zolpidem profile

Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5732
CHEMBL ID	911
CHEBI ID	10125
SCHEMBL ID	80516
MeSH ID	M0140872

Synonym
BIDD:GT0785
bdbm26266
chembl911 ,
n,n-dimethyl-2-[6-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]acetamide
AKOS005560130
BRD-K44876623-001-01-1
sl-800750
n,n,6-trimethyl-2-p-tolylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetamide
zolpidemum [latin]
zolpidem [inn:ban]
imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine-3-acetamide, n,n,6-trimethyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-
BSPBIO_002278
z-100 ,
C07219
82626-48-0
zolpidem
zolpidem, >=98% (hplc), solid
n,n,6-trimethyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine-3-acetamide
DB00425
NCGC00095179-01
NCGC00095179-02
SPECTRUM1505369
NCGC00095179-04
NCGC00095179-03
zolpidem civ
sanval
zolpidem (inn)
sanval (tn)
D08690
CHEBI:10125 ,
zolpidemum
HMS1922F22
STK627113
cas-82626-48-0
tox21_111471
dtxcid5025946
dtxsid7045946 ,
n,n,6-trimethyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetamide
7k383oqi23 ,
sl800750
sl 800750
unii-7k383oqi23
sl 80-0750
zolpidem [vandf]
zolpidem [who-dd]
n,n,6-trimethyl-2-p-tolyl-imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine-3-acetamide
zolpidem [inn]
zolpidem civ [usp-rs]
zolpidem [mi]
[3h]zolpidem
gtpl4348
n,n-dimethyl-2-[6-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo[3,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]acetamide
gtpl4362
CCG-213403
AB00698471-07
CS-1468
HY-17441
SCHEMBL80516
tox21_111471_1
NCGC00095179-05
n,n,6-trimethyl-2-(4-methyl phenyl) imidazo [1,2-alpha] pyridine-3-acetamide
6-methyl-n,n-dimethyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-acetamide
n,n-dimethyl-2-[6-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]acetamide #
AB00698471_09
SR-01000763006-3
sr-01000763006
zolpidem ambien
AS-35386
Q218842
sl 800750; sl-800750; sl800750
BCP10205
n,n-dimethyl-2-[6-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]acetamide.
n,n-dimethyl-2-(6-methyl-2-p-tolyl-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-acetamide
n,n-dimethyl-2-[(4s)-6-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl]acetamide
n,n-dimethyl-2-(6-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)imidazo(1,2-a)pyridin-3-yl)acetamide
edlular
zolpidemum (latin)
zolpidem civ (usp-rs)
n05cf02

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Zolpidem (ZOL) is a short-acting hypnotic that is sometimes used in drug-facilitated crimes such as sexual assaults, robbery and homicides. "	( Simultaneous Analysis of Zolpidem, Four Hydroxyzolpidems and Two Zolpidem Carboxylic Acids in Postmortem Urine Using Liquid Chromatography--Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Kanawaku, Y; Ohno, Y; Yamaguchi, K, 2023)	2.66
"Zolpidem tartrate is a sedative-hypnotic drug used for the short-term treatment of insomnia in adults and its use has been implicated in many suicide cases worldwide."	( Impact of Hypnotic Drug Zolpidem Tartrate on the Development of Forensic Fly Sarcophaga ruficornis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Ahmed Al-Keridis, L; Al Galil, FMA; Al-Khalifa, MS; Al-Mekhlafi, FA; Wadaan, MA, 2022)	1.75
"Zolpidem (ZOL) is a hypnotic sometimes used in drug-facilitated crimes. "	( Qualitative analysis of 7- and 8-hydroxyzolpidem and discovery of novel zolpidem metabolites in postmortem urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Kanawaku, Y; Miyaguchi, H; Ohno, Y; Yamaguchi, K, 2022)	2.43
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine agent used for short-term treatment of insomnia. "	( Occurrence of involuntary movements after prolonged misuse of zolpidem: a case report. Barbuti, M; Ceravolo, R; Lattanzi, L; Perugi, G; Ricciardulli, S, 2023)	2.59
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent used most frequently in the treatment of insomnia, indicated for short-term use. "	( Zolpidem dependence and withdrawal. A case report of generalized seizures. Barbosa Eyler, GE; Utria Castro, JV, )	3.02
"Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine indirect GABA A receptor agonist, which has lately been used as a therapeutic agent for PGAD in some cases."	( Zolpidem related persistent genital arousal disorder: An interesting case. Ferenidou, F; Mourikis, I; Sotiropoulou, P; Vaidakis, N, )	2.3
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent which has been shown to be effective in inducing and maintaining sleep in adults and is one of the most frequently prescribed hypnotics in the world. "	( The use of PBPK/PD to establish clinically relevant dissolution specifications for zolpidem immediate release tablets. Dressman, JB; Fotaki, N; McAllister, M; Paraiso, RLM; Rose, RH, 2020)	2.23
"Zolpidem is a clinically effective hypnotic medication for treating chronic insomnia. "	( Impetuous suicidality with zolpidem use: a case report and minireview. Brady, M; Cunningham, MG, 2021)	2.36
"Zolpidem tartrate is a sedative-hypnotic compound commonly used to treat anxiety and sleeping disorders, but it is associated with death from suicide."	( Effect of Zolpidem Tartrate on the Developmental Rate of Forensically Important Flies Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Chrysomya saffranea. Abd Al Galil, FM; Al-Keridis, LA; Al-Khalifa, MS; Al-Mekhlafi, FA; Al-Shuraym, LA; Alhag, SK; Ali El Hadi Mohamed, R; Wadaan, MA, 2021)	1.75
"Zolpidem is a sedative that could be used to drug victims, but its suitability to dissolve in drinks is unknown. "	( The Appearance, Taste, and Concentrations of Zolpidem Dissolved in Still Water and Carbonated Beverages. Brochmann, GW; Heide, G; Hjelmeland, K; Høiseth, G; Karinen, R, 2018)	2.18
"Zolpidem is a short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic that has been approved by the Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) for aircrew sleep management since 2005. "	( Zolpidem as a Sleep Aid for Military Aviators. See, B; Sen Kew, G, 2018)	3.37
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drug with a high affinity to the α1 subunit of the gamma amino butyric acid A receptor It is the first pharmacological option in the short-term management of sleep-onset insomnia. "	( Severe Chronic Abuse of Zolpidem in Refractory Insomnia. Bianco, G; Castelnovo, A; Chiaro, G; Maffei, P; Manconi, M, 2018)	2.23
"Zolpidem is a short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drug that is administered orally and has quick onset of action (~15 minutes), and 2-3 hour duration."	( A comparison of midazolam and zolpidem as oral premedication in children, a prospective randomized double-blinded clinical trial. Andrews, G; Applegate, RL; Austin, B; Cano, S; Hanna, AH; Leiter, P; Ramsingh, D; Sullivan-Lewis, W; Wallace, D, 2018)	1.49
"Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic drug commonly used to treat sleep disorders."	( Unexpected effect of Zolpidem in a patient with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Furuhashi, Y, 2019)	1.55
"Zolpidem is an effective medicine to restore brain function in patients in vegetative state after brain injury, especially for those whose brain injuries are mainly in non-brain-stem areas. "	( Zolpidem arouses patients in vegetative state after brain injury: quantitative evaluation and indications. Cai, K; Chen, D; Du, B; Shan, A; Zhang, Y; Zhong, X, 2014)	3.29
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine drug used for the therapy of insomnia, which has selectivity for stimulating the effect of GABA-A receptors. "	( Zolpidem induces paradoxical metabolic and vascular changes in a patient with PVS. Alvarez, L; Carballo, M; Carrick, FR; Chinchilla, M; DeFina, P; Estevez, M; Machado, C; Pavon, N; Perez-Nellar, J; Rodriguez-Rojas, R, 2013)	3.28
"Zolpidem is a short acting hypnotic agent commonly used in the treatment of insomnia."	( Sibutramine-associated psychotic symptoms and zolpidem-induced complex behaviours: implications for patient safety. Cubała, WJ; Jakuszkowiak-Wojten, K; Krysta, K; Landowski, J; Nowak, P; Wiglusz, MS, 2013)	1.37
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug acting preferentially at α1-containing GABAA receptors expressed in various parts of the brain, including the basal ganglia. "	( Pharmacological characteristics of zolpidem-induced catalepsy in the rat. Bienkowski, P; Kolaczkowski, M; Korkosz, A; Kostowski, W; Mierzejewski, P; Nowak, N; Samochowiec, J; Scinska, A; Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, H, 2013)	2.11
"Zolpidem is a widely prescribed anti-insomnia agent. "	( Pediatric zolpidem ingestion demonstrating zero-order kinetics treated with flumazenil. Carstairs, SD; Negus, E; Thornton, SL, 2013)	2.23
"Zolpidem is a short-acting, non-benzodiazepine hypnotic that acts as a full agonist at α1-containing GABAA receptors. "	( The effects of repeated zolpidem treatment on tolerance, withdrawal-like symptoms, and GABAA receptor mRNAs profile expression in mice: comparison with diazepam. Gluszek, CF; Heldt, SA; Wright, BT, 2014)	2.15
"Zolpidem is a positive allosteric modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with preferential binding affinity and efficacy for α1-subunit containing GABA(A) receptors (α1-GABA(A)Rs). "	( The behavioral pharmacology of zolpidem: evidence for the functional significance of α1-containing GABA(A) receptors. Fitzgerald, AC; Heldt, SA; Wright, BT, 2014)	2.13
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug for treatment of insomnia. "	( Zolpidem abuse and dependency in an elderly patient with major depressive disorder: a case report. Malakouti, SK; Pourshams, M, 2014)	3.29
"Zolpidem is a short-acting non-benzodiazepine hypnotic that is used to improve sleep architecture in patients with burn injuries. "	( Relationship between zolpidem concentrations and sleep parameters in pediatric burn patients. Gottschlich, MM; Healy, D; Kagan, RJ; Khoury, JC; Mayes, T; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C, )	1.89
"Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine sedative hypnotic drug used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. "	( Analysis of zolpidem in postmortem fluids and tissues using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Lewis, RJ; Ritter, RM; Thompson, KS, 2014)	2.22
"Zolpidem tartrate is a non-benzodiazepine analogue of imidazopyridine of sedative and hypnotic category. "	( Development of modified-release tablets of zolpidem tartrate by biphasic quick/slow delivery system. Mahapatra, AK; Murthy, PN; Sameeraja, NH, 2015)	2.12
"Zolpidem is a widely used ultrashort-acting non-benzodiazepine in clinical practice; compared with benzodiazepines, it does not have side effects such as daytime hangover, rebound insomnia, and development of tolerance. "	( [An Autopsy Case of Abnormal Behaviour Induced by Zolpidem]. Ikeda, N; Kudo, K; Sameshima, N; Sato, K; Tsuji, A; Usumoto, Y, 2015)	2.11
"Zolpidem is a representative of non-benzodiazepine hypnotics. "	( Zolpidem use and risk of fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lee, DR; Lee, J; Park, SM; Ryu, J; Shin, D; Yun, JM, 2016)	3.32
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep initiation. "	( Zolpidem Mucoadhesive Formulations for Intranasal Delivery: Characterization, In Vitro Permeability, Pharmacokinetics, and Nasal Ciliotoxicity in Rats. Ho, T; Lee, B; Li, M; Qian, S; Toh, M; Wang, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhou, L; Zuo, Z, 2016)	3.32
"Zolpidem is a hypnotic medication that mainly exerts its function through activating γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors. "	( Involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and the opioid system in the anticonvulsive effect of zolpidem in mice. Amiri, S; Dehdashtian, A; Dehpour, AR; Ghasemi, M; Ostadhadi, S; Sheikhi, M; Shirzadian, A, 2016)	2.09
"Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic used to treat insomnia that has also been observed to paradoxically improve arousal in those with DOC, such as the vegetative or minimally conscious states."	( Improved Arousal and Motor Function Using Zolpidem in a Patient With Space-Occupying Intracranial Lesions: A Case Report. Bomalaski, MN; Smith, SR, 2017)	1.44
"Zolpidem is a short-acting non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug that belongs to the imidazopyridine class. "	( Zolpidem's use for insomnia. Buttoo, K; Monti, JM; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Spence, DW, 2017)	3.34
"Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine sedative/hypnotic that acts at GABA(A) receptors to influence inhibitory neurotransmission throughout the central nervous system. "	( A therapeutic dose of zolpidem reduces thalamic GABA in healthy volunteers: a proton MRS study at 4 T. Jensen, JE; Licata, SC; Lukas, SE; Penetar, DM; Prescot, AP; Renshaw, PF, 2009)	2.11
"Zolpidem is a hypnotic medication approved to manage sleep for crewmembers involved in combat operations in the USAF and other services. "	( Zolpidem in fatigue management for surge operations of remotely piloted aircraft. Van Camp, RO, 2009)	3.24
"The zolpidem test is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic test."	( Catatonia recognition and treatment. Consoli, SM; Cottencin, O; Danel, T; Goudemand, M; Thomas, P, 2009)	0.83
"Zolpidem is an imidazopiridine with hypnotic properties. "	( [Zolpidem dependence and withdrawal seizure]. Ansseau, M; Pitchot, W, )	2.48
"Zolpidem (Ambien) is a non-benzodiazepine prescription drug that is used to treat insomnia and is often preferred over the commonly used benzodiazepines due to a lesser side effect profile."	( Development of a homogeneous immunoassay for the detection of zolpidem in urine. Barhate, R; Catbagan, P; Coulter, C; Huynh, K; Moore, C; Rodrigues, W; Soares, J; Wang, G, 2009)	1.31
"Zolpidem is a widely used hypnotic drug acting via benzodiazepine binding sites on GABA(A) receptors. "	( Zolpidem is a potent anticonvulsant in adult and aged mice. Pericić, D; Vlainić, J, 2010)	3.25
"Zolpidem is a hypnotic which acts at the GABAA receptor and is indicated for short-term insomnia. "	( Zolpidem-induced sleepwalking, sleep related eating disorder, and sleep-driving: fluorine-18-flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography analysis, and a literature review of other unexpected clinical effects of zolpidem. Chesson, AL; Hoque, R, 2009)	3.24
"Zolpidem is a relatively weak mechanism-based inactivator of human CYP3A in vitro. "	( In vitro-in vivo extrapolation of zolpidem as a perpetrator of metabolic interactions involving CYP3A. Elliot, DJ; Miners, JO; Polasek, TM; Sadagopal, JS, 2010)	2.08
"Zolpidem is a short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic used for the treatment of insomnia. "	( Identification and quantitation of zolpidem in biological matrices using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Harryman, LA; Norton, MC; Rohrig, TP, 2010)	2.08
"Zolpidem is a widely prescribed sleep aid with relative selectivity for GABA(A) receptors containing alpha1-3 subunits. "	( Zolpidem modulation of phasic and tonic GABA currents in the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. Gao, H; Smith, BN, 2010)	3.25
"Zolpidem is a hypnotic drug used in sleep disorders. "	( [Sleep related eating disorders as a side effect of zolpidem]. Alvarez, F; Cristiano, E; Martínez, OA; Reisin, RC; Valiensi, SM, 2010)	2.05
"Zolpidem is an imidazo-pyridine compound that enhances the GABA(A) receptor function by interaction with Omega-1 receptor subtype."	( Role of zolpidem in the management of insomnia. Dang, A; Garg, A; Rataboli, PV, 2011)	1.52
"Zolpidem (Stilnox) is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug of the imidazopyridine class intended for treatment of insomnia in humans. "	( Zolpidem poisoning in a cat. Czopowicz, M; Frymus, T; Szalus-Jordanow, O, 2010)	3.25
"Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic with a favorable adverse effect profile. "	( Coma with absent brainstem reflexes resulting from zolpidem overdose. Balagani, R; Factor, P; Kuzniar, TJ; Mutlu, GM; Radigan, KA, )	1.83
"Zolpidem is a hypnotic drug that binds to γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors but lacks consistently demonstrable anxiolytic efficacy."	( Emergence of anti-conflict effects of zolpidem in rhesus monkeys following extended post-injection intervals. Kehne, JH; Maynard, GD; Rowlett, JK; Sprenger, KJ, 2011)	2.08
"Zolpidem (Ambien) is a nonbenzodiazepine GABA-A receptor modulator that binds with high affinity to GABA-A receptors expressing alpha-1 subunits."	( Zolpidem-induced changes in activity, metabolism, and anxiety in rats. Ihekoronze, C; Murphy, HM; Wideman, CH, 2011)	2.53
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine with marked sedative-hypnotic effect and it has the same mechanism of action like benzodiazepines."	( Effects of Alprazolam, Zolpidem and Zopiclone, and of chronic inflammation on peripheral experimental algesia in Wistar rats. Antonescu, A; Bogdan, M; Dobjanschi, L; Moş, I; Mureşan, M; Muţiu, G; Zdrîncă, M, 2011)	1.4
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine property which binds selectively to the ?1-GABAA receptors, and has been widely prescribed to patients suffering from insomnia. "	( Zolpidem dependence and withdrawal seizure--report of two cases. Chu, CL; Juang, YY; Ree, SC; Wang, LJ, 2011)	3.25
"Zolpidem is a short-acting imidazopyridine hypnotic that binds at the benzodiazepine binding site on specific GABA(A) receptors to enhance fast inhibitory neurotransmission. "	( Zolpidem reduces the blood oxygen level-dependent signal during visual system stimulation. Licata, SC; Lowen, SB; Lukas, SE; Maclean, RR; Trksak, GH, 2011)	3.25
"Zolpidem tartarate is a non-benzodiazepine, sedative-hypnotic, which finds its major use in various types of insomnia. "	( Design and in vitro evaluation of multiparticulate floating drug delivery system of zolpidem tartarate. Amrutkar, PP; Chaudhari, PD; Patil, SB, 2012)	2.05
"Zolpidem is a widely prescribed nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic medication available in the United States since 1992. "	( "I did what?" Zolpidem and the courts. Binder, RL; Daley, C; McNiel, DE, 2011)	2.17
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine agonist at benzodiazepine binding site in GABA(A) receptors, which is increasingly prescribed. "	( Differential effects of short- and long-term zolpidem treatment on recombinant α1β2γ2s subtype of GABA(A) receptors in vitro. Jembrek, MJ; Peričić, D; Strac, DŠ; Vlainić, J; Vlainić, T, 2012)	2.08
"Zolpidem (ZPD) is an imidazopyridine hypnotic and little is known about the pharmacogenetics of ZPD. "	( CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms and zolpidem metabolism in the Chinese Han population: a pilot study. Shen, M; Shi, Y; Xiang, P, 2013)	2.09
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic used in the short-term treatment of insomnia. "	( Sublingual zolpidem (Edluar™; Sublinox™). Deeks, ED; Yang, LP, 2012)	2.21
"Zolpidem (ZPD) is an imidazopyridine derivative used as a new type of hypnotic and is commonly used in drug-facilitated crimes. "	( A rapid and accurate UPLC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of zolpidem and its main metabolites in biological fluids and its application in a forensic context. Shen, B; Shen, M; Shi, Y; Xiang, P, 2012)	2.05
"Zolpidem is a positive modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptors, and engenders sedative effects that may be explained in part by how it modulates intrinsic brain activity."	( The hypnotic zolpidem increases the synchrony of BOLD signal fluctuations in widespread brain networks during a resting paradigm. Licata, SC; Lowen, SB; Lukas, SE; Maclean, RR; Nickerson, LD; Trksak, GH, 2013)	1.48
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine, which acts at the benzodiacepine omega1 receptor subtype. "	( [Abuse, tolerance and dependence of zolpidem: three case reports]. Barbudo Del Cura, E; Braquehais Conesa, D; Correas Lauffer, J; Ochoa Mangada, E, )	1.85
"Zolpidem is a rapid-onset, short-duration, quickly eliminated imidazopyridine hypnotic. "	( Potentiation of muscimol-induced long-term depression by benzodiazepines but not zolpidem. Akhondzadeh, S; Kashani, L; Mohammadi, MR, 2002)	1.98
"Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine GABA(A) receptor modulator that binds in vitro with high affinity to GABA(A) receptors expressing alpha(1) subunits but with relatively low affinity to receptors expressing alpha(2), alpha(3), and alpha(5) subunits. "	( Dose-dependent EEG effects of zolpidem provide evidence for GABA(A) receptor subtype selectivity in vivo. Danhof, M; Peletier, LA; van der Graaf, PH; Visser, SA; Wolters, FL, 2003)	2.05
"Zolpidem is a short-acting imidazopyridine hypnotic that is an agonist at the gamma-aminobutyric acid A type (GABAA) receptor. "	( Zolpidem dependence case series: possible neurobiological mechanisms and clinical management. Christodoulou, GN; Dimopoulos, NP; Gitsa, OE; Liappas, AI; Liappas, IA; Malitas, PN; Nikolaou, ChK, 2003)	3.2
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine hypnotic that is believed to act selectively at alpha(1) subunit-containing gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors and thus to have minimal abuse and dependence potential. "	( Three cases of zolpidem dependence treated with fluoxetine: the serotonin hypothesis. Christodoulou, GN; Dimopoulos, NP; Gitsa, OE; Liappas, AI; Liappas, IA; Malitas, PN; Nikolaou, CK, 2003)	2.11
"Zolpidem is a new hypnotic that is supposed to have fewer side effects than traditional benzodiazepines. "	( A novel clinical pattern of visual hallucination after zolpidem use. Huang, YB; Tsai, MJ; Wu, PC, 2003)	2.01
"Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine medication approved for the short-term treatment of insomnia. "	( Detoxification from high-dose zolpidem using diazepam. Eraikhuemen, NE; Kearson, ML; Lanes, DM; Larose-Pierre, M; Payne, DR; Rappa, LR, 2004)	2.05
"Zolpidem is a sedative and hypnotic drug belonging to imidazopyridine family. "	( [Dependence on zolpidem: a report of two cases]. Benmoussa, N; Boulanger-Rostowsky, L; Fayet, H; Ferrandi, J, )	1.93
"Zolpidem (ZLP) is an imidazopyridine that binds to GABA receptors. "	( Improvement of blepharospasm with Zolpidem. Arakaki, T; Bueri, JA; Garretto, NS; Mancuso, M; Nano, GV; Rey, RD, 2004)	2.05
"Zolpidem is a widely used hypnotic that binds preferentially to alpha1GABAA receptors. "	( Sleep EEG changes after zolpidem in mice. Kopp, C; Rudolph, U; Tobler, I, 2004)	2.07
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine which binds to certain benzodiazepine receptor types with varying degrees of affinity. "	( Evidence for zolpidem-induced hyperphagia, but not anxiolysis, in a successive negative contrast paradigm. Flaherty, CF; Mitchell, CP; Ost, ML, 2004)	2.14
"Zolpidem is a relatively new nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic. "	( Sleep-related vagotonic effect of zolpidem in rats. Chen, HY; Kuo, TB; Lai, CJ; Shaw, FZ; Yang, CC, 2005)	2.05
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug, acts selectively through omega 1 receptors of GABAA. "	( Zolpidem at supratherapeutic doses can cause drug abuse, dependence and withdrawal seizure. Khandelwal, DC; Sethi, PK, 2005)	3.21
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine agent indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. "	( One rare side effect of zolpidem--sleepwalking: a case report. Dollear, M; Muthukrishnan, SR; Yang, W, 2005)	2.08
"Zolpidem is a hypnotic benzodiazepine site agonist with some gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptor subtype selectivity. "	( Loss of zolpidem efficacy in the hippocampus of mice with the GABAA receptor gamma2 F77I point mutation. Capogna, M; Cope, DW; Ferraguti, F; Halbsguth, C; Hoeger, H; Karayannis, T; Korpi, ER; Leppä, E; Linden, AM; Oberto, A; Ogris, W; Sieghart, W; Somogyi, P; Wisden, W; Wulff, P, 2005)	2.21
"Zolpidem is a hypnotic drug that is chemically distinct from benzodiazepines (BDZ). "	( Dependence on zolpidem: two case reports of detoxification with flumazenil infusion. Fornasiero, A; Gerra, G; Lechi, A; Lugoboni, F; Mezzelani, P; Quaglio, G, 2005)	2.13
"Zolpidem is a GABA (A) agonist, which is indicated for the short-term management of insomnia. "	( Abnormal auditory N400 in a case of zolpidem dependence, during a working memory test. Liappas, IA; Papageorgiou, CC; Rabavilas, AD, 2006)	2.05
"Zolpidem is a selective agonist of the benzodiazepine receptor subtype BZ1 and has a distinct pharmacological profile compared to diazepam."	( Selective and nonselective benzodiazepine agonists have different effects on motor cortex excitability. Bogdanova, D; Bufler, J; Dengler, R; Kossev, A; Krampfl, K; Mohammadi, B; Petri, S, 2006)	1.06
"Zolpidem CR is a dual-layered tablet; one layer releases zolpidem immediately and a second layer provides a slower release of additional zolpidem for maintenance of plasma zolpidem concentrations."	( Zolpidem extended-release. Moen, MD; Plosker, GL, 2006)	2.5
"Zolpidem is an omega 1 specific indirect GABA agonist that is used for insomnia, but may have efficacy in brain damage. "	( Drug induced arousal from the permanent vegetative state. Clauss, R; Nel, W, 2006)	1.78
"Zolpidem is a short acting hypnotic drug belonging to imidazopyridine family. "	( Seizure following sudden zolpidem withdrawal. Cubała, WJ; Landowski, J, 2007)	2.09
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine agonist with a high affinity on the benzodiazepine site of GABA(A) receptors containing alpha 1 subunit."	( Zolpidem modulates GABA(A) receptor function in subthalamic nucleus. Chen, L; Fung, KS; Xie, JX; Yung, WH, 2007)	2.5
"Zolpidem is a selective GABAAalpha1 receptor modulator used for its hypnotic-sedative properties. "	( Compulsive activity and anterograde amnesia after zolpidem use. Huang, YB; Tsai, MJ; Tsai, YH, 2007)	2.04
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic that has been implicated in both drug-facilitated sexual assault and drink spiking. "	( A simple and rapid method for the identification of zolpidem carboxylic acid in urine. Lewis, JH; Vine, JH, 2007)	2.03
"Zolpidem is a positive allosteric modulator of GABA(A) receptors with sensitivity to subunit composition. "	( Replacement of histidine in position 105 in the α₅ subunit by cysteine stimulates zolpidem sensitivity of α₅β₂γ₂ GABA(A) receptors. Baur, R; Sigel, E, 2007)	2.01
"Zolpidem is a selective agonist of the benzodiazepine subtype receptor BZ1. "	( Zolpidem therapy for movement disorders. Abe, K, 2008)	3.23
"Zolpidem is a unique nonbenzodiazepine sedative hypnotic drug that selectively binds to omega-1 gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in the brain. "	( Transient reversal of anoxic brain injury-related minimally conscious state after zolpidem administration: a case report. Ring, H; Shames, JL, 2008)	2.01
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine which binds specifically to the omega 1 receptor. "	( EEG profile of intravenous zolpidem in healthy volunteers. Bianchetti, G; Court, LA; Dubruc, C; Morselli, PL; Patat, A; Rosenzweig, P; Thebault, JJ; Trocherie, S, 1994)	2.03
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine with a pharmacological and behavioral profile that differs from that of the benzodiazepine hypnotics."	( Effects of chronic treatment with triazolam on operant responding in rats. Cohen, C; Sanger, DJ, 1994)	1.01
"Zolpidem is a new imidazopyridine-hypnotic that selectively binds to the central omega 1-receptor subtype. "	( Flumazenil antagonizes the central effects of zolpidem, an imidazopyridine hypnotic. Dubruc, C; Forster, A; Naef, MM; Patat, A; Rosenzweig, P; van Gessel, E, 1994)	1.99
"Zolpidem is a new short acting hypnotic agent, first launched in France in 1988. "	( Acute zolpidem poisoning--analysis of 344 cases. Azoyan, P; Chaumet-Riffaud, AE; Efthymiou, ML; Garnier, R; Guerault, E; Muzard, D, 1994)	2.21
"Zolpidem is a short-acting, nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic with rapid onset of action. "	( A multicenter, placebo-controlled study evaluating zolpidem in the treatment of chronic insomnia. Roth, T; Scharf, MB; Vogel, GW; Walsh, JK, 1994)	1.98
"Zolpidem is a new imidazopyridine hypnotic with a pharmacological profile substantially different from benzodiazepines. "	( [Abrupt shift to zolpidem, a new imidazopyridine hypnotic, in insomniac patients previously treated with benzodiazepine hypnotics]. Biondi, F; Casadei, GL; Ciapparelli, A; Colombo, C; Cuccato, G; Levi-Minzi, A; Lorizio, A; Maggioni, M; Siciliano, G; Silvestri, R, 1993)	2.07
"Zolpidem is a rapid-onset, short-duration imidazopyridine hypnotic drug and is specific agonist of the omega-1 (BZD1) receptors. "	( Comparison of the effects of zolpidem and triazolam on memory functions, psychomotor performances, and postural sway in healthy subjects. Bagot, C; Berlin, I; Hergueta, T; Molinier, P; Puech, AJ; Warot, D, 1993)	2.02
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine which differs in structure from the benzodiazepines and zopiclone. "	( Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem. Therapeutic implications. Costa, J; Salvà, P, 1995)	1.99
"Zolpidem is a new sleep inducer belonging to the imidazopyridine class. "	( Direct determination of zolpidem and its main metabolites in urine using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Blaschke, G; Hempel, G, 1996)	2.04
"Zolpidem (Ambien) is an imidazopyridine hypnotic recently introduced in the USA. "	( Acute overdose of zolpidem. Janssen, JK; Rafizadeh, V; Rozin, L; Wahba, WW; Winek, CL, 1996)	2.07
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine hypnotic that is biochemically distinct from classic benzodiazepine agonists in that it may be selective for the BZ1 receptor subtype and shows a different pattern of distribution of binding sites. "	( Zolpidem, triazolam, and temazepam: behavioral and subject-rated effects in normal volunteers. Griffiths, RR; Rush, CR, 1996)	3.18
"Zolpidem is reported to be a safe and effective hypnotic agent for the short-term treatment of insomnia. "	( Zolpidem-induced psychosis. Brewerton, TD; Markowitz, JS, 1996)	3.18
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic whose actions are mediated at the central GABA-A receptor complex. "	( Zolpidem dependence in a patient with former polysubstance abuse. Bottlender, R; Möller, HJ; Schütz, C; Soyka, M, 1997)	3.18
"Zolpidem is a hypnotic which appears to cause less global impairment than benzodiazepines during peak effect, and is free of persistent performance decrement or hangover effect. "	( Zolpidem as a fatigue countermeasure. Mcglohn, SE; Ramsey, CS, 1997)	3.18
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine sedative-hypnotic which interacts with central benzodiazepine-receptors. "	( Uterine relaxant effect of zolpidem: a comparison with other smooth muscle relaxants. Alvarez de Sotomayor, M; Herrera, MD; Marhuenda, E; Perez-Guerrero, C, )	1.87
"Zolpidem is a short-acting imidazopyridine hypnotic drug that is metabolized mainly by CYP3A4. "	( Rifampin reduces plasma concentrations and effects of zolpidem. Kivistö, KT; Luurila, H; Neuvonen, PJ; Villikka, K, 1997)	1.99
"Zolpidem is a short-acting imidazopyridine hypnotic which is biotransformed in humans mainly by CYP3A4. "	( Effect of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem. Kivistö, KT; Luurila, H; Neuvonen, PJ, 1998)	1.98
"Zolpidem (Ambien) is a sedative believed to act exclusively at the benzodiazepine omega 1 receptor. "	( Zolpidem-associated hallucinations and serotonin reuptake inhibition: a possible interaction. Burgess, JL; Elko, CJ; Robertson, WO, 1998)	3.19
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine hypnotic with preferential binding affinity for the omega1-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor. "	( Selective effects of zolpidem on human memory functions. Griffiths, RR; Mintzer, MZ, 1999)	2.07
"Zolpidem is an hypnotic drug that belongs to the imidazopyridine family. "	( [Abuse of and dependence on zolpidem: a report of seven cases]. Boulenger, JP; Castelnau, D; Courtet, P; Pignay, V, )	1.87
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine agent that is indicated for the short term (< or = 4 weeks) treatment of insomnia (recommended dosage 10 mg/day in adults and 5 or 10 mg/day in the elderly or patients with hepatic impairment). "	( Zolpidem: an update of its pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of insomnia. Goa, KL; Holm, KJ, 2000)	3.19
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine with high affinity at gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptors expressing alpha1 subunits. "	( Transduction of the discriminative stimulus effects of zolpidem by GABA(A)/alpha1 receptors. Lelas, S; Rowlett, JK; Spealman, RD, 2000)	2
"Zolpidem is a widely used hypnotic agent acting at the GABA(A) receptor benzodiazepine site. "	( Mechanism of action of the hypnotic zolpidem in vivo. Crestani, F; Martin, JR; Möhler, H; Rudolph, U, 2000)	2.02
"Zolpidem is a highly effective and safe medication for different type dyssomnia treatment that can be recommended for application in general clinical practice."	( [Zolpidem (ivadal) treatment of sleep disorders]. Aleksandrovskiĭ, IuA; Androsova, VV, 2001)	1.94
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent with a chemical structure of imidazopyridine. "	( [Pharmacological profile and clinical effect of zolpidem (Myslee tablets), a hypnotic agent]. Shirakawa, K, 2002)	2.01
"Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic of the imidazopyridine class that is used to treat insomnia in humans. "	( Clinical syndrome associated with zolpidem ingestion in dogs: 33 cases (January 1998-July 2000). Albretsen, JC; Gwaltney-Brant, SM; Khan, SA; Porter, JA; Richardson, JA, )	1.85
"Zolpidem is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent belonging to a new class of psychotropic drugs the imidazopyridines which enhance the GABAA receptor function by interacting with a specific receptor population. "	( [Contribution of zolpidem in the management of sleep disorders]. Benavides, J; Lavoisy, J; Perrault, GH; Robert, P; Zivkovic, B, )	1.91
"Zolpidem is a new, short-acting hypnotic of imidazopyridine structure which binds selectively to a subpopulation of receptors involved in the action of benzodiazepines [omega 1 (BZ1) sites of the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors]. "	( Lack of tolerance and physical dependence upon repeated treatment with the novel hypnotic zolpidem. Morel, E; Perrault, G; Sanger, DJ; Zivkovic, B, 1992)	1.95
"Zolpidem is a recently introduced short-acting imidazopyridine hypnotic, binding to a subunit of the benzodiazepine 1 receptor."	( Effects of zolpidem and flunitrazepam on nocturnal sleep of women subjectively complaining of insomnia. Declerck, AC; O'Hanlon, JF; Ruwe, F; Vermeeren, A; Wauquier, A, 1992)	1.39
"Zolpidem is a recently introduced sleep-inducer which is thought to act on the central-type benzodiazepine receptors. "	( Zolpidem intoxication mimicking narcotic overdose: response to flumazenil. Askenasi, R; De Witte, O; Debailleul, G; Lheureux, P, 1990)	3.16
"Zolpidem (Stilnox) is a new hypnotic belonging to the imidazopyridine series. "	( [A specific domain (the omega 1 site) of the GABA(A) receptor may be implicated in the hypnotic effects of zolpidem]. Arbilla, S; Benavides, J; Depoortere, H; Langer, SZ; Perrault, G; Sanger, D; Scatton, B; Zivkovic, B, )	1.79
"Zolpidem is an effective hypnotic with a rapid onset and short duration of action which may be an alternative to midazolam for premedication."	( Preoperative sedation before regional anaesthesia: comparison between zolpidem, midazolam and placebo. Forster, A; Gamulin, Z; Praplan-Pahud, J; Sauvanet, JP; Tassonyi, E, 1990)	1.23
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine, a chemically novel nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic agent which acts at the benzodiazepine omega 1-receptor subtype in the brain. "	( Zolpidem. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. Benfield, P; Langtry, HD, 1990)	3.16
"Zolpidem is a novel hypnotic drug which possesses preferential affinity, under in vitro conditions, for the omega 1 (BZD1) subtype of BZD binding sites. "	( In vivo interaction of zolpidem with central benzodiazepine (BZD) binding sites (as labeled by [3H]Ro 15-1788) in the mouse brain. Preferential affinity of zolpidem for the omega 1 (BZD1) subtype. Benavides, J; Dubois, A; Morel, E; Peny, B; Perrault, G; Scatton, B; Zivkovic, B, 1988)	2.03
"Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug which displaces benzodiazepines from their binding sites in different brain structures. "	( The discriminative stimulus properties of zolpidem, a novel imidazopyridine hypnotic. Sanger, DJ; Zivkovic, B, 1986)	1.98
"Zolpidem is a novel non-benzodiazepine related hypnotic, which possesses an imidazopyridine structure. "	( Pharmacological profile of the imidazopyridine zolpidem at benzodiazepine receptors and electrocorticogram in rats. Arbilla, S; Depoortere, H; George, P; Langer, SZ, 1985)	1.97
"Zolpidem is a new imidazopyridine derivative acting as a hypnotic which may be prescribed with H2 receptor antagonists in patients with peptic ulcer. "	( Lack of interaction between zolpidem and H2 antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine. Desager, JP; Guillet, P; Harvengt, C; Hermann, P; Hulhoven, R; Thiercelin, JF, 1988)	2.01

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Zolpidem has a potency to be abused with high risk of dependency and withdrawal syndromes particularly among elderly patients with comorbid anxiety/depressive symptoms/disorders."	( Zolpidem abuse and dependency in an elderly patient with major depressive disorder: a case report. Malakouti, SK; Pourshams, M, 2014)	3.29
"Zolpidem has a rapid onset of action and short elimination half-life, rendering it ideal as a sleep aid."	( The incidence of Zolpidem use in suspected DUI drivers in Miami-Dade Florida: a comparative study using immunalysis Zolpidem ELISA KIT and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry screening. Gennaro, W; Reidy, L; Steele, BW; Walls, HC, 2008)	1.41
"Zolpidem has a hypnotic activity without disturbing psychomotor and physical performance on the following day when given to healthy adults, suggesting zolpidem may be used in healthy athletes to adjust their extrinsic sleep disturbances and their consecutive psychomotor and physical impairments."	( Acute effects of zolpidem on daytime alertness, psychomotor and physical performance. Inomata, S; Ito, SU; Kanbayashi, T; Kondo, H; Nishino, S; Shimizu, T; Szilagyi, G; Takemura, T, 2007)	1.4
"Zolpidem has an imidazopyridine structure and possesses a rapid onset of action and a short half-life."	( Zolpidem (Ambien): a pediatric case series. Krenzelok, EP; Kurta, DL; Myers, LB, 1997)	2.46
"Zolpidem has been marketed in new dosage forms that include sublingual tablets and oral spray formulations."	( New pharmacologic agents for insomnia and hypersomnia. Earl, DC; Van Tyle, KM, 2020)	1.28
"Zolpidem has gained popularity as a pharmaceutical therapy for insomnia, being the most prescribed hypnotic in the United States today. "	( Impact of Postoperative Zolpidem Use on Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Matched-Controlled Analysis of a Private Insurance Database. Ardeljan, AD; Palmer, JR; Polisetty, TS; Roche, MW; Toma, JJ; Vakharia, RM, 2021)	2.37
"Zolpidem has been observed to transiently treat a large variety of neurologic disorders, most often related to movement disorders and disorders of consciousness. "	( Zolpidem for the Treatment of Neurologic Disorders: A Systematic Review. Bomalaski, MN; Claflin, ES; Peterson, MD; Townsend, W, 2017)	3.34
"Zolpidem has been used with mixed effects in patients presenting with Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness (PDOC). "	( An analysis of the effects of using Zolpidem and an innovative multimodal interdisciplinary team approach in prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC). Cronin, H; Delargy, M; Galligan, I; Gray, D; McCann, A; O'Connor, R; O'Toole, C, 2019)	2.23
"Zolpidem has been reported to improve arousal in disorders of consciousness but there are no previous reports of its benefit among patients with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis."	( Clinically significant response to zolpidem in disorders of consciousness secondary to anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in a teenager: a case report. Appu, M; Noetzel, M, 2014)	1.4
"Zolpidem has been reported to cause temporary recovery of consciousness in vegetative and minimally conscious patients, but how often and why this occurs are unknown. "	( Zolpidem and restoration of consciousness. Brunner, R; Demarest, D; Greenwald, B; Kaelin, D; Kalmar, K; Katz, D; Rajan, R; Rosenbaum, A; Seel, R; Whyte, J; Zafonte, R, 2014)	3.29
"Zolpidem has been reported as an "awakening drug" in some patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC). "	( Effect of zolpidem in chronic disorders of consciousness: a prospective open-label study. Bruno, MA; Charland-Verville, V; Chatelle, C; Demertzi, A; Gosseries, O; Habbal, D; Laureys, S; Lugo, Z; Schnakers, C; Thibaut, A; Thonnard, M; Vanhaudenhuyse, A, )	1.98
"Zolpidem has a potency to be abused with high risk of dependency and withdrawal syndromes particularly among elderly patients with comorbid anxiety/depressive symptoms/disorders."	( Zolpidem abuse and dependency in an elderly patient with major depressive disorder: a case report. Malakouti, SK; Pourshams, M, 2014)	3.29
"Zolpidem use also has significant dose-response effects for most of the types of dementia."	( An increased risk of reversible dementia may occur after zolpidem derivative use in the elderly population: a population-based case-control study. Chang, CM; Chi, CH; Hsu, HC; Kao, CH; Lin, CC; Shih, HI; Tu, YF, 2015)	1.38
"Zolpidem has abuse potential, particularly among individuals with histories of drug abuse. "	( A therapeutic dose of zolpidem has limited abuse-like effects in drug-naïve females: a pilot study. Dunlap, S; Licata, SC; Lukas, SE; Penetar, DM, 2008)	2.1
"Zolpidem has a rapid onset of action and short elimination half-life, rendering it ideal as a sleep aid."	( The incidence of Zolpidem use in suspected DUI drivers in Miami-Dade Florida: a comparative study using immunalysis Zolpidem ELISA KIT and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry screening. Gennaro, W; Reidy, L; Steele, BW; Walls, HC, 2008)	1.41
"Zolpidem abuse has been frequently observed in recent years. "	( Intravenous zolpidem injection in a zolpidem abuser. Chiu, NY; Hsu, WY, 2013)	2.21
"Zolpidem has been reported to decrease balance and is associated with falls."	( Zolpidem is independently associated with increased risk of inpatient falls. Kolla, BP; Lovely, JK; Mansukhani, MP; Morgenthaler, TI, 2013)	2.55
"Zolpidem has been associated with somnambulism, but our patient did not experience this when he was on zolpidem monotherapy."	( Somnambulism due to probable interaction of valproic acid and zolpidem. Bhatia, SC; Petty, F; Ramaswamy, S; Sattar, SP, 2003)	1.28
"Zolpidem has the strongest effects in microstructural terms."	( [Sleep-modulation and hypnotics: effects of benzodiazepine-receptor's agonists]. Bódizs, R, 2006)	1.06
"Zolpidem has side effects that are similar but not identical to the benzodiazepines."	( Compulsive activity and anterograde amnesia after zolpidem use. Huang, YB; Tsai, MJ; Tsai, YH, 2007)	1.31
"Zolpidem has been known as a very safe and effective hypnotic drug used to treat a variety of patients with insomnia. "	( Effects of chromosomal variations on pharmacokinetic activity of zolpidem in healthy volunteers: an array-based comparative genomic hybridization study. Choi, JS; Han, SI; Jeon, YW; Kang, CY; Lee, KH; Moon, HJ; Park, EJ; Rha, HK, 2007)	2.02
"Zolpidem has a hypnotic activity without disturbing psychomotor and physical performance on the following day when given to healthy adults, suggesting zolpidem may be used in healthy athletes to adjust their extrinsic sleep disturbances and their consecutive psychomotor and physical impairments."	( Acute effects of zolpidem on daytime alertness, psychomotor and physical performance. Inomata, S; Ito, SU; Kanbayashi, T; Kondo, H; Nishino, S; Shimizu, T; Szilagyi, G; Takemura, T, 2007)	1.4
"Zolpidem has greater affinity for GABAA receptors containing omega 1 (Purkinje cells) than for those with omega 2 (striatum) sites and has higher intrinsic activity at these receptors than diazepam."	( Zolpidem functionally discriminates subtypes of native GABAA receptors in acutely dissociated rat striatal and cerebellar neurons. Avenet, P; Depoortere, H; Itier, V; Scatton, B, 1996)	2.46
"Zolpidem has an imidazopyridine structure and possesses a rapid onset of action and a short half-life."	( Zolpidem (Ambien): a pediatric case series. Krenzelok, EP; Kurta, DL; Myers, LB, 1997)	2.46
"Zolpidem (ZLP), which has selective affinity to the BZ1 (omega 1) receptor and a short half-life, is a novel hypnotic. "	( The effects of zolpidem and zopiclone on daytime sleepiness and psychomotor performance. Isawa, S; Murasaki, M; Suzuki, M; Uchiumi, M, 2000)	2.1
"Zolpidem has been found to reveal high clinical efficiency and safety."	( [Zolpidem (ivadal) treatment of sleep disorders]. Aleksandrovskiĭ, IuA; Androsova, VV, 2001)	1.94
"Zolpidem, therefore, has been shown to be an effective and safe hypnotic, and to be devoid of rebound and withdrawal effects."	( The safety and efficacy of zolpidem in insomniac patients: a long-term open study in general practice. Attali, P; Coquelin, JP; Cramer, P; Maarek, L; Morselli, PL, 1992)	1.3

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Zolpidem can increase the level of consciousness in a small subset of patients."	( Pharmacology in Treatment of Patients with Disorders of Consciousness. Marino, MH, 2024)	2.16
"Zolpidem: towards a lower dosage."	( [Pharmacovigilance update]. Diezi, L; Livio, F; Renard, D; Rothuizen, LE, 2014)	1.12
"Zolpidem did not increase non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) or total sleep time."	( Paradoxical effects of the hypnotic Zolpidem in the neonatal ferret. Coleman, T; Frank, MG; Hsu, N; Jha, SK, 2009)	1.35
"The zolpidem-induced increase of decay times, amplitude and charge transfer and alpha1-ir expression were the lowest in PN5-9 males but increased with age, in both genders."	( Age- and gender-related differences in GABAA receptor-mediated postsynaptic currents in GABAergic neurons of the substantia nigra reticulata in the rat. Chudomel, O; Galanopoulou, AS; Herman, H; Moshé, SL; Nair, K, 2009)	0.83
"Zolpidem could increase the risk of fracture in elderly insomnia patients. "	( Zolpidem use and risk of fracture in elderly insomnia patients. Choi, NK; Kang, DY; Kim, YJ; Lee, J; Park, BJ; Park, S; Rhee, CW, 2012)	3.26
"Zolpidem does not cause hemodynamic side effects."	( Temazepam, but not zolpidem, causes orthostatic hypotension in astronauts after spaceflight. Garcia, KM; Meck, JV; Shi, SJ, 2003)	1.37
"Zolpidem did not increase specifically stage 2 to the detriment of stages 3 and 4 but it restored them during the first nights of administration."	( Effects of zolpidem on the architecture and cyclical structure of sleep in poor sleepers. Besset, A; Billiard, M; Borderies, P; Tafti, M; Villemin, E, 1995)	1.4
"Zolpidem induced a lower increase of [3H]GABA binding (23 vs."	( Enhancement of GABAergic transmission by zolpidem, an imidazopyridine with preferential affinity for type I benzodiazepine receptors. Biggio, G; Concas, A; Corda, MG; Serra, M, 1989)	1.26

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Pre-treatment with zolpidem significantly prevented the onset of SE in a dose-dependent manner."	( Involvement of nitrergic system in anticonvulsant effect of zolpidem in lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus: Evaluation of iNOS and COX-2 genes expression. Bahremand, T; Dehpour, AR; Eslami, SM; Ghasemi, M; Gholami, M; Momeny, M; Sharifzadeh, M, 2017)	1.02
"Pretreatment with zolpidem significantly improved polysomnographic quality and may decrease the need to repeat polysomnograms."	( Does zolpidem enhance the yield of polysomnography? Andrada, T; Eliasson, AH; Khramtsov, A; Kristo, DA; Lettieri, CJ, 2005)	1.18
"Pretreatment with zolpidem (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly improved locomotor activity, anti-anxiety effect, reduced tail flick latency and attenuated oxidative damage (reduced malondialdehyde, nitrite concentration, and restoration of reduced glutathione and catalase levels) as compared to stressed control (hypoxia) (P < 0.05)."	( Possible GABAergic modulation in the protective effect of zolpidem in acute hypoxic stress-induced behavior alterations and oxidative damage. Goyal, R; Kumar, A, 2008)	0.91
"Treatment with zolpidem led to durable improvement."	( [Favourable effect of zolpidem on catatonia]. Guerouaou, D; Mastain, B; Pommery, J; Thomas, P; Vaiva, G, 1995)	0.95
"Treatment with zolpidem brought about an improvement in the sleep architecture."	( [Sleep-wake rhythm disorders in the framework of a Diogenes syndrome. Improvement in sleep architecture using supportive treatment with zolpidem]. Gündel, L; Kummer, J, 1995)	0.83
"Treatment with zolpidem during the first shifted night limited the overall increase in TSH levels during the following waking period (P < 0.05), but the beneficial effect was no longer significant following the second shifted night."	( Progressive elevation of plasma thyrotropin during adaptation to simulated jet lag: effects of treatment with bright light or zolpidem. Akseki, E; Copinschi, G; Hirschfeld, U; L'Hermite-Balériaux, M; Leproult, R; Moreno-Reyes, R; Van Cauter, E, 1996)	0.84

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Zolpidem, therefore, has been shown to be an effective and safe hypnotic, and to be devoid of rebound and withdrawal effects."	( The safety and efficacy of zolpidem in insomniac patients: a long-term open study in general practice. Attali, P; Coquelin, JP; Cramer, P; Maarek, L; Morselli, PL, 1992)	1.49
" These benzodiazepines are not free of daytime adverse effects, particularly drowsiness, dependency potential, rebound insomnia and habituation to the drug effect."	( Prescribing short-acting hypnosedatives. Current recommendations from a safety perspective. Wheatley, D, )	0.13
" No serious adverse events were observed."	( Long-term polysomnographic study of the efficacy and safety of zolpidem in elderly psychiatric in-patients with insomnia. Attali, P; Coquelin, JP; Eich, FX; Guendel, L; Kummer, J; Kyrein, HJ; Linden, J, )	0.37
"1%) of the 16 944 patients reported 268 adverse events (one adverse event in 113 cases, two adverse events in 53 cases and more than two adverse events in 16 cases)."	( Safety and tolerance of zolpidem in the treatment of disturbed sleep: a post-marketing surveillance of 16944 cases. Bandelow, B; Hajak, G, 1998)	0.61
" Knowledge of pharmacological therapeutical alternatives is therefore decisive, in order to identify the most efficaceous and safe therapy for the patient among the available hypnotics."	( [Safety profile of zolpidem: two studies of 3805 patients by Swiss practitioners]. Ganzoni, E; Gugger, M, 1999)	0.63
" Zolpidem use is gaining favor because of its efficacy and its side effect profile, which is milder and less problematic than that of the benzodiazepines and barbiturates used to treat insomnia."	( Central nervous system side effects associated with zolpidem treatment. Catalano, G; Catalano, MC; Cooper, DS; Toner, LC; Tsambiras, BM, )	1.29
" Sleepwalking is a rare side effect of zolpidem."	( One rare side effect of zolpidem--sleepwalking: a case report. Dollear, M; Muthukrishnan, SR; Yang, W, 2005)	0.9
"5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects."	( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004)	0.32
"5mg is effective and safe in treating primary insomnia in adults and improves sleep maintenance, induction and duration of sleep."	( Efficacy and safety of zolpidem-MR: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with primary insomnia. Roth, T; Soubrane, C; Titeux, L; Walsh, JK, 2006)	0.64
" The overall incidence and nature of adverse events was comparable between the two groups."	( Efficacy and safety of zolpidem extended release in elderly primary insomnia patients. Roth, T; Soubrane, C; Walsh, JK, 2008)	0.66
" Most frequent adverse events for zolpidem extended-release were headache, anxiety and somnolence."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of zolpidem extended-release 12.5 mg, administered 3 to 7 nights per week for 24 weeks, in patients with chronic primary insomnia: a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study. Erman, M; Krystal, AD; Roth, T; Soubrane, C; Zammit, GK, 2008)	0.91
" The incidence of central nervous system adverse events was 23."	( A polysomnographic placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy and safety of eszopiclone relative to placebo and zolpidem in the treatment of primary insomnia. Amato, D; Caron, J; Erman, MK; Rubens, R; Schaefer, K; Walsh, JK; Wessel, T; Zammit, G, 2008)	0.56
" If this strategy is adopted, zolpidem is a safe alternative to benzodiazpine hypnotics and zopiclone who do show significant driving impairment the morning following bedtime administration."	( Zolpidem and traffic safety - the importance of treatment compliance. Johnson, W; Liddicoat, L; Olivier, B; Verster, JC; Volkerts, ER, 2007)	2.07
" Other agents commonly used at sea-level such as eszopiclone and diphenhydramine have not been studied at high altitude but are likely safe to use given their mechanism of action and known side effects."	( Which medications are safe and effective for improving sleep at high altitude? Luks, AM, 2008)	0.35
" Gaboxadol was generally safe and well tolerated, with no evidence of withdrawal symptoms or rebound insomnia after discontinuation of short-term treatment."	( A 2-week efficacy and safety study of gaboxadol and zolpidem using electronic diaries in primary insomnia outpatients. Eglin, M; Hajak, G; Hedner, J; Loft, H; Lundahl, J; Lütolf, S; Stórustovu, SI, 2009)	0.6
" The most common treatment related adverse events were headache and nausea."	( A safety trial of sodium oxybate in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: Acute effects on sleep-disordered breathing. Feldman, N; George, CF; Grzeschik, SM; Inhaber, N; Lai, C; Steininger, TL; Zheng, Y, 2010)	0.36
" Adverse events, most commonly headache, were noted in nine of 27 (33%) and six of 23 (26%) patients receiving SXB and PBO, respectively."	( A 2-week, polysomnographic, safety study of sodium oxybate in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Feldman, N; George, CF; Grzeschik, SM; Inhaber, N; Lai, C; Steininger, TL; Zheng, Y, 2011)	0.37
" It will be important to bear in mind and look for this side effect because all the episodes could easily be controlled by withdrawing the drug."	( [Sleep related eating disorders as a side effect of zolpidem]. Alvarez, F; Cristiano, E; Martínez, OA; Reisin, RC; Valiensi, SM, 2010)	0.61
" An understanding of structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemicals can make a significant contribution to the identification of potential toxic effects early in the drug development process and aid in avoiding such problems."	( Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity. Fisk, L; Greene, N; Naven, RT; Note, RR; Patel, ML; Pelletier, DJ, 2010)	0.36
"Most NBZHs can be effective and safe agents for selected BD outpatients with episodic or chronic insomnia."	( Efficacy and safety of nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics for chronic insomnia in patients with bipolar disorder. Hang, E; Miller, AR; Nordahl, TE; Schaffer, CB; Schaffer, LC, 2011)	0.37
"Benzodiazepines cause a high proportion of adverse effects while non-benzodiazepine compounds have demonstrated high efficacy and less adverse effects in patients with insomnia."	( A double-blind, randomized, comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zaleplon versus zolpidem in shortening sleep latency in primary insomnia. Chen, CK; Hsu, SC; Huang, YS; Liu, SI, )	0.35
" There was no significant difference in the frequency of adverse effects between the zaleplon and zolpidem groups; however, during this clinical trial there was one lethal event caused by a traffic accident in the zaleplon group."	( A double-blind, randomized, comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zaleplon versus zolpidem in shortening sleep latency in primary insomnia. Chen, CK; Hsu, SC; Huang, YS; Liu, SI, )	0.56
"There was no significant difference between zaleplon and zolpidem in the efficacy of reducing sleep latency or adverse effects."	( A double-blind, randomized, comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zaleplon versus zolpidem in shortening sleep latency in primary insomnia. Chen, CK; Hsu, SC; Huang, YS; Liu, SI, )	0.59
"A prominent media publicity cluster during 2007-2008 in Australia linked the common hypnotic zolpidem to adverse drug reaction reports of parasomnias, amnesia, hallucinations and suicidality."	( Spontaneous adverse event reports associated with zolpidem in Australia 2001-2008. Ben-Hamou, M; Fois, RA; Grunstein, RR; Marshall, NS; Saini, B, 2011)	0.84
" Severity and improvement of insomnia were assessed at baseline and at the end of study using the clinical global impression scale; sleep quality was assessed by the application of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; drug consumption behavior was evaluated through tablet counting; in addition its security was assessed by the registry of the adverse effects."	( [Efficacy and safety of modified release zolpidem in patients with chronic insomnia]. Jiménez-Genchi, A, )	0.4
" Twenty percent of subjects experienced adverse reactions; the most frequent were headache, excessive sleepiness, nausea and dizziness."	( [Efficacy and safety of modified release zolpidem in patients with chronic insomnia]. Jiménez-Genchi, A, )	0.4
" Vital signs, routine blood counts, liver and renal function tests, and treatment emergent adverse events were recorded for safety assessment."	( Efficacy and safety of a polyherbal sedative-hypnotic formulation NSF-3 in primary insomnia in comparison to zolpidem: a randomized controlled trial. Das, T; Hazra, A; Maroo, N, )	0.34
" Although 12 treatment emergent adverse events were reported with NSF-3 and 16 with zolpidem (commonest was drowsiness in both), most were mild and no serious adverse events were encountered."	( Efficacy and safety of a polyherbal sedative-hypnotic formulation NSF-3 in primary insomnia in comparison to zolpidem: a randomized controlled trial. Das, T; Hazra, A; Maroo, N, )	0.57
"NSF-3 is a safe and effective short-term alternative to zolpidem for primary insomnia."	( Efficacy and safety of a polyherbal sedative-hypnotic formulation NSF-3 in primary insomnia in comparison to zolpidem: a randomized controlled trial. Das, T; Hazra, A; Maroo, N, )	0.59
" In both studies, there were no gender differences in adverse events."	( Gender influences on efficacy and safety of sublingual zolpidem tartrate for middle-of-the-night awakening in insomnia. Moline, M; Roth, T; Singh, NN; Steinberg, F, 2014)	0.65
"The prevalence of adverse reactions to zolpidem was investigated in a subpopulation of participants in the Drug Event Monitoring project of the Japan Pharmaceutical Association."	( Safety analysis of zolpidem in elderly subjects 80 years of age or older: adverse event monitoring in Japanese subjects. Hirota, S; Ishizuka, T; Kajiwara, A; Koda, H; Morita, K; Murase, M; Nakagawa, K; Oniki, K; Saruwatari, J; Yamamura, M, 2016)	1.03
" Adverse symptoms after the last prescription were reported by 60 (5."	( Safety analysis of zolpidem in elderly subjects 80 years of age or older: adverse event monitoring in Japanese subjects. Hirota, S; Ishizuka, T; Kajiwara, A; Koda, H; Morita, K; Murase, M; Nakagawa, K; Oniki, K; Saruwatari, J; Yamamura, M, 2016)	0.76
"When the US FDA approves a new prescription drug there is still a great deal remaining to be learned about the safe and proper use of that product."	( Methodological approaches to evaluate the impact of FDA drug safety communications. Avorn, J; Brownstein, JS; Campbell, EG; Dal Pan, GJ; Kesselheim, AS; Lappin, BM; Rausch, P; Schneeweiss, S; Schwartz, LM; Seeger, JD; Toomey, T; Woloshin, S; Zhou, EH, 2015)	0.42
" Zolpidem remained efficacious and safe across 12 months."	( Gender Differences in the Efficacy and Safety of Chronic Nightly Zolpidem. Roehrs, TA; Roth, T, 2016)	1.58
"Stimulated reporting occurs when patients and healthcare professionals are influenced or "stimulated" by media publicity to report specific drug-related adverse reactions, significantly biasing pharmacovigilance analyses."	( Spontaneous Adverse Event Reports Associated with Zolpidem in the United States 2003-2012. Fois, RA; Grunstein, RR; Hanrahan, JR; Hibbs, DE; Ho, SS; Marshall, NS; Saini, B; Wong, CK, 2017)	0.71
"Using disproportionality analyses, reporting odds ratios for zolpidem exposure and the following adverse events; parasomnia, movement-based parasomnia, nonmovement-based parasomnia, amnesia, hallucination, and suicidality were determined and compared to all other medications in the database, followed by specific comparison to the benzodiazepine hypnotic class, year-by-year from 2003 to 2012."	( Spontaneous Adverse Event Reports Associated with Zolpidem in the United States 2003-2012. Fois, RA; Grunstein, RR; Hanrahan, JR; Hibbs, DE; Ho, SS; Marshall, NS; Saini, B; Wong, CK, 2017)	0.95
" We also observed that zolpidem adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports have higher odds for parasomnias, movement-based parasomnias, amnesias, hallucinations, and suicidality compared to all other drugs, even before the media publicity cluster."	( Spontaneous Adverse Event Reports Associated with Zolpidem in the United States 2003-2012. Fois, RA; Grunstein, RR; Hanrahan, JR; Hibbs, DE; Ho, SS; Marshall, NS; Saini, B; Wong, CK, 2017)	1.02
"Although our results indicate that zolpidem reports have higher odds for the ADR of interest even before the media publicity cluster, negative media coverage greatly exacerbated the reporting of these adverse reactions."	( Spontaneous Adverse Event Reports Associated with Zolpidem in the United States 2003-2012. Fois, RA; Grunstein, RR; Hanrahan, JR; Hibbs, DE; Ho, SS; Marshall, NS; Saini, B; Wong, CK, 2017)	0.99
" Clonidine, melatonin, L-theanine, eszopiclone and guanfacine were well tolerated with mild to moderate adverse events; zolpidem was associated with neuropsychiatric adverse effects."	( Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Drugs for Treating Behavioural Insomnia in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review with Methodological Quality Assessment. Anand, S; Besag, FMC; Chan, EW; Cortese, S; Tong, H; Wong, ICK, 2017)	0.66
" Adverse events were similar with almorexant and placebo."	( Efficacy and safety of almorexant in adult chronic insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled trial with an active reference. Berkani, O; Black, J; Hajak, G; Hedner, J; Hmissi, A; Mangialaio, S; Pillar, G; Polo, O; Zammit, G, 2017)	0.46
" Rates of treatment-emergent adverse events were low; there were no serious adverse events."	( Safety of lemborexant versus placebo and zolpidem: effects on auditory awakening threshold, postural stability, and cognitive performance in healthy older participants in the middle of the night and upon morning awakening. Kumar, D; Moline, M; Murphy, P; Rosenberg, R; Zammit, G, 2020)	0.82
"Lack of a safe and convenient disposal method for expired and unused medications may lead to many problems such as accidental exposure, intentional misuse, and food and water contamination."	( Evaluation of an activated carbon disposal system for safe disposal of model prescription sedative medications. Anderson, C; Banga, AK; Dasht Bozorg, B; Fowler, W; Korey, A, 2020)	0.56
" emergency department (ED) visits from zolpidem-attributed adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after 2013 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Drug Safety Communications (DSCs), which notified the public about FDA's new dosing recommendations for zolpidem."	( Changes in emergency department visits for zolpidem-attributed adverse drug reactions after FDA Drug Safety Communications. Budnitz, DS; Dal Pan, GJ; Geller, AI; Lovegrove, MC; Zhou, EH, 2020)	1.09
"We estimated the occurrence of ED visits from zolpidem-attributed ADRs using nationally representative, public health surveillance of medication harms (National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-Cooperative Adverse Drug Event Surveillance project, 2010-2017)."	( Changes in emergency department visits for zolpidem-attributed adverse drug reactions after FDA Drug Safety Communications. Budnitz, DS; Dal Pan, GJ; Geller, AI; Lovegrove, MC; Zhou, EH, 2020)	1.08
" While some observational studies suggest that Z-drugs are associated with adverse events such as falls and fracture risks in older people, this has not been studied in dementia."	( Adverse effects of Z-drugs for sleep disturbance in people living with dementia: a population-based cohort study. Aldus, C; Arthur, A; Ballard, C; Boyd, PJ; Fox, C; Howard, R; Loke, YK; Maidment, I; Richardson, K; Savva, GM; Steel, N, 2020)	0.56
" We compared adverse events for 3532 patients newly prescribed Z-drugs by time-varying dosage to (1) 1833 non-sedative-users with sleep disturbance; (2) 10,214 non-sedative-users with proximal GP consultation matched on age, sex, and antipsychotic use; and (3) 5172 patients newly prescribed benzodiazepines."	( Adverse effects of Z-drugs for sleep disturbance in people living with dementia: a population-based cohort study. Aldus, C; Arthur, A; Ballard, C; Boyd, PJ; Fox, C; Howard, R; Loke, YK; Maidment, I; Richardson, K; Savva, GM; Steel, N, 2020)	0.56
" Zolpidem and acupressure safety profiling showed no severe adverse effect other that drowsiness, nausea and daytime sleeping already reported in literature of zolpidem."	( Effectiveness and safety profiling of zolpidem and acupressure in CKD associated pruritus: An interventional study. Ahmed, R; Chan, KG; Khan, NA; Khan, TM; Lee, LH; Munib, S; Rahman, AU; Rehman, AU; Rehman, IU; Shah, Y; Wu, DBC, 2021)	1.8
" Meanwhile, there was no significant statistical difference in adverse events between Zolpidem and placebo after one month of treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of Zolpidem in the treatment of insomnia disorder for one month: a meta-analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Cai, Y; Hong, Z; Pan, J; Xiang, T, 2021)	1.16
"Our meta-analysis showed that zolpidem is an effective and safe therapy option to treat insomnia disorder for one month."	( Efficacy and safety of Zolpidem in the treatment of insomnia disorder for one month: a meta-analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Cai, Y; Hong, Z; Pan, J; Xiang, T, 2021)	1.22

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The methods used for pharmacokinetic and drug metabolism studies are based on column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography; they do not require any sample manipulation because the plasma or diluted urine is injected into a pre-column where clean-up and preconcentration take place."	( Determination of zolpidem, a new sleep-inducing agent, and its metabolites in biological fluids: pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism and overdosing investigations in humans. Ascalone, V; Flaminio, L; Guinebault, P; Morselli, PL; Thénot, JP, 1992)	0.62
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations were repeated at the end of the study on day 14 or day 21."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem following repeated doses in hemodialyzed uraemic patients. Bianchetti, G; Danjou, P; Dhib, M; Dubruc, C; Etienne, I; Fillastre, JP; Geffroy-Josse, S; Rosenzweig, P, 1993)	0.55
" This study attempted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between zolpidem 10 mg, a short-acting hypnotic, and fluoxetine 20 mg, an SSRI."	( The effect of co-administration of zolpidem with fluoxetine: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Allard, S; Johnson, M; Piergies, AA; Roth-Schechter, BF; Sweet, J, 1996)	0.79
" The method is applicable to single-dose pharmacokinetic studies of zolpidem in humans."	( Analysis of zolpidem in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection: application to single-dose pharmacokinetic studies. Durol, AL; Greenblatt, DJ, 1997)	0.91
" The method is simple, rapid, and applicable to pharmacokinetic studies of zolpidem after administering two intravenous bolus doses (1 and 4 mg/kg) in rats."	( Determination of zolpidem in serum microsamples by high-performance liquid chromatography and its application to pharmacokinetics in rats. Lau, CE; Sun, L; Wang, Q, 1999)	0.87
"005), prolonged elimination half-life (41 versus 3 hours; p < ."	( Differential impairment of triazolam and zolpidem clearance by ritonavir. Daily, JP; Durol, AL; Graf, JA; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Hoffman, JL; Mertzanis, P; Shader, RI; von Moltke, LL, 2000)	0.57
" Pharmacodynamic (tracking, attention, and memory test) and pharmacokinetic measurements were conducted over a period of 24 and 50 h, respectively, after drug intake."	( Comparative tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of a metabolite of a quinolizinone hypnotic and zolpidem in healthy subjects. Bury, M; Dingemanse, J; Hussain, Y; van Giersbergen, P, 2000)	0.52
" The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the active drugs were estimated using a noncompartmental method and NONMEM."	( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and relative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of zaleplon and zolpidem. Cevallos, W; Darwish, M; Drover, D; Lemmens, H; Naidu, S; Stanski, D, 2000)	0.52
" The apparent elimination half-life of zaleplon (60."	( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and relative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of zaleplon and zolpidem. Cevallos, W; Darwish, M; Drover, D; Lemmens, H; Naidu, S; Stanski, D, 2000)	0.52
" CL(int,in vivo) was calculated from in vivo pharmacokinetic data using three frequent mathematical models (the well stirred, parallel-tube, and dispersion models)."	( Prediction of human hepatic clearance from in vivo animal experiments and in vitro metabolic studies with liver microsomes from animals and humans. Kagayama, A; Kimura, S; Naritomi, Y; Sugiyama, Y; Suzuki, A; Terashita, S, 2001)	0.31
" The pharmacodynamic parameters for the reinforcement rate, an index of timing performance, were determined by integration of behavioral and pharmacokinetic profiles in a between-subject design using the effect-linked inhibitory sigmoidal E(max) model."	( The effect of zolpidem on operant behavior and its relation to pharmacokinetics after intravenous and subcutaneous administration: concentration-effect relations. Falk, JL; Lau, CE; Sun, L; Wang, Q, 2002)	0.68
"Sixteen normal healthy female volunteers, ages 22 to 42 years, participated in this study to determine the pharmacokinetic characteristics of zolpidem and the influence of oral contraceptives and smoking."	( Zolpidem pharmacokinetic properties in young females: influence of smoking and oral contraceptive use. Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Klein, A; Ochs, HR; Olubodun, JO; Shader, RI; Trüten, V; von Moltke, LL, 2002)	1.96
"The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions of ethanol with the full benzodiazepine agonist midazolam, the partial agonist bretazenil and the benzodiazepine BZ1 receptor subtype selective agonist zolpidem have been determined in the rat in vivo, using an integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic approach."	( Mechanism-based pharmacodynamic modeling of the interaction of midazolam, bretazenil, and zolpidem with ethanol. Danhof, M; Tuk, B; van Gool, T, 2002)	0.72
"The increased Cmax and lower oral clearance of zolpidem in the elderly are consistent with recommendations of lower clinical doses of zolpidem in the elderly."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of zolpidem in elderly and young adults: possible modulation by testosterone in men. Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Hesse, LM; Ochs, HR; Olubodun, JO; Roubenoff, R; Shader, RI; von Moltke, LL, 2003)	0.86
" The duration of action of zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone can be related to their individual pharmacokinetic profile, which subsequently determines the time course of drug effect."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of short-acting hypnosedatives: zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone. Drover, DR, 2004)	0.82
" To assess pharmacodynamic and neurochemical effects of zolpidem, open-field behavior, pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold and benzodiazepine receptor binding in vitro were evaluated in the same animal following a single dose of zolpidem."	( Acute zolpidem administration produces pharmacodynamic and receptor occupancy changes at similar doses. Fahey, JM; Grassi, JM; Greenblatt, DJ; Reddi, JM, 2006)	1.06
"Voriconazole caused a moderate increase in exposure to zolpidem in healthy young subjects but no clear pharmacodynamic changes were observed between the groups."	( Effect of voriconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem in healthy subjects. Laine, K; Leino, K; Neuvonen, PJ; Olkkola, KT; Saari, TI; Valtonen, M, 2007)	0.82
"The aim of this study was to compare the relative bioavailability and the pharmacokinetic profile of a single oral dose of a zolpidem modified-release (MR) 12."	( Pharmacokinetic profile of a new modified release formulation of zolpidem designed to improve sleep maintenance. Andre, F; Bianchetti, G; Dubruc, C; McDougall, S; Weinling, E, 2006)	0.78
" Even though the same dose of the medicine is administered to each patient, the blood level of zolpidem and the time required to obtain peak concentration are not consistent among different people."	( Effects of chromosomal variations on pharmacokinetic activity of zolpidem in healthy volunteers: an array-based comparative genomic hybridization study. Choi, JS; Han, SI; Jeon, YW; Kang, CY; Lee, KH; Moon, HJ; Park, EJ; Rha, HK, 2007)	0.8
" Caffeine partially, but not completely, reversed most pharmacodynamic effects of zolpidem."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between zolpidem and caffeine. Cysneiros, RM; Farkas, D; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; von Moltke, LL, 2007)	0.81
" Zolpidem from the formulation was rapidly absorbed and reached maximum plasma concentrations within 38 min of dosing, however the half-life was independent of the dose and side effects were consistent with the known pharmacology of the drug."	( Daytime pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic evaluation of low-dose sublingual transmucosal zolpidem hemitartrate. Corser, BC; Mayleben, D; Roth, T; Singh, NN, 2008)	1.48
" Multiple pharmacokinetic measures were assessed at nine post-dose intervals and pharmacodynamics was assessed by polysomnography and actigraphy."	( Potential pharmacokinetic basis for zolpidem dosing in children with sleep difficulties. Blumer, JL; Christensen, M; Glaze, D; O'Riordan, MA; Reed, MD; Rosen, CL; Springer, MA; Steinberg, F, 2008)	0.62
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."	( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds. Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)	0.35
" Zolpidem's short duration of action is partly related to its short elimination half-life, but the associations between plasma levels and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects are not precisely known."	( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and the pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic relationship of zolpidem in healthy subjects. Cohen, AF; de Haas, SL; Dingemanse, J; Hoever, P; Schoemaker, RC; van Gerven, JM, 2010)	1.49
" One of these compounds, 10a, showed equivalent efficacy in a rat EEG/EMG model to a previously identified clinical candidate and a potentially superior pharmacokinetic profile as determined from a human microdose study."	( Identification of a novel selective H1-antihistamine with optimized pharmacokinetic properties for clinical evaluation in the treatment of insomnia. Beaton, G; Bradbury, MJ; Coon, T; Crowe, PD; Hernandez, LM; Hoare, SR; Huang, C; Jalali, K; Li, BF; Madan, A; Malany, S; Marinkovic, D; Moree, WJ; Petroski, RE; Sacaan, A; Tucci, FC; Wang, H; Wen, J; Yang, C; Yu, J; Zamani-Kord, S, 2010)	0.36
"The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction between zolpidem and carbamazepine in healthy volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between zolpidem and carbamazepine in healthy volunteers. Bâldea, I; Leucuţa, SE; Muntean, D; Neag, M; Popa, A; Vlase, L, 2011)	0.87
"Our objective was to evaluate a possible pharmacokinetic interaction between zolpidem and ciprofloxacin in healthy volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between zolpidem and ciprofloxacin in healthy volunteers. Leucuţa, SE; Muntean, D; Neag, M; Popa, A; Vlase, L, 2011)	0.87
" The primary pharmacokinetic parameters were T(max) (h) = (1."	( A rapid and highly sensitive UPLC-MS-MS method for the quantification of zolpidem tartrate in human EDTA plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Bapuji, AT; Himabindu, V; Rao, VS; Ravinder, S; Reddy, DC, 2012)	0.61
"The pharmacokinetic profile of zolpidem in dogs was dose dependent, and the plasma drug concentrations attained were lower than those for humans administered equivalent doses."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem after oral administration of a single dose in dogs. Breghi, G; Briganti, A; Giorgi, M; Portela, DA, 2012)	0.93
"This paper addresses the pharmacokinetic properties of eszopiclone and the extent to which the longer half-life of eszopiclone compared to other commonly used hypnotics (immediate-release zolpidem, modified-release zolpidem, triazolam, zaleplon) may translate into either improved efficacy in enhancing sleep maintenance, or increased probability of residual sedative or performance-impairing effects."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of eszopiclone: clinical and therapeutic implications. Greenblatt, DJ; Zammit, GK, 2012)	0.57
" The mean half-life in healthy nonelderly individuals (6."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of eszopiclone: clinical and therapeutic implications. Greenblatt, DJ; Zammit, GK, 2012)	0.38
"This randomized, open-label crossover study compared the pharmacokinetic profile of ZST with that of IR oral zolpidem in healthy adults."	( Comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles of zolpidem buffered sublingual tablet and zolpidem oral immediate-release tablet: results from a single-center, single-dose, randomized, open-label crossover study in healthy adults. Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Harris, SC; Kapil, RP; Moline, ML; Roth, T; Singh, NN, 2013)	0.87
" In this randomized, open-label, single-site study, the pharmacokinetic profile of ZST was evaluated when administered while fasting and following a standard high-fat meal (fed state)."	( Influence of food on pharmacokinetics of zolpidem from fast dissolving sublingual zolpidem tartrate tablets. Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Harris, SC; Kapil, RP; Roth, T; Singh, NN, 2013)	0.66
" In male and female subjects zolpidem PK were linear, with area under the curve (AUC) proportional to dose, and apparent oral clearance and elimination half-life independent of dose."	( Gender differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem following sublingual administration. Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Harris, SC; Kapil, RP; Moline, ML; Roth, T; Singh, NN; Steinberg, F, 2014)	0.93
" The population pharmacokinetic analysis modeled zolpidem concentrations using nonlinear mixed effects models."	( Preliminary assessment of zolpidem pharmacokinetics in pediatric burn patients. Buterbaugh, W; Gottschlich, MM; Healy, D; Kagan, RJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C, 2014)	0.96
" Seventy-three zolpidem concentrations were measured with a mean Cmax of 291 ± 140 ng/mL."	( Preliminary assessment of zolpidem pharmacokinetics in pediatric burn patients. Buterbaugh, W; Gottschlich, MM; Healy, D; Kagan, RJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C, 2014)	1.06
"A population pharmacokinetic model has been developed that reliably characterized the pharmacokinetic parameters of zolpidem when used as a sleep-enhancing agent among pediatric burn patients."	( Preliminary assessment of zolpidem pharmacokinetics in pediatric burn patients. Buterbaugh, W; Gottschlich, MM; Healy, D; Kagan, RJ; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C, 2014)	0.91
" These sleep effects are also consistent with the pharmacokinetic profile of lorediplon."	( A single-dose, randomized, double-blind, double dummy, placebo and positive-controlled, five-way cross-over study to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of lorediplon in a phase advance model of insomnia in healthy Caucasian adult male subjects. Baleeiro, T; D'Aniello, F; Gropper, S; Guglietta, A; Horoszok, L; Roth, T; Santos, B, 2014)	0.4
"This study analyzed pharmacokinetic parameters of zolpidem, formulated as a sublingual zolpidem tartrate tablet (ZST; Intermezzo®), in healthy elderly males and females (mean age 72 years) and in non-elderly males and females (34 years)."	( Pharmacokinetics of zolpidem from sublingual zolpidem tartrate tablets in healthy elderly versus non-elderly subjects. Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Harris, SC; Kapil, RP; Roth, T; Singh, NN; Steinberg, F, 2014)	0.98
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from plasma concentration-time data using standard non-compartmental methods."	( Pharmacokinetic effects of simultaneous administration of single-dose gabapentin 500 mg and zolpidem tartrate 10 mg in healthy volunteers: a randomized, open-label, crossover trial. Furey, SA; Galitz, LA; Jayawardena, S, 2015)	0.64
" Pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrated that intranasally administered zolpidem could achieve significantly faster absorption rate and higher plasma concentration than that from oral route."	( Zolpidem Mucoadhesive Formulations for Intranasal Delivery: Characterization, In Vitro Permeability, Pharmacokinetics, and Nasal Ciliotoxicity in Rats. Ho, T; Lee, B; Li, M; Qian, S; Toh, M; Wang, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhou, L; Zuo, Z, 2016)	2.11
" Multiple venous blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analyses."	( Pharmacokinetics of a Novel Zolpidem Nasal Spray for Rapid Management of Insomnia: First Trial in Humans. Ho, T; Lee, B; Li, CT; Su, TP; Toh, M; Wang, Y, 2016)	0.73
"Four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-period drug-drug interaction studies were conducted in healthy subjects to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions between mirogabalin and commonly used central nervous system depressants."	( Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Tolerability of Mirogabalin When Coadministered With Lorazepam, Zolpidem, Tramadol, or Ethanol: Results From Drug-Drug Interaction Studies in Healthy Subjects. Currie, A; Dishy, V; Dow, J; He, L; Ishizuka, H; Jansen, M; Mendell, J; Merante, D; Zahir, H, 2018)	0.69
" The pharmacokinetic profile of each drug was determined from blood samples."	( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile of SM-1, a triple-drug combination to increase total sleep time. Chen, LB; Dahl, T; Lovró, Z; Meierjohann, A; Mikola, H; Puhakka, A; Roth, T; Scheinin, M; Suopanki-Lalowski, J; Valge, M; Vuorilehto, L, 2019)	0.51
" The objective of this study was to apply physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in pediatric patients to investigate the absorption and pharmacokinetics of 4 drugs belonging to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class I administered as oral liquid formulations."	( Evaluation of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models to Predict the Absorption of BCS Class I Drugs in Different Pediatric Age Groups. Burckart, GJ; Dallmann, A; Liu, XI; van den Anker, JN, 2021)	0.62
"To investigate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences of zolpidem between males and females and their causes, including CYP3A4 activity."	( Effect of CYP3A4 metabolism on sex differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem. Cho, JY; Chung, JY; Jeon, I; Jeong, S; Jung, E; Kim, KS; Lee, Y; Oh, WY; Yoon, S, 2021)	1.08

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The following double-blind, randomised study dealt with three questions: (1) Is a multidimensional psychometric rating scale suitable for the measurement of mood before anaesthesia? (2) What are the effects of the new benzodiazepine-like drug zolpidem on preoperative mood compared with phenobarbital? (3) Is the combination with Promethazine suggestive? METHODS."	( [Multidimensional psychometric assessment of preoperative mood. Effects of zolpidem compared to phenobarbital combined with promethazine as premedication]. Hüppe, M; Nidermaier, B; Uhlig, T, 1995)	0.7
" The study compared preanesthesiological treatment by zolpidem and phenobarbital in combination with promethazine in a clinical setting."	( Mood effects of zolpidem versus phenobarbital combined with promethazine in an anesthesiological setting. Hüppe, M; Nidermaier, B; Pestel, G; Uhlig, T, 1996)	0.89
" The study shows that a combination with promethazine is recommended, because promethazine has a selective deactivating effect."	( [Optimizing anesthesiologic premedication with reference to biopsychological theories. Exemplified by the effect of dipotassium clorazepate and zolpidem in combination with promethazine]. Schmucker, P; Schön, J; Uhlig, T, 1997)	0.5
" Rifampicin significantly induced the metabolism of the newer hypnosedatives and decreased their sedative effects, indicating that a dose increase of these agents may be necessary when they are administered with rifampicin."	( Clinically important drug interactions with zopiclone, zolpidem and zaleplon. Greenblatt, DJ; Hesse, LM; von Moltke, LL, 2003)	0.57
" This study assessed the effects of caffeine on sleep architecture and electroencephalography (EEG) spectrum alone and in combination with two different sleep-promoting medications."	( Effects on sleep stages and microarchitecture of caffeine and its combination with zolpidem or trazodone in healthy volunteers. Hutson, PH; Ivarsson, M; Nutt, DJ; Paterson, LM; Wilson, SJ, 2009)	0.58
"Cognitive behavioral therapy used singly or in combination with zolpidem produced significant improvements in sleep latency, time awake after sleep onset, and sleep efficiency during initial therapy (all P<."	( Cognitive behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication, for persistent insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. Baillargeon, L; Bastien, C; Guay, B; Ivers, H; Mérette, C; Morin, CM; Savard, J; Vallières, A, 2009)	0.59
" Pharmacokinetic data for zolpidem alone and in combination with SJW were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography."	( Drug interaction between St John's wort and zolpidem in healthy subjects. Echizenya, M; Hojo, Y; Ohkubo, T; Shimizu, T, 2011)	0.93
"Current insomnia treatments such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor modulators are associated with sedative and muscle-relaxant effects, which increase when drug intake is combined with alcohol."	( Differential effects of the dual orexin receptor antagonist almorexant and the GABA(A)-α1 receptor modulator zolpidem, alone or combined with ethanol, on motor performance in the rat. Brisbare-Roch, C; Jenck, F; Lecourt, H; Steiner, MA; Strasser, DS, 2011)	0.58
"To examine the speed and trajectory of changes in sleep/wake parameters during short-term treatment of insomnia with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) alone versus CBT combined with medication; and to explore the relationship between early treatment response and post-treatment recovery status."	( Speed and trajectory of changes of insomnia symptoms during acute treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication. Beaulieu-Bonneau, S; Guay, B; Ivers, H; Mérette, C; Morin, CM; Savard, J; Vallières, A, 2014)	0.4
"3 years; 97 women, 63 men) who underwent a six-week course of CBT, singly or combined with 10 mg zolpidem nightly."	( Speed and trajectory of changes of insomnia symptoms during acute treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication. Beaulieu-Bonneau, S; Guay, B; Ivers, H; Mérette, C; Morin, CM; Savard, J; Vallières, A, 2014)	0.62
"This placebo-controlled study examined the effects of zolpidem alone and in combination with nabilone on cannabis withdrawal and a laboratory measure of relapse."	( Effects of zolpidem alone and in combination with nabilone on cannabis withdrawal and a laboratory model of relapse in cannabis users. Bedi, G; Comer, SD; Cooper, ZD; Foltin, RW; Haney, M; Herrmann, ES; Ramesh, D; Reed, SC, 2016)	1.07
"Both medication conditions decreased withdrawal-related disruptions in sleep, but only zolpidem in combination with nabilone decreased withdrawal-related disruptions in mood and food intake relative to placebo."	( Effects of zolpidem alone and in combination with nabilone on cannabis withdrawal and a laboratory model of relapse in cannabis users. Bedi, G; Comer, SD; Cooper, ZD; Foltin, RW; Haney, M; Herrmann, ES; Ramesh, D; Reed, SC, 2016)	1.05
"Clinical testing of nabilone, either alone, or in combination with zolpidem is warranted."	( Effects of zolpidem alone and in combination with nabilone on cannabis withdrawal and a laboratory model of relapse in cannabis users. Bedi, G; Comer, SD; Cooper, ZD; Foltin, RW; Haney, M; Herrmann, ES; Ramesh, D; Reed, SC, 2016)	1.06
" The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), alone and combined with medication, on various indices of daytime and psychological functioning."	( Cognitive-behavior therapy singly and combined with medication for persistent insomnia: Impact on psychological and daytime functioning. Beaulieu-Bonneau, S; Bélanger, L; Guay, B; Ivers, H; Mérette, C; Morin, CM; Sánchez Ortuño, M; Savard, J; Vallières, A, 2016)	0.43
" The aim of this study was to determine whether the zolpidem combined with paroxetine would be effective in the treatment of patients with primary insomnia."	( Effect and safety of paroxetine combined with zolpidem in treatment of primary insomnia. Liu, Y; Mao, HJ; Song, MF; Tang, GZ; Wang, SD; Xu, XH; Yin, Y; Yu, ZH, 2017)	0.96
"Ninety patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for primary insomnia were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of treatment with zolpidem combined with paroxetine (the combined treatment group, n = 45) or zolpidem combined with placebo (the control group, n = 45)."	( Effect and safety of paroxetine combined with zolpidem in treatment of primary insomnia. Liu, Y; Mao, HJ; Song, MF; Tang, GZ; Wang, SD; Xu, XH; Yin, Y; Yu, ZH, 2017)	0.92
"Eight weeks of the zolpidem combined with paroxetine treatment to patients with primary insomnia is more effective than zolpidem treatment only in sleep maintenance and early morning awakenings."	( Effect and safety of paroxetine combined with zolpidem in treatment of primary insomnia. Liu, Y; Mao, HJ; Song, MF; Tang, GZ; Wang, SD; Xu, XH; Yin, Y; Yu, ZH, 2017)	1.04
"To document the long-term sleep outcomes at 12 and 24 months after patients with chronic insomnia were treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), either singly or combined with zolpidem medication."	( Long-Term Maintenance of Therapeutic Gains Associated With Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Delivered Alone or Combined With Zolpidem. Beaulieu-Bonneau, S; Guay, B; Ivers, H; Morin, CM, 2017)	0.85
" They were first randomized for a six-week acute treatment phase involving CBT alone or CBT combined with nightly zolpidem, and randomized for a six-month extended treatment phase involving CBT, no additional treatment, CBT combined with zolpidem as needed, or CBT with zolpidem tapered."	( Long-Term Maintenance of Therapeutic Gains Associated With Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Delivered Alone or Combined With Zolpidem. Beaulieu-Bonneau, S; Guay, B; Ivers, H; Morin, CM, 2017)	0.87
"The results suggest that CBT for insomnia, when delivered alone or in combination with medication, produce durable sleep improvements up to two years after completion of treatment."	( Long-Term Maintenance of Therapeutic Gains Associated With Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Delivered Alone or Combined With Zolpidem. Beaulieu-Bonneau, S; Guay, B; Ivers, H; Morin, CM, 2017)	0.66
"Four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-period drug-drug interaction studies were conducted in healthy subjects to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions between mirogabalin and commonly used central nervous system depressants."	( Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, and Tolerability of Mirogabalin When Coadministered With Lorazepam, Zolpidem, Tramadol, or Ethanol: Results From Drug-Drug Interaction Studies in Healthy Subjects. Currie, A; Dishy, V; Dow, J; He, L; Ishizuka, H; Jansen, M; Mendell, J; Merante, D; Zahir, H, 2018)	0.69
"In this study, we intend to assess the efficacy of zolpidem combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for patients with primary insomnia (PI)."	( Therapeutic efficacy of zolpidem combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy on primary insomnia. Liang, B; Song, Y, 2019)	1.07

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Bioavailability is 67% after oral doses of 5-20 mg."	( Zolpidem: a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic for treatment of insomnia. Hoehns, JD; Perry, PJ, 1993)	1.73
" Although zaleplon has a much lower bioavailability (30%), the treatment dose is similar to zolpidem and zopiclone (bioavilaibility of 70%) because of the increased potency of zaleplon."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of short-acting hypnosedatives: zaleplon, zolpidem and zopiclone. Drover, DR, 2004)	0.76
" Compound 62 is currently one of the most binding selective GABA-A alpha 3-benzodiazepine-site partial agonists known, and although its selectivity is limited, its good pharmacokinetic profile in the rat (33% oral bioavailability after a 3 mg/kg dose, reaching a peak plasma concentration of 179 ng/mL; half-life of 1 h) made it a useful pharmacological tool to explore the effect of a GABA-A alpha 2/alpha 3 agonist in vivo."	( 3-phenyl-6-(2-pyridyl)methyloxy-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines and analogues: high-affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid-A benzodiazepine receptor ligands with alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 5-subtype binding selectivity over alpha 1. Atack, JR; Carling, RW; Castro, JL; Cook, SM; Dawson, GR; Ferris, P; Isted, C; Leeson, PD; McKernan, RM; Moore, KW; O'Connor, D; Quirk, K; Street, LJ; Thomas, S; Thompson, SA; Wafford, KA; Wild, D, 2004)	0.32
"The aim of this study was to compare the relative bioavailability and the pharmacokinetic profile of a single oral dose of a zolpidem modified-release (MR) 12."	( Pharmacokinetic profile of a new modified release formulation of zolpidem designed to improve sleep maintenance. Andre, F; Bianchetti, G; Dubruc, C; McDougall, S; Weinling, E, 2006)	0.78
" Human oral bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic property, which is directly related to the amount of drug available in the systemic circulation to exert pharmacological and therapeutic effects."	( Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability. Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA, 2007)	0.34
" It is proposed that by modifying the cellular redox state, caffeine ultimately reduces the pool of reactive oxygen species, thereby increasing the bioavailability of endogenous melatonin for interaction with zolpidem."	( The paradox of caffeine-zolpidem interaction: a network analysis. Myslobodsky, M, 2009)	0.85
"Oral bioavailability (F) is a product of fraction absorbed (Fa), fraction escaping gut-wall elimination (Fg), and fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh)."	( Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination. Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV, 2010)	0.36
" Carbamazepine interacts with zolpidem in healthy volunteers and lowers its bioavailability by about 57%."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between zolpidem and carbamazepine in healthy volunteers. Bâldea, I; Leucuţa, SE; Muntean, D; Neag, M; Popa, A; Vlase, L, 2011)	0.93
" Ciprofloxacin interacts with zolpidem in healthy volunteers, raising its bioavailability by about 46%."	( Pharmacokinetic interaction between zolpidem and ciprofloxacin in healthy volunteers. Leucuţa, SE; Muntean, D; Neag, M; Popa, A; Vlase, L, 2011)	0.93
" The initial rate of absorption was faster, and initial systemic exposure was greater, with ZST compared with oral IR."	( Comparison of pharmacokinetic profiles of zolpidem buffered sublingual tablet and zolpidem oral immediate-release tablet: results from a single-center, single-dose, randomized, open-label crossover study in healthy adults. Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Harris, SC; Kapil, RP; Moline, ML; Roth, T; Singh, NN, 2013)	0.65
" Pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrated that intranasally administered zolpidem could achieve significantly faster absorption rate and higher plasma concentration than that from oral route."	( Zolpidem Mucoadhesive Formulations for Intranasal Delivery: Characterization, In Vitro Permeability, Pharmacokinetics, and Nasal Ciliotoxicity in Rats. Ho, T; Lee, B; Li, M; Qian, S; Toh, M; Wang, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhou, L; Zuo, Z, 2016)	2.11
"Pharmacokinetic profiles of zolpidem are presented from a bioavailability (8mg intravenous; 10mg immediate release Stilnox®; 10mg and 12."	( Mechanistic investigation of the negative food effect of modified release zolpidem. Andreas, CJ; Dressman, JB; Markopoulos, C; Pepin, X; Reppas, C; Vertzoni, M, 2017)	0.98
" Deconvolution verified that the in vivo absorption rate from the modified release formulation is controlled by the formulation in the fasted state, whereas in the fed state, the absorption rate is mainly controlled by gastric emptying."	( Mechanistic investigation of the negative food effect of modified release zolpidem. Andreas, CJ; Dressman, JB; Markopoulos, C; Pepin, X; Reppas, C; Vertzoni, M, 2017)	0.69
" The oral administration of progesterone, however, is compromised by individual differences in bioavailability and metabolism of the steroid."	( Sleep after intranasal progesterone vs. zolpidem and placebo in postmenopausal women - A randomized, double-blind cross over study. Adamczyk, M; Beitinger, ME; Beitinger, P; Bleifuss, A; Cordeiro, S; Friess, E; Kluge, M; Mattern, C; Rupprecht, R; Schüssler, P; Steiger, A; Uhr, M; Wetter, TC; Yassouridis, A, 2018)	0.75
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" For zolpidem, receptor binding was reduced in cortex without a dose-response effect and no effect was observed on cerebellar binding."	( Benzodiazepine receptor binding of nonbenzodiazepines in vivo: alpidem, zolpidem and zopiclone. Byrnes, JJ; Greenblatt, DJ; Miller, LG, 1992)	1.03
"03) after three hours post dosing without any change in ventilation, Vt/ti or ti/ttot."	( Effects of zolpidem versus diazepam and placebo on breathing control parameters in healthy human subjects. Attali, P; Fuseau, E; Maillard, D; Rosenzweig, P; Thiercelin, JF, 1992)	0.67
" Moreover, alpidem, zolpidem, and zopiclone did not modify the 2-chloroadenosine dose-response curves nor the diazepam induced sensitization of adenosine-induced relaxation."	( Influence of diazepam, alpidem, zolpidem and zopiclone, on the response to adenosine of the guinea pig isolated trachea. Advenier, C; Candenas, ML; Devillier, P; Naline, E, 1991)	0.89
" Daytime sleep propensity during the day after dosing was evaluated with the multiple sleep latency test."	( Daytime wakefulness following a bedtime oral dose of zolpidem 20 mg, flunitrazepam 2 mg and placebo. Bensimon, G; Foret, J; Lacomblez, L; Simon, P; Thiercelin, JF; Warot, D, 1990)	0.53
" The dose-response curve produced by Ro 16-6028 was flatter than that for Ro 17-1812, however."	( Further investigation of the stimulus properties of chlordiazepoxide and zolpidem. Agonism and antagonism by two novel benzodiazepines. Sanger, DJ, 1987)	0.5
" When the diazepam and zolpidem dose-response curves were re-established in the presence of a dose of Ro 15-1788 or CGS 8216 the depressant effects of the higher doses were antagonised."	( Investigation of the actions of the benzodiazepine antagonists Ro 15-1788 and CGS 8216 using the schedule-controlled behavior of rats. Sanger, DJ, 1986)	0.58
" Dose-response curves were then established, before, immediately after and 4 weeks after the daily administration of midazolam (3."	( Investigation of the development of tolerance to the actions of zolpidem and midazolam. Sanger, DJ; Zivkovic, B, 1987)	0.51
" Of the patients, 87% were treated with a zolpidem dosage of 10 mg/day and the median treatment duration was 30 days."	( Zolpidem in insomnia: a 3-year post-marketing surveillance study in Switzerland. Chevillard, V; Ganzoni, E; Mathy, B; Santoni, JP; Sébille, M, )	1.84
" Also, the 10-mg zolpidem dosage was judged by the patients to have helped them fall asleep."	( A multicenter, placebo-controlled study evaluating zolpidem in the treatment of chronic insomnia. Roth, T; Scharf, MB; Vogel, GW; Walsh, JK, 1994)	0.88
" The 15-mg zolpidem dosage provided no clinical advantage over the 10-mg zolpidem dosage."	( A multicenter, placebo-controlled study evaluating zolpidem in the treatment of chronic insomnia. Roth, T; Scharf, MB; Vogel, GW; Walsh, JK, 1994)	0.93
" From these results, it can be said that zolpidem may be administered safely to patients with severe renal impairment without any modification of the dosage regimen."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem following repeated doses in hemodialyzed uraemic patients. Bianchetti, G; Danjou, P; Dhib, M; Dubruc, C; Etienne, I; Fillastre, JP; Geffroy-Josse, S; Rosenzweig, P, 1993)	0.82
" Dosage reduction appears to be prudent in patients with renal disease, and caution should be exercised when prescribing zolpidem to elderly patients with hepatic impairment."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zolpidem. Therapeutic implications. Costa, J; Salvà, P, 1995)	0.75
" The dosage was titrated in 5-mg increments until the optimum dosage was reached for case 1 (15 mg hs) and case 2 (10 mg hs)."	( Zolpidem for dementia-related insomnia and nighttime wandering. Hocking, LB; Shelton, PS, 1997)	1.74
" Observation sessions were conducted 1 hr after dosing on days 1, 10, 12 and 14 of each dose condition and after termination of drug dosing."	( Zolpidem physical dependence assessed across increasing doses under a once-daily dosing regimen in baboons. Ator, NA; Grech, DM; Griffiths, RR; Weerts, EM, 1998)	1.74
"The objective was to evaluate possible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions for repeated nightly zolpidem dosing with fluoxetine."	( Minimal interaction between fluoxetine and multiple-dose zolpidem in healthy women. Allard, S; MacIntyre, J; Roth-Schechter, B; Sainati, S, 1998)	0.76
" Office-based neurologists, psychiatrists, internists and general practitioners were asked individually to adjust the dosage of zolpidem (age < or = 65 years, 10-20 mg; age > 65 years, 5-10 mg) over a recommended period of 3-4 weeks."	( Safety and tolerance of zolpidem in the treatment of disturbed sleep: a post-marketing surveillance of 16944 cases. Bandelow, B; Hajak, G, 1998)	0.81
" Zolpidem-induced benzodiazepine agonist effects (increased electrocardiographic beta activity, digit-symbol substitution test impairment, and delayed recall) during the first 4 hours after dosage were enhanced by ketoconazole but not by itraconazole or fluconazole."	( Kinetic and dynamic interaction study of zolpidem with ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole. Counihan, M; Durol, AL; Graf, JA; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Mertzanis, P; Roth-Schechter, B; Shader, RI; von Moltke, LL, 1998)	1.48
"Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine agent that is indicated for the short term (< or = 4 weeks) treatment of insomnia (recommended dosage 10 mg/day in adults and 5 or 10 mg/day in the elderly or patients with hepatic impairment)."	( Zolpidem: an update of its pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of insomnia. Goa, KL; Holm, KJ, 2000)	3.19
" When the dosage is doubled, no adverse effects are found, but there are no effects different from placebo either."	( Zolpidem and promethazine in pre-anaesthetic medication. A pharmacopsychological approach. Brand, K; Heinze, J; Hüppe, M; Schmucker, P; Uhlig, T, 2000)	1.75
" Moreover, because age, gender and alcohol were shown to significantly affect expression of these subunits in individual brain regions, dosage and duration of treatment with zolpidem as well as age, gender and additional consumption of alcohol, a history of abuse and dependence might play a role in the development of tolerance and dependence in individual patients."	( [Zolpidem: the risk of tolerance and dependence according to case reports, systematic studies and recent molecularbiological data]. Aldenhoff, JB; Burmester, J; Göder, R; Hinze-Selch, D; Treskov, V, 2001)	1.41
" It appears that the reactions are concentration dependent, therefore, dosage reductions should be made in elderly patients and those with hepatic insufficiency."	( Delirium associated with zolpidem. Brodeur, MR; Stirling, AL, 2001)	0.61
" During that time, he gradually escalated the total dosage to an amount of 400 mg/day in divided doses."	( Detoxification from high-dose zolpidem using diazepam. Eraikhuemen, NE; Kearson, ML; Lanes, DM; Larose-Pierre, M; Payne, DR; Rappa, LR, 2004)	0.61
" This was not seen following similar dosing of diazepam."	( Sub-chronic administration of zolpidem affects modifications to rat sleep architecture. Dunn, SL; Johnson, C; Koblan, KS; Motzel, SL; Renger, JJ, 2004)	0.61
"In continuation of a previous psychometric analysis of dose-response data for citalopram in depression, the corresponding study data for escitalopram is of interest, since escitalopram is the active enantiomer of citalopram and because citalopram was used as the active control."	( Escitalopram dose-response revisited: an alternative psychometric approach to evaluate clinical effects of escitalopram compared to citalopram and placebo in patients with major depression. Andersen, HF; Bech, P; Cialdella, P; Pedersen, AG; Tanghøj, P, 2004)	0.32
"While it is common practice that hypnotics are used on a non-nightly basis, few investigations have been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of the intermittent dosing strategy."	( Long-term, non-nightly administration of zolpidem in the treatment of patients with primary insomnia. Krystal, AD; McCall, WV; Perlis, ML; Walsh, JK, 2004)	0.59
" The method was applied, without any interference from the excipients, to the determination of the drug in a tablet dosage form."	( Electrochemical study of zolpidem at glassy carbon electrode and its determination in a tablet dosage form by differential pulse voltammetry. Bekhiet, G; Radi, AE; Wahdan, T, 2004)	0.63
" At a clinically prescribed dosage these sleep inducers have no remarkable effect on cognitive or attentional functions but increase sleepiness of the subjects."	( Effects of zolpidem and zopiclone on cognitive and attentional function in young healthy volunteers: an event-related potential study. Hayashida, S; Kanno, O; Nakagome, K; Nakajima, T; Sasaki, T; Takazawa, S, 2000)	0.7
" Subjects memorized the word and nonword lists 1 h before dosing and they were asked to recall the memorized lists 10 h after dosing."	( Zolpidem and triazolam do not affect the nocturnal sleep-induced memory improvement. Boric, K; Cárdenas, AM; Galli, I; Henríquez-Roldán, CF; Meléndez, J; Ortega, A; Zuñiga, L, 2005)	1.77
" When participants received placebo at both dosing times, performance on some psychomotor tasks (e."	( Combined effects of methamphetamine and zolpidem on performance and mood during simulated night shift work. Foltin, RW; Haney, M; Hart, CL; Nasser, J, 2005)	0.6
" Approaches to the management of residual symptoms include addressing treatment-emergent side effects and co-morbid conditions, optimizing antidepressant dosing and using augmentation therapy."	( Pharmacological approaches to the treatment of residual symptoms. Fava, M, 2006)	0.33
" Effect areas for electroencephalographic beta amplitude during 0 to 8 hours and 3 to 6 hours after dosage were greater for MR compared to IR (P < ."	( Dynamics and kinetics of a modified-release formulation of zolpidem: comparison with immediate-release standard zolpidem and placebo. Freeman, J; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Legangneux, E; Rice, K; Weinling, E; Zammit, GK, 2006)	0.58
" These findings have been echoed in a six-month study using an intermittent dosing paradigm with subjective endpoints."	( Extended-release zolpidem: efficacy and tolerability profile. Owen, RT, 2006)	0.67
" Performance testing and subjective evaluations occurred prior to dosing and following forced awakening at 15:00, 2 h after dosing."	( Cognitive performance following premature awakening from zolpidem or melatonin induced daytime sleep. Cardenas, R; Eddy, DR; Fischer, J; Hickey, PA; Storm, WF; Welch, CB, 2007)	0.58
"25 mg extended-release dosage forms) is indicated for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance."	( Zolpidem extended-release: a single insomnia treatment option for sleep induction and sleep maintenance symptoms. Barkin, RL, )	1.57
"001) compared to PBO in NREM sleep EEG, in a dose-response manner."	( The selective extrasynaptic GABAA agonist, gaboxadol, improves traditional hypnotic efficacy measures and enhances slow wave activity in a model of transient insomnia. Deacon, S; Dijk, DJ; Lundahl, J; Walsh, JK, 2007)	0.34
"To assess the efficacy of zaleplon 10 mg and zolpidem 10 mg administered during experimental middle-of-the-night awakenings in patients with sleep-maintenance insomnia using objective polysomnographic measures and to assess daytime residual sedation 4 to 7 hours after dosing using sleep-latency testing."	( Sleep and residual sedation after administration of zaleplon, zolpidem, and placebo during experimental middle-of-the-night awakening. Corser, B; Doghramji, K; Fry, JM; James, S; Krystal, A; Mangano, RM; Zammit, GK, 2006)	0.83
"These findings establish the efficacy of 3 to 7 nights per week dosing of zolpidem extended-release 12."	( Long-term efficacy and safety of zolpidem extended-release 12.5 mg, administered 3 to 7 nights per week for 24 weeks, in patients with chronic primary insomnia: a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study. Erman, M; Krystal, AD; Roth, T; Soubrane, C; Zammit, GK, 2008)	0.86
"To assess the effects of post-bedtime dosing with indiplon on next-day function in adults and the elderly."	( Post-bedtime dosing with indiplon in adults and the elderly: results from two placebo-controlled, active comparator crossover studies in healthy volunteers. Burke, PJ; Farber, RH, 2008)	0.35
", 5-minute pretreatment) shifted the zolpidem dose-response curve to the right in all monkeys showing generalization."	( Zolpidem generalization and antagonism in male and female cynomolgus monkeys trained to discriminate 1.0 or 2.0 g/kg ethanol. Grant, KA; Helms, CM; Rogers, LS; Waters, CA, 2008)	2.06
"Each treatment period consisted of 2 consecutive nights of dosing separated by a washout of 5 to 12 days."	( Low-dose sublingual zolpidem tartrate is associated with dose-related improvement in sleep onset and duration in insomnia characterized by middle-of-the-night (MOTN) awakenings. Hull, SG; Lankford, DA; Rosenberg, R; Roth, T; Scharf, MB, 2008)	0.67
" Information for health professionals and workers in forensic structures as well as education of the general population associated with preventive measures such as drug dosage form changes should contribute to improved care management of victims and decreased risk."	( Chemical submission: results of 4-year French inquiry. Burin, E; Dally, S; Djezzar, S; Questel, F, 2009)	0.35
"This study examines the effects of gaboxadol (an investigational treatment for insomnia), zolpidem (a current hypnotic included as an active control) and placebo on body sway and attention/information processing ability following bedtime dosing in elderly subjects who were woken during the night for assessments."	( Tolerability, pharmacokinetics and night-time effects on postural sway and critical flicker fusion of gaboxadol and zolpidem in elderly subjects. Agrawal, N; Alexander, R; Boyle, J; Calder, N; Danjou, P; Fu, I; Gargano, C; McCrea, JB; Murphy, MG, 2009)	0.78
"To evaluate tolerability, pharmacokinetics and night-time effects on body sway and critical flicker fusion (CFF) of gaboxadol following bedtime dosing in healthy elderly subjects."	( Tolerability, pharmacokinetics and night-time effects on postural sway and critical flicker fusion of gaboxadol and zolpidem in elderly subjects. Agrawal, N; Alexander, R; Boyle, J; Calder, N; Danjou, P; Fu, I; Gargano, C; McCrea, JB; Murphy, MG, 2009)	0.56
" Subjects were administered study medication 30 minutes before bedtime and were awakened 2 hours after dosing to evaluate balance (Sensory Organization Test), turning speed and stability, memory (immediate and delayed word recall), and adverse events."	( Effect of ramelteon on middle-of-the-night balance in older adults with chronic insomnia. Peng, X; Rosenthal, M; Wang-Weigand, S; Zammit, G, 2009)	0.35
" Following recovery, animals were dosed with caffeine (10 mg/kg) alone or in combination with zolpidem (10 mg/kg) or trazodone (20 mg/kg)."	( Characterisation of the effects of caffeine on sleep in the rat: a potential model of sleep disruption. Hutson, PH; Ivarsson, M; Nutt, DJ; Paterson, LM; Wilson, SJ, 2009)	0.57
" In drug responders, repeated dosing appears to maintain consciousness."	( Incidence of clinically significant responses to zolpidem among patients with disorders of consciousness: a preliminary placebo controlled trial. Myers, R; Whyte, J, 2009)	0.61
"Modified-release products are complex dosage forms designed to release drug in a controlled manner to achieve desired efficacy and safety."	( Challenges and opportunities in establishing scientific and regulatory standards for assuring therapeutic equivalence of modified-release products: workshop summary report. Abrahamsson, B; Caro, J; Chen, ML; Conner, D; Davit, B; Fackler, P; Farrell, C; Ganes, D; Gupta, S; Katz, R; Mehta, M; Midha, KK; Nambiar, P; Preskorn, SH; Rocci, ML; Sanderink, G; Shah, VP; Stavchansky, S; Temple, R; Thombre, AG; Wang, Y; Winkle, H; Yu, L, 2010)	0.36
"This pilot study suggests that a higher dosage of zolpidem (> 10 mg/d) is the key risk predictor for CSBs."	( Risk predictors for hypnosedative-related complex sleep behaviors: a retrospective, cross-sectional pilot study. Chen, HC; Hwang, TJ; Liao, SC; Lin, YT; Ni, HC, 2010)	0.61
" We show that the opioid Fentanyl, and its structurally similar sedative Zolpidem, can be embedded into metakaolin based geopolymer pellets to provide prolonged release dosage forms with mechanical strengths of the same order of magnitude as that of human teeth."	( Mechanically strong geopolymers offer new possibilities in treatment of chronic pain. Bredenberg, S; Engqvist, H; Forsgren, J; Jämstorp, E; Strømme, M, 2010)	0.59
" Specialist recommendation to cease or reduce dosage of these medications was associated with a high success rate."	( Hypnosedative use and predictors of successful withdrawal in new patients attending a falls clinic: a retrospective, cohort study. Chang, K; Hilmer, SN; Joester, J; Vogler, CM, 2010)	0.36
" The first case is a 43-year-old woman who took zolpidem up to the dosage of 200 to 400 mg per night."	( Zolpidem dependence and withdrawal seizure--report of two cases. Chu, CL; Juang, YY; Ree, SC; Wang, LJ, 2011)	2.07
"It is necessary to warn patients who take benzodiazepines in therapy that reinforcement of irritability may occur in case of higher dosage of benzodiazepines, which may be misinterpreted as worsening in mental condition."	( Reinforcement of irritability during therapy with benzodiazepines. Kozumplik, O; Uzun, S, 2011)	0.37
" Administering PD 0200390 30 min earlier than standard dosing was shown through simulations to reduce latency to persistent sleep by 40%."	( Modeling sleep data for a new drug in development using markov mixed-effects models. Corrigan, B; Karlsson, MO; Kjellsson, MC; Ouellet, D, 2011)	0.37
"FDA's bioequivalence recommendation for Zolpidem Tartrate Extended Release Tablets is the first to use partial AUC (pAUC) metrics for determining bioequivalence of modified-release dosage forms."	( Use of partial AUC to demonstrate bioequivalence of Zolpidem Tartrate Extended Release formulations. Kim, SH; Lionberger, RA; Raw, AS; Yu, LX; Zhang, X, 2012)	0.9
"This review addresses the neuroreceptor properties of zolpidem; clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and drug interactions; efficacy as a hypnotic; adverse effects; tolerance, dependence and withdrawal; relation to motor vehicle accidents and complex sleep behaviors; and new dosage forms."	( Zolpidem for insomnia. Greenblatt, DJ; Roth, T, 2012)	2.07
" Newly available novel dosage forms of zolpidem have increased therapeutic options for patients with insomnia variants such as sleep maintenance insomnia and middle-of-the-night awakening."	( Zolpidem for insomnia. Greenblatt, DJ; Roth, T, 2012)	2.09
" Zolpidem was then given in dosage of 10 mg three times per day."	( Zolpidem improves neuropsychiatric symptoms and motor dysfunction in a patient with Parkinson's disease after deep brain stimulation. Chiou, SM; Hsu, YT; Huang, HY; Kao, CH; Tsai, CH; Tsai, MC; Wu, YC, 2012)	2.73
" Morning alertness following dosing nights improved in both genders, although significant only in females."	( Gender influences on efficacy and safety of sublingual zolpidem tartrate for middle-of-the-night awakening in insomnia. Moline, M; Roth, T; Singh, NN; Steinberg, F, 2014)	0.65
"Time to return to sleep after middle-of-the-night dosing with ZST improved in both genders, with no gender differences in efficacy and safety."	( Gender influences on efficacy and safety of sublingual zolpidem tartrate for middle-of-the-night awakening in insomnia. Moline, M; Roth, T; Singh, NN; Steinberg, F, 2014)	0.65
" Improvement in memory performance following sleep was lower with bedtime dosing of zolpidem-ER compared to placebo and middle-of-the-night dosing of zaleplon."	( The effect of two benzodiazepine receptor agonist hypnotics on sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Ahmed, HA; Eisenstein, RD; Hall-Porter, JM; Schweitzer, PK; Walsh, JK, 2014)	0.63
" Standard age-based zolpidem dosing practices were employed."	( Relationship between zolpidem concentrations and sleep parameters in pediatric burn patients. Gottschlich, MM; Healy, D; Kagan, RJ; Khoury, JC; Mayes, T; Sherwin, CM; Spigarelli, MG; Stockmann, C, )	0.77
" It has a short half-life with usual dosage regimen being 5 mg, two times a day, or 10 mg, once daily."	( Development of modified-release tablets of zolpidem tartrate by biphasic quick/slow delivery system. Mahapatra, AK; Murthy, PN; Sameeraja, NH, 2015)	0.68
" Participants were dosed with gabapentin alone (n = 39), zolpidem tartrate alone (n = 38), and the combination (gabapentin + zolpidem) (n = 38) over three treatment periods, which were separated by ≥7 days."	( Pharmacokinetic effects of simultaneous administration of single-dose gabapentin 500 mg and zolpidem tartrate 10 mg in healthy volunteers: a randomized, open-label, crossover trial. Furey, SA; Galitz, LA; Jayawardena, S, 2015)	0.88
"Intraoral (IO) delivery is an alternative administration route to deliver a drug substance via the mouth that provides several advantages over conventional oral dosage forms."	( Development of a Novel Oral Cavity Compartmental Absorption and Transit Model for Sublingual Administration: Illustration with Zolpidem. Kesisoglou, F; Lukacova, V; Milewski, M; Xia, B; Yang, Z; Zhou, H; Zhu, W, 2015)	0.62
" Zolpidem exposure and/or the average dosage of zolpidem used (mg/year) were evaluated."	( Association between zolpidem use and glaucoma risk: a Taiwanese population-based case-control study. Chang, YC; Chen, HY; Ho, YH; Huang, WC; Lin, CC; Sung, FC, 2015)	1.65
"A simple, accurate reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method, utilizing a monolithic silica column, for determination of zolpidem hemitartrate and its degradation product in tablet dosage form was developed."	( A rapid HPLC method for determination of zolpidem and its degradation product in tablets using a monolithic column. Kiani, A; Rezaee Zavareh, E; Shafaati, A; Sheikholeslam, Z; Tabatabai, SA, )	0.6
" Zolpidem use also has significant dose-response effects for most of the types of dementia."	( An increased risk of reversible dementia may occur after zolpidem derivative use in the elderly population: a population-based case-control study. Chang, CM; Chi, CH; Hsu, HC; Kao, CH; Lin, CC; Shih, HI; Tu, YF, 2015)	1.57
" The reduced sleep onset and increased sleep duration were maintained upon 7-day repeated dosing (30 mg/kg) with JNJ-42847922, then all sleep parameters returned to baseline levels following discontinuation."	( Characterization of JNJ-42847922, a Selective Orexin-2 Receptor Antagonist, as a Clinical Candidate for the Treatment of Insomnia. Aguilar, Z; Aluisio, L; Bonaventure, P; Carruthers, NI; Chaplan, SR; Dugovic, C; Fraser, I; Halter, R; Koudriakova, T; Letavic, M; Lord, B; Lovenberg, T; Ndifor, A; Nepomuceno, D; Rizzolio, M; Shelton, J; Shoblock, J; Sutton, S; Welty, N; Yun, S, 2015)	0.42
" The present study aimed to compare a partial reinforcement strategy with nightly and intermittent dosing strategies for its potential as a maintenance therapy."	( Durability of treatment response to zolpidem with three different maintenance regimens: a preliminary study. Ader, R; Andalia, P; Barilla, H; Bootzin, R; Bremer, E; Gehrman, P; Grandner, M; Morales, K; Perlis, M; Thase, M; Whinnery, J; Zee, J, 2015)	0.69
" Treatment respondents were randomized to nightly dosing with 10 mg or 5 mg (QHS-10 and QHS-5), intermittent dosing with 10 mg (IDS-10 [3-5 days weekly]), or partial reinforcement dosing with 10 mg (PRS-10 [nightly pill use with 50% active medication and 50% placebos]) for 12 weeks."	( Durability of treatment response to zolpidem with three different maintenance regimens: a preliminary study. Ader, R; Andalia, P; Barilla, H; Bootzin, R; Bremer, E; Gehrman, P; Grandner, M; Morales, K; Perlis, M; Thase, M; Whinnery, J; Zee, J, 2015)	0.69
" For the subjects that remained in remission, the subjects in the intermittent dosing group (IDS-10) group exhibited poorer sleep continuity."	( Durability of treatment response to zolpidem with three different maintenance regimens: a preliminary study. Ader, R; Andalia, P; Barilla, H; Bootzin, R; Bremer, E; Gehrman, P; Grandner, M; Morales, K; Perlis, M; Thase, M; Whinnery, J; Zee, J, 2015)	0.69
" In this study, the next-day residual effects of zolpidem, triazolam, and rilmazafone, following bedtime dosing in elderly subjects, were evaluated."	( Residual effects of zolpidem, triazolam, rilmazafone and placebo in healthy elderly subjects: a randomized double-blind study. Ito, W; Kanbayashi, T; Nishino, S; Satake, M; Shimizu, K; Shimizu, T; Shioya, T; Uemura, SI; Wakasa, M, 2015)	0.99
"Zolpidem with appropriate testing appears to be a credible alternative to electroconvulsive therapy or increased lorazepam dosing and allows continuation of antipsychotic administration."	( Zolpidem test and catatonia. Cottencin, O; Javelot, H; Javelot, T; Michel, B; Steiner, R, 2015)	3.3
" We measured the risk of suicide/suicide attempt in association with zolpidem exposure by using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and assessed the dose-response effect of zolpidem."	( Association Between Zolpidem and Suicide: A Nationwide Population-Based Case-Control Study. Hsu, CY; Kao, CH; Lin, CC; Lu, CJ; Sun, Y, 2016)	0.99
"The present study demonstrated that a combination of biorelevant dissolution testing with modeling approaches enables a mechanistic understanding of the absorption of zolpidem from various formulations and can serve as a useful biopharmaceutical approach for the development of modified release solid oral dosage forms."	( Mechanistic investigation of the negative food effect of modified release zolpidem. Andreas, CJ; Dressman, JB; Markopoulos, C; Pepin, X; Reppas, C; Vertzoni, M, 2017)	0.88
" Clinical findings include unexpected awakenings from vegetative states and regressions of stroke symptoms after dosing that disappear during elimination and reappear on repeat dosing."	( A review of the evidence of zolpidem efficacy in neurological disability after brain damage due to stroke, trauma and hypoxia: A justification of further clinical trials. Clauss, RP; Sutton, JA, 2017)	0.75
"0 mg/kg zolpidem groups showed statistically significant improvements in MBI scores and increased numbers of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) stained cells over the two week dosing period."	( Effect of zolpidem on functional recovery in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Chae, SW; Choi, HY; Chun, SW; Lee, YT; Oh, MK; Park, YH; Park, YS; Shin, HS; Yoon, KJ, 2018)	1.32
" Dosage of zolpidem use was defined using cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) based on the cumulative dosage that patients took within one year after the index date (grouped as: less than 28, 28-90, 91-180, and more than 180 cDDD)."	( The Association Between the Use of Zolpidem and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease Among Older People. Cheng, HT; Erickson, SR; Hong, JL; Lin, FJ; Wu, CH, 2017)	1.12
"This is a retrospective case series of 578 RSAF aircrew members who underwent zolpidem test dosing from 1 January 2005 to 30 June 2017."	( Zolpidem as a Sleep Aid for Military Aviators. See, B; Sen Kew, G, 2018)	2.15
"Our results suggest a low occurrence of adverse effects among military aircrew members who undergo zolpidem test dosing prior to using the drug operationally."	( Zolpidem as a Sleep Aid for Military Aviators. See, B; Sen Kew, G, 2018)	2.14
"Sleep promoting effects were found after the higher dosage of MPP22 and after zolpidem."	( Sleep after intranasal progesterone vs. zolpidem and placebo in postmenopausal women - A randomized, double-blind cross over study. Adamczyk, M; Beitinger, ME; Beitinger, P; Bleifuss, A; Cordeiro, S; Friess, E; Kluge, M; Mattern, C; Rupprecht, R; Schüssler, P; Steiger, A; Uhr, M; Wetter, TC; Yassouridis, A, 2018)	0.98
" Further, while the Food and Drug Administration has pointed out that female dosing should be half that given to males, results of this population testing indicate that the majority of patients (83% male and 73% female) receive 10 mg/day or 12."	( Zolpidem and Zolpidem Carboxylic Acid Results from Medication Monitoring. Cummings, OT; Feng, S; McIntire, G, 2018)	1.92
" Dose-response relationships were observed (for trend, p < ."	( Zolpidem Use and Suicide Death in South Korea: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. Choi, B; Nam, JH; Shin, JY; Sung, HG, 2019)	1.96
" Chronic dosing was not associated with a change in effect size or sleep architecture immediately postdosing."	( Preclinical in vivo characterization of lemborexant (E2006), a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist for sleep/wake regulation. Akasofu, S; Beuckmann, CT; Nakagawa, M; Suzuki, M; Ueno, T, 2019)	0.51
" The FDA acted to reduce the recommended dosage for women down to 50% of the dose for men."	( Zolpidem and Gender: Are Women Really At Risk? Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Roth, T, )	1.57
"To evaluate the dose-response relationship of daridorexant, a new dual orexin receptor antagonist, on sleep variables in subjects with insomnia disorder."	( Daridorexant, a New Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist to Treat Insomnia Disorder. Dauvilliers, Y; Fietze, I; Hedner, J; Mayleben, D; Pain, S; Seboek Kinter, D; Zammit, G, 2020)	0.56
" A significant dose-response relationship (multiple comparison procedure-modeling, 2-sided p < 0."	( Daridorexant, a New Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist to Treat Insomnia Disorder. Dauvilliers, Y; Fietze, I; Hedner, J; Mayleben, D; Pain, S; Seboek Kinter, D; Zammit, G, 2020)	0.56
" Regarding safety and tolerability, analyses suggest a low risk of daytime sleepiness and of deleterious effects on memory or psychomotor performance, provided that recommended dosage and precautions are followed."	( More than a quarter century of the most prescribed sleeping pill: Systematic review of zolpidem use by older adults. Camargos, EF; Cross, NE; Dang-Vu, TT; Louzada, LL; Machado, FV; Nóbrega, OT, 2020)	0.78
" Factors such as age (0-39 years), consuming controlled-release dosage formulations of zolpidem, presence of psychiatric disorders (depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorder) and other medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes mellitus and arthritis) were observed to be risk predictors for zolpidem overutilisation."	( Zolpidem overutilisation among Korean patients with insomnia. Je, NK; Kim, H; Kim, J; Park, S, 2020)	2.22
" emergency department (ED) visits from zolpidem-attributed adverse drug reactions (ADRs) after 2013 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Drug Safety Communications (DSCs), which notified the public about FDA's new dosing recommendations for zolpidem."	( Changes in emergency department visits for zolpidem-attributed adverse drug reactions after FDA Drug Safety Communications. Budnitz, DS; Dal Pan, GJ; Geller, AI; Lovegrove, MC; Zhou, EH, 2020)	1.09
" Each subject received a single oral dose of zolpidem 5 mg with or without a steady-state concentration of clarithromycin (a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4), and plasma concentrations of zolpidem were measured up to 12 h after zolpidem dosing by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method."	( Relationship between plasma exposure of zolpidem and CYP2D6 genotype in healthy Korean subjects. Byeon, JY; Cho, CK; Jang, CG; Jung, EH; Lee, CM; Lee, SY; Lee, YJ; Lim, CW; Oh, KY; Shin, HB, 2020)	1.09
" Zolpidem has been marketed in new dosage forms that include sublingual tablets and oral spray formulations."	( New pharmacologic agents for insomnia and hypersomnia. Earl, DC; Van Tyle, KM, 2020)	1.47
"Recent advancements in the treatment of insomnia includes agents with novel mechanisms, new indications, and new dosage forms."	( New pharmacologic agents for insomnia and hypersomnia. Earl, DC; Van Tyle, KM, 2020)	0.56
" We compared adverse events for 3532 patients newly prescribed Z-drugs by time-varying dosage to (1) 1833 non-sedative-users with sleep disturbance; (2) 10,214 non-sedative-users with proximal GP consultation matched on age, sex, and antipsychotic use; and (3) 5172 patients newly prescribed benzodiazepines."	( Adverse effects of Z-drugs for sleep disturbance in people living with dementia: a population-based cohort study. Aldus, C; Arthur, A; Ballard, C; Boyd, PJ; Fox, C; Howard, R; Loke, YK; Maidment, I; Richardson, K; Savva, GM; Steel, N, 2020)	0.56
" Dosing recommendations are offered together with the FDA Safety Announcement addressing dose reductions for women due to possible carry-over effects the morning after ingesting zolpidem."	( Impetuous suicidality with zolpidem use: a case report and minireview. Brady, M; Cunningham, MG, 2021)	1.11
"Previous research has shown that after one month of full dose nightly treatment with zolpidem (priming), subjects with chronic insomnia (CI) switched to intermittent dosing with medication and placebos were able to maintain their treatment responses."	( Durability of treatment response to zolpidem using a partial reinforcement regimen: does this strategy require priming? Ader, R; Gooneratne, N; Grandner, MA; Kaptchuk, TJ; Morales, KH; Muench, A; Perlis, ML; Seewald, M; Thase, ME; Vargas, I, 2021)	1.12
"55 CI subjects underwent a baseline evaluation (Phase-1) and then were randomized to one of two conditions in Phase-2 of the study: one month of (1) nightly medication use with standard-dose zolpidem (QHS [n = 39]) or (2) intermittent dosing with standard-dose zolpidem and placebos (IDwP [n = 16])."	( Durability of treatment response to zolpidem using a partial reinforcement regimen: does this strategy require priming? Ader, R; Gooneratne, N; Grandner, MA; Kaptchuk, TJ; Morales, KH; Muench, A; Perlis, ML; Seewald, M; Thase, ME; Vargas, I, 2021)	1.09
"These results suggest that intermittent dosing with placebos can maintain effects but do not allow for the additional clinical gains afforded by continuous treatment."	( Durability of treatment response to zolpidem using a partial reinforcement regimen: does this strategy require priming? Ader, R; Gooneratne, N; Grandner, MA; Kaptchuk, TJ; Morales, KH; Muench, A; Perlis, ML; Seewald, M; Thase, ME; Vargas, I, 2021)	0.9
" In this study, digital light processing (DLP) technique was used to fabricate oral dosage forms of different shapes with zolpidem tartrate (ZT), incorporated within its therapeutic range."	( Formulation and characterization of immediate-release oral dosage forms with zolpidem tartrate fabricated by digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technique. Adamov, I; Ibrić, S; Ivković, B; Kočović, D; Medarević, D; Mirković, D; Stanojević, G, 2022)	1.16
" Dose-response analysis also revealed a significantly increased risk of suicide in patients receiving ≥ 180cDDD (cumulative defined daily doses) of zolpidem (124 times), followed by 90-179cDDD (113 times) and <90cDDD (93 times) of zolpidem compared to non-users."	( Zolpidem use and risk of suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Agarwal, NB; Ashif Khan, M; Garg, A; Hussain, S; Khan, H; Yadav, DK, 2022)	2.36
" Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) 2013 decision to lower recommended Ambien dosing for women has been widely cited as a hallmark example of the importance of sex differences in biomedicine."	( Making a 'sex-difference fact': Ambien dosing at the interface of policy, regulation, women's health, and biology. Boulicault, M; DeJesus, K; DiMarco, M; Fair, A; Ichikawa, K; Jillson, K; Perret, M; Richardson, SS; Zhao, H, 2023)	0.91

Role	Description
central nervous system depressant	A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system.
GABA agonist	A drug that binds to and activates gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors.
sedative	A central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
imidazopyridine
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID893
Chain B, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID893
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.1778	14.3909	39.8107	AID2147
Luciferase	Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)	Potency	27.5404	0.0072	15.7588	89.3584	AID1224835
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	11.9621	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	29.0929	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686979
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.3332	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1726	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID743040; AID743042; AID743054
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	18.5899	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.3768	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.4643	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720691; AID720719
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	20.4250	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	11.0431	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1224842; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.7101	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.4971	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.1300	0.0237	23.2282	63.5986	AID743222
aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	24.3414	0.0007	23.0674	1,258.9301	AID743085; AID743122
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.7101	0.0017	23.8393	78.1014	AID743083
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0018	15.6638	39.8107	AID894
peripheral myelin protein 22	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	40.5334	0.0056	12.3677	36.1254	AID624032
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0316	10.2792	39.8107	AID884; AID885
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	5.6234	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.3332	0.0119	17.9420	71.5630	AID651632
Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.3332	0.0119	12.2221	68.7989	AID651632
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	25.1189	1.0000	12.2248	31.6228	AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5075	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0365	0.0002	0.6561	10.0000	AID187152; AID40372
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.3959	0.0000	0.2108	5.6234	AID1615598; AID1798656; AID219791; AID239564; AID262560; AID282665; AID345418; AID527597; AID72467; AID72916; AID72927
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5075	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0365	0.0002	0.6561	10.0000	AID187152; AID40372
Translocator protein	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	4.7000	0.0001	0.6393	4.8100	AID42316
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	0.0530	0.0009	0.8398	5.6234	AID262560
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5075	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0365	0.0002	0.6561	10.0000	AID187152; AID40372
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.5942	0.0000	0.1881	9.0000	AID1798656; AID219791; AID219938; AID219953; AID239563; AID239564; AID239565; AID239566; AID262560; AID262561; AID282665; AID282666; AID282667; AID345419; AID345423; AID345620; AID527597; AID527598; AID527599; AID527601; AID527602; AID71266; AID71267; AID72467; AID72477; AID72620; AID72625; AID72916; AID72927; AID73078; AID73089; AID73233; AID73244; AID73378; AID73523; AID73529
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5057	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	2.1997	0.0002	0.5614	10.0000	AID187152; AID219782; AID219784; AID219947; AID220441; AID220443; AID220445; AID220446; AID220448; AID239648; AID239649; AID262959; AID262960; AID280841; AID280842; AID371917; AID371920; AID40372; AID71245; AID72286; AID72765; AID72766; AID73070; AID73220; AID73222; AID73534
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.4973	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	4.0216	0.0002	0.6352	10.0000	AID1428230; AID187152; AID371920; AID40372; AID73534
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5075	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.3410	0.0002	0.6217	10.0000	AID1428229; AID187152; AID219947; AID40372; AID71245; AID73220; AID73222
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.4988	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0365	0.0002	0.6758	10.0000	AID187152; AID40372
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5046	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.4306	0.0002	0.6469	10.0000	AID1428228; AID187152; AID239649; AID262960; AID280842; AID371918; AID40372; AID73070
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5075	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0365	0.0002	0.6561	10.0000	AID187152; AID40372
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	3.0819	0.0001	0.2076	9.0000	AID219791; AID219938; AID219953; AID239563; AID239564; AID239565; AID239566; AID282665; AID282666; AID282667; AID527597; AID527598; AID527599; AID527601; AID527602; AID71266; AID71267; AID72467; AID72477; AID72620; AID72625; AID72916; AID72927; AID73078; AID73089; AID73233; AID73244; AID73378; AID73523; AID73529
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5075	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0365	0.0002	0.6561	10.0000	AID187152; AID40372
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5075	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	4.6361	0.0002	0.6712	10.0000	AID187152; AID220441; AID220443; AID220445; AID220446; AID220448; AID40372
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	3.6008	0.0001	0.2442	5.6234	AID1798656; AID239566; AID345422; AID527601; AID72625; AID73378; AID73523; AID73529
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.5443	0.0001	0.2515	5.6234	AID1615599; AID1798656; AID219953; AID239565; AID262561; AID282667; AID345620; AID527599; AID72620; AID73233; AID73244
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	1.5069	0.0001	0.2401	5.6234	AID1798656; AID219938; AID239563; AID282666; AID345419; AID527598; AID72477; AID73078; AID73089
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.2165	0.0000	0.2832	5.6234	AID1798656; AID262561; AID345419; AID345423; AID345620
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	2.3343	0.0002	0.3709	5.6234	AID1798656; AID345421
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5065	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.8685	0.0002	0.5577	10.0000	AID1428227; AID187152; AID219782; AID219784; AID239648; AID262959; AID280841; AID371917; AID40372; AID72286; AID72765; AID72766
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5057	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	2.5270	0.0002	0.6403	10.0000	AID187152; AID371920; AID40372; AID73534
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5075	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	1.9649	0.0002	0.5708	10.0000	AID187152; AID219782; AID219784; AID219947; AID220441; AID220443; AID220445; AID220446; AID220448; AID239648; AID239649; AID262959; AID262960; AID280841; AID280842; AID371917; AID40372; AID71245; AID72286; AID72765; AID72766; AID73070; AID73220; AID73222
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	10.0000	0.0000	0.7307	8.0000	AID220441
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	3.0530	0.0002	0.4119	9.0000	AID1798656; AID345423; AID527602; AID71266; AID71267
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Ki	0.7650	0.0150	0.9100	1.9500	AID371918
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5075	10.0000	AID42319
GABA theta subunit	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0365	0.0002	0.6561	10.0000	AID187152; AID40372
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0480	0.0001	0.5075	10.0000	AID42319
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	0.0365	0.0002	0.6561	10.0000	AID187152; AID40372
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)	Kd	63.0000	0.0893	3.3135	8.0000	AID1657079
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.2097	0.0011	2.0009	10.0000	AID1333431; AID221774; AID359880
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.2100	0.0014	1.9578	10.0000	AID1333431; AID219936
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.1910	0.0007	0.1791	1.4500	AID359880
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	3.0000	0.0030	1.5821	9.8000	AID71247
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	3.0000	0.0100	1.2009	5.6234	AID71238
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.4585	0.0120	1.1751	5.2000	AID219936; AID71233
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.2100	0.0014	1.7768	10.0000	AID1333431; AID219936
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cellular response to starvation	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to calcium ion starvation	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular oxidant detoxification	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
transport	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
central nervous system neuron development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to progesterone	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
ovulation cycle	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
post-embryonic development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
adult behavior	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
roof of mouth development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
associative learning	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear receptor cell development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
innervation	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inner ear receptor cell development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
innervation	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamine	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cochlea development	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling pathway	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, GABAergic	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse assembly	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
cell population proliferation	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of B cell proliferation	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear DNA replication	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction in response to DNA damage	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
isotype switching	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA replication	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of isotype switching to IgG isotypes	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloading	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediator	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transition	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor internalization	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translation	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA metabolic process	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
P-body assembly	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
stress granule assembly	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA transport	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
oxygen binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
toxic substance binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
antioxidant activity	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
pyridoxal phosphate binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
exogenous protein binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
enterobactin binding	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled neurotransmitter receptor activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
benzodiazepine receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-gated chloride ion channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activity	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA clamp unloader activity	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA binding	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular region	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule lumen	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
blood microparticle	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Albumin	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic active zone membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
inhibitory synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-ergic synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellar Golgi cell to granule cell synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic specialization membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
GABA-A receptor complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter complex	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron projection	Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	Homo sapiens (human)
Elg1 RFC-like complex	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatus	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi network	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granule	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasm	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complex	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granule	Ataxin-2	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1798656	Radioligand Binding Assay from Article 10.1021/jm800889m: \\Structural Requirements for Eszopiclone and Zolpidem Binding to the gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type-A (GABAA) Receptor Are Different.\\	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347152	Confirmatory screen NINDS AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347161	Confirmatory screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347168	HepG2 cells viability qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347149	Furin counterscreen qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347167	Vero cells viability qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347169	Tertiary RLuc qRT-PCR qHTS assay for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347153	Confirmatory screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1725854	Positive allosteric modulator activity at rat alpha1beta2gamma2L GABA-A receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes in presence of EC2-5 GABA by two-electrode voltage clamp assay	2020	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-12, Volume: 11, Issue:11	Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pyrroloindolines as Positive Allosteric Modulators of the α1β2γ2 GABA
AID678714	Inhibition of human CYP2C19 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 3-butyryl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1657079	Binding affinity to albumin (unknown origin)	2020	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 07-09, Volume: 63, Issue:13	The Medicinal Chemistry in the Era of Machines and Automation: Recent Advances in Continuous Flow Technology.
AID345426	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 A79C receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1916592	Antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 assessed as bacterial growth inhibition measured after 5 days by MABA method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Emerging impact of triazoles as anti-tubercular agent.
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID371918	Displacement of [3H]flumazenil from rat GABA-A alpha-2-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Identification of anxiolytic/nonsedative agents among indol-3-ylglyoxylamides acting as functionally selective agonists at the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) alpha2 benzodiazepine receptor.
AID111170	Percent anticonvulsant activity against PTZ induced attack in mice at dose of 10 mg/kg	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-16, Volume: 46, Issue:2	Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. 3. New 6-(3-thienyl) series as alpha 1 selective ligands.
AID588216	FDA HLAED, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID73535	Inhibition of [3H]flumazenil binding to rat GABA-A receptor alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells at 10 uM	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 44, Issue:14	Novel N-(arylalkyl)indol-3-ylglyoxylylamides targeted as ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor: synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling analysis of the structure-activity relationships.
AID1333448	Antipsychotic activity in rat assessed as reversal of amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion at 1 mg/kg, ip treated for 60 mins prior to test followed by amphetamine administration 15 mins prior to test by open field test	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID395325	Lipophilicity, log P by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Relationship between brain tissue partitioning and microemulsion retention factors of CNS drugs.
AID345425	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 F77C receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID220296	Binding affinity for rat GABA-A receptor alpha-5--beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:26	Four amino acid exchanges convert a diazepam-insensitive, inverse agonist-preferring GABAA receptor into a diazepam-preferring GABAA receptor.
AID395327	Dissociation constant, pKa by capillary electrophoresis	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Relationship between brain tissue partitioning and microemulsion retention factors of CNS drugs.
AID280842	Displacement of [3H]flumazenil from rat GABAA alpha-2-beta-2-gamma-2 expressed in HEK293 cells	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 50, Issue:7	Novel N-substituted indol-3-ylglyoxylamides probing the LDi and L1/L2 lipophilic regions of the benzodiazepine receptor site in search for subtype-selective ligands.
AID298032	Acid dissociation constant, pKa of the compound	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-20, Volume: 50, Issue:19	High-throughput screening of drug-brain tissue binding and in silico prediction for assessment of central nervous system drug delivery.
AID71245	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from rat GABA-A receptor alpha-3-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 45, Issue:26	Benzodiazepine receptor ligands. 7. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new 3-esters of the 8-chloropyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine 5-oxide. 3-(2-Thienylmethoxycarbonyl) derivative: an anxioselective agent in rodents.
AID678717	Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-benzyloxyquinoline as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID221774	Effective concentration against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 1	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-07, Volume: 45, Issue:23	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimdin-5(6H)-ones as functionally selective ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA(A) receptor.
AID220446	Binding affinity for mutant rat GABA-A receptor alpha-6-(his,thr,gly)beta2gamma2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:26	Four amino acid exchanges convert a diazepam-insensitive, inverse agonist-preferring GABAA receptor into a diazepam-preferring GABAA receptor.
AID625282	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID345431	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 L140C receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID345453	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 T126C receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID71249	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from rat GABA-A receptor alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 45, Issue:26	Benzodiazepine receptor ligands. 7. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new 3-esters of the 8-chloropyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine 5-oxide. 3-(2-Thienylmethoxycarbonyl) derivative: an anxioselective agent in rodents.
AID618180	Neurotoxicity in CD rat assessed as impairment of motor coordination at 1 to 10 mg/kg, po by rotarod test in presence of 1 g/kg, ip ethanol	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 21, Issue:18	Discovery process and pharmacological characterization of a novel dual orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptor antagonist useful for treatment of sleep disorders.
AID187152	Binding affinity was determined by displacement of [3H]flumazenil from rat cortex homogenates	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-07, Volume: 45, Issue:23	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimdin-5(6H)-ones as functionally selective ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA(A) receptor.
AID282666	Displacement of [3H]Ro 15-1788 from human recombinant GABAA alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor expressed in L(tk-) cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-17, Volume: 48, Issue:23	7-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-6-(2-ethyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethoxy)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine: a functionally selective gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) alpha2/alpha3-subtype selective agonist that exhibits potent anxiolytic activi
AID588213	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID473457	Effect on sleep-awake pattern in CD IGS rat model of insomnia assessed as latency to REM sleep at 30 mg/kg, po by EEG/EMG study relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Novel benzothiophene H1-antihistamines for the treatment of insomnia.
AID431659	Plasma concentration in rat at 60 mg/kg, po after 1 hr	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17	Characterization of novel selective H1-antihistamines for clinical evaluation in the treatment of insomnia.
AID588219	FDA HLAED, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID678712	Inhibition of human CYP1A2 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using ethoxyresorufin as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1333447	Antipsychotic activity in rat assessed as reversal of amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion at 1 mg/kg, ip treated for 30 mins prior to test followed by amphetamine administration 15 mins prior to test by open field test	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID111171	Percent anticonvulsant activity against PTZ induced attack in mice at dose of 3 mg/kg	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-16, Volume: 46, Issue:2	Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. 3. New 6-(3-thienyl) series as alpha 1 selective ligands.
AID72625	Binding affinity for human GABA-A receptor alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 subunits in L(tk-) cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 47, Issue:7	3-phenyl-6-(2-pyridyl)methyloxy-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines and analogues: high-affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid-A benzodiazepine receptor ligands with alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 5-subtype binding selectivity over alpha 1.
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID73244	Binding affinity for human recombinant gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) A receptor alpha-3-beta-3-gamma-2	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 43, Issue:1	Pharmacophore/receptor models for GABA(A)/BzR subtypes (alpha1beta3gamma2, alpha5beta3gamma2, and alpha6beta3gamma2) via a comprehensive ligand-mapping approach.
AID73228	Percent change in electrophysiological response in Xenopus oocytes expressing Alpha3-beta3-gamma2 GABA-A receptor	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 47, Issue:14	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-heterocyclyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-(7,10-ethano)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines and analogues as subtype-selective inverse agonists for the GABA(A)alpha5 benzodiazepine binding site.
AID42316	Displacement of Ro 5-4864 from peripheral (renal cell) Benzodiazepine receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 40, Issue:19	Synthesis and binding affinity of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridine derivatives for both central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors. A new series of high-affinity and selective ligands for the peripheral type.
AID588218	FDA HLAED, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID345460	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 R194C receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID625292	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID527602	Displacement of [3H]flunitrazepam from human recombinant GABAA alpha-6-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK cells by liquid scintillation counting	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21	Design, synthesis, and subtype selectivity of 3,6-disubstituted β-carbolines at Bz/GABA(A)ergic receptors. SAR and studies directed toward agents for treatment of alcohol abuse.
AID239648	Displacement of [3H]flumazenil from rat GABA-A Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 expressed in HEK293 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8	High affinity central benzodiazepine receptor ligands: synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of phenyltriazolobenzotriazindione derivatives.
AID1333438	Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 24 hrs by PrestoBlue assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID678713	Inhibition of human CYP2C9 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-3-acetic acid as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID219791	Binding affinity measured using LtK- cell membranes expressing GABA alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Synthesis and evaluation of analogues of the partial agonist 6-(propyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (6-PBC) and the full agonist 6-(benzyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Zk 93423)
AID678715	Inhibition of human CYP2D6 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 4-methylaminoethyl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID254368	Binding affinity for rat alpha2 beta2/3 gamma2 GABA-A/BzR receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 48, Issue:21	A novel selective GABA(A) alpha1 receptor agonist displaying sedative and anxiolytic-like properties in rodents.
AID433074	Antihistamine activity in Wistar rat EEG/EMG model assessed as increase in time spent in non rapid eye movement sleep stage at 30 mg/kg, po administered during activity portion of diurnal cycle 6 hrs after lights-off measured in 4 hrs	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Brain-penetrating 2-aminobenzimidazole H(1)-antihistamines for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1458403	Transactivation of human FXR expressed in human HeLa cells co-expressing BSEP up to 10 uM after 24 hrs by dual-glo luciferase reporter gene assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-24, Volume: 60, Issue:16	Nonacidic Farnesoid X Receptor Modulators.
AID1333431	Positive allosteric modulation of human recombinant GABA-A receptor alpha1beta2gamma2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as potentiation of of GABA induced chloride currents treated every 60 secs measured for 7 secs by electrophysiological method	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID668129	Hypnotic activity in fasted C57BL/6N mouse assessed as increase in pentobarbital-induced sleep duration at 10 mg/kg, po administered 45 mins prior to pentobarbital-induction by polysomnographic analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 20, Issue:11	Hypnotic effects and GABAergic mechanism of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) ethanol extract and its major flavonoid constituent glabrol.
AID345421	Displacement of [3H]Ro-154513 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-4-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID433079	Antihistamine activity in Wistar rat EEG/EMG model assessed as longest 3 REM bouts at 30 mg/kg, po administered during activity portion of diurnal cycle 6 hrs after lights-off measured in 6 hrs	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Brain-penetrating 2-aminobenzimidazole H(1)-antihistamines for the treatment of insomnia.
AID345459	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 R185C receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID345437	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha1 D97C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1164680	Displacement of [3H]muscimol form GABAA receptor in rat cerebral cortex assessed as specific radio-ligand binding level at 1 uM incubated for 10 mins by liquid scintillation counting method	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86	Studies on the anticonvulsant activity of 4-alkyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones and their effect on GABAergic system.
AID220128	Binding affinity for rat GABA-A receptor alpha-4-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:26	Four amino acid exchanges convert a diazepam-insensitive, inverse agonist-preferring GABAA receptor into a diazepam-preferring GABAA receptor.
AID1166965	Induction of sleep in C57BL/6NCrlCrlj mouse assessed as reduction in wakefulness time at 100 mg/kg up to 3 hrs by EEG/EMG analysis	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 22, Issue:21	Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of a series of novel N-aryl-2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide that are potent and orally active orexin receptor antagonists.
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID282667	Displacement of [3H]Ro 15-1788 from human recombinant GABAA alpha-3-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor expressed in L(tk-) cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-17, Volume: 48, Issue:23	7-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-6-(2-ethyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethoxy)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine: a functionally selective gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) alpha2/alpha3-subtype selective agonist that exhibits potent anxiolytic activi
AID345440	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha1 A160C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID345445	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha1 S205C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID71266	Binding affinity for human recombinant gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) A receptor alpha-6-beta-3-gamma-2	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 43, Issue:1	Pharmacophore/receptor models for GABA(A)/BzR subtypes (alpha1beta3gamma2, alpha5beta3gamma2, and alpha6beta3gamma2) via a comprehensive ligand-mapping approach.
AID345457	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 R144C receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID625285	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1333450	Plasma elimination half life in human	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID73078	Binding affinity towards human gamma-aminobutyric-acid A receptor alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 using [3H]Ro-151788 expressed in L(tk-) cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 47, Issue:14	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-heterocyclyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-(7,10-ethano)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines and analogues as subtype-selective inverse agonists for the GABA(A)alpha5 benzodiazepine binding site.
AID71247	Effective concentration against Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor, alpha 5	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-07, Volume: 45, Issue:23	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimdin-5(6H)-ones as functionally selective ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA(A) receptor.
AID72916	Binding affinity towards human alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2 GABA-A receptor using [3H]Ro-151788 expressed in L(tk-) cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 47, Issue:14	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-heterocyclyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-(7,10-ethano)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines and analogues as subtype-selective inverse agonists for the GABA(A)alpha5 benzodiazepine binding site.
AID345468	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha1 S205C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID444050	Fraction unbound in human plasma	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1164681	Displacement of [3H]flunitrazepam form benzodiazepine receptor in rat cerebral cortex assessed as specific radio-ligand binding level at 1 uM incubated for 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting method	2014	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-30, Volume: 86	Studies on the anticonvulsant activity of 4-alkyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones and their effect on GABAergic system.
AID1333434	Drug metabolism in human liver microsomes assessed as 2-(2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-6-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide formation at 20 uM preincubated for 15 mins followed by NADPH addition measured after 60 mins by UPLC-MS/MS anal	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID345419	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-2-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID473452	Effect on sleep-awake pattern in CD IGS rat model of insomnia assessed as latency to NREM sleep at 30 mg/kg, po by EEG/EMG study relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Novel benzothiophene H1-antihistamines for the treatment of insomnia.
AID433075	Antihistamine activity in Wistar rat EEG/EMG model assessed as non rapid eye movement sleep stage latency at 30 mg/kg, po administered during activity portion of diurnal cycle 6 hrs after lights-off measured in 4 hrs	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Brain-penetrating 2-aminobenzimidazole H(1)-antihistamines for the treatment of insomnia.
AID72138	Binding affinity to rat chimeric GABA-A receptor C6, alpha1-alpha6 chimeric subunit co-expressed with beta-2 gamma2 subunits in HEK293 cells	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:26	Four amino acid exchanges convert a diazepam-insensitive, inverse agonist-preferring GABAA receptor into a diazepam-preferring GABAA receptor.
AID433078	Antihistamine activity in Wistar rat EEG/EMG model assessed as longest 3 NREM bouts at 30 mg/kg, po administered during activity portion of diurnal cycle 6 hrs after lights-off measured in 6 hrs	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Brain-penetrating 2-aminobenzimidazole H(1)-antihistamines for the treatment of insomnia.
AID239565	Inhibition of [3H]Ro-151788 binding to recombinant human gamma-aminobutyric-acid A receptor alpha-3-beta-3-gamma-2 subtype expressed in L (tk-) cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 48, Issue:5	Discovery of functionally selective 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-7,10-ethano-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines as GABA A receptor agonists at the alpha3 subunit.
AID254370	Binding affinity for rat alpha-5 beta2/3 gamma2 GABA-A/BzR receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 48, Issue:21	A novel selective GABA(A) alpha1 receptor agonist displaying sedative and anxiolytic-like properties in rodents.
AID345454	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 R132C receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID119174	Muscle relaxant effect in mice at dose of 3 mg/kg using rotarod test, value was expressed as no. of falls in 30 seconds	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-16, Volume: 46, Issue:2	Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. 3. New 6-(3-thienyl) series as alpha 1 selective ligands.
AID444053	Renal clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID588214	FDA HLAED, liver enzyme composite activity	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID345451	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 A79C receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID345429	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 M130C receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1428228	Displacement of [3H]RO15-1788 from recombinant rat GABAalpha2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 1 hr	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	An insight on synthetic and medicinal aspects of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold.
AID243996	Inhibition of [3H]flumazenil binding to rat Gamma-aminobutyric acid A GABA-A receptor alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in HEK293 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8	High affinity central benzodiazepine receptor ligands: synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of phenyltriazolobenzotriazindione derivatives.
AID345433	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 R144C receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID625281	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1216814	Metabolic activation assessed as CYP2C9 activation-induced cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells transfected with human AdCYP2C9 at MOI 10 for 2 days in presence of siNrf2 at 25 to 100 uM after 24 hrs by WST-8 assay	2011	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, May, Volume: 39, Issue:5	CYP2C9-mediated metabolic activation of losartan detected by a highly sensitive cell-based screening assay.
AID282669	Efficacy at human recombinant GABAA alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by two electrode voltage clamp method relative to GABA	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-17, Volume: 48, Issue:23	7-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-6-(2-ethyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethoxy)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine: a functionally selective gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) alpha2/alpha3-subtype selective agonist that exhibits potent anxiolytic activi
AID73074	Percent change in electrophysiological response in Xenopus oocytes expressing Alpha2-beta3-gamma2 GABA-A receptor	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 47, Issue:14	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-heterocyclyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-(7,10-ethano)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines and analogues as subtype-selective inverse agonists for the GABA(A)alpha5 benzodiazepine binding site.
AID1428229	Displacement of [3H]RO15-1788 from recombinant rat GABAalpha3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 1 hr	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	An insight on synthetic and medicinal aspects of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold.
AID1333432	Positive allosteric modulation of human recombinant GABA-A receptor alpha1beta2gamma2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as potentiation of of GABA induced chloride currents at 1 uM treated every 60 secs measured for 7 secs by electrophysiological method	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID71267	Binding affinity measured using LtK- cell membranes expressing Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-6-beta-3-gamma-2	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Synthesis and evaluation of analogues of the partial agonist 6-(propyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (6-PBC) and the full agonist 6-(benzyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Zk 93423)
AID42319	Displacement of [3H]flunitrazepam from rat brain GABA-A Benzodiazepine receptor	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 40, Issue:19	Synthesis and binding affinity of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridine derivatives for both central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors. A new series of high-affinity and selective ligands for the peripheral type.
AID72467	Binding affinity for human GABA-A receptor alpha-4-beta-3-gamma-2 subunits in L(tk-) cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 47, Issue:7	3-phenyl-6-(2-pyridyl)methyloxy-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines and analogues: high-affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid-A benzodiazepine receptor ligands with alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 5-subtype binding selectivity over alpha 1.
AID444054	Oral bioavailability in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID345424	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 D56C receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID71238	Effective concentration against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 3	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-07, Volume: 45, Issue:23	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimdin-5(6H)-ones as functionally selective ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA(A) receptor.
AID345423	Displacement of [3H]Ro-154513 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-6-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID345620	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-3-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID71235	Displacement of [3H]-Ro-15-1788 from rat GABA-A receptor alpha-2-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 45, Issue:26	Benzodiazepine receptor ligands. 7. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new 3-esters of the 8-chloropyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine 5-oxide. 3-(2-Thienylmethoxycarbonyl) derivative: an anxioselective agent in rodents.
AID527599	Displacement of [3H]flunitrazepam from human recombinant GABAA alpha-3-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK cells by liquid scintillation counting	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21	Design, synthesis, and subtype selectivity of 3,6-disubstituted β-carbolines at Bz/GABA(A)ergic receptors. SAR and studies directed toward agents for treatment of alcohol abuse.
AID345441	Displacement of [3H]Ro15-1788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha1 T162C beta-2-gamma-2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID282670	Efficacy at human recombinant GABAA alpha-3-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by two electrode voltage clamp method relative to GABA	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-17, Volume: 48, Issue:23	7-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-6-(2-ethyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethoxy)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine: a functionally selective gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) alpha2/alpha3-subtype selective agonist that exhibits potent anxiolytic activi
AID1192111	Toxicity in Wistar rat assessed as effect on rotarod performance at 10 mg/kg, ip administered 30 mins prior to the test by rotarod test	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 23, Issue:6	Discovery and in vitro and in vivo profiles of N-ethyl-N-[2-[3-(5-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethyl]-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)-benzamide as a novel class of dual orexin receptor antagonist.
AID444051	Total clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID71246	Maximum percent potentiation against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 5	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-07, Volume: 45, Issue:23	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimdin-5(6H)-ones as functionally selective ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA(A) receptor.
AID431651	Increase in NREM sleep in CD IGS rat model of insomnia at 30 mg/kg, po after 4 hrs by EEG/EMG study relative to vehicle control	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17	Characterization of novel selective H1-antihistamines for clinical evaluation in the treatment of insomnia.
AID254367	Binding affinity for rat alpha-1 beta2/3 gamma2 GABA A / BzR receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 48, Issue:21	A novel selective GABA(A) alpha1 receptor agonist displaying sedative and anxiolytic-like properties in rodents.
AID345463	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha1 A160C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID280841	Displacement of [3H]flumazenil from rat GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 expressed in HEK293 cells	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 50, Issue:7	Novel N-substituted indol-3-ylglyoxylamides probing the LDi and L1/L2 lipophilic regions of the benzodiazepine receptor site in search for subtype-selective ligands.
AID588217	FDA HLAED, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID1615599	Inhibition of GABAA receptor alpha3 (unknown origin)	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	Imidazopyridine-based selective and multifunctional ligands of biological targets associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
AID540211	Fraction unbound in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID588215	FDA HLAED, alkaline phosphatase increase	2004	Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4	Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling.
AID625284	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625283	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID345422	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-5-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID527597	Displacement of [3H]flunitrazepam from human recombinant GABAA alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK cells by liquid scintillation counting	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21	Design, synthesis, and subtype selectivity of 3,6-disubstituted β-carbolines at Bz/GABA(A)ergic receptors. SAR and studies directed toward agents for treatment of alcohol abuse.
AID618179	Neurotoxicity in CD rat assessed as impairment of motor coordination at 1 to 10 mg/kg, po by rotarod test	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 21, Issue:18	Discovery process and pharmacological characterization of a novel dual orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptor antagonist useful for treatment of sleep disorders.
AID73233	Binding affinity towards human gamma-aminobutyric-acid A receptor alpha-3-beta-3-gamma-2 using [3H]Ro-151788 expressed in L(tk-) cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 47, Issue:14	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-heterocyclyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-(7,10-ethano)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines and analogues as subtype-selective inverse agonists for the GABA(A)alpha5 benzodiazepine binding site.
AID625280	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID345448	Displacement of [3H]Ro15-1788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1 V211C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID668133	Hypnotic activity in fasted C57BL/6N mouse assessed as decrease in pentobarbital-induced sleep latency at 10 mg/kg, po administered 45 mins prior to pentobarbital-induction coadministered with flumazenil by polysomnographic analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 20, Issue:11	Hypnotic effects and GABAergic mechanism of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) ethanol extract and its major flavonoid constituent glabrol.
AID359228	Activity at rat wild type GABAA alpha-1V202Cbeta-2-gamma-2 mutant receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes assessed as GABA-elicited response by two electrode voltage clamp method relative to control	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-07, Volume: 282, Issue:36	Proximity-accelerated chemical coupling reaction in the benzodiazepine-binding site of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors: superposition of different allosteric modulators.
AID359236	Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1H101Cbeta-2-gamma-2 mutant receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes assessed as change in GABA-induced current amplitude at 10 uM after 1 min exposure to GABA by two electrode voltage clamp method	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-07, Volume: 282, Issue:36	Proximity-accelerated chemical coupling reaction in the benzodiazepine-binding site of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors: superposition of different allosteric modulators.
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID425653	Renal clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID371920	Displacement of [3H]flumazenil from rat GABA-A alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Identification of anxiolytic/nonsedative agents among indol-3-ylglyoxylamides acting as functionally selective agonists at the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) alpha2 benzodiazepine receptor.
AID119145	Synergic sedative effect was tested in mice using the Hole Board test at peroral dose of 3 mg/kg, value was expressed in holes	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-16, Volume: 46, Issue:2	Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. 3. New 6-(3-thienyl) series as alpha 1 selective ligands.
AID72620	Binding affinity for human GABA-A receptor alpha-3-beta-3-gamma-2 subunits in L(tk-) cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 47, Issue:7	3-phenyl-6-(2-pyridyl)methyloxy-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines and analogues: high-affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid-A benzodiazepine receptor ligands with alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 5-subtype binding selectivity over alpha 1.
AID262562	Selectivity for human GABA-Aalpha1 receptor plus beta-2-gamma-2 over GABA-Aalpha3 receptor plus beta2gamma2	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 49, Issue:8	4-quinolone derivatives: high-affinity ligands at the benzodiazepine site of brain GABA A receptors. synthesis, pharmacology, and pharmacophore modeling.
AID385586	Induction of rotarod ataxia in PKCepsilon deficient mouse at 1 mg/kg	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-09, Volume: 282, Issue:45	Protein kinase C epsilon regulates gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptor sensitivity to ethanol and benzodiazepines through phosphorylation of gamma2 subunits.
AID119144	Synergic sedative effect was tested in mice using the Hole Board test at peroral dose of 10 mg/kg, value was expressed in plane	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-16, Volume: 46, Issue:2	Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. 3. New 6-(3-thienyl) series as alpha 1 selective ligands.
AID72765	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from rat GABA-A receptor alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 45, Issue:26	Benzodiazepine receptor ligands. 7. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new 3-esters of the 8-chloropyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine 5-oxide. 3-(2-Thienylmethoxycarbonyl) derivative: an anxioselective agent in rodents.
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID256402	Percent of mice not entering into the dark compartment in 120 s in 24 hr retention test at 0 hr treatment at a dose of 30 mg/Kg when given peroral pass-through avoidance test; n=10	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 48, Issue:21	A novel selective GABA(A) alpha1 receptor agonist displaying sedative and anxiolytic-like properties in rodents.
AID668128	Hypnotic activity in fasted C57BL/6N mouse assessed as increase in latency of pentobarbital-induced sleep at 10 mg/kg, po administered 45 mins prior to pentobarbital-induction by polysomnographic analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 20, Issue:11	Hypnotic effects and GABAergic mechanism of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) ethanol extract and its major flavonoid constituent glabrol.
AID371917	Displacement of [3H]flumazenil from rat GABA-A alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Identification of anxiolytic/nonsedative agents among indol-3-ylglyoxylamides acting as functionally selective agonists at the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) alpha2 benzodiazepine receptor.
AID220441	Binding affinity for rat GABA-A receptor alpha-6-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:26	Four amino acid exchanges convert a diazepam-insensitive, inverse agonist-preferring GABAA receptor into a diazepam-preferring GABAA receptor.
AID71232	Maximum percent potentiation against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 2	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-07, Volume: 45, Issue:23	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimdin-5(6H)-ones as functionally selective ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA(A) receptor.
AID119146	Synergic sedative effect was tested in mice using the Hole Board test at peroral dose of 3 mg/kg, value was expressed in plane	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-16, Volume: 46, Issue:2	Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. 3. New 6-(3-thienyl) series as alpha 1 selective ligands.
AID72911	Percent change in electrophysiological response in Xenopus oocytes expressing Alpha1-beta3-gamma2 GABA-A receptor	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 47, Issue:14	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-heterocyclyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-(7,10-ethano)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines and analogues as subtype-selective inverse agonists for the GABA(A)alpha5 benzodiazepine binding site.
AID444058	Volume of distribution at steady state in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID345466	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha1 V202C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID345418	Displacement of [3H]Ro15-1788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID371915	Displacement of [3H]flumazenil from Benzodiazepine receptor in bovine cerebral cortex membrane	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-25, Volume: 52, Issue:12	Identification of anxiolytic/nonsedative agents among indol-3-ylglyoxylamides acting as functionally selective agonists at the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) alpha2 benzodiazepine receptor.
AID262960	Displacement of [3H]flumazenil from rat GABA-Aalpha2 receptor plus beta-2-gamma-2 in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 49, Issue:8	Refinement of the benzodiazepine receptor site topology by structure-activity relationships of new N-(heteroarylmethyl)indol-3-ylglyoxylamides.
AID668127	Hypnotic activity in fasted C57BL/6N mouse assessed as increase in pentobarbital-induced sleep duration at 2.5 mg/kg, po administered 45 mins prior to pentobarbital-induction coadministered with flumazenil by polysomnographic analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 20, Issue:11	Hypnotic effects and GABAergic mechanism of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) ethanol extract and its major flavonoid constituent glabrol.
AID359229	Activity at rat wild type GABAA alpha-1V211Cbeta-2-gamma-2 mutant receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes assessed as GABA-elicited response by two electrode voltage clamp method relative to control	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-07, Volume: 282, Issue:36	Proximity-accelerated chemical coupling reaction in the benzodiazepine-binding site of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors: superposition of different allosteric modulators.
AID282668	Efficacy at human recombinant GABAA alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by two electrode voltage clamp method relative to GABA	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-17, Volume: 48, Issue:23	7-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-6-(2-ethyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethoxy)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine: a functionally selective gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) alpha2/alpha3-subtype selective agonist that exhibits potent anxiolytic activi
AID610839	Effect on sleep-awake cycle in EEG/EMG rat model assessed as increase in non rapid eye movement sleep at 30 mg/kg measured up to 4 hrs relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 20, Issue:19	Identification of a novel selective H1-antihistamine with optimized pharmacokinetic properties for clinical evaluation in the treatment of insomnia.
AID345432	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 T142C receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID431660	Intrinsic clearance in rat liver microsomes at 1 uM after 60 mins by LC-MS-MS analysis in presence of NADPH generating system	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17	Characterization of novel selective H1-antihistamines for clinical evaluation in the treatment of insomnia.
AID1333442	Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as intracellular ATP level after 24 hrs by luminescence based ATP detection assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID444052	Hepatic clearance in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID668131	Hypnotic activity in fasted C57BL/6N mouse assessed as increase in pentobarbital-induced sleep duration at 10 mg/kg, po administered 45 mins prior to pentobarbital-induction coadministered with flumazenil by polysomnographic analysis	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 20, Issue:11	Hypnotic effects and GABAergic mechanism of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) ethanol extract and its major flavonoid constituent glabrol.
AID433077	Antihistamine activity in Wistar rat EEG/EMG model assessed as rapid eye movement sleep stage latency at 30 mg/kg, po administered during activity portion of diurnal cycle 6 hrs after lights-off measured in 4 hrs	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Brain-penetrating 2-aminobenzimidazole H(1)-antihistamines for the treatment of insomnia.
AID539464	Solubility of the compound in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at 600 uM at pH 7.4 after 24 hrs by LC/MS/MS analysis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Experimental solubility profiling of marketed CNS drugs, exploring solubility limit of CNS discovery candidate.
AID345469	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha1 T206C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID345443	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha1 V202C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID73523	Binding affinity for human recombinant gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) A receptor alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 43, Issue:1	Pharmacophore/receptor models for GABA(A)/BzR subtypes (alpha1beta3gamma2, alpha5beta3gamma2, and alpha6beta3gamma2) via a comprehensive ligand-mapping approach.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID540209	Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID527601	Displacement of [3H]flunitrazepam from human recombinant GABAA alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK cells by liquid scintillation counting	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21	Design, synthesis, and subtype selectivity of 3,6-disubstituted β-carbolines at Bz/GABA(A)ergic receptors. SAR and studies directed toward agents for treatment of alcohol abuse.
AID625288	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID239566	Inhibition of [3H]Ro-151788 binding to recombinant human gamma-aminobutyric-acid A receptor alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 subtype expressed in L (tk-) cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 48, Issue:5	Discovery of functionally selective 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-7,10-ethano-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines as GABA A receptor agonists at the alpha3 subunit.
AID1597744	Half life in human at 5 to 10 mg	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16	Sleep modulating agents.
AID345455	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 L140C receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID262561	Displacement of [3H]Flumazenil from human GABA-Aalpha3 receptor plus beta-2-gamma-2 expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 49, Issue:8	4-quinolone derivatives: high-affinity ligands at the benzodiazepine site of brain GABA A receptors. synthesis, pharmacology, and pharmacophore modeling.
AID345458	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 X161 receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID431655	Increase in REM sleep in CD IGS rat model of insomnia at 30 mg/kg, po after 4 hrs by EEG/EMG study relative to vehicle control	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17	Characterization of novel selective H1-antihistamines for clinical evaluation in the treatment of insomnia.
AID1333433	Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes at 20 uM preincubated for 15 mins followed by NADPH addition measured after 60 mins by UPLC-MS/MS analysis	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID625287	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID220130	Binding affinity for mutant rat GABA-A receptor alpha-4-(his)-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:26	Four amino acid exchanges convert a diazepam-insensitive, inverse agonist-preferring GABAA receptor into a diazepam-preferring GABAA receptor.
AID73378	Binding affinity towards human alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 GABA-A receptor using [3H]Ro-151788 expressed in L(tk-) cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-01, Volume: 47, Issue:14	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-heterocyclyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-(7,10-ethano)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines and analogues as subtype-selective inverse agonists for the GABA(A)alpha5 benzodiazepine binding site.
AID239649	Displacement of [3H]flumazenil from rat GABA-A Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-2-beta-2-gamma-2 expressed in HEK293 cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-21, Volume: 48, Issue:8	High affinity central benzodiazepine receptor ligands: synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of phenyltriazolobenzotriazindione derivatives.
AID72766	Binding affinity for recombinant rat GABA-A receptor alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-16, Volume: 46, Issue:2	Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. 3. New 6-(3-thienyl) series as alpha 1 selective ligands.
AID431657	Effect on sleep-awake pattern in CD IGS rat model of insomnia assessed as latency to 20 secs REM sleep at 30 mg/kg, po by EEG/EMG study relative to vehicle control	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17	Characterization of novel selective H1-antihistamines for clinical evaluation in the treatment of insomnia.
AID1333440	Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as cell membrane damage after 24 hrs by luminescence assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID625291	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625289	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID119173	Muscle relaxant effect in mice at dose of 10 mg/kg using rotarod test, value was expressed as no. of falls in 30 seconds	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-16, Volume: 46, Issue:2	Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. 3. New 6-(3-thienyl) series as alpha 1 selective ligands.
AID1428227	Displacement of [3H]RO15-1788 from recombinant rat GABAalpha1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 1 hr	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	An insight on synthetic and medicinal aspects of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold.
AID345450	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 M130C receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID444056	Fraction escaping gut-wall elimination in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID359881	Activity at rat wild type GABAA alpha-1H101Cbeta-2-gamma-2 mutant receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes assessed as GABA-elicited response by two electrode voltage clamp method relative to control	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-07, Volume: 282, Issue:36	Proximity-accelerated chemical coupling reaction in the benzodiazepine-binding site of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors: superposition of different allosteric modulators.
AID220448	Binding affinity for mutant rat GABA-A receptor alpha-6-(his,thr,gly,val)beta2gamma2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:26	Four amino acid exchanges convert a diazepam-insensitive, inverse agonist-preferring GABAA receptor into a diazepam-preferring GABAA receptor.
AID73089	Binding affinity to human recombinant gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) A receptor alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 43, Issue:1	Pharmacophore/receptor models for GABA(A)/BzR subtypes (alpha1beta3gamma2, alpha5beta3gamma2, and alpha6beta3gamma2) via a comprehensive ligand-mapping approach.
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID345427	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 T81C receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1166966	Induction of non-REM sleep in C57BL/6NCrlCrlj mouse at 100 mg/kg up to 3 hrs by EEG/EMG analysis	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 22, Issue:21	Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of a series of novel N-aryl-2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide that are potent and orally active orexin receptor antagonists.
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1333444	Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential after 24 hrs by JC-1 staining based fluorescence assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID345436	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 R194C receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID431653	Effect on sleep-awake pattern in CD IGS rat model of insomnia assessed as latency to 1 min NREM sleep at 30 mg/kg, po by EEG/EMG study relative to vehicle control	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-10, Volume: 52, Issue:17	Characterization of novel selective H1-antihistamines for clinical evaluation in the treatment of insomnia.
AID359880	Activity at rat wild type GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes assessed as GABA-elicited response by two electrode voltage clamp method relative to control	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-07, Volume: 282, Issue:36	Proximity-accelerated chemical coupling reaction in the benzodiazepine-binding site of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors: superposition of different allosteric modulators.
AID345430	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 R132C receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1333439	Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 48 hrs by PrestoBlue assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID1474166	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID113814	Anticonvulsant activity against convulsions induced by Compound 9	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 39, Issue:9	Synthesis and pharmacological properties of novel 8-substituted imidazobenzodiazepines: high-affinity, selective probes for alpha 5-containing GABAA receptors.
AID280845	Displacement of [3H]flumazenil from rat GABAA alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 expressed in HEK293 cells at 10 uM	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 50, Issue:7	Novel N-substituted indol-3-ylglyoxylamides probing the LDi and L1/L2 lipophilic regions of the benzodiazepine receptor site in search for subtype-selective ligands.
AID385588	Inhibition of human PKCepsilon type M486A mutant	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-09, Volume: 282, Issue:45	Protein kinase C epsilon regulates gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptor sensitivity to ethanol and benzodiazepines through phosphorylation of gamma2 subunits.
AID119143	Synergic sedative effect was tested in mice using the Hole Board test at peroral dose of 10 mg/kg, value was expressed in holes	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-16, Volume: 46, Issue:2	Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. 3. New 6-(3-thienyl) series as alpha 1 selective ligands.
AID1458402	Antagonist activity at human FXR expressed in human HeLa cells co-expressing BSEP up to 10 uM after 24 hrs by dual-glo luciferase reporter gene assay	2017	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 08-24, Volume: 60, Issue:16	Nonacidic Farnesoid X Receptor Modulators.
AID345434	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 X161 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1474167	Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status	2016	Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4	DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID625286	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID359882	Activity at rat wild type GABAA alpha-1G157Cbeta-2-gamma-2 mutant receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes assessed as GABA-elicited response by two electrode voltage clamp method relative to control	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-07, Volume: 282, Issue:36	Proximity-accelerated chemical coupling reaction in the benzodiazepine-binding site of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors: superposition of different allosteric modulators.
AID527598	Displacement of [3H]flunitrazepam from human recombinant GABAA alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor expressed in HEK cells by liquid scintillation counting	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 18, Issue:21	Design, synthesis, and subtype selectivity of 3,6-disubstituted β-carbolines at Bz/GABA(A)ergic receptors. SAR and studies directed toward agents for treatment of alcohol abuse.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID625279	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID610842	Effect on sleep-awake cycle in EEG/EMG rat model assessed as latency to 1 min NREM sleep at 30 mg/kg measured up to 4 hrs relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-01, Volume: 20, Issue:19	Identification of a novel selective H1-antihistamine with optimized pharmacokinetic properties for clinical evaluation in the treatment of insomnia.
AID625290	Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty	2011	PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12	Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1333426	Displacement of [3H]-flunitrazepam from rat brain GABA-A receptor benzodiazepine site after 20 mins by liquid scintillation counting	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID180358	The compound was tested for antagonistic activity against metrazole induced convulsions in rats after ip administration	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-18, Volume: 37, Issue:6	Antagonist, partial agonist, and full agonist imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline amides and carbamates acting through the GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor.
AID73070	Binding affinity for recombinant rat GABA-A receptor alpha-2-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-16, Volume: 46, Issue:2	Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. 3. New 6-(3-thienyl) series as alpha 1 selective ligands.
AID188129	Rat behavioral spontaneous Locomotor Activity	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-07, Volume: 45, Issue:23	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimdin-5(6H)-ones as functionally selective ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA(A) receptor.
AID345462	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha1 G157C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID40372	Displacement of [3H]- flunitrazepam from rat GABA-A benzodiazepine receptor	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-18, Volume: 37, Issue:6	Antagonist, partial agonist, and full agonist imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline amides and carbamates acting through the GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor.
AID72477	Binding affinity for human GABA-A receptor alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 subunits in L(tk-) cells	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 47, Issue:7	3-phenyl-6-(2-pyridyl)methyloxy-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines and analogues: high-affinity gamma-aminobutyric acid-A benzodiazepine receptor ligands with alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 5-subtype binding selectivity over alpha 1.
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID220443	Binding affinity for mutant rat GABA-A receptor alpha-6-(his)-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:26	Four amino acid exchanges convert a diazepam-insensitive, inverse agonist-preferring GABAA receptor into a diazepam-preferring GABAA receptor.
AID71237	Maximum percent potentiation against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 3	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-07, Volume: 45, Issue:23	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimdin-5(6H)-ones as functionally selective ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA(A) receptor.
AID345467	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha1 S204C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID588212	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID359235	Activity at rat GABAA alpha-1H101Cbeta-2-gamma-2 mutant receptor expressed in xenopus oocytes assessed as change in GABA-induced current amplitude at 10 uM after 1 min exposure to GABA by two electrode voltage clamp method	2007	The Journal of biological chemistry, Sep-07, Volume: 282, Issue:36	Proximity-accelerated chemical coupling reaction in the benzodiazepine-binding site of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors: superposition of different allosteric modulators.
AID345464	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha1 T162C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID345428	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 T126C receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID425652	Total body clearance in human	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15	Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID345438	Displacement of [3H]Ro15-1788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1 F99C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID221773	Maximum percent potentiation against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 1	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-07, Volume: 45, Issue:23	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimdin-5(6H)-ones as functionally selective ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA(A) receptor.
AID540213	Half life in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID254369	Binding affinity for rat alpha-3 beta2/3 gamma2 GABA-A/BzR receptor	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 48, Issue:21	A novel selective GABA(A) alpha1 receptor agonist displaying sedative and anxiolytic-like properties in rodents.
AID280847	Decrease in spontaneous motor activity in Balb/C mouse at 10 mg/kg, ip	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 50, Issue:7	Novel N-substituted indol-3-ylglyoxylamides probing the LDi and L1/L2 lipophilic regions of the benzodiazepine receptor site in search for subtype-selective ligands.
AID1333443	Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as intracellular ATP level after 48 hrs by luminescence based ATP detection assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID262964	Inhibition of [3H]flumazenil binding to rat GABA-Aalpha5 receptor plus beta-3-gamma-2 at 10 uM in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 49, Issue:8	Refinement of the benzodiazepine receptor site topology by structure-activity relationships of new N-(heteroarylmethyl)indol-3-ylglyoxylamides.
AID678716	Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using diethoxyfluorescein as substrate after 30 mins	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID473454	Effect on sleep-awake pattern in CD IGS rat model of insomnia assessed as longest 3 NREM bouts at 30 mg/kg, po after 6 hrs by EEG/EMG study relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Novel benzothiophene H1-antihistamines for the treatment of insomnia.
AID345435	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 R185C receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID219937	Maximal potentiation of GABA-evoked Cl- currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing human alpha-2-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 40, Issue:19	Synthesis and binding affinity of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridine derivatives for both central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors. A new series of high-affinity and selective ligands for the peripheral type.
AID473428	Increase in REM sleep in CD IGS rat model of insomnia at 30 mg/kg, po after 4 hrs by EEG/EMG study relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Novel benzothiophene H1-antihistamines for the treatment of insomnia.
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID444057	Fraction escaping hepatic elimination in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID72286	Inhibition of [3H]flumazenil specific binding at rat GABA-A alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 44, Issue:14	Novel N-(arylalkyl)indol-3-ylglyoxylylamides targeted as ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor: synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling analysis of the structure-activity relationships.
AID433076	Antihistamine activity in Wistar rat EEG/EMG model assessed as rapid eye movement sleep stage at 30 mg/kg, po administered during activity portion of diurnal cycle 6 hrs after lights-off measured in 4 hrs	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Brain-penetrating 2-aminobenzimidazole H(1)-antihistamines for the treatment of insomnia.
AID73222	Inhibition of [3H]-flumazenil binding to rat GABA-A receptor alpha-3-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	2001	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 44, Issue:14	Novel N-(arylalkyl)indol-3-ylglyoxylylamides targeted as ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor: synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling analysis of the structure-activity relationships.
AID473459	Effect on sleep-awake pattern in CD IGS rat model of insomnia assessed as longest 3 REM bouts at 30 mg/kg, po after 6 hrs by EEG/EMG study relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Novel benzothiophene H1-antihistamines for the treatment of insomnia.
AID219784	Binding affinity for mutant rat GABA-A receptor alpha-1-(arg)-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:26	Four amino acid exchanges convert a diazepam-insensitive, inverse agonist-preferring GABAA receptor into a diazepam-preferring GABAA receptor.
AID345444	Displacement of [3H]Ro-151788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha1 S204C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID345442	Displacement of [3H]Ro15-1788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1 G200C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID71233	Effective concentration against gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, alpha 2	2002	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-07, Volume: 45, Issue:23	Synthesis and biological evaluation of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-c]pyrido[3,4-e]pyrimdin-5(6H)-ones as functionally selective ligands of the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABA(A) receptor.
AID113815	Anticonvulsant activity against convulsions induced by DMCM	1996	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-26, Volume: 39, Issue:9	Synthesis and pharmacological properties of novel 8-substituted imidazobenzodiazepines: high-affinity, selective probes for alpha 5-containing GABAA receptors.
AID72927	Binding affinity for human recombinant gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABA) A receptor alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2	2000	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-13, Volume: 43, Issue:1	Pharmacophore/receptor models for GABA(A)/BzR subtypes (alpha1beta3gamma2, alpha5beta3gamma2, and alpha6beta3gamma2) via a comprehensive ligand-mapping approach.
AID345446	Displacement of [3H]Ro15-1788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1 T206C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID473450	Increase in NREM sleep in CD IGS rat model of insomnia at 30 mg/kg, po after 4 hrs by EEG/EMG study relative to control	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 20, Issue:7	Novel benzothiophene H1-antihistamines for the treatment of insomnia.
AID219938	Binding affinity measured using LtK- cell membranes expressing GABA alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Synthesis and evaluation of analogues of the partial agonist 6-(propyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (6-PBC) and the full agonist 6-(benzyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Zk 93423)
AID256401	Percent of mice not entering into the dark compartment in 120 s in 24 hr retention test at 0 hr treatment at a dose of 10 mg/Kg when given peroral pass-through avoidance test; n=10	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-20, Volume: 48, Issue:21	A novel selective GABA(A) alpha1 receptor agonist displaying sedative and anxiolytic-like properties in rodents.
AID345461	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha1 F99C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID539472	Solubility of the compound at pH 7.4	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Experimental solubility profiling of marketed CNS drugs, exploring solubility limit of CNS discovery candidate.
AID678722	Covalent binding affinity to human liver microsomes assessed per mg of protein at 10 uM after 60 mins presence of NADPH	2012	Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10	Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID588211	Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1	Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID345447	Displacement of [3H]Ro15-1788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha1 Y209C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1428230	Displacement of [3H]RO15-1788 from recombinant rat GABAalpha5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells after 1 hr	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 126	An insight on synthetic and medicinal aspects of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold.
AID219782	Binding affinity for rat GABA-A receptor alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:26	Four amino acid exchanges convert a diazepam-insensitive, inverse agonist-preferring GABAA receptor into a diazepam-preferring GABAA receptor.
AID345449	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 D56C receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID540212	Mean residence time in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID588210	Human drug-induced liver injury (DILI) modelling dataset from Ekins et al	2010	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Dec, Volume: 38, Issue:12	A predictive ligand-based Bayesian model for human drug-induced liver injury.
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID262560	Displacement of [3H]Flumazenil from human GABA-Aalpha1 receptor plus beta-2-gamma-2 expressed in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 49, Issue:8	4-quinolone derivatives: high-affinity ligands at the benzodiazepine site of brain GABA A receptors. synthesis, pharmacology, and pharmacophore modeling.
AID219947	Binding affinity for rat GABA-A receptor alpha-3-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:26	Four amino acid exchanges convert a diazepam-insensitive, inverse agonist-preferring GABAA receptor into a diazepam-preferring GABAA receptor.
AID345452	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 T81C receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID282665	Displacement of [3H]Ro 15-1788 from human recombinant GABAA alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor expressed in L(tk-) cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-17, Volume: 48, Issue:23	7-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-6-(2-ethyl-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylmethoxy)-3-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine: a functionally selective gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) alpha2/alpha3-subtype selective agonist that exhibits potent anxiolytic activi
AID345439	Displacement of [3H]Ro15-1788 from benzodiazepine binding site of GABAA alpha-1 G157C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant expressed in HEK293T cells	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID73220	Binding affinity for recombinant rat GABA-A receptor alpha-3-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-16, Volume: 46, Issue:2	Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. 3. New 6-(3-thienyl) series as alpha 1 selective ligands.
AID1615598	Inhibition of GABAA receptor alpha1 (unknown origin)	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 181	Imidazopyridine-based selective and multifunctional ligands of biological targets associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
AID395324	Lipophilicity, log D at pH 7.4 by liquid chromatography	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6	Relationship between brain tissue partitioning and microemulsion retention factors of CNS drugs.
AID262959	Displacement of [3H]flumazenil from rat GABA-Aalpha1 receptor plus beta-2-gamma-2 in HEK293 cells	2006	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-20, Volume: 49, Issue:8	Refinement of the benzodiazepine receptor site topology by structure-activity relationships of new N-(heteroarylmethyl)indol-3-ylglyoxylamides.
AID1333441	Hepatotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as cell membrane damage after 48 hrs by luminescence assay	2016	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-29, Volume: 124	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorinated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity.
AID219936	Potentiation of GABA-evoked Cl- currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing human alpha-2-beta-2-gamma-2 subunits	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-12, Volume: 40, Issue:19	Synthesis and binding affinity of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-alpha]pyridine derivatives for both central and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors. A new series of high-affinity and selective ligands for the peripheral type.
AID588209	Literature-mined public compounds from Greene et al multi-species hepatotoxicity modelling dataset	2010	Chemical research in toxicology, Jul-19, Volume: 23, Issue:7	Developing structure-activity relationships for the prediction of hepatotoxicity.
AID540210	Clearance in human after iv administration	2008	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7	Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID219953	Binding affinity measured using LtK- cell membranes expressing GABA alpha-3-beta-3-gamma-2 receptor	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Synthesis and evaluation of analogues of the partial agonist 6-(propyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (6-PBC) and the full agonist 6-(benzyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Zk 93423)
AID311524	Oral bioavailability in human	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24	Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
AID345465	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha1 G200C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID298031	Lipophilicity, log D at pH7.4	2007	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep-20, Volume: 50, Issue:19	High-throughput screening of drug-brain tissue binding and in silico prediction for assessment of central nervous system drug delivery.
AID444055	Fraction absorbed in human	2010	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-11, Volume: 53, Issue:3	Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
AID73534	Binding affinity for recombinant rat GABA-A receptor alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2 subunits expressed in HEK 293 cells	2003	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-16, Volume: 46, Issue:2	Synthesis and benzodiazepine receptor affinity of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives. 3. New 6-(3-thienyl) series as alpha 1 selective ligands.
AID220445	Binding affinity for mutant rat GABA-A receptor alpha-6-(his,thr)beta2gamma2 subunits expressed in HEK293 cells	1994	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-23, Volume: 37, Issue:26	Four amino acid exchanges convert a diazepam-insensitive, inverse agonist-preferring GABAA receptor into a diazepam-preferring GABAA receptor.
AID239563	Inhibition of [3H]Ro-151788 binding to recombinant human gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-2-beta-3-gamma-2 subtype expressed in L (tk-) cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 48, Issue:5	Discovery of functionally selective 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-7,10-ethano-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines as GABA A receptor agonists at the alpha3 subunit.
AID239564	Inhibition of [3H]Ro-151788 binding to recombinant human gamma-aminobutyric-acid A receptor alpha-1-beta-3-gamma-2 subtype expressed in L (tk-) cells	2005	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-10, Volume: 48, Issue:5	Discovery of functionally selective 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-7,10-ethano-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines as GABA A receptor agonists at the alpha3 subunit.
AID345470	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha1 V211C beta2gamma2 receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID1916591	Antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 assessed as bacterial growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by broth dilution method	2022	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-05, Volume: 238	Emerging impact of triazoles as anti-tubercular agent.
AID345456	Ratio of Ki for GABAA alpha-1-beta-2-gamma-2 T142C receptor mutant to Ki for GABAA alpha1beta2gamma2 receptor	2008	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-27, Volume: 51, Issue:22	Structural requirements for eszopiclone and zolpidem binding to the gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABAA) receptor are different.
AID73529	Binding affinity measured using LtK- cell membranes expressing Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha-5-beta-3-gamma-2	1998	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-02, Volume: 41, Issue:14	Synthesis and evaluation of analogues of the partial agonist 6-(propyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (6-PBC) and the full agonist 6-(benzyloxy)-4-(methoxymethyl)-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (Zk 93423)
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346496	Human GABAA receptor alpha3 subunit (GABAA receptors)	1993	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 43, Issue:6	Cloning of cDNA sequences encoding human alpha 2 and alpha 3 gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor subunits and characterization of the benzodiazepine pharmacology of recombinant alpha 1-, alpha 2-, alpha 3-, and alpha 5-containing human gamma-aminobutyric ac
AID1346504	Human GABAA receptor alpha2 subunit (GABAA receptors)	1993	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 43, Issue:6	Cloning of cDNA sequences encoding human alpha 2 and alpha 3 gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor subunits and characterization of the benzodiazepine pharmacology of recombinant alpha 1-, alpha 2-, alpha 3-, and alpha 5-containing human gamma-aminobutyric ac
AID1346520	Human GABAA receptor alpha1 subunit (GABAA receptors)	1996	European journal of pharmacology, May-23, Volume: 304, Issue:1-3	Affinity of various ligands for GABAA receptors containing alpha 4 beta 3 gamma 2, alpha 4 gamma 2, or alpha 1 beta 3 gamma 2 subunits.
AID1346520	Human GABAA receptor alpha1 subunit (GABAA receptors)	1995	European journal of pharmacology, Nov-30, Volume: 291, Issue:3	Expression and pharmacology of human GABAA receptors containing gamma 3 subunits.
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	42 (2.48)	18.7374
1990's	332 (19.60)	18.2507
2000's	570 (33.65)	29.6817
2010's	590 (34.83)	24.3611
2020's	160 (9.45)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	368 (20.16%)	5.53%
Reviews	162 (8.88%)	6.00%
Case Studies	278 (15.23%)	4.05%
Observational	12 (0.66%)	0.25%
Other	1,005 (55.07%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (121)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Hypnotic Medications and Sleep-dependent Memory Consolidation: the Effect of Variable Drug Exposure During the Night [NCT01159652]	Phase 4	26 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Completed
National, Multicenter, Open Label, Phase IV, Before-after Design Study, in Adult Patients With Primary Insomnia to Evaluate Sleep Satisfaction and Psychomotor Performance After 1 Month of Treatment With Zolpidem CR (Ambien®CR) in 6 Sites in Argentina [NCT01097382]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-03-31	Completed
A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Cross-over Study of Zolpidem for Patients With Parkinson's Disease [NCT01351168]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Withdrawn(stopped due to study not funded)
A Single-Dose, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Crossover Study to Determine the Abuse Potential of Single Oral Dose of Seltorexant Compared To Suvorexant and Zolpidem [NCT05106153]	Phase 1	127 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-12-17	Completed
A Randomized, Active Control, Parallel Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Zolpidem MR (Stilnox CR) Versus Zolpidem (Stilnox) in Patients With Primary Insomnia [NCT01181232]	Phase 4	132 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-10-31	Completed
The Efficacy of Lower Dose Zolpidem for Achieving Satisfactory Sleep in Women With Disordered Sleep [NCT03786120]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2019-01-31	Recruiting
Phase II / III Study, One Center, Double-Blind, With Placebo Use, in Parallel Groups to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Zolpidem® Orodispersible in Adult Subjects (Females and Males) in the Treatment of Maintenance Insomnia Disorder. [NCT03885141]	Phase 2/Phase 3	366 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-31	Not yet recruiting
Enhancing Memory Consolidation in Older Adults [NCT03657212]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-10-01	Recruiting
Phase III Study on Alternative Dosing Regimens in the Pharmacotherapy of Mild to Moderate Insomnia [NCT02139098]	Phase 3	23 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Terminated(stopped due to Recruiting problems because of the time expenditure required for participating and the strict criteria of inclusion and exclusion)
Multi-center, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Active-reference, Parallel-group, Polysomnography Dose-response Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of ACT-541468 in Adult Subjects With Insomnia Disorder [NCT02839200]	Phase 2	360 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-04	Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Sublingual Zolpidem Tartrate Tablet in Adult Patients With Insomnia Characterized by Difficulty Returning to Sleep After Middle-of-the-Night (MOTN) Awakening [NCT00380081]	Phase 3	82 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-04-30	Completed
A Placebo Controlled Double Blind Randomised Controlled Proof of Concept Study of Zolpidem for the Treatment of Motor and Cognitive Deficits in Late-stage Parkinson's [NCT03621046]	Phase 2	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-08-20	Completed
A Relative Bioavailability Study of Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg Tablets Under Non-Fasting Conditions [NCT00833937]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-03-31	Completed
Operational Ground Testing Protocol to Optimize Astronaut Sleep Medication Efficacy and Individual Effects [NCT03526575]	Phase 4	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-10	Completed
Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Placebo- and Active-controlled, 6-way Cross-over Study to Evaluate the Abuse Potential of Single, Oral Doses of ACT-541468 in Healthy Recreational Drug Users [NCT03657355]	Phase 1	63 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-09-07	Completed
EEG Dynamics Induced by Zolpidem Forecasts Consciousness Evolution in Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness and Quantification of EEG Reactivity Predicts Recovery of Consciousness [NCT02948660]	Phase 2	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-12-01	Completed
Subject- And Investigator-Blinded, Sponsor-Open, Randomized, Single-Dose, Placebo-Controlled, 3-Way Crossover Study To Study Effect Of Treatment With Oral Zolpidem On Polysomnography And Actigraphy Measures In Healthy Volunteers [NCT00716521]	Phase 1	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-07-31	Completed
Lavender vs Zolpidem: Sleep Quality During Diagnostic Polysomnography [NCT04102345]	Early Phase 1	58 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-09-04	Completed
Pharmacokinetics Study of Zolpidem Hemitartarate Orodispersible Tablet 3.5 mg Formulation, With Fasting and Postprandial Administration, in Male and Female Healthy Volunteers, Produced by Biolab Sanus Farmacêutica Ltda [NCT02817750]	Phase 1	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-05	Completed
The Effect of Zolpidem on Outcomes Following Lumbar Spine Fusion: A Randomized Control Trial [NCT05746143]		140 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-01	Recruiting
A Relative BioAvailability Study of Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg Tablets Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00833521]	Phase 1	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-02-28	Completed
The Study of Spectrum of Sleep Disorders in Cirrhotic Patients and the Efficacy of Zolpidem in Cirrhotic Patients With Insomnia [NCT02484963]		52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-15	Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Active Comparator, Parallel-Group Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Lemborexant in Subjects 55 Years and Older With Insomnia Disorder (SUNRISE 1) [NCT02783729]	Phase 3	1,006 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Completed
Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial of Zolpidem for Sleep in Children With Autism [NCT05540574]	Phase 2	26 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-09	Recruiting
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Four-Way Cross-Over Trial to Study the Effects of Prolonged-Release Melatonin, Temazepam and Zolpidem on the Spectral Composition of the EEG During Nocturnal Sleep in Healthy Middle-Aged Men and Women [NCT00940550]	Phase 1	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Completed
Efficacy and Safety Assessment of ZOlpidem (Stilnox CR) Administered on as Needed Basis in Patients With Chronic insomNIA [NCT01024192]	Phase 4	135 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
Evaluation of the Hypnotic Properties of Zolpidem-MR 12.5 mg and Zolpidem 10 mg Marketed Product Compared to Placebo in Patients With Primary Insomnia. A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled,Three Way Cross-Over Study [NCT00630175]	Phase 3	113 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-09-30	Completed
An Open Label, Relative Bioavailability Study of 10 mg Zolpidem Tablet Under Non-Fasting Conditions [NCT00779441]		36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-08-31	Completed
An Open Label, Relative Bioavailability Study of 10 mg Zolpidem Tablet Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00779051]		36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-08-31	Completed
A Randomized, Two-way Crossover, Single-dose, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Relative Bioequivalence of a Test Tablet Formulation of Zolpidem Tartrate 10mg, Compared to an Equivalent Dose of Ambien® in Fed, Healthy, Adult Subjects [NCT00658541]	Phase 1	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-05-31	Completed
Comparative Effectiveness of Zolpidem/Trazodone and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Rural Adults [NCT04468776]	Phase 4	1,200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-02-25	Active, not recruiting
Central Sleep Apnea: Physiologic Mechanisms to Inform Treatment [NCT04118387]	Phase 4	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-07	Recruiting
The Effect of Marijuana and Prescription Medications in Mood, Performance and Sleep [NCT00893269]	Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
Single Blind, Multi-center, Post Marketing Clinical Study of Zolpidem (Myslee) in Adolescent Patients With Insomnia - Evaluation With Polysomnography [NCT00653562]	Phase 4	11 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Completed
A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effects of 10 Days of Repeat Dosing of GSK1521498 in Overweight or Obese But Otherwise Healthy Subjects. [NCT00976105]	Phase 1	49 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-22	Completed
The Effect of Acute Hypnotic Intake Before a Night at High Altitude on Cognitive and Motor Performances [NCT02778659]		22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Profile of Understudied Drugs [NCT04278404]		5,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2020-03-05	Recruiting
Sleep and Breathing in Health and Disease (Part 2A - Chemical Stimuli, Sleep and Breathing in the General Population) [NCT04720547]	Phase 4	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-03	Completed
A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active-Comparator-Controlled Study of the Safety and Efficacy of LY2624803 in Outpatients With Insomnia [NCT00784875]	Phase 2	643 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
A Randomized, Two-way Crossover, Single-Dose, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Relative Bioequivalence of a Test Tablet Formulation of Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg, Compared to an Equivalent Dose of Ambien® in Healthy Adult Subjects. [NCT00684814]	Phase 1	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-05-31	Completed
A Phase II/III Study of SEP-190 (Eszopiclone) in Patients With Primary Insomnia [NCT00770510]	Phase 2/Phase 3	192 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Completed
Does Zolpidem CR Treatment Change Clinical Outcomes in Elderly Hospitalized Patients With Dementia- A Pilot Study [NCT00814502]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-12-31	Completed
A Double-blind, Randomized, Controlled, 3-way Crossover, Pilot Study to Evaluate the Duration of Effects on Simulated Car Driving and Cognitive Performance After a Single Dose of JNJ-42847922, Zolpidem and Placebo in Healthy Subjects [NCT02578472]	Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
Single Dose Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Three Different Zolpidem Doses in Children Ages 2 to 18 Years of Age [NCT00494468]	Phase 1/Phase 2	63 participants	Interventional	2002-10-31	Completed
Targeting Insomnia to Enhance Hot Flush Treatment in Women Receiving Therapy for Breast Cancer or Breast Cancer Risk-Reduction [NCT00084669]		119 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-05-31	Completed
Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess Whether the Administration of Ramelteon Could Facilitate the Discontinuation of Zolpidem (Ambien®) ≥10 mg Therapy in Subjects With Chronic Insomnia [NCT00492232]	Phase 4	135 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-04-30	Completed
Multi-center, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Active Reference, Parallel-group Polysomnography Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of a 16-day Oral Administration of ACT-078573 in Adult Subjects With Chronic Primary Insomnia [NCT00608985]	Phase 3	709 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
FK199B (Zolpidem MR Tablet) Phase III Clinical Study - A Double-Blind, Crossover, Comparative Polysomnographic Study Using Zolpidem (Myslee®) as a Positive Control in Patients With Insomnia, Excluding Patients With Schizophrenia or Manic-Depressive Psycho [NCT00999219]	Phase 3	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-03-31	Completed
Reducing Suicidal Ideation Through Insomnia Treatment [NCT01689909]	Phase 4	103 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-12-06	Completed
Positron Emission Tomography Assessment of the Central Nervous System Effects of Eszopiclone and Zolpidem [NCT00781482]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional		Withdrawn(stopped due to Sponsor elected not to conduct study at this time.)
Understanding Memory Consolidation by Studying Pharmacologically Enhanced Naps. [NCT00777829]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-01	Completed
A Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Zolpidem Modified Release (MR) in Patients With Primary Insomnia [NCT00956319]	Phase 4	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Completed
Understanding the Role That Hot Flashes and Sleep Disruption Play in the Effect of Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Mood in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women [NCT00227942]	Phase 4	86 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-08-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics Study of Zolpidem Hemitartarate Orodispersible Tablet 1.75 mg Formulation, With Fasting and Postprandial Administration, in Male and Female Healthy Volunteers, Produced by Biolab Sanus Farmacêutica Ltda [NCT02814058]	Phase 1	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-05	Completed
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel Group Study of the Efficacy and Safety of the Zolpidem Tartrate Sublingual Tablet in Adult Subjects With Insomnia Characterized by Difficulty Returning to Sleep After Awakening in the Middle-of-the- [NCT00466193]	Phase 3	295 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-05-31	Completed
A Single Center, Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Placebo- and Active-controlled, Six-way Crossover Single-dose Study to Evaluate the Relative Abuse Potential of Almorexant in Recreational Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressant Drug Users [NCT01987739]	Phase 1	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
A Study of the Safety of Ramelteon in Elderly Subjects [NCT00568789]	Phase 4	33 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Completed
Shugan Jieyu Capsule for Insomnia Patients With Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Study [NCT05764798]	Phase 1	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-30	Recruiting
A Single Dose, Two-Period, Two-Treatment, 2-Way Crossover Bioequivalency Study of Zolpidem Tartrate Tablets 10 MG Under Fed Conditions [NCT00602719]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-03-31	Completed
Psychobiology and Treatment Response in Primary Insomnia [NCT00177216]	Phase 4	69 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-02-28	Completed
A Double-blind, Randomized Trial Examining the Preliminary Efficacy of Psilocybin Therapy for People With Chronic Low Back Pain [NCT05351541]	Phase 1/Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-01	Recruiting
Phase I Randomized Clinical Trial of Evaluation of Zolpidem Hemitartarate Pharmacokinetics (Orodispersible Tablet 1.75 mg and 3.50 mg) After Single Dose Oral Administration in Male and Female Healthy Subjects [NCT02607696]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-05-31	Withdrawn
Abuse Liability Associated With Chronic Hypnotic Use [NCT01006525]		116 participants (Actual)	Observational	2005-12-31	Completed
Surgery for Endometrial Cancer: Biobehavioral Analysis of Sleep, Stress and Pain [NCT00936598]		6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-07-31	Terminated(stopped due to Investigator-initiated termination of approval due to problems with recruitment.)
Postoperative Sleep Disturbances After Zolpidem Treatment in Fast-track Hip and Knee Replacement [NCT01551485]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-02-29	Active, not recruiting
Zolpidem Postmarketing Clinical Study: A Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Group Comparative Trial in the Adolescent Patients With Insomnia [NCT00432198]	Phase 4	122 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-02-28	Completed
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Trial of the Effects of Orally Administered Xyrem (Sodium Oxybate) and Zolpidem on Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients [NCT00086281]	Phase 4	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-11-30	Completed
The Impact of GABA-Enhancing Agents on Cortical GABA Concentrations Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women [NCT00676026]		8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-05-31	Completed
"Evaluation of the Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Zolpidem-MR 12.5 mg Compared to Placebo, When Both Are Administered Over a Long-Term Period as Needed, in Patients With Chronic Primary Insomnia" [NCT00425243]	Phase 3	1,025 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-08-31	Completed
A Multicentre Prospective, Open Label ,3 Weeks Phase IV Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety in Elder Patients With Insomnia in China [NCT00359229]	Phase 4	115 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
A Single Dose, Two-Period, Two-Treatment, 2-Way Crossover Bioequivalency Study of Zolpidem Tartrate Tablets 10 MG Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00601666]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-03-31	Completed
Targeting New Receptors in Dystonia: Electrophysiological and Neuroimaging Correlates of the Effect of Zolpidem, a Selective Agonist of Benzodiazepine Subtype Receptor alfa1, in Different Forms of Primary Focal Dystonia [NCT04692285]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-30	Completed
Risks for Transition From Therapeutic Hypnotic Use to Abuse [NCT02456532]	Phase 4	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
National Study, Phase IV, Single-center, Double-blind, Randomized, Parallel, Controlled by 10 mg Oral Zolpidem, in Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Zolpidem 5 mg Sublingual in the Induction and Maintenance of Sleep in Patients With Primary Insomnia [NCT01896336]	Phase 4	67 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-02-18	Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Understudied Drugs Administered to Children Per Standard of Care [NCT01431326]		3,520 participants (Actual)	Observational	2011-11-30	Completed
A Comparison of the Physiological and Behavioral Effects of Suvorexant and Zolpidem in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Study [NCT04273776]	Early Phase 1	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-12-01	Enrolling by invitation
Incidence of Delirium in Hip Fracture Patients Randomized to Regular Hypnotics vs Placebo [NCT00286936]	Phase 4	96 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-02-29	Terminated(stopped due to Slow inclusion resulting in premature termination due to logistics)
Comparison of Zolpidem Tartrate Extended-Release vs. Placebo in Treatment of Insomnia Associated With Newly Diagnosed Major Depressive Disorder(MDD) or Untreated MDD Relapse, When Used Concomitantly With Escitalopram [NCT00296179]	Phase 4	372 participants	Interventional	2006-02-28	Completed
Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Zolpidem in the Treatment of Children Aged 6 to 17 Years With ADHD-Associated Insomnia. A Multicentre, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study [NCT00318448]	Phase 3	201 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-04-30	Completed
Three Approaches to Maintenance Therapy for Chronic Insomnia in Older Adults [NCT03774810]	Phase 4	198 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-04-15	Completed
A Double-blind, Double-dummy, Randomised, Placebo-controlled,Four-way Crossover Study to Investigate the Effect of Single Oral Doses of SB-649868 and of Zolpidem in a Model of Noise Induced Situational Insomnia in Healthy Male Volunteers. [NCT00440323]	Phase 1	52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-01-05	Completed
Imaging the Effects of Zolpidem and Alprazolam in Healthy Volunteers at 3T [NCT01747590]	Early Phase 1	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2011-07-31	Recruiting
Effect of a Hypocretin/Orexin Antagonist on Neurocognitive Performance [NCT01243060]		203 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-05-31	Completed
A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effects of Castration on the Pharmacokinetics of Zolpidem After Single Dose Administration in Men With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy Compared to Normal Healthy Females [NCT03436745]	Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-01-22	Recruiting
Effect of Zolpidem vs Placebo on Insomnia and Daytime Function in Patients With Insomnia Associated With Osteoarthritis [NCT00530556]	Phase 4	170 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-03-31	Completed
Combined Behavioral/Pharmacological Therapy for Insomnia [NCT00044629]	Phase 2	162 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-09-30	Completed
Treatment of Disturbed Sleep in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) [NCT04014387]	Phase 4	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-06-02	Recruiting
Xyrem(Sodium Oxybate) and Ambien(Zolpidem Tartrate) in the Treatment of Chronic Insomnia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study. [NCT00383643]	Phase 2	48 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-05-31	Completed
Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatment for Insomnia [NCT00042146]	Phase 4	160 participants	Interventional	2001-12-31	Completed
The Role of Partial Reinforcement in the Long Term Management of Insomnia [NCT00662155]		129 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
Phase IV 4 Way Crossover Study to Assess and Compare the Effect of a Single Nighttime Administration of Zolpidem, Silenor and Placebo on Arousability, Ataxia/Balance and Cognitive Performance in Healthy Volunteers. [NCT02353299]	Phase 4	52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
The Effect of Zolpidem on CPAP Acclimatization in Patients With OSA: A Crossover, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Trial [NCT06084130]	Phase 4	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-15	Not yet recruiting
Additive Beneficial Effect of Zolpidem Onto the Antidepressant Therapy in Depressive and Dysthimic Patients in the Acute Phase of the Disease [NCT00292734]	Phase 4	120 participants	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
[NCT00296790]	Phase 4	372 participants	Interventional	2006-02-28	Completed
Investigation of Psycliomotor and Cognitive Residual Effects After Single Oral Doses of Zolpidem Tartrate Extended Release 12.5 mg and Eszopielone 3 mg Compared to Placebo in Healthy Young Volunteers, Using Plurazepam 30 mg As An External Comparator [NCT00283790]	Phase 4	36 participants	Interventional	2006-01-31	Completed
FK199B (Zolpidem MR Tablet) Phase III Clinical Study -A Double-blind, Group-comparison Study Using Zolpidem (Myslee) as a Comparative Drug in Patients With Insomnia - [NCT00283946]	Phase 3	876 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-02-28	Completed
Aging, Hypnotics, Sleep Inertia and the Risk of Falling [NCT00383357]		24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2004-08-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, 6-Way Crossover Study to Determine the Abuse Potential of Single Oral Doses of Lemborexant Compared to Zolpidem, Suvorexant and Placebo in Healthy, Non-Dependent, Recreational Sedative Users [NCT03158025]	Phase 1	39 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-04-19	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Ranging, Crossover Study of Single Doses of LY2624803 in a 5-hour Phase Advance Model of Transient Insomnia in Healthy Subjects [NCT01779830]	Phase 1	32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Completed
Proton MRS Study of SSRI-Zolpidem Interactions [NCT01809626]	Early Phase 1	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-05-31	Completed
Sequenced Therapies for Comorbid and Primary Insomnias [NCT01651442]		211 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-01	Completed
Improving Sleep Quality in Heart Failure [NCT03307005]	Phase 4	5 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-01	Completed
Long Term Treatment With Zolpidem: The Relative Efficacy of Nightly (Quaque Hora Somni [QHS]) & Intermittent Dosing and the Potential for Long Term Clinical Gains After Treatment Discontinuation. [NCT00156533]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-03-31	Completed
Assessment of Next-Morning Driving Performance After Middle of the Night Administration of Zolpidem Tartrate Sublingual Tablet 3.5 mg in Healthy Adult Volunteers: Single-center, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Four-way Crossover Study [NCT01106859]	Phase 1	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-06-30	Completed
A Comparison of Midazolam and Zolpidem as Oral Premedication in Children [NCT02096900]	Phase 3	86 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-07-21	Completed
Pilot Study Comparing the Use of Dexmedetomidine and Zolpidem to Induce Natural Sleep [NCT01485393]		10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Completed
Multi-center, Single-arm, Open-label Study in Patients With Insomnia Disorder to Validate the Insomnia Daytime Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire™ (IDSIQ™) [NCT03056053]	Phase 2	113 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-15	Completed
Randomized, Two Period Crossover Studies in Fed Healthy, Normal Subjects to Compare the Single Dose Bioavailability of Torrent's Zolpidem Tartrate Tablets 10 mg and Sanofi-Synthelabo's Ambien® 10 mg Tablets [NCT00939367]	Phase 1	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-02-24	Completed
A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Crossover Trial of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine and Zolpidem for Treatment of Primary Insomnia [NCT05615727]	Phase 3	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-01	Recruiting
A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Active- and Placebo-Controlled Polysomnography Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of JNJ-42847922 in Subjects With Insomnia Disorder [NCT03375203]	Phase 2	365 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-23	Completed
FK199B (Zolpidem MR Tablet) Phase III Clinical Study -A Double-Blind, Placebo- and Nitrazepam-Controlled, Group-Comparison Study in Patients With Insomnia Associated With Schizophrenia and Manic-Depressive Psychosis [NCT00374777]	Phase 3	450 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-08-31	Completed
Alprazolam and Simulated Driving Performance: Next Day Effects [NCT03297944]	Phase 4	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-15	Completed
The Effects of Zolpidem Compared With Exercise on Chronic Insomnia [NCT03160404]	Early Phase 1	34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-04-16	Completed
Pharmacovigilance in Gerontopsychiatric Patients [NCT02374567]	Phase 3	407 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Terminated
Studies in Fasted Healthy, Normal Subjects to Compare the Single Dose Bio-availability of Torrent's Zolpidem Tartrate Tablets 10 mg and Sanofi-Synthelabo's Ambien® 10 mg Tablets [NCT00939536]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-06-30	Completed
The Role of Sleep in the Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorders [NCT01685073]	Phase 2/Phase 3	127 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
Effects of Zolpidem CR in Sleep and Clinical Outcomes of Patients in Cardiac Intensive Care Unit [NCT01920334]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Recruiting
Z-Drugs for the Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Alzheimer's Disease: a Randomized, Triple-blind, Placebo-controlled Study [NCT03075241]	Phase 3	62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Completed
A Pilot Study of Two Contrasting Intervention Programs for Sleep Management [NCT01804036]	Phase 2/Phase 3	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Advancing the Multimodal Pathway: Investigating the Use of Sleep and Zolpidem in the Recovery After Shoulder Arthroplasty [NCT03269760]	Phase 1	122 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-01	Completed
A 2-Part, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active- Controlled, Single Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of E2006 in Healthy Subjects and Otherwise Healthy Subjects With Primary Insomnia [NCT01463098]	Phase 1	122 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-05	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00086281 (1) [back to overview]	The Primary Efficacy Variable Was the Mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI).
NCT00156533 (2) [back to overview]	Sleep Latency (SL)
NCT00156533 (2) [back to overview]	Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO)
NCT00177216 (3) [back to overview]	Change in Diary Sleep Efficiency
NCT00177216 (3) [back to overview]	Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
NCT00177216 (3) [back to overview]	Change in PSG Sleep Efficiency for the Second Night in the Sleep Lab at Each Timepoint
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Subjective Wake Time After Sleep Onset After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Average Subjective Total Sleep Time After Scheduled Middle-of-the-Night Awakening
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Latency to Persistent Sleep After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening as Measured by Polysomnography
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Latency to Persistent Sleep After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening as Measured by Polysomnography for a Subpopulation of Participants With More Severe Insomnia
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Number of Treatment Responders Based on Polysomnography Latency to Persistent Sleep After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Polysomnography Number of Awakenings After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Polysomnography Sleep Efficiency After Scheduled Middle-of-the-Night Awakening
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Polysomnography Wake Time After Sleep Onset Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Subjective Number of Awakenings After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Subjective Sleep Onset Latency After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Total Sleep Time After Scheduled Middle-of-the-Night Awakening Measured by Polysomnography
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Total Sleep Time After Scheduled Middle-of-the-Night Awakening Measured by Polysomnography for Participants With More Severe Insomnia
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Subjective Ability to Function
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Subjective Level of Refreshed Sleep
NCT00380081 (15) [back to overview]	Subjective Sleep Quality Rating
NCT00383643 (5) [back to overview]	Assessment of Sleepiness
NCT00383643 (5) [back to overview]	Assessment of Insomnia Severity Index
NCT00383643 (5) [back to overview]	Assessment of Fatigue
NCT00383643 (5) [back to overview]	Assessment of Clinical Global Impression-change.
NCT00383643 (5) [back to overview]	Assessment of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
NCT00466193 (10) [back to overview]	Morning Sleepiness Rating Following Dosing Post Middle-of-the-Night Awakening at Baseline
NCT00466193 (10) [back to overview]	Latency to Sleep Onset After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening at Baseline
NCT00466193 (10) [back to overview]	Subjective Wake Time After Sleep Onset Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening During Double-blind Treatment
NCT00466193 (10) [back to overview]	Subjective Wake Time After Sleep Onset Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening at Baseline
NCT00466193 (10) [back to overview]	Subjective Number of Awakenings Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening at Baseline.
NCT00466193 (10) [back to overview]	Subjective Total Sleep Time Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening During Double-blind Treatment
NCT00466193 (10) [back to overview]	Subjective Total Sleep Time Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening at Baseline
NCT00466193 (10) [back to overview]	Morning Sleepiness Rating Following Dosing Post Middle-of-the-Night Awakening During Double-blind Treatment
NCT00466193 (10) [back to overview]	Subjective Number of Awakenings Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening During Double-blind Treatment
NCT00466193 (10) [back to overview]	Latency to Sleep Onset After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening During Double-blind Treatment
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Dosage During Weeks 1-2
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Dosage During Weeks 9-10
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Dosage During Weeks 7-8
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Dosage During Weeks 5-6
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Dosage During Weeks 3-4
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Frequency During Weeks 1-2
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Zolpidem Therapy
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Participants Who Achieved a 50% Reduction in Zolpidem Dosage at the End of the Double-Blind Treatment Period
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Participants Who Completely Discontinued Zolpidem at the End of Double-Blind Treatment Period, by Method of Discontinuation
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Frequency During Weeks 9-10
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Frequency During Weeks 7-8
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Frequency During Weeks 3-4
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Frequency During Weeks 5-6
NCT00492232 (14) [back to overview]	Participants Who Achieved a 50% Reduction in Zolpidem Dosage at Any Time During the Double-Blind Treatment Period
NCT00608985 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Day 15&16 in WASO
NCT00608985 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Day 15&16 in LPS
NCT00608985 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Day 1&2 in Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO)
NCT00608985 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Day 1&2 in Latency to Persistent Sleep (LPS)
NCT00608985 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 1&2 in Subjective Latency to Sleep Onset (sLSO)
NCT00608985 (6) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline to Week 1&2 in the Self-reported WASO (sWASO)
NCT00658541 (3) [back to overview]	Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to Time t [AUC(0-t)] for Zolpidem Tartrate
NCT00658541 (3) [back to overview]	Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 Extrapolated to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)]for Zolpidem Tartrate
NCT00658541 (3) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Zolpidem Tartrate
NCT00662155 (2) [back to overview]	Overall Average Sleep Efficiency (%)
NCT00662155 (2) [back to overview]	Overall Average Sleep Continuity Profile
NCT00684814 (3) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Zolpidem Tartrate
NCT00684814 (3) [back to overview]	Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 Extrapolated to Infinity [AUC(0-∞)]for Zolpidem Tartrate
NCT00684814 (3) [back to overview]	Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to Time t [AUC(0-t)] for Zolpidem Tartrate
NCT00770510 (6) [back to overview]	Total Sleep Time (Objective & Subjective)
NCT00770510 (6) [back to overview]	Wake Time After Sleep Onset (WASO)- Objective & Subjective
NCT00770510 (6) [back to overview]	Number of Awakenings (Objective & Subjective)
NCT00770510 (6) [back to overview]	Sleep Latency (SL)
NCT00770510 (6) [back to overview]	Sleep Efficiency
NCT00770510 (6) [back to overview]	Latency To Persistent Sleep (LPS)
NCT00777829 (2) [back to overview]	Pharmacological Enhancement of Specific Sleep Parameters
NCT00777829 (2) [back to overview]	Correlation of Pharmacological Interventions With Sleep-stage-specific Memory Tasks
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Average Nightly Total Sleep Time at Week 4 (Week 2 of Period B) Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Health-related Quality of Life as Measured by European Quality of Life (EuroQol) at Week 4 (Week 2 of Period B) Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Participants' Impression of Daytime Functioning Measured by Daily Consequences of Insomnia Questionnaire (DCIQ) at Week 4 (Week 2 of Period B) Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Sleep Efficiency at Week 4 (Week 2 of Period B) Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) at Week 4 (Week 2 of Period B) Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Time Awake at Week 4 (Week 2 of Period B) Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Assessment of Sleep Quality at Week 4 (Week 2 of Period B) Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Blood Pressure (BP) at Each 2-Week Treatment Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Heart Rate as Measured by Electrocardiogram (ECG) at Each 2-week Treatment Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Treatment Satisfaction as Measured by the Participant Drug Preference Question
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) in Insomnia at Week 4 (Week 2 of Period B) Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE)
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Abnormal Laboratory Analytes at Each 2-Week Treatment Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Clinical Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) in Insomnia at Week 4 (Week 2 of Period B) Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Weight at Each 2-week Treatment Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in QT Interval Corrected Using Fridericia Formula (QTcF) as Measured by Electrocardiogram (ECG) at Each 2-week Treatment Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Pulse Rate at Each 2-week Treatment Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Unwanted Time Awake at Week 4 (Week 2 of Period B) Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Number of Awakenings During Sleep at Week 4 (Week 2 of Period B) Endpoint
NCT00784875 (21) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Physical and Mental Component Scores as Measured by the Short Form 12 (SF-12) Version 2 at Week 4 (Week 2 of Period B) Endpoint
NCT00814502 (3) [back to overview]	Measures of Aggression, Psychosis, General Clinical Status, Cognitive Measures, Mood Symptoms
NCT00814502 (3) [back to overview]	Sleep Minutes
NCT00814502 (3) [back to overview]	Sleep Efficiency
NCT00833521 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-inf - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)
NCT00833521 (3) [back to overview]	Cmax - Maximum Observed Concentration
NCT00833521 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-t - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)
NCT00833937 (3) [back to overview]	Cmax - Maximum Observed Concentration
NCT00833937 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-t - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Non-zero Concentration (Per Participant)
NCT00833937 (3) [back to overview]	AUC0-inf - Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (Extrapolated)
NCT00939367 (3) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT00939367 (3) [back to overview]	Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to Time t [AUC(0-t)]
NCT00939367 (3) [back to overview]	The Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity AUC(0-∞)
NCT00939536 (3) [back to overview]	Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to Time t [AUC(0-t)]
NCT00939536 (3) [back to overview]	Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax)
NCT00939536 (3) [back to overview]	The Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to Infinity AUC(0-∞)
NCT01106859 (9) [back to overview]	Summary of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Experiences (TEAEs)
NCT01106859 (9) [back to overview]	Probability of Differences From Placebo Exceeding The 3.5 cm Threshold in Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) Following Administration of Active Therapy
NCT01106859 (9) [back to overview]	Probability of Differences From Placebo Exceeding The 2.0 cm Threshold in Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) Following Administration of Active Therapy
NCT01106859 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Whose Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) Following Active Treatment As Compared to Placebo In Relation To The 3.5 cm SDLP Threshold
NCT01106859 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Whose Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) Following Active Treatment As Compared to Placebo In Relation To The 2.5 cm SDLP Threshold
NCT01106859 (9) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Whose Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) Following Active Treatment As Compared to Placebo In Relation To The 2.0 cm SDLP Threshold
NCT01106859 (9) [back to overview]	Mean Standard Deviation of Speed (SDS) in the Highway Drive Test
NCT01106859 (9) [back to overview]	Mean Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) in the Highway Driving Test
NCT01106859 (9) [back to overview]	Probability of Differences From Placebo Exceeding The 2.5 cm Threshold in Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) Following Administration of Active Therapy
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: How Long Did You Sleep Last Night at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: Number of Awakening After Falling Asleep at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: Rate Quality of Your Sleep at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: Rate Quality of Your Sleep at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: Time Spent Awake After Falling Asleep at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Number of Participants With Any Suicidality Assessed Using Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: Time to Fall Asleep Last Night at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: Time to Fall Asleep Last Night at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Maximum Change From Day 1 (Pre-dose) in Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) Score at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Maximum Change From Day 1 (Pre-dose) in Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Score at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: Number of Awakening After Falling Asleep at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Maximum Change From Day 1 (Pre-dose) in Number of Lapses of > 500 Msec Assessed by Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Number of Participants With Any Suicidality Assessed Using Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Treatment Emergent Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Baseline in Duration (in Minutes) of Each Sleep Stage Assessed Using PSG at Day 1
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Baseline in Latency to Persistent Sleep (LPS) Assessed Using Polysomnography (PSG) Measurement at Day 1
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Baseline in Mean Total Number of Shift in Sleep Stages Assessed Using PSG at Day 1
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Time to Reach Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of E2006
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Treatment Emergent Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Baseline in Number of Awakenings After Persistent Sleep (NAW) Assessed Using PSG at Day 1
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Baseline in Percentage of Each Sleep Stage Duration Assessed Using PSG at Day 1
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Baseline in Sleep Efficiency Assessed Using PSG at Day 1
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Baseline in Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) Assessed Using PSG at Day 1
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Day 1 (Pre-dose) in Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) Score at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Day 1 (Pre-dose) in Number of Lapses of Greater Than (>) 500- Milliseconds (Msec) Assessed by Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Day 1 (Pre-dose) in Score on Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: How Long Did You Sleep Last Night at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: Number of Awakening After Falling Asleep at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: Rate Quality of Your Sleep at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: Time Spent Awake After Falling Asleep at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Change From Baseline in Electrocardiogram (ECG) Parameter Values
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: Time Spent Awake After Falling Asleep at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: Time to Fall Asleep Last Night at Day 6
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Apparent Total Clearance of E2006 From Plasma (CL/F)
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Apparent Volume of Distribution of E2006 in Plasma (Vz/F)
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to 24 Hours (AUC0-24) of E2006
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (AUC0-inf) of E2006
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to t Hours (AUC0-t) of E2006
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Cumulative Amount of Unchanged Drug E2006 Excreted Into the Urine (Ae)
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of E2006
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Change From Baseline in Total Sleep Time (TST) Assessed Using PSG at Day 1
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Laboratory Parameter Values
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Number of Participants With Significant Change From Baseline in Vital Sign Values
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Renal Clearance (CLR) of Drug E2006
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Terminal Half-life (t1/2) of E2006 in Plasma
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Change From Baseline in ECG Parameter Values
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Number of Participants With Markedly Abnormal Laboratory Parameter Values
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part B: Number of Participants With Significant Change From Baseline in Vital Sign Values
NCT01463098 (49) [back to overview]	Part A: Change From Day 1 in Waketime Questionnaire Parameters: How Long Did You Sleep Last Night at Day 6
NCT01485393 (2) [back to overview]	Performance on a Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) After Waking up From Sleep
NCT01485393 (2) [back to overview]	Change in Sleep Quality
NCT01651442 (1) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Who Met Remission as Measured by the Insomnia Severity Index
NCT01685073 (2) [back to overview]	Sleep Efficiency as Assessed by Percentage of Time Asleep While in Bed
NCT01685073 (2) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Cannabis Abstinence as Assessed by Urine Cannabis Testing
NCT01689909 (9) [back to overview]	Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep
NCT01689909 (9) [back to overview]	Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D)
NCT01689909 (9) [back to overview]	Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)
NCT01689909 (9) [back to overview]	Scale for Suicide Ideation Index (SSI)
NCT01689909 (9) [back to overview]	Disturbing Dreams and Nightmares Severity Index (DDNSI)
NCT01689909 (9) [back to overview]	Actigraphy
NCT01689909 (9) [back to overview]	Basis-32 - the Daily Living and Role Functioning (DLRF) Subscale
NCT01689909 (9) [back to overview]	Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS)
NCT01689909 (9) [back to overview]	Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS): the Suicidal Ideation Scale
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Sleep Onset Latency Using a Sleep Diary, From Baseline at 2 Month Follow-up
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Subjective Measures of Sleep Using Medical Outcomes Study -Sleep Scale, From Baseline at 1-week Follow-up
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Subjective Measures of Sleep Using Medical Outcomes Study -Sleep Scale, From Baseline at 2 Month Follow-up
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Total Sleep Time Using a Sleep Diary, From Baseline at 1-week Follow-up
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Total Sleep Time Using a Sleep Diary, From Baseline at 2 Month Follow-up
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Sleep Onset Latency Using a Sleep Diary, From Baseline at 1-week Follow-up
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Insomnia Severity Index, From Baseline at 1-week Follow-up
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Insomnia Severity Index, From Baseline at 2 Month Follow-up
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Waking After Sleep Onset Using a Sleep Diary, From Baseline at 1-week Follow-up
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Change in Waking After Sleep Onset Using a Sleep Diary, From Baseline at 2 Month Follow-up
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	PTSD Check List (PCL) - Military (PCL-M)
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)
NCT01804036 (14) [back to overview]	Mindfulness Assessment (Five-facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; FFMQ)
NCT02096900 (3) [back to overview]	Patient Anxiety at the Time of Separation
NCT02096900 (3) [back to overview]	Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) Score at Separation (mYPAS2) Based on Baseline (mYPAS1) Score.
NCT02096900 (3) [back to overview]	Parental/Caregiver Anxiety Assessed Using the Validated State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI)
NCT02353299 (7) [back to overview]	Immediate Free Recall Task
NCT02353299 (7) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT02353299 (7) [back to overview]	Tandem Walk Duration Over Five Trials
NCT02353299 (7) [back to overview]	Tandem Walk Step-Offs
NCT02353299 (7) [back to overview]	Auditory Arousal Threshold (AAT) at T-max
NCT02353299 (7) [back to overview]	Berg Balance Test
NCT02353299 (7) [back to overview]	Delayed Free Recall Task
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) Score of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Zolpidem ER and Placebo on Day 31
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean sSOL, sWASO, and sTST of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Placebo
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Placebo on Days 29/30
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean WASO2H and TST of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Placebo on Days 29/30
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Subjective Sleep Efficiency (sSE) of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Zolpidem ER
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean LPS, WASO, and TST of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Zolpidem ER on Days 1/2 and Days 29/30
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Subjective Sleep Onset Latency (sSOL), Subjective Wake After Sleep Onset (sWASO) and Subjective Total Sleep Time (sTST) of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Zolpidem ER
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in WASO in the Second Half of the Night (WASO2H) of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Zolpidem ER on Days 29/30
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Percentage of Responders With Objective and Subjective Sleep Onset Response, and Objective and Subjective Sleep Maintenance Response
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Score From Items 4 to 7 on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Zolpidem ER and Placebo on Day 31
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean LPS, WASO, WASO2H, and TST of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Placebo on Days 1/2
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Latency to Persistent Sleep (LPS) of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Placebo on Days 29/30
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Body Sway Upon Awakening in the Morning for Lemborexant 5 mg and Lemborexant 10 mg Compared to Zolpidem ER on Days 2/3
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean sSE of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Placebo
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Sleep Efficiency (SE) of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Placebo on Days 29/30
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean SE of Lemborexant 10 mg and Lemborexant 5 mg Compared to Placebo on Days 1/2
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Quality of Memory (QOM) and Continuity of Attention (COA) on Days 2/3
NCT02783729 (18) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Mean Power of Attention (POA) and Speed of Memory Retrieval (SOMT) on Days 2/3
NCT02839200 (4) [back to overview]	Change in Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) From Baseline to Days 1 and 2
NCT02839200 (4) [back to overview]	Change in Subjective Wake After Sleep Onset (sWASO) From Baseline to Week 4
NCT02839200 (4) [back to overview]	Change in Subjective Latency to Sleep Onset (sLSO) From Baseline to Week 4
NCT02839200 (4) [back to overview]	Change in Latency to Persistent Sleep (LPS) From Baseline to Days 1 and 2
NCT03297944 (1) [back to overview]	Standard Deviation of Lane Position (SLDP)
NCT03307005 (7) [back to overview]	Sleep Efficiency
NCT03307005 (7) [back to overview]	Sleep Latency
NCT03307005 (7) [back to overview]	Total Sleep Time
NCT03307005 (7) [back to overview]	Epworth Sleepiness Scale
NCT03307005 (7) [back to overview]	Insomnia Severity Index
NCT03307005 (7) [back to overview]	Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire
NCT03307005 (7) [back to overview]	Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Time to First Awakening After Sleep on Day 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Sleep Time (TST) as Measured by PSG Over 6 Hours on Nights 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Sleep Time (TST) as Measured by PSG Over 8 Hours on Nights 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Total Time Spent in Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep on Day 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Wake After Final Awakening on Day 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Wake During Total Sleep Period on Day 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change in Subjective Sleep Parameters From Day 14 as Compared to Day 17 as Measured by the Consensus Sleep Diary-Morning Administration (CSD-M):Self-Reported Sleep-Onset Latency (sSOL), Subjective Wake After Sleep Onset (sWASO) and sTST
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change in Subjective Sleep Parameters From Day 14 as Compared to Day 17 Using Consensus Sleep Diary-Morning Administration: Subjective Refreshed Feeling on Waking (sFRESH) and Subjective Quality of Sleep (sQUAL)
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Electrocardiogram (ECG) Abnormalities
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Laboratory Abnormalities
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Vital Signs and Physical Abnormalities
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Serious Adverse Events and Events of Special Interest
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Withdrawal Symptoms of JNJ-42847922 as Measured by Physician Withdrawal Checklist (PWC) From Day 14 to Day 17
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants With Sleep-Onset Rapid Eye Movement on Day 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) Measured Hourly on Days 1 and 13 From Hour 1 to Hour 8
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Latency on Day 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Sleep Disturbance as Measured by Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System - Sleep Disturbance (PROMIS-SD) Total Score on Days 8 and 14
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Sleep Efficiency (SE) Measured by PSG on Nights 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Subjective Sleep Parameters Using Consensus Sleep Diary - Morning Administration (CSD-M) on Days 2 and 14: Number of Nighttime Awakenings (s-nNAW)
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Subjective Sleep Parameters Using Consensus Sleep Diary - Morning Administration (CSD-M) on Days 2 and 14: Self-Reported Sleep-Onset Latency (sSOL), Subjective Wake After Sleep Onset (sWASO), Subjective Total Sleep Time (sTST)
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Subjective Sleep Parameters Using Consensus Sleep Diary - Morning Administration (CSD-M) on Days 2 and 14: Subjective Refreshed Feeling on Waking (sFRESH) and Subjective Quality of Sleep (sQUAL)
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Benzodiazepine Withdrawal Symptom Questionnaire (BWSQ) Total Score for Self-Assessment of Withdrawal Symptoms on Day 17
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Clinician's Assessment of Insomnia Improvement Using Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) Score on Day 14
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Clinician's Assessment of Insomnia Severity Using the Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S) Score on Day 14
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Continuity of Attention as Measured by a Computerized Battery of Cognitive Tests on Day 14 (Morning)
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Latency to Persistent Sleep (LPS) as Measured by Polysomnography (PSG) on Night 1
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in LPS as Measured by PSG on Night 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Participant's Assessment of Insomnia Severity Using the Patient Global Impression - Severity (PGI-S) Scale Score on Day 14
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Power of Attention as Measured by a Computerized Battery of Cognitive Tests on Day 14 (Morning)
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Quality of Episodic Secondary Memory as Measured by a Computerized Battery of Cognitive Tests on Day 14 (Morning)
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Quality of Working Memory as Measured by a Computerized Battery of Cognitive Tests on Day 14 (Morning)
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Speed of Memory as Measured by a Computerized Battery of Cognitive Tests on Day 14 (Morning)
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) Over the First 6 Hours as Measured by PSG on Night 1
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in WASO Over the First 6 Hours as Measured by PSG on Night 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change in Subjective Sleep Parameters From Day 14 as Compared to Day 17 Using Consensus Sleep Diary-Morning Administration (CSD-M): Number of Nighttime Awakenings (s-nNAW)
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs) as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Participant's Assessment of Improvement in Insomnia Using the Patient Global Impression - Improvement (PGI-I) Scale Score on Day 14
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Remission Based on Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) Total Score on Day 14 - Observed Case
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Response Based on Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) Total Score on Day 14 - Observed Case
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Postural Stability Measured by Ataxiameter
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Impairment as Measured by Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System - Sleep Related Impairment (PROMIS-SRI) Total Score on Days 8 and 14
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Total Score on Days 2 and 14
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Number of Night-time Awakenings (nNAW) Over 6 Hours on Day 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Number of Night-time Awakenings Per Hour (nNAW/hr) on Day 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Number of Sleep Cycles on Day 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Duration on Day 1 and 13
NCT03375203 (47) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With Suicidal Ideation and Behavior as Determined by Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Score
NCT04102345 (8) [back to overview]	Arousal Index
NCT04102345 (8) [back to overview]	Number of Participants With A Successful Polysomnogram (PSG)
NCT04102345 (8) [back to overview]	Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep Onset Latency
NCT04102345 (8) [back to overview]	Sleep Efficiency
NCT04102345 (8) [back to overview]	Sleep Onset Latency
NCT04102345 (8) [back to overview]	Stage 3/4 Sleep Percentage
NCT04102345 (8) [back to overview]	Total Sleep Time (TST)
NCT04102345 (8) [back to overview]	Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO)
NCT04720547 (6) [back to overview]	Controller Gain
NCT04720547 (6) [back to overview]	CO2 Reserve
NCT04720547 (6) [back to overview]	The Central Apnea-hypopnea Index
NCT04720547 (6) [back to overview]	Stead-State Plant Gain (mmHg
NCT04720547 (6) [back to overview]	Respiratory Arousal Threshold
NCT04720547 (6) [back to overview]	Respiratory Arousal Index

The Primary Efficacy Variable Was the Mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI).

The AHI was defined as the incidence(events per hour) of apnea and hypopnea events associated with sleep, determined from the overnight polysomnogram (PSG). An apnea event is characterized by a cessation in airflow lasting >= 10 seconds, accompanied by oxygen desaturation of >3% or arousal. An Hyponea event is characterized by a transient reduction in breathing lasting >= 10 seconds, with clear decrease (>50%) from baseline in the amplitude of breathing or a decrease <50% in the amplitude of breathing accompanied by oxygen desaturation of >3% or arousal. (NCT00086281)
Timeframe: One night of PSG during one night of treatment each per arm.

Intervention	Apnea + Hypopnea episodes per hour (Mean)
Placebo	22.33
Xyrem	18.18
Xyrem + Modafinil	21.10
Zolpidem + Placebo	22.71

Intervention	difference score of PSQI total (Mean)
Experimental: Zolpidem	-0.86
Experimental: Excitalopram	-3.15
Placebo Comparator: Placebo	-3.32

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Poor	Fair	Good	Excellent
Placebo	18.5	42.0	33.3	6.2
Zolpidem 1.75 mg	9.8	42.7	41.5	6.1
Zolpidem 3.5 mg	7.5	41.3	45.0	6.3

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	No wake time	>0 to 20 minutes	21 to 60 minutes	> 60 minutes
Placebo	16.7	26.4	31.9	25.0
Zolpidem 3.5 mg	30.0	27.3	26.0	16.7

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	0 awakenings	>0 and <=1 awakenings	>1 and <=2 awakenings	>2 awakenings
Placebo	11.8	45.1	27.1	16.0
Zolpidem 3.5 mg	16.7	46.0	26.0	11.3

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Reduction in Dose	Reduction in Dose and Frequency
Placebo QD	8	8
Ramelteon 8 mg QD	12	3

Intervention	minutes (Median)
	Baseline	Day 15&16	Change from baseline to Day 15&16
Almorexant 100mg	86.6	55.8	-29.6
Almorexant 200mg	92.3	51.8	-36.3
Placebo	85.0	65.0	-18.3
Zolpidem 10mg	76.5	63.0	-15.1

Intervention	minutes (Median)
	Baseline	Day 1&2	Change from baseline to day 1&2
Almorexant 100mg	86.6	54.5	-29.0
Almorexant 200mg	92.3	46.4	-40.4
Placebo	85.0	72.8	-11.8
Zolpidem 10mg	76.5	54.6	-17.9

Intervention	minutes (Median)
	Baseline	Week 1&2	Change from baseline to week 1&2
Almorexant 100mg	55.0	36.5	-16.2
Almorexant 200mg	53.3	34.5	-16.2
Placebo	58.8	45.0	-10.0
Zolpidem 10mg	50.5	33.3	-17.2

Intervention	ng-hr/mL (Mean)
Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg Tablets	518.69
Ambien® 10 mg Tablets	518.68

Intervention	ng-hr/mL (Mean)
Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg Tablets	560.88
Ambien® 10 mg Tablets	561.96

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg Tablets	123.61
Ambien® 10 mg Tablets	131.92

Intervention	minutes (Mean)
	Sleep Latency	Wake After Sleep Onset	Total Sleep Time
IDS-10	33.8	28.4	426.1
PRS-10	19.1	20.0	463.6
QHS-10	28.8	21.8	465
QHS-5	20.7	11.3	486.6

Intervention	ng/mL (Mean)
Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg Tablets	191.94
Ambien® 10 mg Tablets	193.43

Intervention	ng-hr/mL (Mean)
Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg Tablets	723.14
Ambien® 10 mg Tablets	739.63

Intervention	ng-hr/mL (Mean)
Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg Tablets	682.17
Ambien® 10 mg Tablets	692.47

Intervention	Minutes (Median)
	Objective Total Sleep Time	Subjective Total Sleep Time
Eszopiclone 1 mg	438.3	390.0
Eszopiclone 2 mg	452.5	397.5
Eszopiclone 3 mg	453.4	420.0
Placebo	414.0	360.0
Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg	448.6	411.3

Intervention	Minutes (Median)
	Objective Wake Time After Sleep Onset	Subjective Wake Time After Sleep Onset
Eszopiclone 1 mg	22.5	60.0
Eszopiclone 2 mg	17.8	37.5
Eszopiclone 3 mg	18.8	40.0
Placebo	26.3	75.0
Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg	20.0	50.0

Intervention	Number of awakenings (Median)
	Objective Number of Awakenings	Subjective Number of Awakenings
Eszopiclone 1 mg	4.0	3.0
Eszopiclone 2 mg	3.5	2.5
Eszopiclone 3 mg	2.8	2.0
Placebo	4.0	3.0
Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg	3.5	2.0

Intervention	Minutes (Mean)
Placebo	62.0
Eszopiclone 1 mg	45.5
Eszopiclone 2 mg	32.6
Eszopiclone 3 mg	28.4
Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg	28.0

Intervention	Percentage of time asleep of 8 hours (Median)
Placebo	86.3
Eszopiclone 1 mg	91.3
Eszopiclone 2 mg	94.3
Eszopiclone 3 mg	94.5
Zolpidem Tartrate 10 mg	93.5

zolpidem

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (79)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (55)

Potency Measurements

Inhibition Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (46)

Molecular Functions (30)

Ceullar Components (43)

Bioassays (359)

Research

Studies (1,694)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 128.39

Study Types

Clinical Trials (121)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

The Primary Efficacy Variable Was the Mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI).

Sleep Latency (SL)

Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO)

Change in Diary Sleep Efficiency

Change in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index

Change in PSG Sleep Efficiency for the Second Night in the Sleep Lab at Each Timepoint

Subjective Wake Time After Sleep Onset After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening

Average Subjective Total Sleep Time After Scheduled Middle-of-the-Night Awakening

Latency to Persistent Sleep After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening as Measured by Polysomnography

Latency to Persistent Sleep After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening as Measured by Polysomnography for a Subpopulation of Participants With More Severe Insomnia

Number of Treatment Responders Based on Polysomnography Latency to Persistent Sleep After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening

Polysomnography Number of Awakenings After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening

Polysomnography Sleep Efficiency After Scheduled Middle-of-the-Night Awakening

Polysomnography Wake Time After Sleep Onset Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening

Subjective Number of Awakenings After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening

Subjective Sleep Onset Latency After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening

Total Sleep Time After Scheduled Middle-of-the-Night Awakening Measured by Polysomnography

Total Sleep Time After Scheduled Middle-of-the-Night Awakening Measured by Polysomnography for Participants With More Severe Insomnia

Subjective Ability to Function

Subjective Level of Refreshed Sleep

Subjective Sleep Quality Rating

Assessment of Sleepiness

Assessment of Insomnia Severity Index

Assessment of Fatigue

Assessment of Clinical Global Impression-change.

Assessment of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

Morning Sleepiness Rating Following Dosing Post Middle-of-the-Night Awakening at Baseline

Latency to Sleep Onset After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening at Baseline

Subjective Wake Time After Sleep Onset Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening During Double-blind Treatment

Subjective Wake Time After Sleep Onset Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening at Baseline

Subjective Number of Awakenings Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening at Baseline.

Subjective Total Sleep Time Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening During Double-blind Treatment

Subjective Total Sleep Time Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening at Baseline

Morning Sleepiness Rating Following Dosing Post Middle-of-the-Night Awakening During Double-blind Treatment

Subjective Number of Awakenings Following Middle-of-the-Night Awakening During Double-blind Treatment

Latency to Sleep Onset After Middle-of-the-Night Awakening During Double-blind Treatment

Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Dosage During Weeks 1-2

Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Dosage During Weeks 9-10

Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Dosage During Weeks 7-8

Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Dosage During Weeks 5-6

Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Dosage During Weeks 3-4

Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Frequency During Weeks 1-2

Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Zolpidem Therapy

Participants Who Achieved a 50% Reduction in Zolpidem Dosage at the End of the Double-Blind Treatment Period

Participants Who Completely Discontinued Zolpidem at the End of Double-Blind Treatment Period, by Method of Discontinuation

Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Frequency During Weeks 9-10

Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Frequency During Weeks 7-8

Change From Baseline in Weekly Zolpidem Frequency During Weeks 3-4

Intervention	minutes (Least Squares Mean)
LY2624803 1 mg	30.16
LY2624803 3 mg	37.33
Zolpidem 5 or 10 mg	50.63
Placebo	22.79

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY2624803 1 mg	-3.06
LY2624803 3 mg	-2.56
Zolpidem 5 or 10 mg	-1.71
Placebo	0.23

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY2624803 1 mg	-1.23
LY2624803 3 mg	-0.87
Zolpidem 5 or 10 mg	-1.20
Placebo	-0.73

Intervention	ratio (Least Squares Mean)
LY2624803 1 mg	0.06
LY2624803 3 mg	0.06
Zolpidem 5 or 10 mg	0.10
Placebo	0.03

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
LY2624803 1 mg	-2.85
LY2624803 3 mg	-2.83
Zolpidem 5 or 10 mg	-4.63
Placebo	-1.95

Intervention	minutes (Least Squares Mean)
LY2624803 1 mg	-28.63
LY2624803 3 mg	-28.62
Zolpidem 5 or 10 mg	-47.28
Placebo	-13.09

Intervention	units on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
	Total Score	Feeling upon Awakening Subscale	Sleep Experience Subscale
LY2624803 1 mg	0.17	0.14	0.22
LY2624803 3 mg	0.17	0.13	0.24
Placebo	0.13	0.12	0.15
Zolpidem 5 or 10 mg	0.25	0.19	0.35

Intervention	mmHg (Least Squares Mean)
	Period B: DBP (n= 112, 111, 117, 117)	Period B: SBP (n= 112, 111, 117, 117)	Period C: DBP (n= 102, 97, 97, 97)	Period C: SBP (n= 102, 97, 97, 97)	Period D: DBP (n= 91, 89, 93, 88)	Period D: SBP (n= 91, 89, 93, 88)
LY2624803 1 mg	0.15	0.83	0.35	2.31	0.33	0.03
LY2624803 3 mg	0.21	0.91	1.11	1.54	-0.31	1.17
Placebo	-0.41	-0.37	-0.51	0.58	0.75	2.39
Zolpidem 5 or 10 mg	-0.45	-0.05	-0.68	0.68	0.37	0.87

Intervention	beats per minute (Least Squares Mean)
	Period B (n= 112, 110, 115, 112)	Period C (n= 99, 94, 96, 95)	Period D (n= 91,86, 93, 87)
LY2624803 1 mg	1.09	-0.59	1.71
LY2624803 3 mg	0.26	0.31	1.71
Placebo	0.30	1.14	0.86
Zolpidem 5 or 10 mg	1.10	-0.02	1.43

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Period A Treatment (placebo)	Period B Treatment
LY2624803 1 mg	23.2	76.8
LY2624803 3 mg	22.9	77.1
Placebo	35.1	64.9
Zolpidem 5 or 10 mg	12.6	87.4