride, A; Van Hout, MC, 2018)
"Prescription opioid abuse and misuse often begins through oral administration and progresses into non-oral routes (e."( Nalamachu, SR; Shah, B, 2022)
"With the current prevalence of opioid abuse and misuse, it appears currently that mitragynine is deserving of more extensive exploration for its development or that of an analog as a medical treatment for opioid abuse."( Katz, JL; Kopajtic, TA; Yue, K, 2018)
"Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) show memory deficiencies and impaired treatment outcomes."( Chang, YH; Chen, KC; Chen, PS; Chen, SH; Chen, SL; Chu, CH; Hong, JS; Huang, SY; Lee, IH; Lee, SY; Lu, RB; Tzeng, NS; Wang, TY; Yang, YK, 2018)
"The primary treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is medication assisted treatment (MAT)."( Brede, E; MacLean, RR; Robinson, C; Sofuoglu, M; Waters, AJ, 2018)
"She is in treatment for opioid use disorder on extended-release naltrexone injection, with a history of opioid overdose, relapse, and poor treatment adherence on methadone and buprenorphine."( Jones, CW; Terplan, M, 2018)
": Medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), which incorporates methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone, has been shown to reduce all-cause mortality rates in patients with this disease-and the numbers of patients receiving such treatment is substantial."( Broglio, K; Matzo, M, 2018)
"The treatment of pregnant women with opioid use disorder is challenging due to the myriad of physical, mental, and social complications."( Catlin, D; Coker, JL; Knight, B; Ray-Griffith, S; Stowe, ZN, 2018)
"Factors associated with prescription opioid misuse in a chronic pain treatment population are limited, and increasing our understanding of associated factors could lead to improved targeting of prevention and intervention efforts."( Carty, JN; Grekin, ER; Loree, AM; Lumley, MA; M Z Smith, K; Oberleitner, LMS; Valentino, D, 2019)
"Patients with opioid dependence who received oral tramadol treatment for a period of more than 6 months were recruited."( Kumar, S; Lal, R; Sarkar, S; Singh Balhara, YP; Varshney, M, 2019)
"Effective treatment of opioid addiction remains a big challenge today."( Fan, P; Ge, S; Wang, L; Wu, W; Wu, X; Xie, S; Xie, XQ, 2018)
"Pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction with methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone has proven efficacy in reducing illicit opioid use."( Gordon, MS; Gryczynski, J; Jaffe, JH; Kelly, SM; Mitchell, MM; Mitchell, SG; O'Grady, KE; Schwartz, RP, 2018)
"There is a substantive problem of opioid dependence in this difficult-to-reach population of Punjab, with low treatment access."( Avasthi, A; Basu, D; Gargi, PD; Ghosh, A; Goyal, BL; Gupta, PK; Sharma, A; Sidhu, BS; Subodh, BN, 2019)
"Among people with opioid use disorder, people with disabilities were less likely to receive treatment for prescription opioid use (Risk Ratio = 0."( Brucker, DL; Henly, M; Lauer, EA, 2019)
"Effective and widely available opioid addiction treatment resources are needed to ensure successful resolution of the "opioid epidemic"."( James, DL; Jowza, M, 2019)
"We compared opioid pain relievers and opioid addiction therapies to 5 other commonly prescribed drug types important to the Medicaid expansion population (antidepressants, antihypertensives, diabetes medications, cholesterol treatments, and contraceptives) and to overall prescription volume."( Cher, BAY; Meara, E; Morden, NE, 2019)
"Growth in prescriptions used to treat opioid use disorder greatly outpaced other drugs, suggesting important gains in access to addiction treatments; growth was higher in states with higher pre-2014 overdose death rates."( Cher, BAY; Meara, E; Morden, NE, 2019)
"Expanding treatment for opioid addiction has been recognized as an essential component of a comprehensive national response to the opioid epidemic."( Hockenberry, JM; Pollack, HA; Wen, H, 2018)
"Expanding access to treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) is central to addressing the US overdose mortality crisis."( Csete, J, 2019)
"Providing medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) with methadone, buprenorphine, and extended-release naltrexone is essential to achieving optimal HIV treatment outcomes including viral suppression and retention in treatment."( Fanucchi, L; Korthuis, PT; Springer, SA, 2019)
"Medications to treat opioid use disorder, including methadone and buprenorphine, are highly effective in reducing the morbidity and mortality related to illicit opioid use."( Bach, P; Calcaterra, SL; Chadi, A; Chadi, N; Kimmel, SD; Morford, KL; Roy, P; Samet, JH, 2019)
"Women with opioid use disorder who become pregnant are a particularly vulnerable population and require a comprehensive treatment approach for mother and fetus."( Carter, LC; Nicholas, JS; Read, L; Read, MA; Schmidt, E, 2019)
"Despite increasing prevalence of opioid use disorder among females, little is known about sex considerations in relation to treatment with buprenorphine."( Cleverley, K; Ling, S; Mangaoil, R; Puts, M; Sproule, B, 2019)
"In a US sample of people treated for opioid use disorder, continued treatment with either buprenorphine or methadone was associated with a reduction in arrests relative to no treatment."( Evans, EA; Hser, YI; Huang, D; Yoo, C; Zhu, Y, 2019)
"The multisite Prescription Opioid Addiction Treatment Study examined different durations of buprenorphine-naloxone treatment and different intensities of counseling to treat prescription opioid dependence, as assessed by DSM-IV; following the clinical trial, a longitudinal study was conducted from March 2009-January 2013."( Carroll, KM; Fitzmaurice, GM; Griffin, ML; Hilton, BT; Marcovitz, DE; McHugh, RK; Weiss, RD, 2019)
"Unfortunately, women with opioid use disorders often face numerous barriers when trying to access prenatal care services including limited availability or treatment options, stigma, legal consequences, co-morbid psychiatric disorders, and trauma exposure."( Johnson, E, 2019)
"Screening for opioid use disorder in the ED and initiating buprenorphine/naloxone treatment with rapid referral to an outpatient community-based addictions clinic led to a 6-month treatment retention rate of 37% and a significant reduction in ED visits at 3 and 6 months."( Hu, T; Nijmeh, L; Pyle, A; Snider-Adler, M, 2019)
"One emerging treatment strategy for opioid use disorder includes immunopharmacotherapies or opioid-targeted vaccines."( Banks, ML; Blake, S; Bremer, PT; Faunce, KE; Hwang, CS; Janda, KD; Natori, Y; Townsend, EA; Zhou, B, 2019)
"Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) frequently present to the emergency department (ED) after overdose, or seeking treatment for general medical conditions, their addiction, withdrawal symptoms, or complications of injection drug use, such as soft tissue infections."( Chawarski, MC; D'Onofrio, G; Edelman, EJ; Fiellin, DA; Hawk, KF; Huntley, K; Martel, SH; Murphy, SM; O'Connor, PG; Oden, N; Owens, PH; Pantalon, MV; VanVeldhuisen, P, 2019)
"Untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) affects the care of HIV/HCV co-infected people who inject opioids."( Barocas, JA; Eftekhari Yazdi, G; Fiellin, DA; Freedberg, KA; Linas, BP; Morgan, JR; Schackman, BR; Stein, MD, 2019)
"Pregnant women with opioid use disorder who are stable in a medication-assisted treatment program with behavioral health can be informed that tapering or full detoxification from opioid drugs does not increase the fetal risk of poor pregnancy outcome."( Hennessy, M; Rackley, B; Terry, P; Towers, CV; Visconti, K, 2020)
"Buprenorphine, used for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment during pregnancy, provides unknown effects on maternal physiological activity."( DiPietro, JA; Jansson, LM; Jones, H; McConnell, K; Milio, L; Spencer, N; Velez, ML, 2019)
"Persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) hospitalized with severe, injection-related infections (SIRI) are frequently hospitalized for the duration of IV antibiotic treatment due to concerns regarding their eligibility for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT), which is the standard of care for prolonged IV antibiotic courses for patients without drug use."( Fanucchi, LC; Lofwall, MR; Thornton, AC; Walsh, SL, 2019)
"Pregnant women undergoing treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) may be exposed to multiple QT prolonging agents."( Bolin, EH; Coker, J; Daily, JA; Escalona-Vargas, D; Eswaran, H; Lowery, CL; Siegel, ER; Stowe, ZN, 2019)
"A mainstay treatment for opioid addiction in North America is methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) - a form of opiate agonist therapy (OAT)."( Barrett, SP; Chinneck, A; Conrod, PJ; Laroque, F; Lawrence, M; Mahu, IT; Morin, JF; Nogueira-Arjona, R; Sako, A; Stewart, SH; Swansburg, J, 2019)
"Most adults with opioid use disorder remain untreated, much less received outpatient treatment to address their addiction."( Rhee, TG; Rosenheck, RA, 2019)
"The mainstay of the management of opioid use disorder in pregnancy is with methadone or buprenorphine medication-assisted treatment."( Katz, E; Towers, CV; Visconti, K; Weitz, B, 2020)
"Individuals with opioid use disorders (OUD) face significant barriers to accessing medication-assisted treatment (MAT), yet access to MAT is critical to reducing opioid-related fatality."( Dennis, ML; Funk, RR; Grella, CE; Kurz, R; Nicholson, L; Scott, CK; Sumpter, J, 2020)
"Fortunately, treatment for opioid use disorders is available."( Betcher, HK; Croarkin, PE; Gandhi, KD; Larrabee, BR; Limbeck, MG; Romanowicz, M; Rummans, TA; Shekunov, J; Vande Voort, JL, 2019)
"Although they are efficacious in treating opioid dependence, buprenorphine and methadone present risks, especially during pregnancy, causing neonatal abstinence syndrome and adverse obstetrical outcomes."( Busardò, FP; Carlier, J; Di Trana, A; Huestis, MA; La Maida, N; Pichini, S; Tittarelli, R, 2020)
"Among people with opioid use disorder, initiation of, and linkage to, office-based buprenorphine treatment post-discharge reduced illicit opioid use and increased days of buprenorphine treatment for up to 6 months post-discharge compared with an in-patient detoxification protocol."( Anderson, B; Bailey, G; Conti, M; Herman, D; Stein, M, 2020)
"Fewer than 20% of Americans with opioid use disorder receive empirically-supported treatment."( Sigmon, SC, 2019)
"Medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder with methadone or buprenorphine may ameliorate some of this risk; however, there is presently limited research in humans, including in non-HIV populations, describing changes in immune activation on these treatments which is of paramount importance for those with HIV infection."( Hileman, CO; McComsey, GA, 2019)
"This article describes opioid use disorder in the United States, treatment gaps, safe treatment with buprenorphine, and PA prescriptive authority."( Fogarty, KJ; Lagerwey, MD; Radi, JK, 2019)
"Many patients with opioid use disorder are treated in primary care, where effective addiction treatment can be provided."( Coffa, D; Snyder, H, 2019)
"Fifteen men with opioid use disorder on methadone maintenance treatment have been enrolled from an addiction treatment center as an experimental group in this case-controlled study."( Hu, WL; Hung, YC; Kuo, CE; Liu, CT; Tsai, MC; Wu, SY; Wu, TC, 2019)
"Patients with opioid use disorder admitted to publicly funded residential treatment programs in the province of Ontario between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016."( Harrington, K; Kahan, M; Leece, P; Meaney, C; Que, B; Shehadeh, V; Spithoff, S; Sullivan, F; Urbanoski, K, 2019)
"Our objective was to determine how opioid use disorder treatment access impacts the relationship between adult opioid use and NAS."( Abbinanti, K; Krist, AH; Pecsok, J; Sabo, RT; Tong, ST; Wolf, ER; Woolf, SH, 2019)
"Measures of opioid use disorder treatment access dampened the correlation between illicit drug use/dependence and NAS."( Abbinanti, K; Krist, AH; Pecsok, J; Sabo, RT; Tong, ST; Wolf, ER; Woolf, SH, 2019)
"Given rising rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) and related consequences, opioid treatment programs (OTPs) can play a pivotal role in the U."( Byrd, DJ; Campbell, TB; Clarke, TJ; Jones, CM; McCance-Katz, EF; Ohuoha, C, 2019)
"Few patients with opioid use disorder receive medication for addiction treatment."( Barnett, ML; Frank, RG; Lee, D, 2019)
"Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD), methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone, is widely used to treat OUD in the community."( Brezel, ER; Fox, AD; Powell, T, 2020)
"Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (M-OUD) is underutilized, despite research demonstrating its effectiveness in treating opioid use disorder (OUD)."( Gertner, AK; Green, SL; Shea, CM, 2021)
"Access to adequate treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) has been a high priority among American policymakers."( Brayne, C; Roman-Urrestarazu, A; Yang, JC, 2019)
"Treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) with buprenorphine is a recommended part of primary care, yet little is known about current U."( Binswanger, IA; Bobb, JF; Boudreau, DM; Bradley, KA; Campbell, CI; Glass, JE; Johnson, EA; Lapham, G; Liu, D; Matthews, AG; McCormack, J; Murphy, MT; Rossom, RC; Samet, JH; Saxon, AJ; Yarborough, BJH, 2020)
"For patients who develop opioid use disorder (a chronic and relapsing problematic use of opioids that causes clinical impairment or distress), treatment combining opiate receptor full or partial agonist medications for opioid-use disorder (MOUD) with psychosocial interventions is essential."( Alho, H; Dematteis, M; Lembo, D; Maremmani, I; Roncero, C; Somaini, L, 2020)
"Simply treating opioid addiction isn't enough."( Archambault, C; Davis, B; Davis, K; Kennedy, A; Oagley, CR; Schneider, J; Wilensky, D, 2019)
"Despite its effectiveness for opiate abuse and chronic pain treatment, methadone has disruptive effects on the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis and sexual function."( Ortman, HA; Siegel, JA, 2020)
"Most people with alcohol or opioid use disorders (AUD or OUD) are not diagnosed or treated for these conditions in primary care."( Baldwin, LM; Donovan, D; Hallgren, KA; Keppel, GA; Mollis, B; Stephens, KA; Stuvek, B; West, I; Witwer, E, 2020)
"Hospitalizations related to opioid use disorder (OUD) are increasing, necessitating an increase in the delivery of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) among hospitalized adults."( Englander, H; McCarty, D; Priest, KC, 2020)
"The increasing prevalence of opioid use disorders among pregnant and postpartum women (PPW) has generated a need for greater availability of specialized programs offering evidence-based and comprehensive substance use disorder treatment services tailored to this population."( Ali, MM; Hinde, JM; Meinhofer, A, 2020)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) significantly reduces the risk of overdose when compared with no treatment."( Champagne-Langabeer, T; Langabeer, JR; Swank, MW, 2020)
"Untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) complicates endocarditis management."( Barocas, JA; McLoone, D; Morgan, JR; Stein, MD; Wang, J; Wurcel, A, 2021)
"Many adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) report that their first exposure to opioids was in the course of routine pain treatment in medical care settings."( Dash, GF; Feldstein Ewing, SW; Hudson, KA; Murphy, C; Wilson, AC, 2020)
"Demand for treatments for severe opioid use disorder is increasing worldwide."( Fluyau, D; Pierre, CG; Revadigar, N, 2020)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and recovery homes that have traditionally served those not taking medications for their recovery are important resources for treating opioid use disorder."( Bobak, TJ; Hickey, P; Jason, LA; Jeong, H; Majer, JM; Norris, J, 2020)
"To examine associations between opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment pathways and overdose and opioid-related acute care use as proxies for OUD recurrence."( Ameli, O; Azocar, F; Chaisson, CE; Crown, WH; Larochelle, MR; McPheeters, JT; Sanghavi, DM; Wakeman, SE, 2020)
"While many individuals with opioid use disorder seek treatment at residential facilities to initiate long-term recovery, the availability and use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs) in these facilities is unclear."( Bergeria, CL; Dunn, KE; Hobelmann, JG; Huhn, AS; Oyler, GA; Strickland, JC; Umbricht, A, 2020)
"Admissions for opioid use disorder at residential treatment facilities in the United States that identified opioids as the patient's primary drug of choice."( Bergeria, CL; Dunn, KE; Hobelmann, JG; Huhn, AS; Oyler, GA; Strickland, JC; Umbricht, A, 2020)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) are the most effective treatment for OUD, but uptake of these life-saving medications has been extremely limited in US prisons and jail settings, and limited data are available to guide policy decisions."( Adams, JW; Brinkley-Rubinstein, L; Clarke, JG; Goedel, WC; Green, TC; Macmadu, A; Marshall, BDL; Martin, RA; Rich, JD, 2020)
"This model, known as the Comprehensive Opioid Addiction Treatment (COAT) program, was developed in West Virginia, the epicenter of the opioid epidemic."( Berry, JH; Hustead, JD; Lander, LR; Mahoney, JJ; Marshalek, P; Winstanley, EL; Zheng, W, 2020)
"Treatment for opioid use disorders has recently evolved to include long-acting injectable and implantable formulations of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD)."( Budney, AJ; Marsch, LA; Metcalf, SA; Moore, SK; Saunders, EC; Scherer, E; Walsh, O, 2020)
"In order to successfully treat opioid use disorder and overdose in emergency rooms, they must have waivered providers and they must be equipped with the necessary resources."( Fuehrlein, B; Jaeger, S, 2020)
"Relapse is common in treatment for opioid use disorders (OUDs)."( Burns, GL; McPherson, S; Tragesser, S; Vest, NA, 2020)
"In France, most patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) have been treated by buprenorphine, prescribed by general practitioners (GP) in private practice since 1996."( Dupouy, J; Lapeyre-Mestre, M; Mansiaux, Y; Maumus-Robert, S; Pariente, A, 2020)
"Although the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) is a key element in the response to the opioid overdose epidemic, currently available pharmacotherapies (e."( Bach, P; Brar, R; Dong, H; Fairbairn, N; Murphy, SM; Socias, ME; Wood, E, 2020)
"How those with opioid use disorder (OUD) navigate this inpatient treatment system after an encounter for detoxification and subsequent risk of opioid-related overdose is not well understood."( Babakhanlou-Chase, H; Barocas, JA; Bharel, M; Durham, NN; Jaeger, JL; Linas, BP; Morgan, JR; Walley, AY; Wang, J, 2020)
"As the burden of opioid use disorder (OUD) increases in the United States, manifold federal and state initiatives have sought to increase access to treatment for OUD, which includes behavioral and pharmaceutical treatment modalities."( Goldman, JE; Marshall, BDL; Rich, JD; Samuels, EA, 2020)
"Patients identified to have opioid use disorder (OUD) and willing to engage in treatment were eligible for ED-initiated buprenorphine and peer recovery coaches assisted in arranging next day follow up with a community treatment program or other local provider for ongoing treatment."( Barth, K; Bogan, C; Brady, K; Funcell, C; Goldsby, S; Haynes, L; Jennings, L; Lane, S; Moreland, A; Oros, M, 2020)
"However, because of limited access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment and socioeconomic factors, many pregnant (and postpartum) women with OUD do not receive treatment."( Berrettini, WH; Crist, RC; Doyle, GA; Reiner, BC; Weller, AE, 2021)
"This article focuses on screening for opioid misuse, selecting appropriate treatment for patients, initiating medication-assisted treatment in the inpatient setting, and providing appropriate peripartum care."( Bouchard, L; Cheng, C; Zhao, L, 2020)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) demonstrate the best evidence for treating OUD."( Altice, FL; Bromberg, DJ; Nyhan, K; Refsland, BM; Stanojlović, M; Viera, A; Whittaker, S, 2020)
"New treatments to combat opiate addiction are sorely needed."( Blair, G; Davis, JM; Ko, A; Levin, ED; Modarres, J; Pace, C; Rezvani, AH; Rose, JE; Wells, C, 2020)
"The rising prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) and related complications in North America coupled with limited numbers of specialists in addiction medicine has led to large gaps in treatment."( Bhatraju, EP; Donroe, JH; Edelman, EJ; Tsui, JI, 2020)
"Hospitalization of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) is increasing, yet little is known about opioid agonist therapy (OAT: methadone and buprenorphine) administration during admission."( Englander, H; Lovejoy, TI; McCarty, D; Priest, KC; Shull, S, 2020)
"Adolescents with opioid use disorder are less likely than adults to receive medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), yet we know little about facilities that provide addiction treatment for adolescents."( Alinsky, RH; Cerda, M; Hadland, SE; Matson, PA; Saloner, B, 2020)
"XR-NTX treatment in smokers with opioid use disorder was associated with a 29% decline in daily cigarette consumption."( Elman, I; Langleben, DD; Shi, Z; Wang, AL, 2020)
"Treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) with buprenorphine decreases opioid use and prevents morbidity and mortality."( Chawarski, MC; Coupet, E; Cowan, E; Curry, L; D'Onofrio, G; Edelman, EJ; Fiellin, DA; Hawk, KF; Lyons, MS; Martel, SH; O'Connor, PG; Owens, PH; Pantalon, M; Richardson, L; Rothman, RE; Whiteside, LK, 2020)
"We hereby report the first case of opioid dependence who developed a rare phenomenon of moderate to severe opioid withdrawal symptoms on administration of sublingual BNX after several days of being stabilized on plain buprenorphine (BUP)."( Bhatia, G; Sarkar, S, 2020)
"A major problem in treating opioid use disorder remains the high rate of relapse."( Eitan, S; Madison, CA; Wellman, PJ, 2020)
"Evidence-based outpatient treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) consists of medications that treat OUD (MOUD) and psychosocial treatments (e."( Busch, AB; Greenfield, SF; Huskamp, HA; Normand, ST; Reif, S, 2020)
"To advocate for the extension of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) treatment and harm minimisation services in South Africa, better estimates of the extent of opioid use is needed."( Dada, S; Harker, N; Laubscher, R; Lucas, WC; Myers, B; Parry, CD, 2020)
"Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) is accessed half as often in rural versus urban areas in the United States."( Cox, KJ; Haozous, EA; Hayes, L; Scorsone, KL, 2020)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), such as methadone and buprenorphine, are effective strategies for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) and reducing overdose risk."( Bruneau, J; Cochran, G; Cox, N; Gordon, AJ, 2020)
"Individuals with opioid use disorder may be at heightened risk of opioid overdose during the COVID-19 period of social isolation, economic distress, and disrupted treatment services delivery."( Bush, HM; Quesinberry, D; Rock, P; Slavova, S; Walsh, SL, 2020)
"Office-based buprenorphine treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) does not typically include in-person directly observed therapy (DOT), potentially leading to non-adherence."( Kim, TW; Klein, JW; Leroux, BG; Radick, AC; Samet, JH; Saxon, AJ; Schramm, ZA; Tsui, JI; Ventura, AS, 2020)
"Although treatment of opioid use disorders (OUD) with medications is expanding, the extent to which practitioners are prescribing medications following best practices has received little attention."( Hinde, JM; Kluckman, M; Mark, TL; Parish, W; Zarkin, GA, 2020)
"Most people with opioid use disorder (OUD) are not treated with FDA-approved medications methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone."( Bachhuber, MA; Barry, CL; Kennedy-Hendricks, A; McGinty, EE; Stone, E, 2020)
"The risk of opioid use disorder among patients with sickle cell disease who are treated with chronic opioids remains unclear, but the complications associated with opioid use and overdose can be accentuated in those with sickle cell disease."( Beauchamp, G; Cannon, RD; Cook, MD; Haggerty, AG; Katz, KD; Koons, A, 2020)
"Some opioid use disorder (OUD) patients attempt to self-treat using herbal remedies such as kratom."( Douglas, HE; Weiss, ST, 2021)
"Many people being treated for opioid use disorder continue to use drugs during treatment."( Bertz, JW; Burgess-Hull, AJ; Epstein, DH; Kowalczyk, WJ; Panlilio, LV; Phillips, KA; Preston, KL; Stull, SW, 2020)
"Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) frequently present to the emergency department for acute treatment of overdose and withdrawal."( Calleo, VJ; Sullivan, RW; Szczesniak, LM, 2020)
"Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for opioid use disorder with buprenorphine in primary care is effective and patient-accessible yet remains underutilized, including among residency training programs."( Tiemstra, JD; Walsh, LH, 2020)
"A multigravid woman with opioid use disorder presented at 7 weeks of gestation for treatment."( Field, TA; Saia, K; Wanar, A, 2020)
"Not all people experiencing opioid dependence benefit from oral opioid agonist treatment."( Ali, R; Belackova, V; Bell, J; Bruno, R; Day, C; Degenhardt, L; Dietze, P; Farrell, M; Grebely, J; Lancaster, K; Larance, B; Lintzeris, N; Nielsen, S; Sanfilippo, P; Silins, E, 2021)
"Women with opioid use disorder (OUD) face unique challenges the moment they enter treatment."( Dunn, KE; Huhn, AS, 2020)
"Evidence-based treatment of opioid use disorder, the prevention of opioid overdose and other opioid-related harms, and safe and effective pain management are priorities for the Veterans Health Administration (VHA)."( Bohnert, ASB; Drexler, K; Frank, JW; McGuire, M; Sandbrink, F, 2020)
"Looking forward, to address both opioid use disorder and COVID-19, jails and prisons need to develop capacity to implement mitigation strategies, including universal and rapid COVID-19 testing of staff and incarcerated individuals, and be resourced to provide evidence-based addiction treatment."( Donelan, CJ; Evans, EA; Hayes, E; Potee, RA; Schwartz, L, 2021)
"The Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse Questionnaire had excellent test-retest reliability; the percentage agreement between the two Prescription Opioid Misuse and Abuse Questionnaire administrations was high (>90%) for most questions."( Barsdorf, AI; Bukhari, AA; Butler, SF; Coyne, KS; Currie, BM; Farrar, JT; Fisher, HJ; Mazière, JY; Pierson, RF; Schnoll, SH, 2021)
"Medications used to treat opioid use disorder can potentially impact dissociative symptoms, but the existing literature has not explored this."( Crawford, TN; Fischer, KB; Gainer, DM; Wright, MD, 2021)
"With expanded understanding of opioid use disorder, withdrawal, and available treatments, emergency nurses will be better prepared to deliver and support life-saving treatments for patients and families suffering from this disease."( Baumann, MR; Strout, TD; Wendell, LT, 2021)
"For people with opioid use disorder hospitalized with endocarditis or osteomyelitis, initiation of methadone or buprenorphine appears to be associated with improved receipt of gold-standard therapy, as quantified by increased days on intravenous antibiotic treatment."( Alvarez, C; Bartholomew, TS; Cordova, L; Jo, Y; Nosal, R; Tookes, HE; Vandever, C; Vittori, A, 2021)
"Access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is essential, but patients face many barriers when pursuing treatment and MOUD."( Ball, J; Colvard, MD; Dadiomov, D; Hill, LG; Nichols, SD; Peckham, AM; Tallian, K; Tran, TH; Ventricelli, DJ, 2021)
"Morbidity and mortality from opioid use disorders (OUD) and other substance use disorders (SUD) is a major public health crisis, yet there are few medications to treat them."( John Rush, A; Volkow, ND; Wang, Q; Xu, R; Zheng, C; Zhou, M, 2021)
"Treatment with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) can significantly reduce overdose risk, but no national studies to date have reported on the extent to which AI/ANs access these treatments overall and in relation to other groups."( Ahmad, NJ; Garrett, B; Krawczyk, N; Patel, E; Saloner, B; Solomon, K; Stuart, EA, 2021)
"Most people with opioid use disorder (OUD) never receive treatment."( Addis, M; Altschuler, A; Arnsten, J; Bart, G; Bobb, JF; Borst, DT; Boudreau, DM; Braciszewski, JM; Bradley, KA; Caldeiro, RM; Campbell, CI; Glass, JE; LaBelle, CT; Lapham, GT; Lee, AK; Liebschutz, JM; Liu, DS; Matthews, AG; McCormack, J; McNeely, J; Merrill, JO; Murphy, SM; Samet, JH; Saxon, AJ; Schwartz, RP; Stotts, AL; Szapocznik, J; Tsui, JI; Wartko, PD; Weinstein, ZM; Yarborough, BJH, 2021)
"Guidelines for treatment of opioid use disorder stipulate for mental health assessment and the option for treatment alongside medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)."( Pollini, RA; Snell-Rood, C; Willging, C, 2021)
"(1) Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a complex condition that can require long-term treatment."( Benoit Hardouin, J; Challet-Bouju, G; Dany, A; Grall-Bronnec, M; Guillou-Landreat, M; Laforgue, E; Leboucher, J; Victorri-Vigneau, C, 2021)
"The treatment capacity for opioid use disorder (OUD) lags far behind the number of patients in need of treatment."( Dela Cruz, AM; Pipes, R; Trivedi, MH; Wakhlu, S; Walker, R, 2021)
"Access to treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is poor."( Bates, AE; Martin-Misener, R, 2022)
"Patients with opioid use disorder (n = 14) on opioid maintenance treatment with a lasting wish for abstinence, who failed to reach abstinence with standard care."( Belgers, M; Donders, R; Knuijver, T; Kramers, K; Schellekens, A; van Oosteren, T; Verkes, R, 2022)
"Effective treatments for opioid use disorder exist, but rural areas of the United States have a shortage of services offering such treatments."( Dhanani, LY; Franz, B; Miller, WC, 2021)
"Persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) and co-occurring alcohol use disorder (AUD) are understudied and undertreated."( Bhat, NR; Bierut, LJ; Borodovsky, JT; Grucza, RA; Mintz, CM; Presnall, N; Xu, KY, 2021)
"Many persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) initiate medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) with one clinic and switch to another clinic during their course of treatment."( Chang, CH; Cochran, G; Cole, ES; DiDomenico, E; Donohue, JM; Drake, C; Gellad, WF; Gordon, AJ; Kelley, D; Kim, JY; Kmiec, J; Nagy, D; Pringle, J; Sharbaugh, M; Warwick, J, 2021)
"Many incarcerated individuals with opioid use disorder remain untreated due to inadequate access to opioid agonist therapy (OAT)."( Bozinoff, N; Marmel, A, 2020)
"Access to treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) in rural areas within the United States remains a challenge."( Cole, ES; DiDomenico, E; Green, S; Heil, SKR; Hilliard, T; Mossburg, SE; Salvador, JG; Sussman, AL; Warwick, J; Westfall, JM; Zittleman, L, 2021)
"Although opioid use disorder (OUD) is common in patients with cirrhosis, it is unclear how medication treatment for OUD (MOUD) is used in this population."( Agbalajobi, O; Belperio, P; Fine, MJ; Gellad, W; Good, CB; Kraemer, K; Morgan, T; Rogal, S; Youk, A; Zhang, H, 2021)
"For those on medication to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD), incarceration in either setting may disrupt treatment."( Bart, G; Cook, R; Giang, LM; Hoffman, K; King, C; Korthuis, PT; Waddell, EN, 2022)
"Patient-reported outcomes in the treatment of opioid dependence may differ between subcutaneously administered depot buprenorphine and daily sublingual buprenorphine."( Arunogiri, S; Dunlop, AJ; Graham, R; Haber, PS; Hayes, V; Hjelmström, P; Hutchinson, S; Lintzeris, N; Lubman, DI; Peterson, S; Svedberg, A; Tiberg, F, 2021)
"Retaining people with opioid use disorder in treatment longer can increase these benefits."( Ching, JH; Goldhaber-Fiebert, JD; Owens, DK; Salomon, JA; Trafton, JA, 2021)
"For people with opioid use disorder who are not responding to oral opioid agonist treatment, evidence supports the effectiveness of injectable opioid agonist treatment with injectable hydromorphone (an opioid analgesic) and diacetylmorphine (pharmaceutical grade heroin)."( Jun, J; MacDonald, S; Oviedo-Joekes, E; Palis, H, 2021)
"While opioid use disorder (OUD) is prevalent, little is known about what patients with OUD in sustained remission think about the chronic disease model of OUD and their perspectives of the cause, course, and ongoing treatment needs of their OUD."( Carrese, J; Chander, G; Gunn, C; Pytell, JD; Rastegar, DA; Sklar, MD, 2022)
"To assess differences in the quality of opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment received by Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in health plans that used prior authorization (PA) for buprenorphine-naloxone compared with those enrolled in plans that did not use PA."( Mark, TL; Parish, WJ; Weber, E; Zarkin, GA, 2022)
"Availability of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) has increased during the past two decades but treatment retention and adherence remain low."( Dunphy, C; Jones, CM; Peterson, C; Zhang, K, 2021)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) are the gold standard for treating OUD and preventing overdose but are underused among people with OUD, with disproportionately low treatment initiation and retention among people of color."( Andraka-Christou, B, 2021)
"Adults with opioid use disorder recruited from 8 community treatment programs across the United States."( Campbell, ANC; Choo, TH; Fishman, M; Greiner, MG; Lee, JD; Novo, P; Nunes, EV; Pavlicova, M; Rotrosen, J; Scodes, J; Shulman, M, 2021)
"Medications for opioid use disorder, including methadone, combined with comprehensive wraparound services, are the gold standard for treatment in pregnancy."( Abatemarco, DJ; Barber, C; Baxter, JK; Cruz, Y; Hand, DJ; Roman, AR; Rosenthal, EW; Short, VL, 2021)
"Compared with opioid use disorder, methamphetamine use is a public health crisis that has limited evidence-based pharmacologic interventions for long-term treatment."( Kremer, M; Schulkin, J; Wakeman, B, 2021)
"Among adults with comorbid opioid use disorder and mental disorders, treatment with buprenorphine-naloxone produced greater reductions in opioid use than treatment with methadone."( Evans, EA; Fei, Z; Hser, YI; Kelleghan, A; Matthews, A; Mooney, LJ; Saxon, AJ; Yoo, C; Zhu, Y, 2022)
"Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is associated with substantial reductions in the risk of mortality, and American and Canadian guidelines recommend it as part of the full range of available treatments for youth with opioid use disorder (OUD)."( Davison, C; Krebs, E; McGowan, G; Min, JE; Nosyk, B; Zhou, H, 2021)
"Strategies for treating opioid use disorder can be divided into those that target the opioid receptor system and those that target non-opioid receptor systems, including the dopamine and glutamate receptor systems."( Cao, DN; Li, F; Li, J; Wu, N, 2023)
"Successful treatment of patients with opioid use disorder may lay in rebuilding social networks."( Alexander, M; Funaro, MC; Howell, BA; Janmohamed, K; Kumar, N; Lee, ST; O'Connor, PG; Oles, W, 2021)
"Usual treatment for persons with opioid use disorders who are in prison is detoxification with referral to treatment after release but failure to engage in treatment and relapse is common."( Carroll, J; Lynch, KG; Poole, S; Woody, GE; Yu, E, 2021)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are highly effective, but barriers along the cascade of care for opioid use disorder (OUD) from diagnosis to treatment limit their reach."( Chaisson, CE; Ciemins, E; Larochelle, MR; Morgan, JR; Quinn, EK; Stempniewicz, N; White, LF, 2022)
"Treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) may include a combination of pharmacotherapies (such as buprenorphine) with counseling services if clinically indicated."( Arndt, S; Carnahan, RM; Charlton, M; Field, RW; Lund, BC; Vakkalanka, JP; Ward, MM, 2022)
"Among patients with opioid use disorder admitted to inpatient treatment, homelessness, parole and probation status, medication preference, and factors likely to influence tolerability of medication initiation may be important in matching patients to buprenorphine or extended-release naltrexone."( Campbell, ANC; Lee, JD; Novo, P; Nunes, EV; Pavlicova, M; Rotrosen, J; Scodes, JM, 2021)
"Persons with opioid use disorder should initiate BUP to not only treat substance use but also to increase viral suppression allowing for treatment as prevention."( Chander, G; Fojo, AT; Keruly, JC; Kim, J; Lau, B; Lesko, CR; Moore, RD, 2021)
"The treatment of opioid use disorder with buprenorphine and methadone reduces morbidity and mortality in patients with opioid use disorder."( D'Onofrio, G; Hawk, K; Hoppe, J; Ketcham, E; LaPietra, A; Moulin, A; Nelson, L; Schwarz, E; Shahid, S; Stader, D; Wilson, MP, 2021)
"Efforts to increase opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment have focused on primary care."( Alexander, GC; Foti, K; Heyward, J; Jones, C; Kolodny, A; Meek, K; Tajanlangit, M, 2021)
"Pharmacological treatments for opioid use disorders (OUDs) may have mixed efficacy across diverse groups, i."( Nalven, T; Schick, MR; Spillane, NS; Weyandt, LL, 2021)
"Buprenorphine, a medication for opioid use disorder (OUD), can be administered within primary care; however, little is known about characteristics associated with retention on buprenorphine in these settings."( Angier, H; Bailey, SR; Cantone, RE; Cohen, DJ; Fleishman, J; Garvey, B; Gordon, L; Lucas, JA; Rdesinski, RE, 2021)
"Among persons with opioid dependence, persons with co-occurring alcohol dependence were 25 % less likely to receive medication treatment relative to those without AUD."( Bierut, LJ; Grucza, RA; Hartz, SM; Mintz, CM; Presnall, NJ; Sahrmann, JM; Xu, KY, 2021)
"In response to a high burden of opioid use disorder (OUD), Iran established a network of opioid agonist treatment (OAT) centres beginning in 2002."( Bastani, P; Charkhgard, N; Conigrave, KM; Kebriaeezadeh, A; Mirrahimi, B; Narenjiha, H; Noroozi, A; Salehi, M; Vaziri, A, 2022)
"In light of its potential relevance for opioid abuse and potential impact on conservative management strategies, clinicians are advised to screen for perceived injustice in patients with pain following cancer treatment."( Beckwee, D; Bults, R; De Couck, M; Huysmans, E; Lahousse, A; Leysen, L; Mostaqim, K; Nijs, J; Reynebeau, I; Roose, E; van Wilgen, P, 2021)
"Medications for opioid use disorder, also known as medication-assisted treatment (MAT), are critical in the treatment of opioid use disorder."( Binder, R; McNiel, DE; Schonfeld, A; Toyoshima, T, 2021)
"Outcomes included identification of opioid use disorder, buprenorphine administration, and linkage to outpatient addiction treatment."( Campbell, A; Clayton, S; Goodman-Meza, D; Herring, AA; Kalmin, MM; Moulin, A; Padwa, H; Shoptaw, S; Snyder, H; Speener, M, 2021)
"Medication treatment of opioid use disorder (MOUD) is effective, yet barriers to care continue to result in a large proportion of untreated individuals."( Aryal, A; Barreveld, AM; Chhay, S; Dopp, A; Emerick, T; Kohan, L; Lane, O; Potru, S; Sprintz, M; Viscusi, E, 2021)
"Treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) in adolescents and young adults is imperative to reduce the risk of overdose and other opioid-related harms."( Dennis, ML; Funk, R; Godley, MD; Mataczynski, MJ; Welsh, JW, 2022)
"Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) has positive outcomes including reducing opioid-related morbidity and mortality."( Boley, RA; Hill, K; Karnik, NS; Salisbury-Afshar, E; Smithenry, D, 2022)
"Buprenorphine, approved for treating opioid use disorder (OUD), is not equally efficacious for all patients."( Crist, RC; Edelman, EJ; Hartwell, EE; Kampman, KM; Kember, RL; Kranzler, HR; Rentsch, CT; Vickers-Smith, R; Xu, H, 2021)
"Preferences for medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) formulation and OUD treatment models were assessed through an online survey."( Budney, AJ; Cavazos-Rehg, P; Marsch, LA; Saunders, EC; Scherer, E, 2021)
"Relapse rates during opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment remain unacceptably high."( Díaz, I; Luo, SX; Nunes, EV; Rotrosen, J; Rudolph, KE, 2021)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), such as buprenorphine and methadone, are effective in reducing the significant harms associated with untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) in nonpregnant and pregnant adults."( Aujla, R; Boyars, L; Cleary, E; Douglas, E; Guille, C; Smith, C; Sujan, A, 2022)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are evidence-based treatments, yet can be controversial among some populations."( Light, T; Madden, EF; Prevedel, S; Sulzer, SH, 2021)
"Medication for opioid use disorder, including buprenorphine and methadone, is considered the gold standard treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD)."( Dougherty, J; Englander, H; Herreid-O'Neill, A; Lovejoy, TI; Mackey, K; Priest, KC; Shull, S; Thoma, J; Wyse, JJ, 2022)
"Individuals treated for opioid use disorder (OUD) have high rates of psychiatric disorders potentially diminishing treatment outcomes."( Curtis, ME; Evans, EA; Hser, YI; Kelleghan, A; Mooney, LJ; Saxon, AJ; Yoo, C; Zhu, Y, 2021)
"The stigma in treating opioid addiction continues to be a major barrier to effective management plan."( Dirani, E; Laqueille, X; Lucet, C; Richa, S, 2022)
"Access to treatment for opioid use disorder is more robust in urban areas compared with rural areas."( Barnett, ML; Humphreys, K; Kiang, MV; Tsai, AC; Wakeman, SE, 2021)
"Treating acute pain among persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) on opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is complex, and the therapeutic benefits of opioids remain unclear when weighted against their abuse potential and respiratory depressant effects."( Avila-Quintero, VJ; Compton, P; De Aquino, JP; Flores, J; Gómez, O; Hickey, T; Parida, S; Sofuoglu, M, 2021)
"As part of a broader study of opioid misuse, we examined proximity to evidence-based treatment as a potential barrier to treatment access."( Bowles, JM; Davidson, PJ; Faul, M; Gaines, TL, 2022)
"Pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder is effective but underused from a clinical perspective, and average treatment duration is shorter than current recommendations."( McPheeters, J; Mutter, R; Spencer, D, 2022)
"Medications for opioid use disorder such as opioid agonist treatment (OAT, including methadone, buprenorphine) are the gold standard intervention for opioid use disorder (OUD)."( Arias, F; Arnsten, J; Cunningham, CO; Olsen, JP; Rivera Mindt, M; Scott, TM, 2021)
"Pharmacological treatments for opioid use disorder are essential, life-saving medications, yet successful induction of them and long-term retention on them is limited in many settings."( Dale, LM; Kurz, M; Min, JE; Nosyk, B, 2022)
"The majority of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) face access barriers to evidence-based treatment, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the United States (US) opioid overdose crisis."( Aronowitz, SV; Dolan, A; Engel-Rebitzer, E; Lowenstein, M; Mandell, D; Meisel, Z; Oyekanmi, K; South, E, 2021)
"Most people receiving medications for opioid use disorder reported taking methadone and had high continuity of treatment (86."( Allen, ST; Haney, K; Krawczyk, N; Morris, M; Saloner, B; Sherman, SG; Solomon, K, 2022)
"Individuals in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) have high smoking rates and limited success with Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cessation aids, suggesting need for novel approaches."( Bearnot, B; Coker, FK; Gupta, PS; Kalagher, KM; Kalkhoran, S; Neil, J; Park, ER; Regan, S; Rigotti, NA; Streck, JM; Wakeman, S, 2022)
"Individuals in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) have high smoking rates and limited success with existing smoking cessation tools, suggesting a need for novel cessation treatment approaches."( Bearnot, B; Coker, FK; Gupta, PS; Kalagher, KM; Kalkhoran, S; Neil, J; Park, ER; Regan, S; Rigotti, NA; Streck, JM; Wakeman, S, 2022)
"We know little about what youth with opioid use disorders (OUD) think about outpatient substance use treatment and 12-step meetings following discharge from residential substance use treatment."( Fishman, M; Lertch, E; Ludwig, A; Mitchell, SG; Monico, LB; Schwartz, RP, 2022)
"The mainstay of treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is opioid agonist therapy (OAT), which modulates opioid receptors to reduce substance craving and use."( Fuehrlein, BS; Gold, MS; Lee, YK, 2022)
"In the United States, methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD) is limited to highly regulated opioid treatment programs (OTPs), rendering it inaccessible to many patients."( Farrell, NM; Kehoe, J; Kolodziej, J; Komaromy, M; Laks, J; Taylor, JL; Walley, AY, 2021)
"Data from Phase 2 of the Prescription Opioid Addiction Treatment Study (POATS) were used."( Edwards, KA; McHugh, RK; Venner, KL; Vowles, KE; Witkiewitz, K, 2022)
"Mothers who screen positive for opioid abuse should be referred to a provider experienced in opioid maintenance therapy."( Schroeder, M; White, J, 2021)
"To address the critical need for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment by rapidly planning and implementing a statewide DEA X-waiver training initiative expanding office-based OUD treatment in Texas by: (1) facilitating access to buprenorphine waiver trainings to targeted regions and health care providers across the state; and (2) supporting completion of DEA X-waiver requirements."( Finley, EP; King, VL; Lanham, HJ; Potter, JS; Rosen, KD; Schmidt, S; Schneegans, S, 2022)
"Due to the ongoing opioid use disorder crisis, improved access to opioid treatment programs (OTPs) is needed."( Harle, CA; Jackson, JR; Menachemi, N; Silverman, R; Simon, K, 2022)
"Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is regarded as effective in treating OUD; however, retention in MOUD programs remains low nationally."( Anvari, MS; Belcher, AM; Bradley, VD; Felton, JW; Kleinman, MB; Magidson, JF; Massey, EC, 2022)
"Although medications to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD) are the standard of care during pregnancy, there are many potential gaps in the cascade of care for pregnant people experiencing incarceration."( Alexander, J; Amos, E; Edwards, J; Horne, T; Jones, HE; Knittel, AK; Lin, FC; Swartzwelder, RA; Thorp, J; Tsujimoto, THM; Zarnick, S, 2022)
"Medications to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) including buprenorphine products are evidence-based and cost-effective tools for combating the opioid crisis."( Aldridge, AP; Conway, KP; Hilscher, R; Khoury, D; Parker, SJ; Zarkin, GA, 2022)
"More recent advances in treating opioid use disorder have changed the goals of opioid withdrawal management to achievement of abstinence from all opioids to facilitation of long-term treatment with medications for opioid use disorder."( Manu, P; Rogozea, LM; Shulman, M, 2022)
"Successful treatment of opioid misuse among people with chronic pain has proven elusive."( Baker, AK; Barrett, JW; Donaldson, GW; Froeliger, B; Garland, EL; Hanley, AW; Nakamura, Y; Reese, SE; Riquino, MR, 2022)
"The overall odds ratio for reduction in opioid misuse through the 9-month follow-up period in the MORE group compared with the supportive psychotherapy group was 2."( Baker, AK; Barrett, JW; Donaldson, GW; Froeliger, B; Garland, EL; Hanley, AW; Nakamura, Y; Reese, SE; Riquino, MR, 2022)
"Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) (MOUD; buprenorphine and methadone) reduces opioid use and overdose."( Biondi, BE; Schlossberg, EF; Shaw, A; Springer, SA; Vander Wyk, B, 2022)
"However, given the high prevalence of opioid use disorder among beneficiaries in the program, findings highlighted considerable opportunity for improvement in treatment utilization and retention and a need for increased naloxone dispensing."( Austin, AE; Naumann, RB; Roberts, AW; Wang, L, 2022)
"Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) has been shown to decrease mortality, reduce overdoses, and increase treatment retention for patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and has become the state-of-the-art treatment strategy in the emergency department (ED)."( Gothard, D; Jouriles, N; McKinnon, J; Reuter, QR; Santos, AD; Seaberg, D, 2022)
"Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder provided in the emergency department with subsequent buprenorphine treatment by community prescribers is associated with improved outcomes, but the frequency with which this occurs is unknown."( Gordon, AJ; Kerber, R; Saloner, B; Sorbero, M; Stein, BD, 2022)
"In individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) we assumed that 80% of SSP clients had recently injected drugs and that treatment within SSPs would have similar or improved retention compared with standard-of-care buprenorphine programs, but higher rates of active opioid use while in treatment."( Adams, JW; Barocas, JA; Behrends, CN; Chatterjee, A; Fox, A; Linas, BP; Madushani, RWMA; Savinkina, A; Walley, AY; Wang, J, 2022)
"Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is the criterion standard treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), but nationally representative studies of MOUD use in the US are lacking."( Annunziato, EM; Gutkind, S; Mauro, PM; Samples, H, 2022)
"Medications to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD) during pregnancy and in the postpartum period remain underutilized."( Bernstein, J; Gray, JR; Greenfield, SF; Hoeppner, BB; Jones, HE; Kelly, JF; MacMillan, KDL; Muftu, S; Partridge, S; Schiff, DM; Terplan, M; Wilens, TE; Work, EC, 2022)
"Medications used to treat opioid use disorders were a substantial driver of NAS, although NAS associated with these medications has declined over time."( Cumming, CN; Kelty, EA; Preen, DB, 2022)
"Medication treatment for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is an effective evidence-based therapy for decreasing opioid-related adverse outcomes."( Bush, K; Charron, E; Cucciare, MA; Gordon, AJ; Hayes, CJ; Hudson, TJ; Lo-Ciganic, W; Martin, BC; Yu, H, 2022)
"In addition, if there is an underlying opioid use disorder, efforts should be made to refer to specialised addictions care and initiate opioid agonist therapy when appropriate."( Juurlink, DN; Wu, PE, 2022)
"People with opioid use disorder (OUD) experience lower quality of life (QoL) than the general population, but buprenorphine treatment for OUD could help improve QoL of individuals with OUD."( Andraka-Christou, B; Entress, R; Fortson, K; Golan, M; Golan, OK; Perry, E; Pigott, T; Rivera-Atilano, R; Totaram, R; Whitaker, D, 2022)
"Perinatal opioid use disorder (OUD) is associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity, and treatment has been definitively shown to improve outcomes for both."( Kane, C; Topmiller, M, 2022)
"Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) with FDA-approved methadone or buprenorphine has been shown to increase treatment retention, reduce opioid use and associated health and societal harms, and reduce opioid related overdose, and as such is considered the most effective treatment for OUD."( Curtin, KM; Hudnall, M; Lewis, D; Mitchell, P; Parton, J; Price, A; Samsel, S; Tramp, R; Turner, D, 2022)
"Most studies focused on treatment of opioid use disorder among youth, with few studies focused on early or experimental stages of opioid use."( Audet, M; Conrod, P; Fast, D; Hawke, LD; Henderson, J; Isaacs, JY; Khan, F; Knight, R; Lam, A; Nairn, SA; Saah, R; Stewart, SH, 2022)
"Many people manage their opioid use disorder (OUD) with medication-assisted treatment (MAT)."( Broughton-Miller, KD; Urquhart, GE, 2022)
"Initiating medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) during emergency department (ED) visits is an important innovation to engage individuals in addiction treatment."( Adger, H; Alinsky, RH; McGinty, EE; Silva, C, 2022)
"Methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment is restricted to licensed opioid treatment programs (OTPs) with substantial barriers to entry."( Christine, PJ; Evans, J; Farrell, NM; Kehoe, J; Kim, TW; Laks, J; Taylor, JL; Walley, AY; Weinstein, ZM; White, CS, 2022)
"As EDs continue to care for those with opioid use disorder (OUD), clinicians should be aware of how to prevent and treat BPOW."( Koyfman, A; Long, B; Perrone, J; Spadaro, A, 2022)
"Treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), particularly medication for OUD, is highly effective; however, retention in OUD treatment is a significant challenge."( Jalali, MS; Lich, KH; Marrero, WJ; Naumann, RB; Stafford, C; Wakeman, S, 2022)
"Among people with an opioid use disorder in the United States, only 10% receive buprenorphine treatment."( Bluthenthal, RN; Kral, AH; LaKosky, P; Lambdin, BH; Morris, T; Tookes, HE; Wenger, L, 2022)
"Opioid misuse and opioid use disorder (OUD) are important comorbidities in people with advanced cancer and cancer-related pain, but there is a lack of consensus on treatment."( Arnold, R; Bulls, H; Dao, E; Fitzgerald Jones, K; Kapo, J; Khodyakov, D; Liebschutz, J; Meier, D; Merlin, J; Paice, J; Ritchie, C, 2022)
"Medication for opioid use disorder is the evidence-based, standard of care for treating OUD in outpatient settings, especially buprenorphine because it is effective and has low toxicity."( Aspero, H; Bao, Y; Bogner, HR; Calderbank, T; Campbell, K; Coviello, D; Dooley, P; French, R; Harris, RA; Lowenstein, M; Maginnis, J; Mandell, DS; O'Donnell, N, 2022)
"As Medicaid is the largest payer for opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment services in the United States, information about Medicaid provider reimbursement is critical, and Medicaid payment policies influence the structure of OUD treatment services for everyone with OUD treatment needs."( Aarons, J; Clemans-Cope, L; Lynch, V; Payton, M, 2022)
"Mortality from opioid use disorder (OUD) can be reduced for patients who receive opioid agonist treatment (OAT)."( Gottlieb, DJ; Hoyt, JE; Peltzman, T; Riblet, NB; Shiner, B; Teja, N; Watts, BV, 2023)
"Surveys assessed demographics, opioid misuse, depression and anxiety symptoms, trauma history and symptoms, social support, and barriers to retention in treatment (e."( Agius, E; Broman, M; Brown, S; Kollin, R; Lee, G; Lister, JJ; Pasman, E; Resko, SM, 2022)
"Most people with co-occurring opioid use disorder (OUD) and mental illness do not receive effective medications for treating OUD."( Bromley, E; Hunter, SB; Leamon, I; Martinez, J; McCreary, M; Montero, A; Ober, AJ; Sheehe, J; Shih, KJ; Tarn, DM; Watkins, KE, 2023)
"Buprenorphine induction for treating opioid use disorder is being implemented in emergency care."( Azar, P; Greenwald, MK; Herring, AA; Nelson, LS; Perrone, J, 2022)
"To examine trends in opioid use disorder treatment including buprenorphine possession, urine drug testing, and opioid treatment program services during the COVID-19 public health emergency."( Beemon, D; Burns, M; Dague, L; Saloner, B; Tilhou, AS, 2022)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), including buprenorphine, represent an evidence-based treatment that supports long-term recovery and reduces risk of overdose death."( Burnett, SJ; Clemency, BM; Hoopsick, RA; Kahn, LS; Lynch, JJ, 2022)
"Methadone treatment (MT) for opioid use disorder is only available in opioid treatment programs (OTPs) in the United States, with retention predictive of positive health outcomes."( Andraka-Christou, B; Nguyen, TD; Totaram, R, 2022)
"Minorities with opioid use disorder utilize healthcare the least, possibly because of affordability, and need culturally sensitive and financially feasible treatment options."( Chang, J; Kim, SJ; Medina, M, 2022)
"Universal screening for opioid use disorder (OUD) is recommended in pregnancy, and prevention and treatment programs that meet the specific needs of women are important to understand and consider as the world continues to try to anticipate and respond to the realities of the opioid epidemic."( Cook, JL, 2022)
"Clinicians should screen regularly for opioid use disorder and arrange for or directly provide treatment."( Coffin, PO; Martinez, RS; Ryder, B; Wylie, B, 2022)
"Stigmatization of an opioid addiction acts as a barrier to those seeking substance use treatment."( Ahluwalia, J; Chavanne, D; Goodyear, K, 2022)
"In a group of 162 patients with opioid dependence, discontinuation prior to the full 24 weeks of the study period (six injections and attending the study visit at 24 weeks) occurred in 49% of the patients, primarily in the early stage of treatment."( Clausen, T; Karlsson, AT; Solli, KK; Tanum, L; Vederhus, JK; Weimand, B, 2022)
"Young adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) have low engagement in treatment with medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD)."( Bagley, SM; Barron, K; dellaBitta, V; Hadland, SE; Lunze, K; Park, TW; Schoenberger, SF, 2023)
"Many patients with opioid use disorders do not receive evidence-based treatment."( Frank, CJ; Lin, LA, 2022)
"Treatment of opiate addiction with opiate substitution treatment (e."( Barker, D; Cro, S; Lingford-Hughes, AR; Mozgunov, P; Nahar, L; Paterson, LM; Paterson, S; Phillips, R; Smith, C, 2022)
"Partial opioid agonist medications for opioid use disorder reduce mortality and morbidity, however long-term retention in treatment is challenging."( Beaudoin, FL; Bratberg, J; Chambers, LC; Hallowell, BD; McDonald, J; Nitenson, A; Onyejekwe, C; Samuels, EA, 2022)
"The use of digital interventions for opioid use disorder treatment was acceptable, with varying levels of effectiveness for improving outcomes, which is influenced by participant and intervention delivery factors."( Chiliza, B; Kiburi, SK; Ngarachu, E; Paruk, S; Tomita, A, 2023)
"Persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) may present with infectious complications from injection drug use; thus, infectious diseases (ID) physicians are uniquely positioned to treat OUD."( Carter, AE; Colasanti, JA; Cooper, H; Fujita, AW; Hussen, SA; Loughry, N; Moore, DE; Sheth, AN, 2023)
"Persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) may present with infectious complications from injection drug use; thus, infectious diseases (ID) physicians are uniquely positioned to treat OUD."( Carter, AE; Colasanti, JA; Cooper, H; Fujita, AW; Hussen, SA; Loughry, N; Moore, DE; Sheth, AN, 2023)
"Persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) may present with infectious complications from injection drug use; thus, infectious diseases (ID) physicians are uniquely positioned to treat OUD."( Carter, AE; Colasanti, JA; Cooper, H; Fujita, AW; Hussen, SA; Loughry, N; Moore, DE; Sheth, AN, 2023)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are a commonly used evidence-based approach to treating affected individuals, but little is known about its use in the rural US."( Bresett, JW; Kruse-Diehr, AJ, 2023)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are a commonly used evidence-based approach to treating affected individuals, but little is known about its use in the rural US."( Bresett, JW; Kruse-Diehr, AJ, 2023)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are a commonly used evidence-based approach to treating affected individuals, but little is known about its use in the rural US."( Bresett, JW; Kruse-Diehr, AJ, 2023)
"Novel treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) are needed to address both the ongoing opioid epidemic and long-standing barriers to existing OUD treatments that target the endogenous μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system."( Bergeria, CL; Bogenschutz, MP; Brown, RT; Comer, SD; Dunn, KE; Dworkin, RH; Finan, PH; Griffiths, RR; Hendricks, PS; Houtsmuller, EJ; Huhn, AS; Johnson, MW; Kampman, KM; Kiluk, BD; Kleykamp, BA; Kosten, TR; Lee, DC; Levin, FR; McRae-Clark, A; Pravetoni, M; Preston, KL; Raison, CL; Rasmussen, K; Strain, EC; Turk, DC; Vandrey, R; Weiss, RD, 2023)
"Novel treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD) are needed to address both the ongoing opioid epidemic and long-standing barriers to existing OUD treatments that target the endogenous μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system."( Bergeria, CL; Bogenschutz, MP; Brown, RT; Comer, SD; Dunn, KE; Dworkin, RH; Finan, PH; Griffiths, RR; Hendricks, PS; Houtsmuller, EJ; Huhn, AS; Johnson, MW; Kampman, KM; Kiluk, BD; Kleykamp, BA; Kosten, TR; Lee, DC; Levin, FR; McRae-Clark, A; Pravetoni, M; Preston, KL; Raison, CL; Rasmussen, K; Strain, EC; Turk, DC; Vandrey, R; Weiss, RD, 2023)
"Increasing access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment is critical to curbing the opioid epidemic, particularly for rural residents who experience numerous health and health care disparities, including higher overdose death rates and limited OUD treatment access compared with urban dwellers."( Caiola, C; Scott, ES; Speight, C; Tyndall, DE, 2023)
"Increasing access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment is critical to curbing the opioid epidemic, particularly for rural residents who experience numerous health and health care disparities, including higher overdose death rates and limited OUD treatment access compared with urban dwellers."( Caiola, C; Scott, ES; Speight, C; Tyndall, DE, 2023)
"Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) includes administering medications such as buprenorphine or methadone, often with mental health services."( Dekeseredy, P; Haggerty, T; Sedney, CL; Turiano, NA; Turner, T, 2022)
"Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) includes administering medications such as buprenorphine or methadone, often with mental health services."( Dekeseredy, P; Haggerty, T; Sedney, CL; Turiano, NA; Turner, T, 2022)
"Research suggests that Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) is effective in the treatment of OUD."( Call, G; Dras, M; Eijaz, AA; Lim, D; Marashi, A; Pradhan, P; Siddiqui, A; Warren, D, 2022)
"Research suggests that Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) is effective in the treatment of OUD."( Call, G; Dras, M; Eijaz, AA; Lim, D; Marashi, A; Pradhan, P; Siddiqui, A; Warren, D, 2022)
"Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) tend to get assigned to one of 3 medications based on the treatment program to which the patient presents (e."( Díaz, I; Luo, SX; Nunes, EV; Rotrosen, J; Rudolph, KE; Williams, NT, 2023)
"We will enroll 100 participants with opioid use disorders receiving methadone maintenance treatment at an addiction treatment center and randomly allocate them to an experimental or control group."( Hu, WL; Hung, YC; Kuo, CE; Lu, TC; Tsai, MC; Tsai, YH; Wu, SY, 2022)
"While opioid addiction, treatment, and recovery are receiving attention, not much has been done on adaptive interventions to prevent opioid use disorder (OUD)."( Singh, N; Varshney, U, 2023)
"Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is the gold standard treatment for opioid use disorder."( Ciocco, F; Cox, AL; Hass, RW; Kelly, EL; Reed, MK; Smith, KR; Weinstein, LC, 2023)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUDs) - including methadone, buprenorphine, and naltrexone - are the most effective treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD)."( Andraka-Christou, B; Golan, O; Gordon, AJ; Ohama, M; Saloner, B; Stein, BD; Totaram, R, 2023)
"Pharmacy-based Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) treatment has been identified as a central pillar in curbing the spiraling opioid epidemic that claimed more than 100,000 lives in the United States in a one year period for the first time."( Watanabe, JH, 2023)
"Buprenorphine has been approved for opioid use disorder treatment, yet remains underutilized."( Desai, S; Guy, GP; Strahan, AE; Zhang, K, 2023)
"Medications used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) reduce drug overdose risk."( Abate, MA; Dai, Z; Kraner, JC; Limen, GN; Mock, AR; Smith, GS, 2023)
"Access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is limited for individuals in drug courts - programs that leverage sanctions for mandatory substance use treatment."( Boland, AK; Friedmann, PD; Lemon, SC; Pivovarova, E; Smelson, DA; Taxman, FS, 2023)
"Patients with opioid use disorder were offered treatment with buprenorphine, a buprenorphine prescription whenever possible, and a follow-up visit to a clinic providing addiction treatment."( Castillo, EM; Childers, R; Cronin, AO; Lasoff, D; Swee, S, 2023)
"Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) frequently leave the hospital as patient directed discharges (PDDs) because of untreated withdrawal and pain."( Caputo, A; Christopher, C; Compton, P; Delgado, MK; Lowenstein, M; McFadden, R; Olenik, JM; Perrone, J; Ronning, K; Sigueza, AL; Thakrar, AP; Uritsky, TJ; Winston, A, 2023)
"Patients with opioid use disorder may be asked by their clinicians to discontinue maintenance buprenorphine treatment before surgical operations due to concerns that buprenorphine will interfere with acute pain management."( Bhat, JA; Hathaway, DB; Rodriguez, C; Suzuki, J; Twark, C, 2023)
"Despite efficacy of medication for opioid use disorder, low-income, ethno-racial minoritized populations often experience poor opioid use disorder treatment outcomes."( Anvari, MS; Belcher, AM; Bennett, M; Bradley, VD; Dean, D; Felton, JW; Greenblatt, AD; Kleinman, MB; Magidson, JF; Seitz-Brown, CJ, 2023)
"Improving medication for opioid use disorder outcomes is a national priority that must be met with cost-effective, sustainable strategies to support individuals in treatment."( Anvari, MS; Belcher, AM; Bennett, M; Bradley, VD; Dean, D; Felton, JW; Greenblatt, AD; Kleinman, MB; Magidson, JF; Seitz-Brown, CJ, 2023)
"Among patients with opioid use disorder seeking medication treatment, the risk of overdose events over the next 24 weeks is elevated among those who fail to initiate or discontinue medication and those who report benzodiazepine use at baseline."( Balise, RR; Brandt, L; Castillo, F; Feaster, DJ; Hu, MC; Liu, Y; Luo, SX; Nunes, EV; Odom, GJ, 2023)
"Increasing evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is key to reducing opioid-related morbidity and mortality."( Paquette, CE; Pollini, RA; Slocum, S, 2023)
"With increasing prevalence of opioid use disorders (OUDs) there is an urgent need for OUD trained front line primary care providers (PCPs) who can help improve patient adherence to addiction treatment."( Boltri, JM; Caron, A; Delos Reyes, C; Gardner-Buckshaw, SL; Khaira, P; Kropp, D; Novak, L; Perzynski, AT; Spieth, R, 2023)
"Regarding opioid use disorder treatment, participants supported ED-based buprenorphine/naloxone programs but also suggested additional options (eg, different initiation regimens and settings and other opioid agonist therapies) to facilitate further treatment uptake."( Barbic, S; Bath, M; Buxton, JA; Dong, K; Galarneau, LR; Garrod, E; Grier, S; Hilburt, J; Kaczorowski, J; Kestler, A; Miles, I; Moe, J; O'Neill, ZR; Orkin, AM; Scheuermeyer, FX; Tobin, D, 2023)
"Nearly 27 million people have an opioid use disorder (OUD) according to the 2016 Global Burden of Disease study, most of which occur in the US where opioids are a common class of medication used to treat acute and chronic pain."( Cornett, EM; Dies, RM; Edinoff, AN; Honore, LG; Jackson, ED; Kataria, S; Kaye, AD; Kaye, AM; Murnane, KS; Sall, S; Shekoohi, S; Zaheri, AR, 2023)
"People with Opioid Use Disorder (PWOUD) represent an underserved and marginalized population for whom treatment gaps exist."( Bhatt, S; Dixon, JA; Fernandez-Mancha, R; Fiuty, P; Gadomski, R; Gross, J; Salvador, J; Shapiro, M, 2023)
"Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is evidence-based treatment during pregnancy and postpartum."( Ahrens, KA; Austin, AE; Chen, Q; Donohue, JM; Durrance, CP; Hammerslag, L; Jarlenski, M; Lanier, P; McDuffie, MJ; Talbert, J, 2023)
"Treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) with diacetylmorphine is an evidence-based form of drug treatment, but it is not available in the United States (US)."( Allen, ST; Morris, M; Owczarzak, J; Rouhani, S; Schneider, KE; Sherman, SG; White, RH, 2023)
"Methadone medication treatment for opioid use disorder appears to remain an effective intervention for reducing illicit opioid use."( Dawson, E; Gordon, AJ; Passik, S; Saloner, B; Stein, BD; Whitley, P, 2023)
"Patients with opioid use disorder, regardless of treatment with methadone, buprenorphine, or no medication for opioid use disorder consumed significantly greater quantities of opioids after cesarean delivery but received fewer opioid prescriptions at discharge."( Achu, R; Bateman, BT; Gibbs, L; Guang, Z; Holland, E; Saia, K; Spence, NZ; Wachman, EM; Werler, MM; Young, M, 2023)
"Patients receiving medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) depend on receiving daily treatment and face a risk of withdrawal in case of medication supply disruption."( Dumchev, K; Gvozdetska, O; Ivanchuk, I; Kuzin, I; Morozova, O; Nesterova, O; Skala, P, 2023)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD; methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone) are the most effective treatments for OUD, and MOUD is protective against fatal overdoses."( Case, P; Green, TC; Hughto, JMW; Moyo, P; Palacios, WR; Rapisarda, SS; Silcox, J; Stopka, TJ; Tapper, A, 2023)
"Screening for opioid misuse and treatment for opioid use disorder are critical for reducing morbidity and mortality."( Cox, S; DeSisto, CL; Green, JL; Kacha-Ochana, A; Ko, JY; Mueller, T; Terplan, M, 2023)
"Hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder and concurrent acute pain may be eligible for buprenorphine therapy."( Chenoweth, J; Colby, D; Johnson, E; Kotova, M; Porras, H, 2023)
"Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is an effective intervention to combat opioid use disorder and overdose, yet there is limited understanding of engagement in treatment over time in the community, contextualized by ongoing substance use."( Astemborski, J; Cepeda, JA; Genberg, BL; Kirk, GD; Mehta, SH; Rudolph, JE, 2023)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are the standard of care for treating opioid use disorder (OUD), but few problem-solving court clients with OUD are referred to MOUD."( Andraka-Christou, B; Asi, YM; Matusow, H; Totaram, R, 2023)
"Adults with opioid dependence entering 8 treatment centers in Tehran, Iran will be randomly assigned to receive either OMT plus a smartphone intervention or OMT as usual."( Boumparis, N; Meyer, A; Naghizadeh, E; Noroozi, A; Rahimi-Movaghar, A; Schaub, MP; Wenger, A, 2023)
"Despite a high prevalence of opioid use disorder (OUD) among people in prison, there is little knowledge of how many receive the recommended opioid agonist treatment (OAT) and what characterizes those who receive OAT and those who do not when it comes to mental health comorbidities."( Bukten, A; Skjærvø, I; Stavseth, MR, 2023)
"Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in primary care includes a combination of medication, behavioral therapy, and/or other psychosocial services."( Gaiser, MG; Galloway, E; Lombardi, B; Richman, EL; Sullivan, C; Zerden, LS, 2023)
"In treating opioid use disorder (OUD), subcutaneous (SC) extended-release buprenorphine (BPN) depots, e."( Acharya, C; Björnsson, M; Strandgården, K; Tiberg, F, 2023)
"As telehealth models for treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) are expanding, the field does not know the reliability of urine drug screening (UDS) in this setting."( Brandon, AD; Burke, B; Carter, R; Clear, B; Gallogly, W; Rollston, R; Weiner, SG, 2023)
"Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) with buprenorphine in primary care is a proven OUD treatment strategy."( Carroll, JK; Dickinson, LM; Felzien, M; Fernald, DH; Heeren, L; Kwan, BM; Lutgen, C; Nease, DE; Sofie, B; Westfall, JM; Wolff, D; Zittleman, L, 2023)
"Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) has more than doubled since 2009."( Beaudoin, FL; Berk, J; Chambers, LC; Gaither, R; Hallowell, BD; Hampson, AJ; Paiva, TJ; Wightman, RS; Zullo, AR, 2023)
"In this 3-arm cluster-RCT of opioid use disorders treatment programs, we test the effect of two evidence-based "practice coaching" (PC) interventions on the provision and sustained implementation of on-site HIV testing, on-site HIV/HCV testing, and linkage to care."( Annane, D; Assoumou, SA; Feaster, DJ; Frimpong, JA; Gooden, LK; Haynes, L; Kyle, T; Liguori, TK; Linas, BP; Matheson, T; Metsch, LR; Nelson, MC; Parish, CL; Siegel, K; Toussaint, O; Tross, S, 2023)
"Expansion of opioid use disorder treatment is needed, particularly in rural communities."( Badger, GJ; Batchelder, SR; Heil, SH; Higgins, ST; Peck, KR; Sigmon, SC, 2023)
"Participants were adults with untreated opioid use disorder from nonrural (trial 1) or rural (trial 2) communities."( Badger, GJ; Batchelder, SR; Heil, SH; Higgins, ST; Peck, KR; Sigmon, SC, 2023)
"Expanding access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment, including methadone, is imperative to address the US overdose crisis."( Castellanos, S; Joshi, N; Knight, KR; Lambdin, BH; Shapiro, B; Steiger, S; Suen, LW, 2023)
"Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is an effective, evidence-based treatment, but significant gaps in implementation remain."( Beehler, GP; Funderburk, J; Heavey, SC, 2024)
"Buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality."( Christine, PJ; Larochelle, MR; Lin, LA; McBride, J; Tipirneni, R, 2023)
"The Primary Care Opioid Use Disorders Treatment (PROUD) trial was a mixed-methods, implementation-effectiveness cluster randomized clinical trial conducted in 6 diverse health systems across 5 US states (New York, Florida, Michigan, Texas, and Washington)."( Addis, M; Altschuler, A; Arnsten, JH; Bart, G; Bobb, JF; Boudreau, DM; Braciszewski, JM; Bradley, KA; Burganowski, RP; Caldeiro, RM; Campbell, CI; Cunningham, CO; Dryden, D; Ghiroli, MM; Glass, JE; Hamilton, LK; Horigian, VE; Hu, Y; Hyun, N; Idu, AE; Labelle, CT; LaHue, JS; Lapham, GT; Lee, AK; Liebschutz, JM; Liu, DS; Loree, AM; Matthews, AG; McCormack, J; McNeely, J; Merrill, JO; Murphy, MT; Murphy, SM; Northrup, TF; Phillips, RC; Qiu, H; Samet, JH; Saxon, AJ; Schwartz, RP; Shea, M; Shmueli-Blumberg, D; Silva, AJ; Stotts, AL; Szapocznik, J; Tsui, JI; Wartko, PD; Weinstein, ZM; Wong, MT; Yu, O; Zare-Mehrjerdi, M, 2023)
"Medication treatments for opioid use disorder (MOUD) save lives and improve outcomes for countless individuals."( Carr, MM; Cave, S; Martino, S; Masheb, R; Midboe, AM; Wolkowicz, NR, 2023)
"Medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are the most effective treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) but remain underutilized."( Bowden, C; Crystal, S; Enich, M; Lloyd, J; Mahone, A; Treitler, P, 2024)

Research

Studies (15,042)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-1990778 (5.17)23.3326
1990's1029 (6.84)12.5806
2000's2047 (13.61)18.1394
2010's5977 (39.74)28.8240
2020's5211 (34.64)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
gamma-aminobutyric acid0medium418
ethylene glycol0low10
acetic acid0low30
acetaldehyde0low10
agmatine0low40
carbamates0medium83
carbon monoxide0medium43
citric acid, anhydrous0low20
chlorine0low10
hydrogen sulfide0low10
bupropion0medium133
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine0low20
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid0low10
creatine0low20
lactic acid0low30
formaldehyde0low10
glycine0low10
hydrogen cyanide0low10
histamine0low10
hydrogen0low20
iodine0medium83
methanol0low10
melatonin0medium74
niacinamide0medium21
niacin0low10
nitrites0low20
nitrous oxide0low100
pyrazinamide0low10
pyridoxine0low20
spermidine0low10
taurine0low60
thiamine0low20
toluene0low20
uracil0medium11
uric acid0low10
urea0low40
vanillin0low10
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate0low10
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid0low10
sk&f 829580low10
menthol0medium11
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one0low10
2-hydroxysaclofen0low10
monomethylpropion0low20
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine0low10
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine0low190
4-aminopyridine0low10
homovanillic acid0low20
phenytoin0low10
hydroxyindoleacetic acid0low10
7-nitroindazole0low30
acetaminophen0medium806
acetazolamide0medium11
alprazolam0medium91
am 2510low10
amantadine0medium64
theophylline0low10
dan 21630low10
amitriptyline0medium21
aristolochic acid i0low10
aspirin0low60
baclofen0medium144
biperiden0low10
bupivacaine0medium2610
buspirone0medium32
caffeine0low70
carbamazepine0medium105
carisoprodol0low20
celecoxib0medium61
chloral hydrate0medium11
chlordiazepoxide0medium21
chlorpromazine0medium111
ciprofloxacin0low10
citalopram0medium33
clonazepam0low30
clonidine0medium24160
cyclo(leucylglycine)0low10
dantrolene0low10
desipramine0medium1814
amphetamine0low450
diazepam0medium356
dimercaprol0low10
diphenhydramine0low10
disulfiram0medium188
valproic acid0medium62
thiorphan0medium21
domperidone0low10
doxepin0medium51
erythrosine0low10
etizolam0low10
fenfluramine0low10
fentanyl0medium4237
fluconazole0medium51
fluphenazine0low20
flumazenil0low20
flunitrazepam0medium51
fluoxetine0medium126
fluphenazine depot0low10
flutamide0low10
furosemide0low10
gabapentin0medium458
glutethimide0low10
glyburide0low10
gr 896960low10
guanfacine0medium33
n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide0low10
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine0low20
haloperidol0medium41
hydroxychloroquine0low10
hydroxyurea0low20
hydroxyzine0low20
ibudilast0medium51
ibuprofen0medium152
lidocaine0medium61
ifosfamide0low10
imipramine0medium52
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine0low20
isoniazid0low20
isradipine0medium11
ketamine0medium264
ketoconazole0medium11
ketoprofen0low10
ketorolac0medium52
lamotrigine0low10
enkephalin, leucine0low10
loperamide0medium271
lorazepam0medium62
mazindol0low10
memantine0medium104
meperidine0low320
meprobamate0low10
mescaline0low20
metformin0medium21
methadone0medium3,746542
methocarbamol0low40
methylphenidate0medium123
metyrapone0low10
mianserin0medium32
midazolam0medium71
moclobemide0low10
modafinil0low20
muscimol0low40
deoxyepinephrine0low10
apnea0low50
nefazodone0low10
neostigmine0low10
nevirapine0low70
nimodipine0medium11
nitrazepam0low10
ondansetron0medium42
oxazepam0medium52
oxybutynin0low230
oxymetazoline0low10
pentobarbital0low50
perphenazine0low10
phenacetin0low40
pheniramine0low10
phenobarbital0medium314
phenylbutazone0low20
moxonidine0low10
pioglitazone0medium32
prazepam0medium11
prochlorperazine0low10
promethazine0low50
propofol0medium226
propranolol0low20
riluzole0low10
risperidone0medium31
ritanserin0medium11
rizatriptan0medium11
ro 15-45130low10
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone0low10
3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydro-4-propyl-2h,5h-(1)benzopyrano(4,3-b)-1,4-oxazin-9-ol0low10
secobarbital0low10
sevoflurane0medium31
sotalol0low10
spiperone0low10
vorinostat0low10
sulfobromophthalein0low10
sulpiride0low10
gatifloxacin0low10
temazepam0low30
theobromine0low10
thioridazine0low20
tiopronin0low10
tizanidine0low20
trazodone0medium32
triclosan0low10
trihexyphenidyl0low20
trimeprazine0low10
tripelennamine0medium81
tropicamide0low20
delavirdine0low10
vigabatrin0low10
zolpidem0low10
zopiclone0low10
corticosterone0low100
prednisolone0low20
estriol0low20
lysergic acid diethylamide0low70
reserpine0low20
thyroxine0low10
dextroamphetamine0medium103
carbachol0low10
spironolactone0low10
prednisone0low30
dehydroepiandrosterone0low30
penicillin g0low20
pentylenetetrazole0low10
serine0low10
aspartic acid0medium42
glutamine0medium31
lysine0low10
cyanides0low30
physostigmine0low10
sucrose0medium111
apomorphine0medium41
aminopyrine0low30
bromodeoxyuridine0low10
carbostyril0medium51
levodopa0low40
edetic acid0low20
tributyrin0low10
adenosine monophosphate0low10
methicillin0low10
leucine0medium11
lactose0low10
methionine0low10
phenylalanine0medium21
cycloheximide0low10
cycloserine0medium11
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone0low20
ampicillin0low10
ornithine0low10
valine0medium41
tryptophan0medium21
arginine0low60
propane0low10
phencyclidine0low50
isoaminile0low10
rhodamine b0low10
cyclizine0low10
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone0low30
thymol0low10
pseudoephedrine0low10
diethylpropion0medium11
quinoxalines0medium105
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline0low10
2-naphthylamine0medium11
phenothiazine0low10
4-butyrolactone0low10
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid0low20
pyridostigmine bromide0low10
cyclohexanol0medium41
pyrroles0low40
thiophenes0low50
ergotamine0low20
diethylhexyl phthalate0low10
isoquinoline0low10
triethylamine0low10
meglumine0low10
pregnenolone0low10
yohimbine0medium52
diphenhydramine hydrochloride0low230
ditiocarb0low10
methohexital0medium54
hydroxytryptophol0low10
homoarginine0low10
indazoles0low30
benzoxazoles0low30
adamantane0low10
cyclopentane0low30
thiazoles0low50
calcium gluconate0medium11
galantamine0medium42
methysergide0low10
phenylbenzoquinone0low10
cyanamide0low10
dextropropoxyphene0medium243
ketobemidone0low10
limestone0low10
reticulin0low10
bicuculline0low40
phenylpropanolamine0low10
alpha-aminopyridine0low10
methadyl acetate0medium7315
psilocybin0low30
chlormethiazole0medium21
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol0medium52
methamphetamine0medium1185
malondialdehyde0medium51
lithium carbonate0low10
acetylcysteine0low10
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate0low10
etonitazene0low50
diphenoxylate0low20
ethambutol0low10
fencamfamine0medium11
phenazocine0low30
arsenic trioxide0low10
vancomycin0low10
d-alpha tocopherol0low20
paracymethadol0medium21
vincamine0low10
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile0low10
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate0medium17220
dronabinol0medium236
flupenthixol0low20
stavudine0low10
norpropoxyphene0low10
mannose0low10
cyclazocine0medium102
tranylcypromine0low10
streptomycin0low10
fructosamine0low10
levomethadone0medium21
n-methylaspartate0low40
manganese0low20
mercury0low10
silver0low10
cadmium0low10
chromium0low10
gold0low30
magnesium sulfate0medium21
deuterium0low10
trolamine salicylate0low70
etorphine0low230
fluorides0low10
lisuride0low10
lofexidine0medium5218
phosphotyrosine0low10
bromocriptine0medium31
phenyl acetate0low20
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous0low80
pregnanolone0low10
4-methoxyamphetamine0low90
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate0low20
normeperidine0low10
n-nitrosoiminodiacetic acid0medium52
glutamic acid0low230
azides0low10
adenosine diphosphate ribose0low10
tramadol0medium11211
oxcarbazepine0low10
amineptin0low10
zidovudine0low60
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine0low10
tobramycin0low10
substance p0medium41
zipeprol0low20
ribavirin0medium155
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate0low10
methyldopa0low10
diltiazem0low20
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester0low40
meptazinol0medium33
sufentanil0low70
enkephalin, methionine0low60
paroxetine0low20
atracurium0low10
pergolide0medium11
colforsin0low50
alfentanil0medium21
fenoxycarb0low10
haloperidol decanoate0low10
simvastatin0low10
atomoxetine hydrochloride0medium11
mifepristone0low50
spiradoline0low10
ranolazine0low10
quinelorane0low10
eticlopride0low20
finasteride0low10
esmolol0low10
clopidogrel0low10
aripiprazole0medium21
remifentanil0medium184
atorvastatin0low10
lamivudine0low30
duloxetine hydrochloride0medium11
4-propionyloxy-4-phenyl-n-methylpiperidine0low10
carfentanil0medium201
f 73020low20
ici 631970low10
cyamemazine0low10
venlafaxine hydrochloride0low20
efavirenz0low20
nelfinavir0low30
amprenavir0medium11
5-methylcytosine0low10
n-acetylaspartic acid0low20
6-sulfatoxymelatonin0low10
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate0low10
2-amino-5-chloropyridine0low10
xenon radioisotopes0medium11
triazoles0medium63
ibopamine0low10
fluorodeoxyglucose f180low30
sertraline0medium22
selfotel0low10
delta sleep-inducing peptide0low20
cinitapride0low10
tianeptine0low10
pentifylline0low10
acamprosate0low80
voriconazole0medium11
methotrimeprazine0low10
ketorolac tromethamine0low10
clarithromycin0low20
nicotine0medium429
fibrinogen0low10
homocysteine0low10
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate0low10
lopinavir0medium41
arginine methyl ester0low10
dextromoramide0low10
alpha-tocopherol phosphate0low10
trimeperidine0low10
n-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate0low10
cobalt0low10
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)-0low50
sr1417160low10
3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine0low10
pregnenolone sulfate0low10
u 695930low30
methyllycaconitine0low10
n,n-diallyl-tyrosyl-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid-phenylalanyl-leucine0low10
racecadotril0medium11
18,19-dihydroetorphine0low120
enkephalin, ser(2), leu(5), thr(6)-0low10
n(g)-iminoethylornithine0low10
dynorphin (1-8)0low10
deoxyglucose0low10
norbuprenorphine0medium267
quadazocine0low10
2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine0medium132
morphiceptin, n-me-phe(3)-0low10
perospirone0low10
pramipexole0low30
rb 1010low10
diethylaminosulfur trifluoride0low10
des-enkephalin-gamma-endorphin0low10
enkephalin-met, arg(6)-phe(7)-0low10
deltorphin ii, ala(2)-0low10
phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide0low30
kyotorphin0low10
n,n-dimethylarginine0low20
acetaminophen, dextropropoxyphene, drug combination0low10
rmi 12330a0low10
4-(alpha-(4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl)-n,n-diethylbenzamide0low20
zd 72880low10
2-benzyl-3-formylpropanoic acid0low10
o-demethyltramadol0low20
ly 2746140low30
ethylketocyclazocine0low40
proline0medium32
naproxen0low10
hydroxyl radical0low10
atazanavir sulfate0low30
technetium tc 99m pentetate0low10
varenicline0medium85
prolylleucine0low10
atropine0low20
lignin0low10
ropivacaine0medium41
antalarmin0low10
psyllium0low10
esketamine0low10
ah 79210low20
4-aminospiroperidol0low10
delrin0low10
cortisone0low10
benzofurans0medium32
norfentanyl0low60
nas0low10
voacamine0low10
noscapine0low20
ibogaine0medium202
ritonavir0medium83
2-amino-4-oxo-5-chloropentanoate0low10
mt-450low10
oxytocin0medium111
theanine0low10
reticuline0low10
nitroarginine0low30
quinidine0medium11
saquinavir0low10
pentazocine0medium311
abacavir0low10
bq 1230low10
diprenorphine0low50
dironyl0low10
lephetamine0medium11
betadex0low10
trichostatin a0low10
arachidonic acid0low10
retinol0low10
oleic acid0low10
tacrolimus0low10
cocaine0medium50474
mycophenolic acid0low10
clindamycin0low10
benzoylecgonine0medium93
h 890low10
enkephalin, leucine0medium391
tenofovir0low10
micafungin0low10
riboflavin0medium21
potassium permanganate0low10
potassium nitrite0low10
dipyrone0low10
n-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-phenylacetamide0low50
3-methylfentanyl0low20
isomethyleugenol0low20
citral0low10
dextromethadone0medium11
cocaethylene0low20
cannabidiol0medium41
buprenorphine0medium3,236436
arginine vasopressin0low10
tyrosyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarbonyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine0low10
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal0low10
nsc 43470low10
etomidate0low10
cotinine0medium73
tetrahydropalmatine0low10
curcumin0low10
capsaicin0low40
thiobarbituric acid0low10
D-fructopyranose0medium62
tamoxifen0low10
fusidic acid0low10
thiopental0low10
maraviroc0low10
u 01260low10
lithium0low40
dezocine0medium11
raclopride0low50
quinine0low30
mitragynine0low130
deltorphin0low10
gamma-endorphin, des-tyr(1)-0low10
u-504880low130
sch 233900low10
freedom0low30
ketazocine0low10
naloxazine0low10
noribogaine0medium32
salinomycin0low10
dynorphin (1-11)0low10
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline0low10
ovalbumin0low10
nafadotride0low10
crocin0medium11
sb 2420840low10
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione0low10
zinc protoporphyrin ix0low10
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol0low10
jtk-3030low20
bilirubin0medium21
alprostadil0low10
cholecalciferol0medium11
leukotriene d40low10
amphotericin b0low20
montelukast0low10
humulene0medium1104
anandamide0medium11
codeine0medium1737
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low20
dihydrocodeine0medium235
hydrocodone0medium8811
hydromorphone0medium10533
levetiracetam0low10
nabilone0low20
nalmefene0medium123
nalorphine0low90
naloxone0medium1,269162
oxycodone0medium40744
oxymorphone0medium272
topiramate0medium62
lobeline0low10
morphine0medium68584
7-benzylidenenaltrexone0low10
beta-funaltrexamine0low60
dexmedetomidine0medium123
endomorphin 10low10
j 1133970low10
mdl 1009070low10
nalbuphine0medium71
pholcodine0low10
kn 930low10
thebaine0low40
fluvoxamine0low30
lead0medium141
barium0low10
ethylmorphine0low20
levorphanol0low50
levallorphan0low10
dihydromorphine0low20
thallium0low30
arsenic0low20
naltrexone0medium808173
morphine-6-glucuronide0low40
dextromethorphan0medium134
dextrorphan0low20
butorphanol0medium255
methylnaltrexone0low40
indinavir sulfate0low20
desomorphine0low60
morphinone0low10
phosphorus0low20
heroin0medium48047
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-0low20
6-o-monoacetylmorphine0medium121
normorphine0low40
morphine chloride0low10
norbinaltorphimine0low20
morphine-3-glucuronide0low40
dermorphin0low10
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)-0low160
n-methylnaloxone0low40
chlornaltrexamine0low10
acetylcodeine0medium11
enkephalin-leu, ala(2)-cys(6)-0low10
naltrindole benzofuran0low20
pregabalin0medium172
biphalin0low20
alvimopan anhydrous0low20
codeine-6-glucuronide0low20
14-thioglycolamido-7,8-dihydromorphinone0low10
naltrindole0low50
guanabenz0low30
naloxone benzoylhydrazone0low10
tetrodotoxin0low20
oxalates0low10
dizocilpine maleate0low80
3-(2-carboxypiperazine-4-yl)-1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid0low10
trk 8200low30
rilpivirine0medium33
sb 334867-a0low30
morphinans0medium294
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate0low10
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine0low40
hypericum0low10
3-((2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)ethynyl)piperidine0low10
nepicastat0low10
desvenlafaxine succinate0medium11
sincalide0low10
tapentadol0medium231
ro 64-61980low20
mocetinostat0low10
lipid a0low10
norcodeine0low10
g(m1) ganglioside0low10
fmrfamide0low20
18-methoxycoronaridine0low20
jwh 0180low20
dynorphin (1-17)0low10
oxadiazoles0low10
brimonidine tartrate0low10
buprenorphine, naloxone drug combination0medium374102
bms-6630680medium11
9-(benzoyloxy)-2-(3-furanyl)dodecahydro-6a,10b-dimethyl-4,10-dioxo-2h-naphtho(2,1-c)pyran-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester0low10
cp 1545260low10
dorsomorphin0low10
8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl-2-(3-(4-methylphenyl)-5-isoxazolyl)-, hydrochloride (1:1), (1r,2s,3s,5s)-0low10
lisdexamfetamine dimesylate0low10
lorcaserin0medium42
technetium tc 99m exametazime0medium21
scopolamine hydrobromide0low30
brexpiprazole0low10
pituitrin0low20
ent-dextilidine0low40
acid phosphatase0low10
glyx-13 peptide0low10
cnv10148020low10
cholecystokinin0low10
dynorphins0low150
atrial natriuretic factor0low10
nociceptin0low40
dynorphin (2-17)0low10
beta-endorphin0medium141
neuropeptide y0low20
triacetyl-beta-cyclodextrin0low10
liraglutide0low10
ziconotide0low10
cellulose0low10
hydromorphone-3-glucuronide0low10
chitosan0low10
sodium oxybate0low40
raltegravir potassium0medium11
sodium glutamate0low10
ro13-99040low10
sodium ethylxanthate0low10
suvorexant0low10
quetiapine fumarate0medium42
rimorphin0low10
dynorphins0low30
neurotensin0low10
cobicistat0low20
bms-7900520low20
ly24563020low10
gw 10000low10
piperidines0medium182
7-hydroxymitragynine0low20
interleukin-80medium22
cj 15,2080low10
pf-044552420low20
grazoprevir0medium21
mme0medium493
abt-4500medium11
sofosbuvir0low20
endrin0low50
methocinnamox0low10
ascorbic acid0low30
minocycline0medium52
mobic0medium11
ascorbate-2-phosphate0low10
tipranavir0medium22
l 7013240low10
magnesium monoperoxyphthalate0low10
dolutegravir0medium11
abt-2670medium11
abt-3330medium11
2'-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-2-allyl-6,7-benzomorphan0low30
transforming growth factor beta0medium32
naloxegol0low10
pentedrone0low10
doravirine0medium11
ledipasvir0low10
rome0medium51
mk-87420medium21
3-methylmethcathinone0low10
d-ala(2),mephe(4),met(0)-ol-enkephalin0low10
vitamin b 120low10
aconitine0low10
orabase0low10
amyloid beta-peptides0low10
exudates0medium303
acyclovir0low10
cyclic gmp0low10
guanosine diphosphate0low10
guanosine triphosphate0low20
inosine diphosphate0medium11
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)0low100
neopterin0low20
rifampin0low80
clozapine0low20
ganciclovir0low20
olanzapine0medium61
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate)0low10
valganciclovir0low10
aprepitant0medium11
imidacloprid0low10
eye0low20
carbidopa0low10
thienorphine0low10
ego0low90
phosphorus radioisotopes0low10
preproenkephalin0medium71
leptin0medium21
reamberin0low10
pyrimidinones0medium41
phenanthrenes0low10

Protein Targets (2,887)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE780078
thioredoxin reductase990099
ATAD5 protein, partial490049
GLS protein920092
TDP1 protein16600166
regulator of G-protein signaling 4780078
67.9K protein310031
Parkin110011
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B260026
IDH1400040
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 216300163
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 2310031
huntingtin isoform 2170017
ras-related protein Rab-9A220022
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 1320032
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor250025
plasminogen precursor250025
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor250025
survival motor neuron protein isoform d460046
D(1A) dopamine receptor215026
Ataxin-2780078
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase690069
Chain A, High-affinity cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7A0101
Chain A, cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Chain A, Phosphodiesterase 9A0101
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A280028
Chain A, Class I phosphodiesterase PDEB10101
Chain A, High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A0101
Chain A, cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Chain A, cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase catalytic domain, Cone cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha chimera0101
Chain A, cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase catalytic domain, Cone cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha chimera0101
Chain A, High affinity cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 9A0101
Chain A, High affinity cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 9A0101
glp-1 receptor, partial350035
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor660066
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha13600136
Phosphodiesterase 0404
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1500050
geminin13400134
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1770077
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1440044
cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi77313111
Monocarboxylate transporter 40101
High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A0101
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0505
High affinity cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 9A0101
Renin0707
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A 0404
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D 0303
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C0303
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-177313111
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta77313111
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-277315113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-577313111
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-377313111
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-177323112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-277313111
Adenosine receptor A1023637
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-477313111
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-377313111
Adenosine receptor A30707
Adenosine receptor A2a0171032
Adenosine receptor A2b05414
Adenosine receptor A2b012321
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-677313111
Adenosine receptor A10171036
Adenosine receptor A2a017534
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter033641
Adenosine receptor A2a0303
Cone cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha'0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0303
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-177335115
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-377313111
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-277315113
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B0404
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B0303
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B0303
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0909
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0909
cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B0404
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C025025
High affinity cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7A0303
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C0404
cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A0505
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C0303
Phosphodiesterase 0101
GABA theta subunit77313111
Phosphodiesterase 0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon77313111
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7B0101
GLI family zinc finger 313300133
AR protein16800168
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 112800128
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha19300193
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma820082
aryl hydrocarbon receptor600060
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0405
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0101
CD44 antigen0011
CD44 antigen0112
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor033539
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A017018
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor032538
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor033539
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B016017
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase0202
acetylcholinesterase550055
pregnane X receptor210021
SMAD family member 2380038
SMAD family member 3380038
Microtubule-associated protein tau670067
progesterone receptor740074
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]13600136
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha910091
farnesoid X nuclear receptor710071
pregnane X nuclear receptor11700117
G630063
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor760076
arylsulfatase A690069
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a830083
activating transcription factor 6400040
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2120012
chromobox protein homolog 1950095
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 111000110
lamin isoform A-delta1012300123
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit610061
Interferon beta800080
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 630063
Glucocorticoid receptor114527
Sex hormone-binding globulin0066
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1014014
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0707
Adenosine receptor A3027634
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0211334
Androgen receptor023024
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor061769
Glutamate receptor 2618475
Glycine receptor subunit beta014014
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2014014
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3014014
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 0325
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor069878
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 068776
TAR DNA-binding protein 43290029
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1630063
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial630063
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE460046
Chain A, HADH2 protein480048
Chain B, HADH2 protein480048
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase390039
Chain A, Ferritin light chain340034
USP1 protein, partial710071
NFKB1 protein, partial300030
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1860086
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)230023
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX128008
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor300030
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1310031
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA540054
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor150015
M-phase phosphoprotein 8320032
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 16006
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1590059
lethal factor (plasmid)500050
Histamine H2 receptor528173
dopamine D1 receptor130013
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1390039
Adenosine receptor A104410
Mu-type opioid receptor0491677
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1500050
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1280028
D(1A) dopamine receptor550055
Glutamate receptor 1010416
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 037448
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30819
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 036447
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B039450
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C037449
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D036447
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B036447
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A036447
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2087088
Luciferase430043
ClpP5005
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma12300123
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1160016
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)730073
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 310600106
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 213400134
Neutrophil cytosol factor 10303
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma230023
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G130013
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase170017
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1130013
15-lipoxygenase, partial340034
phosphopantetheinyl transferase580058
alpha-galactosidase140014
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a390039
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60225
Glutamate receptor 308414
Glutamate receptor 408414
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10729
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10516
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20718
Glutamate receptor 108211
Glutamate receptor 208211
Glutamate receptor 30718
Glutamate receptor 408110
D(2) dopamine receptor054867
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40606
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20516
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30404
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50617
Cytochrome P450 3A4069382
Cytochrome P450 2D6056264
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10314
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50325
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50315
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B015116
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10225
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
interferon gamma precursor0004
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase0011
Chain M, Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase0011
Olfactory receptor class A-like protein 10011
endonuclease IV190019
RGS122002
Thrombopoietin180018
alkaline phosphatase, intestinal0112
thioredoxin glutathione reductase120012
hypothetical protein, conserved7007
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein110011
alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme isoform 1 preproprotein0202
intestinal alkaline phosphatase precursor0202
guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform 12002
DNA polymerase beta120012
flap endonuclease 1340034
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)390039
alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type preproprotein0112
POsterior Segregation0022
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0791089
Zinc finger protein mex-50022
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C040747
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0471158
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A084895
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter030535
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B061667
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D019625
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F019625
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B037744
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6010515
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0781290
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 020626
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A010515
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B010515
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A016622
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 011516
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B016622
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d610061
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 3150015
Tumor necrosis factor0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A08210
cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C0505
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 411300113
cytochrome P450 2D610600106
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a450045
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1500050
peripheral myelin protein 22780078
Cellular tumor antigen p53980098
Delta-type opioid receptor056878
Delta-type opioid receptor0441166
Kappa-type opioid receptor025736
Mu-type opioid receptor0551575
Kappa-type opioid receptor0291343
Mu-type opioid receptor011041164
Delta-type opioid receptor08830134
Kappa-type opioid receptor0481070
Kappa-type opioid receptor09228136
Mu-type opioid receptor030743
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1022325
Chain A, Cruzipain240024
glucocerebrosidase200020
Potassium channel subfamily K member 206814
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3140014
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 30213
Acetylcholinesterase0305
Pteridine reductase 10303
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10314
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta690069
Inositol monophosphatase 1280028
Liver carboxylesterase 10106
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X2001616
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor360036
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor130013
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1510051
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 1140014
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A190019
Aromatase0909
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A 0527
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0406
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0607
Nitric oxide synthase, brain09011
Nitric oxide synthase, brain 0607
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0607
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible06110
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial 0101
Albumin081840
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1045156
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0151328
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH 0141041
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2025025
Nonstructural protein 5A 0247
Genome polyprotein0011
Genome polyprotein0012
Spike glycoprotein7541291
RNA-directed RNA polymerase 0023
Protein cereblon0505
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit330033
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease280028
caspase-3280028
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor490049
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor140014
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)600060
Histone H2A.x420042
Caspase-7160016
caspase-3160016
heat shock protein beta-1320032
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5450045
Smad3320032
EWS/FLI fusion protein790080
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 301210121
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 401230126
Solute carrier family 22 member 6011013
Carbonic anhydrase 1209119
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90209
Bile salt export pump028028
Bile salt export pump01700170
Cytochrome P450 2B10001
Cytochrome P450 1A10001
Carbonic anhydrase 1028144
Carbonic anhydrase 2031350
Myoglobin0101
Cytochrome P450 1A10315
Cytochrome P450 1A2028234
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1013013
Carbonic anhydrase 309117
Cytochrome P450 2C9 060265
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15013013
Sulfotransferase 1A1 0001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-607010
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein0303
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 012018
Carbonic anhydrase 4016125
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1018019
Carbonic anhydrase 6012121
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial012223
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2018324
Carbonic anhydrase 7011120
Cytochrome P450 2J2027028
Carbonic anhydrase 9015228
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 101180118
Carbonic anhydrase 15011017
Carbonic anhydrase 1308015
Carbonic anhydrase 1408118
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial011121
toxin B0001
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, Carbonic Anhydrase Ii0011
Chain A, Carbonic Anhydrase Ii0011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase330033
Chain A, Endochitinase0101
Chain A, Endochitinase0101
Chain A, Endochitinase0101
Chain A, Class Iii Chitinase Chia10101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 130101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase II0101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase0101
Chain B, Carbonic anhydrase0101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 0004
Carbonic anhydrase 0404
GALC protein200020
Carbonic anhydrase 0404
Carbonic anhydrase 0606
Carbonic anhydrase0606
Carbonic anhydrase0303
Prolyl endopeptidase0202
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 110103
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0202
Carbonic anhydrase 20202
Cathepsin B0101
Steryl-sulfatase0203
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0809
Cytochrome P450 2C8015015
Cytochrome P450 2A6010111
Translocator protein08413
Cannabinoid receptor 1011415
Cytochrome P450 2B608213
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0202
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10404
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40102
Endochitinase0101
Cytochrome P450 2C19034036
Carbonic anhydrase010015
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10202
Carbonic anhydrase04010
Cholinesterase014015
Carbonic anhydrase 0303
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10809
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 10404
Carbonic anhydrase 20404
Squalene synthase0202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7012316
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0505
Carbonic anhydrase 04010
Carbonic anhydrase 30101
Carbonic anhydrase05012
Carbonic anhydrase04011
Carbonic anhydrase 0404
Sigma intracellular receptor 2012012
Delta carbonic anhydrase0404
Renin0101
Carbonic anhydrase 04010
Endochitinase A10101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 130519
Carbonic anhydrase 408010
Acidic mammalian chitinase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 70101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 2, isoform A 0101
Free fatty acid receptor 30011
Free fatty acid receptor 20112
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0629
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn011213
Fibrinogen C domain-containing protein 10101
Chain A, caspase-3, p17 subunit0101
Chain B, caspase-3, p12 subunit0101
Chain A, caspase-3, p17 subunit0101
Chain B, caspase-3, p12 subunit0101
Chain A, caspase-3, p17 subunit0101
Chain B, caspase-3, p12 subunit0101
Caspase-10819
Caspase-30606
Caspase-20112
Caspase-74105
Caspase-60101
Caspase-80101
Histone deacetylase 3013119
Histone deacetylase 4012220
Histone deacetylase 1015424
Histone deacetylase 7012219
Histone deacetylase 2015323
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC10011117
Histone deacetylase 11 012118
Histone deacetylase 8013220
Histone deacetylase 6013321
Histone deacetylase 9011117
Histone deacetylase 5012118
Chain E, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0101
Thymidine kinase 0202
hemoglobin subunit beta3003
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor110011
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a140014
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 054065
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0202
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0407
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 20002
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17103013
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0022
Solute carrier family 22 member 605010
Thymidine kinase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80508
Thymidine kinase0101
Chain A, MTA/SAH nucleosidase0101
Chain A, Ribosome-inactivating protein alpha-trichosanthin0011
Chain A, Ricin A chain0011
Chain A, Ribosome-inactivating protein 30011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0011
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 1140014
snurportin-1140014
tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein2002
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 17007
Cyclin-dependent kinase 10202
Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta0101
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0202
Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP150303
Leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 20213
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Structure of PAE2307 in complex with adenosine0011
Chain B, Structure of PAE2307 in complex with adenosine0011
Chain A, ADENOSINE RECEPTOR A2A0202
Chain A, ADENOSINE RECEPTOR A2A0202
Chain A, tRNA (guanine-N(1)-)-methyltransferase0011
Chain A, Uncharacterized protein MJ08830011
signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, interleukin-4 induced2002
NPYLR7B0033
glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 10022
high affinity choline transporter 1 isoform a0101
Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 10202
Calcium dependent protein kinase0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 70033
Sodium/nucleoside cotransporter 20202
Epidermal growth factor receptor014115
Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 0202
Adenosine deaminase0001
Avidin0011
Adenosine deaminase0001
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase0303
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20516
Insulin receptor0012
Phosphoglycerate kinase 20202
Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha0347
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta0113
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 1A 0101
Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein0011
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 10012
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 20303
Endoplasmin0224
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 0303
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 20012
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 40012
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 30012
Streptavidin0011
Adenosylhomocysteinase0003
Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrial0203
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 0203
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha0304
Adenosine kinase0001
Adenosine deaminase 0001
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 20202
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-beta0304
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, H3 lysine-79 specific0101
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 10303
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type 2-alpha0304
Solute carrier family 28 member 30202
Adenosine kinase0102
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase beta0315
5-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine deaminase0001
Adenosine transporter 10001
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 20112
Chain A, Glycogen Phosphorylase B0011
Chain B, Glycogen Phosphorylase B0011
Chain A, ADP-dependent glucokinase0101
Chain A, Ribonuclease pancreatic0101
Chain A, Ribonuclease pancreatic0101
Chain A, phosphodiesterase-nucleotide pyrophosphatase0101
Chain A, GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE B0011
Chain B, GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE B0011
Chain A, GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE B0011
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 10101
2'-deoxynucleoside 5'-phosphate N-hydrolase 10101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20112
Alcohol dehydrogenase E chain0101
Alcohol dehydrogenase S chain0101
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain0314
Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 10002
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 10101
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme0607
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 10202
2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase0134
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase0101
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src0416
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0819
5'-nucleotidase0001
Choline O-acetyltransferase0101
GTP:AMP phosphotransferase AK3, mitochondrial0001
P2Y purinoceptor 20011
P2Y purinoceptor 10011
P2Y purinoceptor 10011
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10123
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20123
Adenylate kinase 2, mitochondrial0002
Glycine--tRNA ligase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10134
Adenosine deaminase-like protein0001
Protease 018843
P2Y purinoceptor 110011
Histamine H3 receptor0303
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30112
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20112
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10123
Chain A, Endoplasmin0011
vasopressin V1b receptor2002
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
relaxin receptor 1 isoform 14004
relaxin receptor 2 isoform 13003
Transmembrane domain-containing protein TMIGD30101
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0303
Adenosine receptor A10606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A085996
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor018524
Alpha-synuclein168125
Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 30101
Endoplasmin0011
Adenosine receptor A10202
Adenylate cyclase type 50606
Endoplasmin0011
Adenosine receptor A10303
Adenosine receptor A30213
2-oxoglutarate receptor 10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 2016021
Polyamine oxidase 10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 309014
Solute carrier family 22 member 30405
Nischarin0505
Solute carrier family 22 member 1020025
Deoxyhypusine synthase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 2013016
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D011112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B010010
Integrin beta-3164121
Integrin alpha-IIb164121
Glutamate receptor 10112
Glutamate receptor 20101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 10405
Excitatory amino acid transporter 20405
Excitatory amino acid transporter 30405
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1015015
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A015116
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C011112
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A010010
Glutamate receptor 40101
Glutamate receptor 30101
Botulinum neurotoxin type A 0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase 0011
Glutathione S-transferase omega-10202
Bromodomain-containing protein 40112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10251338
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2024933
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0808
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50221032
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3022729
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2022830
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2022830
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0505
Thromboxane-A synthase 011011
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0112
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0101
Prostacyclin receptor0112
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20044
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10103
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0112
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B10101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A10001
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 10404
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 10505
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha021021
Cannabinoid receptor 1015628
Cannabinoid receptor 2 010420
putative alpha-glucosidase1001
Matrix protein 20112
Matrix protein 20123
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1021021
Snq2p00010
Pleiotropic ABC efflux transporter of multiple drugs010020
interleukin 8170017
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 37007
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0303
ORF730011
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor190019
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B300030
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F020020
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4066066
Albumin001111
High affinity nerve growth factor receptor0134
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1057057
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2052663
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4051458
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1021429
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3019426
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4019325
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5019325
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5052358
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor076986
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2023431
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1057668
Angiotensin-converting enzyme034034
D(2) dopamine receptor07814101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor072477
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor064671
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3054562
D(1A) dopamine receptor053563
D(1B) dopamine receptor013017
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A406014
Histamine H2 receptor032436
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor062366
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C084791
Histamine H1 receptor016117
Histamine H1 receptor053661
D(3) dopamine receptor075892
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0808
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha011014
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30008
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B085489
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6054158
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7021021
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B0707
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0606
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 020020
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S020020
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha011011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 031031
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0909
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1064266
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha010010
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0505
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0606
Histamine H3 receptor011213
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0707
Substance-P receptor0707
Cytochrome P450 2A50303
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0618
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1018321
tumor necrosis factor2002
Aurora kinase B0112
Chain A, Mutant Al2 6e7p9g0011
Beta-lactamase 0002
acid sphingomyelinase1001
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20002
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 0002
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Metallo-beta-lactamase0002
Beta-lactamase 0002
DNA polymerase eta isoform 15005
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0808
Beta-lactamase OXA-70001
Solute carrier family 15 member 10505
Solute carrier family 15 member 10202
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0808
Angiopoietin-1 receptor0134
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20202
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0808
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130103
Efflux transporter 0002
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase Toho-10002
Beta-lactamase 0002
Class D beta-lactamase0002
60 kDa chaperonin 0808
Metallo-beta-lactamase0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20303
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0002
10 kDa chaperonin 0808
Metallo-b-lactamase 0002
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC0002
Histamine H3 receptor0104
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2 0002
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0103
Chain A, Pol Polyprotein0011
Chain B, Pol Polyprotein0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, protease0101
Chain B, protease0101
Chain A, protease0101
Chain B, protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, gag-pro-pol polyprotein0101
Chain B, gag-pro-pol polyprotein0101
Chain A, gag-pro-pol polyprotein0101
Chain B, gag-pro-pol polyprotein0101
Chain A, gag-pro-pol polyprotein0101
Chain B, gag-pro-pol polyprotein0101
Gag-Pol polyprotein0909
Gag-Pol polyprotein0404
Gag-Pol polyprotein0404
Gag-Pol polyprotein012012
Gag polyprotein0303
Gag-Pol polyprotein0606
Cathepsin D0202
Gag-Pol polyprotein011112
Cytochrome P450 3A50707
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor048756
Gag-Pol polyprotein0606
Thromboxane-A synthase0004
Protease 013622
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10707
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10001
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30404
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0505
Cannabinoid receptor 10718
Cannabinoid receptor 20224
Fatty acid-binding protein 50022
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 20202
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0729
Potassium channel subfamily K member 2 0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10338
Cannabinoid receptor 20314
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20527
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 10303
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 10102
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 20101
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a220022
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0341650
Tryptophan 5-hydroxylase 10707
D033037
D(3) dopamine receptor029132
D(2) dopamine receptor0909
D(4) dopamine receptor036446
D(1B) dopamine receptor020020
D(4) dopamine receptor022123
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm20202
D0505
D010010
Substance-P receptor08210
Neuromedin-K receptor0213
cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 0123
Substance-P receptor0101
Chain A, ADIPOCYTE LIPID-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain A, SERUM ALBUMIN0022
Chain A, SERUM ALBUMIN0022
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)120012
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I4004
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor5005
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0809
Trypsin0202
Coagulation factor VII0505
60 kDa chaperonin0505
Tissue factor0707
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte0325
Calmodulin 0247
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2010011
Fatty acid-binding protein 50202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3010015
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1014019
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0022
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0022
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0022
Cationic amino acid transporter 30202
Vasopressin V2 receptor0326
Oxytocin receptor0336
Vasopressin V1a receptor0124
Vasopressin V1a receptor08311
Vasopressin V1b receptor0224
Vasopressin V2 receptor0011
Vasopressin V1b receptor0215
Translocator protein0102
Oxytocin receptor0202
Vasopressin V2 receptor 0214
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3E08110
Fumarate hydratase410041
PPM1D protein210021
polyprotein410041
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10055
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0055
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0325
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B08110
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4412421
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2411420
Histamine H1 receptor08313
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7023124
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor011315
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A012114
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3D08110
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20909
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C08110
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1160016
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F isoform a4004
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20213
Chain A, Hyaluronidase, phage associated0101
Polyphenol oxidase 20608
Pancreatic alpha-amylase0202
Albumin0202
Urease0101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10001
Tyrosinase0303
Hyaluronate lyase0101
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN20001
Egl nine homolog 10001
Prolyl hydroxylase EGLN30001
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor0001
Solute carrier family 23 member 10101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 40202
Glutamate transporter homolog0011
N(4)-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D07110
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20124
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0008
Chain A, Phospholipase A2 isoform 30011
GTP-binding protein (rab7)0033
ras protein, partial0033
Rac1 protein0033
cell division cycle 42 (GTP binding protein, 25kDa), partial0033
Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0404
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0808
Myeloperoxidase0606
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-10404
Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme0101
Substance-P receptor0707
Urotensin-2 receptor0202
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0303
Ras-related protein Rab-2A0033
Rho-associated protein kinase 20202
Solute carrier family 22 member 200303
Solute carrier family 22 member 60303
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 0406
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase0505
Insulin receptor 0202
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 30213
Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 10011
Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 0011
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator0202
short transient receptor potential channel 6 isoform 10022
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10125
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40315
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0326
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20325
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10325
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10202
Chain A, D-MALTODEXTRIN BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain A, Limit Dextrinase0011
Chain A, Solute-binding protein0011
Chain A, Solute-binding protein0011
Chain B, SusD0011
Chain A, SusD0011
Chain A, SusD0011
Chain A, Alpha-hemolysin0011
Chain B, Alpha-hemolysin0011
Chain C, Alpha-hemolysin0011
Chain D, Alpha-hemolysin0011
Chain E, Alpha-hemolysin0011
Chain F, Alpha-hemolysin0011
Chain G, Alpha-hemolysin0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi017017
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta017017
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1018321
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3023528
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4019322
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon017017
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6020323
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1017017
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3017017
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta017017
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40407
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 60001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A50003
Endothelin receptor type B0505
Endothelin-1 receptor0315
Endothelin-1 receptor0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10608
Endothelin-1 receptor0101
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10305
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B20003
Genome polyprotein 0325
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1011011
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor015217
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1012113
Nuclear hormone receptor family member daf-120011
oxysterols receptor LXR-beta isoform 10011
Thymidine phosphorylase0001
Thymidylate kinase0101
Thymidine kinase0001
Thymidylate kinase0202
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 90101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0527
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0527
Integrin alpha-50101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0527
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B708021
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-208211
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40629
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30628
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B10 0606
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70527
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-407210
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0527
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0809
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 0404
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0719
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0606
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase0202
Chain A, Glycogen Phosphorylase0101
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0022
Chain A, glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0022
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0022
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0022
Chain A, Chitinase0101
Cholinesterase011011
Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0101
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0101
Acetylcholinesterase016119
Vasopressin V2 receptor0002
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR0314
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform 0213
DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit0202
Adenylate cyclase type 10215
Chitotriosidase-10202
Serine-protein kinase ATM0101
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR0101
Adenosine receptor A2b0103
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM0235
Endochitinase B10202
Guanine deaminase0202
Acetylcholinesterase019020
Cytochrome P450 2C11 0303
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase 0303
Cytochrome P450 3A70202
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma03610
N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase0101
Cytochrome P450 1B10404
Heat sensitive channel TRPV30123
Sigma intracellular receptor 20606
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10246
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 80224
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 40224
G-protein coupled receptor 550134
Diacylglycerol lipase-alpha0101
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 14004
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10516
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A0506
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 10101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-307311
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20427
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30337
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-407311
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50326
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60438
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-90326
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30025
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20015
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-100326
Vpr7007
Major prion protein0055
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0606
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0808
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0505
Frizzled-80011
P2X purinoceptor 40303
Chain A, serum paraoxonase0101
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase tankyrase-20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase II0101
prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0002
Prostaglandin E synthase0202
3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 10112
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 10101
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 20101
Catechol O-methyltransferase0101
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 20202
Procathepsin L051217
Quinolone resistance protein NorA0304
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor014216
Calpain-2 catalytic subunit0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Cruzipain0202
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 10101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10101
Bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 20101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 0608
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20404
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1408311
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0608
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Cyclooxygenase-2 0202
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4100010
P2Y purinoceptor 120202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-107010
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-107010
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-207010
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-307010
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-407010
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-207010
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0617
Proteasome subunit beta type-110001
NADPH oxidase 10404
Adenylate cyclase type 1 0404
Spike glycoprotein041216
Replicase polyprotein 1ab051217
Proteasome subunit alpha type-70001
Transmembrane protease serine 2041216
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 10404
Major prion protein0011
Replicase polyprotein 1a041216
Replicase polyprotein 1ab041216
Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel0101
Calmodulin-10415
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase0202
Proteasome subunit beta type-10001
Substance-K receptor020020
Adenylate cyclase type 30404
Proteasome subunit alpha type-10001
Proteasome subunit alpha type-20001
Proteasome subunit alpha type-30001
Proteasome subunit alpha type-40001
Adenylate cyclase type 20415
Adenylate cyclase type 40404
Proteasome subunit beta type-80001
Proteasome subunit beta type-90001
Proteasome subunit alpha type-50001
Proteasome subunit beta type-40001
Proteasome subunit beta type-60001
Proteasome subunit beta type-50203
Trypanothione reductase010010
Melanocortin receptor 40404
Melanocortin receptor 50808
Adenylate cyclase type 80404
Proteasome subunit beta type-100001
Melanocortin receptor 30404
Proteasome subunit beta type-30001
Proteasome subunit beta type-20001
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0505
Proteasome subunit alpha type-60034
Aldehyde oxidase 10101
Adenylate cyclase type 60404
Aldehyde oxidase0305
Adenylyl cyclase 7 0404
Proteasome subunit alpha-type 80001
Proteasome subunit beta type-70001
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 041216
Vitamin D3 receptor0215
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10044
Vitamin D3 receptor0011
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
DNA gyrase subunit B0103
DNA gyrase subunit A0406
DNA gyrase subunit B0406
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0101
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B0103
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0204
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha0206
DNA gyrase subunit A0103
Multidrug resistance protein MdtK0011
DNA gyrase subunit B0303
DNA gyrase subunit A0404
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]0409
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0101
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B0101
Integrase 0528
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor130013
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter0404
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10404
Aromatase0101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0404
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0808
Transporter026128
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, Proto-oncogene Tyrosine-protein Kinase Src0101
Chain A, N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase0011
Chain B, N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase0011
Chain A, N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase0011
Chain B, N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase0011
hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha isoform 20101
perilipin-50303
perilipin-10303
1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase ABHD5 isoform a0303
Beta-lactamase0101
3-dehydroquinate dehydratase0011
ATP-citrate synthase 0102
Ribonuclease T0001
Cell death-related nuclease 40001
3-dehydroquinate dehydratase0011
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase0202
Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO0202
streptokinase A precursor0055
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40505
Trypanothione reductase0101
Envelope glycoprotein0044
2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase3003
Translocator protein0202
Translocator protein0808
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0236
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor 0033
Membrane primary amine oxidase 0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0336
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0203
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0203
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0203
Nischarin0707
nonstructural protein 1180018
P2Y purinoceptor 120101
Endothelin receptor type B0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C 0505
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0505
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40213
Transporter0606
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0202
Histamine H4 receptor0549
Chain A, CHIMERA OF IG KAPPA CHAIN: HUMAN CONSTANT REGION AND MOUSE VARIABLE REGION0011
Chain B, CHIMERA OF IG GAMMA-1 CHAIN: HUMAN CONSTANT REGION AND MOUSE VARIABLE REGION0011
Chain H, Fab M82G2, Heavy chain0011
Chain L, Fab M82G2, Light chain0011
Chain H, Fab M82g2, Heavy Chain0011
Chain L, Fab M82g2, Light Chain0011
Amyloid-beta precursor protein1709
Fatty acid-binding protein, heart0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase0202
Leukotriene B4 receptor 10101
Leukotriene B4 receptor 20101
Cytochrome P450 2D10404
Cytochrome P450 2D260404
Cytochrome P450 2D30404
Cytochrome P450 2D40404
nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 10202
steroidogenic factor 10202
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2001010
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 10112
Adenylate cyclase type 80112
Relaxin receptor 10011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20022
Mineralocorticoid receptor 16312
C-8 sterol isomerase0303
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0415
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 10101
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10809
Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein2002
Nrf22002
PINK13003
toll-like receptor 90101
TPA: protein transporter TIM100101
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a2002
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 16006
hypothetical protein SA14220101
D-amino-acid oxidase0202
Phospholipase A20101
Neuronal proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src 0101
Heme oxygenase 1 0202
Glutathione S-transferase P0202
Microtubule-associated protein tau0102
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 0101
Aminopeptidase N0101
Aminopeptidase N0202
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 20202
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0505
Heme oxygenase 20202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D0505
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 20101
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta0213
Beta-secretase 10101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0404
Lactoylglutathione lyase0202
Histone acetyltransferase p3000101
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 10213
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0415
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 20012
Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic0101
Thioredoxin reductase 30101
Sortase A0101
CREB-binding protein0101
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 30202
Cysteine protease 0101
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 0202
Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial0101
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 10808
Lymphocyte antigen 960011
Beta lactamase (plasmid)0101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 50001
P531001
RPL19A0011
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20004
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0202
COUP transcription factor 2 isoform a0101
Glucose transporter0101
Hexose transporter 1 0101
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-I0101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A0415
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP30101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP40101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 10101
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha0101
Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 10101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP140101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 40101
heat shock protein 90, putative0004
Chain A, N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Subunit 10101
Chain A, N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Subunit 10101
Chain A, N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Subunit 10101
D-alanine--D-alanine ligase0101
UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide--D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase 0101
Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein0011
Beta-glucuronidase0101
Beta-glucuronidase0101
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0606
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 10123
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase 0101
NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 10011
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0102
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A20103
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30104
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 110001
Solute carrier family 22 member 110002
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10001
Chymotrypsinogen A0404
Beta-lactamase0505
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic0404
phosphoglycerate kinase3003
Nociceptin receptor011519
Solute carrier family 22 member 40101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0404
Trace amine-associated receptor 10022
Trace amine-associated receptor 10022
Trace amine-associated receptor 10033
Trace amine-associated receptor 10033
Taste receptor type 2 member 460011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0426
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 10002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10527
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0426
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0426
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10426
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B100101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10056
Dihydrofolate reductase0707
Transthyretin0227
Interleukin-80101
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha0202
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal0415
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10606
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20606
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30606
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0606
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A70102
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A100104
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0808
Histamine N-methyltransferase0001
Calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 10101
Protein orai-20101
Protein orai-30101
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a2002
D(3) dopamine receptor isoform e1001
pyruvate kinase5005
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-6-phosphogluconolactonase0101
LacZ protein (plasmid)0011
beta-2 adrenergic receptor4004
type-1 angiotensin II receptor0101
runt-related transcription factor 1 isoform AML1b1001
glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase isoform b0101
core-binding factor subunit beta isoform 21001
polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 isoform a1001
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK15005
apelin receptor0101
bifunctional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase/glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase0101
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform b4004
Carbamate kinase0101
Retinal dehydrogenase 10202
Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0101
Ornithine decarboxylase4004
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 20202
Protein-lysine 6-oxidase0101
Lysine-specific demethylase 5A0101
C-C chemokine receptor type 20202
C-C chemokine receptor type 40202
C-C chemokine receptor type 50326
Gasdermin-D0202
Lysyl oxidase homolog 30101
NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 0202
Lysyl oxidase homolog 40101
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT20202
Monoglyceride lipase0202
Gasdermin-D0202
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT10101
Lysyl oxidase homolog 20101
hypothetical protein CAALFM_CR05890CA0001
H3 histone acetyltransferase0001
large T antigen0303
Chain A, PFV integrase0101
Chain A, PFV integrase0101
Chain A, PFV integrase0101
Integrase 0011
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter0303
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0033
tyrosine-protein kinase Yes4004
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B0112
Tyrosine-protein kinase Yes0112
Bone morphogenetic protein 40101
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 0213
Interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase0112
Ephrin type-A receptor 20112
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 20314
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT30213
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1A0112
Activin receptor type-1B0112
TGF-beta receptor type-10213
Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R30112
TGF-beta receptor type-20112
Dual specificity protein kinase CLK20112
Activin receptor type-10112
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-20112
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-10112
MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 10112
N-arachidonyl glycine receptor0112
Lysophosphatidylserine lipase ABHD120101
Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD60101
Eyes absent homolog 20101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Chain A, POL POLYPROTEIN0101
Chain A, POL POLYPROTEIN0101
Chain B, POL POLYPROTEIN0101
Chain A, POL POLYPROTEIN0101
Chain B, POL POLYPROTEIN0101
Chain A, Pol Polyprotein0101
Chain B, Pol Polyprotein0101
Prothrombin 0202
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein large subunit0202
Envelope glycoprotein gp160 [Cleaved into: Surface protein gp120 0101
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 0002
Reverse transcriptase 0235
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase0325
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0358
Nociceptin receptor0303
Cytosol aminopeptidase0101
Opioid receptor, delta 1b 0202
Opioid receptor homologue0202
Proenkephalin-B0011
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
Adenylate cyclase 0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor014216
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0718
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog2002
Flavin reductase (NADPH)0011
Estrogen receptor110315
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0022
Olfactory receptor 51E20033
Pantothenate synthetase0202
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0314
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0314
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0314
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta0314
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma0101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial0404
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial0404
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 10101
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 10202
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 0202
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 20202
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 20202
3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase0101
Chain A, BCL-2-RELATED PROTEIN A10022
unnamed protein product0101
bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform 10022
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase0404
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0123
Cytochrome P450 1440022
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0022
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0022
Mycocyclosin synthase0011
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0022
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0112
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0022
likely tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase0101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
Acetylcholinesterase0404
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 10101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor 0101
Cocaine esterase0506
Androgen receptor18211
Arylacetamide deacetylase0104
Arylacetamide deacetylase0002
Arylacetamide deacetylase0002
Cytochrome P450 1A2 0204
Neuropeptide FF receptor 20112
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10101
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0202
Holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase0101
G-protein coupled receptor 350112
Chain A, Type Iii Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase0101
Estrogen receptor0023
Estrogen receptor beta0023
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10202
Chain A, ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE0101
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0101
Acetylcholinesterase0303
Acetylcholinesterase 0303
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 30112
Prolyl endopeptidase0101
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0404
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-30011
Hsf1 protein0022
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-10044
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-20022
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent taurine transporter0202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0102
4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, mitochondrial0203
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10011
Platelet glycoprotein VI0011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase0101
Chain A, GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR SUBUNIT 20101
Chain A, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 20101
Chain B, Glutamate Receptor Subunit 20101
Chain A, Slr1257 protein0011
Chain A, Glucosamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing]0101
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80202
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0505
Bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 10101
Prothrombin0011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 30011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 40112
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 70011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80011
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 0001
Glutamate racemase0001
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 80112
Glutamate carboxypeptidase 20101
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 70113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 30113
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 40113
Glutamate racemase0001
Chain A, Glutamine Binding Protein0011
Neutral amino acid transporter A0303
Asc-type amino acid transporter 10101
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)0303
Amino acid transporter0303
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 90101
ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial0101
ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial0101
ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial0101
ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial0101
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator0101
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein0101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 80101
ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 110101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70203
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 10101
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10809
Serine racemase0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 20101
Genome polyprotein 0202
Genome polyprotein 0101
Non-structural protein 4A 0202
Genome polyprotein 0101
NS3 protease 0101
guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-150112
trace amine-associated receptor 10112
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 10002
Chain A, Probable hydrogenase nickel incorporation protein hypB0011
Chain B, Probable hydrogenase nickel incorporation protein hypB0011
Chain A, ELONGATION FACTOR TU (EF-TU)0011
Chain A, Elongation Factor G0011
Chain A, ADP-RIBOSYLATION FACTOR-LIKE PROTEIN 30011
Chain A, Eukaryotic peptide chain release factor GTP-binding subunit0011
Chain A, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform Rac1b0011
Chain A, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform Rac1b0011
Chain A, interferon-inducible GTPase0011
Chain A, interferon-inducible GTPase0011
Chain A, Elongation factor 20011
Chain A, Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i), alpha-1 subunit0011
72 kDa type IV collagenase0101
Matrilysin0202
Ras-related protein Rab-7a0022
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT60101
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase FUT50101
Alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase 70101
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 10101
P2Y purinoceptor 60011
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 90404
Chain A, Uracil Phosphoribosyltransferase0011
Chain B, Uracil Phosphoribosyltransferase0011
Chain C, Uracil Phosphoribosyltransferase0011
Chain E, C-amp-dependent Protein Kinase0202
Chain I, Protein Kinase Inhibitor Peptide0202
Chain E, C-amp-dependent Protein Kinase0202
Chain E, C-amp-dependent Protein Kinase0202
Chain I, Protein Kinase Inhibitor Peptide0202
Rho-associated protein kinase 20123
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-50112
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D30415
cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-alpha regulatory subunit0202
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha0404
Protein kinase C gamma type0516
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta 0202
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha 0112
Protein kinase C beta type0617
Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle0314
Protein kinase C alpha type0518
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha0314
Casein kinase II subunit alpha'0213
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma0202
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta0213
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-10112
Protein kinase C eta type0527
cAMP-dependent protein kinase type II-beta regulatory subunit0202
RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase0415
RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase0213
Protein kinase C iota type0415
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 60101
Casein kinase I isoform alpha0112
Casein kinase I isoform delta0213
Casein kinase I isoform epsilon0213
Casein kinase II subunit beta0202
Casein kinase II subunit alpha0213
Casein kinase I isoform gamma-20112
MO15-related protein kinase Pfmrk 0202
Protein kinase C epsilon type0628
Protein kinase C theta type0527
Protein kinase C zeta type0404
Protein kinase C delta type0527
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta0112
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D10415
Myosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle0112
Myosin light chain kinase 30112
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 20112
Casein kinase I isoform gamma-10112
RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase0112
Vitamin D-binding protein0101
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain 0022
Integrin beta-10202
Integrin alpha-40202
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 10203
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0101
AP-2 complex subunit sigma0101
N-acetyltransferase Eis0202
Calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor0101
Genome polyprotein 0404
Zinc finger protein 6640101
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, Protein (female-specific Histamine Binding Protein 2)0011
aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator0001
transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 30001
Plasma kallikrein0106
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor0415
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Histamine N-methyltransferase 0101
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase0101
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 40001
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor 0101
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0102
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0505
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein0505
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 10405
Solute carrier family 22 member 80103
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase0101
Toll-like receptor 90101
Toll-like receptor 70101
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor0404
Stromelysin-10213
Urease subunit alpha0202
Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit0101
Urease subunit beta0202
Acid-sensing ion channel 30101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0407
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30202
Caspase-40404
Caspase-50404
Caspase-90404
Acid-sensing ion channel 10101
Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 90101
Chain A, Cell Division Protein Kinase 20101
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 20101
Chain A, Cell Division Protein Kinase 20101
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 20101
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 20101
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 20101
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 20101
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 20101
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 20101
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 20101
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 20101
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 20101
Chain A, CELL DIVISION PROTEIN KINASE 20101
Chain A, Cell Division Protein Kinase 20101
DNA repair and recombination protein RadA0011
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B10101
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10214
Cyclin-A20101
Cyclin-A10101
Chain A, PROTEIN (PROTEASE)0101
Chain B, PROTEIN (PROTEASE)0101
Chain A, PROTEIN (PROTEASE)0101
Chain B, PROTEIN (PROTEASE)0101
Chain A, HIV-1 PROTEASE0101
Chain B, HIV-1 PROTEASE0101
Chain A, HIV-II PROTEASE0101
Chain B, HIV-II PROTEASE0101
Chain A, POL polyprotein0011
Chain B, POL polyprotein0011
Chain A, POL polyprotein0011
Chain B, POL polyprotein0011
Chain A, POL polyprotein0011
Chain B, POL polyprotein0011
Chain A, POL polyprotein0011
Chain B, POL polyprotein0011
Chain A, protease RETROPEPSIN0101
Chain B, protease RETROPEPSIN0101
Chain A, protease RETROPEPSIN0101
Chain B, protease RETROPEPSIN0101
Chain A, protease RETROPEPSIN0101
Chain B, protease RETROPEPSIN0101
Chain A, POL polyprotein0202
Chain B, POL polyprotein0202
Chain A, POL polyprotein0202
Chain B, POL polyprotein0202
Chain A, HIV-1 protease0101
Chain B, HIV-1 protease0101
Chain A, Pol polyprotein0101
Chain B, Pol polyprotein0101
Chain A, Pol polyprotein0101
Chain B, Pol polyprotein0101
Chain A, Pol polyprotein0101
Chain B, Pol polyprotein0101
Chain A, Pol polyprotein0101
Chain B, Pol polyprotein0101
Chain A, Hiv-1 Protease0101
Chain B, Hiv-1 Protease0101
Chain A, Hiv-1 Protease0101
Chain B, Hiv-1 Protease0101
Chain A, Hiv-1 Protease0101
Chain B, Hiv-1 Protease0101
Protease 0101
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 3 0202
N-glycosylase/DNA lyase0101
Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase0101
Endonuclease III-like protein 10101
Isocitrate lyase0101
Putative FAD-containing monooxygenase MymA0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Endonuclease 8-like 10101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Estrogen receptor beta0202
25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial0101
25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial0202
Cytochrome P450 26A10101
3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 0101
Camphor 5-monooxygenase0001
Phospholipase A2, major isoenzyme0101
Epoxide hydrolase 10001
Steroid 21-hydroxylase0101
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial 0101
Cytochrome P450 2A20101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0202
Cytochrome P450 7A1 0101
Estrogen receptor0202
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor0112
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0101
Cytochrome P450 4F20202
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial0202
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial0101
Cytochrome P450 7A10101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase 0202
Cell division control protein 42 homolog0101
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 10101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 130235
Protein kinase C alpha type0202
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta0101
Protein kinase C delta type0202
Protein kinase C epsilon type0202
Protein kinase C zeta type0202
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma0101
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 120235
Protein kinase C gamma type0202
Protein kinase C beta type0202
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 110235
Protein kinase C eta type0202
Protein kinase C theta type0202
Chain A, Lectin0011
Chain A, Lectin0011
Chain A, Lectin0011
Chain A, Lectin0011
Chain A, ERYTHRINA CRISTA-GALLI LECTIN0011
Chain A, ERYTHRINA CRISTA-GALLI LECTIN0011
Chain A, cellulase0011
Chain A, cellulase0011
Chain A, Galectin-30011
Chain A, Anti-tumor lectin0101
Galectin-30101
Galectin-90011
Galectin-80011
Beta-galactoside-binding lectin0101
Galectin-10113
Galectin-30112
Galectin-30113
Galectin-70011
Alpha 1,4 galactosyltransferase0001
Capsid protein 0123
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Chain A, AMINOPEPTIDASE0202
Chain A, AMINOPEPTIDASE0202
Chain A, Leucine Aminopeptidase0101
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 20112
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 10426
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A0101
WRN1001
integrase, partial0101
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750101
hexokinase-4 isoform 14004
glucokinase regulatory protein4004
SLC16A10 protein0004
Monocarboxylate transporter 100004
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50202
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 20202
Potassium channel subfamily K member 180101
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor0224
Menin0101
Chain A, protease0101
Chain B, protease0101
Chain A, protease0022
Chain B, protease0022
Chain A, protease0022
Chain B, protease0022
Chain A, protease0022
Chain B, protease0022
Chain A, protease0022
Chain B, protease0022
Chain A, protease0022
Chain B, protease0022
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, PROTEASE RETROPEPSIN0101
Chain B, PROTEASE RETROPEPSIN0101
Chain A, Protease Retropepsin0101
Chain B, Protease Retropepsin0101
Chain A, Protease Retropepsin0101
Chain B, Protease Retropepsin0101
CAAX prenyl protease 1 homolog0202
Plasmepsin V 0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0011
Catechol O-methyltransferase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E0202
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0101
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
Alpha-mannosidase 2C10101
Fucose-binding lectin PA-IIL0101
CD209 antigen0101
C-C chemokine receptor type 50101
C-C chemokine receptor type 50101
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 10202
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]0202
Nociceptin receptor0112
Melatonin receptor type 1A0213
Melatonin receptor type 1C0011
Melatonin receptor type 1A0112
Melatonin receptor type 1B0213
Melatonin receptor type 1C0112
Melatonin receptor type 1B0112
Secreted chorismate mutase0303
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 80124
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 10033
Cholinesterase0303
Aldehyde oxidase 1 0202
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter0202
Solute carrier family 22 member 80203
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain A, Aminopeptidase0101
Chain A, Methionine aminopeptidase0101
S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase0101
Adenylate cyclase type 50102
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-10001
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-20001
Fatty acid synthase0101
Caspase 6, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase0001
estrogen receptor beta isoform 10101
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
DNA polymerase III, partial3003
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial0101
Type-2 angiotensin II receptor0303
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0303
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0404
G-protein coupled receptor 0101
Chain A, PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR0101
Glucocorticoid receptor 0101
Progesterone receptor07212
Tegument protein VP160011
Glucocorticoid receptor0225
Glucocorticoid receptor0112
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha0112
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0112
Progesterone receptor0011
Estrogen receptor beta17311
Glucocorticoid receptor0101
Multidrug transporter MdfA0101
Matrix metalloproteinase-90202
Genome polyprotein0001
P2X purinoceptor 70102
Nuclear receptor corepressor 10303
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase0303
Nuclear receptor corepressor 20505
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A 0202
Leukotriene C4 synthase0101
Acyl-CoA desaturase 10202
Histidine decarboxylase0055
Proteinase-activated receptor 10224
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A80005
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0101
Chain A, Inosine-5'-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 20101
Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase0102
cAMP-dependent protein kinase 0101
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 10001
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 10001
Adenosine receptor A10213
Adenosine receptor A2a0101
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0202
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0101
kappa-type opioid receptor isoform 10101
Beta-galactosidase0011
Hormone-sensitive lipase0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C40101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C10101
Chain A, ASPARTYLPROTEASE0101
Chain B, ASPARTYLPROTEASE0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 30101
Neuropeptide Y receptor type 10202
Neuropeptide Y receptor type 20202
Neurotensin receptor type 10011
Neurotensin receptor type 20113
Myelin basic protein0011
Neurotensin receptor type 10112
Neurotensin receptor type 10225
Neurotensin receptor type 20213
Sortilin0101
Chain B, Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase0101
Chain A, Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase0101
Chain A, Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase0101
Chain A, Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase0101
Chain B, Hiv-1 Reverse Transcriptase0101
Chain A, Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H0101
Gag-Pol polyprotein0101
Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase0101
Ryanodine receptor 10101
Exoribonuclease H 0202
Cardiac ryanodine receptor 2 0101
Neutrophil elastase0202
Collagenase 30101
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein0202
D-amino-acid oxidase0101
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 30011
Nicotinamidase0101
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 20011
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 20213
D-aspartate oxidase0101
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 20112
Chain A, NAD-dependent deacetylase0101
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 20101
NAD-dependent histone deacetylase SIR20101
Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 10101
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase HST20101
NAD(+) hydrolase SARM10101
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-20101
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-60314
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-10101
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3, mitochondrial0101
NAD-dependent protein deacylase sirtuin-5, mitochondrial0303
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase 0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40213
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40101
Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-like 20202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50022
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70303
Acetylcholine-binding protein0112
Acetylcholine receptor subunit epsilon0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30112
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60112
Cytochrome P450 2A130213
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50202
Liver carboxylesterase B-10101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Soluble acetylcholine receptor0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20213
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60202
Integrin beta0011
Glycoprotein IIb0011
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-40101
Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A0101
Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit0101
Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-30101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10203
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-10101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-20101
Voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-40101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-30101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit0101
Bile acid receptor0202
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-20202
Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit0101
Lysine-specific demethylase 4C0202
Nitric oxide synthase, brain0101
Nociceptin receptor0134
Choline O-acetyltransferase 0202
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 80044
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 90145
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 100246
Tubulin beta 8B0011
Tubulin beta-4A chain0022
Tubulin beta chain0022
Tubulin alpha-3C chain0022
Tubulin alpha-1B chain0022
Tubulin alpha-4A chain0022
Tubulin beta-4B chain0022
Tubulin beta-3 chain0022
Tubulin beta-2A chain0022
Tubulin beta-8 chain0022
Tubulin beta-2B chain0101
Tubulin alpha-3E chain0022
Tubulin alpha-1A chain0022
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
Tubulin alpha-1C chain0022
Tubulin beta-6 chain0022
Tubulin beta-2B chain0022
Tubulin beta-1 chain0022
FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ALR0001
Chain A, Adipocyte Lipid-binding Protein0011
Chain A, MUSCLE FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN0022
Chain A, MUSCLE FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN0022
Chain A, MUSCLE FATTY ACID BINDING PROTEIN0022
putative potassium channel subunit0011
serine-protein kinase ATM isoform a1001
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0011
DNA topoisomerase 10303
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10303
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta0001
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha1135
Interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha0101
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor0101
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-40101
Leukotriene B4 receptor 10101
Chain A, ARGINASE 10101
Chain A, Arginase 10101
Chain A, ARGINASE 10101
Chain A, L-ARGININE\\:GLYCINE AMIDINOTRANSFERASE0101
polyadenylate-binding protein 10101
bcl-2-related protein A10202
MBT domain-containing protein 10101
Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 40101
Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 30101
Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 10101
chaperonin GroEL1001
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Oxytocin receptor0011
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 10101
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 10112
Rhodopsin kinase GRK10101
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 50101
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 50101
P2X purinoceptor 40101
Rhodopsin kinase GRK10112
Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 10001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-19 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase 10001
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase SHV-10001
Beta-lactamase SHV-10001
Beta-lactamase OXA-100001
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase TEM0102
Beta-lactamase0001
B2 metallo-beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase IMP-1 0001
BlaVIM-1 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0303
protein AF-9 isoform a0001
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
Aldehyde oxidase 10101
Aldehyde oxidase 10101
Chain A, Immunoglobulin0011
Chain B, Immunoglobulin0011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50012
rac GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform a0101
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme 0101
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0101
5'-nucleotidase0101
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP0101
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 0101
Testosterone 17-beta-dehydrogenase 30101
Estrogen receptor 10101
fMet-Leu-Phe receptor0101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Protein kinase C alpha type0101
Proto-oncogene vav0011
Protein kinase C delta type0112
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 0011
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 20001
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 110001
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 0101
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 10101
Free fatty acid receptor 10011
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0101
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial0101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha0101
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial0101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma0112
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform0101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] 0202
CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 20101
luciferase0001
Glutamine synthetase0011
Mcl-10101
neutrophil cytosol factor 10101
Glutamate 5-kinase0001
Chloroquine resistance transporter0202
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Neuromedin-K receptor0011
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor0213
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0336
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0202
Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 10022
Pyridoxal kinase0001
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit0101
Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit 0101
Transcription factor p650101
Histidine-rich protein PFHRP-II0202
Multidrug resistance protein 1a0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5 cardiac isoform 0101
Chromaffin granule amine transporter0101
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter0213
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter0101
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR0011
Retinol-binding protein 40011
Beta-lactoglobulin0011
NS5 0022
Polymerase basic protein 20011
RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit0011
Polymerase acidic protein0011
Genome polyprotein0011
Chain A, 6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine Synthase0011
Chain B, 6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine Synthase0011
Chain H, Immunoglobulin Igg1 Heavy chain0011
Chain L, Immunoglobulin Igg1 Lambda Light Chain0011
Chain A, DODECIN0011
Chain A, DODECIN0011
Chain C, DODECIN0011
Chain E, DODECIN0011
Riboflavin-binding protein0112
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta0101
NH(3)-dependent NAD(+) synthetase0101
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta0101
Reverse transcriptase 0101
Diacylglycerol kinase alpha0101
Chain A, HIV-1 PROTEASE0101
Chain B, HIV-1 PROTEASE0101
Chain A, Endothiapepsin0101
Chain A, Endothiapepsin0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0101
Coagulation factor X0101
Sphingosine kinase 20202
Sphingosine kinase 10101
Chain A, Hiv-1 Protease0101
Chain B, Hiv-1 Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Protease0011
Chain B, Protease0011
Chain A, Erk20101
Leukotriene C4 synthase0011
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK40011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 250011
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit beta0011
Citron Rho-interacting kinase0112
Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO30011
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 70011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk10011
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0011
Peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK0011
Aurora kinase A0011
Cyclin-G-associated kinase0112
Serine/threonine-protein kinase DCLK10011
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha0011
Muscle, skeletal receptor tyrosine-protein kinase0011
Ephrin type-B receptor 60011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 20101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 130011
Death-associated protein kinase 30011
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 20112
NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 10011
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK20112
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE10011
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-40011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 160011
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing subunit gamma0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 30011
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 50011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 17B0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 100011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 140011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 60011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase OSR10011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 40011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 40011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk20011
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL10112
RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase0213
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fes/Fps0011
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn0011
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Ret0011
Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor0011
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase HCK0011
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fgr0011
Wee1-like protein kinase 20011
Uncharacterized serine/threonine-protein kinase SBK30011
Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-10011
Tyrosinase0101
Cyclin-dependent kinase 40011
Insulin receptor-related protein0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf0213
Phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, liver/testis isoform0011
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fer0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase MAK0011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 11B0011
Ephrin type-A receptor 10011
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-30011
Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK10011
Activin receptor type-2A0011
MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 30011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10022
Ephrin type-A receptor 30011
Ephrin type-A receptor 80011
Ephrin type-B receptor 20112
Leukocyte tyrosine kinase receptor0011
Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK20011
Wee1-like protein kinase0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO0011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 40011
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 40011
Dual specificity protein kinase TTK0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor Tie-10011
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 20213
Tyrosine-protein kinase CSK0011
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform0112
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform0011
Megakaryocyte-associated tyrosine-protein kinase0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase Tec0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase TXK0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL20011
Tyrosine-protein kinase FRK0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase ZAP-700011
Tyrosine-protein kinase SYK0011
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 40011
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 30011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 0112
MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 20011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 80011
Dual specificity protein kinase CLK10011
Dual specificity protein kinase CLK30011
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha0011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 70011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 90011
Tyrosine-protein kinase Blk0011
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 10011
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-30011
Cytoplasmic tyrosine-protein kinase BMX0011
cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit PRKX0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek20011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek30011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek40011
Tyrosine-protein kinase JAK30011
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 60011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK10011
Death-associated protein kinase 10011
LIM domain kinase 10011
LIM domain kinase 20011
Ephrin type-B receptor 30011
Ephrin type-A receptor 50011
Ephrin type-B receptor 40011
Ephrin type-B receptor 10011
Ephrin type-A receptor 40011
Hormonally up-regulated neu tumor-associated kinase0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK10011
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 40011
Cell division control protein 2 homolog0011
Calcium-dependent protein kinase 10011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 10101
Tubulin alpha-1A chain0011
Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 beta0011
SRSF protein kinase 20011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 90011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PknB0011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 30011
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 10011
Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 0011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 160011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 170011
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 10213
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 100011
Macrophage-stimulating protein receptor0011
Focal adhesion kinase 10011
Tyrosine-protein kinase BTK0011
Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor TYRO30011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 180011
Activated CDC42 kinase 10011
Epithelial discoidin domain-containing receptor 10011
Tyrosine-protein kinase ITK/TSK0011
Myotonin-protein kinase0112
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 20011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 120011
Tyrosine-protein kinase Mer0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 40011
Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 50011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 70011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 20011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 30011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 10011
cGMP-dependent protein kinase 20011
Rho-associated protein kinase 10011
Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TNK10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PRP4 homolog0011
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 10011
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma0011
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta0011
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A0011
Activin receptor type-2B0011
Protein-tyrosine kinase 60011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 130011
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 10011
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon0011
Protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta0011
Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 380011
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-40011
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-20011
Ephrin type-A receptor 70011
Dual specificity testis-specific protein kinase 10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase STK110011
NT-3 growth factor receptor0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase N10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase N20011
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV0011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 110011
BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor0011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 60011
Phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, skeletal muscle/heart isoform0011
Discoidin domain-containing receptor 20011
AP2-associated protein kinase 10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase SBK10011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 190011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase TNNI3K0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase MRCK alpha0011
P2X purinoceptor 70101
Serine/threonine-protein kinase MRCK gamma0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek50011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK30011
Dual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase0011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 150011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK20011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase tousled-like 20011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 32C0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-30011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase VRK20011
Myosin light chain kinase family member 40011
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 10011
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1D0011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 30011
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 30011
MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 50112
Serine/threonine-protein kinase BRSK20011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase NIM10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK20011
Misshapen-like kinase 10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase DCLK20011
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 10011
Casein kinase I isoform alpha-like0011
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 40011
Myosin-IIIa0011
Ankyrin repeat and protein kinase domain-containing protein 10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek110011
Atypical kinase COQ8A, mitochondrial0011
Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinase type-2 gamma0011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 150011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek90011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase BRSK10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 350011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek70011
Rhodopsin kinase GRK70011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 32A0011
Myosin-IIIb0011
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 20011
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 20011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk30011
Atypical kinase COQ8B, mitochondrial0011
MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 40011
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1G0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek10011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 150011
SRSF protein kinase 10011
Membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase0011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 50011
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 alpha0011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 30011
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO20011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 190011
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 60011
Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 330011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D20011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase DCLK30011
NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 20011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK20011
Myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle0011
STE20-like serine/threonine-protein kinase 0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO30011
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 20011
Tyrosine-protein kinase Srms0011
Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 30011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK30011
Dual specificity protein kinase CLK40011
MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 20011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase Nek60011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 60011
SNF-related serine/threonine-protein kinase0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS20011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 360112
BMP-2-inducible protein kinase0011
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 40011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 32B0011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 200011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK20011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase MARK10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-20011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 50011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 260011
eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN20011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase NLK0112
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 17A0011
STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase0011
Ephrin type-A receptor 60011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK10011
Death-associated protein kinase 20011
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-60011
TRAF2 and NCK-interacting protein kinase0112
Serine/threonine-protein kinase tousled-like 10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase TAO20011
ALK tyrosine kinase receptor0011
SRSF protein kinase 30011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase ICK0011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 11A0011
Aurora kinase C0011
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha0011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 38-like0011
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase 10011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK30011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 20011
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B0011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 50011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase MRCK beta0011
Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 30011
Serine/threonine-protein kinase 240011
Casein kinase I isoform gamma-30011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 40011
Orexin receptor type 10406
Orexin receptor type 20405
Adenylate cyclase type 60101
Adenylate cyclase type 3 0101
Adenylate cyclase type 90101
D(1) dopamine receptor0101
Adenylate cyclase type 70101
Adenylate cyclase type 20101
Adenylate cyclase type 40101
Pyruvate kinase PKM0112
Transcriptional activator protein LuxR0202
photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor0101
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase0101
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0101
Free fatty acid receptor 30011
Cereblon isoform 40101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor 0011
Sulfate anion transporter 10001
alternatively spliced Trp40011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E0101
sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 30101
Beta-casein0101
Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form0101
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0101
D(4) dopamine receptor0101
D(1B) dopamine receptor0101
Chain A, Mineralocorticoid receptor0101
Chain A, Mineralocorticoid receptor0101
Cathepsin B0101
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 30101
Thymidine kinase 2 0101
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecD0101
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecB0101
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecC0101
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic 0102
Neuromedin-K receptor0011
Substance-K receptor0112
Substance-K receptor0101
Substance-K receptor0101
Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 10011
Chain A, MALTOPORIN0011
Chain B, MALTOPORIN0011
Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase0101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Orexin receptor type 10101
Orexin receptor type 20101
Substance-K receptor0101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1B0011
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform0202
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP50101
Splicing factor 3B subunit 30202
Chain A, CES1 protein0101
Lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase0011
Steroid hormone receptor ERR10101
B2 bradykinin receptor0202
Estrogen-related receptor gamma0101
Phospholipase D1 0101
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase0202
Phospholipase D10101
Emopamil-binding protein-like0101
7-dehydrocholesterol reductase0112
Chain A, Pyridoxal kinase0101
Chain A, Pyridoxal Kinase0101
Chain A, ykoF0011
Chain B, ykoF0011
Chain A, ThiT0011
Thiamine transporter ThiT0011
Transketolase0011
Thiamine-binding periplasmic protein0011
Taste receptor type 2 member 380001
Cathepsin D 0101
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 10101
isocitrate dehydrogenase 1, partial1001
Thermolysin0202
Neprilysin0202
Neprilysin0202
Neprilysin0101
EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein0101
Neprilysin0101
Endothelin-converting enzyme 10202
Chain A, ODORANT-BINDING PROTEIN0101
Chain A, ODORANT-BINDING PROTEIN0101
Chain B, Odorant-binding Protein0101
Chain A, ODORANT-BINDING PROTEIN0101
Chain A, ODORANT-BINDING PROTEIN0101
Chain A, ODORANT-BINDING PROTEIN0101
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-10011
Chain X, Thyroid hormone receptor beta-10011
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen0101
Malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C10101
Monocarboxylate transporter 80001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C10001
Chain A, Protein (hiv-1 Protease)0101
Chain B, Protein (hiv-1 Protease)0101
Pepsin A-50101
Cathepsin E0101
Protein Rev 0011
Endolysin0011
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Cytochrome P450 2E10101
Cytochrome P450 4B10101
Cytochrome P450 2A70101
Cytochrome P450 2F10101
Cytochrome P450 2C180101
Cytochrome P450 4F80101
Cytochrome P450 4A110101
Cytochrome P450 4F30101
Cytochrome P450 4A220101
Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase0101
Cytochrome P450 2U10101
Cytochrome P450 2W10101
Cytochrome P450 2S10101
Cytochrome P450 3A43 0101
REST corepressor 30202
Chain A, HDLP (HISTONE DEACETYLASE-LIKE PROTEIN)0101
Chain B, HDLP (HISTONE DEACETYLASE-LIKE PROTEIN)0101
Chain A, Histone deacetylase 7a0101
Chain A, Histone deacetylase 7a0101
Histone deacetylase 80202
Histone deacetylase 0202
Lysine-specific demethylase 4E0202
unnamed protein product0001
Histone deacetylase 10404
Histone deacetylase 30101
Histone deacetylase 20101
Histone deacetylase 10202
Histone deacetylase 0202
Histone deacetylase 40101
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100101
Histone deacetylase 30202
Histone deacetylase-like amidohydrolase0415
Histone deacetylase 70101
Histone deacetylase 80101
Histone deacetylase 110101
HD2 type histone deacetylase HDA106 0404
Histone deacetylase 90101
Histone deacetylase 70202
Histone deacetylase 6 0202
Histone deacetylase 40202
Histone deacetylase 0202
Histone deacetylase 60202
Histone deacetylase 50101
Histone deacetylase 0202
Chain A, enoyl-acyl carrier reductase0101
Chain C, enoyl-acyl carrier reductase0101
Chain A, enoyl-acyl carrier reductase0101
Chain C, enoyl-acyl carrier reductase0101
Chain A, enoyl-acyl carrier reductase0101
Chain C, enoyl-acyl carrier reductase0101
Chain A, Repressor0011
twin arginine protein translocation system - TatA protein0001
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI0101
Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP0101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI0101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI0101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADPH] FabI0202
Enoyl-acyl carrier reductase0101
Enoyl-acyl-carrier protein reductase 0202
Enoyl-ACP reductase II 0101
Chain A, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein0011
Chain K, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein0011
Chain B, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain C, Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase II0011
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase0102
Tryprostatin B synthase0001
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase0011
Chain A, CHORISMATE MUTASE0101
Chain A, TYROSYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE0011
Tubulin--tyrosine ligase0101
Taste receptor type 2 member 140001
Malate dehydrogenase0101
Chymotrypsinogen B0101
Chain A, Uracil-DNA Glycosylase0101
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 90112
Chain A, Arginase 10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B70101
D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptidase0101
Transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha0101
Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase0101
Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial0101
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM330101
Sterol 14-alpha-demethylase0011
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial 0011
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
Chain A, Histone deacetylase-like amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Histone deacetylase-like amidohydrolase0101
PAX80001
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 70001
Gli10101
protein Wnt-3a precursor0101
Tubulin alpha-1A chain0101
Tubulin beta chain0101
Protein Tat0011
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX120001
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase0101
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 10101
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha0101
Apoptosis regulator BAX 0011
Renin0101
Histone deacetylase 0101
Carboxypeptidase B20101
M-phase inducer phosphatase 10101
Lysosomal alpha-glucosidase0101
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 10001
DNA polymerase beta0101
Thymidine kinase 0102
Thymidine kinase0102
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]