Compounds > diphenhydramine
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diphenhydramine

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Description

Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID3100
CHEMBL ID657
CHEBI ID4636
SCHEMBL ID4064
MeSH IDM0006508

Synonyms (264)

Synonym
AC-13704
BIDD:GT0152
AB00053460-22
AB00053460-23
BRD-K47278471-003-05-7
2-[di(phenyl)methoxy]-n,n-dimethylethanamine
gtpl1224
dimehydrinate
allergan
KBIO1_000368
DIVK1C_000368
NCI60_002916
NCI60_022782
2-[(diphenylmethyl)oxy]-n,n-dimethylethanamine
benzantin
diphen
allergina
dimedrolum
dibendrin
antitussive
nsc665800
nsc-665800
diphenylhydramine
restamin
rigidyl
benadryl
SPECTRUM_000980
BSPBIO_000249
BSPBIO_002219
antistominum
desentol
ibiodral
2-diphenylmethoxy-n,n-dimethylethylamine
novamina
difenhidramina [inn-spanish]
2-(diphenylmethoxy)-n,n-dimethylethylamine
einecs 200-396-7
diphenhydraminum [inn-latin]
n-(benzhydryloksy-etylo)dwumetyloamina [polish]
dabylen
S51 ,
dylamon
bagodryl
ccris 1959
beta-dimethylamino-aethyl-benzhydryl-aether [german]
nausen
benodin
benylan
difenhydramin
dermodrin
ethylamine, n,n-dimethyl-2-(diphenylmethoxy)-
drylistan
diphenhydramine [inn:ban:jan]
ethylamine, 2-(diphenylmethoxy)-n,n-dimethyl-
benylin
mephadryl
benhydramin
allergical
diphenylhydramin
automin
antomin
benzhydroamina
far 90x2
benzantine
debendrin
benachlor
benodine
hyadrine
brn 1914136
medidryl
beta-dimethylaminoethylbenzhydrylether
pm 255
diabenyl
benadrin
benzhydramine
dimedrol base
benzhydril
amidryl
difenidramina [italian]
diphantine
benzhydraminum
dibondrin
benapon
syntedril
betramin
dermistina
baramine
hsdb 3066
difedryl
diabylen
histaxin
n,n-dimethyl-2-(diphenylmethoxy)-ethylamine hydrochloride
lopac-d-3630
NCGC00015335-02
NCGC00015335-01
cas-147-24-0
alledryl
probedryl
2-(benzhydryloxy)-n,n-dimethylethylamine, hydrochloride
dihidral
benadryl (hydrochloride)
ethanamine, 2-(diphenylmethoxy)-n,n-dimethyl-
2-benzhydryloxy-n,n-dimethyl-ethanamine
PRESTWICK2_000065
SPECTRUM5_000915
IDI1_000368
PRESTWICK3_000065
LOPAC0_000377
BPBIO1_000275
2-(diphenylmethoxy)-n,n-dimethylethanamine
STK103720
AB00053460
diphenhydramine
C06960
58-73-1
beta-dimethylaminoethyl benzhydryl ether
2-(benzhydryloxy)-n,n-dimethylethylamine
o-benzhydryldimethylaminoethanol
alpha-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)diphenylmethane
n-(2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl)-n,n-dimethylamine
beta-dimethylaminoethanol diphenylmethyl ether
DB01075
2-diphenylmethoxy-n,n-demthylethanamine
restamin (tn)
D00300
n-[2-(benzhydryloxy)ethyl]-n,n-dimethylamine
2-benzhydryloxyethyl-n,n-dimethylammonium
diphenhydramine (jp17/inn)
2PM ,
NCGC00024414-04
KBIOGR_001099
KBIO3_001439
KBIO2_001460
KBIO2_006596
KBIOSS_001460
KBIO2_004028
PRESTWICK1_000065
NINDS_000368
SPECTRUM3_000400
SPBIO_002170
SPECTRUM2_000961
PRESTWICK0_000065
SPBIO_000961
SPECTRUM4_000520
OPREA1_254625
NCGC00015335-03
NCGC00024414-03
HMS2089E06
NCGC00015335-10
CHEMBL657 ,
diphenhdyra
difenhidramina
CHEBI:4636 ,
diphenhydraminum
MLS002222276
L000227
smr001307259
2-benzhydryloxy-n,n-dimethylethanamine
bdbm50017674
2-(benzhydryloxy)-n,n-dimethylethanamine
(2-benzhydryloxy-ethyl)-dimethyl-amine
NCGC00015335-07
A831996
AKOS003658554
NCGC00024414-06
dtxsid4022949 ,
cas-58-73-1
tox21_110127
dtxcid802949
CCG-204472
HMS2230L19
NCGC00015335-11
NCGC00015335-13
NCGC00015335-06
NCGC00015335-14
NCGC00015335-05
NCGC00015335-08
NCGC00015335-12
NCGC00015335-09
NCGC00015335-04
[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]dimethylamine
dryistan
dimedryl
allergan b
allergeval
syntodril
rigidil
aleryl
ben-allergin
benzhydryl
ec 200-396-7
difenidramina
unii-8gts82s83m
8gts82s83m ,
beta-dimethylamino-aethyl-benzhydryl-aether
n-(benzhydryloksy-etylo)dwumetyloamina
FT-0625221
orphenadrine impurity d
diphenhydramine [inn]
diphenhydramine [mart.]
diphenhydramine [jan]
diphenhydramine [mi]
diphenhdyra [vandf]
orphenadrine citrate impurity d [ep impurity]
diphenhydramine [vandf]
diphenhydramine [who-dd]
diphenhydramine [hsdb]
HMS3373E03
SCHEMBL4064
NCGC00015335-17
tox21_110127_1
allergan (salt/mix)
n,n-dimethyl-2-diphenylmethyloxyethylamine
.beta.-(dimethylamino)ethanol diphenylmethyl ether
n-[2-(diphenylmethoxy)ethyl]-n,n-dimethylamine
.alpha.-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)diphenylmethane
.beta.-(dimethylamino)ethyl benzhydryl ether
2-(benzhydryloxy)-n,n-dimethylethanamine #
eldadryl (salt/mix)
ethylamine, 2-diphenylmethoxy-n,n-dimethyl-
s 51
histacyl (salt/mix)
2-(benzohydryloxy)-n,n-dimethylethylamine
o-benzhydryl(dimethylamino)ethanol
antitussive (salt/mix)
diphenylmethanol, (n,n-dimenthylaminoethyl) ether
restamin (salt/mix)
.beta.-dimethylamino-aethyl-benzhydryl-aether
Q-201002
cambridge id 6699980
AB00053460_24
AB00053460_25
mfcd00274173
GS-3196
dimethylamine benzhydryl ester
dobacen
difenhydramine
F19220
SBI-0050365.P004
diphenydramine
diphenhydramine; antistominum; benzhydramine
Q413486
2-[(phenyl-4-d)(phenyl)methoxy]-n,n-dimethylethanamine
mfcd31699960
2122800-18-2
SY246339
110491-04-8
D4744
BRD-K47278471-003-15-6
SDCCGSBI-0050365.P005
NCGC00015335-28
58-73-1 (free base)
benadryl; benzhydramine; alledryl; probedryl;
CS-0013574
HY-B0303
EN300-7422367
difenhidramina (inn-spanish)
thaobrate de diphanhydramine
d04aa32
diphenhydramine (mart.)
r06aa02
diacafylline diphanhydramine
diphenhydraminum (inn-latin)
SY053190

Research Excerpts

Overview

Diphenhydramine is an H1 receptor antagonist used to control urticaria and other allergic signs caused by type I hypersensitivity reactions in horses (Equus caballus) It is a moderately lipophilic antihistamine with sodium channel blockade properties.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Diphenhydramine is an H1 receptor antagonist used to control urticaria and other allergic signs caused by type I hypersensitivity reactions in horses (Equus caballus). "( Pharmacokinetics of diphenhydramine following single-dose intravenous and oral administration in non-fasted adult horses.
Christensen, JM; Redmond, JS; Schlipf, JW; Stang, BV, 2022)		2.49
"Diphenhydramine (DPH) is a pharmaceutical with multiple modes of action, primarily designed as an antihistamine therapeutic drug. "( Integrated biomarker response in signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus exposed to diphenhydramine.
Bořík, A; Kouba, A; Koubová, A; Van Nguyen, T; Velíšek, J; Žlábek, V, 2022)		2.39
"Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine drug widely used to alleviate symptoms caused by allergies and the common cold. "( An unusual case of fatal hypothermia involving topical diphenhydramine.
Fujishiro, M; Hashimoto, M; Kusano, M; Matsuyama, TA; Nakauchi, A; Narita, SI; Ng, MJ; Sato, K; Tachi, Y; Yoshida, R, 2023)		2.6
"Diphenhydramine (DPH) is an over-the-counter antihistamine medication commonly used for symptom management in palliative care. "( Diphenhydramine Use Disorder and Complicated Withdrawal in a Palliative Care Patient.
Dai, T; Nolen, A, 2020)		3.44
"Diphenhydramine is a widely used first-generation histamine (H"( Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Diphenhydramine Ingestion.
Erkonen, G; Greene, S; Labarinas, S; Meulmester, K; Thomas, J; Virk, M, 2018)		2.18
"Diphenhydramine (DPH) is a first-generation antihistamine, which is useful in treating allergic reaction, and is usually considered innocuous. "( Diphenhydramine dependence through deep intramuscular injection resulting in myonecrosis and prolonged QT interval.
Chang, CC; Chen, CY; Chen, TY; Kuo, SC; Lin, TP; Yeh, YW, 2014)		3.29
"Diphenhydramine is a moderately lipophilic antihistamine with sodium channel blockade properties. "( Intravenous Lipid Emulsion Therapy for Severe Diphenhydramine Toxicity: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Study in a Swine Model.
Bebarta, VS; Boudreau, SM; Castaneda, M; Vargas, TE; Varney, SM; Zarzabal, LA, 2016)		2.14
"Diphenhydramine is a well known H1-receptor antagonist that plays a major role in clinical practice. "( Open channel block of NMDA receptors by diphenhydramine.
Adolph, O; Föhr, KJ; Georgieff, M; Köster, S; Zeller, K, 2015)		2.13
"Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine with previously demonstrated analgesic and antiemetic properties. "( Dose-ranging effect of systemic diphenhydramine on postoperative quality of recovery after ambulatory laparoscopic surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial.
Bialek, J; De Oliveira, GS; Marcus, RJ; McCarthy, R, 2016)		2.16
"Diphenhydramine (DPH) is an H1 histamine receptor antagonist and a relatively safe drug."( Diphenhydramine induces melanoma cell apoptosis by suppressing STAT3/MCL-1 survival signaling and retards B16-F10 melanoma growth in vivo.
Chang, CC; Ho, C; Lee, WC; Or, CR; Su, HL; Yang, SY, 2016)		2.6
"Diphenhydramine is a very useful alternative in lidocaine-intolerant patients for cutaneous procedures including punch and shave biopsies, cyst removals, small elliptical excisions, and wide local excisions."( Injectable Diphenhydramine Used as Anaesthetic for Wide Local Excision With Flap Closure.
Macdonald, J; Pickett, LE, )		1.96
"Diphenhydramine (DPH) is an over-the-counter medication used in the treatment of allergic symptoms. "( Behavioral and neurochemical effects of cocaine and diphenhydramine combinations in rhesus monkeys.
Andersen, ML; Banks, ML; Howell, LL; Meyer, RC; Murnane, KS, 2009)		2.05
"Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties, which has been used for the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) prior to the development of newer agents with better side-effect profiles. "( Diphenhydramine may be useful as a palliative treatment for patients dying with Parkinson's disease and tremors: a case report and discussion.
Gonzalez, F, )		3.02
"Diphenhydramine is a drug readily available over the counter in the form of capsules, tablets, and syrup used for allergy relief. "( Death of a child from topical diphenhydramine.
Turner, JW, 2009)		2.08
"Diphenhydramine is an H1 histamine antagonist that is commonly used for allergic reactions, colds and cough, and as a sleep aid. "( Status epilepticus and wide-complex tachycardia secondary to diphenhydramine overdose.
Duque, D; Hoffman, RS; Jang, DH; Manini, AF; Nelson, LS; Nestor, NB; Trueger, NS, 2010)		2.04
"Diphenhydramine is a widely used agent for the treatment of urticarial pruritus."( Efficacy of intramuscular nalbuphine versus diphenhydramine for the prevention of epidural morphine-induced pruritus after cesarean delivery.
Chang, CS; Chang, YL; Liao, CC; Sheen, MJ; Tsai, SC; Tseng, CH; Wong, SY, )		1.11
"Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine commonly implicated in overdose. "( Wide complex tachycardia in a pediatric diphenhydramine overdose treated with sodium bicarbonate.
Cole, JB; Gross, EA; Smith, SW; Stellpflug, SJ, 2011)		2.08
"Diphenhydramine toxicity is a common poisoning in children. "( Wide complex tachycardia in a pediatric diphenhydramine overdose treated with sodium bicarbonate.
Cole, JB; Gross, EA; Smith, SW; Stellpflug, SJ, 2011)		2.08
"Diphenhydramine (DPH) is a common over the counter antihistamine that produces drowsiness and has the potential to cause driving under the influence of drugs-related accidents. "( Immunoassay screening of diphenhydramine (Benadryl®) in urine and blood using a newly developed assay.
Castro, C; Catbagan, P; Moore, C; Rodrigues, WC; Wang, G, 2012)		2.13
"Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine available in numerous over-the-counter preparations. "( Fatal diphenhydramine intoxication in infants.
Baker, AM; Hearn, WL; Johnson, DG; Levine, B; Levisky, JA; Moore, KA; Nelson, SJ, 2003)		2.24
"Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is a popular over-the-counter antihistaminic medication used for the treatment of allergies. "( Combination of LC/TOF-MS and LC/Ion trap MS/MS for the identification of diphenhydramine in sediment samples.
Ferrer, I; Heine, CE; Thurman, EM, 2004)		2
"Diphenhydramine is a histamine-1 receptor antagonist of ethanolamine origin with anticholinergic, sedative, antivertigo, antiemetic, antidyskinetic, and local anesthetic properties. "( Prolonged QT interval with markedly abnormal ventricular repolarization in diphenhydramine overdose.
Khan, IA; Sype, JW, 2005)		2
"Diphenhydramine is a widely used antihistaminic that is frequently included in over-the-counter medications. "( Paradoxical excitation on diphenhydramine may be associated with being a CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer: three case reports.
de Leon, J; Nikoloff, DM, 2008)		2.09
"Diphenhydramine is an H1 histamine receptor antagonist, yet it also has a clinically useful local anesthetic effect. "( Inhibition of Na(+) current by diphenhydramine and other diphenyl compounds: molecular determinants of selective binding to the inactivated channels.
Huang, RC; Kuo, CC; Lou, BS, 2000)		2.04
"Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is a commonly prescribed medicine in hospitalized patients, but its adverse effects on older patients remain unclear."( Cognitive and other adverse effects of diphenhydramine use in hospitalized older patients.
Agostini, JV; Inouye, SK; Leo-Summers, LS, 2001)		2.02
"Diphenhydramine (DPH) is a commonly reported overdose that shares similar toxicities with other agents. "( Physostigmine, sodium bicarbonate, or hypertonic saline to treat diphenhydramine toxicity.
Engebretsen, KM; Harris, CR; Holger, JS, 2002)		2
"Diphenhydramine is an adequate alternative of local anesthetics in patients with history of hypersensitivity to local anesthetics."( [Diphenhydramine is useful in a parturient with hypersensitivity to local anesthetics to manage her delivery].
Hiruta, M; Horikawa, Y; Kawakami, T; Mitsuhata, H; Saito, J; Seo, N, 2002)		1.95
"Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties that is frequently used both orally and topically for the temporary relief of pruritus. "( Diphenhydramine toxicity in three children with varicella-zoster infection.
Chan, CY; Wallander, KA, 1991)		3.17

Effects

Diphenhydramine has been in medical use for 35 years as an antihistamine and hypnotic. It has multiple modes of action (MOA) targeting the histamine H1, acetylcholine (ACh), and 5-HT reuptake transporter receptors. It is used in hundreds of pharmaceutical formulations.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Diphenhydramine (DPH) has been broadly used to treat allergy. "( Voltage-dependent modulation of TRPA1 currents by diphenhydramine.
Jian, Z; Lin, Y; Shen, X; Sreekrishna, K; Tian, J; Wang, Q; Zhu, MX, 2020)		2.25
"Diphenhydramine has not been previously identified as a medication likely to form a pharmacobezoar and has not been shown to be radiopaque."( Adolescent with prolonged toxidrome.
Banner, W; Johnson, J; Williams, K, 2017)		1.18
"Diphenhydramine (DPH) has been used with ibuprofen (IBU) or naproxen (NAP) in combined therapies to provide better clinical efficacy as an analgesic and sleep aid. "( Preparation, Characterization, and Formulation Development of Drug-Drug Protic Ionic Liquids of Diphenhydramine with Ibuprofen and Naproxen.
Chopade, SA; Early, JT; Guo, Y; Hillmyer, MA; Lodge, TP; Sun, CC; Tang, B; Wang, C; Wang, E, 2018)		2.14
"Diphenhydramine has multiple modes of action (MOA) targeting the histamine H1, acetylcholine (ACh), and 5-HT reuptake transporter receptors, and as such is used in hundreds of pharmaceutical formulations."( Effects of the antihistamine diphenhydramine on selected aquatic organisms.
Berninger, JP; Brooks, BW; Chambliss, CK; Connors, KA; Du, B; Eytcheson, SA; Kolkmeier, MA; Prosser, KN; Valenti, TW, 2011)		1.38
"Diphenhydramine also has sodium channel-blocking properties, and this can be shown in the form of prolonged QRS and a terminal R wave in aVR."( Wide complex tachycardia in a pediatric diphenhydramine overdose treated with sodium bicarbonate.
Cole, JB; Gross, EA; Smith, SW; Stellpflug, SJ, 2011)		1.36
"Diphenhydramine has local anaesthetic and antimicrobial activity and may be used to prevent intravenous propofol injection pain. "( The preventive effect of diphenhydramine on bacterial growth in propofol: a laboratory study.
Apiliogullari, B; Apiliogullari, S; Balasar, M; Duman, A; Güzelant, A; Kara, I; Turhan, V; Yilmaz, H, 2008)		2.09
"Diphenhydramine has shown to be useful in treating acute extrapyramidal disturbances when used intravenously followed by oral administration."( [Acute-onset extrapyramidal syndromes caused by drugs].
Baca Rodríguez, LC; Hernández Zamora, A; Juárez Aragón, G; López Martín, G; Montoya Cabrera, MA; Porcayo Vergara, F, )		0.85
"Diphenhydramine has been in medical use for 35 years as an antihistamine and hypnotic. "( Quantitative determination of diphenhydramine and orphenadrine in human serum by capillary gas chromatography.
Gielsdorf, W; Jaeger, H; Lutz, D, 1983)		2
"Diphenhydramine has been suggested as an alternative local anesthetic agent for patients claiming allergy to local anesthetics. "( Local anesthetic efficacy for oral surgery: Comparison of diphenhydramine and prilocaine.
Guler, N; Sumer, M; Uckan, S; Ungor, M, 1998)		1.99

Actions

Diphenhydramine did not cause clinically appreciable sedation in healthy dogs. DiphenHydramine may produce transient fetal tachycardia as well as increased maternal uterine activity.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Diphenhydramine may produce transient fetal tachycardia as well as increased maternal uterine activity."( Transient Fetal Tachycardia After Intravenous Diphenhydramine Administration.
Abernathy, A; Alsina, L; Egerman, R; Greer, J, 2017)		2.16
"Diphenhydramine overdose may cause status epilepticus and wide-complex tachycardia. "( Status epilepticus and wide-complex tachycardia secondary to diphenhydramine overdose.
Duque, D; Hoffman, RS; Jang, DH; Manini, AF; Nelson, LS; Nestor, NB; Trueger, NS, 2010)		2.04
"Diphenhydramine did not cause clinically appreciable sedation in healthy dogs. "( Evaluation of diphenhydramine as a sedative for dogs.
Egger, CM; Hofmeister, EH, 2005)		2.13
"Diphenhydramine appears to cause mild inhibition of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 enzyme."( Paradoxical excitation on diphenhydramine may be associated with being a CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer: three case reports.
de Leon, J; Nikoloff, DM, 2008)		1.37
"Diphenhydramine was used because of its possible antiemetic properties and its ability to control acute dystonic reactions."( Improved control of cisplatin-induced emesis with high-dose metoclopramide and with combinations of metoclopramide, dexamethasone, and diphenhydramine. Results of consecutive trials in 255 patients.
Bosl, GJ; Clark, RA; Gralla, RJ; Groshen, S; Kalman, LA; Kelsen, DP; Kris, MG; Reilly, LK; Tyson, LB, 1985)		1.19

Treatment

Pretreatment with diphenhydramine (5 x 10(-7) on aortic rings from 12 and 52-week age matched rats resulted in qualitatively similar histamine dose-response curves that were displaced about two orders of magnitude to the right. DiphenHydramine treatment also reduced the severity of CRBD at 6 h postoperatively.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Diphenhydramine treatment also reduced the severity of CRBD at 6 h postoperatively (p = 0.01)."( Prophylactic diphenhydramine attenuates postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery: a randomized double-blind clinical study.
Chen, JY; Chu, CC; Feng, PH; Hsing, CH; Li, YY; Wang, JJ; Wang, KF; Wu, WJ; Zeng, YS, 2020)		1.65
"Diphenhydramine is often the treatment of choice for acute urticarial or allergic reactions despite its adverse effects of sedation and impairment. "( Time-dependent inhibition of histamine-induced cutaneous responses by oral and intramuscular diphenhydramine and oral fexofenadine.
Casale, TB; Jones, DH; Romero, FA, 2008)		2.01
"Diphenhydramine pretreatment (100 mumol/kg i.v.) did not antagonize the hypotensive effect of cimetidine."( Peripheral hypotensive and central hypertensive effects of cimetidine.
Karppanen, H; Kupari, M; Paakkari, I; Paakkari, P; Tötterman, KJ, 1982)		0.99
"Diphenhydramine treatment alone partially inhibited the histologic intensity of LPR in a dose-dependent manner."( The biologic activity of mast cell granules. V. The effects of antihistamine treatment on rat cutaneous early- and late-phase allergic reactions.
Barr, L; Guthman, DA; Kaliner, M; Lemanske, RF, 1983)		0.99
"Diphenhydramine pretreatment inhibited fragment D-enhanced aggregation, ATP release and prostaglandin (thromboxane) synthesis."( The role of platelet aggregation and release in fragment D-induced pulmonary dysfunction.
Curreri, PW; Manwaring, D, 1980)		0.98
"Diphenhydramine treatment after development of the contraction did not relax the airway tissue."( In vitro studies of antigen-induced bronchospasm: effect of antihistamine and SRS-A antagonist on response of sensitized guinea pig and human airways to antigen.
Adams, GK; Lichtenstein, L, 1979)		0.98
"Oral diphenhydramine treatment at doses which significantly reduced maternal food consumption had no effect on milk solid, lipid, protein, or lactose concentrations, nor on mammary gland RNA or DNA content, indicating that diphenhydramine did not adversely affect lactation."( Determination of diphenhydramine in rat milk and plasma and its effects on milk composition and mammary gland nucleic acids.
Dostal, LA; Schwetz, BA, 1989)		1.07
"Treatment with diphenhydramine did not reduce the incidence of akathisia compared to treatment with placebo (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.43-1.61, I"( Adjuvant anticholinergic therapy for the prevention of akathisia in patients with primary headache in the emergency department: A systematic review.
Campbell, S; Kirkland, SW; Meyer, J; Rowe, BH; Villa-Roel, C, 2023)		1.25
"Pretreatment with diphenhydramine (1 microM) markedly decreased antigen-challenged vasoconstriction."( Involvement of CGRP in the inhibitory effect of rutaecarpine on vasoconstriction induced by anaphylaxis in guinea pig.
Deng, PY; Hu, CP; Li, YJ; Tan, GS; Xu, KP; Yu, J, 2005)		0.65
"Treatment with diphenhydramine significantly decreased the blood cTnI levels. "( Effect of diphenhydramine on myocardial injury caused by organophosphate poisoning.
Buyukokuroglu, M; Ciftci, IH; Saglam, H; Sahin, O; Yavuz, Y; Yurumez, Y, 2008)		1.1
"Treatment with diphenhydramine completely prevented the increases in lymph flow, lymph total protein concentration, total protein transport, weight and vasodilation produced by infusions of histamine, but not those produced by infusions of prostaglandin E1 or bradykinin."( Pharmacological modification of the edema produced by combined infusions of prostaglandin E1 and bradykinin in canine forelimbs.
Adamski, SW; Grega, GJ; Prasad, CM; Svensjö, E, 1982)		0.6
"Pretreatment with diphenhydramine/methysergide in compound 48/80-pretreated mice significantly further reduced the bradykinin- and substance P-induced plasma exudation if [Thi5,8,D-Phe7]bradykinin and [D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9]substance P were coinjected with bradykinin or substance P, respectively."( Inhibition of hind-paw edema and cutaneous vascular plasma extravasation in mice by acetylshikonin.
Chang, LC; Kuo, SC; Raung, SL; Wang, JP, 1995)		0.61
"Pretreatment with diphenhydramine or methysergide significantly reduced trimucase-induced paw swelling, while aspirin had no effect."( Comparison of kinin-forming and amidolytic activities of four trimucases, oedema-producing and kinin-releasing enzymes, from Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom.
Hsu, MF; Teng, CM; Wang, JP, 1992)		0.61
"Treatment with diphenhydramine alone produced similar results except that there was a gradual blood pressure decrease later in shock."( The effects of H1 and H2 histamine receptor antagonists on the development of endotoxemia in the conscious, unrestrained rat.
Brackett, DJ; Schaefer, CF; Wilson, MF, 1985)		0.61
"Treatment with diphenhydramine or isoproterenol completely inhibited the antigen-stimulated formation of venular FITC-D leakage sites and increases in [FITC-D]s."( Modulation of macromolecular permeability by immune-complexes and a beta-adrenoceptor stimulant.
Adamski, SW; Grega, GJ; Langone, JJ, 1987)		0.61
"Pretreatment with diphenhydramine (5 x 10(-7)) on aortic rings from 12 and 52-week age matched rats resulted in qualitatively similar histamine dose-response curves that were displaced about two orders of magnitude to the right, indicative of H1 receptor competitive antagonism."( Histamine relaxation of aortic rings from diabetic rats.
Chang, KS; Tanz, RD; Weller, TS, 1989)		0.6
"Pretreatment with diphenhydramine, BW-755C and kadsurenone (or alprazolam) improved survival to 64% (i.e., 7 of 11 animals) compared to a survival rate of 0% (i.e., 0 of 8 vehicle treated controls)."( Inhibition of the platelet activating factor mediated component of guinea pig anaphylaxis by receptor antagonists.
Darius, H; Lefer, AM; Smith, JB, 1986)		0.59

Toxicity

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is a commonly prescribed medicine in hospitalized patients, but its adverse effects on older patients remain unclear. Other agents commonly used at sea-level such as eszopiclone and diphenHydramine have not been studied at high altitude.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Pyridoxine is considered safe for use during pregnancy, but its efficacy in treating nausea and vomiting has not been determined."( Safety and efficacy of antiemetics used to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
Leathem, AM, 1986)		0.27
"The toxic effects of oral diphenhydramine are well documented and include central nervous system and anticholinergic symptomatology."( Topical diphenhydramine toxicity in a five year old with varicella.
Baldassano, RN; Woodward, GA, 1988)		1.01
" Before studying the efficacy of MCP as an antiemetic in children, we first had to establish the safe dose range."( Metoclopramide: dose-related toxicity and preliminary antiemetic studies in children receiving cancer chemotherapy.
Allen, JC; Gralla, R; Kellick, M; Reilly, L; Young, C, 1985)		0.27
"Infusion-related adverse events (IRAEs) such as nausea, vomiting, fever, chills, and thrombophlebitis that are associated with amphotericin B therapy often lead clinicians to prescribe a number of adjunctive pretreatment medications in an attempt to reduce the incidence and severity of these events."( Pretreatment regimens for adverse events related to infusion of amphotericin B.
Cleary, JD; Goodwin, SD; Grasela, TH; Taylor, JW; Walawander, CA, 1995)		0.29
" We report rhabdomyolysis as a rare adverse effect of diphenhydramine toxicity in a 29-year-old man who ingested an unknown quantity of an over-the-counter sleep preparation in a suicide attempt."( Rhabdomyolysis: a rare adverse effect of diphenhydramine overdose.
Caravati, EM; Emadian, SM; Herr, RD, 1996)		0.81
" The BAD pump was safe and effective in minimizing nausea and vomiting associated with HDC, and thus, eliminated the need for hospitalization for management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting."( Safety and efficacy of a continuous infusion, patient controlled anti-emetic pump to facilitate outpatient administration of high-dose chemotherapy.
Belt, R; Coon, J; Cord, M; Dix, S; Geller, R; Howard, S, 1999)		0.3
" One patient experienced a life-threatening adverse reaction within minutes of receiving the first dose."( Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: tolerability and toxicity.
Goram, AL; Richmond, PL, 2001)		0.31
"Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is a commonly prescribed medicine in hospitalized patients, but its adverse effects on older patients remain unclear."( Cognitive and other adverse effects of diphenhydramine use in hospitalized older patients.
Agostini, JV; Inouye, SK; Leo-Summers, LS, 2001)		2.02
" A dose-response relationship was demonstrated for most adverse outcomes."( Cognitive and other adverse effects of diphenhydramine use in hospitalized older patients.
Agostini, JV; Inouye, SK; Leo-Summers, LS, 2001)		0.58
"Diphenhydramine administration in older hospitalized patients is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and other adverse effects with a dose-response relationship."( Cognitive and other adverse effects of diphenhydramine use in hospitalized older patients.
Agostini, JV; Inouye, SK; Leo-Summers, LS, 2001)		2.02
" Although physostigmine is considered an acceptable antidote for severe DPH toxicity, adverse effects such as seizures and cholinergic crisis may occur."( Physostigmine, sodium bicarbonate, or hypertonic saline to treat diphenhydramine toxicity.
Engebretsen, KM; Harris, CR; Holger, JS, 2002)		0.55
" Adverse events with grade 3 or above hematologic toxicity were oligochromemia (M: 24."( [Paclitaxel plus carboplatin in ovarian cancer-comparison of adverse effects between monthly and weekly administration].
Fujii, T; Komatsu, M; Kumagai, M; Kusuda, T; Naitou, H; Shinkou, S; Takehara, K, 2004)		0.32
" Emetic episodes, doses of rescue medications to treat breakthrough nausea or vomiting, and occurrence of adverse events were recorded."( Safety and efficacy of a continuous infusion, patient-controlled antiemetic pump for children receiving emetogenic chemotherapy.
Cartwright, J; Frangoul, H; Ho, RH; Jones, E; Koyama, T; Kuttesch, J; Shankar, S; Whitlock, JA, 2007)		0.34
"Antihistamines have traditionally been regarded as safe over the counter sedative-hypnotics."( Rare complications of diphenhydramine toxicity.
Ramachandran, K; Sirop, P, 2008)		0.66
" Other agents commonly used at sea-level such as eszopiclone and diphenhydramine have not been studied at high altitude but are likely safe to use given their mechanism of action and known side effects."( Which medications are safe and effective for improving sleep at high altitude?
Luks, AM, 2008)		0.58
"The FDA's adverse event reporting system, AERS, with optimized data mining tools is useful to authorize potential associations between platinum agents and hypersensitivity reactions."( Platinum agent-induced hypersensitivity reactions: data mining of the public version of the FDA adverse event reporting system, AERS.
Kadoyama, K; Niijima, S; Okuno, Y; Sakaeda, T; Seki, K; Shiraishi, Y; Yabuuchi, H, 2011)		0.37
"57% of patients having complications (52 patients having 60 adverse events)."( Safety of intravenous sedation administered by the operating oral surgeon: the second 7 years of office practice.
Rodgers, MS; Rodgers, SF, 2011)		0.37
"Metoclopramide is commonly used to treat vomiting caused by seasickness and acute gastroenteritis on cruise ships and serious adverse effects have not been reported from use at sea."( Long-lasting adverse effects after short-term low-dose treatment with metoclopramide for vomiting.
Dahl, E; Diskin, AL, 2014)		0.4
" A variety of adverse events (AEs) of varying severity have been noted during HPC infusions."( Infusion technique of hematopoietic progenitor cells and related adverse events (CME).
Bryant, SC; Gastineau, DA; Greiner, CW; Hogan, WJ; Jacob, EK; Lingineni, RK; Mohr, A; Mulay, SB; Padley, D, 2014)		0.4
"Many adverse drug reactions are caused by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent activation of drugs into reactive metabolites."( Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
Jones, LH; Nadanaciva, S; Rana, P; Will, Y, 2016)		0.43
" The aim of this study is to provide objective data concerning the safe use of subcutaneous diphenhydramine, as part of our efforts to improve upon safe practices in our organization."( Safe Use of Subcutaneous Diphenhydramine in the Inpatient Hospice Unit.
Chen, A; Cooney, GA; Gonzalez, F; Hickey, T; Levene, R; Loquias, EJ; Roshan, R; Zelhof, R, 2017)		0.98
" None of the patients were reported to have an adverse cutaneous reaction."( Safe Use of Subcutaneous Diphenhydramine in the Inpatient Hospice Unit.
Chen, A; Cooney, GA; Gonzalez, F; Hickey, T; Levene, R; Loquias, EJ; Roshan, R; Zelhof, R, 2017)		0.76
"This retrospective review demonstrates that subcutaneous diphenhydramine injection is a safe alternative to oral and other parenteral routes, and may be particularly valuable in terminally ill patients, who are often unable to swallow and are without IV access."( Safe Use of Subcutaneous Diphenhydramine in the Inpatient Hospice Unit.
Chen, A; Cooney, GA; Gonzalez, F; Hickey, T; Levene, R; Loquias, EJ; Roshan, R; Zelhof, R, 2017)		1
"Though uncommon, medical emergencies in the dental office are harrowing occurrences that can be the result of adverse drug reactions."( Pharmacological Reversal Agents in Dental Practice: Keys to Patient Safety.
Donaldson, M; Goodchild, JH, )		0.13
"We selected adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports on H1-antihistamines in children (0-16 years) up to June 2014 from VigiBase."( Safety profile of H1-antihistamines in pediatrics: an analysis based on data from VigiBase.
Biagi, C; Calamelli, E; Cipriani, F; Donati, M; Melis, M; Monaco, L; Motola, D; Ricci, G; Vaccheri, A, 2017)		0.46
" Sediment elutriate exposures were undertaken with Ceriodaphnia dubia to compare the toxic effects of diphenhydramine in the presence and absence of sediment and multi-walled carbon nanotubes."( Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Reduce Toxicity of Diphenhydramine to Ceriodaphnia dubia in Water and Sediment Exposures.
Black, MC; Myer, MH, 2017)		0.92
"Previous research has demonstrated that accidental unsupervised ingestions (AUIs) were responsible for the majority of cough and cold medication (CCM) ingestions leading to significant adverse events (AEs) in children."( Adverse Events Related to Accidental Unintentional Ingestions From Cough and Cold Medications in Children.
Banner, W; Bond, GR; Dart, RC; Green, JL; Kauffman, RE; Palmer, RB; Paul, IM; Rapp-Olsson, M; Reynolds, KM; Wang, GS, 2022)		0.72
"Initial research following regulatory changes addressing the pediatric safety of cough and cold medications (CCMs) demonstrated decreases in adverse events (AEs)."( Trends in adverse events and related health-care facility utilization from cough and cold medication exposures in children.
Banner, W; Bond, GR; Dart, RC; Green, JL; Kauffman, RE; Palmer, RB; Paul, IM; Rapp-Olsson, M; Reynolds, KM; Wang, GS, 2021)		0.62
", migraines) in the emergency department, but can cause serious adverse effects."( Prophylactic Administration of Diphenhydramine to Reduce Neuroleptic Side Effects in the Acute Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Alain, J; Berthelot, S; Mokhtari, A; Yip, O, 2021)		0.91
"We performed a systematic review to determine whether prophylactic administration of diphenhydramine reduces the incidence of neuroleptic adverse effects in patients with acute conditions."( Prophylactic Administration of Diphenhydramine to Reduce Neuroleptic Side Effects in the Acute Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Alain, J; Berthelot, S; Mokhtari, A; Yip, O, 2021)		1.13
" Primary outcome was incidence of any extrapyramidal adverse effect."( Prophylactic Administration of Diphenhydramine to Reduce Neuroleptic Side Effects in the Acute Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Alain, J; Berthelot, S; Mokhtari, A; Yip, O, 2021)		0.91
" Four studies were specifically designed to compare the incidence of neuroleptic adverse effects with and without co-administration of diphenhydramine."( Prophylactic Administration of Diphenhydramine to Reduce Neuroleptic Side Effects in the Acute Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Alain, J; Berthelot, S; Mokhtari, A; Yip, O, 2021)		1.11
"When compared with placebo, diphenhydramine was associated with a significant reduction of extrapyramidal adverse effects."( Prophylactic Administration of Diphenhydramine to Reduce Neuroleptic Side Effects in the Acute Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Alain, J; Berthelot, S; Mokhtari, A; Yip, O, 2021)		1.2
" Here, based on a repositioning analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System, we found that a previously developed drug, diphenhydramine, may provide a novel treatment for cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity."( Diphenhydramine may be a preventive medicine against cisplatin-induced kidney toxicity.
Aihara, KI; Chuma, M; Fujino, H; Fukushima, K; Goda, M; Hamano, H; Horinouchi, Y; Ikeda, Y; Imanishi, M; Ishizawa, K; Izawa-Ishizawa, Y; Kishi, S; Miyamoto, L; Niimura, T; Takechi, K; Tamaki, T; Tsuchiya, K; Yamashita, M; Zamami, Y, 2021)		2.26
"This is an analysis of the multi-center ToxIC registry (2010-2016)."( Clinical and patient characteristics associated with severe outcome in diphenhydramine toxicity.
Hendrickson, RG; Hughes, AR; Lin, A, 2021)		0.85
" The adverse effects of the compound on rats and beagle dogs mainly included anorexia and liver function impairment."( Evaluation of subchronic toxicity of the compound of diphenhydramine hydrochloride and caffeine after 28 days of repeated oral administration in Sprague-Dawley rats and beagle dogs.
Chen, J; Chen, Y; Dai, X; Gao, F; Geng, B; Gu, J; Li, J; Mao, J; Ren, L; Shi, W; Tian, Y; Wang, H; Yan, L; Zhang, J; Zhang, T; Zhang, X; Zhu, J, 2023)		1.16
"Injectable diphenhydramine appears to be a safe and effective local anaesthetic alternative in patients with "-caine" class contraindications undergoing radiology procedures."( Safety and technical success of diphenhydramine as an alternative local anaesthetic agent for radiology procedures.
Brinkman, NJ; Hesley, GK; Moynagh, MR; Parvinian, A; Schmitz, JJ; Wagle, S; Xiao, L, 2023)		1.58
" In a safety assessment, the highest incidence of adverse events (48."( [Comparative study of the clinical efficacy and safety of the fixed dose combination Levroso Long with Melaxen and Diphenhydramine in patients with insomnia].
Leykin, ZN; Popova, VB, 2023)		1.12

Pharmacokinetics

Oral absorption of diphenhydramine was approximately three times greater with a longer half-life when it was administered as the combination product dimenhydrinate.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The initial distribution half-life increased from 5 to 9 min and the elimination half-life from 34 to 68 min as the dose was increased."( Pharmacokinetics of diphenhydramine after dose ranging in nonpregnant ewes.
Axelson, JE; Kwan, E; Rurak, DW; Yoo, SD, 1990)		0.6
" The mean serum elimination half-life values for diphenhydramine differed significantly in elderly adults, young adults, and children, with values of 13."( Diphenhydramine: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in elderly adults, young adults, and children.
Chen, XY; Martin, TJ; Simons, FE; Simons, KJ; Watson, WT, 1990)		1.98
"This article reviews clinical pharmacokinetic data on the H1-receptor antagonists, commonly referred to as the antihistamines."( Clinical pharmacokinetics of H1-receptor antagonists (the antihistamines).
Paton, DM; Webster, DR, )		0.13
"By the presented study the relative bioavailabilities and some important pharmacokinetic parameters should be evaluated after oral application of a single-dose of three different diphenhydramine (DPH, 2-diphenylmethoxy-N,N-dimethylethylamine)preparations in a randomized, cross-over design to 12 healthy volunteers."( [Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of diphenhydramine in man].
Gielsdorf, W; Graf, F; Lutz, D; Pabst, G, 1986)		0.73
" Her elimination half-life for desipramine was found to be greatly prolonged, at approximately 150 hours."( Idiosyncratic pharmacokinetics complicating treatment of major depression in an elderly woman.
Dugas, JE; Glassman, JN; Loyd, DW; Tsuang, MT, 1985)		0.27
"A highly sensitive method (less than or equal to 1 ng/ml) for single-dose pharmacokinetic studies of diphenhydramine which utilizes GLC with nitrogen-phosphorus detection is described."( Diphenhydramine determination in human plasma by gas-liquid chromatography using nitrogen-phosphorus detection: application to single low-dose pharmacokinetic studies.
Abernethy, DR; Greenblatt, DJ, 1983)		1.92
"The chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine terminal elimination half-life values and area under the curve values were significantly increased, and the systemic clearance rates were significantly decreased, during concomitant administration of cimetidine."( Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine in rabbits.
Chen, X; Fraser, TG; Simons, FE; Simons, KJ, 1996)		0.82
"Any enhanced peripheral H1-blockade observed could be attributed, at least in part, to a pharmacokinetic interaction."( Effect of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine in rabbits.
Chen, X; Fraser, TG; Simons, FE; Simons, KJ, 1996)		0.52
" Pharmacokinetic investigations have shown the drug to be highly bound to blood proteins, mainly serum albumin, and to have a low brain uptake, explaining its lack of sedative effects."( Molecular properties and pharmacokinetic behavior of cetirizine, a zwitterionic H1-receptor antagonist.
Carrupt, PA; Jolliet, P; Morin, C; Morin, D; Pagliara, A; Rihoux, JP; Testa, B; Tillement, JP; Urien, S, 1998)		0.3
" This dose of diphenhydramine produces essentially undetectable pharmacodynamic effects in both the young and elderly."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diphenhydramine 25 mg in young and elderly volunteers.
Engelhardt, N; Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Scavone, JM; Shader, RI, 1998)		0.93
"The present study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PD) of paclitaxel between Phase I trials of 3- and 24-h infusions and to determine the most informative pharmacokinetic parameter to describe the PD."( Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paclitaxel: a 3-hour infusion versus a 24-hour infusion.
Miyata, Y; Nakanomyo, H; Nishiwaki, Y; Ohtsu, T; Saijo, N; Sasaki, Y; Tamura, T, 1995)		0.29
"The potential for a pharmacokinetic interaction between naproxen and diphenhydramine was examined in a randomized three-way crossover design with a 1-week washout between dosing."( Absence of pharmacokinetic interaction between orally co-administered naproxen sodium and diphenhydramine hydrochloride.
Barker, SH; Gillen, MV; Helsinger, SA; Hunt, TL; Kindberg, CG; Powell, JH; Toothaker, RD, 2000)		0.76
"This pharmacokinetic study evaluated diphenhydramine in the plasma of healthy volunteers after a single 25 mg oral dose of dimenhydrinate (diphenhydramine theophyllinate), corresponding to 12."( Pharmacokinetics of diphenhydramine in healthy volunteers with a dimenhydrinate 25 mg chewing gum formulation.
Dragoni, S; Frosini, M; Fusi, F; Sgaragli, G; Valoti, M, 2003)		0.92
" A comparison is also presented between several methods based on animal pharmacokinetic data, using the same set of proprietary compounds, and it lends further support for the use of this method, as opposed to methods that require the gathering of pharmacokinetic data in laboratory animals."( Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics.
Gao, F; Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Shalaeva, MY, 2004)		0.32
" Serum APAP concentrations (APAPs) were measured hourly from zero through eight hours and again at 24 hours, and basic noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were compared."( Pharmacokinetic effects of diphenhydramine or oxycodone in simulated acetaminophen overdose.
Goklaney, A; Halcomb, SE; Mullins, ME; Sivilotti, ML, 2005)		0.63
" Furthermore, the over-the-counter antihistamine diphenhydramine inhibited the metabolism of the CYP2D6 substrate metoprolol in healthy, young men with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences."( Modulation of metoprolol pharmacokinetics and hemodynamics by diphenhydramine coadministration during exercise testing in healthy premenopausal women.
Arsenault, M; Bélanger, PM; Dumesnil, JG; Hamelin, BA; Meibohm, B; Pibarot, P; Pilote, S; Sharma, A, 2005)		0.82
" The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of the QAAMC in beagle dogs."( Development and validation of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous determination of D-amphetamine and diphenhydramine in beagle dog plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.
Chen, Y; Fan, G; Lin, M; Wang, C; Wu, Y; Zhao, W, 2007)		0.54
" pharmacokinetic data on 670 drugs representing, to our knowledge, the largest publicly available set of human clinical pharmacokinetic data."( Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ, 2008)		0.35
" The most promising compounds of this study show enhanced IC 50 values in the low nanomolar range, a high selectivity toward 17beta-HSD2, a low binding affinity to ERalpha, a good metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes, and a reasonable pharmacokinetic profile after peroral application."( Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and pharmacokinetics of bis(hydroxyphenyl) substituted azoles, thiophenes, benzenes, and aza-benzenes as potent and selective nonsteroidal inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1).
Al-Soud, YA; Bey, E; Birk, B; Frotscher, M; Hartmann, RW; Kruchten, P; Marchais-Oberwinkler, S; Negri, M; Oster, A; Werth, R, 2008)		0.35
"A sensitive, rapid and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of domperidone in human plasma."( Development and validation of UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of domperidone in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic application.
Jing, L; Li, F; Qin, F; Wang, X; Xiong, Z; Zhu, Q, 2013)		0.39
" The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in humans."( Determination of tamsulosin in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.
Bae, JW; Byeon, JY; Choi, CI; Jang, CG; Lee, HI; Lee, SY; Lee, YJ, 2012)		0.38
" The results demonstrated that the present LC-MS/MS method was sensitive enough for pharmacokinetic study of stachydrine and leonurine following oral administration of Herba Leonuri extract."( Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of stachydrine and leonurine in rat plasma after oral administration of Herba Leonuri extract by LC-MS/MS.
Li, B; Li, X; Wu, J, 2013)		0.39
" Finally this validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in dogs and monkeys after oral administration of 10 mg/kg AST."( A novel HPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of astemizole and its major metabolite in dog or monkey plasma and application to pharmacokinetics.
Back, HM; Chae, JW; Kwon, KI; Lee, JH; Seo, JW; Song, B; Yun, HY, 2015)		0.42
" Plasma concentrations of DPH were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed with the commercially available software."( The pharmacokinetics of DPH after the administration of a single intravenous or intramuscular dose in healthy dogs.
Gu, Y; Hanna, B; Johnson, R; Mosley, C; Mutsaers, AJ; Sanchez, A; Sinclair, M; Singh, A; Valverde, A, 2016)		0.43
" To validate the pharmacodynamic biomarkers for GABA-ergic anxiolytics, this study determined the pharmacodynamics of two anxiolytics and a nonanxiolytic control, and linked them to their anxiolytic and sedative effects, during an anxiety-challenge study day."( Pharmacodynamic response profiles of anxiolytic and sedative drugs.
Baas, J; Broeyer, F; Chen, X; Cohen, A; de Kam, M; van Gerven, J, 2017)		0.46
" Thus, the potential influence of anxiety on CNS pharmacodynamic markers could be examined."( Pharmacodynamic response profiles of anxiolytic and sedative drugs.
Baas, J; Broeyer, F; Chen, X; Cohen, A; de Kam, M; van Gerven, J, 2017)		0.46
"To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of diphenhydramine in dogs after intravenous (1 mg/kg) and oral (5 mg/kg) administration, and when given orally as dimenhydrinate at a dose of 10 mg/kg (≈5 mg/kg diphenhydramine)."( Diphenhydramine pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of diphenhydramine and oral administration of dimenhydrinate to healthy dogs, and pharmacodynamic effect on histamine-induced wheal formation: a pilot study.
Bäumer, W; Ehling, S; Papich, MG, 2019)		2.19
"Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis of diphenhydramine and chlorotheophylline at defined intervals."( Diphenhydramine pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of diphenhydramine and oral administration of dimenhydrinate to healthy dogs, and pharmacodynamic effect on histamine-induced wheal formation: a pilot study.
Bäumer, W; Ehling, S; Papich, MG, 2019)		2.2
"Oral absorption of diphenhydramine was approximately three times greater with a longer half-life when it was administered as the combination product dimenhydrinate."( Diphenhydramine pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of diphenhydramine and oral administration of dimenhydrinate to healthy dogs, and pharmacodynamic effect on histamine-induced wheal formation: a pilot study.
Bäumer, W; Ehling, S; Papich, MG, 2019)		2.29
"This work provides case studies for the pharmacokinetic (PK) analog approach, where a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for a target chemical (has no PK data) is evaluated using PK data from a source chemical (has existing PK data)."( Application of structural and functional pharmacokinetic analogs for physiologically based pharmacokinetic model development and evaluation.
Ellison, CA; Wu, S, 2020)		0.56
" However, its pharmacokinetic characteristics in vivo are still unclear."( UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Quantifying Fangchinoline, Tetrandrine and Calycosin-7-O-β-D-Glucoside of Fangji Huangqi Decoction in Rat Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study.
Chang, S; Feng, B; Guan, J; Ji, Y; Sang, Y; Wang, L; Zhang, T; Zhu, H, 2022)		0.72

Compound-Compound Interactions

The effects of single oral doses of terfenadine, diphenhydramine and placebo, alone or in combination with diazepam or alcohol, on psychomotor performance and subjective feelings were evaluated in a double-blind, crossover study in 20 normal male volunteers. The H1 blockers, including an ethylenediamine (pyrilamine) and a phenothiazine (methdilazine), all produced antinociception when given alone to mice.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The effects of single oral doses of terfenadine, diphenhydramine and placebo, alone or in combination with diazepam or alcohol, on psychomotor performance and subjective feelings were evaluated in a double-blind, crossover study in 20 normal male volunteers."( Effects of terfenadine and diphenhydramine alone or in combination with diazepam or alcohol on psychomotor performance and subjective feelings.
Hüther, KJ; Koch-Weser, J; Lundt, PV; Moser, L, 1978)		0.81
" We have, therefore, carried out a multicenter, double-blind randomized trial comparing a combination of high-dose metoclopramide (MTC) (1 mg/kg x 4) and methylprednisolone (P) (treatment A) with a shorter but higher single-dose schedule of metoclopramide (3 mg/kg x 2) combined with dexamethasone (DEX) and diphenhydramine (DIP) to prevent extrapyramidal reactions (treatment B)."( Protection from nausea and vomiting in cisplatin-treated patients: high-dose metoclopramide combined with methylprednisolone versus metoclopramide combined with dexamethasone and diphenhydramine: a study of the Italian Oncology Group for Clinical Research
Basurto, C; Bracarda, S; Di Costanzo, F; Donati, D; Malacarne, P; Monici, L; Patoia, L; Picciafuoco, M; Roila, F; Tonato, M, 1989)		0.64
" A high degree of synergism was observed in vitro when Pz was used in combination with methdilazine and bromodiphenhydramine."( Drug interaction of promethazine & other non-conventional antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents.
Acharya, DP; Chakrabarty, AN; Dastidar, SG; Neogi, D, 1989)		0.49
" The H1 blockers, including an ethylenediamine (pyrilamine), an ethanolamine (diphenhydramine), a phenothiazine (methdilazine), a piperazine (cyclizine) and an alkylamine (chlorpheniramine), all produced antinociception when given alone to mice and also caused potentiation when combined with morphine."( Effect of H1 blockers alone and in combination with morphine to produce antinociception in mice.
Hanig, JP; Hui, FW; Sun, CL, 1985)		0.5
"Two studies were performed to measure the effects of acrivastine (BW825C), an antihistamine, in combination with alcohol on the central nervous system."( The effects of acrivastine (BW825C), diphenhydramine and terfenadine in combination with alcohol on human CNS performance.
Cohen, AF; Hamilton, MJ; Peck, AW, 1987)		0.55
" Within the frames of synergoantagonism interplay, the drug combination produced on some of the reactions an effect which was similar to that exerted by one of the components."( [Characteristics of the effect of drug combinations on the development of immediate hypersensitivity].
Chetverikov, GN, )		0.13
" A study undertaken in dogs has also been made of the pharmacokinetics of the major nitrated metabolite of PETN when the parent drug is administered with and without meprobamate and diphenhydramine."( A study of the plasma levels of pentaerythritol mononitrate following administration of pentaerythritol tetranitrate in combination with meprobamate and diphenhydramine.
Aylott, RI; Draffan, GH; Gilbert, JD; Sögtrop, HH, 1982)		0.65
" Possible explanations include atypical atomoxetine effect, excess atomoxetine or metabolites due to poor metabolizer status (CYP 2D6 polymorphism/deficiency), a drug-drug interaction leading to elevated drug levels or to excess synaptic norepinephrine or dopamine."( Dyskinesias associated with atomoxetine in combination with other psychoactive drugs.
Bond, GR; Garro, AC; Gilbert, DL, 2007)		0.34

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The bioavailability of meprobamate administered rectally to human volunteers as the marketed preparations DoloVisano Suppositories and Dolo-Visano Suppositories sine codeino, is similar to that observed following oral administration."( The pharmacokinetics of meprobamate following its oral and rectal administration as a series of combinations with diphenhydramine, acetylsalicylic acid, codeine and pentaerythritol tetranitrate.
Aylott, RI; Draffan, GH; Gilbert, JD; Sögtrop, HH, 1984)		0.48
"5 in 8-10 h would ensure good bioavailability of the drug following oral administration."( Mechanism of drug release from an acrylic polymer-wax matrix tablet.
Fawzi, MB; Huang, HP; Mehta, SC; Radebaugh, GW, 1994)		0.29
"The quantitative structure-bioavailability relationship of 232 structurally diverse drugs was studied to evaluate the feasibility of constructing a predictive model for the human oral bioavailability of prospective new medicinal agents."( QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F, 2000)		0.31
" Because nicotine was postulated to be a beneficial component of tobacco smoke for ulcerative colitis, various formulations of nicotine have been developed to improve the local bioavailability within the gastrointestinal tissue."( Transport mechanisms of nicotine across the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2.
Fukada, A; Inui, K; Saito, H, 2002)		0.31
" Human oral bioavailability is an important pharmacokinetic property, which is directly related to the amount of drug available in the systemic circulation to exert pharmacological and therapeutic effects."( Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA, 2007)		0.34
" This validated method is a novel technique for sample preparation and quantitation, which was successfully applied to estimate the bioavailability of mangiferin."( Determination of mangiferin in rat plasma by liquid-liquid extraction with UPLC-MS/MS.
Chen, C; Han, D; Tang, X; Zhang, C; Zhang, Y, 2010)		0.36
" The aim of the present study was to examine the variability of bioavailability (F) of bisoprolol in routinely treated Japanese patients and intestinal absorption characteristics of the drug."( Variability of bioavailability and intestinal absorption characteristics of bisoprolol.
Fujii, N; Hashimoto, Y; Horie, A; Inoue, H; Ishida, K; Nishimura, M; Nozawa, T; Taguchi, M, 2013)		0.39
"Vemurafenib and dabrafenib are both orally bioavailable small molecule agents that block mitogen activated protein kinase signalling in patients with melanoma and BRAF(V600E) mutation."( Successful desensitization protocol for hypersensitivity reaction probably caused by dabrafenib in a patient with metastatic melanoma.
Abu-Amna, M; Bar-Sela, G; Hadad, S; Haim, N; Shahar, E, 2015)		0.42
" Multiwalled carbon nanotubes are known to have a high adsorptive capacity for organic contaminants, leading to potential uses in water remediation; however, there is concern that co-exposure with MWCNTs may alter the bioavailability of organic compounds."( Effects of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the bioavailability and toxicity of diphenhydramine to Pimephales promelas in sediment exposures.
Black, MC; Henderson, WM; Myer, MH, 2017)		0.68
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
" The choice of excipients depends on the concentration, manufacturability, stability, and bioavailability of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)."( On-Demand Manufacturing of Direct Compressible Tablets: Can Formulation Be Simplified?
Azad, MA; Brancazio, D; Eccles, ME; Grela, E; Hammersmith, G; Klee, DM; Myerson, AS; Osorio, JG; Rapp, K; Sloan, R; Wang, A, 2019)		0.51
" Bioavailability of intragastric diphenhydramine was less than one percent and six percent for 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg intragastric doses, respectively."( Pharmacokinetics of diphenhydramine following single-dose intravenous and oral administration in non-fasted adult horses.
Christensen, JM; Redmond, JS; Schlipf, JW; Stang, BV, 2022)		1.33

Dosage Studied

Diphenhydramine and dextromethorphan dosing errors were the most common cause of medication errors resulting from CCM use. Administration in older hospitalized patients is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and other adverse effects with a dose-response relationship.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" In vitro dose-response curves to gastrin I, CCK, and the octapeptide of CCK (OP) demonstrated that both CCK and OP were partial agonists on the LES muscle."( Mechanism of cholecystokinin inhibition of lower esophageal sphincter pressure.
Cohen, S; DiMarino, AJ; Fisher, RS, 1975)		0.25
" Intradermal histamine dose-response thresholds of pruritus were obtained before and after pretreatment with the three antihistamines and placebo in each subject."( Suppression of histamine-induced pruritus by three antihistaminic drugs.
Cohan, R; Leifer, KN; Rhoades, RB; Wittig, HJ, 1975)		0.25
"2 mg/m-3, while normal guinea pigs and pretreated guinea pigs that were dosed with an antihistamine immediately prior to exposure survived."( An evaluation of the inhalation toxicity of one commercial proteolytic enzyme preparation.
Groth, DH; Richards, DE; Scheel, LD, 1975)		0.25
" A positive dose-response relationship was obtained only for pentobarbital; neither dose of diphenhydramine was significantly different from 60 mg of pentobarbital for any response variable."( Hypnotic efficacy of diphenhydramine, methapyrilene, and pentobarbital.
Brown, BW; Brown, CR; Forrest, WH; James, KE; Mahler, DL; Teutsch, G, 1975)		0.79
" The dye leakage response to nasal capsaicin challenge was abolished by pretreatment with topical lidocaine, general substance P analogue, topical or general high dosage capsaicin."( Study on the dye leakage response of nasal mucosa following topical, capsaicin challenge in guinea pigs.
Asakura, K; Kataura, A; Kojima, T; Narita, S; Shirasaki, H, 1992)		0.28
" Regimen B, employing a lower dosage of metoclopramide and steroids and using a more simple schedule of administration should be the preferred treatment."( Antiemetic activity of two different high doses and schedules of metoclopramide in dacarbazine-treated cancer patients.
Basurto, C; Boschetti, E; Bracarda, S; Del Favero, A; Lupattelli, M; Picciafuoco, M; Roila, F; Sassi, M; Tonato, M, 1992)		0.28
" Histamine increased in a dose-dependent manner cellular cAMP content in L cells permanently transfected with this gene, and preincubation of the cells with the H2-selective antagonist cimetidine shifted the dose-response curve to the right."( Molecular cloning of a gene encoding the histamine H2 receptor.
Campbell, V; DelValle, J; Gantz, I; Logsdon, C; Schäffer, M; Uhler, M; Yamada, T, 1991)		0.28
" A combination of FPL55712 (leukotriene antagonist), diphenhydramine (histamine antagonist), and indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) shifted the dose-response curve of ET-1 to the right and suppressed the maximal constriction."( Multiple mechanisms of bronchoconstrictive responses to endothelin-1.
Hasegawa, S; Hirata, F; Ishii, Y; Ninomiya, H; Nomura, A; Ohse, H; Saotome, M; Uchida, Y, 1991)		0.53
"This report describes an unexpected adverse effect in three children receiving teniposide at 3-5 times the conventional dosage (i."( Somnolence, hypotension, and metabolic acidosis following high-dose teniposide treatment in children with leukemia.
Baker, DK; McLeod, HL; Pui, CH; Rodman, JH, 1991)		0.28
" In a separate group of ten patients whose previous reactions to RCM were life threatening (shock), pretreatment was accompanied by a provocative dosing regimen."( Comparison of three pretreatment protocols to prevent anaphylactoid reactions to radiocontrast media.
Lieberman, PL; Marshall, GD, 1991)		0.28
" Subjects were initially dosed with either a placebo vehicle or 25 mg diphenhydramine in a 10 ml formulation."( Antitussive effects of diphenhydramine on the citric acid aerosol-induced cough response in humans.
Ciccone, PE; Masurat, T; Packman, EW; Wilson, J, 1991)		0.83
" Diphenhydramine hydrochloride thus appears to be effective in the treatment of insomnia, but the appropriate dosage will depend on previous medical treatment of insomnia."( Clinical evaluation of diphenhydramine hydrochloride for the treatment of insomnia in psychiatric patients: a double-blind study.
Kudo, Y; Kurihara, M, 1990)		1.5
" Mean peak plasma concentrations after sublingual administration were slightly lower than after oral dosage (38."( Diphenhydramine kinetics following intravenous, oral, and sublingual dimenhydrinate administration.
Greenblatt, DJ; Harmatz, JS; Luna, BG; Scavone, JM; von Moltke, L, 1990)		1.72
" Dose-response curves were plotted from data obtained following exposure to histamine (10(-7)-10(-3)) and GTN (10(-9)-10(-7)) and compared to responses from age-matched untreated controls, diabetic and diabetic rats treated with insulin (2 U/day)."( Histamine relaxation of aortic rings from diabetic rats.
Chang, KS; Tanz, RD; Weller, TS, 1989)		0.28
" With increasing doses of histamine, a dose-response relationship was seen in the activity of RAR."( Action of histamine on the rapidly adapting airway receptors in the dog.
Kappagoda, CT; Ravi, K; Teo, KK, 1989)		0.28
"The present trial with high oral doses of metoclopramide was undertaken to (a) determine a well-tolerated dosage of oral metoclopramide; (b) measure the blood levels achieved with these oral doses; (c) determine the side effects of high doses; and (d) observe for antiemetic efficacy."( Dose-ranging antiemetic trial of high-dose oral metoclopramide.
Clark, RA; Gralla, RJ; Kris, MG; Tyson, LB; Young, CW, 1989)		0.28
" Dose-response relationships were obscured by a large variability in response of individual skins."( Effects of chloropyramine, dimethindene and diphenhydramine on transepithelial ion transport: studies in bovine tracheal epithelium and frog skin.
Durand, J; Durand-Arczynska, W; Schoenenweid, F, 1986)		0.53
" All three antihistaminics, at some dosage levels, slightly increased activity when given alone, but strongly enhanced morphine-induced hyperactivity."( Enhancement of morphine-induced hyperactivity by antihistaminic drugs in mice.
Castellano, C; D'Amato, FR; Sansone, M, 1986)		0.27
" All three antihistaminics, at some dosage levels, enhanced morphine-induced hyperactivity, but did not change or even reduce locomotor stimulation induced by amphetamine and scopolamine."( Antihistaminics enhance morphine-, but not amphetamine- and scopolamine-induced hyperactivity in mice.
D'Udine, B; Renzi, P; Sansone, M; Vetulani, J, 1987)		0.27
" H1-agonists (2-methylHi and 2-thiazolylethylamine) also depressed the avoidance response; their dose-response lines run parallel to that of Hi."( The effects of histamine and some related compounds on conditioned avoidance response in rats.
Akahori, H; Kamei, C; Kitazumi, K; Tasaka, K, 1985)		0.27
" Nonetheless, it would appear that if DPH is administered in the therapeutic dosage range at the intervals typically recommended for cold symptoms and allergies, it appears some aspects of human performance may be impaired."( Asynchronies of diphenhydramine plasma-performance relationships.
Barnett, G; Licko, V; Thompson, T, 1986)		0.62
"Four consecutive trials were undertaken to study lorazepam at each of three dosage levels and diphenhydramine when used in combination with iv metoclopramide and dexamethasone in patients receiving cisplatin at 120 mg/m2."( Consecutive dose-finding trials adding lorazepam to the combination of metoclopramide plus dexamethasone: improved subjective effectiveness over the combination of diphenhydramine plus metoclopramide plus dexamethasone.
Clark, RA; Fiore, JJ; Gralla, RJ; Groshen, S; Kelsen, DP; Kris, MG; Tyson, LB, 1985)		0.68
" Histamine at the peak of its dose-response curve, 3 x 10(-4)moles/liter, produced approximately a 300% increase in cyclic 3',5'-AMP accumulation in the guinea pig, 60% in the cat, and 90% in the human heart particles."( Activation of myocardial adenyl cyclase by histamine in guinea pig, cat, and human heart.
Klein, I; Levey, GS, 1971)		0.25
" In the isolated guinea pig ileum, the dose-response curve for histamine was shifted to the right by 10(-8) mol/l of diphenhydramine, clemastine or azelastine to the same degree."( Effects of azelastine hydrochloride, a new antiallergic drug, on the gastrointestinal tract.
Igarashi, T; Murakami, M; Shoji, T; Yamanaka, T, 1981)		0.47
" Both substance P and histamine produced sigmoid dose-response curves for the following parameters: 1 min and 5 min planimetrically measured areas of erythema, and mean diameter of weal."( Vascular responses of human skin to injection of substance P and mechanism of action.
Coutts, AA; Eady, RA; Greaves, MW; Jorizzo, JL, 1983)		0.27
" Simultaneous application of Hi and 10 micrograms of diphenhydramine, pyrilamine or promethazine, apparently causing no analgesic effect from a single administration, caused a parallel shift of the dose-response curve of Hi to the right."( Analgesic effect of histamine induced by intracerebral injection into mice.
Chung, YH; Kamei, C; Miyake, H; Tasaka, K, 1984)		0.52
" The H1-histamine antagonists, (+)-chloropheniramine and diphenhydramine, caused a parallel shift to the right of the splenic extract dose-response curve without suppression of the maximum response."( H1-histamine receptors may mediate the contractile response of guinea-pig ileum to 'histamine-free' splenic extracts.
Ainz, LF; Casis, E; de Gandarias, JM; Gil-Rodrigo, CE; Goiriena de Gandarias, JJ, 1983)		0.51
"The present work investigates (a) the modification by pretreatment with selective H1- and H2-receptor antagonists on the dose-response curves (DRC) to histamine for heart rate, blood pressure, renal arterial blood flow and renal vascular resistance in anesthetized dogs, and (b) the characteristics of the DRC to histamine in canine isolated renal artery."( Histamine H1- and H2-receptors in canine renal artery in vivo and in vitro.
Bedate, H; Esplugues, J; Moragues, A; Morcillo, E, 1981)		0.26
" Diphenhydramine administered at the dosage level used in therapeutic combination products did not alter the blood levels of methaqualone or its metabolite."( Methaqualone-diphenhydramine interaction study in humans.
Hindmarsh, KW; Korchinski, ED; Schneider, CB; Wallace, SM, 1983)		1.55
" The presence of specific H1 histamine receptors was further supported by shifts in the dose-response curve to histamine by four different concentrations of diphenhydramine."( Mechanisms of histamine stimulated secretion in rabbit ileal mucosa.
Higgs, NB; Linaker, BD; McKay, JS; Turnberg, LA, 1981)		0.46
" Assessments were made prior to dosing and at one, three, and five hours after dosing; a 7-hour post-drug assessment was included in the second trial."( Characterization of daytime sleepiness and psychomotor performance following H1 receptor antagonists.
Canestrari, DA; Miller, RD; Riker, DK; Witek, TJ; Yang, JY, 1995)		0.29
"05) and slower choice reaction times were noted one and three hours after dosing (P < ."( Characterization of daytime sleepiness and psychomotor performance following H1 receptor antagonists.
Canestrari, DA; Miller, RD; Riker, DK; Witek, TJ; Yang, JY, 1995)		0.29
" In healthy volunteers full dose-response curves were constructed by infusing histamine, before and after administration of an H1 or H2 antagonist or both antagonists, into dorsal hand veins preconstricted with the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine."( Histamine-induced venodilation in human beings involves both H1 and H2 receptor subtypes.
Bedarida, G; Blaschke, TF; Dachman, WD; Hoffman, BB, 1994)		0.29
" Since the dose-response relationship is not typical of a drug-receptor interaction, it appears unlikely that the leukotoxin is a direct agonist of H1 receptors."( Effects of Pasteurella haemolytica culture supernate on bovine tracheal smooth muscle.
Bélanger, A; Harris, WH; Yamashiro, S, 1993)		0.29
" 15 min before dichlorvos dosing significantly reduced the development of toxicity and increased 24-h survival rates to 87 and 100% respectively."( Prevention and treatment of dichlorvos-induced toxicosis in mice by diphenhydramine.
Faris, GA; Mohammad, FK, 1997)		0.53
" There were no differences between loratadine and placebo after the initial dose or steady-state (day 5) dosing for any measure of cognitive or psychomotor test performance, mood, or sedation."( Initial and steady-state effects of diphenhydramine and loratadine on sedation, cognition, mood, and psychomotor performance.
Berman, B; Harris, AG; Kay, GG; Mockoviak, SH; Morris, CE; Reeves, D; Starbuck, V; Sukenik, E, 1997)		0.57
" dosing was only 32."( Role of the liver and gut in systemic diphenhydramine clearance in adult nonpregnant sheep.
Kumar, S; Riggs, KW; Rurak, DW, 1999)		0.57
"5 hours after dosing were latency of the P300 event-related potential in which increased latency reflects a decreased rate of cognitive processing, visual analogue scale for subjective somnolence, and histamine skin tests for measurement of peripheral H1-blockade."( Central nervous system effects of H1-receptor antagonists in the elderly.
Fraser, TG; Maher, J; Pillay, N; Simons, FE; Simons, KJ, 1999)		0.3
" Methysergide counteracted the effect of thioperamide in the open-field test only at a high dosage (50 mg/kg)."( Combined action of thioperamide plus scopolamine, diphenhydramine, or methysergide on memory in mice.
Di Carlo, G; Ghi, P; Molinengo, L, 1999)		0.56
" infusion via an ambulatory infusion pump with patient-activated intermittent dosing (BAD pump) for prevention of acute and delayed nausea/vomiting in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) for peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) mobilization (MOB) or prior to autologous PBPC rescue."( Safety and efficacy of a continuous infusion, patient controlled anti-emetic pump to facilitate outpatient administration of high-dose chemotherapy.
Belt, R; Coon, J; Cord, M; Dix, S; Geller, R; Howard, S, 1999)		0.3
" Generally, the brain tumor responses were considered equivocal, because the characteristics of potential neurocarcinogenic agents (such as statistically significant increased incidences, decreased latency and/or survival, and demonstration of dose-response relationships) were not observed."( Examination of low-incidence brain tumor responses in F344 rats following chemical exposures in National Toxicology Program carcinogenicity studies.
Boorman, GA; Hailey, JR; Haseman, JK; Melnick, RL; Neal, J; Sills, RC, )		0.13
"The potential of liposomes as an intranasal dosage formulation for topical application was investigated in rats."( Usefulness of liposomes as an intranasal dosage formulation for topical drug application.
Iwanaga, K; Kakemi, M; Kimura, T; Matsumoto, S; Morimoto, K; Yamashita, S, 2000)		0.31
" It is particular noteworthy that this weekly dosing schedule resulted in almost negligible toxicities."( Treatment of recurrent Kaposi's sarcoma of an AIDS patient with weekly paclitaxel.
Chen, MY; Cheng, AL; Hsu, CH, )		0.13
" Toxicity management consisted of dosage reduction or treatment delay; treatment often was discontinued."( Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin: tolerability and toxicity.
Goram, AL; Richmond, PL, 2001)		0.31
" A dose-response relationship was demonstrated for most adverse outcomes."( Cognitive and other adverse effects of diphenhydramine use in hospitalized older patients.
Agostini, JV; Inouye, SK; Leo-Summers, LS, 2001)		0.58
"Diphenhydramine administration in older hospitalized patients is associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline and other adverse effects with a dose-response relationship."( Cognitive and other adverse effects of diphenhydramine use in hospitalized older patients.
Agostini, JV; Inouye, SK; Leo-Summers, LS, 2001)		2.02
" In the present study, we investigated the dose-response relationship of different antihistamines on the performance in a reaction-time task that has been developed for rats."( Dissociable effects of histamine H1 antagonists on reaction-time performance in rats.
Blokland, A; Ramaekers, J; Scholtissen, B; Vermeeren, A, )		0.13
" This occurs despite clinicians' attention to patient medical histories, aspiration of the local anesthetic syringe during injections, and minimizing the dosage of local anesthetic solutions."( Managing patients with local anesthetic complications using alternative methods.
Lu, DP, )		0.13
" On this dosing regimen, tolerance was complete by the end of 3 days of administration."( Tolerance to daytime sedative effects of H1 antihistamines.
Koshorek, G; Richardson, GS; Roehrs, TA; Rosenthal, L; Roth, T, 2002)		0.31
" The method was applied to the quantitation of the three components in a commercial dosage form."( Simultaneous determination of naphazoline, diphenhydramine and phenylephrine in nasal solutions by capillary electrophoresis.
Goicoechea, HC; Mantovani, VE; Marchesini, AF; Robles, JC; Williner, MR, 2003)		0.58
" When HSR was observed administration of paclitaxel was temporally stopped and before the re-challenge additional intravenous dosage of hydrocortisone (200-500 mg) and diphenhydramine (25 mg) was given."( [Paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma].
Emerich, J; Kobierski, J; Majdak, E; Mielcarek, P, 2002)		0.51
" Results reveal that DMH and DP have rewarding properties, although the molar equivalent dose-response curve for DP appeared to be further to the right than that for DMH."( Dimenhydrinate produces a conditioned place preference in rats.
Beninger, RJ; Halpert, AG; Olmstead, MC, 2003)		0.32
"Weekly dosing of paclitaxel has been demonstrated to be a well-tolerated, feasible and effective administration schedule."( Multicenter phase II trial of weekly paclitaxel for advanced or metastatic breast cancer: the Saitama Breast Cancer Clinical Study Group (SBCCSG-01).
Inoue, K; Kai, T; Koh, J; Mihara, H; Mochizuki, H; Okubo, K; Saito, T; Sato, K; Tabei, T, 2003)		0.32
"When compared at 2 and 24 hours, aggressive (20 mg dosed up to four times) IV metoclopramide and 6 mg of subcutaneous sumatriptan relieved migraine headache pain comparably."( A trial of metoclopramide vs sumatriptan for the emergency department treatment of migraines.
Bijur, PE; Corbo, J; Esses, D; Friedman, BW; Gallagher, EJ; Lipton, RB; Solorzano, C, 2005)		0.33
" Dosing and administration of topical agents in the treatment of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis in preschoolers were problematic."( Management of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis in young children.
Faden, H, 2006)		0.33
" The dosage was increased to 10 mg daily two weeks later."( Potential aripiprazole-mediated extrapyramidal symptoms in an adult with developmental disabilities.
Brahm, NC; Brown, RC; McElwain, DL, 2007)		0.34
" In addition to reassurance, pregabalin was prescribed for these myotonic symptoms at a dosage of 50 mg by mouth three times daily."( Successful amelioration of oxaliplatin-induced hyperexcitability syndrome with the antiepileptic pregabalin in a patient with pancreatic cancer.
Hashmi, S; Saif, MW, 2008)		0.35
" The risk of overdose, incorrect dosing and adverse events is increased in young children due to the greater number of colds they acquire each year."( Over-the-counter cough and cold medication use in young children.
Brewer, M; Ryan, T; Small, L, )		0.13
" This case suggests that individualized dosing of antidotal therapy may be needed for preparations of acetaminophen that result in delayed absorption or after massive overdose."( Development of hepatic failure despite use of intravenous acetylcysteine after a massive ingestion of acetaminophen and diphenhydramine.
Hayes, BD; Sarmiento, KF; Schwartz, EA, 2009)		0.56
"One study in sedated patients demonstrated a reduction in pain score but not midazolam dosage when warm water infusion was used to manage colonic spasm."( Pilot feasibility study of the method of water infusion without air insufflation in sedated colonoscopy.
Leung, FW; Leung, JW; Mann, S; Salera, R; Toomsen, L, 2009)		0.35
"Performances on VigTrack and MAT from 1 to 6 hours after dosing were not significantly different between L/M and placebo groups; in contrast, diphenhydramine resulted in significant impairment of tracking for up to 5 hours (P< or =0."( Effects of loratadine/montelukast on vigilance and alertness task performance in a simulated cabin environment.
Simons, M; Valk, PJ, 2009)		0.55
" An appropriate dosage of H(2)O(2) could hinder the occurrence of the direct photolysis."( Degradation of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous solution with UV and UV/H(2)O(2).
Hu, C; Hu, X; Qu, J; Yang, M; Yuan, F, 2009)		0.35
"The purpose of this study was to examine safety during the initial escalation day, buildup phase, and home dosing phase in subjects enrolled in a peanut OIT study."( Safety of a peanut oral immunotherapy protocol in children with peanut allergy.
Burks, AW; Hofmann, AM; Jones, SM; Kamilaris, J; Lokhnygina, Y; Palmer, KP; Scurlock, AM; Steele, PH, 2009)		0.35
" Additional studies are needed to determine a dose-response curve and to further evaluate corneal toxicity prior to use in humans."( Diphenhydramine as a topical ocular anesthetic.
Harper, RA; Landes, RD; Suffridge, PJ; Wiggins, MN, 2009)		1.8
" Previous dose-response studies have had conflicting results."( Diphenhydramine dose-response: a novel approach to determine triage thresholds.
Aleguas, A; Benson, BE; Borys, DJ; Farooqi, MF; Klein-Schwartz, W; Litovitz, T; Lung, D; Rutherfoord Rose, S; Seifert, SA; Sollee, DR; Webb, AN, 2010)		1.8
" In cases of massive acetaminophen overdose, standard acetylcysteine dosing may not be adequate."( Hepatic failure despite early acetylcysteine following large acetaminophen-diphenhydramine overdose.
Bagdure, D; Heard, K; Monte, A; Wang, GS, 2011)		0.6
"A novel, stability-indicating gradient reverse-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ibuprofen and diphenhydramine citrate in the presence of degradation products and process related impurities in combined dosage form."( Development and validation of an UPLC method for rapid determination of ibuprofen and diphenhydramine citrate in the presence of impurities in combined dosage form.
Mukkanti, K; Rao, DD; Sait, SS, 2011)		0.79
" We proposed a systematic classification scheme using FDA-approved drug labeling to assess the DILI potential of drugs, which yielded a benchmark dataset with 287 drugs representing a wide range of therapeutic categories and daily dosage amounts."( FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
Chen, M; Fang, H; Liu, Z; Shi, Q; Tong, W; Vijay, V, 2011)		0.37
" After rats were injected intrathecally with diphenhydramine and pheniramine, the dose-response curves were obtained."( Spinal anesthesia with diphenhydramine and pheniramine in rats.
Chen, YC; Chen, YW; Chu, CC; Hung, CH; Li, ZY; Wang, JJ, 2011)		0.94
" Except for benzodiazepines, which were dosed higher in women than men, equal doses of sedation were given to female and male patients."( Practice patterns of sedation for colonoscopy.
Childers, RE; Sonnenberg, A; Williams, JL, 2015)		0.42
" Our aim was to characterize dosing and timing of epinephrine, diphenhydramine, and albuterol in the pediatric patient with anaphylaxis."( Prehospital Administration of Epinephrine in Pediatric Anaphylaxis.
Barger, J; Carrillo, E; Hern, HG, 2016)		0.67
"Continuous diphenhydramine infusion can provide promising outcomes following the failure of intermittent antihistamine dosing in patients with severe mast cell activation syndrome."( Continuous diphenhydramine infusion and imatinib for KIT-D816V-negative mast cell activation syndrome: a case report.
Ali, N; Boigon, M; Fidler, C; Ghani, A; Hamid, M; Jafri, SIM; Malik, F, 2017)		1.23
" Utilizing a 90-day BUD, lidocaine can be packaged separately from other magic mouthwash ingredients in individual dosage units and applied to the oral cavity using the swish-and-spit method."( Beyond-use dating of lidocaine alone and in two "magic mouthwash" preparations.
Brown, SD; Huffman, J; Kirk, LM; Lewis, PO; Luu, Y; Ogle, A, 2017)		0.46
" The current protocol for systemic reactions in immunotherapy is for the prescribing physician to reassess the dosing and schedule as well as the risk:benefit assessment for the therapy and determine whether or not to proceed."( Neurologic manifestations in anaphylaxis due to subcutaneous allergy immunotherapy: A case report.
Mangold, M; Qureshi, M, 2018)		0.48
" The safety profile and dosing information of diphenhydramine use in ESKD population is lacking."( Diphenhydramine Use in End-Stage Kidney Disease.
Cerenzio, J; Nguyen, T; Polyakova, B; Ramilo, JR, )		1.83
" Information on diphenhydramine used in the dialysis population is scarce, and dosing toxicity is unknown."( Diphenhydramine Use in End-Stage Kidney Disease.
Cerenzio, J; Nguyen, T; Polyakova, B; Ramilo, JR, )		1.92
" Diphenhydramine and dextromethorphan dosing errors were the most common cause of medication errors resulting from CCM use."( Medication Errors From Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Medications in Children.
Banner, W; Bond, GR; Dart, RC; Green, JL; Kauffman, RE; Palmer, RB; Paul, IM; Rapp-Olsson, M; Reynolds, KM; Wang, GS, 2020)		1.47
" Dosage analysis yielded no further information."( Prophylactic Administration of Diphenhydramine to Reduce Neuroleptic Side Effects in the Acute Care Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Alain, J; Berthelot, S; Mokhtari, A; Yip, O, 2021)		0.91
" Blood samples from 48 New Zealand white male rabbits, under both experimental conditions (physiological and pathological) divided into four groups for each (n = 6) were investigated after inducing each dosage form intranasally."( A Hematological and Histopathological Study on Diphenhydramine Nasal Nano-gel and Nano-emulgel for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Animal Model.
Iqbal, FM; Javed, H; Javed, N; Saeed, B; Shah, SNH, 2023)		1.17
" Overall, using spray-dried granules with ι-carrageenan, this technique for preparing instant jelly formulations is simple and inhibits the bitter taste of drugs, contributing to the development of oral dosage forms suitable for patients of all ages."( Development of Bitter-Taste Masked Instant Jelly Formulations of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride with Easy-to-Consume Granules.
Fukada, M; Kadota, K; Nogami, S; Shirakawa, Y; Tozuka, Y; Uchiyama, H, 2023)		1.15
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (11)

RoleDescription
H1-receptor antagonistH1-receptor antagonists are the drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine.
antiemeticA drug used to prevent nausea or vomiting. An antiemetic may act by a wide range of mechanisms: it might affect the medullary control centres (the vomiting centre and the chemoreceptive trigger zone) or affect the peripheral receptors.
sedativeA central nervous system depressant used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.
anti-allergic agentA drug used to treat allergic reactions.
muscarinic antagonistA drug that binds to but does not activate muscarinic cholinergic receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous acetylcholine or exogenous agonists.
antiparkinson drugA drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
antipruritic drugA drug, usually applied topically, that relieves pruritus (itching).
local anaestheticAny member of a group of drugs that reversibly inhibit the propagation of signals along nerves. Wide variations in potency, stability, toxicity, water-solubility and duration of action determine the route used for administration, e.g. topical, intravenous, epidural or spinal block.
antidyskinesia agentAny compound which can be used to treat or alleviate the symptoms of dyskinesia.
antitussiveAn agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.
oneirogenAny substance that produces or enhances dream-like states of consciousness.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
etherAn organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.
tertiary amino compoundA compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (2)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
Diphenhydramine H1-Antihistamine Action87
histamine degradation424

Protein Targets (53)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency14.38180.007215.758889.3584AID624030
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency89.12510.141337.9142100.0000AID1490
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.031637.5844354.8130AID504865
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.35487.935539.8107AID624146
ThrombopoietinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.06310.02517.304831.6228AID917; AID918
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.42240.000221.22318,912.5098AID743063
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.84890.001318.074339.8107AID926
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.18890.531815.435837.6858AID504845
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.01890.001310.157742.8575AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259256
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.83250.000214.376460.0339AID720691
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.29920.000229.305416,493.5996AID743069; AID743080; AID743091
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.36490.00108.379861.1304AID1645840
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.67020.035520.977089.1251AID504332
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency23.03100.057821.109761.2679AID1159526; AID1159528
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency8.28520.00207.533739.8107AID891
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency89.12510.354828.065989.1251AID504847
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.18380.01789.637444.6684AID588834
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency27.66440.000323.4451159.6830AID743065; AID743067
huntingtin isoform 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.000618.41981,122.0200AID1688
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.70790.004611.374133.4983AID624297
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency1.35570.00106.000935.4813AID943; AID944
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.891312.067628.1838AID1487
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.49150.002319.595674.0614AID651631; AID720552
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.81070.011912.222168.7989AID588378
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC50 (µMol)0.98000.00011.00768.7800AID625218
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Ki0.51300.00000.887110.0000AID625218
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)135.00000.11007.190310.0000AID1443980
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)3.54200.00041.877310.0000AID625207
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki3.51300.00322.28879.3160AID625207
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.05000.00001.23267.7930AID625152
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.37300.00000.690210.0000AID625152
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.37200.00001.15467.5858AID625154
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.05200.00000.79519.1201AID625154
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.16200.00010.99178.0000AID625155
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.11600.00000.72926.9183AID625155
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.34600.00001.403910.0000AID625151
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.08300.00000.59729.1201AID625151
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)50.00000.00002.800510.0000AID1210069
Angiotensin-converting enzymeOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)IC50 (µMol)31.85900.00001.612910.0000AID625171
Angiotensin-converting enzymeOryctolagus cuniculus (rabbit)Ki26.10130.00042.03378.6606AID625171
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.64700.00011.01049.9280AID625153
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.13700.00000.54057.7600AID625153
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)3.54200.00081.541620.0000AID625207
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)Ki3.51300.00031.465610.0000AID625207
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.29500.00010.88018.8500AID625192
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.37000.00000.385510.0000AID625192
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.98000.00011.03029.0000AID625218
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.51300.00010.954910.0000AID625218
Histamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)0.17100.00000.44365.1768AID625269
Histamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.01740.00000.511010.0000AID625269; AID626411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)1.11800.00011.18738.9125AID625217
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.71100.00030.769310.0000AID625217
Cytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)50.00000.01202.53129.4700AID1210069
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)20.06260.00091.901410.0000AID1207214; AID161281; AID243151; AID408340; AID576612; AID625171
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)Ki26.10130.00211.840710.0000AID625171
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)41.00000.00033.64849.2000AID1207155
Solute carrier family 22 member 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)24.00000.18003.68578.8000AID681348
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 Bos taurus (cattle)IC50 (µMol)31.85900.10482.83988.3173AID625171
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 Bos taurus (cattle)Ki26.10130.08582.95428.6606AID625171
Calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)500.00000.50004.25009.8000AID749402; AID749403
Protein orai-2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)500.00008.70009.25009.8000AID749402; AID749403
Protein orai-3Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)500.00004.00007.50009.8000AID749402; AID749403
Histamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki42.65790.00060.478710.0000AID626460
Solute carrier family 22 member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)32.00001.00004.446710.0000AID681345
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Histamine H1 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)K0.50.00610.00020.10290.5480AID88625
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)K0.50.00410.00010.40364.8000AID88008
Histamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)Activity0.01000.01000.01000.0100AID387771
Histamine H3 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)K0.50.00610.00020.10290.5480AID88625
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (347)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
fatty acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid biosynthetic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to oxidative stressBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compoundBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid and bile salt transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
protein ubiquitinationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidationBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid signaling pathwayBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to estrogenBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
response to ethanolBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic export from cellBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
lipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid homeostasisBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of bile acid secretionBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid metabolic processBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycle G2/M phase transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ER overload responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
in utero embryonic developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
somitogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell proliferation involved in immune responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
B cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell lineage commitmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleotide-excision repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
double-strand break repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein import into nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
autophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage responseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrestCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in transcription of p21 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
gastrulationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein localizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA replicationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
determination of adult lifespanCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
rRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to salt stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to inorganic substanceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to X-rayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of gene expressionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
viral processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitotic G1 DNA damage checkpoint signalingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomeraseCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
T cell differentiation in thymusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of tissue remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UVCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
multicellular organism growthCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeabilityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucose starvationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiodCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial DNA repairCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodelingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of proteolysisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IICellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
response to antibioticCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of fibroblast proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
circadian behaviorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
bone marrow developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic organ developmentCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein stabilizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of helicase activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome organizationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic stem cell differentiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glial cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
type II interferon-mediated signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac septum morphogenesisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of programmed necrotic cell deathCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex assemblyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stressCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of thymocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
necroptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ionizing radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to gamma radiationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-CCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
signal transduction by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to actinomycin DCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondriaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replicative senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative stress-induced premature senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
oligodendrocyte apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosisCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitophagyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediatorCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of miRNA transcriptionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of G1 to G0 transitionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of miRNA processingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of glucose catabolic process to lactate via pyruvateCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of pentose-phosphate shuntCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to hypoxiaCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of fibroblast apoptotic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of stem cell proliferationCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cellular senescenceCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathwayCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contractionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
response to virusMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle contractionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
gastric acid secretionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine transportMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
transmission of nerve impulseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylationMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of monoatomic ion transportMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
saliva secretionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
cognitionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of postsynaptic membrane potentialMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of glial cell proliferationMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of intracellular protein transportMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
monoterpenoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
urea metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
monocarboxylic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic catabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
amide metabolic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid biosynthetic processCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidative demethylationCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signalingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
smooth muscle contractionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergicMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
protein modification processMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle contractionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
saliva secretionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
ion channel modulating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated ion channel signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of smooth muscle contractionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
response to painSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine uptakeSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasisSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
temperature homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
glycolytic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
memory5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
artery smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heat generation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transport5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein localization to cytoskeleton5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
sensitization5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaine5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet aggregation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
feeding behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of nervous system process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of appetite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
memoryHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
visual learningHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of vascular permeabilityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstrictionHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic plasticityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to histamineHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell migration5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalization5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
heart morphogenesis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle hypertrophy5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell differentiation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
intestine smooth muscle contraction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
embryonic morphogenesis5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell division5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C signaling5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to temperature stimulus5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
histamine metabolic processHistamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
histamine catabolic processHistamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
histidine catabolic processHistamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
respiratory gaseous exchange by respiratory systemHistamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
methylationHistamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
icosanoid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart contractionCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathwayCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
organic acid metabolic processCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by hormonePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion homeostasisPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contractionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulusPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
membrane repolarization during ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transportPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
potassium ion import across plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rateSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac conduction system developmentSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac ventricle developmentSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
brainstem developmentSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transportSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of sodium ion transportSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
response to denervation involved in regulation of muscle adaptationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
telencephalon developmentSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cerebellum developmentSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
odontogenesis of dentin-containing toothSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarizationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle contractionSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarizationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarizationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane depolarizationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to calcium ionSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contractionSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle cell contractionSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
atrial cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
SA node cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
AV node cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
bundle of His cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during AV node cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during Purkinje myocyte cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during bundle of His cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
AV node cell to bundle of His cell communicationSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of heart rate by cardiac conductionSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarization during atrial cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transportSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
store-operated calcium entryCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretionCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activityCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of calcium ion transportCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transportCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
mammary gland epithelium developmentCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion importCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
ion channel modulating, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated ion channel signaling pathwayCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
store-operated calcium entryProtein orai-2Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportProtein orai-2Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of receptor internalizationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of translationAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA metabolic processAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
P-body assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
stress granule assemblyAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA transportAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
store-operated calcium entryProtein orai-3Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportProtein orai-3Homo sapiens (human)
inflammatory responseHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentrationHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
biological_processHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of MAPK cascadeHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messengerHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (111)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
protein bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
canalicular bile acid transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate transmembrane transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ABC-type bile acid transporter activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
ATP hydrolysis activityBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
core promoter sequence-specific DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specificCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protease bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
p53 bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase regulator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent DNA/DNA annealing activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
histone deacetylase bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-folding chaperone bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
14-3-3 protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
MDM2/MDM4 family protein bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
disordered domain specific bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
general transcription initiation factor bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
molecular function activator activityCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
promoter-specific chromatin bindingCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
arrestin family protein bindingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
steroid hydroxylase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
caffeine oxidase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activityCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine bindingMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
actin bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transmembrane transporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
dopamine:sodium symporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
norepinephrine:sodium symporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
monoamine transmembrane transporter activitySodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
beta-tubulin bindingSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
histamine receptor activityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activityHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
GTPase activator activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
protein binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
histamine N-methyltransferase activityHistamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion bindingCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 14,15-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 11,12-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
isomerase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
linoleic acid epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate isomerase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid 5,6-epoxygenase activityCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
heme bindingCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygenCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
delayed rectifier potassium channel activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
C3HC4-type RING finger domain bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel activity involved in ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential repolarizationPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activitySodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
calmodulin bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
fibroblast growth factor bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ankyrin bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin protein ligase bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nitric-oxide synthase bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in AV node cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in bundle of His cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in Purkinje myocyte action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel activity involved in SA node cell action potentialSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
scaffold protein bindingSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
calcium channel activityCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
calmodulin bindingCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
store-operated calcium channel activityCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingProtein orai-2Homo sapiens (human)
store-operated calcium channel activityProtein orai-2Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
epidermal growth factor receptor bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA bindingAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingProtein orai-3Homo sapiens (human)
store-operated calcium channel activityProtein orai-3Homo sapiens (human)
histamine receptor activityHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activityHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activityHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (72)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
basolateral plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intercellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular canaliculusBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
recycling endosome membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
membraneBile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
replication forkCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
centrosomeCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear matrixCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
PML bodyCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription repressor complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
site of double-strand breakCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
germ cell nucleusCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexCellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
asymmetric synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
symmetric synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminusMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
cholinergic synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
axon terminusMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic density membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
cholinergic synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
synapseMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
axonSodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter Homo sapiens (human)
neurofilament5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
caveola5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
axon5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
cell body fiber5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapseHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
synapse5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
dendrite5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolHistamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmHistamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmHistamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
centrosomeHistamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolHistamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeHistamine N-methyltransferaseHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membraneCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelleCytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
cell surfacePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
inward rectifier potassium channel complexPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membranePotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2Homo sapiens (human)
caveolaSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
nucleolusSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
caveolaSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
intercalated discSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
membraneSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
lateral plasma membraneSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
Z discSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
T-tubuleSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
sarcolemmaSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
voltage-gated sodium channel complexSodium channel protein type 5 subunit alphaHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membraneCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane raftCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
membrane raftCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium channel complexCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneCalcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneProtein orai-2Homo sapiens (human)
growth coneProtein orai-2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneProtein orai-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
trans-Golgi networkAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
membraneAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complexAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleAtaxin-2Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneProtein orai-3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneProtein orai-3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
dendriteHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
synapseHistamine H4 receptorHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (242)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1079938Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID78680In vitro inhibition of histamine(H1) induced contraction of guinea pig ileum.1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 28, Issue:12
New antihistaminic N-heterocyclic 4-piperidinamines. 1. Synthesis and antihistaminic activity of N-(4-piperidinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-amines.
AID19006Calculated membrane partition coefficient (Kmemb)2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-25, Volume: 47, Issue:7
Surface activity profiling of drugs applied to the prediction of blood-brain barrier permeability.
AID177710In vivo protection from compound 48/80 induced lethality test in rats 1 hour after subcutaneous administration.1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 28, Issue:12
New antihistaminic N-heterocyclic 4-piperidinamines. 1. Synthesis and antihistaminic activity of N-(4-piperidinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-amines.
AID395325Lipophilicity, log P by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Relationship between brain tissue partitioning and microemulsion retention factors of CNS drugs.
AID43581Inhibition of beta-lactamase at 100 uM2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID625284Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic failure2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID16029Pharmacokinetic parameter :drug bound to plasma was reported1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 41, Issue:6
Molecular properties and pharmacokinetic behavior of cetirizine, a zwitterionic H1-receptor antagonist.
AID1207245Effective free therapeutic plasma concentration (EFTPC): the concentration of unbound compund in the blood plasma at therapeutic dose (mean of range)2011Cardiovascular research, Jul-01, Volume: 91, Issue:1
Simulation of multiple ion channel block provides improved early prediction of compounds' clinical torsadogenic risk.
AID29925Volume of distribution in man (IV dose)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
AID566785Apparent permeability across human Caco2 cells after 180 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
New drug-like hydroxyphenylnaphthol steroidomimetics as potent and selective 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors for the treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases.
AID387771Inhibition of histamine N-methyl-transferase2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 16, Issue:19
Design, synthesis, and docking studies of novel benzopyrone derivatives as H(1)-antihistaminic agents.
AID311933Inhibition of ASM in rat PC12 cells assessed as residual activity at 10 uM2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2
Identification of new functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase using a structure-property-activity relation model.
AID1079944Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID604024Unbound brain to plasma concentration ratio in Sprague-Dawley rat administered in casettes of 2/3 drugs at 4 hr constant rate intravenous infusions using flow rate of 1 (ml/kg)/hr corresponding to dosage rate of 2 (umol/kg)/hr2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20
Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID625283Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for elevated liver function tests2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID625290Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver fatty2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID681345TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 50 uM) in OCT2-expressing MDCK cells2001Pharmaceutical research, Nov, Volume: 18, Issue:11
Distinct characteristics of organic cation transporters, OCT1 and OCT2, in the basolateral membrane of renal tubules.
AID425652Total body clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID1209583Unbound drug partitioning coefficient, Kp of the compound assessed as ratio of unbound concentration in Sprague-Dawley rat brain to unbound concentration in plasma2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Measurement of unbound drug exposure in brain: modeling of pH partitioning explains diverging results between the brain slice and brain homogenate methods.
AID1443502Half life in Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as parent compound remaining at 0.5 uM in presence of NADPH by LC-MS/MS analysis2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-13, Volume: 60, Issue:7
First Bispecific Inhibitors of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase and the NF-κB Activity As Novel Anticancer Agents.
AID29423HPLC capacity factor (k')2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
AID604025Unbound CSF to plasma concentration ratio in Sprague-Dawley rat administered in casettes of 2/3 drugs at 4 hr constant rate intravenous infusions using flow rate of 1 (ml/kg)/hr corresponding to dosage rate of 2 (umol/kg)/hr by LC-MS/MS method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20
Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID515780Intrinsic solubility of the compound in water2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Oct-01, Volume: 18, Issue:19
QSAR-based solubility model for drug-like compounds.
AID566784Intrinsic clearance in Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes after 60 mins by LC-MS/MS analysis2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
New drug-like hydroxyphenylnaphthol steroidomimetics as potent and selective 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors for the treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases.
AID625291Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver function tests abnormal2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID52790Inhibition of chymotrypsin at 250 uM2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID1443980Inhibition of human BSEP expressed in fall armyworm sf9 cell plasma membrane vesicles assessed as reduction in vesicle-associated [3H]-taurocholate transport preincubated for 10 mins prior to ATP addition measured after 15 mins in presence of [3H]-tauroch2010Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Dec, Volume: 118, Issue:2
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
AID177713In vivo anti-histaminic protection from 48/80 induced lethality in rats 2 hours after oral administration1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 28, Issue:12
New antihistaminic N-heterocyclic 4-piperidinamines. 1. Synthesis and antihistaminic activity of N-(4-piperidinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-amines.
AID678715Inhibition of human CYP2D6 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 4-methylaminoethyl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1636440Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2D6-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID1079939Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID361986Lipophilicity, log D of compound at pH 7.4 by shake flask method2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 51, Issue:16
Determination of log D via automated microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction.
AID1363521In vivo inhibition of Nav1.7 in C57/BL6 mouse model of histamine-induced pruritis assessed as reduction in scratching bouts at 10 mg/kg, po dosed 2 hrs before histamine challenge and measured for 15 mins relative to control2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 11-08, Volume: 61, Issue:21
Discovery of Tarantula Venom-Derived Na
AID1474166Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring severity class index2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID77801Histamine induced lethality, at 60-min pretreatment time when 3 mg/kg compound was administered perorally in guinea pigs1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 32, Issue:9
Benzo- and pyrido-1,4-oxazepin-5-ones and -thiones: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a new series of H1 antihistamines.
AID625281Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholelithiasis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID781328pKa (acid-base dissociation constant) as determined by Luan ref: Pharm. Res. 20052014Pharmaceutical research, Apr, Volume: 31, Issue:4
Comparison of the accuracy of experimental and predicted pKa values of basic and acidic compounds.
AID28233Fraction ionized (pH 7.4)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
AID76970Effective dose that protects guinea pigs against histamine induced lethality at 6 hours pretreatment time1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 32, Issue:9
Benzo- and pyrido-1,4-oxazepin-5-ones and -thiones: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a new series of H1 antihistamines.
AID1061889Displacement of [3H]BTX-B from neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel in rat cerebral cortex synaptoneurosomes after 60 mins by scintillation counting2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 22, Issue:1
A highly predictive 3D-QSAR model for binding to the voltage-gated sodium channel: design of potent new ligands.
AID1079937Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID680542TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Carnitine uptake (Carnitine: 0.01 uM, Diphenhydramine: 500 uM) in OCTN2-expressing HEK293 cells2001Molecular pharmacology, Feb, Volume: 59, Issue:2
Molecular and physiological evidence for multifunctionality of carnitine/organic cation transporter OCTN2.
AID311524Oral bioavailability in human2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 15, Issue:24
Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
AID566783Half life in Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes by LC-MS/MS analysis2011Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-27, Volume: 54, Issue:2
New drug-like hydroxyphenylnaphthol steroidomimetics as potent and selective 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors for the treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases.
AID699844Antiallergic activity in IgE/Ag-induced passive cutaneous anaphylactic ICR mouse model injected with DNP-HSA-Evans blue dye post DNP-IgE challenge at 50 mg/kg, po 1 hr before antigenic challenge measured after 2 hrs post IgE/Ag challenge2012Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-26, Volume: 55, Issue:14
Antiallergic activity profile in vitro RBL-2H3 and in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis mouse model of new sila-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles.
AID588211Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1079945Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID625292Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) combined score2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID26362Ionization constant (pKa)2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5
Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics.
AID1209593Dissociation constant, pKa of the acidic compound by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Measurement of unbound drug exposure in brain: modeling of pH partitioning explains diverging results between the brain slice and brain homogenate methods.
AID1079943Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1079936Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID47776The compound dose required for 50% block of H1 histamine activity, when administarted intra venously in cats1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 32, Issue:9
Benzo- and pyrido-1,4-oxazepin-5-ones and -thiones: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a new series of H1 antihistamines.
AID161281Inhibition of human Potassium channel HERG expressed in mammalian cells2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-18, Volume: 13, Issue:16
Prediction of hERG potassium channel affinity by traditional and hologram qSAR methods.
AID24562Pharmacokinetic parameter :half life in humans was reported1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 41, Issue:6
Molecular properties and pharmacokinetic behavior of cetirizine, a zwitterionic H1-receptor antagonist.
AID27167Delta logD (logD6.5 - logD7.4)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID625289Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for liver disease2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID408340Inhibition of human ERG expressed in CHO cells by whole cell patch clamp technique2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 16, Issue:11
Support vector machines classification of hERG liabilities based on atom types.
AID540212Mean residence time in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID135326BBB penetration classification2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 43, Issue:11
Predicting blood-brain barrier permeation from three-dimensional molecular structure.
AID130123Compound was evaluated for its inhibitory effects on delayed type hypersensitive reaction in mouse ears at a dose of 300 ug/site1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-24, Volume: 37, Issue:13
Synthesis and topical antiinflammatory and antiallergic activities of antioxidant o-aminophenol derivatives.
AID88625Compound was tested for the displacement of [3H]mepyramine from Histamine H1 receptor by competition binding assay1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-12, Volume: 42, Issue:16
Synthesis, evaluation, and comparative molecular field analysis of 1-phenyl-3-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes as ligands for histamine H(1) receptors.
AID29359Ionization constant (pKa)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID678713Inhibition of human CYP2C9 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-methoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin-3-acetic acid as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID395328Lipophilicity, log P of the compound2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Relationship between brain tissue partitioning and microemulsion retention factors of CNS drugs.
AID540209Volume of distribution at steady state in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID75769Oral antiallergic activity in the Guinea Pig Anaphylaxis (GPA) at the dose of 200 mg/kg; 4 guinea pigs were challenged with the antigen1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 33, Issue:7
Synthesis and antiallergy activity of N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-aryl-1-piperazinecarboxamide derivatives.
AID1079948Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID625285Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatic necrosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID1209581Fraction unbound in Sprague-Dawley rat brain homogenates at 5 uM by equilibrium dialysis analysis2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Measurement of unbound drug exposure in brain: modeling of pH partitioning explains diverging results between the brain slice and brain homogenate methods.
AID624613Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT1A102000Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID540211Fraction unbound in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1597735Half life in human at 25 to 50 mg2019Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 29, Issue:16
Sleep modulating agents.
AID184165Compound was evaluated for its inhibitory effects on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats at a dose of 2.5 mg/site1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-24, Volume: 37, Issue:13
Synthesis and topical antiinflammatory and antiallergic activities of antioxidant o-aminophenol derivatives.
AID626461Antagonist activity at H1R in guinea pig ileum assessed as inhibition of histamine-induced muscle contraction after 15 mins2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 21, Issue:21
Mepyramine-JNJ7777120-hybrid compounds show high affinity to hH(1)R, but low affinity to hH(4)R.
AID1079942Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID678722Covalent binding affinity to human liver microsomes assessed per mg of protein at 10 uM after 60 mins presence of NADPH2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID749403Inhibition of ORAl1/2/3 in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of Ca2+ influx after 10 mins by FLIPR assay in presence of thapsigargin2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 21, Issue:11
Design, synthesis and pharmacological characterization of analogs of 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), a known store-operated calcium channel blocker, for inhibition of TRPV6-mediated calcium transport.
AID540210Clearance in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID76315Dose that protects 50% of guinea pig from collapse was determined in guinea pig anaphylaxis assay1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
The synthesis and antiallergy activity of 1-(aryloxy)-4-(4-arylpiperazinyl)-2-butanol derivatives.
AID130607Tested for dose required to inhibit endotoxin induced mortality in mice1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-19, Volume: 37, Issue:17
[(3-Pyridylalkyl)piperidylidene]benzocycloheptapyridine derivatives as dual antagonists of PAF and histamine.
AID7783Unbound fraction (plasma)2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5
Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics.
AID1636406Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP3A4-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 121.5 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of 2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID189142Percent change in volume of foot edema of test compound to that of positive control was determined at a dose of 31.6 mg/kg in rat; -15/-601990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 33, Issue:6
The synthesis and antiallergy activity of 1-(aryloxy)-4-(4-arylpiperazinyl)-2-butanol derivatives.
AID625278FDA Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base Benchmark Dataset (LTKB-BD) drugs of no concern for DILI2011Drug discovery today, Aug, Volume: 16, Issue:15-16
FDA-approved drug labeling for the study of drug-induced liver injury.
AID1079932Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID47777The compound dose required to elicit marked cortical slowing and spindling, when administarted intra venously in cats1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 32, Issue:9
Benzo- and pyrido-1,4-oxazepin-5-ones and -thiones: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a new series of H1 antihistamines.
AID1202700Ratio of unbound drug in brain to plasma in rat2015Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 58, Issue:6
CNS drug design: balancing physicochemical properties for optimal brain exposure.
AID625282Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cirrhosis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID311935Partition coefficient, log P of the compound2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2
Identification of new functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase using a structure-property-activity relation model.
AID1578090Unbound brain-to-plasma concentration ratio in rat2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 182Practical approaches to evaluating and optimizing brain exposure in early drug discovery.
AID1079949Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID28236Unbound fraction (tissues)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
AID1207214Inhibition of hERG K channel2011Cardiovascular research, Jul-01, Volume: 91, Issue:1
Simulation of multiple ion channel block provides improved early prediction of compounds' clinical torsadogenic risk.
AID749401Inhibition of human TRPV6 transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of Ca2+ influx up to 500 uM after 5 mins by FLIPR assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 21, Issue:11
Design, synthesis and pharmacological characterization of analogs of 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), a known store-operated calcium channel blocker, for inhibition of TRPV6-mediated calcium transport.
AID625280Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for cholecystitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID624610Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT1A72000Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID29813Oral bioavailability in human2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID184163Inhibitory effects on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats at a dose of 1 mg/site1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-24, Volume: 37, Issue:13
Synthesis and topical antiinflammatory and antiallergic activities of antioxidant o-aminophenol derivatives.
AID318309Metabolic stability assessed as half life in rat liver microsomes2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of (hydroxyphenyl)naphthalene and -quinoline derivatives: potent and selective nonsteroidal inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1) for the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease
AID1220554Fraction unbound in Wistar Han rat brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID749402Inhibition of ORAl1/2/3 in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of Cd2+ influx after 10 mins by FLIPR assay in presence of thapsigargin2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 21, Issue:11
Design, synthesis and pharmacological characterization of analogs of 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), a known store-operated calcium channel blocker, for inhibition of TRPV6-mediated calcium transport.
AID1210069Inhibition of human recombinant CYP2J2 assessed as reduction in astemizole O-demethylation by LC-MS/MS method2013Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jan, Volume: 41, Issue:1
Discovery and characterization of novel, potent, and selective cytochrome P450 2J2 inhibitors.
AID243151Inhibitory concentration against potassium channel HERG2005Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-02, Volume: 15, Issue:11
A discriminant model constructed by the support vector machine method for HERG potassium channel inhibitors.
AID425653Renal clearance in human2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-13, Volume: 52, Issue:15
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
AID8002Observed volume of distribution2004Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5
Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics.
AID205268Inhibition of binding of Batrachotoxinin [3H]BTX-B to high affinity sites on voltage dependent sodium channels in a vesicular preparation from guinea pig cerebral cortex at 10 uM1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
[3H]Batrachotoxinin A 20 alpha-benzoate binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels: a rapid and quantitative assay for local anesthetic activity in a variety of drugs.
AID604021Unbound volume of distribution in Sprague-Dawley rat brain measured per gram of brain tissue administered in casettes of 2/3 drugs at 4 hr constant rate intravenous infusions using flow rate of 1 (ml/kg)/hr corresponding to dosage rate of 2 (umol/kg)/hr b2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20
Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID76971Effective dose that protects guinea pigs against histamine induced lethality, at 1 hour pretreatment time1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 32, Issue:9
Benzo- and pyrido-1,4-oxazepin-5-ones and -thiones: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a new series of H1 antihistamines.
AID28235Unbound fraction (plasma)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
AID389959Metabolic stability in Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as half life at 1 uM2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and pharmacokinetics of bis(hydroxyphenyl) substituted azoles, thiophenes, benzenes, and aza-benzenes as potent and selective nonsteroidal inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1).
AID77800Histamine induced lethality, at 60-min pretreatment time when 1 mg/kg compound was administered perorally in guinea pigs1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 32, Issue:9
Benzo- and pyrido-1,4-oxazepin-5-ones and -thiones: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a new series of H1 antihistamines.
AID1079947Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1079946Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID19424Partition coefficient (logD7.4)2001Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-19, Volume: 44, Issue:15
ElogD(oct): a tool for lipophilicity determination in drug discovery. 2. Basic and neutral compounds.
AID1443503Blood clearance in Sprague-Dawley rat by LC-MS/MS analysis2017Journal of medicinal chemistry, 04-13, Volume: 60, Issue:7
First Bispecific Inhibitors of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase and the NF-κB Activity As Novel Anticancer Agents.
AID588213Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID1851149Antinociceptive activity in mouse model of Histamine-induced itching assessed as reduction in scratching bouts at 30 mg/kg, po relative to control2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Discovery of pyridyl urea sulfonamide inhibitors of Na
AID604022Fraction unbound in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma administered in casettes of 2/3 drugs at 4 hr constant rate intravenous infusions using flow rate of 1 (ml/kg)/hr corresponding to dosage rate of 2 (umol/kg)/hr by LC-MS/MS method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20
Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID1175695Half life in mouse liver microsomes in presence of NADPH by LC-MS/MS method2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Ligand-based virtual screening identifies a family of selective cannabinoid receptor 2 agonists.
AID1220557Fraction unbound in Hartley guinea pig brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID29337Ionisation constant (pKa)2002Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-20, Volume: 45, Issue:13
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
AID678717Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 7-benzyloxyquinoline as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID624608Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT1A42000Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID88008Displacement of [3H](-)-trans-H2-PAT from Guinea pig histamine H2 receptors.1999Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-12, Volume: 42, Issue:16
Synthesis, evaluation, and comparative molecular field analysis of 1-phenyl-3-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenes as ligands for histamine H(1) receptors.
AID1474167Liver toxicity in human assessed as induction of drug-induced liver injury by measuring verified drug-induced liver injury concern status2016Drug discovery today, Apr, Volume: 21, Issue:4
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
AID625288Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for jaundice2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID106806Inhibition of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) at 400 uM2003Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-09, Volume: 46, Issue:21
Identification and prediction of promiscuous aggregating inhibitors among known drugs.
AID604023Ratio of total drug level in brain to plasma in Sprague-Dawley rat administered in casettes of 2/3 drugs at 4 hr constant rate intravenous infusions using flow rate of 1 (ml/kg)/hr corresponding to dosage rate of 2 (umol/kg)/hr by LC-MS/MS method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20
Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID1628852In vivo inhibition of Nav1.7 in C57BL/6 mouse assessed as reduction in histamine-induced scratching bouts at 30 mg/kg, po administered 4 hrs prior to histamine challenge measured for 15 mins2016Journal of medicinal chemistry, 09-08, Volume: 59, Issue:17
Application of a Parallel Synthetic Strategy in the Discovery of Biaryl Acyl Sulfonamides as Efficient and Selective NaV1.7 Inhibitors.
AID130121Compound was evaluated for its inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid (AA) induced mouse ear edema at a dose of 100 ug/ear1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-24, Volume: 37, Issue:13
Synthesis and topical antiinflammatory and antiallergic activities of antioxidant o-aminophenol derivatives.
AID749400Inhibition of human TRPV6 transfected in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of Cd2+ influx up to 500 uM after 5 mins by FLIPR assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jun-01, Volume: 21, Issue:11
Design, synthesis and pharmacological characterization of analogs of 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB), a known store-operated calcium channel blocker, for inhibition of TRPV6-mediated calcium transport.
AID1079935Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID86581Antihistaminic activity against Histamine H1 receptor was measured on isolated terminal part of guinea pig ileum1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 33, Issue:11
Synthesis, biological evaluation, and quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of [beta-(Aroylamino)ethyl]piperazines and -piperidines and [2-[(Arylamino)carbonyl]ethyl]piperazines, -pyrazinopyridoindoles, and -pyrazinoisoquinolines. A new cl
AID1636356Drug activation in human Hep3B cells assessed as human CYP2C9-mediated drug metabolism-induced cytotoxicity measured as decrease in cell viability at 300 uM pre-incubated with BSO for 18 hrs followed by incubation with compound for 3 hrs in presence of NA2016Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-15, Volume: 26, Issue:16
Development of a cell viability assay to assess drug metabolite structure-toxicity relationships.
AID1207155Inhibition of sodium current measured using whole-cell patch clamp experiments in HEK-293 cells stably transfected with hNaV1.5 cDNA2011Cardiovascular research, Jul-01, Volume: 91, Issue:1
Simulation of multiple ion channel block provides improved early prediction of compounds' clinical torsadogenic risk.
AID1079941Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1220556Fraction unbound in CD-1 mouse brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID1207643Inhibition of L-type calcium channel measured using whole-cell patch clamp in guinea pig ventricular myocytes2012Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, Oct, Volume: 32, Issue:10
Predictive model for L-type channel inhibition: multichannel block in QT prolongation risk assessment.
AID678714Inhibition of human CYP2C19 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using 3-butyryl-7-methoxycoumarin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID626411Displacement of [3H]mepyramine from human H1R expressed in Sf9 cells co-expressing RGS4 after 90 mins by liquid scintillation counting2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 21, Issue:21
Mepyramine-JNJ7777120-hybrid compounds show high affinity to hH(1)R, but low affinity to hH(4)R.
AID1220560Fraction unbound in human occipital cortex at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID1209582Unbound volume of distribution in Sprague-Dawley rat brain slices at 100 nM after 5 hrs2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Mar, Volume: 39, Issue:3
Measurement of unbound drug exposure in brain: modeling of pH partitioning explains diverging results between the brain slice and brain homogenate methods.
AID678712Inhibition of human CYP1A2 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using ethoxyresorufin as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID28681Partition coefficient (logD6.5)2000Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
AID76325Protection against intravenous histamine lithality in Guinea pigs 3 hour after oral administration1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec, Volume: 28, Issue:12
New antihistaminic N-heterocyclic 4-piperidinamines. 1. Synthesis and antihistaminic activity of N-(4-piperidinyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-amines.
AID1079931Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID678716Inhibition of human CYP3A4 assessed as ratio of IC50 in absence of NADPH to IC50 for presence of NADPH using diethoxyfluorescein as substrate after 30 mins2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID205267Inhibition of binding of Batrachotoxinin [3H]BTX-B to high affinity sites on voltage dependent sodium channels in a vesicular preparation from guinea pig cerebral cortex1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 28, Issue:3
[3H]Batrachotoxinin A 20 alpha-benzoate binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels: a rapid and quantitative assay for local anesthetic activity in a variety of drugs.
AID183447Tested for dose required to inhibit endotoxin induced mortality in rats1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-19, Volume: 37, Issue:17
[(3-Pyridylalkyl)piperidylidene]benzocycloheptapyridine derivatives as dual antagonists of PAF and histamine.
AID1220559Fraction unbound in cynomolgus monkey brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID625279Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for bilirubinemia2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID318310Metabolic stability assessed as intrinsic body clearance in rat liver microsomes2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-10, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of (hydroxyphenyl)naphthalene and -quinoline derivatives: potent and selective nonsteroidal inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1) for the treatment of estrogen-dependent disease
AID361985Lipophilicity, log D of compound at pH 7.4 by microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction method2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-28, Volume: 51, Issue:16
Determination of log D via automated microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction.
AID1400903Reduction of scratching behavior in C57Bl/6 mouse histamine dichloride-induced pruritus model at 30 mg/kg, po administered 60 mins prior to histamine dichloride challenge measured over 30 mins relative to vehicle-treated control2017MedChemComm, Apr-01, Volume: 8, Issue:4
Discovery and hit-to-lead evaluation of piperazine amides as selective, state-dependent Na
AID22246Pharmacokinetic parameter :volume apparent of distribution was reported1998Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-12, Volume: 41, Issue:6
Molecular properties and pharmacokinetic behavior of cetirizine, a zwitterionic H1-receptor antagonist.
AID540213Half life in human after iv administration2008Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 36, Issue:7
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
AID1079933Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID624607Specific activity of expressed human recombinant UGT1A32000Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, , Volume: 40Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease.
AID1220555Fraction unbound in Sprague-Dawley rat brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID1079934Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID625287Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatomegaly2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID130119Compound was evaluated for its inhibitory effects on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) -induced edema in mouse ear at a dose of 100 ug/site1994Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun-24, Volume: 37, Issue:13
Synthesis and topical antiinflammatory and antiallergic activities of antioxidant o-aminophenol derivatives.
AID1220558Fraction unbound in Beagle dog brain homogenates at 1 uM after 6 hrs by equilibrium dialysis method2011Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Jul, Volume: 39, Issue:7
Species independence in brain tissue binding using brain homogenates.
AID604020Unbound drug concentration in Sprague-Dawley rat plasma administered in casettes of 2/3 drugs at 4 hr constant rate intravenous infusions using flow rate of 1 (ml/kg)/hr corresponding to dosage rate of 2 (umol/kg)/hr by LC-MS/MS method2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-22, Volume: 52, Issue:20
Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids.
AID576612Inhibition of human ERG2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb, Volume: 46, Issue:2
Predicting hERG activities of compounds from their 3D structures: development and evaluation of a global descriptors based QSAR model.
AID781326pKa (acid-base dissociation constant) as determined by Avdeef ref: DOI: 10.1002/047145026X2014Pharmaceutical research, Apr, Volume: 31, Issue:4
Comparison of the accuracy of experimental and predicted pKa values of basic and acidic compounds.
AID1079940Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID625286Drug Induced Liver Injury Prediction System (DILIps) training set; hepatic side effect (HepSE) score for hepatitis2011PLoS computational biology, Dec, Volume: 7, Issue:12
Translating clinical findings into knowledge in drug safety evaluation--drug induced liver injury prediction system (DILIps).
AID626460Displacement of [3H]histamine from human H4R expressed in Sf9 cells co-expressing RGS19, Galphai2 and Gbeta1gamma2 after 60 mins by liquid scintillation counting2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 21, Issue:21
Mepyramine-JNJ7777120-hybrid compounds show high affinity to hH(1)R, but low affinity to hH(4)R.
AID389960Metabolic stability in Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes assessed as intrinsic clearance per mg of protein at 1 uM2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-13, Volume: 51, Issue:21
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and pharmacokinetics of bis(hydroxyphenyl) substituted azoles, thiophenes, benzenes, and aza-benzenes as potent and selective nonsteroidal inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1).
AID311934Dissociation constant, pKa of the compound2008Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-24, Volume: 51, Issue:2
Identification of new functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase using a structure-property-activity relation model.
AID681348TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of TEA uptake (TEA: 50 uM) in OCT1-expressing MDCK cells2001Pharmaceutical research, Nov, Volume: 18, Issue:11
Distinct characteristics of organic cation transporters, OCT1 and OCT2, in the basolateral membrane of renal tubules.
AID1207184Inhibition of calcium current (ICaL) measured using whole-cell patch clamp experiments in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes2011Cardiovascular research, Jul-01, Volume: 91, Issue:1
Simulation of multiple ion channel block provides improved early prediction of compounds' clinical torsadogenic risk.
AID237685Lipophilicity determined as logarithm of the partition coefficient in the alkane/water system2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, May-05, Volume: 48, Issue:9
Calculating virtual log P in the alkane/water system (log P(N)(alk)) and its derived parameters deltalog P(N)(oct-alk) and log D(pH)(alk).
AID588212Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents2010Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
AID678721Metabolic stability in human liver microsomes assessed as GSH adduct formation at 100 uM after 90 mins by HPLC-MS analysis2012Chemical research in toxicology, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:10
Preclinical strategy to reduce clinical hepatotoxicity using in vitro bioactivation data for >200 compounds.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347099qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay2021Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4
A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347104qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347107qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347100qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347154Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347096qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347411qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347091qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells2018Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4
Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347424RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)2019The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46
Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347407qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347410qHTS for inhibitors of adenylyl cyclases using a fission yeast platform: a pilot screen against the NCATS LOPAC library2019Cellular signalling, 08, Volume: 60A fission yeast platform for heterologous expression of mammalian adenylyl cyclases and high throughput screening.
AID588378qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation
AID1347057CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - LANCE assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347050Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr2) antagonism - Pilot subtype selectivity assay2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID504836Inducers of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response (ERSR) in human glioma: Validation2002The Journal of biological chemistry, Apr-19, Volume: 277, Issue:16
Sustained ER Ca2+ depletion suppresses protein synthesis and induces activation-enhanced cell death in mast cells.
AID1347058CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - HTRF assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347405qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS LOPAC collection2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347151Optimization of GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID588349qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression: Validation of Cytotoxic Assay
AID1347059CD47-SIRPalpha protein protein interaction - Alpha assay qHTS validation2019PloS one, , Volume: 14, Issue:7
Quantitative high-throughput screening assays for the discovery and development of SIRPα-CD47 interaction inhibitors.
AID1347045Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot counterscreen GloSensor control cell line2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID1347049Natriuretic polypeptide receptor (hNpr1) antagonism - Pilot screen2019Science translational medicine, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
AID504749qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation2011Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043
Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1799778Radiochemical Assay from Article 10.1074/jbc.M111.290619: \\Thermodynamic evaluation of ligand binding in the plant-like phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus.\\2011The Journal of biological chemistry, Nov-04, Volume: 286, Issue:44
Thermodynamic evaluation of ligand binding in the plant-like phosphoethanolamine methyltransferases of the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus.
AID1159537qHTS screening for TAG (triacylglycerol) accumulators in algae2017Plant physiology, Aug, Volume: 174, Issue:4
Identification and Metabolite Profiling of Chemical Activators of Lipid Accumulation in Green Algae.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1346037Human H1 receptor (Histamine receptors)2002The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Jul, Volume: 302, Issue:1
A novel phenylaminotetralin radioligand reveals a subpopulation of histamine H(1) receptors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (3,768)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19902118 (56.21)18.7374
1990's523 (13.88)18.2507
2000's518 (13.75)29.6817
2010's473 (12.55)24.3611
2020's136 (3.61)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 80.58

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index80.58 (24.57)
Research Supply Index8.43 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.40 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index227.42 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index3.06 (0.95)

This Compound (80.58)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials415 (10.01%)5.53%
Reviews117 (2.82%)6.00%
Case Studies587 (14.16%)4.05%
Observational3 (0.07%)0.25%
Other3,024 (72.94%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (210)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Does Diphenhydramine Alter Thermoregulatory Responses During Exercise? [NCT05586477]Phase 420 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-11-21Completed
The Effects of SlumberCurve™ Following Rotator Cuff Surgery: A Randomized Control Trial [NCT04774965]50 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-06-30Not yet recruiting
A Pilot Study of Intensified Lymphodepletion Followed by Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [NCT00076752]Phase 29 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-01-30Completed
Pharmacological Anxiolysis With Promethazine as an Adjunctive Therapy for Acute Low Back Pain in the Adult Emergency Department [NCT01129934]Phase 4200 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-05-31Not yet recruiting
A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Oral CL-H1T in the Treatment of Acute Migraine Pain, With or Without Aura, and the Prevention of Migraine Associated Nausea and Vomiting. [NCT03877718]Phase 2475 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-02-01Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab in Subjects With ISN/RPS Class III or IV Lupus Nephritis [NCT00282347]Phase 3144 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-01-31Completed
Intermediate-size Expanded Access of Remestemcel-L, Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) [NCT04456439]0 participants Expanded AccessAvailable
Efficacy of Sodium Bicarbonate for Treatment of Acute Peripheral Vertigo: A Double-blinded Randomized Control Trial [NCT05676216]225 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-01-07Recruiting
[NCT01159548]400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2010-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Population of interest was no longer available)
Droperidol on Prevention of Emesis From Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome [NCT05244460]Phase 345 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-12-02Recruiting
Post Operative Analgesia After Pediatric Hip Surgery - PCA, Epidural or Lumbar Plexus Catheter: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial [NCT03435692]42 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-15Terminated(stopped due to Funding was exhausted prior to enrolling intended number of patients.)
TREC-Lebanon Trial: A Randomised Controlled Trial for Rapid Tranquilisation for Agitated Patients in the Emergency Setting [NCT03639558]Phase 4100 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-08-28Completed
Metoclopramide for Post-Traumatic Headache. A Pilot Study [NCT03056352]Phase 1/Phase 221 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-01Completed
Reduction of Adverse Events and Re-Presentation to Medical Care After Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment in Children With Immune Thrombocytopenia With a Scheduled Post-Infusion Medication Strategy [NCT04741139]Phase 120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-09-02Active, not recruiting
Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Refractory Crohn's Disease [NCT04224558]Phase 1/Phase 215 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-12-15Recruiting
Investigating the Efficacy of Using Haloperidol vs. Metoclopramide for Treatment of Acute Headaches and Migraines in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT02972502]Phase 466 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Terminated(stopped due to PI lapsed institutional training)
A Phase I Study of Moxetumomab Pasudotox-tdfk (Lumoxiti (TM)) and Either Rituximab (Rituxan (R)) or Ruxience for Relapsed Hairy Cell Leukemia [NCT03805932]Phase 118 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-10-03Active, not recruiting
Effect of Intradermal Morphine Application on Histaminergic and Non-histaminergic Itch and Related TRPV1 and Antihistamine Treatments (2nd Sub-project) [NCT04700007]26 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-18Completed
Neuronal Correlates of Catecholamine Depletion in Patients With Bulimia Nervosa Off Medication and Healthy Controls [NCT02179814]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2012-02-20Suspended(stopped due to Conduct of the first analyses)
Multicenter Clinical Trial, Phase III, Controlled, Open, Parallel Group, Randomized, Comparing the Fixed Dose Combination of Diphenhydramine + Dropropizine + Pseudoephedrine and the Combined Use of Dropropizine and Fixed Dose Combination of Pseudoephedrin [NCT01177852]Phase 30 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-10-31Withdrawn
Pharmacogenetic Factors and Side Effects of Metoclopramide and Diphenhydramine [NCT01289938]Phase 149 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Terminated(stopped due to To unsuccessful recruitment of rare UM-genotype. All other planned genotype groups are completed (EM, IM and PM).)
Cabazitaxel in Combination With Prednisolone With Primary Prophylaxis With PEG-G-CSF for the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer [NCT02441894]Phase 421 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-04-30Completed
A Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Laparoscopic Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) With Chemoradiation (Carboplatin and Taxol) as First Line Treatment for Patients With Local Regional Advanced Gastric Cancer [NCT04308837]Phase 229 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2018-12-03Recruiting
Individual Differences After Consumption of Alcohol and Other Common Substances and Long-Term Follow-Up of Social Drinking, Young Adults [NCT00961792]400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2004-03-31Recruiting
An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase 1b Study of JNJ-54767414 (HuMax CD38) (Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody) in Combination With Backbone Regimens for the Treatment of Subjects With Multiple Myeloma [NCT01998971]Phase 1242 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-18Active, not recruiting
Therapeutic Rest to Delay Admission in Early Labor: A Prospective Study on Morphine Sleep [NCT03539562]82 participants (Actual)Observational2017-09-27Completed
Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover, In-home Study to Assess the Efficacy of Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride in Subjects With Occasional Sleeplessness [NCT02578186]Phase 433 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Completed
Sedative Effects of Oral Midazolam in Comparison Promethazine With Nitrous Oxide/Oxygen on Behavior Management of Uncooperative Children Receiving Dental Treatment [NCT01118884]Phase 320 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-06-30Active, not recruiting
The Potential Therapeutic Effects of Psychedelic, N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), on Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) [NCT06070649]Phase 163 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-17Not yet recruiting
Influence of Losartan and Diphenhydramine on Emotional and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Human Subjects [NCT01321021]80 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-03-31Completed
A Double-Blind Trial of Psilocybin-Assisted Treatment of Alcohol Dependence [NCT02061293]Phase 295 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Completed
An Open Label Crossover Pharmacokinetic Trial of Naproxen Sodium and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Soft Capsules Versus Naproxen Sodium and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Tablets in Healthy Adult Subjects Under Fasted Conditions [NCT03396250]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-02-12Completed
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study To Evaluate The Efficacy And Safety Of Obinutuzumab In Patients With ISN/RPS 2003 Class III Or IV Lupus Nephritis (REGENCY) [NCT04221477]Phase 3252 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-08-10Active, not recruiting
"Therapeutic Effects of Ibuprofen, Diphenhydramine and Aluminium MgS on Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis" [NCT01293968]Phase 237 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-30Completed
A Study to Evaluate the Relationship Between Ramucirumab (IMC-1121B) Therapy and Corrected QT (QTc) Interval Changes in Patients With Advanced Cancer [NCT01017731]Phase 268 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-11-30Completed
A Randomized, Two-Way Crossover Evaluation of the Bioequivalence Between Two Oral Formulations of Diphenhydramine: ULTRATAB Tablet Versus KAPSEALS Capsule [NCT00662337]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-10-31Completed
Comparison of Intrathecal Levobupivacaine Combined With Sufentanil, Fentanyl, or Placebo for Elective Caesarean Section: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study [NCT01858090]Phase 393 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-01-31Completed
Lumbar Stenosis Outcomes Research (LUSTOR)- A Randomized, Double-blind, Cross-over Trial of Pregabalin vs. Diphenhydramine in Patients With Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Neuropathic Low Back Pain [NCT00638443]Phase 429 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-03-31Completed
Probiotics and BeRberine on the Efficacy and Change of Gut MicrObiota in paTients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 diabEtes（PREMOTE Study） [NCT02861261]Phase 3400 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-08-18Active, not recruiting
Comparison Between the Treatment of Thiamine and Promethazine for Improving Vomiting and Nausea in Pregnancy [NCT00861523]Phase 350 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Difficulties in recruiting patients)
An Open-Label, Multi-Center, Phase I Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of RO7283420 as a Single Agent in Hematologic and Molecular Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia [NCT04580121]Phase 159 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-11-04Completed
A Phase 1, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of ARC-520 at Varying Infusion Rates in Normal Adult Volunteers [NCT02535416]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-09-30Completed
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin for Children With MRD Positive CD22+ Lymphoblastic Leukemia [NCT03913559]Phase 232 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-05-14Recruiting
Diphenhydramine 5% Ointment for Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis: a Randomised Double-blind Placebo-controlled Pilot Feasibility Study [NCT05036174]30 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-09-30Not yet recruiting
Haldol/Diphenhydramine Versus Metoclopramide/Diphenhydramine for Treatment of Acute Headache in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT02098499]Phase 468 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-06-30Completed
Treg Adoptive Therapy in Subclinical Inflammation in Kidney Transplantation (CTOT-21) [NCT02711826]Phase 1/Phase 214 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-09-20Completed
Randomized Placebo-controlled Crossover Trial of Diphenhydramine for Sleep in Children With Autism [NCT05501678]Phase 226 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-08-09Recruiting
A Phase II Study: Paclitaxel and Pelvic Radiation for Stage I-IIIA Papillary Serous Carcinoma of the Endometrium [NCT00515073]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-04-30Completed
A Phase II Study of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel, an Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Tcell Therapy, in Combination With Radiotherapy (RT) in Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma [NCT06043323]Phase 220 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-03-31Not yet recruiting
An Open-Label, Single-Dose Study Evaluating the Pharmacokinetics of Diphenhydramine in Children and Adolescents [NCT00762749]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Completed
Metoclopramide and Diphenhydramine (MAD): A Cost Effective Treatment for Headache in Pregnancy When Acetaminophen Alone is Ineffective (MAD Headache Study) [NCT02295280]70 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
A Prospective,Open-label, Dose Escalation Phase 1 Study to Investigate the Safety, and Tolerability and to Determine the Maximum Tolerated Dose and Recommended Phase 2 Dose of a HLX07, in Patients With Advanced Solid Cancers. [NCT02648490]Phase 119 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-09-30Completed
Open Label,Balanced,Randomized,Two-treatment,Two-sequence,Two Period,Single-dose,Crossover Oral Bioequivalence Study of Ibuprofen and Diphenhydramine Citrate 200mg/38mg Caplets of Dr.Reddy's and Advil®PM of Wyeth in Normal,Healthy,Adult,Human Subjects Und [NCT01053208]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
Qualification of Single Dose Administration of Analgesic Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Patients With Painful Diabetic Neuropathy [NCT00837941]Phase 20 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-04-30Withdrawn
A Phase II Trial of Nivolumab/Nab-paclitaxel/Carboplatin Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Response-stratified Locoregional Therapy for Patients With Locoregionally Advanced HPV-related Oropharyngeal Cancer- the OPTIMA II Trial [NCT03107182]Phase 276 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-06-27Active, not recruiting
Elotuzumab in Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease (IgG4-RD) [NCT04918147]Phase 275 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-13Recruiting
Efficacy of Nasal Migraine Cocktail Used In Pediatric Emergency Department: A Clinical Trial [NCT06083571]Phase 2120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-01-01Not yet recruiting
A Relative Bioavailability Study of Promethazine HCl 50 mg Tablets Under Fasting Conditions [NCT00947063]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-07-31Completed
A Phase 2 Study of Isatuximab in Combination With Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone in MM Patients Who Received One Prior Line of Therapy Containing Lenalidomide and a Proteasome Inhibitor [NCT05298683]Phase 2108 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-05-31Not yet recruiting
Comparison of the Healing of Chemotherapy-Induced Oral Mucositis Using Oral Defense Toothpaste Versus Crest Toothpaste and Magic Mouth Rinse [NCT02606994]Phase 21 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-05-29Terminated(stopped due to Lack of enrollment)
A Phase 2 Study in Poor Risk Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma of Total Lymphoid Irradiation & Antithymocyte Globulin Followed by Matched Allogeneic Hematopoietic Transplantation as Consolidation to Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation [NCT00482053]Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Low accrual)
Evaluation of Nasal Congestion Clinical Efficacy for Diphenhydramine 25 mg and Diphenhydramine 50 mg in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo and Pseudoephedrine Controlled Study [NCT00648973]Phase 41,021 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
A Study To Investigate The Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety And Radiological And Clinical Effects Of Subcutaneous Ocrelizumab Versus Intravenous Ocrelizumab In Patients With Multiple Sclerosis [NCT05232825]Phase 3236 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-05-03Active, not recruiting
Feasibility of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing the Use of Cetirizine to Replace Diphenhydramine in the Prevention of Reactions Related to Paclitaxel [NCT04237090]Phase 327 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-02-14Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Promethazine and Diphenhydramine as Adjunct Sedatives for Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) [NCT00937924]465 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2008-02-29Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Active- and Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Assessing the Effect of 600 mg Gabapentin Enacarbil on Simulated Driving in Healthy Subjects [NCT01411124]Phase 136 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-30Completed
A Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Dose-Ranging Study of Xolair (Omalizumab) in Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU) Who Remain Symptomatic With Antihistamine Treatment (H1) [NCT00866788]Phase 290 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-03-31Completed
The Magnitude and Duration of the Central Nervous System Effects Following Intravenous Infusion of Diphenhydramine Using Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Modeling [NCT05219604]Phase 43 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-03-15Terminated(stopped due to Institution decision)
A Phase 2 Study of Autologous Followed by Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Transplantation Using Total Lymphoid Irradiation (TLI) and Antithymocyte Globulin (ATG) in Multiple Myeloma Patients [NCT00899847]Phase 29 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-05-31Completed
[NCT00590590]Phase 2105 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Completed
Rescue Emetic Therapy for Children Having Elective Therapy [NCT01067677]0 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-02-28Withdrawn(stopped due to We do not have the funding or resources to complete the study at this time)
Assessing Efficacy of Intramuscular Promethazine for the Treatment of Intrathecal Morphine Induced Pruritus [NCT04805073]Phase 4110 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-08-09Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Cross-over, Pilot Study to Investigate the Efficacy of Rest-ZZZ Formula in Healthy Participants With Difficulty Falling Asleep or Staying a Sleep [NCT04093271]Phase 127 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-09-24Completed
An Open-label, Phase 2 Trial of Prophylactic Rituximab Therapy for Prevention of Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease After TLI/ARG Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT00186628]Phase 236 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Completed
Open Label,Balanced,Randomized,Two-treatment,Two-sequence,Two Period,Single-dose,Crossover Oral Bioequivalence Study of Ibuprofen and Diphenhydramine Citrate 200mg/38mg Caplets of Dr.Reddy's and Advil®PM of Wyeth in Normal,Healthy,Adult,Human Subjects Und [NCT01053338]Phase 140 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
A Phase 1-2 Trial of Cetuximab in Combination With Oxaliplatin, Capecitabine, and Radiation Therapy Followed by Surgical Resection for Locally-Advanced Rectal Cancer [NCT00226941]Phase 1/Phase 223 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-06-30Terminated(stopped due to The response rate observed in the phase 1 portion of the study did not merit further evaluation in phase 2 portion of the study.)
A Phase 2 Exploratory Study of Intravenous QUZYTTIR™ (Cetirizine Hydrochloride Injection) Versus Intravenous Diphenhydramine in the Prevention of Hypersensitivity Infusion Reactions [NCT04189588]Phase 234 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-03-25Completed
"Randomized Trial of Diphenhydramine Versus Continued Midazolam in Difficult-to-sedate Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy" [NCT01769586]200 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-02-28Completed
Effect of Diphenhydramine Sedation During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) or Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) [NCT00240123]Phase 10 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-07-31Withdrawn
Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Randomized Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of BP1.5375 After Single Oral Administrations Ranging From 0.5 mg to 100 mg in Healthy Male Subjects (Part 1) Followed by the Asse [NCT01965301]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-10-31Terminated
A Phase 1 Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Single Agent Flotetuzumab in Advanced CD123-Positive Hematological Malignancies [NCT04681105]Phase 113 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-11-18Active, not recruiting
The Effect of Antihistamines on Methacholine Challenge Testing in Asthma Patients [NCT01985789]Phase 412 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-11-30Completed
Evaluation and Treatment of Autonomic Failure. [NCT00223691]Phase 1389 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-03-31Completed
Phase 2, Single-Arm Study of Iberdomide, Daratumumab, Carfilzomib, and Dexamethasone (Iber-KDd) in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma [NCT05896228]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2024-03-01Recruiting
[NCT02023164]Phase 336 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-31Completed
Phase 2, Open-Label Randomized Study of Daratumumab, Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone vs Carfilzomib, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma [NCT04268498]Phase 2306 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-02-11Recruiting
Prochlorperazine vs Imitrex for Acute Migraine in the Emergency Department [NCT00573599]66 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-02-28Completed
The Use of Doxepin for Urticaria in the Emergency Department [NCT05115136]Phase 3160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-05-23Recruiting
Chronic Sleep Deprivation Among the Poor: A Lab-in-the-field Approach [NCT03322358]452 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-23Completed
A Phase II Comparative, Open-Label, Randomized, Multicenter, China-Only Study to Investigate the Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Rituximab Versus Intravenous Rituximab Both in Combination With CHOP in Previously Untreated Patients Wi [NCT04660799]Phase 250 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-02-24Completed
A Phase 2 Open-Label Study of TPI 287 in Patients With Breast Cancer Metastatic to the Brain [NCT01332630]Phase 224 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-16Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, Active- and Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Safety Study Assessing Simulated Driving Performance in XP13512-(GSK1838262) Treated Patients With Restless Legs Syndrome [NCT01332318]Phase 2130 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-04-30Completed
Phase I/II Clinical Trial Combining TUSC2-nanoparticles and Erlotinib in Stage IV Lung Cancer [NCT01455389]Phase 1/Phase 225 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Trial terminated by sponsor after decision to evaluate combination of quaratusugene ozeplasmid and osimertinib instead of further evaluating quaratusugene ozeplasmid and erlotinib.)
A Study to Investigate Safety and Tolerability of Higher Infusion Rate to shORten the duraTion of FabrazymE Infusion [NCT06019728]Phase 418 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-11-10Recruiting
Abatacept for Graft Versus Host Disease Prophylaxis After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease: a Sickle Transplant Alliance for Research Trial [NCT02867800]Phase 124 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-31Active, not recruiting
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Active- and Placebo-Controlled, Multiple-Dose, Multi-Center Phase 3 Study of the Safety and Efficacy of CL-108 in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Pain and Opioid-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (OINV) [NCT02462811]Phase 3552 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-09-30Completed
Evaluation of Re-administration of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Acid Alpha-Glucosidase (rAAV9-DES-hGAA) in Patients With Late-Onset Pompe Disease (LOPD) [NCT02240407]Phase 12 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-17Completed
Psilocybin-facilitated Treatment for Cocaine Use: A Pilot Study [NCT02037126]Phase 240 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-05-31Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Facorial Design Study to Optimize the Dose of Parenteral Metoclopramide [NCT00475306]Phase 4289 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-05-31Completed
A Phase 2b, Double-Blind, Three Arm, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial With Restricted Response Adaptive Randomization Testing the Efficacy and Safety of High Dose Methylprednisolone or Equine Anti-Thymocyte Globulin as Treatment for Acute Liver Failur [NCT04862221]Phase 2163 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-02-09Recruiting
Optimizing the Combination of Intranasal Scopolamine and Sensory Augmentation to Mitigate G-transition Induced Motion Sickness and Enhance Sensorimotor Performance. Motion Sickness Countermeasures Field Test [NCT05852730]Phase 280 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-08-10Recruiting
A Phase III, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Safety Study of Xolair (Omalizumab) in Patients With Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU) Who Remain Symptomatic Despite Treatment With H1 Antihistamines, H2 Blockers, and/or Leukotriene [NCT01264939]Phase 3336 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-02-28Completed
A Pilot Study of Prolonged, Intermittent Exposure to Alfentanil on Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia in Healthy Volunteers [NCT00991809]22 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
A Phase I, Randomized, Subject- and Investigator-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 4-Period Cross-Over Study Assessing the Duration of Effect of Lasmiditan on Simulated Driving Performance in Healthy Volunteers [NCT03459612]Phase 168 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-26Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Four Intramuscular Interventions for the Management of Acute Psychomotor Agitation [NCT01485692]120 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-02-28Completed
Rapid Tranquilization of Violent or Agitated People in Psychiatric Emergency Settings- A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial of Intramuscular Olanzepine Vs. Intramuscular Haloperidol + Promethazine. [NCT00455234]Phase 3300 participants Interventional2005-09-30Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multiple-dose Multi-Center Phase III Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Cl-108 in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Pain [NCT01780428]Phase 3460 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
A Randomized Trial Comparing Auricular Acupuncture and Intravenous Migraine Medications in the Treatment of Status Migrainosus in the Pediatric Emergency Department [NCT02681211]80 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2016-02-29Recruiting
A Dose Ranging Effect of Preoperative Diphenhydramine on Postoperative Quality of Recovery After Ambulatory Surgery [NCT01451762]90 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Completed
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Ondansetron and Promethazine in the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in the Emergency Department [NCT00429832]Phase 4120 participants Interventional2003-10-31Completed
A Pilot Study to Determine the Pruritic Benefits of Ondansetron Versus Diphenhydramine in Burn Patients Undergoing Wound Healing [NCT00137202]36 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-06-30Completed
Pain Study to See if Ultram ER Will Provide Relief to Subjects Whose Pain is Not Well Controlled by Narcotics [NCT00505531]7 participants (Actual)Observational2007-06-30Terminated(stopped due to Not enough data to analyze the results.)
Value of Intravenous Fluids in the Emergent Treatment of Pediatric Migraine [NCT06182098]134 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-06-27Recruiting
A Phase I Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Dose-increasing Single Dose Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability，Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Analysis of Pegloticase in Subjects With Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia [NCT05302388]Phase 145 participants (Actual)Interventional2022-04-11Completed
An Open-label, Single-arm, Multicenter Phase II/III Extension Study to Evaluate the Safety of Rituximab Re-treatment in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Previously Enrolled in Protocol U2971g [NCT00381810]Phase 331 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-06-22Terminated(stopped due to During a safety review of studies U2970g and U2971g, the Data Monitoring Committee recommended that enrollment in this extension trial be terminated.)
Phase II Randomized, Double-Blinded Study of an Antiemetic Pump, Using Benadryl®, Avitan® and Decadron® (BAD), for Children Receiving Moderately or Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy [NCT00429702]Phase 27 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-10-31Terminated(stopped due to Closed due to poor accrual and lack of feasibility to finish study per DSMB)
Countermeasures to Reduce Sensorimotor Impairment and Space Motion Sickness Resulting From Altered Gravity Levels [NCT02136420]Phase 430 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-06-30Completed
Metoclopramide for Acute Migraine: A Dose Finding Study [NCT00682734]Phase 3349 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-04-30Completed
Impact of Temsirolimus Therapy on Circulating Tumor Cell Biology In Men With Castration Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer [NCT00887640]Phase 211 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-07-31Terminated
A Pilot Trial of WT1 Peptide-Loaded Allogeneic Dendritic Cell Vaccine and Donor Lymphocyte Infusion for WT1-Expressing Hematologic Malignancies [NCT00923910]Phase 1/Phase 210 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-02-22Completed
A Randomised, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Placebo And Active Controlled, 4-Way Crossover Methodology Study To Assess The Effect Of Gabapentin, Diphenhydramine And Morphine On Cold Pain In Healthy Male Volunteers [NCT01119222]Phase 119 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-07-31Completed
A Phase I Study of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemoperfusion (HIPEC) in Patients With Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Carcinomatosis or Positive Cytology [NCT03330028]Phase 129 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-27Completed
Phase I Study of the Administration of Multi-Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Expressing CD19 Chimeric Receptors for Prophylaxis or Therapy of Relapse of CD19 Positive Malignancies Post Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation [NCT00840853]Phase 168 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2009-04-30Active, not recruiting
A 3-Day Investigator Blinded, Randomized Study Evaluating Aurstat Anti-Itch Hydrogel Versus Control in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis Associated Pruritus [NCT01905631]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-31Completed
Use of Diphenhydramine as an Adjunctive Sedative for Colonoscopy in Patients Chronically on Opioids [NCT01967433]Phase 4120 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-31Completed
Effect of Acupuncture and Pain Medication on Radicular Pain Using QST [NCT01678586]47 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-31Completed
An Open-Label Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Tolerability of a Topical Composition Therapy for the Treatment of Cutaneous Mastocytosis [NCT04846348]Phase 210 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-07-26Recruiting
Phase 2 Study of Bexxar in Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma (DLCL) [NCT00490009]Phase 29 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-09-30Completed
Effects of Intravenous Lidocaine on Endometriosis Pain [NCT01968694]20 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-12-31Completed
A Randomized Trial to Evaluate Resolution of Symptoms Using Vestibular Rehab Versus Conventional Therapy in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) With Diagnosis of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) [NCT00641797]26 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-11-30Completed
"THINK Trial: Treatment of Headache With IntraNasal Ketamine: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Intranasal Ketamine Versus Standard Therapy in the Management of Primary Headache Syndromes in the Emergency Department" [NCT03081416]Phase 380 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-31Completed
Phase 2, Safety and Efficacy Study of Isatuximab, an Anti-CD38 Monoclonal Antibody, Administered by Intravenous (IV) Infusion in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory T-acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) or T-lymphoblastic Lymphoma (T-LBL) [NCT02999633]Phase 214 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-08Terminated(stopped due to Due to an unsatisfactory benefit/risk ratio, as specified in & 14.8.1 of the protocol, Sanofi decided to stop enrollment and terminate ACT14596 prematurely)
B-Cell Targeted Therapy for Acute Renal Allograft Rejection With an Antibody Mediated Component: A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Study [NCT00771875]Phase 230 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-09-30Completed
Studying the Effectiveness of Triple Therapy With Palonosetron, Dexamethasone and Promethazine for Prevention of Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting in High Risk Patients Undergoing Neurological Surgery and General Anesthesia [NCT02635828]Phase 440 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-10-31Completed
A Two-Part Study Evaluating the Combination of Tazemetostat and CPX-351 (Part 1) and Palbociclib With CPX-351 (Part 2) for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia [NCT05627232]Phase 124 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-08-28Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase II Multicenter Trial of a Monoclonal Antibody to CD20 (Rituximab) for the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (SSc-PAH) [NCT01086540]Phase 257 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-06-24Completed
Antitussive Effect of a Naturally Flavored, Multi-Component Syrup Containing Diphenhydramine, Compared With Dextromethorphan and Placebo [NCT02062710]Phase 422 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-31Completed
[NCT02655354]635 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-10-31Completed
Fundamental Modification of the Gut Microbiota in the Treatment of Refractory Crohn's Disease [NCT02765256]Phase 28 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-08-31Completed
Principal Investigator [NCT01644838]Phase 2/Phase 393 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-08-31Completed
Low Dose Adrenaline, Promethazine, & Hydrocortisone (Alone and in Combination) to Prevent Acute Adverse Reactions to Antivenom in People Bitten by Snakes: Randomised, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT00270777]Phase 41,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2005-03-31Completed
A Phase III, International, Multicenter, Randomised Open Label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Obinutuzumab Versus MMF in Patients With Childhood Onset Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome [NCT05627557]Phase 380 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-29Recruiting
A Phase II Study of Vibecotamab (XmAb14045) for MRD- Positive AML and MDS After Hypomethylating Agent Failure [NCT05285813]Phase 242 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-05-06Recruiting
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study To Evaluate The Efficacy And Safety of Obinutuzumab in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [NCT04963296]Phase 3300 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-26Recruiting
A Bioavailability Study of Naproxen Sodium and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Under Fasting Conditions and Naproxen Sodium and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Combination Under Fasting and Fed Conditions [NCT01666678]Phase 132 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-01-31Completed
The Role of Intravenous (IV) Lidocaine in the Management of Chronic Neuropathic Pain of Peripheral Nerve Origin [NCT01669967]34 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-09-30Completed
A Phase 1, Open-Label, Two-Part, Fixed-Sequence Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effect of P-glycoprotein Inhibition on Lenalidomide Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Male Subjects [NCT01712828]Phase 131 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-10-01Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Oral Sumatriptan Plus Oral Promethazine in Migraine Treatment: a Randomized, Double Blind Clinical Trial [NCT01814189]Phase 3350 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-01-31Completed
Promethazine vs. Lorazepam for Treatment of Vertigo in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial [NCT01827293]Phase 3210 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Topical Morphine Compared With a Routine Mouthwash in Managing Cancer Treatment-induced Mucositis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer in Isfahan [NCT01837446]Phase 2/Phase 330 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Completed
An Exploratory Multicenter, Double-Blind, Diphenhydramine- and Placebo-Controlled Safety, Efficacy and Biomarker Study With JNJ-42847922 in Subjects With Major Depressive Disorder [NCT02476058]Phase 148 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-06-11Completed
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalating, Phase 1 Study to Determine the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Effect of Circulating Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Levels of ARC-AAT in Healthy Volunteer Subjects and in Patients With Alpha-1 Antitryps [NCT02363946]Phase 165 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-02-28Terminated(stopped due to Company decision to terminate the trial)
A Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of Obinutuzumab in Adolescent Patients With Active Class III or IV Lupus Nephritis, Including an Evaluation of Open Label Sa [NCT05039619]Phase 240 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-05-12Recruiting
Safely Stopping Pre-Medications in Patients Receiving Paclitaxel: A Randomized Trial [NCT04862585]Phase 2/Phase 3100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-07Recruiting
KEYMAKER-U01 Substudy 3: A Phase 2, Umbrella Study With Rolling Arms of Investigational Agents in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Previously Treated With Anti-PD-(L)1 Therapy [NCT04165096]Phase 2135 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-01-21Active, not recruiting
Droperidol Versus Metoclopramide + Diphenhydramine for the Treatment of Primary Headaches in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Randomized, Double-blinded Trial. [NCT01406860]19 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-07-31Terminated(stopped due to lack of enrollment/drug shortages)
A Pilot, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Promethazine for Treatment of Diabetic Gastroparesis. [NCT02130622]Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-07-31Terminated(stopped due to Lack of recruitment)
"Absorption of ABH Gel (Ativan®, Lorazepam; Benadryl®, Diphenhydramine; and Haldol®, Haloperidol Gel) From the Skin of Normal Volunteers" [NCT01204255]11 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-11-15Completed
A Phase II Clinical Trial of BMS-247550 (NSC 710428), an Epothilone B Analog, in Renal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00030992]Phase 2102 participants (Actual)Interventional2002-02-28Completed
A Double-Blind, Randomized, Pilot Study Assessing the Analgesic and Hypnotic Effect of Naproxen Sodium and Diphenhydramine Combination in Dental Pain [NCT01118273]Phase 4162 participants (Actual)Interventional2008-01-31Completed
Comparison of Efficacy of Metoclopramide , Promethazine and Prochloroperazine in the Treatment of Vertigo. [NCT05586763]Phase 390 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-02-01Recruiting
Intramuscular Paracervical Injection for Headache in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04109885]Phase 2108 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-09-15Active, not recruiting
The Use of Campath-1H, Tacrolimus, and Sirolimus Followed by Sirolimus Withdrawal in Renal Transplant Patients [NCT00078559]Phase 1/Phase 210 participants (Actual)Interventional2003-11-30Completed
Intravenous Fluids in Benign Headaches Trail: A Randomized Single Blind Clinical Trial [NCT03185130]Phase 458 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-16Completed
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multi-dose Study to Determine the Depth of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Reduction Following Intravenous ARC-520 in Combination With Entecavir or Tenofovir in Patients With HBeAg Positive, [NCT02452528]Phase 24 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-08-31Terminated(stopped due to Company decision to discontinue trial)
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter, Phase II/III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [NCT00137969]Phase 2/Phase 3262 participants (Actual)Interventional2005-05-10Completed
Pharmacokinetics of Buprenorphine and Naloxone in Subjects With Mild to Severe Hepatic Impairment (Child-Pugh Classes, A, B, and C), in HCV-Seropositive Subjects, and in Healthy Volunteers [NCT01846455]Phase 443 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-09-30Completed
Safety of Donor Alloantigen Reactive Tregs to Facilitate Minimization and/or Discontinuation of Immunosuppression in Adult Liver Transplant Recipients (CTOTC-12) [NCT02474199]Phase 1/Phase 215 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-06-06Completed
A Phase I Study to Evaluate Safety and Pharmacokinetics of SAR408701 Administered Intravenously as Monotherapy in Japanese Patients With Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors [NCT03324113]Phase 134 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-10-17Completed
A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Concealed Allocation Comparison of Respiratory Depression and Coughing During Bronchoscopy With Dexmedetomidine-ketamine as an Adjunct to Fentanyl-midazolam Sedation [NCT01158820]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2010-06-30Completed
A Phase III Randomized, Open-Label Active Comparator-Controlled Multicenter Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Obinutuzumab in Patients With Primary Membranous Nephropathy [NCT04629248]Phase 3140 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-06-25Recruiting
Phase II Trial Investigating Tailoring First-Line Therapy For Advanced Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Based on Mid-Treatment Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan Results [NCT00324467]Phase 2150 participants (Actual)Interventional2006-08-31Active, not recruiting
Randomized Controlled Trial of Infliximab (Remicade®) Induction Therapy for Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients (CTOT-19) [NCT02495077]Phase 2290 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-11-02Completed
A Randomized, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity of Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Alone or Concomitantly With Raxibacumab (GSK3068483) [NCT02339155]Phase 4573 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-02-24Completed
Donor-Alloantigen-Reactive Regulatory T Cell (darTreg) Therapy in Liver Transplantation (RTB-002) [NCT02188719]Phase 115 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-17Terminated(stopped due to The trial could not be completed within the grant timeline.)
Bone Marrow Transplantation and High Dose Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide for Chimerism Induction and Renal Allograft Tolerance (ITN054ST) [NCT02029638]Phase 24 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-01-07Terminated(stopped due to Slow accrual)
Controlled Clinical Trial of Antiviral Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Infusion Following Combination Antiretroviral Drug Therapy for Asymptomatic HIV-1 Infection [NCT00000875]16 participants InterventionalTerminated
Efficacy of Melatonin and Diphenhydramine Versus Placebo in Treatment of Nighttime Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis [NCT03688464]Early Phase 10 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-04-01Withdrawn(stopped due to Study never started)
A Phase 1b/2 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of Isatuximab (SAR650984) in Patients Awaiting Kidney Transplantation [NCT04294459]Phase 1/Phase 223 participants (Actual)Interventional2020-06-18Terminated(stopped due to Terminated due to non-safety reasons)
Role of Nefopam in Rituximab Transfusion Reaction [NCT05648058]Phase 3100 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-12-20Not yet recruiting
Real-time Decision Support for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Prophylaxis [NCT02625181]27,034 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-07-31Completed
A Phase III, Multi-center, Double Blind, Randomized, Active Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Non-Inferiority Comparing Cetirizine Injection 10 mg to Diphenhydramine Injection, 50 mg, for the Treatment of Acute Urticaria [NCT02935699]Phase 3262 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-03-01Completed
A Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial of IV Metoclopramide for Acute Post-traumatic Headache [NCT03220958]Phase 3160 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-08-01Completed
A Phase I Single-Arm Study of the Combination of Durvalumab (MEDI4736) and Vicineum (Oportuzumab Monatox, VB4-845) in Subjects With High-Grade Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Previously Treated With Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) [NCT03258593]Phase 115 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-06-07Completed
A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Study on Influence of E-aid Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia to Reduce Incidence of Depression as Well as Suicidal Ideation in Patients With Insomnia [NCT03309527]1,000 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-11-01Enrolling by invitation
Dyphenhidramine Effect on Prevention of Sevoflurane Induced Post Anesthesia Agitation in Pediatric [NCT02463929]Phase 450 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-04-30Completed
Glutaminergic and Histaminergic Pathway Modulation in Acute Ischemic Stroke as an Effective Neuroprotection Strategy. [NCT02142712]Phase 23 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-12-31Completed
Postoperative Sleep Quality Following Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Diphenhydramine and Melatonin Versus Sleep Skills Training [NCT03968939]Phase 4375 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-10-01Recruiting
Pharmacovigilance in Gerontopsychiatric Patients [NCT02374567]Phase 3407 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-01-31Terminated
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multiple Dose Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of BMS-986263 in Healthy Participants [NCT03142165]Phase 133 participants (Actual)Interventional2017-05-11Completed
An Open Label, Balanced, Randomized, Single-dose, Two-treatment, Two-sequence, Two-period, Two-way Crossover, Oral Comparative Pharmacokinetic (PK) Study of Ibuprofen and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Modified-Release Tablets, 400mg/50mg of Overseas Pharm [NCT05729555]Phase 116 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-04-03Not yet recruiting
Preoperative Gabapentin for Acute and Chronic Post-thoracotomy Analgesia: A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Study [NCT00588159]146 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-06-30Completed
Aprepitant Versus Ondansetron in Preoperative Triple-therapy Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting [NCT01474915]Phase 4122 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-06-30Completed
A Randomized Phase 2 Trial of Pazopanib Versus Temsirolimus in Poor-Risk Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma [NCT01392183]Phase 269 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-10-24Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial Comparing Ondansetron, Metoclopramide and Promethazine for the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in the Adult Emergency Department. [NCT00655642]171 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-03-31Terminated(stopped due to Conditional analysis showed observed differences were significantly less than power calculations)
An Open-Label Trial to Explore Symptomatic Therapy for Application Site Reaction to SPM962 in Healthy Subject [NCT01737931]Phase 1120 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-08-31Completed
Median Nerve Acustimulation Plus Medical Anti-emetic Therapy for Control Post-operative Nausea in Patients Undergoing Foregut Surgery: A Randomized Control Trial [NCT01510379]100 participants (Actual)Interventional2011-08-31Completed
Effect of Metformin and Probiotics in Reproductive-aged Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized, Parallel Study [NCT03336840]90 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2017-06-01Recruiting
A Phase II Study of Perioperative Paclitaxel in Patients With Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Carcinomatosis or Positive Cytology [NCT05977998]Phase 230 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-09-08Recruiting
The Check Trial: A Comparison of Headache Treatment in the ED: Compazine Versus Ketamine. A Multi-Center, Randomized Double-Blind, Clinical Control Trial. [NCT02657031]Phase 454 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-03-17Completed
An Open Label Crossover Pharmacokinetic Trial of Naproxen Sodium and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Soft Capsules Versus Naproxen Sodium and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Tablets in Healthy Adult Subjects Under Fed Conditions [NCT03424135]Phase 160 participants (Actual)Interventional2018-03-02Completed
A PHASE 3, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, CROSS-OVER, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, SINGLE DOSE, CLINICAL TRIAL TO ASSESS THE NEXT-DAY RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF GABAPENTIN, DIPHENHYDRAMINE AND TRIAZOLAM ON SIMULATED DRIVING PERFORMANCE IN NORMAL VOLUNTEERS [NCT01888497]Phase 359 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-07-29Completed
A Phase III Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Three-Arm Study of Doxepin and a Topical Rinse in the Treatment of Acute Oral Mucositis Pain in Patients Receiving Radiotherapy With or Without Chemotherapy [NCT02229539]Phase 3275 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-11-30Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blinded Controlled Trial of an N-Methyl D-Aspartate Antagonist as a Rapidly-Acting Antidepressant in Depressed Emergency Department Patients [NCT02106325]Phase 221 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-12-31Completed
Diphenhydramine as Adjuvant Therapy for Acute Migraine. A Randomized Trial. [NCT01825941]Phase 4208 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
An Open-label, Multicenter, Phase 2 Trial Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of Daratumumab in Subjects With Multiple Myeloma Who Have Received at Least 3 Prior Lines of Therapy (Including a Proteasome Inhibitor and IMiD) or Are Double Refractory to a [NCT01985126]Phase 2124 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-09-27Completed
A Pilot Study to Assess Impact of Low Dose Melphalan on Disease Burden Measured by Next Generation Sequencing Before Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (AHCT) for Multiple Myeloma Patients [NCT05013437]Early Phase 120 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-31Recruiting
Hydromorphone Versus Prochlorperazine + Diphenhydramine for Treatment of Acute Migraine. A Randomized, Emergency Department Based, Comparative Efficacy Study [NCT02389829]Phase 4127 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-03-31Completed
Rituximab Plus Cyclophosphamide Followed by Belimumab for the Treatment of Lupus Nephritis (ITN055AI) [NCT02260934]Phase 243 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-07-09Completed
"A Randomized Trial of the Effectiveness of Topical ABH Gel (Ativan®, Lorazepam; Benadryl®, Diphenhydramine; and Haldol®, Haloperidol Gel) Versus Placebo in Patients With Nausea" [NCT01556932]22 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-03-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

TrialOutcome
NCT00030992 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT00030992 (2) [back to overview]Response Rate
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Relapse-free Complete Clinical Response
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Absolute Lymphocyte Count
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Absolute Neutrophil Count
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Anti-Double Stranded Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Antibody
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Anti-Nuclear Antibody
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Anti-Smith-Ribonuclear Protein Antibody
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Cluster of Differentiation 19 (CD19) + Cells
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Cluster of Differentiation 3 (CD3) + Cells
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) + Cells
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8) + Cells
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA)
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Natural Killer Cells
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Platelet Count
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)
NCT00076752 (16) [back to overview]White Blood Cells
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Number of Severe Acute Rejections Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Graft Loss Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants Requiring Anti-lymphocyte Therapy for an Acute Rejection, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Number of Alemtuzumab Associated Adverse Events, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Number of Acute Rejections in All Enrolled Participants Following Sirolimus Withdrawal
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Number of Acute Rejections in All Enrolled Participants
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Number of Acute Rejections Between Initiation of Sirolimus Withdrawal and End of Study
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Change in Renal Function as Measured by Serum Creatinine, Stratified by Withdrawal Status
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Time From Transplantation to Acute Rejection in Participants for Whom Acute Rejection Occurred During the 1 Year Post-transplant Period
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Number of Deaths Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Time From Transplantation to Acute Rejection in Participants for Whom Sirolimus Withdrawal Was Not Initiated
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Number of Tacrolimus Associated Adverse Events, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Number of Sirolimus Associated Adverse Events, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status
NCT00078559 (14) [back to overview]Number of Side Effects of Conventional Immunosuppression, Stratified by Withdrawal Status
NCT00137969 (8) [back to overview]Change in SLE Expanded Health Survey Physical Function Score From Baseline
NCT00137969 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved a Major Clinical Response (MCR), Partial Clinical Response (PCR), or Nonclinical Response (NCR) Defined by British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Scores Over The 52-week Treatment Period
NCT00137969 (8) [back to overview]Time-adjusted Area Under The Curve Minus Baseline (AUCMB) of BILAG Score Over The 52-week Treatment Period
NCT00137969 (8) [back to overview]Time to First Moderate or Severe Flare
NCT00137969 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved an MCR in The ITT Population
NCT00137969 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved an MCR (Excluding PCR)
NCT00137969 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved a PCR (Including MCR)
NCT00137969 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved a BILAG C or Better in All Domains
NCT00186628 (4) [back to overview]Mortality
NCT00186628 (4) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT00186628 (4) [back to overview]Incidence of Relapse
NCT00186628 (4) [back to overview]Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease (cGvHD)
NCT00226941 (7) [back to overview]Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) - Number of Participants Affected
NCT00226941 (7) [back to overview]Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) - Number of DLTs by Treatment Group
NCT00226941 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00226941 (7) [back to overview]Tumor Downstaging at Surgical Resection
NCT00226941 (7) [back to overview]Time-to-Progression (TTP)
NCT00226941 (7) [back to overview]Survival at 5 Years
NCT00226941 (7) [back to overview]Pathologic Response Rate
NCT00282347 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Anti-double-stranded DNA at Week 52
NCT00282347 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Expanded Health Survey Physical Function Score at Week 52
NCT00282347 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Renal Response at Week 24 and Maintained it to Week 52
NCT00282347 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Renal Response at Week 52
NCT00282347 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With a Baseline Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio of > 3.0 Who Achieved a Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio of < 1.0 at Week 52
NCT00282347 (9) [back to overview]British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Index Score Over 52 Weeks
NCT00282347 (9) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in C3 and C4 Complement Levels at Week 52
NCT00282347 (9) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Renal Response (CRR), a Partial Renal Response (PRR), or no Renal Response (NRR) at Week 52
NCT00282347 (9) [back to overview]Time to Achieve a Complete Renal Response
NCT00381810 (1) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With at Least 1 Serious Adverse Event
NCT00429702 (2) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Requiring Rescue Medication for Breakthrough Nausea or Emesis After Completion of the First Course of Emetogenic Chemotherapy
NCT00429702 (2) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients Requiring Rescue Medication for Breakthrough Nausea or Emesis During Inpatient Chemotherapy
NCT00475306 (2) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Akathisia
NCT00475306 (2) [back to overview]Nausea Scale
NCT00482053 (7) [back to overview]Median Time to Platelet Engraftment After Autologous Transplant
NCT00482053 (7) [back to overview]Median Time to Neutrophil Engraftment After Autologous Transplant
NCT00482053 (7) [back to overview]Median Time to Neutrophil Engraftment After Allogeneic Transplant
NCT00482053 (7) [back to overview]Median Time to Platelet Engraftment After Allogeneic Transplant
NCT00482053 (7) [back to overview]Incidence of Chronic Graft vs Host Disease (GvHD)
NCT00482053 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00482053 (7) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EFS) Per Protocol
NCT00490009 (3) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS) Rate
NCT00490009 (3) [back to overview]Clinical Response Rate
NCT00490009 (3) [back to overview]Time to Progression (TTP)
NCT00515073 (1) [back to overview]Overall Survival at 2 Years and 5 Years
NCT00588159 (6) [back to overview]Average Pain Score With Coughing the First Morning Following Surgery
NCT00588159 (6) [back to overview]Average Pain Score With Coughing on Second Morning After Surgery
NCT00588159 (6) [back to overview]Opioid Consumption in Second 24 Hour Hour Period (Hours 24-48) Postoperatively
NCT00588159 (6) [back to overview]Average Pain Score at Rest
NCT00588159 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Pain at Thoracotomy Site 3 Months Postoperatively
NCT00588159 (6) [back to overview]Opioid Consumption in First 24 Hours Postoperatively
NCT00590590 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Overall Vulvar Vestibulitis Symptoms Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score at End of Treatment (12 Weeks) [0 = No Symptoms and 100 = As Bad as They Can be]
NCT00590590 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Overall Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome (VVS)-Related Discomfort Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score at End of Treatment (12 Weeks) [0 = No Discomfort and 100 = Most Severe Discomfort]
NCT00590590 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Tenderness (on a 0- to 3-point Scale) on Palpation at End of Treatment (12 Weeks) [Scale Rates the Severity of Pain; 0 =Absent and 3 = Severe]
NCT00590590 (6) [back to overview]Mean Marinoff Dyspareunia Scale Score (MDSS) at End of Treatment (12 Weeks)
NCT00590590 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Marinoff Dyspareunia Scale Score at End of Treatment (12 Weeks)
NCT00590590 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Overall Intercourse-Related Pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score at End of Treatment (12 Weeks) [0 = No Pain and 100 = Most Severe Pain]
NCT00638443 (12) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve
NCT00638443 (12) [back to overview]Swiss Spinal Stenosis- Physical Function
NCT00638443 (12) [back to overview]Time to First Symptoms of Moderate Pain
NCT00638443 (12) [back to overview]Total Distance
NCT00638443 (12) [back to overview]Recovery Time
NCT00638443 (12) [back to overview]Final Pain as Measured by NRS
NCT00638443 (12) [back to overview]Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
NCT00638443 (12) [back to overview]Modified Brief Pain Inventory (mBPI)- Interference Score
NCT00638443 (12) [back to overview]Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) Score
NCT00638443 (12) [back to overview]Patient Global Assessment (PGA)
NCT00638443 (12) [back to overview]Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire
NCT00638443 (12) [back to overview]Swiss Spinal Stenosis (SSS) Score- Symptom Severity
NCT00641797 (1) [back to overview]Likert Scale for Satisfaction
NCT00655642 (1) [back to overview]Change in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score for Nausea. This Was Calculated by Subtracting the Patient's Reported Score on the 30 Minute VAS From the Patient's Reported VAS Score on Their Baseline VAS.
NCT00682734 (1) [back to overview]Pain Intensity Score
NCT00771875 (7) [back to overview]Incidence of Death
NCT00771875 (7) [back to overview]Incidence of Post Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD)
NCT00771875 (7) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Allografts With C4d Diffuse Positive Pretreatment Biopsy
NCT00771875 (7) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Allografts With C4d Focal Positive Pretreatment Biopsy
NCT00771875 (7) [back to overview]Mean Serum Creatinine
NCT00771875 (7) [back to overview]Renal Allograft Survival
NCT00771875 (7) [back to overview]Number of Patients in Each Group With Any of the Following: Rejection Reversal or Recurrent Rejection
NCT00866788 (11) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax) of Omalizumab
NCT00866788 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Immunogenicity
NCT00866788 (11) [back to overview]Terminal Half-Life (t1/2) of Omalizumab
NCT00866788 (11) [back to overview]Number of Patients With Adverse Events by Severity
NCT00866788 (11) [back to overview]Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) of Omalizumab
NCT00866788 (11) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time of Dosing Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC-Inf)
NCT00866788 (11) [back to overview]Change in the Weekly Pruritus Score From Baseline to Week 4
NCT00866788 (11) [back to overview]Change in the Weekly Score for Number of Hives From Baseline to Week 4
NCT00866788 (11) [back to overview]Change in the Weekly Score for Sleep Interference From Baseline to Week 4
NCT00866788 (11) [back to overview]Change in the Weekly Score for the Amount of Rescue Medication From Baseline to Week 4
NCT00866788 (11) [back to overview]Change in Urticaria Activity Score 7 (UAS7) From Baseline to Week 4
NCT00887640 (5) [back to overview]Mean Percent of N-cadherin Expression at Baseline and 8 Weeks of Treatment.
NCT00887640 (5) [back to overview]Safety and Tolerability of Temsirolimus
NCT00887640 (5) [back to overview]Median Progression-Free Survival (PFS)
NCT00887640 (5) [back to overview]Maximum Rate of Change of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA).
NCT00887640 (5) [back to overview]Change in Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Counts in Men With Metastatic Treatment-refractory Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.
NCT00899847 (8) [back to overview]Event-free Survival (EFS)
NCT00899847 (8) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00899847 (8) [back to overview]Partial Response Rate (PRR)
NCT00899847 (8) [back to overview]Median Time to Engraftment After Allo-PBSC Transplant
NCT00899847 (8) [back to overview]Median Time to Engraftment After Auto-PBSC Transplant
NCT00899847 (8) [back to overview]Complete Response Rate (CRR)
NCT00899847 (8) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (ORR)
NCT00899847 (8) [back to overview]Incidence of Graft Versus Host Disease (GvHD)
NCT00923910 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) Greater Than or Equal to Grade 3
NCT00923910 (7) [back to overview]Wilm's Tumor (WT1) Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH)
NCT00923910 (7) [back to overview]Time to Immune Response
NCT00923910 (7) [back to overview]Wilm's Tumor 1 (WT1) Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISpot)
NCT00923910 (7) [back to overview]Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH)
NCT00923910 (7) [back to overview]Toxicity
NCT00923910 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Progressive Disease
NCT00991809 (2) [back to overview]Pain Tolerance
NCT00991809 (2) [back to overview]Pain Threshold
NCT01017731 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Drug-Related Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT01017731 (6) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Cycle 3 in QT/Corrected QT (QTc) Interval Prolongation in Participants
NCT01017731 (6) [back to overview]Area Under Concentration (AUC) During Cycle 1
NCT01017731 (6) [back to overview]Area Under Concentration (AUC) During Cycle 3
NCT01017731 (6) [back to overview]Maximum Concentration (Cmax) During Cycle 3
NCT01017731 (6) [back to overview]Maximum Concentration (Cmax) During Cycle 1
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Change in Severity of Raynaud's Phenomenon
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Number of Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Events (AEs) Through Week 48
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Number of New Digital Ulcers
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Oxygen Saturation Levels at Week 24 and Week 48
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Time to Clinical Worsening
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Time to the Change or Addition of New Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Therapeutic Medications
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Treatment-Related Mortality: From Treatment Initiation to Week 48
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Distance Walked During a Six Minute Walk Test at Week 24 and Week 48
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Number of Infusion-Related Toxicities
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Quality of Life as Measured by the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): Mental Component Summary Score
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Quality of Life as Measured by the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): Physical Component Summary Score
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Change in Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity (DLCO)
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Change in Quality of Life as Measured by the Disability Index of the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ-DI)
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]All-Cause Mortality: From Treatment Initiation to Week 104
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]All-Cause Mortality: From Treatment Initiation to Week 48
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Distance Walked During a Six Minute Walk Test
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Measured by Right Heart Catheterization at Week 24
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Number of Infection-Related Adverse Events (AEs) Through Week 48
NCT01086540 (19) [back to overview]Percent Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Measured by Right Heart Catheterization
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Overall Rating of Pain Relief
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Number of Times Participants Took Rescue Medication
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Karolinska Sleep Diary - Well Rested
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Karolinska Sleep Diary - Sufficient Sleep
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Karolinska Sleep Diary - Sleep Quality
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Karolinska Sleep Diary - Premature Awakening
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Karolinska Sleep Diary - Easiness to Fall Asleep
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Karolinska Sleep Diary - Ease of Awakening
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Karolinska Sleep Diary - Calmness of Sleep
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Global Assessment of Study Medication as a Sleep-aid
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Global Assessment of Study Medication as a Pain Reliever
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Cumulative Proportion of Participants Taking Rescue Medication by Hour
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) Measured by Actigraphy
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Wake Episode Measured by Actigraphy
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Total Wake Time Measured by Actigraphy
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Total Sleep Time Measured by Actigraphy
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Total Sleep Time by Subject Assessment
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Time to Rescue Medication
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Sleep Quality Index
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Sleep Latency Measured by Actigraphy
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Sleep Efficiency Measured by Actigraphy
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Categorical Pain Rating Scale Score
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Activity Mean Measured by Actigraphy
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Overall Rating of Severity in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score
NCT01118273 (26) [back to overview]Overall Rating of Severity in Categorical Pain Rating Scale Score
NCT01119222 (2) [back to overview]Interpolated Average Pain (0-8 Hours)
NCT01119222 (2) [back to overview]Average Pain (0-120 Seconds): Cold Pain Test Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
NCT01158820 (8) [back to overview]Total Fentanyl
NCT01158820 (8) [back to overview]Total Midazolam
NCT01158820 (8) [back to overview]Conversion to General Anesthesia
NCT01158820 (8) [back to overview]Decreased Minute Ventilation
NCT01158820 (8) [back to overview]Desaturation (Cumulative)
NCT01158820 (8) [back to overview]Desaturation (Longest)
NCT01158820 (8) [back to overview]Endoscopist Satisfaction
NCT01158820 (8) [back to overview]Patient Satisfaction
NCT01204255 (2) [back to overview]Side Effects
NCT01204255 (2) [back to overview]Lorazepam, Diphenyhydramine, Haloperidol Absorption
NCT01264939 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Angioedema-free Days From Week 4 to Week 12
NCT01264939 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Complete Responders (UAS7 = 0) at Week 12
NCT01264939 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With a UAS7 Score ≤ 6 at Week 12
NCT01264939 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT01264939 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Weekly Itch Severity Score MID Responders at Week 12
NCT01264939 (11) [back to overview]Time to Minimally Important Difference (MID) Response in the Weekly Itch Severity Score by Week 12
NCT01264939 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in the Overall Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) Score at Week 12
NCT01264939 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 12 in the Urticaria Activity Score Over 7 Days (UAS7)
NCT01264939 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 12 in the Weekly Itch Severity Score
NCT01264939 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 12 in the Weekly Number of Hives Score
NCT01264939 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline to Week 12 in the Weekly Size of the Largest Hive Score
NCT01293968 (1) [back to overview]Effect of Ibuprofen, Diphenhydramine and Aluminium MgS Measured on Decrease in Pain Level and Burning Sensation
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Scaled Token Motor Task Test Score
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in Overall Average Speed
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in Overall Average Lane Position
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in Brake Reaction Time
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants With the Indicated Post Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) Responses at Day 14
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants With the Indicated Number of Simulated Crashes on Days 14 (Evening), 15 (Morning After Dose), and 16 (Tmax)
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants in Each Category of the Participant-Rated Clinician Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) Scale at Day 14
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With no Reported RLS Symptoms During the 24-hour RLS Record at Day 14
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants With no Reported RLS Symptoms During Each of the 4-hour Periods From the 24-hour RLS Record at Day 14
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) in Overall Lane Position Variability (LPV) on Day 16 (Tmax)
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants in Each Category of the Investigator-Rated Clinician Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) Scale at Day 14
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PghSD) Sleep Onset Items
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in the Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PghSD) Sleep Quality
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) Total Score
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Mean Change From Baseline (Day -1) at Day 14 in the International Restless Legs Syndrome (IRLS) Rating Scale Total Score
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in Overall Lane Position Variability (LPV)
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Median Time to Onset of a Participant's First RLS Symptoms Using the 24-hour RLS Symptom Record at Day 14
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Responded to Treatment Based on Scores on the Investigator-Rated CGI-I at Day 14
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Scaled Tower of London (TOL) Score
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Scaled Symbol Coding Test Score
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Scaled Verbal Memory Test Score
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Scaled Verbal Fluency Test Score
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Responded to Treatment Based on Scores on the Participant-Rated CGI-I at Day 14
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Scaled Digit Sequencing Score (DSS)
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Composite Score
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in the Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PghSD) Total Sleep Time Item
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in the Alertness Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score
NCT01332318 (28) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in Overall Speed Variability
NCT01332630 (1) [back to overview]Overall Response Rate (ORR)
NCT01392183 (2) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival (PFS)
NCT01392183 (2) [back to overview]Overall Survival (OS)
NCT01451762 (1) [back to overview]Quality of Recovery 40 at 24 Hours
NCT01474915 (2) [back to overview]Proportion of Patients With a Complete Response/Complete Control During the First 24 Hours After Neurological Surgery Under General Anesthesia
NCT01474915 (2) [back to overview]Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Scores on a Verbal Response Scale
NCT01510379 (2) [back to overview]Quantify the Amounts of Phenergan Used Between the Two Groups.
NCT01510379 (2) [back to overview]Comparison of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Scores Between Groups Treated With a ReletexTM Device and Those Without the Device.
NCT01556932 (1) [back to overview]The Change in Numeric Rating Scale in Self-reported Nausea From Baseline Minus 60 Minutes of Treatment.
NCT01737931 (4) [back to overview]Skin Irritation Score After Patch Removal
NCT01737931 (4) [back to overview]Itching of Application Site Evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT01737931 (4) [back to overview]Itching of Application Site Evaluated by VAS After Patch Removal
NCT01737931 (4) [back to overview]Skin Irritation Score of the Application Site
NCT01769586 (1) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Achieve Adequate Sedation to Allow Colonoscopy (Defined as MOAA/S ≤3)
NCT01825941 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Sustained Headache Relief Assessed by Self-evaluation
NCT01846455 (10) [back to overview]Apparent Body Clearance (CL/F) of Buprenorphine and Naloxone
NCT01846455 (10) [back to overview]Apparent Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase (Vz/F) of Buprenorphine and Naloxone
NCT01846455 (10) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (AUC0-inf) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide
NCT01846455 (10) [back to overview]Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Measurable Concentration (AUC0-last) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide
NCT01846455 (10) [back to overview]Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide
NCT01846455 (10) [back to overview]Time of the Last Measureable Plasma Concentration (Tlast) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide
NCT01846455 (10) [back to overview]Terminal Phase Elimination Rate-Constant (λz) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide
NCT01846455 (10) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide
NCT01846455 (10) [back to overview]Terminal Elimination Half-life (t1/2) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide
NCT01846455 (10) [back to overview]Percentage of Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity Due to Extrapolation (%AUCextrap) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide
NCT01888497 (3) [back to overview]Speed Deviation
NCT01888497 (3) [back to overview]Lane Exceedance
NCT01888497 (3) [back to overview]Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP)
NCT01905631 (1) [back to overview]Reduction of Itching in AD
NCT01967433 (7) [back to overview]24 Hour Follow up Amnesia Score
NCT01967433 (7) [back to overview]Dosage of Midazolam
NCT01967433 (7) [back to overview]Dosage of Fentanyl
NCT01967433 (7) [back to overview]24 Hour Follow up Pain Score
NCT01967433 (7) [back to overview]Quality of Sedation
NCT01967433 (7) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events
NCT01967433 (7) [back to overview]Duration of Procedure
NCT01968694 (4) [back to overview]Change in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
NCT01968694 (4) [back to overview]Change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
NCT01968694 (4) [back to overview]Change in Brief Pain Inventory (BPI): Pain on Average
NCT01968694 (4) [back to overview]Change in Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2
NCT01985126 (7) [back to overview]Duration of Response
NCT01985126 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Clinical Benefit
NCT01985126 (7) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Overall Response
NCT01985126 (7) [back to overview]Progression Free Survival
NCT01985126 (7) [back to overview]Time to Disease Progression
NCT01985126 (7) [back to overview]Time to Response
NCT01985126 (7) [back to overview]Overall Survival
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Duration in Days of Adverse Events (AEs)- Including Infection, Wound Complications, Post-transplant Diabetes, Hemorrhagic Cystitis and Malignancy
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Histological Severity of Biopsies Demonstrating Acute Rejection as Defined by Banff 2007 Classification Renal Allograft Pathology
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Transplanted Participants With Engraftment Syndrome
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Transplanted Participants With Chronic T Cell-Mediated or Antibody-Mediated Rejection
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Transplanted Participants With Acute Renal Allograft Rejection
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Transplanted Participants Who Remained Off Immunosuppression for at Least 52 Weeks, Including Those in Whom the 52 Week Biopsy Was Not Performed
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Transplanted Participants Who Died
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Who Achieved Operational Tolerance
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Transplanted Participants Who Developed Donor-Specific Antibody During Study Participation
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Transplanted Participants Who Developed Donor- Specific Antibody After Initiation of Immunosuppression Withdrawal
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants Free From Return to Immunosuppression for the Duration of the Study
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Participants Experiencing an Incidence of Graft-versus-Host Disease Post-Transplant
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Days From Transplant to Platelet Count Recovery
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Days From Neutrophil Nadir to Absolute Neutrophil Recovery
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Duration in Days of Graft-versus-Host Disease in Transplanted Participants
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Adverse Events (AEs) by Severity- Including Infection, Wound Complications, Post-Transplant Diabetes, Hemorrhagic Cystitis and Malignancy
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Adverse Events (AEs)- Including Infection, Wound Complications, Post-transplant Diabetes, Hemorrhagic Cystitis and Malignancy
NCT02029638 (18) [back to overview]Number of Days Post-Transplant to the First Episode of Acute Rejection Requiring Treatment
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 1 Level
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Achieving No Heavy Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Heavy Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Short Inventory of Problems (SIP-2R) Score
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Short Inventory of Problems (SIP-2R) Score
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Abstinence From Drinking
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Achieving Abstinence From Drinking
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 3 Levels
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 3 Levels
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 2 Levels
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Heavy Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Heavy Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Drinks Per Day
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Drinks Per Day
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Achieving No Heavy Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 1 Level
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 2 Levels
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Percent of Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]Drinks Per Day
NCT02062710 (1) [back to overview]Change in Cough Reflex Sensitivity to Capsaicin
NCT02106325 (9) [back to overview]Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)
NCT02106325 (9) [back to overview]Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI)
NCT02106325 (9) [back to overview]Change in Treatment Alliance Score
NCT02106325 (9) [back to overview]Evaluate the Effects of Ketamine on Depressive Symptomatology by Measuring Change in Score on the Montgomery-Asberg Depressive Rating Scale
NCT02106325 (9) [back to overview]Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham-D)
NCT02106325 (9) [back to overview]Inpatient Treatment Alliance Scale (ITAS)
NCT02106325 (9) [back to overview]Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale Suicide Ideation Item (MADRS-SI)
NCT02106325 (9) [back to overview]Length of Inpatient Stay
NCT02106325 (9) [back to overview]Outpatient Follow-up Compliance
NCT02136420 (5) [back to overview]Yaw Perceptual Motion Threshold
NCT02136420 (5) [back to overview]Roll Perceptual Motion Threshold
NCT02136420 (5) [back to overview]Interaural Perceptual Motion Threshold
NCT02136420 (5) [back to overview]Percent Change in Roll Tilt Perception After Exposure to Hypogravity
NCT02136420 (5) [back to overview]Percent Change in Manual Control Performance After Exposure to Hypogravity
NCT02142712 (2) [back to overview]Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
NCT02142712 (2) [back to overview]National Institutes of Health Stroke Severity (NIHSS) Scale
NCT02188719 (5) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Grade 2 or Higher Hematologic Adverse Events (AEs) of Anemia, Neutropenia, and/or Thrombocytopenia
NCT02188719 (5) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) Attributable to the Donor Alloantigen Reactive Tregs (darTregs) Infusion
NCT02188719 (5) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Infectious Adverse Event(s)
NCT02188719 (5) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Wound Complication(s) Adverse Event(s)
NCT02188719 (5) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Biopsy-Proven Acute and/or Chronic Rejection
NCT02229539 (1) [back to overview]Mean Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Total Pain Reduction
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With a Sustained Complete Response
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Treatment Failure by Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Count of Participants: Frequency of Non-renal Flares by Week 24
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Count of Participants: Frequency of Non-renal Flares by Week 48
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Count of Participants: Frequency of Non-renal Flares by Week 96
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Frequency of Specific Adverse Events of Interest By Event by Week 96
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Frequency of Specific Adverse Events of Interest By Participant, By Week 96
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Hypocomplementemic for Complement Component C3 at Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Hypocomplementemic for Complement Component C4 at Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With a Complete Response at Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an Negative Anti-dsDNA Result at Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With an Overall Response at Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With At Least One Grade 3 or Higher Infectious Adverse Event By Week 24, Week 48 and Week 96
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With B Cell Reconstitution at Week 24, Week 48 and Week 96
NCT02260934 (15) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Grade 4 Hypogammaglobulinemia by Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96
NCT02295280 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adequate Relief of Headache as a Measure of Efficacy
NCT02339155 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate at Indicated Time Points
NCT02339155 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Temperature at Indicated Time Points
NCT02339155 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Any Serious Adverse Event (SAE) and Any Non-serious Adverse Event (AE)
NCT02339155 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Clinical Chemistry Parameters Outside Normal Range
NCT02339155 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hematology Parameters Outside Normal Range
NCT02339155 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Urinalysis Parameters
NCT02339155 (11) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants Who Seroconvert, at Weeks 4, 8, and 26 (Days 29, 57 and 183) After the First AVA Dose, Between the AVA Alone and the AVA With Raxibacumab Treatment Groups
NCT02339155 (11) [back to overview]Ratio of GMC of Anti-PA Ab at Weeks 8 and 26 (Days 57 and 183) After the First AVA Dose, Between the AVA Alone and AVA With Raxibacumab Treatment Groups
NCT02339155 (11) [back to overview]Ratio of Geometric Mean Concentrations (GMC) of Anti-protective Antigen (PA) Antibody (Ab) at 4 Weeks (Day 29) After the First AVA Dose (Prior to the Third AVA Dose), Between the AVA Alone and the AVA With Raxibacumab Treatment Groups
NCT02339155 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Indicated Time Points
NCT02339155 (11) [back to overview]Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at Indicated Time Points
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Mean Percentage Change in Circulating Blood Levels of Cytokines 2 Hours Post-Dose
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With AAT Reduction > 30% From Baseline (First Occurrence)
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Treatment-Emergent Abnormalities in Laboratory Values
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Treatment-Emergent Abnormalities in Vital Signs, Electrocardiograms (ECGs), Pulmonary Function, Physical Findings, and Other Observations
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), or Discontinuations Due to TEAEs
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Percentage Reduction From Baseline of AAT Up to Day 29
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics of ARC-AAT: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From From Zero to Infinity (AUCinf) for the Analytes AD00370 and ARC-MLP (Part A)
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics of ARC-AAT: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to Time 24 Hours (AUC0-24) for the Analytes AD00370 and ARC-MLP (Part A)
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Number of Participants With a Return From Nadir AAT Blood Levels to Above Normal or Within 15% of Baseline in > 100 Days
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics of ARC-AAT: Half-Life (t1/2) for the Analytes AD00370 and ARC-MLP (Part A)
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics of ARC-AAT: Time to Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) for the Analytes AD00370 and ARC-MLP (Part A)
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics of ARC-AAT: Terminal Elimination Rate Constant Obtained From the Slope of the Line (Kel) for the Analytes AD00370 and ARC-MLP (Part A)
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics of ARC-AAT: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for the Analytes AD00370 and ARC-Melittin-Like Peptide (MLP; Part A)
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Mean Percentage Change in Circulating Blood Levels of Complement Factors 2 Hours Post-Dose
NCT02363946 (15) [back to overview]Maximum Percentage Reduction in Mean AAT (Nadir of Mean AAT)
NCT02389829 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved Short Term Headache Relief, Assessed by Telphone Questionnaire
NCT02389829 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Sustained Headache Relief Assessed by Self-evaluation
NCT02389829 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Needing Rescue Medication as Assessed by Questionnaire
NCT02389829 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Achieved Short Term Headache Freedom; Assessed by Telephone Questionnaire
NCT02452528 (1) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), Deaths, and Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT02474199 (8) [back to overview]Proportion of Liver Transplant Recipients Who Are Able to Reduce Calcineurin Inhibitor Dosing by 75 Percent and Discontinue a Second Immunosuppression Drug (if Applicable) With Stable Liver Function Tests (LFTs) for ≥ 12 Weeks
NCT02474199 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving Efficacy Status Post Receipt of a Single Intravenous (IV) Dose of Donor Alloantigen Reactive Regulatory T Cells (darTregs)
NCT02474199 (8) [back to overview]Number of Liver Transplant Recipients Who Experience the Composite Outcome
NCT02474199 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experience at Least One Episode of Biopsy Proven Acute Rejection, Clinical Acute Rejection, or Chronic Rejection
NCT02474199 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Experienced Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Events (AEs) Deemed Attributable to darTreg Infusion
NCT02474199 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Any Malignancy
NCT02474199 (8) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Study Defined Grade 3 or Higher Infections
NCT02474199 (8) [back to overview]Count of Participants by Severity of Biopsy Proven Acute Rejection and/or Chronic Rejection
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Change in eGFR Between Post-transplant Nadir and 24 Months as Measured by CKD-EPI
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Change in eGFR Between Post-transplant Nadir and 24 Months as Measured by MDRD
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Creatinine Reduction Ratio (CRR), Defined as the First Creatinine on Day 2 Divided by he First Creatinine After Surgery
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Creatinine Reduction Ratio (CRR), Defined as the First Creatinine on Day 5 Divided by the First Creatinine After Surgery.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Days From Transplantation Until Event (ACR, AMR, or Hospitalization for Infection and/or Malignancy)
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Duration of Delayed Graft Function (DGF), Defined as Time From Transplantation to the Last Required Dialysis Treatment.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]eGFR Values as Measured by CKD-EPI
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]eGFR Values as Measured by MDRD
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Number of Dialysis Sessions.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants That Required at Least One Dialysis Treatment.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Any Infection Requiring Hospitalization or Resulting in Death.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With BANFF Chronicity Scores > or Equal 2 on the 24 Month Biopsy.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Antibody Mediated Rejection (AMR)
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Antibody Mediated Rejection (AMR).
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Antibody Mediated Rejection AMR or Suspicious for AMR
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Antibody Mediated Rejection AMR or Suspicious for AMR.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Cellular Rejection (BPAR)
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Cellular Rejection (BPAR) or Borderline Rejection
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Cellular Rejection (BPAR) or Borderline Rejection.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Cellular Rejection (BPAR).
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With BK Viremia That Require a Change in Immunosuppression or Anti-viral Treatment as Per Standard of Care at the Site.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With CMV Viremia That Require a Change in Immunosuppression or Anti-viral Treatment as Per Standard of Care at the Site
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With de Novo DSA.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Death or Graft Failure.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Impaired Wound Healing Manifested by Wound Dehiscence, Wound Infection, or Hernia at the Site of the Transplant Incision
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Locally Treated Rejection, Defined as Treatment Administered for Rejection Based on Clinical Signs or Biopsy Findings.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Locally Treated Rejection, Defined as Treatment Administered for Rejection Based on Clinical Signs or Biopsy Findings.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Malignancy.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Mycobacterial or Fungal Infections
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Only Graft Failure.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Percent of Participants With Primary Non-Function (PNF), Defined as Dialysis-dependency for More Than 3 Months.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]The Difference Between the Mean eGFR (Modified MDRD) in the Experimental vs. Control Groups.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]The Percent of Participants Who Need Dialysis After Week 1.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]The Percent of Participants Whose Day 2 Serum CRR Was Less Than 30%.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]The Percent of Participants Whose Day 5 Serum CRR Was Less Than 70%.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]The Percent of Participants With a Serum Creatinine of More Than 3 mg/dL.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Change From Baseline (Immediately After Surgery) in Serum Creatinine.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]eGFR Values as Measured by CKD-EPI
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]eGFR Values as Measured by MDRD
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]BANFF Grades of First AMR.
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Change in eGFR Between 3 Months and 24 Months as Measured by CKD-EPI
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Change in eGFR Between 3 Months and 24 Months as Measured by MDRD
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Change in eGFR Between 6 Months and 24 Months as Measured by CKD-EPI
NCT02495077 (44) [back to overview]Change in eGFR Between 6 Months and 24 Months as Measured by MDRD
NCT02535416 (9) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Half-Life (t1/2) of the Analytes of ARC-520
NCT02535416 (9) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Clearance (CL) of the Analytes of ARC-520
NCT02535416 (9) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to the Last Quantifiable Plasma Concentration (AUClast) of the Analytes of ARC-520
NCT02535416 (9) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Zero to 24 Hours (AUC0-24) of the Analytes of ARC-520
NCT02535416 (9) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Zero Extrapolated to Infinity (AUCinf) of the Analytes of ARC-520
NCT02535416 (9) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Apparent Volume of Distribution (V) of the Analytes of ARC-520
NCT02535416 (9) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
NCT02535416 (9) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (Lambda z) of the Analytes of ARC-520
NCT02535416 (9) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of the Analytes of ARC-520
NCT02578186 (1) [back to overview]Mean Latency to Persistent Sleep
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]PONV Incidence: Number of Participants With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]The Number of Prophylactic Interventions for PONV
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]Time to Discharge From the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)
NCT02625181 (4) [back to overview]Adherence to PONV Guidelines
NCT02635828 (2) [back to overview]Incidence of Subjects Significant QTc Changes in the EKG
NCT02635828 (2) [back to overview]PONV Incidence
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Suicidal Ideation
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]Number of Participants Endorsing a Single Item That Assesses Stimulant Use
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]Number of Participants Endorsing a Single Item That Assesses Opioid Use
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]Number of Participants Endorsing a Single Item That Assesses Marijuana Use
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]Brief Pain Inventory
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]Cognitive Impairment Scale
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]SF-36 Quality of Life
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]TSOS Patient Satisfaction: Overall Health Care
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]TSOS Patient Satisfaction: Mental Health Care
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline PTSD Checklist- Civilian (PCL-C) Over the Course of the Year After Injury
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Over the Course of the Year After Injury
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline Patient Health Questionnaire 9 Item Depression Scale Over the Course of the Year After Injury
NCT02655354 (13) [back to overview]Change From Baseline Short Form (SF)-12/36 Physical Function Over the Course of the Year After Injury
NCT02657031 (5) [back to overview]The Number of Patients Experiencing Restlessness
NCT02657031 (5) [back to overview]Nausea
NCT02657031 (5) [back to overview]Headache Following Intervention
NCT02657031 (5) [back to overview]Anxiety
NCT02657031 (5) [back to overview]The Number of Participants Experiencing Vomiting
NCT02765256 (4) [back to overview]Safety and Tolerability of the Treatment Regimen Based on Medication Side Effects and/or Adverse Events (AEs).
NCT02765256 (4) [back to overview]The Change in High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP)
NCT02765256 (4) [back to overview]Change in Disease Activity by Harvey Bradshaw Index
NCT02765256 (4) [back to overview]Change in Disease Activity by Fecal Calprotectin (FCP)
NCT02935699 (4) [back to overview]Patient Sedation Scores
NCT02935699 (4) [back to overview]Number of Patients Who Needed to Return to Treatment Center
NCT02935699 (4) [back to overview]Change of Patient Rated Pruritus Score
NCT02935699 (4) [back to overview]Time to Discharge
NCT02972502 (1) [back to overview]Change in Pain Score According to the Numeric Pain Intensity Scale
NCT02999633 (1) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Objective Response
NCT03056352 (3) [back to overview]Post Concussion Symptoms Assessed by Post-concussive Symptom Scale
NCT03056352 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Sustained Headache Relief
NCT03056352 (3) [back to overview]Number of Participants Satisfied With Medication; Assessed by Self-evaluation
NCT03220958 (3) [back to overview]0-10 Pain Scale on Which 0 = no Pain and 10= the Worst Pain Imaginable
NCT03220958 (3) [back to overview]Headache Days
NCT03220958 (3) [back to overview]Sustained Headache Relief
NCT03258593 (11) [back to overview]Change in Programmed Death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) Levels Between Responders and Non-Responders
NCT03258593 (11) [back to overview]Changes in the Immune Parameters Obtained From Blood Samples
NCT03258593 (11) [back to overview]Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT)
NCT03258593 (11) [back to overview]Number of Grades 1-5 Adverse Events
NCT03258593 (11) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Urine Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Vicineum
NCT03258593 (11) [back to overview]Response Rate
NCT03258593 (11) [back to overview]Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Durvalumab
NCT03258593 (11) [back to overview]Disease Free Survival (DFS)
NCT03258593 (11) [back to overview]Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Vicineum
NCT03258593 (11) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Serious and/or Non-serious Adverse Events Assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0)
NCT03258593 (11) [back to overview]Change in Programmed Death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) Levels Between Participants Who Respond and Have Stable Disease (SD), and Those With Progressive Disease (PD)
NCT03322358 (12) [back to overview]Attention
NCT03322358 (12) [back to overview]Inhibitory Control
NCT03322358 (12) [back to overview]Depression
NCT03322358 (12) [back to overview]Blood Pressure
NCT03322358 (12) [back to overview]Activities of Daily Living
NCT03322358 (12) [back to overview]Memory
NCT03322358 (12) [back to overview]Number of Days of Illness in Past Week
NCT03322358 (12) [back to overview]Physical Fitness
NCT03322358 (12) [back to overview]Self-reported Pain
NCT03322358 (12) [back to overview]Sleep Per 24 Hours
NCT03322358 (12) [back to overview]Subjective Well-being
NCT03322358 (12) [back to overview]Happiness
NCT03435692 (6) [back to overview]Total Perioperative Morphine Equivalents
NCT03435692 (6) [back to overview]Nausea
NCT03435692 (6) [back to overview]Muscle Spasm
NCT03435692 (6) [back to overview]Maximum Pain Score
NCT03435692 (6) [back to overview]Itching
NCT03435692 (6) [back to overview]Hospital Length of Stay
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Simulated Driving Performance in Healthy Participants as Measured by Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) Using the Cognitive Research Corporation Driving Simulator-MiniSim (CRCDS-MiniSim)
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Number of Correct Responses in Driving Performance Using CogScreen Symbol Digit Coding (SDC) Test
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Simulated Driving Performance in Healthy Participants as Measured by Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) Using the Cognitive Research Corporation Driving Simulator-MiniSim (CRCDS-MiniSim)
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Number of Correct Responses in Driving Performance Using CogScreen Symbol Digit Coding (SDC) Test
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Number of Correct Responses in Driving Performance Using CogScreen Symbol Digit Coding (SDC) Test
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Cmax) of Lasmiditan
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]PK: Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) of Lasmiditan to the Last Timepoint (0-tlast)
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Score
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Score
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Score
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Simulated Driving Performance in Healthy Participants as Measured by Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) Using the Cognitive Research Corporation Driving Simulator-MiniSim (CRCDS-MiniSim)
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Total Number of Collisions
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Total Number of Collisions
NCT03459612 (14) [back to overview]Total Number of Collisions
NCT03639558 (4) [back to overview]Time Patient Was Placed in Straitjacket/Restraint Post Intervention Treatment
NCT03639558 (4) [back to overview]Time Taken for Patient to Fall Asleep Post Intervention
NCT03639558 (4) [back to overview]Number of Participants According to the Time Taken for Aggressive Behaviour to Change to Calm and Tranquil
NCT03639558 (4) [back to overview]Time Noted Where Important Adverse Effects Occurred Post Intervention
NCT03805932 (6) [back to overview]Recommended Safe Dose of Moxetumomab Pasudotox-tdfk
NCT03805932 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Serious and/or Non-serious Adverse Events Assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0)
NCT03805932 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants With a Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT)
NCT03805932 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Whose Cancer Shrinks or Disappears After Treatment
NCT03805932 (6) [back to overview]Number of Participants Who Are Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)-Free
NCT03805932 (6) [back to overview]Recommended Safe Dose of Rituximab/Ruxience
NCT04189588 (3) [back to overview]Patient Sedation Scores at 1 Hour and 2 Hours Post-injection of Antihistamine (IV Cetirizine HCl or IV Diphenhydramine) and at Discharge.
NCT04189588 (3) [back to overview]Number of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Treatment With an Anti-CD20 Antibody or Paclitaxel
NCT04189588 (3) [back to overview]"Time From Injection to Readiness for Discharge"
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Number of Participants Achieving Target cPRA
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Graft Survival at 6 Months Post-Transplant
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Percentage of Participants With Response
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Pharmacokinetics (PK) Parameters: Concentration Observed at the End of First Intravenous Infusion (Ceoi) of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]PK Parameters: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to 168 Hours Over the Dosing Interval (AUC0-168 Hours) After First Infusion of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), and Treatment-Emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs)
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]PK Parameters: Maximum Concentration Observed (Cmax) After the First Infusion of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]PK Parameters: Time of Clast (Tlast) After First Infusion of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]PK Parameters: Time Taken to Reach Cmax (Tmax) After the First Infusion of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Renal Function Abnormalities
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]PK Parameters: Trough Plasma Concentrations (Ctrough) of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Time to First Transplant Offer
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Time to Transplant
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Electrolytes Parameters
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Abnormal Metabolism Parameters
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Anti-drug Antibodies (ADA) Against Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]PK Parameters: Last Concentration Observed Above the Lower Limit of Quantification (Clast) After the First Infusion of Isatuximab
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-Antibody Reduction
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Hematological Abnormalities
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Liver Function Abnormalities
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Duration for Achieving Target cPRA
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Number of Kidney Transplant Offers
NCT04294459 (23) [back to overview]Duration of Response (DOR)
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants Positive for Anti-rHuPH20 Antibodies
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants Positive for Anti-drug Antibodies (ADAs) to Rituximab
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]Maximum Observed Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Rituximab
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Rituximab
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]Subcutaneous Serum Rituximab Trough Concentration (Ctrough SC) and Intravenous Serum Rituximab Trough Concentration (Ctrough IV)
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]Observed SC and IV Rituximab Area Under the Curve (AUCsc and AUCiv)
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Rituximab Administration-related Reactions (ARRs)
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]CRR, as Determined by IRC Using International Working Group (IWG) Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) 1999 Guidelines
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]Complete Response Rate (CRR) as Determined by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) Using Lugano Response Criteria (LRC) for Malignant Lymphoma
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]Trough Serum Concentration (Ctrough) of Rituximab
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Rituximab
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]Objective Response Rate (ORR), Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR), as Determined by Investigator and IRC Using Lugano Response Criteria (LRC) for Malignant Lymphoma
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
NCT04660799 (14) [back to overview]CRR, as Determined by the Investigator Using Lugano Response Criteria for Malignant Lymphoma

Number of Participants With Adverse Events

Here is the number of participants with adverse events. For the detailed list of adverse events see the adverse event module. (NCT00030992)
Timeframe: 10 years

InterventionParticipants (Number)
BMS-24755099

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Response Rate

Response rate is the percentage of participants with a response assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Complete response (CR) is disappearance of all target lesions, Partial response (PR) is at least a 30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter (LD) of target lesions,progressive disease (PD) is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the LD of target lesions or the appearance of one or more new lesions, stable disease (SD) is neither sufficient shrinkage to qualify for PR nor sufficient increase to qualify for PD. (NCT00030992)
Timeframe: 6 weeks

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Complete responsePartial ResponseProgressive diseaseStable disease
BMS-24755019.412.676.8

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events

Here is the number of participants with adverse events. For a detailed list of adverse events, see the adverse event module. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: 18 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Autologous HSCT in SLE8

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Relapse-free Complete Clinical Response

Complete clinical response is defined as complete clinical response in the target organ and no clinical signs of active lupus as determined by a Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score of ≤3; prednisone ≤10mg/day at 6 months and ≤5mg/day at 12 months or later. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: 60 months

InterventionMonths (Median)
Autologous HSCT in SLE54

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Absolute Lymphocyte Count

The absolute lymphocyte count test was performed to investigate immunological efficacy and mechanisms of response after lymphodepleting auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplant for systemic lupus erythematosus. Range of normal values is 0.45-4.9 K/uL. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day -7, day 0, 1 3, and 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, 2 years and 3 years.

InterventionK/uL (Mean)
Day -7Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year18 months2 years3 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE0.540.00650.420.530.821.751.81.81.75

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Absolute Neutrophil Count

The absolute neutrophil count test was performed to investigate immunological efficacy and mechanisms of response after lymphodepleting auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplant for systemic lupus erythematosus. Range of normal values is 1.29-7.5 K/uL. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day -7, day 0, 1 3, and 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, 2 years and 3 years.

InterventionK/uL (Mean)
Day -7Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year18 months2 years3 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE5.660.459.112.722.783.442.724.043.77

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Anti-Double Stranded Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Antibody

Anti-Double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid antibody is a well accepted biological clinical laboratory marker especially specific for systemic lupus. Range of normal values is 0-24 IU. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day -7, day 0, 1 3, and 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, 2 years and 3 years.

InterventionIU (Mean)
Day -7Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year18 months2 years3 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE17.38.80000000

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Anti-Nuclear Antibody

Anti-Nuclear antibody is a well accepted biological clinical laboratory marker of systemic lupus. Range of normal values is 0-0.9 EU. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day -7, day 0, 1 3, and 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, 2 years and 3 years.

InterventionEU (Mean)
Day -7Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year18 months2 years3 years 9
Autologous HSCT in SLE5.44.73.73.22.72.62.82.52.5

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Anti-Smith-Ribonuclear Protein Antibody

Anti-Smith-Ribonuclear protein antibody is a well accepted biological clinical laboratory marker of systemic lupus.Range of normal values is 0-19 EU. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day -7, day 0, 1 3, and 6 months, 1 year, 18 months and 2 years.

InterventionEU (Mean)
Day -7Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year18 months2 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE4951.631.529.828.52016.6725.67

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Cluster of Differentiation 19 (CD19) + Cells

The CD19 + Cells test was performed to investigate immunological efficacy and mechanisms of response after lymphodepleting auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplant for systemic lupus erythematosus. Range of normal values is 47-409 u/L. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day 0, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years.

Interventioncells/mL^3 (Mean)
Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year3 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE0.010.236.745.32142.69246.83

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Cluster of Differentiation 3 (CD3) + Cells

The CD3+Cells test was performed to investigate immunological efficacy and mechanisms of response after lymphodepleting auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplant for systemic lupus erythematosus. Range of normal values is 650-2108 uL. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day 0, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years.

Interventioncells/mL^3 (Mean)
Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year2 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE2.99239.47435.97699.471493.291678.76

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Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) + Cells

The CD4 + Cells test was performed to investigate immunological efficacy and mechanisms of response after lymphodepleting auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplant for systemic lupus erythematosus. Range of normal values is 358-1259 uL. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day 0, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years.

Interventioncells/mL^3 (Mean)
Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year2 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE2.58103.37112.8316.25702.87958.03

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Cluster of Differentiation 8 (CD8) + Cells

The CD8 + Cells test was performed to investigate immunological efficacy and mechanisms of response after lymphodepleting auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplant for systemic lupus erythematosus. Range of normal values is 194-836 u/L. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day 0, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years.

Interventioncells/mL^3 (Mean)
Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year2 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE0.34138.68318.47334.91736.67674.69

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Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA)

Extractable nuclear antigen is a well accepted biological clinical laboratory marker of systemic lupus. Range of normal values is 0-19. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day -7, day 0, 1 3, and 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, 2 years and 3 years.

InterventionEU (Mean)
Day -7Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year18 months2 years3 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE66.964.861.558.551.357.260.650.626.3

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Natural Killer Cells

The natural killer cells test was performed to investigate immunological efficacy and mechanisms of response after lymphodepleting auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplant for systemic lupus erythematosus. Range of normal values is 87-505 uL. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day 0, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years.

Interventioncells/mL^3 (Mean)
Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year3 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE0.03117.06116.57123.18158.9115.18

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Platelet Count

The platelet count test was performed to investigate immunological efficacy and mechanisms of response after lymphodepleting auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplant for systemic lupus erythematosus. Range of normal values is 162-380 K/uL. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day -7, day 0, 1 3, and 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, 2 years and 3 years.

InterventionK/uL (Mean)
Day -7Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year18 months2 years3 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE251113166187170226210308272

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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)

The SLEDAI activity index test was performed to investigate immunological efficacy and mechanisms of response after lymphodepleting auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplant for systemic lupus erythematosus. Complete clinical response is defined as complete clinical response in the target organ and no clinical signs of active lupus as determined by a SLEDAI score of ≤3; partial response is at least 50% improvement in general disease activity as measured by SLEDAI. Remission is a SLEDAI score <3 and prednisone <10mg/day. 6+ indicates active disease requiring therapy. A score of 0 indicates a better outcome and a score greater then 6+ indicates a worse outcome. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day -7, day 0, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, 2 years and 3 years.

Interventionscores on a scale. (Mean)
Day -7Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year18 months2 years3 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE4.254.133.631.600000

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White Blood Cells

The white blood cell test was performed to investigate immunological efficacy and mechanisms of response after lymphodepleting auto-hematopoietic stem cell transplant for systemic lupus erythematosus. Range of normal values is 3.4-9.6 K/uL. (NCT00076752)
Timeframe: Day -7, day 0, 1 3, and 6 months, 1 year, 18 months, 2 years and 3 years.

InterventionK/uL (Mean)
Day -7Day 01 month3 months6 months1 year18 months2 years3 years
Autologous HSCT in SLE6.890.4710.323.844.215.815.247.176.34

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Number of Severe Acute Rejections Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

"Participants who experienced severe acute rejections[1] during study~Severe acute rejection is defined as that which requires treatment with anti-lymphocyte antibody or is histologically evaluated as Type IIA or greater using the Banff 1997 criteria[2]~Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to severe acute rejection (up to four years post-transplantation)

InterventionRejection Events (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)0
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)0

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Graft Loss Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

"Participants who experienced graft loss[1] during study~[1]Graft loss is defined as the institution of chronic dialysis (at least 6 consecutive weeks, excluding participants with delayed graft function), transplant nephrectomy, or retransplantation" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to Graft Loss (up to four years post-transplantation)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)0
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)0

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Number of Participants Requiring Anti-lymphocyte Therapy for an Acute Rejection, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

"Participants who experienced acute rejection[1] during study which required anti-lymphocyte (OKT3, ATG) therapy~1] Acute rejection is defined as a biopsy-prove rejection: a renal biopsy demonstrates acute cellular or humoral rejection of Banff[2] Grade 1B or greater; or presumed rejection in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection, the participant is treated for an unexplained 20% increase in serum creatinine.~[2] Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to acute rejection (up to four years post-transplantation)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)0
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)0

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Number of Alemtuzumab Associated Adverse Events, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

(NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

Interventionadverse events (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)2
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)8

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Number of Acute Rejections in All Enrolled Participants Following Sirolimus Withdrawal

"Following sirolimus withdrawal, the number of acute rejections[1] in all enrolled participants~1] Acute rejection is defined as a biopsy-proven rejection: a renal biopsy demonstrates acute cellular or humoral rejection of Banff[2] Grade 1B or greater; or presumed rejection in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection, the participant is treated for an unexplained 20% increase in serum creatinine.~[2] Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

InterventionRejection Events (Number)
Alemtuzumab0

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Number of Acute Rejections in All Enrolled Participants

"Number of acute rejections[1] in all enrolled subjects from the time of transplantation to the end of the trial (four years post-transplant)~Acute rejection is defined as a biopsy-proven rejection: a renal biopsy demonstrates acute cellular or humoral rejection of Banff[2] Grade 1B or greater; or presumed rejection in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection, the participant is treated for an unexplained 20% increase in serum creatinine.~Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Four years post-transplant

InterventionRejection Events (Number)
Alemtuzumab1

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Number of Acute Rejections Between Initiation of Sirolimus Withdrawal and End of Study

"Acute rejections[1] between initiation of sirolimus withdrawal and end of study~1] Acute rejection is defined as a biopsy-proven rejection: a renal biopsy demonstrates acute cellular or humoral rejection of Banff[2] Grade 1B or greater; or presumed rejection in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection, the participant is treated for an unexplained 20% increase in serum creatinine.~[2] Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Initiation of sirolimus to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

InterventionRejection Events (Number)
Alemtuzumab0

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Change in Renal Function as Measured by Serum Creatinine, Stratified by Withdrawal Status

Mean change from transplantation to Month 48 in serum creatinine. Normal serum creatinine range is from 0.7 - 1.4 mg/dL. In a transplant population, starting serum creatinine is higher than normal range. A negative change indicates better renal function (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)-4.2
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)-5.4

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Time From Transplantation to Acute Rejection in Participants for Whom Acute Rejection Occurred During the 1 Year Post-transplant Period

"Time (days) to acute rejection[1] for participants occurring during the year following transplantation~1] Acute rejection is defined as a biopsy-proven rejection: a renal biopsy demonstrates acute cellular or humoral rejection of Banff[2] Grade 1B or greater; or presumed rejection in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection, the participant is treated for an unexplained 20% increase in serum creatinine.~[2] Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to acute rejection (up to one year post-transplant)

InterventionDays (Number)
Alemtuzumab274

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Number of Deaths Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

Participants who died during the study, all cause(s) (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to Death (up to four years post-transplant)

Interventiondeaths (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)0
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)0

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Time From Transplantation to Acute Rejection in Participants for Whom Sirolimus Withdrawal Was Not Initiated

"Time (days) to acute rejection[1] for participants where sirolimus was not initiated~1] Acute rejection is defined as a biopsy-proven rejection: a renal biopsy demonstrates acute cellular or humoral rejection of Banff[2] Grade 1B or greater; or presumed rejection in the absence of biopsy-proven rejection, the participant is treated for an unexplained 20% increase in serum creatinine.~[2] Reference: Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB et al,The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int,55: 713-723, 1999" (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to acute rejection (up to four years post-transplantation)

InterventionDays (Number)
Alemtuzumab274

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Number of Tacrolimus Associated Adverse Events, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

(NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

Interventionadverse events (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)0
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)2

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Number of Sirolimus Associated Adverse Events, Stratified by Sirolimus Withdrawal Status

(NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

Interventionadverse events (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)2
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)7

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Number of Side Effects of Conventional Immunosuppression, Stratified by Withdrawal Status

Side effects of conventional immunosuppression include increased body weight and hypertension (NCT00078559)
Timeframe: Transplantation to end of study (up to four years post-transplant)

Interventionside effects (Number)
Alemtuzumab (Withdrawn From Sirolimus)2
Alemtuzumab (Not Withdrawn From Sirolimus)6

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Change in SLE Expanded Health Survey Physical Function Score From Baseline

Short Form (36) with additional questions specific to lupus (scale = 0-100; with 100 representing the highest level of functioning possible) to measure the ability of rituximab to improve quality of life. A positive value for this outcome measure indicates that symptoms have improved. (NCT00137969)
Timeframe: From baseline to 52 weeks

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Rituximab 1000 mg + Prednisone8.2
Placebo + Prednisone4.1

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Number of Participants Who Achieved a Major Clinical Response (MCR), Partial Clinical Response (PCR), or Nonclinical Response (NCR) Defined by British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Scores Over The 52-week Treatment Period

The BILAG Index measures clinical disease activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity for each of the 8 domains. The global BILAG score is the sum of a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0) over 8 domains. MCR = participants who achieved BILAG C scores or better at 24 weeks, maintained this response without developing a flare to 52 weeks, and did not experience a severe flare from Day 1 to Week 24; PCR = participants who achieved BILAG C score or better at 24 wks and maintained response without a flare for 16 consecutive weeks, or maximum of one BILAG B score at 24 weeks and maintained response without a flare to 52 wks, or maximum of 2 BILAG B scores at 24 wks without development of BILAG scores of A or B until Week 52 if the baseline BILAG score was 1A+>=2Bs, or>=2 As, or>=4 Bs, or participants who enrolled with scores of severe disease and did not achieve a single BILAG B at Month 6. (NCT00137969)
Timeframe: From baseline to 52 weeks

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
MCR (excluding PCR)PCRNonclinical Response (NCR)
Placebo + Prednisone141163
Rituximab 1000 mg + Prednisone2129119

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Time-adjusted Area Under The Curve Minus Baseline (AUCMB) of BILAG Score Over The 52-week Treatment Period

The BILAG Index measures clinical disease activity in SLE. A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity for each of the 8 domains. The global BILAG score is the sum of a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0) over 8 domains. The AUCMB of BILAG Score Over 52 Weeks was calculated as: 1. Calculate the AUC of the BILAG global score versus time (in days) by 52 weeks. 2. Calculate the Time-Adjusted AUC by dividing the AUC by the number of days a patient was on the study. 3. Minus the Time-Adjusted AUC by the baseline BILAG global score (NCT00137969)
Timeframe: From baseline to 52 weeks

InterventionBILAG score unit (Mean)
Rituximab 1000 mg + Prednisone-5.8
Placebo + Prednisone-5.9

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Time to First Moderate or Severe Flare

The BILAG Index measures clinical disease activity in SLE. A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity for each of the 8 domains. The global BILAG score is the sum of a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0) over 8 domains. A severe flare = participants had BILAG A score(s) present in one or more domains or BILAG B scores present in three or more domains at the same visit following a visit of inactive disease state defined above. A moderate flare = participants had only BILAG B scores present in two domains at the same visit following a visit of inactive disease state. (NCT00137969)
Timeframe: 52 weeks

Interventiondays (Median)
Rituximab 1000 mg + Prednisone112.0
Placebo + Prednisone126.0

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Number of Participants Who Achieved an MCR in The ITT Population

The BILAG Index measures clinical disease activity in SLE. A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity for each of the 8 domains. The global BILAG score is the sum of a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0) over 8 domains. MCR = participants who achieved BILAG C scores or better at 24 weeks, maintained this response without developing a flare to 52 weeks, and did not experience a severe flare from Day 1 to Week 24. (NCT00137969)
Timeframe: From Weeks 24 to 52

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Rituximab 1000 mg + Prednisone14
Placebo + Prednisone9

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Number of Participants Who Achieved an MCR (Excluding PCR)

The BILAG Index measures clinical disease activity in SLE. A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity for each of the 8 domains. The global BILAG score is the sum of a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0) over 8 domains. MCR = participants who achieved BILAG C scores or better at 24 weeks, maintained this response without developing a flare to 52 weeks, and did not experience a severe flare from Day 1 to Week 24. PCR = participants who achieved BILAG C score or better at 24 wks and maintained response without a flare for 16 consecutive weeks, or maximum of one BILAG B score at 24 weeks and maintained response without a flare to 52 wks, or maximum of 2 BILAG B scores at 24 wks without development of BILAG scores of A or B until Week 52 if the baseline BILAG score was 1A+>=2Bs, or>=2 As, or>=4 Bs, or participants who enrolled with scores of severe disease and did not achieve a single BILAG B at Month 6. (NCT00137969)
Timeframe: From baseline to 52 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Rituximab 1000 mg + Prednisone21
Placebo + Prednisone14

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Number of Participants Who Achieved a PCR (Including MCR)

The BILAG Index measures clinical disease activity in SLE. A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity for each of the 8 domains. The global BILAG score is the sum of a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0) over 8 domains. PCR = participants who achieved BILAG C score or better at 24 wks and maintained response without a flare for 16 consecutive weeks, or maximum of one BILAG B score at 24 weeks and maintained response without a flare to 52 wks, or maximum of 2 BILAG B scores at 24 wks without development of BILAG scores of A or B until Week 52 if the baseline BILAG score was 1A+>=2Bs, or>=2 As, or>=4 Bs, or participants who enrolled with scores of severe disease and did not achieve a single BILAG B at Month 6. MCR = participants who achieved BILAG C or better at 24 weeks, maintained this response without developing a flare to 52 weeks, and did not experience a severe flare from Day 1 to Week 24. (NCT00137969)
Timeframe: From baseline to 52 Weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Rituximab 1000 mg + Prednisone50
Placebo + Prednisone25

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Number of Participants Who Achieved a BILAG C or Better in All Domains

The BILAG Index measures clinical disease activity in SLE. A single alphabetic score (A through E) is used to denote disease severity for each of the 8 domains. The global BILAG score is the sum of a converted numerical score (A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, E=0) over 8 domains. (NCT00137969)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Rituximab 1000 mg + Prednisone42
Placebo + Prednisone24

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Mortality

Number of participants who died within 100 days and within 1 year, non-relapse and associated with relapse. (NCT00186628)
Timeframe: Day 100 and 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Mortality within 100 days, all causesNonrelapse mortality within 1 yearRelapse + mortality within 1 year
Prophylactic Rituximab012

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Overall Survival

(NCT00186628)
Timeframe: 4 years

InterventionPercentage of participants by disease (Number)
Prophylactic Rituximab (CLL Patients)73
Prophylactic Rituximab (MCL Patients)69

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Incidence of Relapse

Subjects who Relapsed following after Allogeneic HSCT (NCT00186628)
Timeframe: 4 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Prophylactic Rituximab18

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Chronic Graft-vs-Host Disease (cGvHD)

The cumulative percentage of participants who develop chronic graft-vs-host disease (cGvHD). Chronic cGvHD was defined as at least one instance of a clinically-accepted marker for cGvHD (see Filipovich, et al. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2005;11:945-955) (NCT00186628)
Timeframe: 4 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Prophylactic Rituximab20

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Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) - Number of Participants Affected

Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) is the measure used to establish overall Maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of cetuximab + capecitabine + radiotherapy +/- oxaliplatin. MTD is defined as the highest dose level for which participants have a < 30% incidence of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). The outcome is expressed as the number of participants experiencing a DLT. (NCT00226941)
Timeframe: 10 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 1 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-1004
Group 2 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-700 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-852
Group A - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT0
Group B - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-1000 + XRT0

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Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) - Number of DLTs by Treatment Group

Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT) is the measure used to establish overall Maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of cetuximab + capecitabine + radiotherapy +/- oxaliplatin. MTD is defined as the highest dose level for which participants have a < 30% incidence of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). The outcome is expressed as the number of DLTs by treatment group. (NCT00226941)
Timeframe: 10 weeks

InterventionDLTs (Number)
Group 1 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-10010
Group 2 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-700 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-852
Group A - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT0
Group B - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-1000 + XRT0

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Overall Survival (OS)

Overall Survival (OS) was assessed as the mean survival from the date of entry on study though 72 months. (NCT00226941)
Timeframe: 72 months

Interventionmonths (Mean)
Group 1 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-10059.7
Group 2 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-700 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-8557.0
Group A - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT54.4
Group B - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-1000 + XRT53.7

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Tumor Downstaging at Surgical Resection

Downstaging means a reduction from the stage of disease observed at baseline to the stage of disease after treatment with cetuximab, radiotherapy, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine, as determined at the time of surgical removal of the tumor. Downstaging may be observed as improvements in tumor staging at the primary site of the tumor; in nearby (regional) lymph nodes; or in metastatic disease beyond the regional lymph nodes. This outcome specifically does not include participants that achieved a complete response, nor those that experienced no response or disease progression. (NCT00226941)
Timeframe: 12 to 14 weeks after radiotherapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 1 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-1004
Group 2 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-700 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-855
Group A - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT3
Group B - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-1000 + XRT5

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Time-to-Progression (TTP)

Time-to-progression was assessed as the time from the date of surgical resection to the appearance of either local disease recurrence or distant metastases by any modality (eg, clinical exam, endoscopy, radiographic imaging). All relapses were to be confirmed by biopsy and pathology review. (NCT00226941)
Timeframe: 5 years

Interventionyears (Median)
Group 1 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-1001.4
Group A - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT3.0
Group B - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-1000 + XRT3.9

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Survival at 5 Years

Survival at 5 years was assessed as the number of participants alive 5 years after starting treatment. (NCT00226941)
Timeframe: 5 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 1 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-1005
Group 2 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-700 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-854
Group A - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT3
Group B - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT3

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Pathologic Response Rate

After treatment with capecitabine, cetuximab, radiotherapy, and oxaliplatin, the pathologic response rate was assessed based on the excised tumor taken at the time of surgical resection. Pathologic response rate was determined as the number and proportion of participants who experienced either downstaging of their disease, or complete response (CR, no detectable disease). A participant will be considered to have downstaging of the tumor as a result of the neoadjuvant therapy when the primary tumor (T) stage by pathology isless than the T stage by clinical (endoscopic) evaluation, or when the regional lymph node (N) tumor stage by pathology is less than the N stage by clinical (endoscopic) evaluation. (NCT00226941)
Timeframe: 12 to 14 weeks after radiotherapy

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Group 1 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-1004
Group 2 - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-700 + XRT + Oxaliplatin-855
Group A - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-800 + XRT3
Group B - Cetuximab + Capecitabine-1000 + XRT5

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Change From Baseline in Anti-double-stranded DNA at Week 52

(NCT00282347)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

InterventionIU/mL (Mean)
Rituximab0.45
Placebo1.06

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Change From Baseline in the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Expanded Health Survey Physical Function Score at Week 52

The systemic lupus erythematosus Expanded Health Survey is based on the Short Form 36 Health survey with additional questions specific to lupus. The physical function component score of the survey can range from 0-100. A higher score indicates better health. A positive change score indicates improvement. (NCT00282347)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Rituximab4.8
Placebo5.7

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Renal Response at Week 24 and Maintained it to Week 52

A participant had a complete renal response if they met the following 3 criteria: (1) Normalization of serum creatinine as evidenced by a serum creatinine level ≤ the upper limit of the normal range of central laboratory values or a serum creatinine level ≤ 15% greater than Baseline, if Baseline serum creatinine was within the normal range of the central laboratory values; (2) Inactive urinary sediment (as evidenced by < 5 red blood cells/high-power field and absence of red cell casts; (3) Urinary protein to creatinine ratio < 0.5. (NCT00282347)
Timeframe: Week 24 to Week 52

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab1.4
Placebo6.9

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Renal Response at Week 52

A participant had a complete renal response if they met the following 3 criteria: (1) Normalization of serum creatinine as evidenced by a serum creatinine level ≤ the upper limit of the normal range of central laboratory values or a serum creatinine level ≤ 15% greater than Baseline, if Baseline serum creatinine was within the normal range of the central laboratory values; (2) Inactive urinary sediment (as evidenced by < 5 red blood cells/high-power field and absence of red cell casts; (3) Urinary protein to creatinine ratio < 0.5. (NCT00282347)
Timeframe: Week 52

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab26.4
Placebo30.6

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Percentage of Participants With a Baseline Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio of > 3.0 Who Achieved a Urine Protein to Creatinine Ratio of < 1.0 at Week 52

(NCT00282347)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab47.4
Placebo53.7

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British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Index Score Over 52 Weeks

The BILAG Index assesses 86 clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory measures of systemic lupus erythematosus in 8 organ system domains: General, mucocutaneous, neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, vasculitis, renal, and hematologic. Most of the 86 items are rated on the following scale: 0=Not present, 1=Improving, 2=Same, 3=Worse, 4=New. Some items are rated as either Yes or No. A single alphabetic score of A (very active) through E (not or never active) for each of the 8 domains is determined from the rating of the individual items in each domain. The total BILAG score is the sum of the scores of the 8 domains where A=9, B=3, C=1, D=0, and E=0. The total score ranges from 0 to 72 with a higher score indicating greater lupus activity. To calculate a BILAG score over the 52 week treatment period of the study, the area under the response-time curve of BILAG scores assessed every 4 weeks was divided by the number of days in the time curve minus the Baseline BILAG score. (NCT00282347)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Rituximab-8.49
Placebo-8.58

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Change From Baseline in C3 and C4 Complement Levels at Week 52

(NCT00282347)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
C3 ComplementC4 Complement
Placebo25.96.6
Rituximab37.59.9

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Percentage of Participants Who Achieved a Complete Renal Response (CRR), a Partial Renal Response (PRR), or no Renal Response (NRR) at Week 52

A participant had a CRR if they met the following 3 criteria: (1) Normalization of serum creatinine (SC) as evidenced by a SC level ≤ the upper limit of the normal range of central laboratory values or a SC level ≤ 15% greater than Baseline, if Baseline SC was within the normal range of the central laboratory values; (2) Inactive urinary sediment (as evidenced by < 5 red blood cells/high-power field (RBCs/HPF) and absence of red cell casts; (3) Urinary protein (UP) to creatinine ratio (CR) < 0.5. A participant had a PRR if they met the following 3 criteria: (1) A SC level ≤ 15% above Baseline; (2) RBCs/HPF ≤ 50% above Baseline and no RBC casts; (3) 50% improvement in the UP to CR, with 1 of the following conditions met: If the Baseline UP to CR was ≤ 3.0, then a UP to CR of < 1.0 or if the Baseline UP to CR was > 3.0, then a UP to CR of ≤ 3.0. A participant had a NRR if they did not achieve either a CRR or PRR. (NCT00282347)
Timeframe: Week 52

,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
CRRPRRNRR
Placebo30.615.354.2
Rituximab26.430.643.1

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Time to Achieve a Complete Renal Response

(NCT00282347)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 52

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Rituximab11.99
Placebo12.12

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Percentage of Participants With at Least 1 Serious Adverse Event

A serious adverse event is defined as an adverse event that results in death, is life threatening, requires hospitalization, results in significant disability, results in birth defect, or is considered a significant medical event by the investigator. (NCT00381810)
Timeframe: Baseline to the end of the study (up to 52 weeks)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab 1000 mg35.5

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Proportion of Patients Requiring Rescue Medication for Breakthrough Nausea or Emesis After Completion of the First Course of Emetogenic Chemotherapy

CINV will be determined based on the number of rescue medications used during the 3 days following completion of chemotherapy cycle. Rescue medication is any medication administered by the treating team to control breakthrough nausea or emesis. Rescue medications were used to treat any patient who has enough symptoms requiring additional therapy. All patients were instructed to first use the push button on the pump. On-demand administration of study agent via the patient-controlled infusion pump will not be considered rescue therapy - it is part of the antiemetic treatment regimen. If on-demand administration is not successful in controlling the patient's symptoms, then as-needed rescue medications are to be administered. The treating staff will administer additional (as needed) doses of intravenous antiemetics, depending on the institutional preference. (NCT00429702)
Timeframe: 3 days of following completion of first chemotherapy cycle

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Benadryl® Ativan® Decadron® (BAD) Pump3
Control Arm Saline4

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Proportion of Patients Requiring Rescue Medication for Breakthrough Nausea or Emesis During Inpatient Chemotherapy

Rescue medication is any medication administered by the treating team to control breakthrough nausea or emesis. Rescue medications were used to treat any patient who has enough symptoms requiring additional therapy. All patients were instructed to first use the push button on the pump. On-demand administration of study agent via the patient-controlled infusion pump will not be considered rescue therapy - it is part of the antiemetic treatment regimen. If on-demand administration is not successful in controlling the patient's symptoms, then as-needed rescue medications are to be administered. The treating staff will administer additional (as needed) doses of intravenous antiemetics, depending on the institutional preference. (NCT00429702)
Timeframe: during in-patient cycle of chemotherapy, up to 4 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Benadryl® Ativan® Decadron® (BAD) Pump1
Control Arm Saline3

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Number of Participants With Akathisia

The akathisia outcome was reported as follows: Either development of akathisia as measured using the Short Akathisia Instrument (Vinson DR. Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2006; 31:139-145)or use of rescue medication for treatment of akathisia.The short akathisia instrument briefly measures subjective and objective restlessness. (NCT00475306)
Timeframe: 60 minutes

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Metoclopramide 20mg+Diphenhydramine9
Metoclopramide 20+Placebo12
Metoclopramide 10 + Placebo5
Metoclopramide 10+Diphenhydramine8

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Nausea Scale

Patients were asked to report their level of nausea on a scale for 0 to 10, with 0 representing no nausea and 10 the worst nausea imaginable (NCT00475306)
Timeframe: 60 minutes

Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Metoclopramide 20mg+Diphenhydramine0
Metoclopramide 20+Placebo0
Metoclopramide 10 + Placebo0
Metoclopramide 10+Diphenhydramine0

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Median Time to Platelet Engraftment After Autologous Transplant

Reported as platelet engraftment after autologous transplant, defined as platelet count > 20,000/µL, counting from the day of transplant. (NCT00482053)
Timeframe: within 1 month

InterventionDays (Median)
Auto-HCT Followed by Allo-HCT for Poor-risk DLBCL19

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Median Time to Neutrophil Engraftment After Autologous Transplant

Reported as neutrophil engraftment after autologous transplant, defined as absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 500/µL, counting from the day of transplant. (NCT00482053)
Timeframe: within 1 month

InterventionDays (Median)
Auto-HCT Followed by Allo-HCT for Poor-risk DLBCL11

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Median Time to Neutrophil Engraftment After Allogeneic Transplant

Reported as neutrophil engraftment after allogeneic transplant, defined as absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 500/µL, counting from the day of transplant. (NCT00482053)
Timeframe: within 1 month

InterventionDays (Median)
Auto-HCT Followed by Allo-HCT for Poor-risk DLBCL10.5

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Median Time to Platelet Engraftment After Allogeneic Transplant

Reported as platelet engraftment after allogeneic transplant, defined as platelet count > 20,000/µL, counting from the day of transplant. (NCT00482053)
Timeframe: within 1 month

InterventionDays (Median)
Auto-HCT Followed by Allo-HCT for Poor-risk DLBCL10

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Incidence of Chronic Graft vs Host Disease (GvHD)

The incidence of chronic graft vs host disease (GvHD) is reported as any events within 3 years. Note that GvHD was assessed per investigator judgement. There was no protocol-specified criteria of GvHD. (NCT00482053)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Auto-HCT Followed by Allo-HCT for Poor-risk DLBCL0

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Overall Survival (OS)

To evaluate the overall and transplant related mortality rate, reported as the number of subjects remaining alive 3 years after transplant. (NCT00482053)
Timeframe: 3 years

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Auto-HCT Followed by Allo-HCT for Poor-risk DLBCL2

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Event-free Survival (EFS) Per Protocol

Event-free survival (EFS) through 4 years, as assessed in participants with poor-risk recurrent or primary refractory DLBCL treated with TLI and ATG followed by matched allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as a consolidation to HCT. Event is defined as tumor progression or death. (NCT00482053)
Timeframe: 48 months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Auto-HCT Followed by Allo-HCT for Poor-risk DLBCL48

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Overall Survival (OS) Rate

Overall survival reported as the percentage of participants (less lost-to-follow-up) surviving at 6 years. (NCT00490009)
Timeframe: 6 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Bexxar37.5

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Clinical Response Rate

Clinical response rate for all participants, reported as the sum of the numbers of patients achieving complete response (CR, complete disappearance of all lesions); functional CR (fCR, minimal residual disease but clear of disease by positron emission tomography (PET)-scan); or partial response (PR, ≥ decrease in size of lesions and negative for active disease by PET-scan). Progressive disease (PD, advancing cancer) or stable disease (not CR, fCR, or PD) not included as Clinical Response. (NCT00490009)
Timeframe: 6 years

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Clinical ResponseComplete Response (CR)Functional CRPRSDPD
Bexxar201161

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Time to Progression (TTP)

Time of disease progression reported as the number of subjects experiencing disease progression at the time point of progression. (NCT00490009)
Timeframe: 1.5 months; 3 months; 6 months; or Not Progressed

Interventionparticipants (Number)
1.5 months3 months6 monthsNot Progressed
Bexxar1223

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Overall Survival at 2 Years and 5 Years

The percentage of participants who are still alive for A designated period of time (2 years and 5 years) after starting treatment. Continual Assessments every 3 months for 1 year, then every 4 months for 2 years, then every 6 months for 2 years, then once a year. (NCT00515073)
Timeframe: Assessment at 2 years and 5 years

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
2 Years5 Years
Paclitaxel (Taxol) + Pelvic Radiation9385

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Average Pain Score With Coughing the First Morning Following Surgery

Patients were asked on the first morning following surgery how they rated their pain with coughing utilizing the Numeric Rating Scale for pain, with 0 being no pain and 10 being the worst pain imaginable. The range is 0-10. (NCT00588159)
Timeframe: First morning following surgery

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin Preoperatively5.2
Active Placebo5.0

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Average Pain Score With Coughing on Second Morning After Surgery

Numeric rating scale pain score with coughing on second morning after surgery, range 0-10. (NCT00588159)
Timeframe: Second morning after surgery

InterventionUnites on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin Preoperatively5.0
Active Placebo5.1

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Opioid Consumption in Second 24 Hour Hour Period (Hours 24-48) Postoperatively

Opioid equivalents (parenteral and/or oral) utilized by patient between hours 24-48 postoperatively (NCT00588159)
Timeframe: 48 hours postoperatively

Interventionmg (Mean)
Gabapentin Preoperatively114.4
Active Placebo121.6

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Average Pain Score at Rest

Pain scores every 4 hours for 48 hours postoperatively, utilizing the numeric rating scale with 0 being no pain and 10 the most severe pain you can imagine. (NCT00588159)
Timeframe: 48 hours

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Gabapentin Preoperatively3.1
Active Placebo2.9

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Number of Participants With Pain at Thoracotomy Site 3 Months Postoperatively

Patients were contacted at 3 months post-thoracotomy and asked if they had pain at the thoracotomy site. We observed the number of participants with the presence of pain at thoracotomy site at 3 months postoperatively. (NCT00588159)
Timeframe: 3 months postoperatively

InterventionParticipants (Number)
Gabapentin Preoperatively37
Active Placebo38

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Opioid Consumption in First 24 Hours Postoperatively

(NCT00588159)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionmg (Mean)
Gabapentin Preoperatively111.9
Active Placebo118.1

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Change From Baseline in Overall Vulvar Vestibulitis Symptoms Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score at End of Treatment (12 Weeks) [0 = No Symptoms and 100 = As Bad as They Can be]

(NCT00590590)
Timeframe: 12 Weeks

InterventionScore (Mean)
Lidocaine/Diphenhydramine (Combination)-10.4
Lidocaine-5.3
Placebo-16.3

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Change From Baseline in Tenderness (on a 0- to 3-point Scale) on Palpation at End of Treatment (12 Weeks) [Scale Rates the Severity of Pain; 0 =Absent and 3 = Severe]

(NCT00590590)
Timeframe: 12 Weeks

InterventionScore (Mean)
Lidocaine/Diphenhydramine (Combination)-3.0
Lidocaine-1.7
Placebo-2.4

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Mean Marinoff Dyspareunia Scale Score (MDSS) at End of Treatment (12 Weeks)

The MDSS consists of a participant rating of their dyspareunia (painful sexual intercourse) on a 0- to 3-point scale. Each numerical value on the scale coincides with a level of pain experienced during sexual intercourse; 0 = no dyspareunia (no pain with intercourse) and 3 = completely prevents intercourse (NCT00590590)
Timeframe: 12 weeks

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Lidocaine/Diphenhydramine (Combination)1.8
Lidocaine1.8
Placebo1.7

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Change From Baseline in Marinoff Dyspareunia Scale Score at End of Treatment (12 Weeks)

0-3 scale with 0=no dyspareunia and 3= completely prevents intercourse (NCT00590590)
Timeframe: Baseline -12 Weeks

InterventionScore (Mean)
Lidocaine/Diphenhydramine (Combination)-0.6
Lidocaine-0.4
Placebo-0.7

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Area Under the Curve

Subjects were instructed to walk on the treadmill and to tell the research coordinator to stop testing when they reached the point at which they typically would need to stop and sit down, or until 15 minutes had elapsed. At defined intervals (every 30 seconds) subjects were asked what their pain level was according to the NRS. The area under the curve of present pain intensity multiplied by the amount of time the subject walked. (NCT00638443)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionunits on a scale * minutes (Mean)
Pregabalin100.59
Diphenhydramine95.26

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Swiss Spinal Stenosis- Physical Function

The SSS is a series of questions asking about symptom severity, physical function, and satisfaction. The physical function section is a series of 5 questions (maximum 4 points per question) and asks to rate function for each question based on comfortably, sometimes with pain, always with pain, no functional ability. The total score (max=20) is divided by five. The maximum score for the physical function section (max=4) indicates no ability to function. (NCT00638443)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pregabalin2.40
Diphenhydramine2.94

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Time to First Symptoms of Moderate Pain

Using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) (0=no pain, 10=worst pain imaginable)the time to first symptoms (Tfirst) with a NRS score greater than or equal to 4 (moderate pain level), with treadmill ambulation was measured. (NCT00638443)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Pregabalin2.52
Diphenhydramine3.06

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Total Distance

Subjects were instructed to walk on the treadmill and to tell the research coordinator to stop testing when they reached the point at which they typically would need to stop and sit down, or until 15 minutes had elapsed. When the subject reached their maximum distance, the treadmill testing was stopped. This was recorded as total distance based on number of minutes and seconds walked. Minutes was converted to meters based on calculation of defined speed of the treadmill. (NCT00638443)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionmeters (Mean)
Pregabalin237.49
Diphenhydramine261.55

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Recovery Time

After the subject completed the treadmill test they were asked to immediately return to the seated position. At this point a timer was started. When the subjects pain level returned to baseline (level of pain subject felt in a seated position before walking) the time was stopped. This was recorded as recovery time. Maximum recovery time is 15 minutes. (NCT00638443)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Pregabalin2.36
Diphenhydramine3.15

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Final Pain as Measured by NRS

Subjects were instructed to walk on the treadmill and to tell the research coordinator to stop testing when they reached the point at which they typically would need to stop and sit down, or until 15 minutes had elapsed. At defined intervals subjects were asked what their pain level was according to the NRS. When the subject reached their maximum distance, they were asked their NRS score. This was recorded as final pain intensity. Using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) (0=no pain, 10=worst pain imaginable)the time to first symptoms (Tfirst) with a NRS score greater than or equal to 4 (moderate pain level), with treadmill ambulation was measured. (NCT00638443)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pregabalin1.82
Diphenhydramine1.53

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Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

The VAS asked subjects to place a mark indicative of their low back pain during the past day on a 100mm line, with 0mm representing no pain and 100mm representing extreme pain. (NCT00638443)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pregabalin52.31
Diphenhydramine46.31

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Modified Brief Pain Inventory (mBPI)- Interference Score

The mBPI is a series of questions that rates the severity and impact of pain on daily function. The questionnaire is made up of 4 pain severity items using the NRS scale, and seven pain interference sub-scales. The final interference score is an average of the seven sub-scales (0 indicating no interference and 10 indicating complete interference). (NCT00638443)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pregabalin3.70
Diphenhydramine3.58

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Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) Score

The ODI is a set of 10 questions each with five choices (maximum score of 5 points per question) designed to determine how back pain has affected the ability to manage everyday life (pain intensity, personal care, lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, social life, traveling, and change positions). A total score range of 0-50; score of 0 indicates no disability and a score of 50 would indicate 100% disability. (NCT00638443)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pregabalin37.77
Diphenhydramine36.49

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Patient Global Assessment (PGA)

Subjects were asked to rate their low back pain according to the PGA. PGA is the impact of disease activity. PGA was measured on a 5-point scale, where 1=very good, 2=good, 3=fair, 4=poor, and 5=very poor. (NCT00638443)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pregabalin2.75
Diphenhydramine2.83

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Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire

The RMDQ consists of 24 yes/no statements about activity limitations due to back pain. These questions center on movement, ambulation, and self-care activities. Positive (yes) answers each contribute 1 point to cumulative score with total scores ranging from 0 (no disability) to 24 (severely disabled). (NCT00638443)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pregabalin12.98
Diphenhydramine11.48

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Swiss Spinal Stenosis (SSS) Score- Symptom Severity

The SSS is a series of questions asking about symptom severity, physical function, and satisfaction. The symptom severity section is a set of 7 questions (maximum score is 5 points per question) and asks to rate pain for each question based on no pain, mild, moderate, severe or very severe pain. The total score (maximum=35) is added up and divided by seven. The maximum score for the symptom severity section (score=5) indicates very severe symptom severity. (NCT00638443)
Timeframe: 10 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Pregabalin3.09
Diphenhydramine2.94

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Likert Scale for Satisfaction

The Likert Scale measured patient satisfaction on a 0-10 score range (0 = Least Satisfied; 10 = Most Satisfied). (NCT00641797)
Timeframe: 0 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Arm 1, Conventional Therapy9
Arm 2, Epley Maneuver9

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Change in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score for Nausea. This Was Calculated by Subtracting the Patient's Reported Score on the 30 Minute VAS From the Patient's Reported VAS Score on Their Baseline VAS.

"Participants independently rated their nausea severity on separate scales at the baseline and 30-minute evaluations to prevent the baseline VAS score from influencing the 30-minute mark. The VAS had the words Least Severe on the left and Most Severe on the right. The possible values range from 0 to 100mm with 0 at the Least Severe extreme and 100 at the Most Severe extreme. Investigators instructed the participant to draw a single vertical line through the point on the 100mm scale that corresponded to their nausea severity at the times of measurement (Baseline and 30 minutes)." (NCT00655642)
Timeframe: Baseline and 30 minute assessments

Interventionmillimeter (Median)
Ondansetron-22.0
Metoclopramide-30.0
Promethazine-29.0
Placebo-16.0

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Pain Intensity Score

Change in 11 point pain intensity score between baseline and one hour. At both baseline and one hour, all patients were asked to describe their pain on a scale from 0 to 10, with 0 signifying no pain and 10 signifying the worst pain imaginable. Therefore, the CHANGE in pain score could range from -10 through 10. (NCT00682734)
Timeframe: Baseline, 60 minutes

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Metoclopramide 10 mg Intravenous4.7
Metoclopramide 20 mg4.9
Metoclopramide 40 mg5.3

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Incidence of Death

(NCT00771875)
Timeframe: 90 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin (RATG)0
RATG/Rituximab0
RATG/Bortezomib0

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Incidence of Post Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD)

(NCT00771875)
Timeframe: 1 year

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin (RATG)0
RATG/Rituximab0
RATG/Bortezomib0

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Number of Patients With Allografts With C4d Diffuse Positive Pretreatment Biopsy

(NCT00771875)
Timeframe: 90 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin (RATG)3
RATG/Rituximab3
RATG/Bortezomib5

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Number of Patients With Allografts With C4d Focal Positive Pretreatment Biopsy

(NCT00771875)
Timeframe: Day 1

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin (RATG)2
RATG/Rituximab2
RATG/Bortezomib4

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Mean Serum Creatinine

Renal allograft function as determined by change (∆) in Calculated creatinine clearance by Cockcroft-Gault at 7, 14, 28, 60, and 90 days and 1 year post therapy initiation (NCT00771875)
Timeframe: 7, 14, 28, 60, 90 days and 1 year post therapy initiation

,,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
7 days14 days28 days60 days90 days1 year
Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin (RATG)3.043.252.92.622.482.19
RATG/Bortezomib2.312.202.182.382.132.87
RATG/Rituximab2.322.352.352.322.122.07

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Renal Allograft Survival

(NCT00771875)
Timeframe: 1 year after rejection treatment

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin (RATG)7
RATG/Rituximab7
RATG/Bortezomib10

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Number of Patients in Each Group With Any of the Following: Rejection Reversal or Recurrent Rejection

"Rejection Reversal is a return of serum creatinine to within 115% of the baseline value, or histologic reversal occurring within 14 days of initiation of treatment.~Recurrent Rejection is histologic evidence of rejection noted on a biopsy specimen obtained up to 3 months after documented rejection reversal." (NCT00771875)
Timeframe: 1 year

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Rejection RecurrenceRejection Reversal
Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin (RATG)02
RATG/Bortezomib01
RATG/Rituximab01

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Maximum Observed Concentration (Cmax) of Omalizumab

Cmax is the maximum (or peak) concentration of omalizumab in serum. (NCT00866788)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 2 hours post-dose on Days 0 and 3 of Week 0, Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16 or early termination (up to Week 16)

Interventionmicrograms per milliliter (µg/mL) (Mean)
Omalizumab 75 mg11.4
Omalizumab 300 mg33.1
Omalizumab 600 mg67

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Number of Participants With Immunogenicity

Immunogenicity was measured by detection of anti-therapeutic antibodies (anti-omalizumab antibodies) using a fragment enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (NCT00866788)
Timeframe: 16 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Placebo0
Omalizumab 75 mg0
Omalizumab 300 mg0
Omalizumab 600 mg0

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Terminal Half-Life (t1/2) of Omalizumab

Terminal Half-Life (t1/2) is the time required for the serum concentration of omalizumab to decrease by half in the final stage of its elimination. (NCT00866788)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 2 hours post-dose on Days 0 and 3 of Week 0, Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16 or early termination (up to Week 16)

Interventiondays (Mean)
Omalizumab 75 mg18.2
Omalizumab 300 mg17.1
Omalizumab 600 mg22.5

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Number of Patients With Adverse Events by Severity

"The severity (i.e. intensity) of each Adverse Event (AE) was graded according to the following scale: Mild: Symptoms causing no or minimal interference with usual social and functional activities. Moderate: Symptoms causing greater than minimal interference with usual social and functional activities. Severe: Symptoms causing inability to perform usual social and functional activities.~Additional AE data is provided in the AE section below. The terms severe and serious are not synonymous. Severity refers to the intensity of an AE. A Serious AE is defined below." (NCT00866788)
Timeframe: "16 weeks overall (data reported separately for up to 4 weeks and Weeks 5 to 16)"

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
4 Weeks - Any Adverse Event (n=21,23,25,21)4 Weeks - Mild (n=21,23,25,21)4 Weeks - Moderate (n=21,23,25,21)4 Weeks - Severe (n=21,23,25,21)Follow-up period-Any adverse event (n=20,18,23,20)Follow-up period-Mild (n=20,18,23,20)Follow-up period-Moderate (n=20,18,23,20)Follow-up period-Severe (n=20,18,23,20)
Omalizumab 300 mg1265112462
Omalizumab 600 mg107215311
Omalizumab 75 mg84319522
Placebo108207421

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Time to Maximum Concentration (Tmax) of Omalizumab

Tmax is the time to maximum concentration of omalizumab. (NCT00866788)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 2 hours post-dose on Days 0 and 3 of Week 0, Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16 or early termination (up to Week 16)

Interventiondays (Mean)
Omalizumab 75 mg7.37
Omalizumab 300 mg8.01
Omalizumab 600 mg6.24

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time of Dosing Extrapolated to Infinity (AUC-Inf)

AUCinf is the area under the concentration-time curve from time of dosing extrapolated to infinity. AUCinf was measured in microgram times day per milliliter (µg*day/mL). Only participants having complete profiles and completed the study were included in the analysis. (NCT00866788)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and 2 hours post-dose on Days 0 and 3 of Week 0, Weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 16 or early termination (up to Week 16)

Interventionµg*day/mL (Mean)
Omalizumab 75 mg317
Omalizumab 300 mg1260
Omalizumab 600 mg2800

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Change in the Weekly Pruritus Score From Baseline to Week 4

The pruritus (itch) score was recorded by participants twice daily (morning and evening) based on the severity of itch over the last 12 hours, using a scale from 0 (none) to 3 (severe). The weekly pruritus score was the sum of average daily pruritus scores over the previous 7 days. The range of the weekly score is 0-21. (NCT00866788)
Timeframe: Baseline (based on the 7 days prior to randomization) and 4 weeks (Days 21-27)

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-3.45
Omalizumab 75 mg-4.50
Omalizumab 300 mg-9.22
Omalizumab 600 mg-6.46

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Change in the Weekly Score for Number of Hives From Baseline to Week 4

The number of hives was recorded by participants twice daily (morning and evening) using a scale from 0 (no hives) to 3 (more than 12 hives). The weekly score of number of hives was the sum of the average daily scores over the previous 7 days, and ranged from 0 to 21. (NCT00866788)
Timeframe: Baseline (based on the 7 days prior to randomization) and 4 weeks (Days 21-27)

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-3.46
Omalizumab 75 mg-5.28
Omalizumab 300 mg-10.71
Omalizumab 600 mg-8.10

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Change in the Weekly Score for Sleep Interference From Baseline to Week 4

The extent to which hives or itch interfered with participants' sleep was recorded once daily in the patient diary using a scale from 0 (no interference) to 3 (substantial interference, waking often). The weekly score of sleep interference was the sum of the daily scores over the previous 7 days, and ranged from 0 to 21. (NCT00866788)
Timeframe: Baseline (based on the 7 days prior to randomization) and 4 weeks (Days 21-27)

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-3.23
Omalizumab 75 mg-3.90
Omalizumab 300 mg-5.81
Omalizumab 600 mg-6.85

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Change in the Weekly Score for the Amount of Rescue Medication From Baseline to Week 4

Diphenhydramine 25mg was provided and used on an as-needed basis (maximum 3 times/day) as rescue medication. The weekly score for the amount of rescue medication is the sum of the daily scores for the amount of rescue medication used at each day in the week, and ranged from 0 to 21. (NCT00866788)
Timeframe: Baseline (based on the 7 days prior to randomization) and 4 weeks (Days 21-27)

InterventionPills (Mean)
Placebo-1.38
Omalizumab 75 mg-1.74
Omalizumab 300 mg-2.64
Omalizumab 600 mg-1.69

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Change in Urticaria Activity Score 7 (UAS7) From Baseline to Week 4

The UAS is a composite diary-recorded score, which is the sum of the numeric severity intensity ratings (0 = none to 3 = intense) for 1) the number of wheals (hives) and 2) the intensity of the pruritus (itch). The UAS7 is the sum of the daily average UAS (morning and evening values) for 7 days. The maximum UAS7 score is 42. (NCT00866788)
Timeframe: Baseline (based on the 7 days prior to randomization) and 4 weeks (Days 21-27)

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-6.91
Omalizumab 75 mg-9.79
Omalizumab 300 mg-19.93
Omalizumab 600 mg-14.56

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Mean Percent of N-cadherin Expression at Baseline and 8 Weeks of Treatment.

Measures of epithelial plasticity on CTCs in response to Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition with temsirolimus, using genomic and protein immunohistochemical methodology. N-cadherin was measured in CTCs captured using the CellSearch profile kit. The proportion of CTCs expressing N-cadherin was calculated and divided by the total number of CD45-negative, pan cytokeratin (CK) - positive, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI+) intact cells to give a fractional expression of N-cadherin. Results are reported as a percentage. (NCT00887640)
Timeframe: Baseline and 8 weeks

InterventionPercent expression (Median)
Expression at baselineExpression at 8 weeks
Temsirolimus 25 mg9192

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Safety and Tolerability of Temsirolimus

Total number of grade 3, 4, and 5 adverse events at least possibly related to temsirolimus therapy. Adverse events were collected using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0 and were converted to 4.0 for the purposes of reporting to ClinicalTrials.gov. (NCT00887640)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionAdverse Events (Number)
Grade 3 Adverse EventsGrade 4 Adverse EventsGrade 5 Adverse Events
Temsirolimus 25 mg2820

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Median Progression-Free Survival (PFS)

Time in months from the start of study treatment to the date of first progression according to Prostate Cancer Clinical Trial Working Group 2 (PCWG2) criteria, or to death due to any cause. Patients alive who had not progressed as of the last follow-up had PFS censored at the last follow-up date. Median PFS was estimated using a Kaplan-Meier curve. Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions. Additionally, according to PCWG2 criteria, disease progression in bone is defined as 2 or more new lesions seen on bone scan compared with the baseline scan used for trial entry. Per PCWG2 guidelines, therapy was not discontinued solely due to a rise in PSA alone. (NCT00887640)
Timeframe: 2 years

InterventionMonths (Median)
Temsirolimus 25 mg1.9

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Maximum Rate of Change of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA).

Percent change in PSA between baseline and the measurement time point where the largest change in PSA occurred. Note that a positive change (greater than 0) indicates an increase in PSA, and a negative change (less than 0) indicates a decrease. (NCT00887640)
Timeframe: Baseline to 7 months

InterventionPercent change (Median)
Temsirolimus 25 mg48

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Change in Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Counts in Men With Metastatic Treatment-refractory Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.

Median percent change in CTC count from baseline to 8 weeks of treatment. Percent change was calculated by determining the percentage increase or decrease in CTC count from baseline. (NCT00887640)
Timeframe: Baseline to 8 weeks

Interventionpercent change (Median)
Temsirolimus 25 mg-20

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Event-free Survival (EFS)

To evaluate the graft versus myeloma effect by monitoring rate of event-free survival (EFS) (NCT00899847)
Timeframe: 2 years after the last participant is enrolled

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Autologous-Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant44

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Overall Survival (OS)

To evaluate the graft versus myeloma effect by monitoring rate of overall survival (OS) (NCT00899847)
Timeframe: 2 years after the last participant is enrolled

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Autologous-Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant67

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Partial Response Rate (PRR)

"Partial response rate (PRR) was assessed as~> 50% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein reduction by 90% or < 200 mg/24 hr~If serum M-protein is not measurable, then > 50% reduction in the involved serum free light chain~If involved serum free light chain is not measurable, then > 50% reduction in the bone marrow plasma cell percentage + > 50% reduction in the size of any soft tissue plasmacytoma." (NCT00899847)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Autologous-Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant4

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Median Time to Engraftment After Allo-PBSC Transplant

"Engraftment is assessed as:~Neutrophil engraftment is > 0.5 x 10⁹/L after cytopenia~Platelet engraftment is > 20 x 10⁹/L after cytopenia" (NCT00899847)
Timeframe: 1 month

InterventionDays (Median)
Neutrophil EngraftmentPlatelet Engraftment
Autologous-Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant2410

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Median Time to Engraftment After Auto-PBSC Transplant

"Engraftment is assessed as:~Neutrophil engraftment is > 0.5 x 10⁹/L after cytopenia~Platelet engraftment is > 20 x 10⁹/L after cytopenia" (NCT00899847)
Timeframe: 1 month

InterventionDays (Median)
Neutrophil EngraftmentPlatelet Engraftment
Autologous-Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant1115

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Complete Response Rate (CRR)

"Complete response rate (CRR) was assessed as all of:~Negative immunoflixation on the serum and urine~Disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas~< 5% plasma cells in bone marrow" (NCT00899847)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Autologous-Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant3

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Overall Response Rate (ORR)

Overall response rate (ORR) = Complete Response Rate (CRR) + Partial Response Rate (PRR) (NCT00899847)
Timeframe: 1 year

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Autologous-Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplant7

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Incidence of Graft Versus Host Disease (GvHD)

To evaluate the incidence acute GvHD of this tandem autologous/allogeneic transplant setting (NCT00899847)
Timeframe: 2 years after the last participant is enrolled.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Autologous-Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant1

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Number of Participants With Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) Greater Than or Equal to Grade 3

Acute Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) was graded by the modified Glucksberg scale. 0 = no GVHD normal, 4 = severe GVHD. (NCT00923910)
Timeframe: 28 days following completion of last vaccine and/or DLI (donor lymphocyte infusion) administration

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Recipients0

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Wilm's Tumor (WT1) Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH)

WT1 expression of the hematologic malignancy was confirmed by either having greater than 15% of malignant cells react with anti-WT1 by immunohistochemistry or by having a positive quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of WT1 compared with a negative control. DTH skin testing was performed using KLH and with a cocktail of WT1 peptides as 2 separate injections. Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISpot) was performed against each peptide and was considered positive if results were at least 10 spots above background on at least 2 measurements. DTH was considered positive if there was at least .5cm induration 48 to 72 hours after placement. (NCT00923910)
Timeframe: 48 to 72 hours after placement

Interventionparticipants (Number)
PositiveNegativeNA (Not available)
Recipients221

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Time to Immune Response

Immune response was monitored by use of interferon gamma Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISpot) and by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) testing. (NCT00923910)
Timeframe: 4 to 12 weeks

InterventionWeeks (Number)
Patient 1Patient 2Patient 3Patient 4Patient 5
Recipients12NA843

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Wilm's Tumor 1 (WT1) Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISpot)

WT1 expression of the hematologic malignancy was confirmed by either having greater than 15% of malignant cells react with anti-WT1 by immunohistochemistry or by having a positive quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of WT1 compared with a negative control. (NCT00923910)
Timeframe: 48 to 72 hours after placement

Interventionparticipants (Number)
PositiveNegative
Recipients32

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Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH)

KLH is a neoantigen known to induce helper response was used concurrently as a vaccine adjuvant and control antigen. DTH skin testing was performed using KLH and with a cocktail of WT1 peptides as 2 separate injections. Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISpot) was performed against each peptide and was considered positive if results were at least 10 spots above background on at least 2 measurements. DTH was considered positive if there was at least .5cm induration 48 to 72 hours after placement. (NCT00923910)
Timeframe: 48 to 72 hours after placement

Interventionparticipants (Number)
PositiveNegativeNA (Not available)
Recipients311

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Toxicity

Here is the number of participants with adverse events. For details of the adverse events, see the adverse event module. (NCT00923910)
Timeframe: 21 months

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Recipients5

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Number of Participants With Progressive Disease

Progressive disease is at least a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of all target lesions (i.e. tumor response). Response criteria for acute leukemia's is worse marrow classification (i.e., M status) with at least a 50% increase in the percentage of marrow blasts, or no change in marrow classification (i.e., M status), but a 50% or greater increase in absolute peripheral blast count or extent of medullary disease (NCT00923910)
Timeframe: 4 to12 weeks

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Recipients5

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Pain Tolerance

The participant places their hand in a water bath kept at 4 degrees Celsius (cold pressor test). They then continue to hold the hand in the water bath until they can no longer tolerate the pain (pain tolerance) or until the end of the testing (truncated at 300 seconds for safety purposes). Reported as the mean (time to hand removal in seconds) at the 30 minute time point. (NCT00991809)
Timeframe: 8 sessions over 4-6 weeks

Interventionseconds (Mean)
Alfentanil105.3
Diphenhydramine19.2

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Pain Threshold

The amount of time (in seconds) before the participant first verbally reports feeling pain after placing hand in 4 degree Celsius circulating water bath at the 30 minute time point. Truncated at 300 seconds for safety purposes. (NCT00991809)
Timeframe: 8 sessions over 4-6 weeks

Interventionseconds (Mean)
Alfentanil20.7
Diphenhydramine8.6

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Change From Baseline to Cycle 3 in QT/Corrected QT (QTc) Interval Prolongation in Participants

All electrocardiogram (ECG) tests were performed in triplicate prior to ramucirumab treatment. QT is the interval between the Q and T waves and QTc is the QT corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's formula: QTc = QT/RR^0.33 where RR is the interval between 2 R waves. Each participant's mean QT/QTc value was calculated for each ECG test during Cycle 3 and compared to his/her mean pretreatment QT/QTc value. The greatest change from baseline during Cycle 3 was reported. QTc prolongation is defined as a QTc exceeding 10 milliseconds (msec) with a lower 90% confidence interval (CI) exceeding 5 msec at any postdose time points per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E14 guidelines for non-thorough QT studies (ICH 2005; ICH 2008). Least squares (LS) mean was calculated using a linear mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) and adjusted for serum concentration. (NCT01017731)
Timeframe: Baseline, Cycle 3 (1 cycle=21 days)

Interventionmilliseconds (msec) (Least Squares Mean)
IMC-1121B (Ramucirumab)3.9132

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Area Under Concentration (AUC) During Cycle 1

The area under the concentration versus time curve from time 0 to infinity [AUC(0-inf)] is reported during Cycle 1 (1 cycle=21 days). (NCT01017731)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 [2.25 hours (h), 3.25 h, 4.25 h, 72 h, 168 h, 336 h postdose]

Interventionhours*micrograms/milliliter (h*mcg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
IMC-1121B (Ramucirumab)67400

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Area Under Concentration (AUC) During Cycle 3

The area under the concentration versus time curve over the dosing interval at steady state [AUC(tau,ss)] is reported during Cycle 3 (1 cycle=21 days). (NCT01017731)
Timeframe: Cycle 3 [predose and 1.25 hours (h), 2.25 h, 3.25 h, 4.25 h, 72 h, 168 h, 336 h, and 504 h postdose]

Interventionhours*micrograms/milliliter (h*mcg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
IMC-1121B (Ramucirumab)69900

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Maximum Concentration (Cmax) During Cycle 3

The maximum observed serum concentration of IMC-1121B (ramucirumab) at steady state (Cmax,ss) during Cycle 3 (1 cycle=21 days). (NCT01017731)
Timeframe: Cycle 3 [predose and 1.25 hours (h), 2.25 h, 3.25 h, 4.25 h, 72 h, 168 h, 336 h, and 504 h postdose]

Interventionmicrograms per milliliter (mcg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
IMC-1121B (Ramucirumab)571

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Maximum Concentration (Cmax) During Cycle 1

Maximum observed concentration of IMC-1121B (ramucirumab) in serum during Cycle 1 (1 cycle=21 days). (NCT01017731)
Timeframe: Cycle 1 [2.25 hours (h), 3.25 h, 4.25 h, 72 h, 168 h, 336 h postdose]

Interventionmicrograms per milliliter (mcg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
IMC-1121B (Ramucirumab)485

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Change in Severity of Raynaud's Phenomenon

"Severity of Raynaud's phenomenon was measured by a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ). The SHAQ VAS includes a question asking, In the past week, how much has your Raynaud's Phenomenon interfered with your activities? Participants were asked to place a mark on a 15 cm line, scaled from 0 (does not interfere) to 100 (very severe limitation), to describe the severity of their Raynaud's phenomenon in the past week. The distance from the left edge of the line to the vertical line placed by the participant was measured in centimeters; VAS scores were converted to a 0 to 100 scale." (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 24 and Week 48

,
InterventionScore on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Change from Baseline to Week 24Change from Baseline to Week 48
Placebo0.10.1
Rituximab-2.2-4.4

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Number of Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Events (AEs) Through Week 48

Total number of Grade 3, 4, and 5 AEs. Ref: National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE), Version 4.0. (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 48

,
InterventionEvents (Number)
Grade 3 AEsGrade 4 AEsGrade 5 AEs
Placebo1921
Rituximab2863

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Number of New Digital Ulcers

The total number of digital ulcers present on the dorsal and palmar surfaces for both the left and right fingers were captured at the Baseline study visit. The number of new digital ulcers since the last study visit (including any ulcers that had appeared and healed since the last study visit) on the dorsal and palmar surfaces for both the left and right fingers were captured at the post-Baseline study visits. The total number of digital ulcers on both hands was summed from the number present on the dorsal and palmar surfaces for both the left and right fingers. (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 24 and Week 48

,
InterventionNew Ulcers (Mean)
Total Ulcer Count at BaselineNew Ulcers at Week 24New Ulcers at Week 48
Placebo0.40.10.2
Rituximab0.60.00.1

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Oxygen Saturation Levels at Week 24 and Week 48

Oxygen saturation is the amount of oxygen that is in your bloodstream and is measured as the percentage of blood hemoglobin that is carrying oxygen. Normal oxygen saturation levels are considered to be 95-100 percent; low oxygen saturation values indicate worse disease. Room air oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry and/or amount of supplemental oxygen used, if saturation <90%, were recorded. (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Week 24 , Week 48

,
InterventionPercent Oxygen Saturation (Mean)
O2 Sat Level: Week 24O2 Sat Level: Week 48
Placebo96.196.2
Rituximab96.597.7

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Time to Clinical Worsening

"Assessment of time to clinical worsening, censored at Week 48, defined as the first occurrence of any of the following:~death,~hospitalization for Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (SSc-PAH),~lung transplantation,~atrial septostomy,~addition of other Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) therapeutic agents, or~worsening of the six minute walk distance by > 20% and an increase in New York Heart Association functional class.~Time to clinical worsening was defined as the first date that met any of the above criteria and was calculated in study days as: date of first event minus (-) date of treatment randomization. If a participant did not experience any of the referenced events by Week 48 or, if the date of death was after the 48 week follow-up period, time to clinical worsening was equal to the participant's duration of follow-up in the study." (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 48

InterventionWeeks (Mean)
Rituximab21.2
Placebo26.2

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Time to the Change or Addition of New Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) Therapeutic Medications

Per protocol, from the time of study entry, participants were to remain on background PAH medical therapy with either a single agent or a combination of prostanoid, endothelin receptor antagonist, PDE-5 inhibitor, and/or guanylate cyclase stimulators as per the entry criteria. Doses should have remained stable through the Week 24 primary outcome/endpoint visit. If a dose of a background PAH medication was changed or a new PAH medication was added during the course of the trial, the date of the first dose change or additional medication was recorded. Time to the addition or modification of PAH medications was defined in study days as: date of the first time a PAH medication was modified or added minus (-) date of randomization. (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 48

InterventionWeeks (Mean)
Rituximab21.2
Placebo26.7

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Change From Baseline in Distance Walked During a Six Minute Walk Test at Week 24 and Week 48

The six minute walk test measures the distance a participant is able to walk over a total of six minutes on a hard, flat surface. The goal is for the participant to walk as far as possible in six minutes. The participant is allowed to self-pace and rest as needed as they traverse back and forth along a marked walkway. The total distance walked, in meters, was recorded for each participant. Longer distances indicate better outcomes. (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 24 and Week 48

,
InterventionMeters (Least Squares Mean)
Change from Baseline to Week 24Change from Baseline to Week 48
Placebo0.4-7.0
Rituximab25.59.5

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Change From Baseline in Quality of Life as Measured by the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): Mental Component Summary Score

The SF-36 measures health-related quality of life. It has 36 items and 2 component scores, the Physical Component Score and the Mental Component Score. The SF-36 Mental Health component summary score is comprised of the Vitality Scale, the Social Functioning Scale, the Role-Emotional Scale, and the Mental Health Scale. It is scaled from 0 to 100 with a score of 0 equivalent to maximum disability and a score of 100 is equivalent to no disability. A negative value indicates a decrease in quality of life from Baseline. (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 24 and Week 48

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Change from Baseline to Week 24Change from Baseline to Week 48
Placebo0.40.9
Rituximab0.10.2

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Change From Baseline in Quality of Life as Measured by the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): Physical Component Summary Score

The SF-36 measures health-related quality of life. It has 36 items and 2 component scores, the Physical Component Score and the Mental Component Score. The SF-36 Physical component summary score is comprised of the Physical Functioning Scale, the Role-Physical Scale, the Bodily Pain Scale, and the General Health Scale. It is scaled from 0 to 100 with a score of 0 equivalent to maximum disability and a score of 100 is equivalent to no disability. A negative value indicates a decrease in quality of life from Baseline. (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 48

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Change from Baseline to Week 24Change from Baseline to Week 48
Placebo1.73.5
Rituximab0.61.3

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Change in Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity (DLCO)

"Carbon Monoxide Diffusing Capacity (DLCO) is a measure of lung function. Predicted values for DLCO were computed according to the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) all-age reference values and corrected for hemoglobin. Lower DLCO values indicate worse disease activity.~DLCO (Diffusing Capacity of the Lungs for Carbon Monoxide)" (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 24 and Week 48

,
InterventionPercent Predicted Value (Least Squares Mean)
Change from Baseline to Week 24Change from Baseline to Week 48
Placebo0.40.7
Rituximab-0.3-0.5

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Change in Quality of Life as Measured by the Disability Index of the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ-DI)

The HAQ-DI is a self-reported questionnaire of functionality that includes questions in 8 domains (dressing/grooming, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and activities) and addresses scleroderma related manifestations that contribute to disability. The final score ranges from 0 to 3, where a higher HAQ-DI score indicates a worse outcome. (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 24 and Week 48

,
InterventionUnits on a Scale (Least Squares Mean)
Change from Baseline to Week 24Change from Baseline to Week 48
Placebo0.00.0
Rituximab0.00.0

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All-Cause Mortality: From Treatment Initiation to Week 104

Death from any cause occurring after randomization and ≤ Week 104. (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Day 0 (Treatment Randomization) to Week 104

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Rituximab8
Placebo5

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All-Cause Mortality: From Treatment Initiation to Week 48

Death from any cause occurring after randomization and ≤ Week 48. (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Day 0 (Treatment Randomization) to Week 48

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Rituximab4
Placebo1

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Change From Baseline in Distance Walked During a Six Minute Walk Test

The six minute walk test measures the distance a participant is able to walk over a total of six minutes on a hard, flat surface. The goal is for the participant to walk as far as possible in six minutes. The participant is allowed to self-pace and rest as needed as they traverse back and forth along a marked walkway. The total distance walked, in meters, was recorded for each participant. Longer distances indicate better outcomes. (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 24

InterventionMeters (Least Squares Mean)
Rituximab23.6
Placebo0.5

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Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Measured by Right Heart Catheterization at Week 24

During a right heart catheterization, a catheter is guided to the right side of the heart and then into the pulmonary artery; blood flow through the heart is observed and is used to measure pressures in a participant's heart and lungs. The calculation of Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) is measured in Woods Units. Change is derived by measuring the difference between Baseline and Week 24 PVR (Week 24 minus Baseline). Higher PVR values indicate worse disease status. (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 24

InterventionWoods Units (Least Squares Mean)
Rituximab-0.5
Placebo0.1

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Percent Change From Baseline in Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Measured by Right Heart Catheterization

"During a right heart catheterization, a catheter is guided to the right side of the heart and then into the pulmonary artery; blood flow through the heart is observed and is used to measure pressures in a participant's heart and lungs. Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is measured in Woods Units. Higher PVR values indicate worse disease status.~Change in PVR is determined by Baseline value minus (-) Week 24 value." (NCT01086540)
Timeframe: Baseline (Pre Treatment Initiation) to Week 24

InterventionPercent Change (Least Squares Mean)
Rituximab-4.6
Placebo3.2

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Overall Rating of Pain Relief

"Subjects responded to question, Overall, the relief from my starting pain was by checking one of the following choices: no relief (0), a little relief (1), some relief (2), a lot of relief (3), complete relief (4)." (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
No reliefA little reliefSome reliefA lot reliefComplete relief
DPH 50mg119520
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg425133
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)634113
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg235134
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)347103
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg148122

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Number of Times Participants Took Rescue Medication

"Subjects were allowed to rescue and take a non-study pain reliever if the pain was not tolerable. This measure represents for the number of times rescue medication was taken by a subject." (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
0123
DPH 50mg22230
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg161100
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)141300
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg19800
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)151200
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg151200

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Karolinska Sleep Diary - Well Rested

Subject rating of following question with 1 being not rested at all to 3 being completely rested: Well-rested? (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
1 = Not rested at all2 = Somewhat unrested3 = Completely rested
DPH 50mg3141
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg1174
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)0128
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg0149
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)4144
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg1138

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Karolinska Sleep Diary - Sufficient Sleep

Subject rating of following question with 1 being no, definitely too little to 5 being yes, definitely enough: Did you get enough (sufficient) sleep? (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
1 = No, definitely too little2 = No, much too little3 = No, somewhat too little4 = Yes, almost enough5 = Yes, definitely enough
DPH 50mg24840
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg116122
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)114104
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg023144
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)43483
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg144103

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Karolinska Sleep Diary - Sleep Quality

Subject rating of following question with 1 being very poor and 5 being very good: How was your sleep? (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
1 = Very poor2 = Rather poor3 = Neither poor nor good4 = Rather good5 = Very good
DPH 50mg15390
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg011092
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)12791
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg123143
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)401152
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg126112

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Karolinska Sleep Diary - Premature Awakening

Subject rating of following question with 1 being woke up much too early to 3 being no: Premature awakening? (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
1 = Woke up much too early2 = Woke up somewhat too early3 = No
DPH 50mg864
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg5134
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)677
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg2129
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)6106
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg589

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Karolinska Sleep Diary - Easiness to Fall Asleep

Subject rating of following question with 1 being very difficult to 5 being very easy: How easy was it to fall asleep? (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
1 = Very difficult2 = Rather difficult3 = Neither difficult nor easy4 = Rather easy5 = Very easy
DPH 50mg16740
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg05791
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)35372
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg121181
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)531121
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg031081

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Karolinska Sleep Diary - Ease of Awakening

Subject rating of following question with 1 being very difficult to 5 being very easy: Ease of awakening? (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
1 = Very difficult2 = Rather difficult3 = Neither difficult nor easy4 = Rather easy5 = Very easy
DPH 50mg01395
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg004144
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)111152
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg02588
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)10786
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg011155

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Karolinska Sleep Diary - Calmness of Sleep

Subject rating of following question with 1 being very restless and 5 being very calm: How calm was your sleep? (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
1 = Very restless2 = Rather restless3 = Neither restless nor calm4 = Rather calm5 = Very calm
DPH 50mg17361
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg07582
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)15761
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg163121
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)27463
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg015160

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Global Assessment of Study Medication as a Sleep-aid

Subject rating of following question with 0 being poor to 4 being excellent: How would you rate the study medication you received as a sleep aid? (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
PoorFairGoodVery goodExcellent
DPH 50mg67320
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg06970
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)46631
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg23783
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)64741
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg14854

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Global Assessment of Study Medication as a Pain Reliever

Subject responded to question, 'How would you rating this study medication you received as a pain-reliever?' with the following choices: Poor (0), Fair(1), Good(2), Very Good(3), Excellent(4) (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
PoorFairGoodVery goodExcellent
DPH 50mg157500
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg554112
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)64791
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg25497
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)47745
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg167112

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Cumulative Proportion of Participants Taking Rescue Medication by Hour

"Subjects were allowed to rescue and take a non-study pain reliever if the pain was not tolerable. This measure represents for the proportion of subjects who rescued in the study." (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
1 hour2 hours3 hours4 hours5 hours6 hours7 hours8 hours9 hours10 hours
DPH 50mg4172021242525252525
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg07777910101111
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)19910111213131313
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg0555567788
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)391111111112121212
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg26810111111111112

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Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) Measured by Actigraphy

Actigraphy is a non-intrusive tool that measures an individual's movement during sleep. Actigraphy was used to obtain data in discriminating between sleep and wake states in the subjects. WASO was defined as minutes of awake during the period of sleep onset and offset, where sleep onset is the first 20-minute block with 19 minutes of sleep. (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg139.96
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)190.91
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg75.66
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)145.67
DPH 50mg428.34
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg129.02

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Wake Episode Measured by Actigraphy

Actigraphy is a non-intrusive tool that measures an individual's movement during sleep. Actigraphy was used to obtain data in discriminating between sleep and wake states in the subjects. Wake Episodes - # of blocks of continuous wake epochs (defined as 2 or more consecutive epochs scored as wake that ends when there is at least one epoch scored as sleep subsequent to the start of the wake epochs). (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

InterventionWake episodes (Least Squares Mean)
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg8.38
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)10.86
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg13.26
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)9.89
DPH 50mg5.84
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg11.98

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Total Wake Time Measured by Actigraphy

Actigraphy is a non-intrusive tool that measures an individual's movement during sleep. Actigraphy was used to obtain data in discriminating between sleep and wake states in the subjects. (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg253.72
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)290.03
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg180.21
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)285.62
DPH 50mg518.58
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg255.20

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Total Sleep Time Measured by Actigraphy

"Actigraphy is a non-intrusive tool that measures an individual's movement during sleep. Actigraphy was used to obtain data in discriminating between sleep and wake states in the subjects. In calculating the total sleep time, subjects who took rescue medication were treated as awake from the time the rescue medication was given until the end of the sleep period. In addition, if subjects rescued before sleep onset, their total sleep time was set to zero." (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg339.80
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)304.60
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg413.89
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)308.89
DPH 50mg76.35
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg335.68

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Total Sleep Time by Subject Assessment

Subject responded to: Please estimate the number of hours and minutes you think that you slept. (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg306.32
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)309.97
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg339.08
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)309.23
DPH 50mg160.49
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg299.58

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Time to Rescue Medication

"Subjects were allowed to rescue and take a non-study pain reliever if the pain was not tolerable. This measure represents for the time to taking rescue medication from the time the subject took study treatment." (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

InterventionMinutes (Median)
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mgNA
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)NA
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mgNA
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)NA
DPH 50mgNA
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mgNA

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Sleep Quality Index

Sleep Quality Index is the mean score of items, 'sleep quality', 'calm sleep', 'ease falling asleep', and 'slept throughout' on the Karolinska Sleep Diary, ranges from 1 (worst possible) to 5 (best possible). (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg3.49
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)2.89
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg3.40
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)3.12
DPH 50mg2.96
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg3.37

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Sleep Latency Measured by Actigraphy

Actigraphy is a non-intrusive tool that measures an individual's movement during sleep. Actigraphy was used to obtain data in discriminating between sleep and wake states in the subjects. Sleep latency was defined as minutes to sleep onset since dosing, where sleep onset was the first 20-minute block with 19 minutes of sleep. For subjects who had not achieved sleep onset (e.g., due to taking rescue medication before achieving sleep onset), sleep latency was considered as censored at the time of wakening. (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

InterventionMinutes (Least Squares Mean)
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg29.17
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)32.81
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg46.77
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)31.58
DPH 50mg41.05
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg36.38

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Sleep Efficiency Measured by Actigraphy

Sleep efficiency was calculated as (total sleep time/total time in-bed time) × 100; total in-bed time was fixed at 10 hours. Actigraphy is a non-intrusive tool that measures an individual's movement during sleep. Actigraphy was used to obtain data in discriminating between sleep and wake states in the subjects. (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

InterventionPercentage of sleep time (Least Squares Mean)
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg57.24
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)51.49
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg68.87
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)52.09
DPH 50mg12.85
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg56.70

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Change From Baseline in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score

Subjects completed the VAS scale at baseline (post-dental surgery) and after completion of the sleep period. Subjects marked a line on a 100-mm scale to indicate the severity of pain they are experiencing from 0 being no pain to 100 being worse possible pain.This measure indicates the change in pain severity rating on the VAS scale from baseline. (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 10 hours

InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg-44.04
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)-36.65
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg-47.26
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)-25.89
DPH 50mg6.00
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg-35.89

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Change From Baseline in Categorical Pain Rating Scale Score

Subjects responded to question, 'My pain at this time is' with following choices: no pain (0), mild pain (1), moderate pain (2), or severe pain (3). Subjects completed this question at baseline (post-dental surgery) and after sleep period. The following measure is the change in pain rating from baseline. (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to 10 hours

InterventionScores on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg-1.2
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)-1.0
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg-1.2
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)-0.7
DPH 50mg0.3
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg-0.9

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Activity Mean Measured by Actigraphy

Actigraphy is a non-intrusive tool that measures an individual's movement during sleep. Actigraphy was used to obtain data in discriminating between sleep and wake states in the subjects. Activity mean - average movement per minute. (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

InterventionMovement per minute (Least Squares Mean)
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg42.09
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)48.48
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg26.73
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)52.36
DPH 50mg72.43
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg41.14

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Overall Rating of Severity in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score

Subjects marked a line on a 100-mm scale to indicate the severity of pain they are experiencing from 0 being no pain to 100 being worse possible pain. (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: At 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
BaselinePost-Baseline
DPH 50mg79.1584.26
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg73.1138.19
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)73.7048.59
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg78.1930.33
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)77.2640.30
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg76.1132.11

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Overall Rating of Severity in Categorical Pain Rating Scale Score

Subject responded to question, 'My pain at this time is' by selecting one of the following choices: no pain (0), mild pain (1), moderate pain (2), or severe pain (3). (NCT01118273)
Timeframe: Up to 10 hours

,,,,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
BaselinePost-Baseline
DPH 50mg2.372.67
Ibuprofen 400 mg / Diphenhydramine Citrate 76 mg2.221.41
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689)2.481.78
Naproxen Sodium 220 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg2.481.26
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689)2.481.48
Naproxen Sodium 440 mg (BAYH6689) / DPH 50mg2.441.26

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Interpolated Average Pain (0-8 Hours)

Interpolated average pain (0 to 8 hours): area under the curve (AUC) of average pain (0 to 120 seconds) recorded at each of the time points taken over 8 hour time period divided by 8. (NCT01119222)
Timeframe: Pre-dose to 8 hours post-dose

Interventionhours (Least Squares Mean)
Gabpentin42.2
Morphine33.4
Diphenhydramine43.6
Placebo42.8

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Average Pain (0-120 Seconds): Cold Pain Test Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

"Area under the cold pain test Visual Analog Scale (VAS) time curve (AUCcpt 0 to 120 seconds [sec]) averaged over the 120 sec for each time point assessed. Participant adjusted 100 millimeter (mm) electronic VAS with range of no pain (0) to maximum pain (100) at the anchor endpoints of the scale and moderate pain at the midpoint. Pain reported while non-dominant hand was placed in thermostatically controlled water bath at 2±1°C for a maximum of 120 sec." (NCT01119222)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, and 8 hours post-dose

,,,
Interventionmm (Mean)
Pre-dose1 hour1.5 hours2 hours4 hours8 hours
Diphenhydramine45.045.142.340.544.243.8
Gabapentin45.241.939.440.441.944.7
Morphine45.528.626.125.634.736.7
Placebo44.938.440.239.544.344.2

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Total Fentanyl

Total fentanyl dose delivered during the procedure (NCT01158820)
Timeframe: During the bronchoscopy procedure only, 58.5 minutes average

Interventionµg (Median)
Placebo112.5
Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine68.75

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Total Midazolam

Total midazolam delivered during procedure (NCT01158820)
Timeframe: Duration of procedure

Interventionmg (Median)
Placebo4.5
Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine2.75

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Conversion to General Anesthesia

Patients in which the procedure could not be completed without conversion to general anesthesia (NCT01158820)
Timeframe: During the bronchoscopy procedure only, 58.5 minutes average

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Placebo6
Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine1

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Decreased Minute Ventilation

An initial baseline minute ventilation estimate was obtained via calibrated respiratory impedance plethysmography bands. Subsequent minute ventilation was normalized to this value. Values exceeding 100% were excluded from analysis, as these typically reflected a period of hyperpnea subsequent to relief of airway obstruction by chin lift or jaw thrust. (NCT01158820)
Timeframe: During the bronchoscopy procedure only, 58.5 minutes average

Interventionpercentage of baseline (Median)
Placebo0.736
Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine0.764

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Desaturation (Cumulative)

Cumulative time below saturation of 90% - the total number of seconds that the pulse oximeter reported a saturation below 90% (NCT01158820)
Timeframe: During the bronchoscopy procedure only, 58.5 minutes average

Interventionseconds (Median)
Placebo39
Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine40

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Desaturation (Longest)

Longest time below saturation of 90% (the number of seconds elapsed between the start of a period in which the pulse oximeter saturation fell below 90% and the return above 90%) (NCT01158820)
Timeframe: During the bronchoscopy procedure only, 58.5 minutes average

Interventionseconds (Median)
Placebo21
Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine18

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Endoscopist Satisfaction

Satisfaction rated by 10 point Likert scale (0 = Totally dissatisfied, 10 = Totally satisfied) (NCT01158820)
Timeframe: After the bronchoscopy procedure only

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Placebo7
Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine8

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Patient Satisfaction

Satisfaction rated by 10 point Likert scale (0 = Totally dissatisfied, 10 = Totally satisfied) (NCT01158820)
Timeframe: After the bronchoscopy procedure only

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Placebo9
Dexmedetomidine and Ketamine10

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Side Effects

(NCT01204255)
Timeframe: 3 months

InterventionTotal number of side effects (Number)
Application of Lorazepam, Diphenhydramine, Haloperidol0

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Lorazepam, Diphenyhydramine, Haloperidol Absorption

Level of lorazepam absorption measured by the serum concentration of the drug (NCT01204255)
Timeframe: 4 hours

Interventionng/ml (Mean)
lorazepam absorptiondiphenhydramine absorptionhaloperidol absorption
Application of Lorazepam, Diphenhydramine, Haloperidol0.080

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Percentage of Angioedema-free Days From Week 4 to Week 12

"The percentage of angioedema-free days from Weeks 4 to 12 was defined as the number of days for which a patient responded No to the angioedema question in the daily diary divided by the total number of days with a non-missing diary entry, starting at the Week 4 visit and ending the day prior to the Week 12 visit." (NCT01264939)
Timeframe: Week 4 to Week 12

InterventionPercentage of days (Mean)
Placebo88.1
Omalizumab 300 mg91.0

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Percentage of Complete Responders (UAS7 = 0) at Week 12

A complete responder was defined as a participant with a UAS7 score = 0 at Week 12. The UAS7 is the sum of the daily urticarial activity scores over 7 days and ranges from 0 to 42. The daily urticarial activity score is the average of the morning and evening urticarial activity scores and ranges from 0 to 6. The urticarial activity score is the sum of ratings on a scale of 0 to 3 (0=none to 3=intense/severe) for (1) the number of wheals (hives) and (2) itch intensity over the previous 12 hours, ranges from 0 to 6, and is measured twice daily (morning and evening). The Baseline score is the sum of the daily urticarial activity scores over the 7 days prior to the first treatment. A higher urticarial activity score indicates more urticaria activity. (NCT01264939)
Timeframe: Week 12

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo4.8
Omalizumab 300 mg33.7

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Percentage of Participants With a UAS7 Score ≤ 6 at Week 12

The UAS7 is the sum of the daily urticarial activity scores over 7 days and ranges from 0 to 42. The daily urticarial activity score is the average of the morning and evening urticarial activity scores and ranges from 0 to 6. The urticarial activity score is the sum of ratings on a scale of 0 to 3 (0=none to 3=intense/severe) for (1) the number of wheals (hives) and (2) itch intensity over the previous 12 hours, ranges from 0 to 6, and is measured twice daily (morning and evening). The Baseline score is the sum of the daily urticarial activity scores over the 7 days prior to the first treatment. A higher urticarial activity score indicates more urticaria activity. (NCT01264939)
Timeframe: Week 12

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo12.0
Omalizumab 300 mg52.4

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Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events

The percentage of participants with serious adverse events and other adverse events is summarized by MedDRA preferred terms and organ classes in the Reported Adverse Events section below. (NCT01264939)
Timeframe: Baseline to the end of study (up to 40 weeks)

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo78.3
Omalizumab 300 mg83.7

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Percentage of Weekly Itch Severity Score MID Responders at Week 12

The percentage of participants with an itch severity score at 12 Weeks at least 5 points lower than at Baseline. The weekly itch severity score is the sum of the daily itch severity scores over 7 days and ranges from 0 to 21. The daily itch severity score is the average of the morning and evening scores on a scale of 0 (none) to 3 (severe). The Baseline weekly itch severity score is the sum of the daily itch severity scores over the 7 days prior to the first treatment. A higher itch severity score indicates more severe itching. (NCT01264939)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Placebo39.8
Omalizumab 300 mg69.8

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Time to Minimally Important Difference (MID) Response in the Weekly Itch Severity Score by Week 12

The time to the MID response is the number of weeks from the start of treatment (Baseline) until the time point at which the first MID response occurs. The MID response is defined as a reduction ≥ 5 points from Baseline in the weekly itch severity score. The weekly itch severity score is the sum of the daily itch severity scores over 7 days and ranges from 0 to 21. The daily itch severity score is the average of the morning and evening scores on a scale of 0 (none) to 3 (severe). The Baseline weekly itch severity score is the sum of the daily itch severity scores over the 7 days prior to the first treatment. A higher itch severity score indicates more severe itching. (NCT01264939)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Placebo5.0
Omalizumab 300 mg2.0

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Change From Baseline in the Overall Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) Score at Week 12

The DLQI is a 10-item dermatology-specific health-related quality of life measure. Patients rated their dermatology symptoms as well as the impact of their skin condition on various aspects of their lives on a scale of 0 (Not at all) to 3 (Very much). The overall DLQI is the sum of the responses to the 10 items and ranges from 0 to 30. A lower score indicates a better quality of life. A negative change score indicates improvement. (NCT01264939)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-5.11
Omalizumab 300 mg-9.69

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Change From Baseline to Week 12 in the Urticaria Activity Score Over 7 Days (UAS7)

The UAS7 is the sum of the daily urticarial activity scores over 7 days and ranges from 0 to 42. The daily urticarial activity score is the average of the morning and evening urticarial activity scores and ranges from 0 to 6. The urticarial activity score is the sum of ratings on a scale of 0 to 3 (0=none to 3=intense/severe) for (1) the number of wheals (hives) and (2) itch intensity over the previous 12 hours, ranges from 0 to 6, and is measured twice daily (morning and evening). The Baseline score is the sum of the daily urticarial activity scores over the 7 days prior to the first treatment. A higher urticarial activity score indicates more urticaria activity. A negative change score indicates improvement. (NCT01264939)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-8.50
Omalizumab 300 mg-19.01

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Change From Baseline to Week 12 in the Weekly Itch Severity Score

The weekly itch severity score is the sum of the daily itch severity scores over 7 days and ranges from 0 to 21. The daily itch severity score is the average of the morning and evening scores on a scale of 0 (none) to 3 (severe). The Baseline weekly itch severity score is the sum of the daily itch severity scores over the 7 days prior to the first treatment. A higher itch severity score indicates more severe itching. A negative change score indicates improvement. (NCT01264939)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-4.01
Omalizumab 300 mg-8.55

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Change From Baseline to Week 12 in the Weekly Number of Hives Score

The weekly hives score is the sum of the daily hives scores over 7 days and ranges from 0 to 21. The number of hives is measured twice daily (morning and evening) on a scale of 0 (none) to 3 (> 12 hives per 12 hours). The daily hives score is the average of the morning and evening scores. The Baseline score is the sum of the daily hives scores over the 7 days prior to the first treatment. A higher score indicates more hives. A negative change score indicates improvement. (NCT01264939)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-4.49
Omalizumab 300 mg-10.46

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Change From Baseline to Week 12 in the Weekly Size of the Largest Hive Score

The weekly size of the largest hive score is the sum of the daily size of the largest hive scores over 7 days and ranges from 0 to 21. The daily size of the largest hive score is assessed twice daily (morning and evening) on a scale of 0 (none) to 3 (> 2.5 cm). The daily size of the largest hive score is the average of the morning and evening scores. The Baseline weekly size of the largest hive score is calculated over the 7 days prior to the first treatment. A higher score indicates larger hives. A negative change score indicates a reduction in hive size. (NCT01264939)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 12

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Placebo-3.09
Omalizumab 300 mg-8.82

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Effect of Ibuprofen, Diphenhydramine and Aluminium MgS Measured on Decrease in Pain Level and Burning Sensation

pain sensation was measured by VAS (Visual Analogue Scale, a scaled ruler which the zero point displays the zone of lack of pain and the 10th point was considered as the zone of maximum pain)) 4 days after the consumption of the solution (NCT01293968)
Timeframe: four days after the start of the study

Interventionscores in Visual Analogue Scale (Mean)
Ibuprofen, Diphenhydramine and Aluminium MgS3.176
Diphenhydramine and Aluminium MgS3.821

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Scaled Token Motor Task Test Score

Participants were given 100 plastic tokens and asked to place them in a container, 2 at a time, as quickly as possible for 60 seconds. The number of tokens correctly placed in the container was the Token Motor Task score (range: 0-100). The BAC was conducted prior to each simulated driving test. The Token Motor Task scaled test score was calculated as indicated for the Verbal Memory Test. Change from baseline was calculated as the Day composite score minus the Baseline composite score. The scaled test score range is -6.95 to 3.35, with higher scaled scores indicating better cognition. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,,
Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Day 14, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 15, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 16, n=32, 28, 33, 28
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo0.4-0.00.4
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo0.2-0.20.1
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 160.30.20.4
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo0.20.40.4

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in Overall Average Speed

Participants were instructed to maintain a speed of 55 miles per hour during the driving assessment. Change from baseline in overall average speed was calculated as the Day 14 (in the evening), 15 (in the morning), or 16 (at Tmax of GEn and DPH) mean speed over the 1-hour drive minus the Baseline (Days -1 and 1) mean speed over the 1-hour drive. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1 and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,,
Interventionmiles per hour (Mean)
Day 14, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 15, n=32, 28, 31, 27Day 16, n=30, 28, 33, 28
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo0.660.330.90
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo0.420.300.92
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 160.120.370.84
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo1.240.751.70

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in Overall Average Lane Position

Lane position was measured from the center line of the 26 foot wide 2-lane paved road to the center of the vehicle. Change from baseline in overall average lane position was calculated as the Day 14 (in the evening), 15 (in the morning after GEn dosed at 5 PM), or 16 (assessment at Tmax of GEn and DPH) mean lane position over the 1-hour drive minus the Baseline (Days -1 and 1) mean lane position over the 1-hour drive. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1 and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,,
Interventionfeet (Mean)
Day 14, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 15, n=32, 28, 31, 27Day 16, n=30, 28, 33, 28
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo-0.020.120.13
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo0.030.040.14
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 160.080.040.08
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo0.050.010.17

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in Brake Reaction Time

Brake reaction time was assessed as the time it took for each participant to move their foot off the accelerator and onto the brake pedal after the appearance of a stop sign on the simulation screen. Change from baseline was calculated as the Day 14, 15, or 16 mean reaction time minus the Baseline (Days -1 and 1) mean reaction time. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1 and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,,
Interventionseconds (Mean)
Day 14, n=33, 25, 32, 27Day 15, n=32, 25, 30, 25Day 16, n=30, 28, 33, 27
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo-0.07-0.03-0.05
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo-0.03-0.01-0.03
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 16-0.04-0.05-0.03
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo-0.04-0.00-0.04

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Number of Participants With the Indicated Post Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) Responses at Day 14

The PSQ is designed to evaluate sleep quality, ability to function, and the degree to which RLS symptoms interfere with sleep. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Day 14

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Sleep Quality: ExcellentSleep Quality: ReasonableSleep Quality: PoorAbility to Function: ExcellentAbility to Function: GoodAbility to Function: ModerateAbility to Function: Poor0 Nights with RLS Symptoms1-2 Nights with RLS Symptoms3-4 Nights with RLS Symptoms5-6 Nights with RLS Symptoms7 Nights with RLS Symptoms0 Awakenings/Night due to RLS1-2 Wakenings/Night due to RLS3-4 Awakenings/Night due to RLS5+ Awakenings/Night due to RLS0 Hours Awake/Night due to RLS<1 Hour Awake/Night due to RLS1-<2 Hours Awake/Night due to RLS2-<3 Hours Awake/Night due to RLS3+ Hours Awake/Night due to RLS
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo5185617508761671821234010
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo1417211184010983382311310020
GEn Placebo and DPH93121832201812171311104182533320

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Number of Participants With the Indicated Number of Simulated Crashes on Days 14 (Evening), 15 (Morning After Dose), and 16 (Tmax)

A simulated crash was defined as a collision with an oncoming car or obstacle (e.g., tree) or when the distance to the center line was greater than 18 feet on either side of the road. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Days 14, 15, and 16

,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Day 14; 1 Crash, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 14; 2 Crashes, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 14; 3 Crashes, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 14; 4 Crashes, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 14; 5 Crashes, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 14; 13 Crashes, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 15; 1 Crash, n=33, 28, 31, 28Day 15; 2 Crashes, n=33, 28, 31, 28Day 15; 4 Crashes, n=33, 28, 31, 28Day 15; 13 Crashes, n=33, 28, 31, 28Day 16; 1 Crash, n=30, 28, 33, 28Day 16; 3 Crashes, n=30, 28, 33, 28Day 16; 4 Crashes, n=30, 28, 33, 28Day 16; 5 Crashes, n=30, 28, 33, 28Day 16; 13 Crashes, n=30, 28, 33, 28Day 16; 17 Crashes, n=30, 28, 33, 28
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo1201114321511001
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo0010001000320010
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 161000000000200100
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo2200001000000000

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Number of Participants in Each Category of the Participant-Rated Clinician Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) Scale at Day 14

"The participant-rated CGI-I scale is a self-rated assessment designed to allow participants to rate the change of their disease severity over time based on a seven-point scale, with a score of 1 being very much improved and a score of 7 being very much worse." (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Day 14

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Very Much Improved, score of 1Much Improved, score of 2Minimally Improved, score of 3No Change, score of 4Minimally Worse, score of 5Much Worse, score of 6Very Much Worse, score of 7
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo91133200
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo14964000
GEn Placebo and DPH7161417520

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Percentage of Participants With no Reported RLS Symptoms During the 24-hour RLS Record at Day 14

The 24-Hour RLS Record is a diary in which participants report the presence and severity of RLS symptoms (none, mild, moderate, or severe) for a 24-hour period, in 30-min increments beginning at 8AM on the day prior to the visit. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Day 14

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
GEn Placebo and DPH9.84
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo35.71
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo42.42

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Number of Participants With no Reported RLS Symptoms During Each of the 4-hour Periods From the 24-hour RLS Record at Day 14

The 24-Hour RLS Record is a diary in which participants report the presence and severity of RLS symptoms (none, mild, moderate, or severe) for a 24-hour period, in 30-minute increments. The period was divided into 7 four-hour intervals (8 AM to 12 PM, 12 PM to 4 PM, 4 PM to 8 PM, 6 PM to 10 PM, 8 PM to 12 Midnight, Midnight to 4 AM, and 4 AM to 8 AM). (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Day 14

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
8 AM to 12 PM12 PM to 4 PM4 PM to 8 PM6 PM to 10 PM8 PM to 12 AM12 AM to 4 AM4 AM to 8 AM
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo21201918131723
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo27232623182426
GEn Placebo and DPH37353627182439

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) in Overall Lane Position Variability (LPV) on Day 16 (Tmax)

Lane position variability (LPV) was defined as the standard deviation of lane position, and was measured from the center line of the 26 foot wide 2-lane paved road to the center of the vehicle. Change from baseline in overall LPV was calculated as the Day 16 mean LPV over the 1-hour drive minus the Baseline mean LPV over the 1-hour drive. The Day 16 measurement is at the time of maximum concentration (Tmax) for both GEn and DPH. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 16

Interventionfeet (Least Squares Mean)
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo-0.10
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo0.15
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo0.15
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 160.16

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Number of Participants in Each Category of the Investigator-Rated Clinician Global Impression of Improvement (CGI-I) Scale at Day 14

"The CGI scale is a widely used tool designed to allow clinicians to rate the severity of illness and the change of the disease severity over time based on a seven-point rating scale, with a score of 1 being very much improved and a score of 7 being very much worse compared to baseline." (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Day 14

,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Very Much Improved, score of 1Much Improved, score of 2Minimally Improved, score of 3No Change, score of 4Minimally Worse, score of 5Much Worse, score of 6Very Much Worse, score of 7
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo10774000
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo15864000
GEn Placebo and DPH7151915410

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Mean Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PghSD) Sleep Onset Items

The PghSD assessed participant's previous night's sleep. Change from baseline was calculated as the Day 14 (in the evening), 15 (in the morning), and 16 (at Tmax of GEn and DPH) value minus the Baseline (Days -1 and 1) value. Latency to sleep onset (time to fall asleep) and wake time after sleep onset are expressed in minutes. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,
Interventionminutes (Mean)
Day 14; Latency to Sleep Onset, n=61, 28, 33Day 14; Wake Time After Sleep Onset, n=59, 26, 33Day 15; Latency to Sleep Onset n=61, 28, 33Day 15; Wake Time After Sleep Onset, n=60, 28, 33Day 16; Latency to Sleep Onset, n=60, 28, 23Day 16; Wake Time After Sleep Onset, n=59, 26, 33
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo-3.2-23.3-14.9-30.8-3.3-26.3
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo-25.7-26.9-35.8-14.8-19.3-9.9
GEn Placebo and DPH-8.1-14.0-8.74.9-17.3-15.8

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Mean Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in the Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PghSD) Sleep Quality

"The PghSD assessed a participant's previous night's sleep. Sleep quality was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Participants indicated their sleep quality by marking a vertical line on a horizontal scale anchored by responses very bad and very good. VAS score was determined by measuring the distance in millimeters (mm) from the left hand end of the line to the point that the participant marked. Scores ranged from 0 to 100 mm with higher scores indicating better sleep quality and lower scores indicating worse sleep quality." (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,
Interventionmillimeters (Mean)
Day 14, n=61, 28, 33Day 15, n=61, 28, 33Day 16, n=59, 28, 33
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo29.924.627.4
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo35.118.016.7
GEn Placebo and DPH21.211.820.7

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) Total Score

"The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a questionnaire designed to evaluate daytime sleepiness. Participants were asked to rate how likely they were to doze or fall asleep during 8 activities on a scale of 0 (would never do) to 3 (high chance of dozing). The total score ranges from 0-24, with a score greater than 10 representing excessive daytime sleepiness (an increased chance of dozing). Change from baseline was calculated as the Day 14 total score minus the Baseline total score." (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 14

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo-2.6
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo-2.3
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo-2.4
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 16-2.4

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Mean Change From Baseline (Day -1) at Day 14 in the International Restless Legs Syndrome (IRLS) Rating Scale Total Score

The IRLS Rating scale is a measure of RLS disease severity and reflects the participant-reported assessment of primary sensory and motor features and associated sleep problems in RLS. Items are included that assess the impact of symptoms on participants' mood, daily life, and activities. The total score ranges from 0-40 points, with 40 being the most severe. The scale assesses symptoms over the week prior to measurement. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Day 14

Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
GEn Placebo and DPH-7.6
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo-12.4
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo-13.1

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in Overall Lane Position Variability (LPV)

Lane position variability (LPV) was defined as the standard deviation of lane position, and was measured from the center line of the 26 foot wide 2-lane paved road to the center of the vehicle. Change from baseline in overall LPV was calculated as the Day 14 (in the evening) or Day 15 (in the morning after GEn dosed at 5 PM) mean LPV over the 1-hour drive minus the Baseline (Day -1 or Day 1) mean LPV over the 1-hour drive. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1 and 1) and Days 14 and 15

,,,
Interventionfeet (Mean)
Day 14, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 15, n=32, 28, 31, 27
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo0.170.13
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo-0.010.02
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 16-0.08-0.10
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo-0.06-0.01

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Median Time to Onset of a Participant's First RLS Symptoms Using the 24-hour RLS Symptom Record at Day 14

The 24-Hour RLS Record is a diary in which participants report the presence and severity of RLS symptoms (none, mild, moderate, or severe) for a 24-hour period, in 30-min increments beginning at 8AM on the day prior to the visit. For Arms 2 and 3, upper limits of the confidence intervals are not available, as they are beyond the 24-hour time frame. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Day 14

Interventionparticipants (Median)
GEn Placebo and DPH7.0
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo14.3
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo15.5

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Number of Participants Who Responded to Treatment Based on Scores on the Investigator-Rated CGI-I at Day 14

"The investigator-rated CGI-I is a clinician-rated assessment designed to allow clinicians to rate the change of their participant's disease severity over time based on a seven-point scale, with a score of 1 being very much improved, and a score of 7 being very much worse compared to baseline. For this endpoint, response was defined as a rating of very much improved or much improved (score of 1 or 2 on the scale) compared to baseline." (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Day 14

Interventionparticipants (Number)
GEn Placebo and DPH22
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo17
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo23

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Scaled Tower of London (TOL) Score

Participants (par.) were asked to look at 2 pictures simultaneously; each picture showed 3 different colored balls arranged on 3 pegs. Par. were to estimate the number of times the balls in 1 picture would have to be moved to make the arrangement of balls identical to that of the second picture. Par. were allowed 20 seconds to respond to each pair of pictures. The number of correct items was the TOL Score (range: 0-22). The TOL scaled test score was calculated as indicated for the Verbal Memory Test. The scaled test score range is -7.53 to 2.76; higher scaled scores indicate better cognition. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,,
Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Day 14, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 15, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 16, n=32, 28, 33, 28
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo0.20.30.5
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo0.30.40.5
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 160.50.50.6
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo0.30.20.1

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Scaled Symbol Coding Test Score

Participants were given a list of numbers (numerals 1-9) that were each associated with a unique symbol. Participants decoded a list of 110 symbols as quickly as possible in 90 seconds. The total number of symbols correctly decoded was the Symbol Coding Score (range: 0-110). The Symbol Coding scaled test score was calculated as indicated for the Verbal Memory Test. Change from baseline was calculated as the Day composite score minus the Baseline composite score. The scaled test score range is -7 to 10.08, with higher scaled scores indicating better cognition. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,,
Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Day 14, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 15, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 16, n=32, 28, 33, 28
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo0.60.51.4
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo0.5-0.01.0
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 160.60.41.3
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo0.60.51.3

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Scaled Verbal Memory Test Score

Participants were presented with 15 words and asked to recall as many as possible; the procedure was repeated 5 times. The total number of words recalled correctly across the 5 administrations of the list was the participant's Verbal Memory Recall score (range: 0-75). The scaled test score was calculated as ((BAC component raw test score - healthy control sample test mean)/healthy control sample test standard deviation); a healthy control sample was matched to the participant's sex and age category. The scaled test score range is -7.37 to 4.86; higher scaled scores indicate better cognition. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,,
Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Day 14, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 15, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 16, n=32, 28, 33, 28
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo0.10.1-0.1
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo0.2-0.00.1
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 160.10.10.0
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo0.10.2-0.2

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Scaled Verbal Fluency Test Score

Verbal Fluency included one semantic fluency and two letter fluency tasks. Participants were given 60 seconds to name as many words as possible within a given semantic category (supermarket items), and in two separate trials, participants were given 60 seconds to generate as many words as possible that began with a given letter. The total number of words from all of the 3 trials was the Verbal Fluency score (range: 0-150). The scaled test score was calculated as indicated for the Verbal Memory Test. The scaled test score range is -5 to 10.83; higher scaled scores indicate better cognition. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1 and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,,
Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Day 14, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 15, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 16, n=32, 28, 33, 28
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo0.50.10.7
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo0.40.20.4
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 160.60.40.9
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo0.20.40.7

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Number of Participants Who Responded to Treatment Based on Scores on the Participant-Rated CGI-I at Day 14

"The participant-rated CGI-I is a self-rated assessment designed to allow participants to rate the change of their disease severity over time based on a seven-point scale, with a score of 1 being very much improved, and a score of 7 being very much worse. Response was defined as a rating of very much improved or much improved (score of 1 or 2 on the scale)." (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Day 14

Interventionparticipants (Number)
GEn Placebo and DPH23
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo20
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo23

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Scaled Digit Sequencing Score (DSS)

Participants (par.) were presented with sets of numbers of increasing length and asked to tell the experimenter the numbers in order from lowest to highest. The task has 7 levels; the first level had 2 digits in the set (e.g., 5, 2); the second level had 3 digits in the set, etc. The number of times the par. correctly arranged the numbers was recorded as the score for each level. The DSS is the sum of the 7 level scores (range: 0-28). The scaled test score was calculated as indicated for the Verbal Memory Test and ranges from -6.68 to 2.73; higher scaled scores indicate better cognition. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,,
Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Day 14, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 15, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 16, n=32, 28, 33, 28
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo0.20.30.4
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo0.4-0.20.5
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 160.30.10.7
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo0.30.20.3

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) on the Brief Assessment of Cognition (BAC) Composite Score

The BAC was designed as a comprehensive measure of cognitive function, including 6 individual tests: Verbal Memory Recall, Digit Sequencing, Token Motor Task, Verbal Fluency, Symbol Coding, and Tower of London. The composite/total BAC score is calculated by scoring each individual test, comparing each score to a healthy control sample (matched for sex and age category) to create z-scores, summing the z-scores, and rescaling the sum. The composite score range is -2127.8 to 1878.8, with higher scores indicating better cognition. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1 and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,,
Interventionscores on a scale (Mean)
Day 14, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 15, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 16, n=32, 28, 33, 28
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo5.33.49.1
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo5.30.27.1
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 167.04.810.7
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo4.64.87.2

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in the Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PghSD) Total Sleep Time Item

The PghSD assessed a participant's previous night's sleep. Change from baseline was calculated as the Day 14 (in the evening), 15 (in the morning after dose), and 16 (at Tmax)value minus the Baseline (Days -1 and 1) value. Total sleep time is expressed in hours. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1 and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,
Interventionhours (Mean)
Day 14, n=59, 26, 33Day 15, n=60, 28, 33Day 16, n=59, 26, 33
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo0.20.20.3
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo1.00.30.4
GEn Placebo and DPH0.3-0.20.5

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in the Alertness Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score

"Alertness VAS was completed immediately before and after each simulated driving assessment. Participants indicated their alertness by marking a vertical line on a horizontal scale anchored by responses extremely sleepy and extremely alert. VAS score was determined by measuring the distance in millimeters (mm) from the left hand end of the line to the point the participant marked. Scores ranged from 0-100 mm, with higher scores indicating more alertness and lower scores indicating more sleepiness. Change score was calculated as the Day 14, 15, or 16 VAS score minus the Baseline VAS score." (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Days -1 and 1) and Days 14, 15, and 16

,,,
Interventionmillimeters (Mean)
Day 14; Pre-Drive, n=33, 28, 32, 28Day 14; Post-Drive, n=33, 28, 32, 28Day 14; Post-Pre Drive Difference, n=33,28,32,28Day 15; Pre-Drive, n=33, 27, 33, 28Day 15; Post-Drive, n=33, 27, 32, 27Day 15; Post-Pre Drive Difference, n=33,27,32,27Day 16; Pre-Drive, n=32, 28, 33, 28Day 16; Post-Drive, n=31, 28, 33, 28Day 16; Post-Pre Drive Difference, n=31,28,33,28
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo-2.63.25.90.2-6.1-6.30.8-3.6-4.5
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo-3.53.34.97.24.8-2.2-8.8-7.51.3
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 16-3.1-3.00.10.4-3.1-3.7-11.8-14.0-2.3
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo4.57.73.11.5-3.2-4.76.314.37.7

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Change From Baseline (Day -1) to Day 14 (Evening) and Day 16 (at Tmax) and Change From Baseline (Day 1) to Day 15 (Morning After Dose) in Overall Speed Variability

Speed variability was defined as the standard deviation of the speed (measured in miles per hour). Participants were instructed to maintain a speed of 55 miles per hour during the test drive. Change from baseline in overall speed variability was calculated as the Day 14 (in the evening), 15 (in the morning), or 16 (at Tmax of GEn and DPH) mean speed variability over the 1-hour drive minus the Baseline (Days -1 and 1) mean speed variability over the 1-hour drive. (NCT01332318)
Timeframe: Baseline (Day -1) and Days 14 and 16; baseline (Day 1) and Day 15

,,,
Interventionmiles per hour (Mean)
Day 14, n=33, 28, 33, 28Day 15, n=32, 28, 31, 27Day 16, n=30, 28, 33, 28
GEn 1200 mg and DPH Placebo-0.190.43-0.12
GEn 1800 mg and DPH Placebo-0.32-0.070.23
GEn Placebo and DPH 50 mg on Day 16-0.47-0.33-0.08
GEn Placebo and DPH Placebo-0.22-0.26-0.54

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Overall Response Rate (ORR)

"Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by MRI: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR." (NCT01332630)
Timeframe: 8-24 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
TPI 28721

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Progression Free Survival (PFS)

PFS is measured from the initiation of treatment to the time of first disease progression or death due to any reason during the first drug administration in each arm. Progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0), as a 20% or more increase in the sum of the longest diameters of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion or the appearance of new lesions. The PFS median of first drug pazopanib (treatment group) was compared to the PFS median of first drug temsirolimus (control group) in an adjusted Hazard ratio. The hazard ratio compares events from a treatment group to a control group. If the hazard ratio is greater than 1the treatment group performed better. If the hazard ratio is less than 1 the control group performed better. If the hazard ratio is equal to 1, then the groups performed equally. (NCT01392183)
Timeframe: Measured form start of treatment up to 3 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Temsirolimus (Control Group)2.7
Pazopanib (Treatment Group)5.2

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Overall Survival (OS)

Overall survival is calculated from day of therapy initiation of the first administrated drug to the date of death. Kaplan-Meier estimator used to estimate the OS for each group of participants. The Overall Survival median of first drug pazopanib (treatment group) was compared to the Overall Survival median of first drug temsirolimus (control group) in an adjusted Hazard ratio. The hazard ratio compares events from a treatment group to a control group. If the hazard ratio is greater than 1the treatment group performed better. If the hazard ratio is less than 1 the control group performed better. If the hazard ratio is equal to 1, then the groups performed equally. (NCT01392183)
Timeframe: From the start of treatment up to 6 years or death, whichever came first

Interventionmonths (Median)
Temsirolimus (Control Group)7.1
Pazopanib (Treatment Group)11.9

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Quality of Recovery 40 at 24 Hours

Scores on QOR (quality of recovery) 40 questionnaire.The QoR-40 score, which ranges from 40 to 200, representing very poor to outstanding quality of recovery, respectively. (NCT01451762)
Timeframe: 24 hours post operatively

Interventionunits on scale 40 (low) - 200 (high) (Median)
Placebo164
25 mg Diphenhydramine IV169
50 mg Diphenhydramine IV172

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Proportion of Patients With a Complete Response/Complete Control During the First 24 Hours After Neurological Surgery Under General Anesthesia

"To assess the efficacy of triple therapy with Scopolamine, Ondansetron and Dexamethasone for prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in high risk patients during the first 24 hours after neurological surgery under general anesthesia.~- Proportion of patients with a complete response/complete control during the first 24 hours after neurological surgery under general anesthesia.~Complete Control is defined as no emetic episode, no need for rescue medication and no more than mild nausea overall after neurological surgery and general anesthesia.~Complete Response is defined as no vomiting and no rescue therapy after neurological surgery and general anesthesia." (NCT01474915)
Timeframe: 24 hours post operatively

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Complete ControlComplete Response
Aprepitant3830
Ondansetron4130

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Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Scores on a Verbal Response Scale

"To assess the efficacy of triple therapy with Scopolamine, Ondansetron and Dexamethasone for prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in high risk patients during a delayed period after neurological surgery under general anesthesia.~- Assess the severity of nausea and vomiting during the first 24 hours after neurological surgery.~Nausea is evaluated by a standard verbal response scale (VRS) ranging from 0-10, 0 being no nausea and 10 being severe nausea. Vomiting is evaluated by the investigator or nursing staff numerically as either 0, no vomiting;, 1, mild vomiting;, 2, moderate vomiting;, or 3, severe vomiting." (NCT01474915)
Timeframe: 24 hours post-operatively

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Nausea episodesVomiting episodes
Aprepitant11.5
Ondansetron11.5

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Quantify the Amounts of Phenergan Used Between the Two Groups.

(NCT01510379)
Timeframe: one week

Interventionmg (Mean)
Reletex42
Control57.6

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Comparison of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Scores Between Groups Treated With a ReletexTM Device and Those Without the Device.

Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) Likert scale, 0-10 (0=no PONV, 10=worst PONV). (NCT01510379)
Timeframe: 24 hours

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Reletex1.81
Control2.03

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The Change in Numeric Rating Scale in Self-reported Nausea From Baseline Minus 60 Minutes of Treatment.

"The outcome measure for change was calculated from value at baseline minus value at 60 minutes. Subjects were asked to rate their nausea on a 0 (no nausea) to 10 (worst possible nausea) scale. Subjects who were eligible were randomly assigned to two sequences: one sequence used ABH gel first and then placebo; and the other sequence used placebo first and then ABH gel. We assumed that there was no carry-over effect from the first treatment to the second. A paired t-test was used to compare if ABH gel is not better than the placebo gel. A repeated measure analysis was used to compare the two treatment sequences. This endpoint was chosen as the drug gel because it is typically used as a prn (as needed) gel in actual practice, when relief is needed in short order." (NCT01556932)
Timeframe: 60 minutes after application

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
ABH Gel1.70
Placebo0.90

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Skin Irritation Score After Patch Removal

Numbers of subjects with each skin irritation score. The scale scoring criteria are 0(-): Negative, 0.5(±): Faint erythema, 1(+): Erythema, 2(++): Erythema + edema, 3(+++): Erythema + edema + papules, serous papule, vesicles, 4(++++): Coalescing vesicles. (NCT01737931)
Timeframe: Up to 72 hours after patch removal

,,
InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
- (1 hour after patch removal)± (1 hour after patch removal)+ (1 hour after patch removal)- (24 hours after patch removal)± (24 hours after patch removal)+ (24 hours after patch removal)- (48 hours after patch removal)± (48 hours after patch removal)- (72 hours after patch removal)± (72 hours after patch removal)
No-treatment10.045.045.060.030.010.080.020.090.010.0
Topical Antihistamine5.655.638.952.636.810.594.75.394.75.3
Topical Steroid5.363.231.657.936.85.389.510.594.45.6

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Itching of Application Site Evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

"Itching of application site evaluated by the visual analogue scale (VAS) 24 hours after 2 mg/24 hour patch removal (dose-escalation period) and difference between Steroid or Antihistamine and No-treatment.~The score ranges from 0 (no itching) to 100 (strongest imaginable itching)." (NCT01737931)
Timeframe: 24 hours after 2 mg/24 hr patch removal

InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Topical Steroid1.6
Topical Antihistamine0.4
No-treatment0.9

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Itching of Application Site Evaluated by VAS After Patch Removal

"Changes of itching of application site evaluated by VAS after patch removal (acceleration and dose-escalation periods).~The score ranges from 0 (no itching) to 100 (strongest imaginable itching)." (NCT01737931)
Timeframe: Up to 96 hours after patch removal

,,
InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
3 hours after patch removal6 hours after patch removal24 hours after patch removal48 hours after patch removal72 hours after patch removal96 hours after patch removal
No-treatment-2.2-2.3-2.6-2.9-3.0-3.0
Topical Antihistamine-3.0-3.3-2.6-3.6-3.8-3.8
Topical Steroid-2.8-3.3-3.9-3.9-4.1-4.3

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Skin Irritation Score of the Application Site

"Skin irritation score of the application site 24 hours after 2 mg/24 hour patch removal (dose-escalation period) and difference between Steroid or Antihistamine and No-treatment.~The scale scoring criteria are 0(-): Negative, 0.5(±): Faint erythema, 1(+): Erythema, 2(++): Erythema + edema, 3(+++): Erythema + edema + papules, serous papule, vesicles, 4(++++): Coalescing vesicles." (NCT01737931)
Timeframe: 24 hours after 2 mg/24 hr patch removal

InterventionScores on a scale (Mean)
Topical Steroid0.237
Topical Antihistamine0.289
No-treatment0.250

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Number of Patients Who Achieve Adequate Sedation to Allow Colonoscopy (Defined as MOAA/S ≤3)

Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) scale. This scale ranges from 0 to 5, where 0 denotes general anesthesia, in which the patient has no response to painful stimuli, and 5 denotes a level of minimal sedation in which the patient is fully awake. (NCT01769586)
Timeframe: Approximately 10 minutes or less

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Diphenhydramine27
Midazolam65

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Number of Participants With Sustained Headache Relief Assessed by Self-evaluation

"Sustained headache relief is defined as achieving a headache level of mild or none within two hours and maintaining a level of mild or none for 48 hours. Patient self-evaluated pain level is solicited every half hour for two hours in the Emergency Department and then by telephone 48 hours after discharge from emergency department" (NCT01825941)
Timeframe: up to 2 hours in Emergency Department, 48 hours after discharge from Emergency Department

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Metoclopramide + Diphenhydramine40
Metoclopramide + Placebo38

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Apparent Body Clearance (CL/F) of Buprenorphine and Naloxone

Apparent body clearance (only for buprenorphine and naloxone), calculated as Dose/AUC0-inf. (NCT01846455)
Timeframe: before dosing (time 0; Baseline) and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after dosing

,,,,
InterventionL/hr (Geometric Mean)
Buprenorphine (5,4,5,3,6)Naloxone (5,6,5,4,7)
HCV Without Hepatic Impairment2325874
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh A1827448
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh B1061824
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh C78.3344
No Hepatic Disease or Impairment1935148

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Apparent Volume of Distribution During Terminal Phase (Vz/F) of Buprenorphine and Naloxone

Apparent volume of distribution during terminal phase (only for buprenorphine and naloxone), calculated as Dose/(λz • AUC0-inf). (NCT01846455)
Timeframe: before dosing (time 0; Baseline) and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after dosing

,,,,
InterventionLiters (Geometric Mean)
Buprenorphine (5,4,5,3,6)Naloxone (5,6,5,4,7)
HCV Without Hepatic Impairment958015845
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh A722623150
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh B695914353
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh C63732272
No Hepatic Disease or Impairment917615294

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity (AUC0-inf) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide

"The extrapolation to infinity was done using the terminal phase.~AUC0-inf = AUC0-last + Ct/λz~Where Ct was the last observed quantifiable concentration and λz was the apparent terminal phase elimination rate constant." (NCT01846455)
Timeframe: before dosing (time 0; Baseline) and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after dosing

,,,,
Interventionng*hr/mL (Geometric Mean)
Buprenorphine (5,4,5,3,6)Norbuprenorphine (3,3,1,3,3)Naloxone (5,6,5,4,7)Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide (5,7,6,5,4)
HCV Without Hepatic Impairment8.6113.90.085121.5
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh A11.025.40.067121.9
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh B18.917.10.27428.9
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh C25.56.671.4521.3
No Hepatic Disease or Impairment10.316.00.097126.0

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Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Time of Last Measurable Concentration (AUC0-last) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide

"AUC0-last was calculated for buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine, naloxone, and naloxone-3-β-D-glucuronide using non-compartmental analysis:~AUC0-last = AUC from time 0 to the time of the last measurable plasma concentration, calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule." (NCT01846455)
Timeframe: before dosing (time 0; Baseline) and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after dosing

,,,,
Interventionng*hr/mL (Geometric Mean)
BuprenorphineNorbuprenorphineNaloxoneNaloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide
HCV Without Hepatic Impairment7.029.910.096819.1
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh A8.8912.50.072619.3
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh B14.79.510.29127.9
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh C25.22.251.2820.6
No Hepatic Disease or Impairment8.9515.00.091522.5

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Time to Reach the Maximum Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide

(NCT01846455)
Timeframe: before dosing (time 0; Baseline) and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after dosing

,,,,
Interventionhours (Median)
BuprenorphineNorbuprenorphineNaloxoneNaloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide
HCV Without Hepatic Impairment1.381.001.000.750
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh A1.251.250.8750.500
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh B1.501.250.7500.750
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh C1.000.8750.7500.500
No Hepatic Disease or Impairment1.751.001.130.500

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Time of the Last Measureable Plasma Concentration (Tlast) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide

(NCT01846455)
Timeframe: before dosing (time 0; Baseline) and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after dosing

,,,,
Interventionhours (Median)
BuprenorphineNorbuprenorphineNaloxoneNaloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide
HCV Without Hepatic Impairment71.514410.036.0
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh A72.014410.024.0
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh B12012024.024.1
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh C16848.024.024.0
No Hepatic Disease or Impairment96.015610.036.0

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Terminal Phase Elimination Rate-Constant (λz) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide

For the determination of λz, only those data points judged to describe the terminal log-linear decline resulting in an adjusted coefficient of determination value (R2) > 0.7 were used in the regression. A minimum of 3 data points were used in calculating λz. (NCT01846455)
Timeframe: before dosing (time 0; Baseline) and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after dosing

,,,,
Intervention1/hour (Geometric Mean)
Buprenorphine (6,5,5,5,7)Norbuprenorphine (4,6,5,4,4)Naloxone (5,6,5,4,7)Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide (5,7,6,5,4)
HCV Without Hepatic Impairment0.01970.01350.3710.0637
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh A0.02210.01680.3220.0974
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh B0.01420.01310.1270.117
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh C0.01230.01890.1510.152
No Hepatic Disease or Impairment0.01930.01670.3370.0937

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Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide

(NCT01846455)
Timeframe: before dosing (time 0; Baseline) and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after dosing

,,,,
Interventionng/mL (Geometric Mean)
BuprenorphineNorbuprenorphineNaloxoneNaloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide
HCV Without Hepatic Impairment0.9330.2030.03616.80
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh A1.100.3580.02879.02
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh B1.040.1800.07739.03
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh C1.400.1280.3236.75
No Hepatic Disease or Impairment0.9130.2650.02868.12

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Terminal Elimination Half-life (t1/2) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide

Terminal elimination half-life, calculated as ln(2)/λz. The terminal phase elimination half-life was calculated over a period of at least 2 half-lives. (NCT01846455)
Timeframe: before dosing (time 0; Baseline) and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after dosing

,,,,
Interventionhours (Geometric Mean)
Buprenorphine (6,5,5,5,7)Norbuprenorphine (4,6,5,4,4)Naloxone (5,6,5,4,7)Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide (5,7,6,5,4)
HCV Without Hepatic Impairment35.251.21.8710.9
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh A31.441.32.157.12
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh B48.752.95.455.91
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh C56.436.74.584.55
No Hepatic Disease or Impairment36.041.42.067.40

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Percentage of Area Under the Concentration-time Curve From Time Zero to Infinity Due to Extrapolation (%AUCextrap) of Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, Naloxone and Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide

"Calculated as:~(AUC0-inf - AUC0-last)/AUC0-inf * 100~AUC0-inf, apparent body clearance (CL/F), and apparent volume of distribution during terminal phase (Vz/F) would not have been reported if %AUCextrap was > 20%." (NCT01846455)
Timeframe: before dosing (time 0; Baseline) and 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after dosing

,,,,
Interventionpercentage of AUC0-inf (Mean)
Buprenorphine (6,5,5,5,7)Norbuprenorphine (4,6,5,4,4)Naloxone (5,6,5,4,7)Naloxone-3-β-D-Glucuronide (5,7,6,5,4)
HCV Without Hepatic Impairment17.616.55.166.04
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh A17.210.26.594.98
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh B17.124.37.483.34
Hepatic Impairment: Child-Pugh C14.236.11.303.50
No Hepatic Disease or Impairment15.513.15.315.13

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Speed Deviation

Driving performance assessment for the participants were measured by simulated driving test using Cognitive Research Corporation Driving Simulator (CRCDS-MiniSim). The assessment was performed after 45 minutes of awakening from approximately 6.5 hours of sleep on testing day (after 7.25 hours of study drug administration). Standard deviation of speed was reported in the outcome measure. (NCT01888497)
Timeframe: 7.25 hours post dose

Interventionmeters per second (m/sec) (Mean)
Placebo0.9
Gabapentin0.9
Diphenhydramine Citrate1.0
Triazolam1.3

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Lane Exceedance

Driving performance assessment for the participants were measured by simulated driving test using Cognitive Research Corporation Driving Simulator (CRCDS-MiniSim). The assessment was performed after 45 minutes of awakening from approximately 6.5 hours of sleep on testing day (after 7.25 hours of study drug administration). Mean lanes excursed/exceeded was reported in the outcome measure. (NCT01888497)
Timeframe: 7.25 hours post-dose

Interventionlanes exceeded (Mean)
Placebo37.8
Gabapentin46.7
Diphenhydramine Citrate52.4
Triazolam147.7

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Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP)

Driving performance assessment for the participants were measured by simulated driving test using Cognitive Research Corporation Driving Simulator (CRCDS-MiniSim). The assessment was performed after 45 minutes of awakening from approximately 6.5 hours of sleep on testing day (after 7.25 hours of study drug administration). SDLP was used to assess driver's ability to track their lane and was the standard deviation of lane positions through the entire drive. (NCT01888497)
Timeframe: 7.25 hours post-dose

Interventioncentimeter (cm) (Mean)
Placebo33.2
Gabapentin34.2
Diphenhydramine Citrate35.4
Triazolam47.4

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Reduction of Itching in AD

"The ability of Aurstat to reduce itching in those diagnosed with Atopic Dermatitis aged 12-75 years of age.~Visual analog score (VAS assessment)- the VAS itch score was defined as the number of millimeters from the left side of a line (154 mm in length) that indicates their level of itching (0 mm (no itching)-154 mm (most itching))." (NCT01905631)
Timeframe: 3-days

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Untreated Control Group1.70
Treatment Group (Aurstat)1.55

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24 Hour Follow up Amnesia Score

Patient were also asked to rate amnesia on a 10 point scale 24 after discharge. minimum= 0 (worse) maximum =10 (better) (NCT01967433)
Timeframe: At about 24 after the procedure

Interventionscore on a 10 point point scale (Mean)
Placebo7.8
Diphenhydramine6.5

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Dosage of Midazolam

Moderate sedation (using the American Society of Anesthesiologists definition of maintaining purposeful response to verbal or tactile stimulation, adequate ventilation requiring no airway protection, and maintenance of cardiovascular function) was then achieved using incremental doses of the combination of intravenous midazolam (1 mg) and fentanyl (25 μg) given every 2 to 3 minutes. To minimize any crossover, additional diphenhydramine was not permitted. (NCT01967433)
Timeframe: From induction (first dose of sedative) to end of procedure

Interventionmg (Mean)
Diphenhydramine4.9
Placebo5.0

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Dosage of Fentanyl

Moderate sedation (using the American Society of Anesthesiologists definition of maintaining purposeful response to verbal or tactile stimulation, adequate ventilation requiring no airway protection, and maintenance of cardiovascular function) was then achieved using incremental doses of the combination of intravenous midazolam (1 mg) and fentanyl (25 μg) given every 2 to 3 minutes. To minimize any crossover, additional diphenhydramine was not permitted. (NCT01967433)
Timeframe: From induction (first dose of sedative) to end of procedure

Intervention(μg) (Mean)
Diphenhydramine125.4
Placebo126.9

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24 Hour Follow up Pain Score

"At 24 hr follow up patients were asked to rate the level of pain during the procedure using 10 point scale.~10 point visual analogue scale minimum= 0 (better) maximum =10 (worse)" (NCT01967433)
Timeframe: About 24 hours after the procedure

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Diphenhydramine2.0
Placebo3.09

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Quality of Sedation

"Quality of sedation will be accessed by the nurse and the physician at the end of procedure.~Name: 10 point visual analogue scale Minimum score: 1 (worse) Maximum score: 10 (better)" (NCT01967433)
Timeframe: During the colonoscopy and 24 hours after discharge

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Physician ratingNurse rating
Diphenhydramine6.25.6
Placebo5.35.1

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events

Following adverse events will be recorded: (1)Hypoxia defined as O2 saturation less than 89% lasting for more than 30 seconds, (2)hypotension defined as systolic BP less than 90 mmhg and (3)use of reversal agents i.e Naloxone or Flumazenil (NCT01967433)
Timeframe: From induction (first dose of sedative) to discharge

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
HypotensionHypertensionDesaturationApneaArrhythmiaReversal agent useTachypnea
Diphenhydramine12500000
Placebo22300000

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Duration of Procedure

Induction period (time from first dose of fentanyl to scope insertion), procedural time (time from scope insertion to scope out), and recovery time (time from scope out to discharge) were recorded by the nursing staff in their standard documentation. (NCT01967433)
Timeframe: Time from induction (first dose of sedative) to discharge

,
Interventionminutes (Mean)
Procedure timeRecoveryInduction
Diphenhydramine34.834.46.4
Placebo34.732.46.3

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Change in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

"Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranges from 0 (no pain) to 10 (the worse imaginable pain).~Change scores are calculated from baseline (pre-infusion) at 15 minutes after start of infusion, 30 minutes after start of infusion, and 30 minutes after infusion complete:~(15 minutes after start of infusion value - BL pre-infusion value) (30 minutes after start of infusion value - BL pre-infusion value) (30 minutes after infusion complete value - BL pre-infusion value)" (NCT01968694)
Timeframe: 15 minutes after start of infusion, 30 minutes after start of infusion, and 30 minutes after infusion complete from BL (pre-infusion)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
15 minutes after start of infusion change30 minutes after start of infusion change30 minutes after infusion complete change
IV Diphenhydramine-0.2-1.5-1.7
IV Lidocaine-2.6-3.5-3.6

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Change in Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

"The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) consists of 14 items rated from 0-3 and 2 subscales Depression (7 items) and Anxiety (7 items). A higher score on each item represents more of each symptom (i.e., more depression or more anxiety). Each subscale score is the sum of the 7 items from each subscale.~A score of 0-7 = Normal, 8-10=Borderline abnormal (borderline case), and 11-21=Abnormal (case).~Change scores are calculated from baseline (pre-infusion) at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month post-treatment:~(1 day post-treatment value - BL pre-infusion value)~(1 week post-treatment value - BL pre-infusion value)~(1 month post-treatment value - BL pre-infusion value)" (NCT01968694)
Timeframe: 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month post-treatment from BL (pre-infusion)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
Anxiety 1 day changeAnxiety 1 week changeAnxiety 1 month changeDepression 1 day changeDepression 1 week changeDepression 1 month change
IV Diphenhydramine0-2-1.00-2-0.5
IV Lidocaine-1-10-0.5-1-1

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Change in Brief Pain Inventory (BPI): Pain on Average

"The Pain on Average score in the Brief Pain Inventory is rated from 0-10, where 0 is no pain, and 10 is pain as bad as you can imagine.~Change scores are calculated from baseline (pre-infusion) at 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month post-treatment:~(1 day post-treatment value - BL pre-infusion value)~(1 week post-treatment value - BL pre-infusion value)~(1 month post-treatment value - BL pre-infusion value)" (NCT01968694)
Timeframe: 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month post-treatment from BL (pre-infusion)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
1 day change from BL1 week change from BL1 month change from BL
IV Diphenhydramine00-1
IV Lidocaine-2-2-1

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Change in Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2

"Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire version 2 consists of 22 pain items (Throbbing, Shooting, Stabbing, Sharp, Cramping, Gnawing, Hot-burning, Aching, Heavy, Tender, Splitting, Tiring-exhausting, Sickening, Fearful, Punishing-cruel, Electric-shock, Cold-freezing, Piercing, Pain caused by light touch, Itching, Tingling or 'pins and needles', and Numbness). Each item is rated on a scale from 0-10, where 0=none, and 10=worst possible pain. The total pain score is the sum of these 22 items, ranging from 0-220.~Change scores are calculated from baseline (pre-infusion) at 30 minutes, 1 week, and 1 month post-treatment:~(30 minutes post-treatment value - BL pre-infusion value)~(1 week post-treatment value - BL pre-infusion value)~(1 month post-treatment value - BL pre-infusion value)" (NCT01968694)
Timeframe: 30 minutes, 1 week, and 1 month post-treatment from BL (pre-infusion)

,
Interventionunits on a scale (Median)
30 minutes change from BL1 week change from BL1 month change from BL
IV Diphenhydramine-15-17-18
IV Lidocaine-14.5-184

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Duration of Response

Duration of response was calculated from the date of initial documentation of a response (PR or better) to the date of first documented evidence of progressive disease, as defined in IMWG criteria. Disease progression (IMWG criteria): increase of 25 percent (%) from lowest response level in Serum M-component (the absolute increase must be >=0.5 g/dL) and/or; urine M-component (the absolute increase must be >=200 mg/24 hours) and/or; only in participants without measurable serum and urine M-protein levels: the difference between involved and uninvolved free light chain levels (absolute increase must be >10 milligram per deciliter (mg/dL); Development of hypercalcemia (corrected serum calcium >11.5 mg/dL or 2.65 millimole per liter [mmol/L]) that can be attributed solely to the plasma cell proliferative disorder. (NCT01985126)
Timeframe: Up to 14.4 Months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Daratumumab 8 mg/kgNA
Daratumumab 16 mg/kg7.4

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Percentage of Participants With Clinical Benefit

Clinical benefit rate defined as percentage of participants who achieved minimal response (MR) or better. MR: >=25% but <= 49% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in urine M-protein by 50%-89%. If present at baseline 25% to 49% reduction in size of soft tissue plasmacytomas. (NCT01985126)
Timeframe: Up to 14.4 Months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Daratumumab 8 mg/kg22.2
Daratumumab 16 mg/kg34.0

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Percentage of Participants With Overall Response

Overall response defined as percentage of participants who achieved stringent complete response (sCR), complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR) or partial response (PR). Per IMWG criteria, sCR: is defined as normal free light chain (FLC) ratio, and absence of clonal plasma cells (PCs) by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence or 2- to 4-color flow cytometry; CR: Negative immunofixation on the serum and urine and disappearance of any soft tissue plasmacytomas and < 5 % plasma cells in bone marrow; VGPR: Serum and urine M-protein detectable by immunofixation but not on electrophoresis or >= 90% reduction in serum M-protein plus urine M-protein level < 100mg/24 hours; PR: >= 50 % reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24 hour urinary M-protein by >= 90% or to <200 mg/24 hours; if the serum and urine M-protein are not measurable, a decrease of >=50% in the difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels is required in place of the M-protein criteria. (NCT01985126)
Timeframe: Up to 14.4 Months

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Daratumumab 8 mg/kg11.1
Daratumumab 16 mg/kg29.2

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Progression Free Survival

Progression free survival (PFS) was defined as the time between the date of first dose of daratumumab and either disease progression or death, whichever occurs first. (NCT01985126)
Timeframe: Up to 14.4 Months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Daratumumab 8 mg/kg4.86
Daratumumab 16 mg/kg3.65

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Time to Disease Progression

Time to progression was defined as the number of days from the date of first dose of daratumumab to the date of first record of disease progression. (NCT01985126)
Timeframe: Up to 14.4 Months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Daratumumab 8 mg/kg4.86
Daratumumab 16 mg/kg3.71

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Time to Response

Time to response was defined as the time from the date of first dose of daratumumab to the date of initial documentation of a response (PR or better). (NCT01985126)
Timeframe: Up to 14.4 Months

Interventionmonths (Median)
Daratumumab 8 mg/kg0.99
Daratumumab 16 mg/kg0.99

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Overall Survival

Overall Survival (OS) was defined as the number of days from administration of the first infusion (Day 1) to date of death. Median Overall Survival was estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT01985126)
Timeframe: Approximately up to 3 years

Interventionmonths (Median)
Daratumumab 8 mg/kg19.45
Daratumumab 16 mg/kg18.60

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Duration in Days of Adverse Events (AEs)- Including Infection, Wound Complications, Post-transplant Diabetes, Hemorrhagic Cystitis and Malignancy

AEs reported as an infection, wound complication, post-transplant diabetes, hemorrhagic cystitis and/or malignancy. Time (in days) from the start date of the AE until the end date of the AE. Two events contributed to this calculation. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: First Dose of Study Medication to End of Study (Up to 25 Months After Enrollment)

InterventionDays (Mean)
Enrolled, Transplanted9.5

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Histological Severity of Biopsies Demonstrating Acute Rejection as Defined by Banff 2007 Classification Renal Allograft Pathology

This outcome includes results from biopsies with proven acute renal allograft rejection according to the 2007 Banff Classification Renal Allograft Pathology. A Banff result of indeterminate is not classified as rejection. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplant to End of Study (Up to 25 months After Enrollment)

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Acute Cellular Rejection Banff Grade IAAcute Cellular Rejection Banff Grade IBAcute Cellular Rejection Banff Grade IIAAcute Cellular Rejection Banff Grade IIBAcute Cellular Rejection Banff Grade IIIAcute Antibody Mediated Rejection
Enrolled, Transplanted000000

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Number of Transplanted Participants With Engraftment Syndrome

Engraftment syndrome is a complication that can occur following bone marrow transplant. The presence of engraftment syndrome is diagnosed by monitoring the common symptoms, which include: fever, rash, fluid in the lungs, and serum creatinine values above 4 mg/dL occurring within a week of absolute neutrophil recovery (e.g., first day after three consecutive daily absolute neutrophil counts ≥ 500 per µL), without apparent other cause. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplant to End of Study (Up to 25 months After Enrollment)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Enrolled, Transplanted0

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Number of Transplanted Participants With Chronic T Cell-Mediated or Antibody-Mediated Rejection

Outcome includes participants who experienced chronic T cell-mediated rejection, antibody-mediated rejection and progressive interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA), transplant glomerulopathy or chronic obliterative arteriopathy, without an alternative, non-rejection related cause. Reference: Banff 2007 Classification Renal Allograft Pathology definition of terms. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplant to End of Study (Up to 25 months After Enrollment)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Enrolled, Transplanted1

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Number of Transplanted Participants With Acute Renal Allograft Rejection

Acute renal allograft rejection demonstrated either by biopsy or clinically (when a biopsy could not be performed). This measure includes participants with biopsy proven acute renal allograft rejection and those that have creatinine values 25% or greater relative to baseline for over 72 hours. Baseline serum creatinine is defined as the average of the lowest three serum creatinine values during 2 to 4 weeks post-transplant, excluding days on dialysis. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplant to End of Study (Up to 25 months After Enrollment)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Enrolled, Transplanted1

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Number of Transplanted Participants Who Remained Off Immunosuppression for at Least 52 Weeks, Including Those in Whom the 52 Week Biopsy Was Not Performed

Number of transplanted participants who remained off immunosuppression for ≥52 weeks, including those in whom the 52 week biopsy was not performed. This outcome included participants who were able to withdrawal successfully from all immunosuppression medication and remain off all immunosuppression for 52 weeks after the completion of withdrawal. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplant to 52 Weeks after Discontinuation of All Immunosuppression

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Enrolled, Transplanted0

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Number of Transplanted Participants Who Died

Number of participant deaths after receiving a transplant per protocol. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplant to End of Study (Up to 25 months After Enrollment)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Enrolled, Transplanted1

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Percent of Participants Who Achieved Operational Tolerance

Operational tolerance is defined as remaining off all immunosuppression 52 weeks after completion of immunosuppression withdrawal, with no evidence of biopsy-proven allograft rejection and, with acceptable renal function defined as a serum creatinine that has increased no more than 25% above baseline at the primary endpoint visit. Baseline creatinine is defined as the average of the lowest three creatinine values during 2 to 4 weeks post-transplant, excluding days on dialysis. The endpoint is summarized with a two-sided, 95% exact binomial confidence interval. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplantation through 52 Weeks after Discontinuation of All Immunosuppression

InterventionPercent of participants (Number)
Enrolled, Transplanted0

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Number of Transplanted Participants Who Developed Donor-Specific Antibody During Study Participation

Donor-specific antibodies are directed against antigens expressed on donor organs. These antibodies can result in an immune attack on the transplanted organ, increasing risk of graft loss and/or rejection. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplant to End of Study (Up to 25 months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Enrolled, Transplanted0

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Number of Transplanted Participants Who Developed Donor- Specific Antibody After Initiation of Immunosuppression Withdrawal

Donor-specific antibodies are directed against antigens expressed on donor organs. These antibodies can result in an immune attack on the transplanted organ, increasing risk of graft loss and/or rejection. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Initiation of Immunosuppression Withdrawal to End of Study (to 25 months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Enrolled, Transplanted0

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Number of Participants Free From Return to Immunosuppression for the Duration of the Study

Participants who were able to withdrawal successfully from all immunosuppression medication and remained off all immunosuppression medication for the remainder of the study. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplant to End of Study (Up to 25 Months)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Enrolled, Transplanted0

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Number of Participants Experiencing an Incidence of Graft-versus-Host Disease Post-Transplant

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a medical complication that can occur after a person receives transplanted tissue, most commonly occurring after a bone marrow transplant. The white blood cells from the donated tissue recognize the tissue recipient's cells as foreign. These donor cells then attack the recipient's cells. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplant to Two Years Post-Transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Enrolled, Transplanted1

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Number of Days From Transplant to Platelet Count Recovery

Time (in days) from transplant to the first day of a platelet count of ≥20,000 per μL without a prior platelet transfusion in the preceding seven days. Low platelet numbers is associated with increased risk of bleeding and bruising. A healthy person has a platelet count ranging from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplant to Platelet Count Recovery

InterventionDays (Mean)
Enrolled, Transplanted36

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Number of Days From Neutrophil Nadir to Absolute Neutrophil Recovery

Time (in days) from neutrophil nadir, the first day post-transplant on which the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is below 500 per µL, to the first day after three consecutive daily ANCs ≥ 500 per µL. ANC is a measure of the number of neutrophils present in the blood. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that fight against infection. A healthy person has an ANC between 2,500 and 6,000 per µL. A value below 500 per µL means the risk of infection is higher. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Post-Transplant Neutrophil Nadir to Neutrophil Recover

InterventionDays (Mean)
Enrolled, Transplanted15

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Duration in Days of Graft-versus-Host Disease in Transplanted Participants

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a medical complication that can occur after a person receives transplanted tissue, most commonly occurring after a bone marrow transplant. The white blood cells from the donated tissue recognize the tissue recipient's cells as foreign. These donor cells then attack the recipient's cells. Duration (in days) is measured as the time from the start of the GVHD event to the end of the GVHD event. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplant to Two Years Post-Transplant

InterventionDays (Mean)
Enrolled, Transplanted7

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Number of Adverse Events (AEs) by Severity- Including Infection, Wound Complications, Post-Transplant Diabetes, Hemorrhagic Cystitis and Malignancy

AEs reported as an infection, wound complication, post-transplant diabetes, hemorrhagic cystitis and/or malignancy. Grades are based on National Cancer Institute--Common Terminology Criteria (NCI-CTCAE) Version 4.0. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: First Dose of Study Medication to End of Study (Up to 25 Months After Enrollment)

,
InterventionEvents (Number)
Grade 1Grade 2Grade 3Grade 4Grade 5
Enrolled, Not Transplanted00000
Enrolled, Transplanted00200

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Number of Adverse Events (AEs)- Including Infection, Wound Complications, Post-transplant Diabetes, Hemorrhagic Cystitis and Malignancy

AEs reported as an infection, wound complication, post-transplant diabetes, hemorrhagic cystitis and/or malignancy. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: First Dose of Study Medication to End of Study (Up to 25 Months After Enrollment)

,
InterventionEvents (Number)
InfectionWound complicationsPost-transplant diabetesHemorrhagic cystitisMalignancy
Enrolled, Not Transplanted00000
Enrolled, Transplanted20000

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Number of Days Post-Transplant to the First Episode of Acute Rejection Requiring Treatment

Number of days post-transplant to the first episode of acute rejection that required treatment. This includes acute rejection episodes requiring treatment that were not biopsy proven. (NCT02029638)
Timeframe: Transplant to End of Study (Up to 25 months After Enrollment)

InterventionDays (Mean)
Enrolled, Transplanted23

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Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 1 Level

For men, WHO low risk drinking (level 1) is defined as >0 grams of alcohol/day (g/d) to 40 g/d; moderate risk (level 2) as >40 g/d to 60 g/d; high risk (level 3) as >60 g/d to 100 g/d; and very high risk (level 4) as >100 g/d. For women, low risk (level 1) is defined as >0 g/d to 20 g/d; moderate risk (level 2) as >20 g/d to 40 g/d; high risk (level 3) as >40 g/d to 60 g/d; and very high risk (level 4) as >60 g/d. Abstinence was defined as no risk (level 0). (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: From Week 33 Up to Week 36

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Psilocybin89.6
Diphenhydramine64.4

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Percent of Participants Achieving No Heavy Drinking Days

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used in calculating the number of heavy drinking days. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. Heavy drinking is defined as ≥4 drinks per day for women and ≥5 drinks per day for men. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: From Week 5 (1 week after first drug administration) up to Week 36

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Psilocybin33.3
Diphenhydramine11.1

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Percent of Heavy Drinking Days

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used to calculate the percent of heavy drinking days. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. Heavy drinking is defined as ≥4 drinks per day for women and ≥5 drinks per day for men. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: Screening (Week 0)

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Psilocybin56.48
Diphenhydramine48.57

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Short Inventory of Problems (SIP-2R) Score

15-item self-report questionnaire assessing problems related to alcohol use. Items are ranked on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 3 (daily or almost daily). The total score range is 0-45; the higher the score, the more problems related to alcohol use. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: Week 36

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin6.59
Diphenhydramine13

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Short Inventory of Problems (SIP-2R) Score

15-item self-report questionnaire assessing problems related to alcohol use. Items are ranked on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 3 (daily or almost daily). The total score range is 0-45; the higher the score, the more problems related to alcohol use. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 4)

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin20.26
Diphenhydramine21.6

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Abstinence From Drinking

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used in calculating abstinence from drinking. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. Abstinence is defined as zero drinks of alcohol over the target period. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: From Week 5 (1 week after first drug administration) up to Week 36

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Psilocybin22.9
Diphenhydramine8.9

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Percentage of Participants Achieving Abstinence From Drinking

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used in calculating abstinence from drinking. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. Abstinence is defined as zero drinks of alcohol over the target period. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: From Week 33 up to Week 36

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Psilocybin47.9
Diphenhydramine24.4

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Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 3 Levels

For men, WHO low risk drinking (level 1) is defined as >0 grams of alcohol/day (g/d) to 40 g/d; moderate risk (level 2) as >40 g/d to 60 g/d; high risk (level 3) as >60 g/d to 100 g/d; and very high risk (level 4) as >100 g/d. For women, low risk (level 1) is defined as >0 g/d to 20 g/d; moderate risk (level 2) as >20 g/d to 40 g/d; high risk (level 3) as >40 g/d to 60 g/d; and very high risk (level 4) as >60 g/d. Abstinence was defined as no risk (level 0). (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: From Week 5 (1 week after first drug administration) up to Week 36

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Psilocybin29.92
Diphenhydramine13.3

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Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 3 Levels

For men, WHO low risk drinking (level 1) is defined as >0 grams of alcohol/day (g/d) to 40 g/d; moderate risk (level 2) as >40 g/d to 60 g/d; high risk (level 3) as >60 g/d to 100 g/d; and very high risk (level 4) as >100 g/d. For women, low risk (level 1) is defined as >0 g/d to 20 g/d; moderate risk (level 2) as >20 g/d to 40 g/d; high risk (level 3) as >40 g/d to 60 g/d; and very high risk (level 4) as >60 g/d. Abstinence was defined as no risk (level 0). (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: From Week 33 up to Week 36

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Psilocybin37.5
Diphenhydramine17.8

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Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 2 Levels

For men, WHO low risk drinking (level 1) is defined as >0 grams of alcohol/day (g/d) to 40 g/d; moderate risk (level 2) as >40 g/d to 60 g/d; high risk (level 3) as >60 g/d to 100 g/d; and very high risk (level 4) as >100 g/d. For women, low risk (level 1) is defined as >0 g/d to 20 g/d; moderate risk (level 2) as >20 g/d to 40 g/d; high risk (level 3) as >40 g/d to 60 g/d; and very high risk (level 4) as >60 g/d. Abstinence was defined as no risk (level 0). (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: From Week 5 (1 week after first drug administration) up to Week 36

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Psilocybin60.4
Diphenhydramine40

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Percent of Heavy Drinking Days

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used to calculate the percent of heavy drinking days. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. Heavy drinking is defined as ≥4 drinks per day for women and ≥5 drinks per day for men. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: Follow Up (Weeks 5-36)

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Psilocybin9.71
Diphenhydramine23.57

[back to top]

Percent of Heavy Drinking Days

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used to calculate the percent of heavy drinking days. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. Heavy drinking is defined as ≥4 drinks per day for women and ≥5 drinks per day for men. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 4)

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Psilocybin24.11
Diphenhydramine21.31

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Percent of Drinking Days

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used to calculate the percentage of days that participants drank alcohol. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: Follow Up (Weeks 5-36)

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Psilocybin29.39
Diphenhydramine42.83

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Drinks Per Day

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used to calculate drinks per day. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: Screening (Week 0)

Interventiondrinks per day (Mean)
Psilocybin5.2
Diphenhydramine4.38

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Drinks Per Day

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used to calculate drinks per day. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: Follow Up (Weeks 5-36)

Interventiondrinks per day (Mean)
Psilocybin1.17
Diphenhydramine2.26

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Percent of Participants Achieving No Heavy Drinking Days

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used in calculating the number of heavy drinking days. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. Heavy drinking is defined as ≥4 drinks per day for women and ≥5 drinks per day for men. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: From Week 33 Up to Week 36

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Psilocybin62.5
Diphenhydramine40

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Percent of Drinking Days

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used to calculate the percentage of days that participants drank alcohol. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 4)

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Psilocybin52.98
Diphenhydramine45.99

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Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 1 Level

For men, WHO low risk drinking (level 1) is defined as >0 grams of alcohol/day (g/d) to 40 g/d; moderate risk (level 2) as >40 g/d to 60 g/d; high risk (level 3) as >60 g/d to 100 g/d; and very high risk (level 4) as >100 g/d. For women, low risk (level 1) is defined as >0 g/d to 20 g/d; moderate risk (level 2) as >20 g/d to 40 g/d; high risk (level 3) as >40 g/d to 60 g/d; and very high risk (level 4) as >60 g/d. Abstinence was defined as no risk (level 0). (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: From Week 5 (1 week after first drug administration) up to Week 36

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Psilocybin83.3
Diphenhydramine71.1

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Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 2 Levels

For men, WHO low risk drinking (level 1) is defined as >0 grams of alcohol/day (g/d) to 40 g/d; moderate risk (level 2) as >40 g/d to 60 g/d; high risk (level 3) as >60 g/d to 100 g/d; and very high risk (level 4) as >100 g/d. For women, low risk (level 1) is defined as >0 g/d to 20 g/d; moderate risk (level 2) as >20 g/d to 40 g/d; high risk (level 3) as >40 g/d to 60 g/d; and very high risk (level 4) as >60 g/d. Abstinence was defined as no risk (level 0). (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: From Week 33 Up to Week 36

InterventionPercentage of participants (Number)
Psilocybin60.4
Diphenhydramine40

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Percent of Drinking Days

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used to calculate the percentage of days that participants drank alcohol. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: Screening (Week 0)

Interventionpercentage of days (Mean)
Psilocybin78.03
Diphenhydramine71.68

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Drinks Per Day

The Timeline Follow-back (TLFB) method is used to calculate drinks per day. The TLFB is a method for assessing the number of drinks of alcohol on a daily basis over the previous 30 days. For each day in the recall period, the participant indicates the number of drinks of alcohol they consumed. The TLFB provides a calendar prompt and number of other memory aids (e.g., holidays, payday, and other personally relevant dates) to facilitate accurate recall of drug use during the target period. (NCT02061293)
Timeframe: Baseline (Week 4)

Interventiondrinks per day (Mean)
Psilocybin2.77
Diphenhydramine2.19

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Change in Cough Reflex Sensitivity to Capsaicin

increase in C5 (decrease in cough reflex sensitivity). Capsaicin cough challenge involves subjects breathing in incremental doubling concentrations of aerosolized capsaicin, 1 minute apart, until the concentration of capsaicin (micromolar) inducing 5 or more coughs (C5) is reached. (NCT02062710)
Timeframe: 2 hours after study drug administration

Interventionlog C5 (uM) (Mean)
Diphenhydramine/Phenylephrine/Cocoa0.97
Dextromethorphan0.80
Placebo0.57

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Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)

"BDI-II items are rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 to 3 based on severity of each item. The maximum total score is 63.~0-13 Indicates minimal depression 14-19 Indicates mild depression 20-28 Indicates Moderate depression 29-63 Indicates Severe depression" (NCT02106325)
Timeframe: 120 min post-infusion

InterventionScored units on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine20.00
Diphenhydramine24.72

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Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSSI)

"BDI-II items are rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 to 3 based on severity of each item. The maximum total score is 63.~0-13 Indicates minimal depression 14-19 Indicates mild depression 20-28 Indicates Moderate depression 29-63 Indicates Severe depression" (NCT02106325)
Timeframe: 40 minutes post-infusion

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine1.58
Diphenhydramine1.08

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Change in Treatment Alliance Score

The I-TAS is a 10-item, Likert-style rating scale designed to assess a patient's composite treatment alliance as it develops across multi-disciplinary treatment components. The I-TAS was intended to measure the primary alliance factors identified by Hatcher and Barends (1996) of bond, goals and collaboration. Each question is scored on a scale of 0 (Completely False) to 6 (Completely True). Total scores on the ITAS range from 0 to 60, with higher scores representing greater alliance with the treatment team (better outcome). The reported score is an average of each participant's total score on the ITAS. (NCT02106325)
Timeframe: Baseline and 16 weeks

InterventionScored units on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine43.52
Diphenhydramine53.15

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Evaluate the Effects of Ketamine on Depressive Symptomatology by Measuring Change in Score on the Montgomery-Asberg Depressive Rating Scale

"40 Minutes Post Infusion, The MADRS-S instrument has nine questions, with an overall score ranging from 0 to 54 points.~0 to 6 - normal /symptom absent 7 to 19 - mild depression 20 to 34 - moderate depression >34 - severe depression." (NCT02106325)
Timeframe: Baseline and 16 weeks

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine28.82
Diphenhydramine25.20

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Hamilton Depression Scale (Ham-D)

"Although the HAM-D form lists 21 items, the scoring is based on the first 17. It generally takes 15-20 minutes to complete the interview and score the results. Eight items are scored on a 5-point scale, ranging from 0 = not present to 4 = severe. Nine are scored from 0-2.~Sum the scores from the first 17 items 0-7= Normal 8-13= Mild Depression 14-18= Moderate Depression 19-22= Severe Depression >23= Very Severe Depression" (NCT02106325)
Timeframe: 4-6 hours post-infusion

InterventionScored units on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine21.48
Diphenhydramine17.00

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Inpatient Treatment Alliance Scale (ITAS)

The I-TAS is a 10-item, Likert-style rating scale designed to assess a patient's composite treatment alliance as it develops across multi-disciplinary treatment components. The I-TAS was intended to measure the primary alliance factors identified by Hatcher and Barends (1996) of bond, goals and collaboration. Each question is scored on a scale of 0 (Completely False) to 6 (Completely True). Total scores on the ITAS range from 0 to 60, with higher scores representing greater alliance with the treatment team (better outcome). The reported score is an average of each participant's total score on the ITAS. (NCT02106325)
Timeframe: 7 days post-infusion

InterventionScored units on ITAS Scale (Mean)
Ketamine43.52
Diphenhydramine53.15

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Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale Suicide Ideation Item (MADRS-SI)

"40 Minutes Post Infusion, The MADRS-S instrument has nine questions, with an overall score ranging from 0 to 54 points.~0 to 6 - normal /symptom absent 7 to 19 - mild depression 20 to 34 - moderate depression >34 - severe depression." (NCT02106325)
Timeframe: 40 minutes post-infusion

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Ketamine0.83
Diphenhydramine0.75

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Length of Inpatient Stay

(NCT02106325)
Timeframe: 2 Weeks Post-infusion

InterventionDays (Mean)
Ketamine6.33
Diphenhydramine7.80

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Outpatient Follow-up Compliance

Scoring System: 0= not compliant, 1=compliant (NCT02106325)
Timeframe: 1 Day

Interventionunits on follow up compliance scale (Mean)
Ketamine0.73
Diphenhydramine.70

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Yaw Perceptual Motion Threshold

"This is a perceptual self-motion threshold that measures the precision of the vestibular system. It is analogous to an audiogram, but for motion. Subjects sat on a motorized platform which repeatedly provided them with small motions to the left or right. After each motion subjects report whether they perceived a motion to the left or right. Based on subject responses, a psychometric curve fit is performed that determines the threshold (the standard deviation of the underlying cumulative Gaussian). Yaw rotation means rotations about an axis that is perpendicular to gravity.~This outcome measure applies only to arm 5 subjects." (NCT02136420)
Timeframe: 2 sessions separated by at least four days; measurements made 2 hrs after ingestion of medication

,
Interventiondeg per sec (Geometric Mean)
PlaceboPromethazine
Perceptual Thresholds,Drug Then Placebo.83.86
Perceptual Thresholds,Placebo Then Drug.921.06

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Roll Perceptual Motion Threshold

"This is a perceptual self-motion threshold that measures the precision of the vestibular system. It is analogous to an audiogram, but for motion. Subjects sat on a motorized platform which repeatedly provided them with small motions to the left or right. After each motion subjects report whether they perceived a motion to the left or right. Based on subject responses, a psychometric curve fit is performed that determines the threshold (the standard deviation of the underlying cumulative Gaussian). Roll tilt means rotations about an axis that is Earth-horizontal.~This outcome measure applies only to arm 5 subjects." (NCT02136420)
Timeframe: 2 sessions separated by at least four days; measurements made 2 hrs after ingestion of medication

,
Interventiondeg per sec (Geometric Mean)
PlaceboPromethazine
Perceptual Thresholds,Drug Then Placebo.27.39
Perceptual Thresholds,Placebo Then Drug.32.39

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Interaural Perceptual Motion Threshold

"This is a perceptual self-motion threshold that measures the precision of the vestibular system. It is analogous to an audiogram, but for motion. Subjects sat on a motorized platform which repeatedly provided them with small motions to the left or right. After each motion subjects report whether they perceived a motion to the left or right. Based on subject responses, a psychometric curve fit is performed that determines the threshold (the standard deviation of the underlying cumulative Gaussian). Interaural translation refers to translations in the horizontal plane to the subject's left or right.~This outcome measure applies only to arm 5 subjects." (NCT02136420)
Timeframe: 2 sessions separated by at least four days; measurements made 2 hrs after ingestion of medication

,
Interventioncm per sec (Geometric Mean)
PlaceboPromethazine
Perceptual Thresholds,Drug Then Placebo.57.77
Perceptual Thresholds,Placebo Then Drug.78.80

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Percent Change in Roll Tilt Perception After Exposure to Hypogravity

"Note that this applies to arms 1-4 only.~Subjects sat on a chair on a moving platform on top of a centrifuge that created an artificial gravity environment. Subjects were repeatedly roll tilted to angles between 11 and 19 degrees, and then reported their perceived tilt angle using a subjective visual vertical task. They did this while experiencing centripetal acceleration equivalent to Earth gravity (1 Gz), and then hypogravity (0.5 Gz). We hypothesized that, after entering hypogravity, subjects would tend to underestimate their tilt angle. We calculated the percent change in their perception of tilt between 1 Gz and 0.5 Gz." (NCT02136420)
Timeframe: 1 session

Interventionpercentage change (Mean)
Training, Placebo27.0

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Percent Change in Manual Control Performance After Exposure to Hypogravity

"Note that this applies to arms 6-9 only.~Subjects sat on a chair on a moving platform on top of a centrifuge that created an artificial gravity environment. Subjects completed a manual control task in which their charge was randomly perturbed in roll tilt, and they used a joystick to attempt to keep themselves aligned with upright, while in the dark. They did this while experiencing centripetal acceleration equivalent to Earth gravity (1 Gz), and then hypogravity (0.5 Gz). We calculated their performance by calculating the standard deviation of chair position across time, with a smaller number indicating better performance. Then we calculated the percent change in their performance between 1 Gz and 0.5 Gz." (NCT02136420)
Timeframe: 1 session

Interventionpercentage change (Mean)
Training, Placebo75.4

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Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is assessed by physical neurological examination of the subject by a qualified neurologist. GSC is a common scoring system used to describe the level of consciousness in a person following a traumatic brain injury. The initial score correlates with the severity of brain injury and prognosis. It estimates Coma severity based on Eye (4), Verbal (5), and Motor (6) criteria with the following total score of between 3 (indicating deep unconsciousness) and 15 (indicating no issues). (NCT02142712)
Timeframe: Baseline

InterventionGlasgow Coma Scale (Number)
Famotidine15
Pantoprazole15
Diphenhydramine15

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National Institutes of Health Stroke Severity (NIHSS) Scale

NIHSS is a tool used by healthcare providers to objectively quantify the degree of impairment caused by a stroke. It is composed of 11 items. Each item scores a specific ability between a score of 0-4. Usually, for each item, a score of 0 indicates normal function in that specific ability, while a higher score indicates some level of impairment. The individual scores from each item are added together to calculate a patient's total NIHSS score. The maximum possible score is 42, with the minimum score being a 0. (NCT02142712)
Timeframe: Baseline

InterventionNIHSS scale (Number)
Famotidine3
Pantoprazole3
Diphenhydramine0

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Percent of Participants With Grade 2 or Higher Hematologic Adverse Events (AEs) of Anemia, Neutropenia, and/or Thrombocytopenia

"The severity of adverse events (AEs) was classified into grades using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) version 4.0 (4/28/2009):~Grade 1 = mild AE~Grade 2 = moderate AE~Grade 3 = severe and undesirable AE~Grade 4 = life-threatening or disabling AE~Grade 5 = death" (NCT02188719)
Timeframe: Transplantation to 40 Weeks Post Transplantation

,
InterventionPercent of Participants (Number)
AnemiaNeutropeniaThrombocytopenia
Cohort 166.716.716.7
Cohort 222.200

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Percent of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) Attributable to the Donor Alloantigen Reactive Tregs (darTregs) Infusion

"AEs classified by the site investigator/clinician as possibly or definitely related to the study treatment, the Donor Alloantigen Reactive Tregs (darTregs) infusion. These AEs include:~infusion reaction~Grade 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome (Reference: National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) version 4.0 (4/28/2009) grading criteria~malignant cellular transformation." (NCT02188719)
Timeframe: Transplantation to 40 Weeks Post Transplantation

InterventionPercent of Participants (Number)
Cohort 20

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Percent of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Infectious Adverse Event(s)

"The severity of infectious adverse events (AEs) was classified into grades as follows:~Grade 1 = asymptomatic; clinical or diagnostic observation only; intervention with oral antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral agent only; no invasive intervention required~Grade 2 = symptomatic; intervention with intravenous antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral agent; invasive intervention may be required~Grade 3 = any infection associated with hemodynamic compromise requiring pressors; any infection necessitating intensive care unit level of care; any infection necessitating operative intervention; any infection involving the central nervous system; any infection with a positive fungal blood culture; any proven or probable aspergillus infection; any tissue invasive fungal infection; any pneumocystis jiroveci infection~Grade 4 = life-threatening infection~Grade 5 = death resulting from infection" (NCT02188719)
Timeframe: Transplantation to 40 Weeks Post Transplantation

InterventionPercent of Participants (Number)
Cohort 10
Cohort 211.1

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Percent of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Wound Complication(s) Adverse Event(s)

"The severity of adverse events (AEs) was classified into grades using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) version 4.0 (4/28/2009):~Grade 3 wound complications are defined as Hernia without evidence of strangulation; fascial disruption/dehiscence; primary wound closure or revision by operative intervention indicated~Grade 4 complications are defined as Hernia with evidence of strangulation; major reconstruction flap, grafting, resection, or amputation indicated" (NCT02188719)
Timeframe: Transplantation to 40 Weeks Post Transplantation

InterventionPercent of Participants (Number)
Cohort 10
Cohort 20

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Percent of Participants With Biopsy-Proven Acute and/or Chronic Rejection

"Biopsy-proven acute rejection graded as Mild, Moderate or Severe, per 1997 Banff classification. Chronic Rejection graded using Banff 2000 classification.~References: 1.) Banff Schema for Grading Liver Allograft Rejection: An International Consensus Document developed by an international panel of experts in liver transplantation pathology, hepatology, and surgery (Hepatology 1997; 25(3): 658-663). 2.) Update of the International Banff Schema for Liver Allograft Rejection: Working Recommendations for the Histopathologic Staging and Reporting of Chronic Rejection (Hepatology 2000; 31(3): 792-799)." (NCT02188719)
Timeframe: Transplantation to 40 Weeks Post Transplantation

,
InterventionPercent of Participants (Number)
Mild Acute RejectionModerate Acute RejectionSevere Acute RejectionChronic Rejection
Cohort 10000
Cohort 211.1000

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Mean Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Total Pain Reduction

Total pain reduction (mouth and throat) was measured by the numerical analogue scale of mouth pain on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0=no pain and 10=worst pain in the questionnaires taken at baseline, and 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes after assigned treatment for doxepin or DLA vs. placebo. The total pain reduction was calculated by the (average of mouth and throat) area under the curve (AUC) adjusting for baseline, with time scale (baseline, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes post treatment) replaced by a numerical scale of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. The AUC was prorated when there are terminal missing data. If the missing data were intermittent, simple imputation by trapezoidal rules were applied to calculate the AUC. If a patient cancelled, was missing baseline data, or only provided baseline data, he/she was excluded from the statistical analysis. (NCT02229539)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes post treatment

Interventionunits on a scale*time scale (Mean)
Doxepin11.9
DLA (Diphenhydramine, Lidocaine and Antacid)11.7
Placebo8.7

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Percentage of Participants With a Sustained Complete Response

"The percentage of participants who achieved a sustained complete response, defined as a complete response achieved at Week 48 and Week 96.~Complete response was defined as meeting all of the following criteria:~Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) < 0.5, based on a 24-hour collection;~Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥120 ml/min/1.73 m^2 calculated by the CKD-EPI formula or, if < 120 ml/min/1.73 m^2, then > 80% of eGFR at entry; and~Prednisone dose tapered to 10 mg/day and adherence to prednisone dosing provisions." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 48, Week 96

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)26.7
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)28.6

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Percentage of Participants With Treatment Failure by Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96

The percentage of participants who met the criteria for treatment failure, defined by withdrawal from the protocol treatment regimen due to worsening nephritis, infection, or study medication toxicity. (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 24, Week 48 and Week 96

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 0 to Week 24Week 0 to Week 48Week 0 to Week 96
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)18.245.563.6
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)14.328.647.6

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Count of Participants: Frequency of Non-renal Flares by Week 24

"Count of participants who experienced non-renal flares, defined as any new A finding in a non-renal organ system in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) assessment. A BILAG A finding represents a significant increase in, or a new manifestation of, disease activity." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 24

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
0 Non-renal flares1 Non-renal flare2 Non-renal flares
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)2110
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)2001

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Count of Participants: Frequency of Non-renal Flares by Week 48

"Count of participants who experienced non-renal flares, defined as any new A finding in a non-renal organ system in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) assessment. A BILAG A finding represents a significant increase in, or a new manifestation of, disease activity." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 48

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
0 Non-renal flares1 Non-renal flares2 Non-renal flare
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)2020
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)2001

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Count of Participants: Frequency of Non-renal Flares by Week 96

"Count of participants who experienced non-renal flares, defined as any new A finding in a non-renal organ system in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) assessment. A BILAG A finding represents a significant increase in, or a new manifestation of, disease activity." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 96

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
0 Non-renal flares1 Non-renal flare2 Non-renal flares
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)1840
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)1911

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Frequency of Specific Adverse Events of Interest By Event by Week 96

"Number of ≥ Grade 2 specific treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) of interest. Grade 2 or higher AEs were classified according to the listed categories of interest based on the study team's review of the AEs.~Treatment-emergent AEs are those:~with an onset date on or after the first dose of study medication,~with onset before first dose but that worsened in severity after first dose, and~for which the start of the AE in relation to the start of study medication could not be established.~The severity of AEs was classified using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, v4.03: June 14, 2010). AEs were classified by system organ class and preferred term according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) version 17.0." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 96

,
InterventionEvents (Number)
Any event leading to death≥Grade 2 leukopenia or thrombocytopeniaPremature ovarian failureMalignancyVenous thromboembolic event
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)013003
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)016000

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Frequency of Specific Adverse Events of Interest By Participant, By Week 96

"Number of participants who experienced ≥Grade 2 specific treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) of interest. Grade 2 or higher AEs were classified according to the listed categories of interest based on the study team's review of the AEs.~Treatment-emergent AEs are those:~with an onset date on or after the first dose of study medication,~with onset before first dose but that worsened in severity after first dose, and~for which the start of the AE in relation to the start of study medication could not be established.~The severity of AEs was classified using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, v4.03: June 14, 2010). AEs were classified by system organ class and preferred term according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) version 17.0." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 96

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Any event leading to death≥Grade 2 leukopenia or thrombocytopeniaPremature ovarian failureMalignancyVenous thromboembolic event
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)06002
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)06000

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Percentage of Participants Hypocomplementemic for Complement Component C3 at Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96

"The percentage of participants who were hypocomplementemic for complement component, C3, defined as a C3 level <90 mg/dL.~Serum C3 complement is a protein which can be measured in the blood. Low blood levels of C3 are common in those with active lupus." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 24, Week 48 and Week 96

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24Week 48Week 96
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)57.155.061.1
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)30.030.027.8

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Percentage of Participants Hypocomplementemic for Complement Component C4 at Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96

"The percentage of participants who were hypocomplementemic for complemen component C4, defined as a C4 level <10 mg/dL.~Serum C4 complement is a protein which can be measured in the blood. Low blood levels of C4 are common in those with active lupus." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 24, Week 48 and Week 96

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24Week 48Week 96
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)19.015.016.7
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)5.015.011.1

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Percentage of Participants With a Complete Response at Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96

"The percentage of participants who achieved a complete response, defined as meeting all of the following criteria:~Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) < 0.5, based on a 24-hour collection;~Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 120 ml/min/1.73 m^2 calculated by the CKD-EPI formula or, if < 120 ml/min/1.73 m^2, then > 80% of eGFR at entry; and~Prednisone dose tapered to 10 mg/day and adherence to prednisone dosing provisions." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 24, Week 48 and Week 96

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24Week 48Week 96
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)23.835.033.3
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)30.042.142.9

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Percentage of Participants With an Negative Anti-dsDNA Result at Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96

"The percentage of participants who were anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) negative, defined as having anti-dsDNA levels <30 IU/mL.~Anti-dsDNA levels are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 24, Week 48 and Week 96

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24Week 48Week 96
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)14.320.00.0
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)15.830.027.8

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Percentage of Participants With an Overall Response at Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96

"The percentage of participants who achieved an overall response, defined as meeting all of the following criteria:~>50% improvement in the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) from study entry, based on a 24-hour collection;~Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥120 ml/min/1.73 m^2 calculated by the CKD-EPI formula or, if < 120 ml/min/1.73 m^2, then > 80% of eGFR at entry; and~Prednisone dose tapered to 10 mg/day and adherence to prednisone dosing provisions." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 24, Week 48 and Week 96

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 24Week 48Week 96
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)46.760.053.3
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)55.073.771.4

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Percentage of Participants With At Least One Grade 3 or Higher Infectious Adverse Event By Week 24, Week 48 and Week 96

"The percentage of participants who experienced at least one Grade 3 or higher treatment-emergent infectious adverse event. The severity of adverse events (AEs) was classified into grades using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, v4.03:June 14, 2010). Treatment-emergent AEs are those:~with an onset date on or after the first dose of study medication,~with onset before first dose but that worsened in severity after first dose, and~for which the start of the AE in relation to the start of study medication could not be established.~AEs were classified by system organ class and preferred term according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) version 17.0. Grade 3 or higher AEs were classified infectious based on the study team's review of the MedDRA body systems and preferred terms of the AEs." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 0 to Week 96

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 0 to Week 24Week 0 to Week 48Week 0 to Week 96
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)9.122.727.3
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)4.89.59.5

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Percentage of Participants With B Cell Reconstitution at Week 24, Week 48 and Week 96

"The percentage of participants who achieved B cell reconstitution, defined as a peripheral blood total B cell count ≥ to the baseline count or the lower limit of normal, whichever was lower. Note: B cell depletion was expected to occur in this study between Weeks 0 and 4, after initiation of rituximab and cyclophosphamide.~Normal peripheral blood B Cell count: 107 to 698 cells/µL." (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 24, Week 48 and Week 96

,
InterventionPercentage of Participants (Number)
Week 24Week 48Week 96
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)31.335.740.0
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)6.311.830.8

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Percentage of Participants With Grade 4 Hypogammaglobulinemia by Week 24, Week 48, and Week 96

The percentage of participants who experienced Grade 4 hypogammaglobulinemia, defined as having a serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) level < 300 mg/dL. Severity of adverse events (AEs) was classified using the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE, v4.03:June 14, 2010). (NCT02260934)
Timeframe: Week 24, Week 48 and Week 96

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Week 0 to Week 24Week 0 to Week 48Week 0 to Week 96
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide (RC)000
Rituximab/Cyclophosphamide/Belimumab (RCB)000

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Number of Participants With Adequate Relief of Headache as a Measure of Efficacy

Number of participants with reduction in pain scores six hours post administration by at least 2 on the pain score scale. (NCT02295280)
Timeframe: Primary outcome was six hours post administration

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Metoclopramide IV & Diphenhydramine IV34
Codeine32

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Change From Baseline in Respiratory Rate at Indicated Time Points

Respiratory rate was measured in semi-supine position after 5 minutes rest. Values at Day -1 were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was defined as difference between the post-Baseline visit value and the Baseline value. Only those participants available at the specified time points (represented by n=X in the category titles) were analyzed. (NCT02339155)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Day 183

,
InterventionBreaths per minute (Mean)
Day 1, n=286, 280Day 29, n=283, 279Day 57, n=282, 276Day 183, n=273, 266
AVA Alone-0.4-0.1-0.1-0.3
AVA+Raxibacumab-0.3-0.1-0.1-0.2

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Change From Baseline in Temperature at Indicated Time Points

Temperature was measured in semi-supine position after 5 minutes rest. Values at Day -1 were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was defined as difference between the post-Baseline visit value and the Baseline value. Only those participants available at the specified time points (represented by n=X in the category titles) were analyzed. (NCT02339155)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Day 183

,
InterventionDegree celsius (Mean)
Day 1, n=286, 280Day 29, n=283, 279Day 57, n=282, 276Day 183, n=272, 266
AVA Alone-0.04-0.04-0.05-0.04
AVA+Raxibacumab0.02-0.03-0.02-0.01

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Number of Participants With Any Serious Adverse Event (SAE) and Any Non-serious Adverse Event (AE)

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a participant, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. An AE resulting in death, is life threatening (ie, an immediate threat to life), inpatient hospitalization, prolongation of existing hospitalization, persistent or significant disability/incapacity, congenital anomaly/birth defect or any other situation which is medically important and may jeopardize the participant or may require medical or surgical intervention or events associated with liver injury and impaired liver function is categorized as SAE. The Safety population was comprised of all randomized participants who received at least one dose of AVA. (NCT02339155)
Timeframe: Up to Day 183

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Non-serious AEsSAE
AVA Alone855
AVA+Raxibacumab803

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Number of Participants With Clinical Chemistry Parameters Outside Normal Range

Blood samples were collected to evaluate clinical chemistry parameters, which included assessment of urea nitrogen (UN), creatinine, chloride, glucose, magnesium, total protein, potassium, chloride, total Carbon dioxide (CO2), sodium, calcium (cal), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total and direct bilirubin ( D.bili), albumin and calculated creatinine clearance. Here high is equal to above the upper limit of the normal range, low is equal to below the lower limit of the normal range. Participants are counted in the category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there is no change in their category. Only those participants available at the specified time points (represented by n=X in the category titles) were analyzed. (NCT02339155)
Timeframe: Up to Day 57

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Albumin g/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Albumin g/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Albumin g/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275Albumin g/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275ALP units/liter (U/L), Low, Week 4, n=283, 279ALP U/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279ALP U/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275ALP U/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275ALT U/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279ALT U/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279ALT U/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275ALT U/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275AST U/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279AST U/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279AST U/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275AST U/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275D.bili micromole/Liter (µmol/L) LowWeek4,n=274,263D.bili µmol/L, High, Week 4, n=274, 263D.bili µmol/L, Low, Week 8, n=274, 261D.bili µmol/L, High, Week 8, n=274, 261Bili µmol/L, Low, Week 4, n=280, 279Bili µmol/L, High, Week 4, n=280, 279Bili µmol/L, Low, Week 8, n=280, 273Bili µmol/L, High, Week 8, n=280, 273Cal,millimole/Liter (mmol/L)Low,Week 4,n=283, 279Cal mmol/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Cal mmol/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275Cal mmol/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275Chloride mmol/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Chloride mmol/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Chloride mmol/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275Chloride mmol/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275CO2 mmol/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279CO2 mmol/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279CO2 mmol/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275CO2 mmol/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275Creatinine µmol/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Creatinine µmol/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Creatinine µmol/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275Creatinine µmol/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275GGT U/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279GGT U/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279GGT U/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275GGT U/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275Glucose mmol/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Glucose mmol/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Glucose mmol/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275Glucose mmol/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275Potassium mmol/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Potassium mmol/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Potassium mmol/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275Potassium mmol/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275Magnesium mmol/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Magnesium mmol/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Magnesium mmol/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275Magnesium mmol/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275Protein g/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Protein g/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Protein g/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275Protein g/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275Sodium mmol/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Sodium mmol/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Sodium mmol/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275Sodium mmol/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275Urate µmol/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Urate µmol/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Urate µmol/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275Urate µmol/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275UN mmol/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279UN mmol/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279UN mmol/L, Low, Week 8, n=282, 275UN mmol/L, High, Week 8, n=282, 275
AVA Alone61203142134573974173860505513262120019012714610196207841041716162131120000161164315254943938
AVA+Raxibacumab2010520219444426375341003094527441030120911121491031053369143116122121021017292616155744767

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Number of Participants With Hematology Parameters Outside Normal Range

Hematology parameters included assessment of platelet count, erythrocytes, leukocytes , reticulocyte count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, hemoglobin and hematocrit. Here high is equal to above the upper limit of the normal range, low is equal to below the lower limit of the normal range. Participants are counted in the category that their value changes to (low, normal or high), unless there is no change in their category. Only those participants available at the specified time points (represented by n=X in the category titles) were analyzed. (NCT02339155)
Timeframe: Up to Day 57

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Eosinophils 10^9/Liter (L) Low, Week 4, n=282, 278Eosinophils 10^9/L High, Week 4, n=282, 278Eosinophils 10^9/L, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276Eosinophils 10^9/L, High, Week 8, n=281, 276Basophils 10^9/L, Low, Week 4, n=282, 278Basophils 10^9/L, High, Week 4, n=282, 278Basophils 10^9/L, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276Basophils 10^9/L, High, Week 8, n=281, 276Hematocrit percent (%) Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Hematocrit %, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Hematocrit %, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276Hematocrit %, High, Week 8, n=281, 276Hemoglobin gram/Liter (g/L) Low,Week 4,n=283, 279Hemoglobin g/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Hemoglobin g/L, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276Hemoglobin g/L, High, Week 8, n=281, 276Lymphocytes 10^9/L , Low, Week 4, n=282, 278Lymphocytes 10^9/L , High, Week 4, n=282, 278Lymphocytes 10^9/L, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276Lymphocytes 10^9/L, High, Week 8, n=281, 276MCH picogram (pg), Low, Week 4, n=283, 279MCH pg, High, Week 4, n=283, 279MCH pg, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276MCH pg, High, Week 8, n=281, 276MCHC g/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279MCHC g/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279MCHC g/L, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276MCHC g/L, High, Week 8, n=281, 276MCV femtoliters (fL), Low, Week 4, n=283, 279MCV fL, High, Week 4, n=283, 279MCV fL, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276MCV fL, High, Week 8, n=281, 276Monocytes 10^9/L , Low, Week 4, n=282, 278Monocytes 10^9/L, High, Week 4, n=282, 278Monocytes 10^9/L, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276Monocytes 10^9/L, High, Week 8, n=281, 276Neutrophils 10^9/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Neutrophils 10^9/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Neutrophils 10^9/L, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276Neutrophils 10^9/L, High, Week 8, n=281, 276Erythrocytes 10^12/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Erythrocytes 10^12/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Erythrocytes 10^12/L, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276Erythrocytes 10^12/L, High, Week 8, n=281, 276Leukocytes 10^9/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Leukocytes 10^9/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Leukocytes 10^9/L, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276Leukocytes 10^9/L, High, Week 8, n=281, 276Reticulocytes 10^12/L, Low, Week 4, n=283, 279Reticulocytes 10^12/L, High, Week 4, n=283, 279Reticulocytes 10^12/L, Low, Week 8, n=281, 276Reticulocytes 10^12/L, High, Week 8, n=281, 276Platelet 10^9/L, Low, Week 4, n=282, 279Platelet 10^9/L, High, Week 4, n=282, 279Platelet 10^9/L, Low, Week 8, n=280, 276Platelet 10^9/L, High, Week 8, n=280, 276
AVA Alone04070000726274733020202031931620300300735164261526111156041
AVA+Raxibacumab0605000061923110211401050317712212002018266478312210503134040

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Number of Participants With Urinalysis Parameters

Urinalysis parameters included amorphous crystals, bacteria, bilirubin, calcium oxalate (Ca Ox) crystals, choriogonadotropin beta, clarity, color, crystals of Ca Ox, erythrocytes, glucose, hemoglobin, ketone bodies, ketones, leukocyte cell clumps, leukocyte esterase, leukocytes, mucous threads, nitrite, occult blood, protein, specific gravity, squamous epithelial cells, turbidity, urobilinogen, and transitional epithelial cells. In urinalysis test plus sign (+) indicates increase in the level of the parameters. (NCT02339155)
Timeframe: Day 57

,
InterventionParticipants (Number)
Amorphous crystals 1+Amorphous crystals 2+Amorphous crystals 3+Amorphous crystals 4+Amorphous crystals traceBacteria 1+Bacteria 2+Bacteria 3+Bacteria 4+Bacteria fewBacteria manyBacteria modBacteria OccBacteria rareBacteria traceBilirubin 1+Bilirubin negativeBilirubin smallCa Ox Crystals fewCa Ox Crystals rareChoriogonadotropin Beta negativeChoriogonadotropin Beta positiveClarity, clearClarity, cloudyClarity turbidColor amberColor colorlessColor light-redColor light-yellowColor yellowCrystals Ca-OxErythrocytes 0-2Erythrocytes 10-25Erythrocytes 2-5Erythrocytes 25-50Erythrocytes 5-10Erythrocytes 50-99Erythrocytes innumerableErythrocytes less than 1Erythrocytes TntcGlucose positiveGlucose negativeHemoglobin +Hemoglobin ++Hemoglobin +++Hemoglobin largeHemoglobin modHemoglobin negativeHemoglobin smallHemoglobin traceKetone bodies negativeKetone bodies traceKetones +Ketones ++Ketones ++++Ketones modKetones negativeKetones traceLeukocyte Cell Clumps OccLeukocyte Cell Clumps rareLeukocyte Esterase 1+Leukocyte Esterase 2+Leukocyte Esterase 3+Leukocyte Esterase largeLeukocyte Esterase ModLeukocyte Esterase ModerateLeukocyte Esterase negativeLeukocyte Esterase smallLeukocyte Esterase traceLeukocyte +Leukocyte ++Leukocyte +++Leukocyte 0-2Leukocyte 10-25Leukocyte 2-5Leukocyte 25-50Leukocyte 5-10Leukocyte less than 1Leukocyte largeLeukocyte modLeukocyte negativeLeukocyte smallLeukocyte traceMucous threads 2+Mucous Threads fewMucous Threads manyMucous Threads ModMucous Threads traceNitrite negativeNitrite positiveOccult Blood 1+Occult Blood 2+Occult Blood 3+Occult Blood largeOccult Blood modOccult Blood moderateOccult Blood negativeOccult Blood smallOccult Blood traceProtein +Protein ++Protein ++++Protein 1+Protein largeProtein negativeProtein non-heamProtein traceSpecific Gravity <=1.005Specific Gravity >=1.030Squamous Epithelial Cells 0-2Squamous Epithelial Cells 2-5Squamous Epithelial Cells 5-10Squamous Epithelial Cells <1Turbidity clearTurbidity cloudyTurbidity hazyUrobilinogen <2.0Urobilinogen less than 2.0Urobilinogen normalTransitional Epithelial Cells <1
AVA Alone17031120121135221960022413881210674910732011010112571301431741321140110125501141110111625135111052602841187290242111908110512163223720312441121382291521911333472
AVA+Raxibacumab5134221101027833188223160442051127117104061201400257183226166131106410202477012107341597100019927145551885712512219030213571482161001402380155635281531611131460

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Percentage of Participants Who Seroconvert, at Weeks 4, 8, and 26 (Days 29, 57 and 183) After the First AVA Dose, Between the AVA Alone and the AVA With Raxibacumab Treatment Groups

The percentage of participants, with corresponding 95% CI based on Wilson's method, who seroconvert (seroconversion is defined as a >4-fold increase in toxin neutralizing activity [TNA] titer) was summarized, at Weeks 4, 8 and 26 after the first AVA dose for both arms separately. Serum TNA titer was determined using a cell-based assay. (NCT02339155)
Timeframe: Days 29, 57 and 183

,
InterventionPercent of Participants (Number)
Week 4Week 8Week 26
AVA Alone76.495.331.9
AVA+Raxibacumab99.398.132.0

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Ratio of GMC of Anti-PA Ab at Weeks 8 and 26 (Days 57 and 183) After the First AVA Dose, Between the AVA Alone and AVA With Raxibacumab Treatment Groups

Anti-PA antibody concentrations were collected at Weeks 8 and 26 after the first AVA dose. Serum AVA derived anti-PA Ab concentrations were determined using an approved immunoassay. The GMCs with corresponding 95% CI were calculated for each treatment group at each timepoint. Only those participants available at the specified time points (represented by n=X in the category titles) were analyzed. (NCT02339155)
Timeframe: Days 57 and 183

,
Interventionµg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Week 8, n=275, 267Week 26, n=267, 258
AVA Alone50.47010.007
AVA+Raxibacumab46.09510.231

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Ratio of Geometric Mean Concentrations (GMC) of Anti-protective Antigen (PA) Antibody (Ab) at 4 Weeks (Day 29) After the First AVA Dose (Prior to the Third AVA Dose), Between the AVA Alone and the AVA With Raxibacumab Treatment Groups

Ratio of the GMC of anti-PA Ab between AVA alone and the AVA with raxibacumab treatment group was assessed to compare the immunogenicity of AVA at 4 weeks after the first AVA dose (prior to the third AVA dose). Serum AVA derived anti-PA Ab concentrations were determined using an approved immunoassay. Per Protocol (PP) population was used in analysis which comprised of all analyzable participants (those who received at least the Week 0 [Day 1] and Week 2 [Day 15] AVA doses within the protocol specified visit window; receive the raxibacumab dose, if randomized to Treatment Group 2 and; completed the primary study endpoint assessment [anti-PA Ab concentration at Week 4]). (NCT02339155)
Timeframe: Day 29

InterventionMicrogram/milliliter (µg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
AVA Alone26.516
AVA+Raxibacumab22.477

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Change From Baseline in Heart Rate at Indicated Time Points

Heart rate was measured in semi-supine position after 5 minutes rest. Values at Day -1 were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was defined as difference between the post-Baseline visit value and the Baseline value. Only those participants available at the specified time points (represented by n=X in the category titles) were analyzed. (NCT02339155)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Day 183

,
InterventionBeats per minute (bpm) (Mean)
Day 1, n=286, 280Day 29, n=283, 279Day 57, n=282, 275Day 183, n=273, 266
AVA Alone-0.3-0.4-1.20.9
AVA+Raxibacumab-0.8-0.4-0.90.7

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Change From Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at Indicated Time Points

SBP and DBP were measured in semi-supine position after 5 minutes rest. Values at Day -1 were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was defined as difference between the post-Baseline visit value and the Baseline value. Only those participants available at the specified time points (represented by n=X in the category titles) were analyzed. (NCT02339155)
Timeframe: Baseline and up to Day 183

,
InterventionMillimeter of mercury (mmHg) (Mean)
SBP, Day 1, n=286, 280SBP, Day 29, n=283, 279SBP, Day 57, n=282, 275SBP, Day 183, n=273, 266DBP, Day 1, n=286, 280DBP, Day 29, n=283, 279DBP, Day 57, n=282, 275DBP, Day 183, n=273, 266
AVA Alone-3.40.61.82.4-2.71.01.92.3
AVA+Raxibacumab-3.81.92.21.5-3.11.62.32.5

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Mean Percentage Change in Circulating Blood Levels of Cytokines 2 Hours Post-Dose

(NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 2 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,,,,,,
Interventionpercentage change (Mean)
Serum interleukin-1 betaSerum interleukin-6Serum interleukin-8Serum interleukin-10Serum interleukin-12p40Serum interleukin-12p70Serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1Serum macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alphaSerum tumor necrosis factor alphaSerum interferon alpha 2
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg0532-520123147660
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg07928072204422942070
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg09533651505053862860
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg05010342606322641870
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg0277171227054117616748180
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg01005641900129710964764
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg0146252116152054340630173
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg-9258695377-91669061003761172
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg9364201563829822014854742515
Part A: Placebo0-1-6-2-3-111535
Part B: 2.0 mg/kg-2601970-4-3262246107-3
Part B: 4.0 mg/kg114130460794844055700
Part B: Placebo056-44-5023-270-2969

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Number of Participants With AAT Reduction > 30% From Baseline (First Occurrence)

Data presents the study visit day upon which a participant had the first occurrence of AAT reduction of > 30% from Baseline, and the number of participants who had a > 30% reduction at any visit (overall). Baseline AAT levels consisted of a geometric mean based on 3 assessments taken prior to study drug administration: at 2 time points during the Screening window at least 5 days apart, and on Day -1. (NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Baseline, Days 3, 8, 15, 22 and 29

,,,,,,,,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
OverallDay 3Day 8Day 15Day 22Day 29
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg000000
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg200002
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg200200
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg301200
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg404000
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg404000
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg413000
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg412001
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg321000
Part A: Placebo000000
Part B: 2.0 mg/kg202000
Part B: 4.0 mg/kg330000
Part B: Placebo101000

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Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Treatment-Emergent Abnormalities in Laboratory Values

Laboratory values collected include: hematology (haemoglobin, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets, white cell count, monocytes); biochemistry (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, creatine kinase, creatinine, gamma-glutamyltransferase, fasting glucose, troponin I); coagulation parameters (fibrinogen, international normalized ratio); and C-reactive protein. (NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29 ± 1 day

,,,,,,,,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Troponin INeutrophilsCreatine KinaseWhite Cell CountMonocytesRed Cell Distribution Width
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg100000
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg000000
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg000000
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg000000
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg011000
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg000000
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg000000
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg000000
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg000000
Part A: Placebo000000
Part B: 2.0 mg/kg010111
Part B: 4.0 mg/kg000000
Part B: Placebo000000

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Number of Participants With Clinically Significant Treatment-Emergent Abnormalities in Vital Signs, Electrocardiograms (ECGs), Pulmonary Function, Physical Findings, and Other Observations

Values collected include: vital signs (clinically concerning or symptomatic treatment emergent changes in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, or temperature); ECGs (clinically significant changes from baseline were observed for ventricular rate, RR interval, QRS duration, QT interval or QT interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's formula [QTcF]; treatment emergent clinically significant changes in ST segments, P wave or T wave morphology; cardiac telemetry monitoring); clinically significant abnormal physical examination findings; treatment emergent sensitivity to bee venom; pulmonary function (clinically significant worsening in spirometry parameters and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide [DLCO]). (NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Day 1 through Day 29 ± 1 day

,,,,,,,,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Vital SignsECGsPhysical Examination FindingsBee Venom SensitivityPulmonary Function
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg00000
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg00000
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg01000
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg00000
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg00000
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg00000
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg00000
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg00000
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg00000
Part A: Placebo00101
Part B: 2.0 mg/kg00000
Part B: 4.0 mg/kg00100
Part B: Placebo00000

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), or Discontinuations Due to TEAEs

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. TEAEs are defined as defined as AEs with onset after administration of the study drug, or when a preexisting medical condition increases in severity or frequency after study drug administration. SAEs are defined as is an AE that: results in death; is life-threatening; requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of an existing hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; is a medically important event or reaction. (NCT02363946)
Timeframe: From the first dose of study treatment through Day 29 ± 1 day

,,,,,,,,,,,,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
TEAEsStudy Drug Related TEAEsMild or Moderate TEAEsSevere TEAEsStudy Drug Related Moderate TEAEsStudy Drug Related Severe TEAEsSAEsDiscontinuations Due to TEAEs
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg21201000
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg21200000
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg22201000
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg11101000
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg31300000
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg32300000
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg30300000
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg10100000
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg33303000
Part A: Placebo91810010
Part B: 2.0 mg/kg31300000
Part B: 4.0 mg/kg20200000
Part B: Placebo40400000

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Percentage Reduction From Baseline of AAT Up to Day 29

Clinical assay for total serum AAT level was used for Part A. A quantitative measurement of AAT was used for Part B. A negative percent reduction indicates a percentage increase. Baseline AAT levels consisted of a geometric mean based on 3 assessments taken prior to study drug administration: at 2 time points during the Screening window at least 5 days apart, and on Day -1. (NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Baseline, Days 3, 8, 15, 22 and 29

,,,,,,,,,,,,
Interventionpercentage reduction (Mean)
Day 3Day 8Day 15Day 22Day 29
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg-4.700.935.001.420.19
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg-7.0010.903.896.8125.87
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg-1.9413.4026.7215.5913.93
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg13.7633.2033.6535.5027.40
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg20.7646.9261.5358.6450.02
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg21.6558.5274.2077.1873.15
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg22.2058.4475.7583.1282.99
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg20.3550.9573.5781.1478.20
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg30.0758.6679.1887.4787.93
Part A: Placebo-4.65-0.260.780.50-1.56
Part B: 2.0 mg/kg11.543.137.525.121.0
Part B: 4.0 mg/kg43.854.477.759.565.2
Part B: Placebo-13.07.07.21.7-7.2

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Pharmacokinetics of ARC-AAT: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From From Zero to Infinity (AUCinf) for the Analytes AD00370 and ARC-MLP (Part A)

(NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Day 1, 2, and 3 at pre-dose and then at 0.08, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,,
Interventionhr*ng/mL (Mean)
Analyte AD00370Analyte ARC-MLP
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg2738834718
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg85906103116
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg164856277684
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg285487380506
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg441239559372
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg547045569056
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg719843872798
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg771924952668
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg9163431251318

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Pharmacokinetics of ARC-AAT: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to Time 24 Hours (AUC0-24) for the Analytes AD00370 and ARC-MLP (Part A)

(NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Day 1, 2, and 3 at pre-dose and then at 0.08, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,,
Interventionhr*ng/mL (Mean)
Analyte AD00370Analyte ARC-MLP
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg2690528734
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg8513882627
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg162198213250
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg282710291876
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg438532458790
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg541628459939
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg708648699833
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg763392716938
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg9081171011569

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Number of Participants With a Return From Nadir AAT Blood Levels to Above Normal or Within 15% of Baseline in > 100 Days

Baseline AAT levels consisted of a geometric mean based on 3 assessments taken prior to study drug administration: at 2 time points during the Screening window at least 5 days apart, and on Day -1. (NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Baseline, up to Day 29, and through 100 days of follow-up

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg4
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg4
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg4
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg4
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg4
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg4
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg4
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg4
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg4
Part A: Placebo18
Part B: 2.0 mg/kg4
Part B: 4.0 mg/kg3
Part B: Placebo4

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Pharmacokinetics of ARC-AAT: Half-Life (t1/2) for the Analytes AD00370 and ARC-MLP (Part A)

(NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Day 1, 2, and 3 at pre-dose and then at 0.08, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,,
Interventionhours (Mean)
Analyte AD00370Analyte ARC-MLP
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg3.909.02
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg3.918.60
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg4.099.77
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg3.999.83
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg3.758.43
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg3.788.93
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg3.809.17
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg3.9011.3
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg3.839.52

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Pharmacokinetics of ARC-AAT: Time to Maximum Observed Concentration (Tmax) for the Analytes AD00370 and ARC-MLP (Part A)

(NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Day 1, 2, and 3 at pre-dose and then at 0.08, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,,
Interventionhour (Median)
Analyte AD00370Analyte ARC-MLP
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg0.0830.083
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg0.0830.083
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg0.0830.083
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg0.0830.083
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg0.0830.083
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg0.0830.083
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg0.0830.083
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg0.0830.50
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg0.500.50

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Pharmacokinetics of ARC-AAT: Terminal Elimination Rate Constant Obtained From the Slope of the Line (Kel) for the Analytes AD00370 and ARC-MLP (Part A)

(NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Day 1, 2, and 3 at pre-dose and then at 0.08, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,,
Intervention1/hour (Mean)
Analyte AD00370Analyte ARC-MLP
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg0.1860.0786
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg0.1770.0879
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg0.1700.0778
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg0.1740.0762
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg0.1850.0846
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg0.1830.0815
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg0.1850.0768
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg0.1780.0622
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg0.1810.0730

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Pharmacokinetics of ARC-AAT: Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for the Analytes AD00370 and ARC-Melittin-Like Peptide (MLP; Part A)

(NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Day 1, 2, and 3 at pre-dose and then at 0.08, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,,
Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Analyte AD00370Analyte ARC-MLP
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg44302760
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg155009350
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg3240020700
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg5065027050
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg7562543425
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg9327548975
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg11575070050
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg13025062525
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg16700084733

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Mean Percentage Change in Circulating Blood Levels of Complement Factors 2 Hours Post-Dose

(NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Pre-dose, 2 hours post-dose

,,,,,,,,,,,,
Interventionpercentage change (Mean)
Plasma BbSerum C3aSerum C4aSerum C5aSerum CH50
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg18-12-52-5
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg5630372-14
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg76-22-11-16-14
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg133-02-2-8
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg1817116-14-16
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg137-5-82-17
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg7014780-10
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg14740606-13
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg30934-16-19
Part A: Placebo-7-11-19-2-3
Part B: 2.0 mg/kg56-18-35-4-3
Part B: 4.0 mg/kg5921916022-18
Part B: Placebo-1416-15-4-0

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Maximum Percentage Reduction in Mean AAT (Nadir of Mean AAT)

(NCT02363946)
Timeframe: Study Day for Nadir of Mean AAT: Day 8 (for Part B 2 mg/kg arm), Day 15 (for Part A 0.38 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/ kg, Placebo arms; Part B 4 mg/kg, Placebo arms), Day 22 (Part A 3 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, 7 mg/kg arms), Day 29 (1 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg arms)

Interventionpercentage reduction (Number)
Part A: 0.38 mg/kg5.0
Part A: 1.0 mg/kg25.9
Part A: 2.0 mg/kg26.7
Part A: 3.0 mg/kg35.5
Part A: 4.0 mg/kg61.5
Part A: 5.0 mg/kg77.2
Part A: 6.0 mg/kg83.1
Part A: 7.0 mg/kg81.1
Part A: 8.0 mg/kg87.9
Part A: Placebo0.78
Part B: 2.0 mg/kg43.1
Part B: 4.0 mg/kg77.7
Part B: Placebo7.2

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Number of Participants Who Achieved Short Term Headache Relief, Assessed by Telphone Questionnaire

"Participants were asked to make evaluation of pain status since discharge. Those achieving headache level mild or none for 1 hour are considered to achieve short term headache relief." (NCT02389829)
Timeframe: 48 hours after discharge from Emergency Department

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hydromorphone33
Prochlorperazine53

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Number of Participants With Sustained Headache Relief Assessed by Self-evaluation

"Sustained headache relief is defined as achieving a headache level of mild or none within two hours and maintaining a level of mild or none for 48 hours, without use of addition medication. Patient self-evaluated pain level is solicited every half hour for two hours in the Emergency Department and then by telephone 48 hours after medication administration." (NCT02389829)
Timeframe: up to 2 hours in Emergency Department, 48 hours after discharge from Emergency Department

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hydromorphone20
Prochlorperazine37

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Number of Participants Needing Rescue Medication as Assessed by Questionnaire

Data collected by telephone. Patients were asked if they needed additional medication after discharge in order to reduce level of pain. This additional medication is considered rescue medication. (NCT02389829)
Timeframe: 48 hours after discharge from Emergency Department

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hydromorphone23
Prochlorperazine4

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Number of Participants Who Achieved Short Term Headache Freedom; Assessed by Telephone Questionnaire

Participants were asked to evaluate pain status since discharge. Participants who achieved total headache freedom for at least 1 hour are considered to achieve short term headache relief. (NCT02389829)
Timeframe: 48 hours after discharge from Emergency Department

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hydromorphone16
Prochlorperazine29

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), Deaths, and Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events (AEs)

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant which does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with treatment. An SAE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence that, at any dose: results in death; is life-threatening; requires inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of an existing hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity; is a congenital anomaly/birth defect; or is a medically important event or reaction. An AE was classified as a TEAE if the AE was not present prior to the first study medication administration and started at or after the time of initiation of administration of study medication, or if the AE presented prior to initiation of administration of study medication, continued and increased in intensity after administration of study medication. (NCT02452528)
Timeframe: From time of informed consent through Day 147 ± 3 days

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
TEAEsSAEsDeathsDiscontinuations due to AEs
ARC-5200000
Placebo1000

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Proportion of Liver Transplant Recipients Who Are Able to Reduce Calcineurin Inhibitor Dosing by 75 Percent and Discontinue a Second Immunosuppression Drug (if Applicable) With Stable Liver Function Tests (LFTs) for ≥ 12 Weeks

The ability to reduce baseline, standard of care calcineurin inhibitor dosing following transplantation was measured by determining the number of subjects who were able to tolerate a 75 percent reduction in their calcineurin inhibitors along with discontinuation of either prednisone or mycophenolate mofetil following initiation of immunosuppression withdrawal. (NCT02474199)
Timeframe: From initiation of immunosuppression withdrawal to 24 weeks after darTregs infusion

InterventionProportion of Participants (Number)
Initiated Immunosuppression Withdrawal0.20

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Number of Participants Achieving Efficacy Status Post Receipt of a Single Intravenous (IV) Dose of Donor Alloantigen Reactive Regulatory T Cells (darTregs)

Efficacy was assessed by determining the number (and percentage) of participants who have received darTreg infusion and are identified as operationally tolerant, defined by maintaining stable allograft function (assessed by liver tests) and histology (determined by central pathologist reading in comparison to screening liver biopsy at study entry) in the absence of immunosuppression for one year. (NCT02474199)
Timeframe: From initiation of immunosuppression withdrawal to 52 weeks after darTreg infusion

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Initiated Immunosuppression Withdrawal, Received darTregs0

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Number of Liver Transplant Recipients Who Experience the Composite Outcome

This measure includes refractory acute rejection, chronic rejection, re-transplantation, and death. Rejection was diagnosed based on local pathology. Participants are considered to have met this endpoint if they experience any one of these events at least once. (NCT02474199)
Timeframe: From initiation of immunosuppression withdrawal to 52 weeks after darTreg infusion

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Initiated Immunosuppression Withdrawal0

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Number of Participants Who Experience at Least One Episode of Biopsy Proven Acute Rejection, Clinical Acute Rejection, or Chronic Rejection

"A participant was considered to have met this endpoint if they experienced at least one episode of biopsy proven acute rejection, clinical acute rejection, or chronic rejection based on local pathology.~Biopsy proven acute rejection was assessed as Grade I or higher based on the Banff (1997) global criteria featuring the following grades:~Indeterminate~Grade I Mild Acute Rejection~Grade II Moderate Acute Rejection~Grade III Severe Acute Rejection.~Clinical AR was determined based on the participant receiving treatment for rejection with or without biopsy confirmation of rejection.~Chronic rejection was determined by the presence of abnormal total and direct bilirubin in the conjunction with liver pathology fulfilling the Banff (2000) criteria as outlined:~Early Stage Chronic Rejection~Late Stage Chronic Rejection." (NCT02474199)
Timeframe: From initiation of immunosuppression withdrawal to 52 weeks after darTreg infusion

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Initiated Immunosuppression Withdrawal5

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Number of Participants Who Experienced Grade 3 or Higher Adverse Events (AEs) Deemed Attributable to darTreg Infusion

The National Cancer Institute - Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0 was used to grade the severity of all AEs. A participant was considered to have met this endpoint if they experienced at least one CTCAE Grade 3 or higher AE deemed attributable (i.e., considered at least possibly related) to darTreg infusion (infusion reaction, cytokine release syndrome). (NCT02474199)
Timeframe: From initiation of immunosuppression withdrawal to 24 weeks after darTregs infusion

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Initiated Immunosuppression Withdrawal, Received darTregs0

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Number of Participants With Any Malignancy

Number of participants with any malignancy, including Post -Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD). PTLD is a specific type of malignancy that can occur following transplantation of a solid organ and is characterized by a proliferation of B cells, which may result in lymphoma. (NCT02474199)
Timeframe: From initiation of immunosuppression withdrawal to 24 weeks after darTregs infusion

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Initiated Immunosuppression Withdrawal0

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Number of Participants With Study Defined Grade 3 or Higher Infections

"The following grading system was applied to AEs of infection:~Grade 1: asymptomatic; clinical or diagnostic observation only; intervention with oral antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral agent only; no invasive intervention required~Grade 2: symptomatic; intervention with intravenous antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral agent; invasive intervention may be required~Grade 3: any infection associated with hemodynamic compromise requiring pressors; any infection necessitating intensive care unit level of care; any infection necessitating operative intervention; any infection involving the central nervous system; any infection with a positive fungal blood culture; any proven or probable aspergillus infection; any tissue invasive fungal infection; any pneumocystis jiroveci infection~Grade 4: life-threatening infection~Grade 5: death resulting from infection~A participant was considered to have met this endpoint if they experienced at least one Grade 3 or higher infection." (NCT02474199)
Timeframe: From initiation of immunosuppression withdrawal to 24 weeks after darTregs infusion

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Initiated Immunosuppression Withdrawal0

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Count of Participants by Severity of Biopsy Proven Acute Rejection and/or Chronic Rejection

"Participants are counted in each grade of rejection they experienced; however, a participant is only counted once within a specific grade. Biopsy proven acute rejection and Chronic rejection were graded based on local pathology according to the Banff (1997 for Acute Rejection; 2000 for Chronic Rejection) global assessment criteria as outlined below.~Biopsy proven acute rejection was assessed as Grade I or higher using the following grades:~Indeterminate~Grade I Mild Acute Rejection~Grade II Moderate Acute Rejection~Grade III Severe Acute Rejection.~Chronic rejection was determined by the presence of abnormal total and direct bilirubin in the conjunction with liver pathology fulfilling the Banff criteria as outlined:~Early Stage Chronic Rejection~Late Stage Chronic Rejection." (NCT02474199)
Timeframe: From initiation of immunosuppression withdrawal to 52 weeks after darTregs infusion

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Mild Acute RejectionModerate Acute RejectionSevere Acute RejectionEarly Stage Chronic RejectionLate Stage Chronic Rejection
Initiated Immunosuppression Withdrawal20000

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Change in eGFR Between Post-transplant Nadir and 24 Months as Measured by CKD-EPI

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function and helps determine the stage of kidney disease. eGFR was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI) equation. A value of 90+ means kidney function is normal. A value between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease. Values between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function. Values between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function. Values below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure. Post-transplant nadir was defined as the lowest value of eGFR from the first 6 months post-transplant. The change in eGFR between nadir and month 24 was calculated as the month 24 eGFR minus the nadir eGFR for each participant. A window of +/- 21 days was used for month 6 and +/- 1 month was used for month 24. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 6 months and 24 months post-transplantation

InterventionmL/min/1.73m2 (Mean)
Experimental8.5
Control12.0

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Change in eGFR Between Post-transplant Nadir and 24 Months as Measured by MDRD

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function and helps determine the stage of kidney disease. eGFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. A value of 90+ means kidney function is normal. A value between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease. Values between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function. Values between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function. Values below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure. Post-transplant nadir was defined as the lowest value of eGFR from the first 6 months post-transplant. The change in eGFR between nadir and month 24 was calculated as the month 24 eGFR minus the nadir eGFR for each participant. A window of +/- 21 days was used for month 6 and +/- 1 month was used for month 24. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 6 months and 24 months post-transplantation

InterventionmL/min/1.73m2 (Mean)
Experimental8.1
Control11.6

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Creatinine Reduction Ratio (CRR), Defined as the First Creatinine on Day 2 Divided by he First Creatinine After Surgery

Serum creatinine (mg/dL) is used to measure kidney function. A normal result is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. Higher results indicate poorer kidney function, as creatinine is removed from the body by the kidneys. CRR was calculated as the day 1 post-transplant creatinine value minus the day 2 creatinine value divided by the day 1 creatinine value and multiplied by 100, resulting in a percentage. Higher numbers indicate a greater reduction in serum creatinine and, thus, potentially better kidney function. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: Day 2 post-transplantation

InterventionPercentage (Mean)
Experimental24.28
Control20.97

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Creatinine Reduction Ratio (CRR), Defined as the First Creatinine on Day 5 Divided by the First Creatinine After Surgery.

Serum creatinine (mg/dL) is used to measure kidney function. A normal result is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. Higher results indicate poorer kidney function, as creatinine is removed from the body by the kidneys. CRR was calculated as the day 1 post-transplant creatinine value minus the day 5 creatinine value divided by the day 1 creatinine value and multiplied by 100, resulting in a percentage. Higher numbers indicate a greater reduction in serum creatinine and, thus, potentially better kidney function. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: Day 5 post-transplantation

InterventionPercentage (Mean)
Experimental47.06
Control43.37

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Days From Transplantation Until Event (ACR, AMR, or Hospitalization for Infection and/or Malignancy)

Participants are considered to have met this endpoint if they experienced biopsy-proven T-cell mediated rejection (ACR) or antibody mediated rejection (AMR) based on central pathology reading or were hospitalized for infection and/or malignancy. For participants who met one or more of these three components, the earliest event date of the three components was used as the time of meeting the endpoint. Participants who did not meet any of the three components were censored at their last date of follow-up. Event (or censor) day was calculated as event (or censor) date minus transplant date. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

InterventionDays to event (Median)
Experimental642
Control613

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Duration of Delayed Graft Function (DGF), Defined as Time From Transplantation to the Last Required Dialysis Treatment.

Participants are considered to have had DGF if they had at least one dialysis treatment in the first week post-transplant. For this endpoint, duration was calculated as the date of last post-transplant dialysis treatment minus the date of the first post-transplant dialysis treatment. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: First post-transplant dialysis treatment to last post-transplant dialysis treatment

InterventionDays (Mean)
Experimental13.27
Control15.74

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eGFR Values as Measured by CKD-EPI

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function and helps determine the stage of kidney disease. eGFR was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI) equation. A value of 90+ means kidney function is normal. A value between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease. Values between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function. Values between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function. Values below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure. eGFR values from day 7 and months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 were used to generate an estimate of the eGFR at each time point of interest for each treatment group. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: Day 7 post-transplantation

InterventionmL/min/1.73m2 (Mean)
Experimental41.01
Control41.85

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eGFR Values as Measured by MDRD

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function and helps determine the stage of kidney disease. eGFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. A value of 90+ means kidney function is normal. A value between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease. Values between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function. Values between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function. Values below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure. eGFR values from day 7 and months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 were used to generate an estimate of the eGFR at each time point of interest for each treatment group. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: Day 7 post-transplantation

InterventionmL/min/1.73m2 (Mean)
Experimental38.93
Control39.96

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Number of Dialysis Sessions.

The number of dialysis sessions a person had during their first 8 weeks post-transplant was used for this endpoint. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 8 weeks post-transplantation

InterventionDialysis sessions (Mean)
Experimental0.14
Control0.26

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Percent of Participants That Required at Least One Dialysis Treatment.

Dialysis within the first week post-transplant is used in the setting of delayed graft function (DGF). Participants are considered to have had DGF if they had at least one dialysis treatment in the first week post-transplant. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 1 week post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental31.0
Control35.7

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Percent of Participants With Any Infection Requiring Hospitalization or Resulting in Death.

Participants were considered to have met this endpoint if they had an infection that required hospitalization or resulted in death. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental43.0
Control39.3

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Percent of Participants With BANFF Chronicity Scores > or Equal 2 on the 24 Month Biopsy.

The Banff 2013 classification involves scoring numerous characteristics of renal biopsy specimens. The ci (interstitial fibrosis) and ct (tubular atrophy) scores are two such characteristics. The scores can take values of 0, 1, 2, or 3 for each characteristic (ci and ct), indicating increasing severity of disease as the scores increase. Participants are considered to have met this endpoint if their ci + ct score on the 24 month biopsy summed to be > or equal to 2. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental73.1
Control36.4

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Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Antibody Mediated Rejection (AMR)

Antibody mediated rejection (AMR) was defined based on central lab pathology interpretation using the Banff 2013 criteria. Participants with a Banff finding of AMR within 6 months of transplant were determined to have met the endpoint. AMR is classified as acute/active, chronic/active, or C4d staining positive.Criteria include: acute/active-histologic evidence of acute tissue injury, evidence of current/recent antibody interaction with vascular endothelium, and serologic evidence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs); chronic/active-morphologic evidence of chronic tissue injury, evidence of current/recent antibody interaction with vascular endothelium, and serologic evidence of DSAs; C4d staining positive-linear C4d staining in peritubular capillaries, glomerulitis=0, peritubular capillary=0, chronic glomerulopathy=0, no acute cell-mediated rejection or borderline changes. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 6 months post-transplantation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Experimental0.0
Control0.0

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Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Antibody Mediated Rejection (AMR).

Antibody mediated rejection (AMR) was defined based on central lab pathology interpretation using the Banff 2013 criteria. Participants with a Banff finding of AMR within 24 months of transplant were determined to have met the endpoint. AMR is classified as acute/active, chronic/active, or C4d staining positive. Criteria include: acute/active-histologic evidence of acute tissue injury, evidence of current/recent antibody interaction with vascular endothelium, and serologic evidence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs); chronic/active-morphologic evidence of chronic tissue injury, evidence of current/recent antibody interaction with vascular endothelium, and serologic evidence of DSAs; C4d staining positive-linear C4d staining in peritubular capillaries, glomerulitis=0, peritubular capillary=0, chronic glomerulopathy=0, no acute cell-mediated rejection or borderline changes. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participant (Number)
Experimental1.3
Control0.0

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Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Antibody Mediated Rejection AMR or Suspicious for AMR

Antibody mediated rejection (AMR) was defined based on central lab pathology interpretation using the Banff 2013 criteria. Participants with a Banff finding of AMR or suspicious for AMR within 6 months of transplant were determined to have met the endpoint. AMR is classified as acute/active, chronic/active, C4d staining positive, or suspicious. Criteria include: acute/active-histologic evidence of acute tissue injury, evidence of current/recent antibody interaction with vascular endothelium, and serologic evidence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs); chronic/active-morphologic evidence of chronic tissue injury, evidence of current/recent antibody interaction with vascular endothelium, and serologic evidence of DSAs; C4d staining positive-linear C4d staining in peritubular capillaries, glomerulitis=0, peritubular capillary=0, chronic glomerulopathy=0, no acute cell-mediated rejection or borderline changes; suspicious-when 2 of 3 factors for acute/active are present. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 6 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental2.8
Control0.0

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Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Antibody Mediated Rejection AMR or Suspicious for AMR.

Antibody mediated rejection (AMR) was defined based on central lab pathology interpretation using the Banff 2013 criteria. Participants with a Banff finding of AMR or suspicious for AMR within 24 months of transplant were determined to have met the endpoint. AMR is classified as acute/active, chronic/active, C4d staining positive, or suspicious. Criteria include: acute/active-histologic evidence of acute tissue injury, evidence of current/recent antibody interaction with vascular endothelium, and serologic evidence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs); chronic/active-morphologic evidence of chronic tissue injury, evidence of current/recent antibody interaction with vascular endothelium, and serologic evidence of DSAs; C4d staining positive-linear C4d staining in peritubular capillaries, glomerulitis=0, peritubular capillary=0, chronic glomerulopathy=0, no acute cell-mediated rejection or borderline changes; suspicious-when 2 of 3 factors for acute/active are present (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental3.8
Control1.4

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Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Cellular Rejection (BPAR)

Acute cellular rejection was defined based on central lab pathology interpretation using the Banff 2007 criteria. Participants with a Banff grade of greater than or equal to IA with or without clinical symptoms within 6 months of transplant were determined to have met the endpoint. Severity is graded as IA, IB, IIA, IIB, or III, with IA being the mildest form of cellular rejection and III being the most severe form of cellular rejection.Criteria include: IA-significant interstitial infiltration and foci of moderate tubulitis; IB-significant interstitial infiltration and foci of severe tubulitis; IIA-mild to moderate intimal arteritis; IIB-severe intimal arteritis; III-transmural arteritis and/or arterial fibrinoid change and necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells with accompanying lymphocytic inflammation. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 6 month post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental4.2
Control3.0

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Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Cellular Rejection (BPAR) or Borderline Rejection

Acute cellular rejection was defined based on central lab pathology interpretation using the Banff 2007 criteria. Participants with a Banff grade of borderline or greater than or equal to IA with or without clinical symptoms within 24 months of transplant were determined to have met the endpoint. Severity is graded as Borderline, IA, IB, IIA, IIB, or III, with borderline representing possible cellular rejection, IA being the mildest form of cellular rejection, and III being the most severe form of cellular rejection. Criteria include: Borderline-no intimal arteritis is present but foci of mild tubulitis; IA-significant interstitial infiltration and foci of moderate tubulitis; IB-significant interstitial infiltration and foci of severe tubulitis; IIA-mild to moderate intimal arteritis; IIB-severe intimal arteritis; III-transmural arteritis and/or arterial fibrinoid change and necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells with accompanying lymphocytic inflammation. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental12.8
Control7

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Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Cellular Rejection (BPAR) or Borderline Rejection.

Acute cellular rejection was defined based on central lab pathology interpretation using the Banff 2007 criteria. Participants with a Banff grade of borderline or greater than or equal to IA with or without clinical symptoms within 6 months of transplant were determined to have met the endpoint. Severity is graded as Borderline, IA, IB, IIA, IIB, or III, with borderline representing possible cellular rejection, IA being the mildest form of cellular rejection, and III being the most severe form of cellular rejection.Criteria include: Borderline-no intimal arteritis is present but foci of mild tubulitis; IA-significant interstitial infiltration and foci of moderate tubulitis; IB-significant interstitial infiltration and foci of severe tubulitis; IIA-mild to moderate intimal arteritis; IIB-severe intimal arteritis; III-transmural arteritis and/or arterial fibrinoid change and necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells with accompanying lymphocytic inflammation. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 6 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental8.5
Control6.1

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Percent of Participants With Biopsy Proven Acute Cellular Rejection (BPAR).

Acute cellular rejection was defined based on central lab pathology interpretation using the Banff 2007 criteria. Participants with a Banff grade of greater than or equal to IA with or without clinical symptoms within 24 months of transplant were determined to have met the endpoint. Severity is graded as IA, IB, IIA, IIB, or III, with IA being the mildest form of cellular rejection and III being the most severe form of cellular rejection. Criteria include: IA-significant interstitial infiltration and foci of moderate tubulitis; IB-significant interstitial infiltration and foci of severe tubulitis; IIA-mild to moderate intimal arteritis; IIB-severe intimal arteritis; III-transmural arteritis and/or arterial fibrinoid change and necrosis of medial smooth muscle cells with accompanying lymphocytic inflammation. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental5.1
Control4.2

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Percent of Participants With BK Viremia That Require a Change in Immunosuppression or Anti-viral Treatment as Per Standard of Care at the Site.

Participants were considered to have met this endpoint if they had a reported case of BK viremia that required a change in their existing immunosuppression or the use of anti-viral therapy. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

InterventionPercent of participants (Number)
Experimental28.9
Control13.4

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Percent of Participants With CMV Viremia That Require a Change in Immunosuppression or Anti-viral Treatment as Per Standard of Care at the Site

Participants were considered to have met this endpoint if they had a reported case of CMV viremia that required a change in their existing immunosuppression or the use of anti-viral therapy. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental18.4
Control11.6

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Percent of Participants With de Novo DSA.

Donor specific antibody (DSA) can be formed post-transplant as part of the recipient's alloimmune response to the transplanted organ. DSA was determined by a central laboratory. Participants with newly developed DSA (i.e., de novo) following transplant were considered to have met this endpoint. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental8.0
Control3.6

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Percent of Participants With Death or Graft Failure.

Participants who died or experienced graft failure were considered to have met this endpoint. Graft failure was defined as the need for post-transplant dialysis for more than 56 days. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental5.3
Control7.1

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Percent of Participants With Impaired Wound Healing Manifested by Wound Dehiscence, Wound Infection, or Hernia at the Site of the Transplant Incision

Participants were considered to have met this endpoint if they had a reported case of impaired wound healing at the site of the transplant incision manifested by one wound dehiscence, wound infection, or hernia. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

InterventionPercent of participants (Number)
Experimental7.9
Control11.6

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Percent of Participants With Locally Treated Rejection, Defined as Treatment Administered for Rejection Based on Clinical Signs or Biopsy Findings.

Biopsies were read by the local pathologist at the hospital where the participant was a patient. These local reads informed clinical care for the participant, which may or may not include prescribing/administering medication to the participant to help with clinical concerns or findings noted on a biopsy. Participants were considered to have met this endpoint if they have a report of receiving treatment for clinical or biopsy-proven rejection during the 24 month post-transplant follow-up. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental16.2
Control27

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Percent of Participants With Locally Treated Rejection, Defined as Treatment Administered for Rejection Based on Clinical Signs or Biopsy Findings.

Biopsies were read by the local pathologist at the hospital where the participant was a patient. These local reads informed clinical care for the participant, which may or may not include prescribing/administering medication to the participant to help with clinical concerns or findings noted on a biopsy. Participants were considered to have met this endpoint if they have a report of receiving treatment for clinical or biopsy-proven rejection during the first 6 months post-transplant. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 6 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental12.6
Control20.5

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Percent of Participants With Malignancy.

Participants were considered to have met this endpoint if they had a reported case of malignancy. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

InterventionPercent of Participants (Number)
Experimental1.8
Control0.9

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Percent of Participants With Mycobacterial or Fungal Infections

Participants were considered to have met this endpoint if they had at least one mycobacterial of fungal infection. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental6.1
Control6.3

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Percent of Participants With Only Graft Failure.

Participants who experienced graft failure were considered to have met this endpoint. Graft failure was defined as the need for post-transplant dialysis for more than 56 days. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental2.7
Control2.7

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Percent of Participants With Primary Non-Function (PNF), Defined as Dialysis-dependency for More Than 3 Months.

Post-transplant dialysis is sometimes required in the setting of kidney transplant. If such dialysis continues for more than 3 months, the participant is considered to have PNF and, as such, meets this endpoint definition. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: Transplantation through at least month 3 up to month 24

InterventionPercent of Participants (Number)
Experimental2.8
Control0.9

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The Difference Between the Mean eGFR (Modified MDRD) in the Experimental vs. Control Groups.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function and helps determine the stage of kidney disease. eGFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. A value of 90+ means kidney function is normal. A value between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease. Values between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function. Values between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function. Values below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure. eGFR values from months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 were used to generate an estimate of the month 24 eGFR for each treatment group. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24-Month post-transplantation

InterventionmL/min/1.73m2 (Mean)
Experimental52.45
Control57.35

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The Percent of Participants Who Need Dialysis After Week 1.

Participants who needed dialysis after the first week post-transplant were considered to have met this endpoint. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 1 week to 24 months post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental9.0
Control2.8

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The Percent of Participants Whose Day 2 Serum CRR Was Less Than 30%.

Serum creatinine (mg/dL) is used to measure kidney function. A normal result is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. Higher results indicate poorer kidney function, as creatinine is removed from the body by the kidneys. CRR was calculated as the day 1 post-transplant creatinine value minus the day 2 creatinine value divided by the day 1 creatinine value and multiplied by 100, resulting in a percentage. Higher numbers indicate a greater reduction in serum creatinine and, thus, potentially better kidney function. A participant was considered to have met this endpoint if their day 2 serum CRR was less than 30%. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: Day 2 post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental57.1
Control68.6

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The Percent of Participants Whose Day 5 Serum CRR Was Less Than 70%.

Serum creatinine (mg/dL) is used to measure kidney function. A normal result is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. Higher results indicate poorer kidney function, as creatinine is removed from the body by the kidneys. CRR was calculated as the day 1 post-transplant creatinine value minus the day 5 creatinine value divided by the day 1 creatinine value and multiplied by 100, resulting in a percentage. Higher numbers indicate a greater reduction in serum creatinine and, thus, potentially better kidney function. A participant was considered to have met this endpoint if their day 5 serum CRR was less than 70%. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: Day 5 post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental74.4
Control88.4

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The Percent of Participants With a Serum Creatinine of More Than 3 mg/dL.

Serum creatinine (mg/dL) is used to measure kidney function. A normal result is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. Higher results indicate poorer kidney function, as creatinine is removed from the body by the kidneys. This endpoint is ascertaining slow graft function in the immediate days post-transplant. A participant was considered to have met this endpoint if their day 5 serum creatinine was greater than 3 mg/dL. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: Day 5 post-transplantation

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Experimental47.4
Control42.9

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Change From Baseline (Immediately After Surgery) in Serum Creatinine.

Serum creatinine (mg/dL) is used to measure kidney function. A normal result is 0.7 to 1.3 mg/dL for men and 0.6 to 1.1 mg/dL for women. Higher results indicate poorer kidney function, as creatinine is removed from the body by the kidneys. eGFR values from 24, 48, and 72 hours post-transplant (i.e., days 1, 2, and 3) were used to generate an estimate of the serum creatinine at each time point of interest for each treatment group. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 24, 48 and 72 hours post-transplantation

,
Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
24 Hours48 Hours72 Hours
Control6.855.875.21
Experimental7.356.245.77

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eGFR Values as Measured by CKD-EPI

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function and helps determine the stage of kidney disease. eGFR was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI) equation. A value of 90+ means kidney function is normal. A value between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease. Values between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function. Values between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function. Values below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure. eGFR values from day 7 and months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 were used to generate an estimate of the eGFR at each time point of interest for each treatment group. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: Days 30, 90, and 180 post-transplantation

,
InterventionmL/min/1.73m2 (Mean)
Day 30Day 90Day 180
Control50.6351.4452.65
Experimental49.2949.8050.56

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eGFR Values as Measured by MDRD

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function and helps determine the stage of kidney disease. eGFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. A value of 90+ means kidney function is normal. A value between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease. Values between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function. Values between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function. Values below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure. eGFR values from day 7 and months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 were used to generate an estimate of the eGFR at each time point of interest for each treatment group. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: Days 30, 60, and 180 post-transplantation

,
InterventionmL/min/1.73m2 (Mean)
Day 30Day 90Day 180
Control48.2048.9950.16
Experimental46.6447.1447.89

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BANFF Grades of First AMR.

Antibody mediated rejection (AMR) was defined based on central lab pathology interpretation using the Banff 2013 criteria. Participants with a Banff finding of AMR within 6 months of transplant were determined to have met the endpoint. AMR is classified as acute/active, chronic/active, or C4d staining positive. Criteria include: acute/active-histologic evidence of acute tissue injury, evidence of current/recent antibody interaction with vascular endothelium, and serologic evidence of donor-specific antibodies (DSAs); chronic/active-morphologic evidence of chronic tissue injury, evidence of current/recent antibody interaction with vascular endothelium, and serologic evidence of DSAs; C4d staining positive-linear C4d staining in peritubular capillaries, glomerulitis=0, peritubular capillary=0, chronic glomerulopathy=0, no acute cell-mediated rejection or borderline changes. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 6 months post-transplantation

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Experimental0
Control0

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Change in eGFR Between 3 Months and 24 Months as Measured by CKD-EPI

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function and helps determine the stage of kidney disease. eGFR was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI) equation. A value of 90+ means kidney function is normal. A value between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease. Values between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function. Values between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function. Values below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure. The change in eGFR between months 3 and 24 was calculated as the month 24 eGFR minus the month 3 eGFR for each participant. A window of +/- 14 days was used for month 3 and +/- 1 month was used for month 24. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 3 months and 24 months post-transplantation

InterventionmL/min/1.73m2 (Mean)
Experimental2.7
Control4.4

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Change in eGFR Between 3 Months and 24 Months as Measured by MDRD

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function and helps determine the stage of kidney disease. eGFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. A value of 90+ means kidney function is normal. A value between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease. Values between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function. Values between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function. Values below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure. The change in eGFR between months 3 and 24 was calculated as the month 24 eGFR minus the month 3 eGFR for each participant. A window of +/- 14 days was used for month 3 and +/- 1 month was used for month 24. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 3 months and 24 months post-transplantation

InterventionmL/min/1.73m2 (Mean)
Experimental2.8
Control4.8

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Change in eGFR Between 6 Months and 24 Months as Measured by CKD-EPI

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function and helps determine the stage of kidney disease. eGFR was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation (CKD-EPI) equation. A value of 90+ means kidney function is normal. A value between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease. Values between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function. Values between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function. Values below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure. The change in eGFR between months 6 and 24 was calculated as the month 24 eGFR minus the month 6 eGFR for each participant. A window of +/- 21 days was used for month 6 and +/- 1 month was used for month 24. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 6 months and 24 months post-transplantation

InterventionmL/min/1.73m2 (Mean)
Experimental0.8
Control4.8

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Change in eGFR Between 6 Months and 24 Months as Measured by MDRD

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function and helps determine the stage of kidney disease. eGFR was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. A value of 90+ means kidney function is normal. A value between 60 and 89 indicates mildly reduced kidney function, pointing to kidney disease. Values between 30 and 59 indicates moderately reduced kidney function. Values between 15 and 29 indicate severely reduced kidney function. Values below 15 indicate very severe or endstage kidney failure. The change in eGFR between months 6 and 24 was calculated as the month 24 eGFR minus the month 6 eGFR for each participant. A window of +/- 21 days was used for month 6 and +/- 1 month was used for month 24. (NCT02495077)
Timeframe: 6 months and 24 months post-transplantation

InterventionmL/min/1.73m2 (Mean)
Experimental1.0
Control5.2

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Pharmacokinetics: Half-Life (t1/2) of the Analytes of ARC-520

Analytes include AD0009 and AD0010 (cholesterol-conjugated siRNA targeting HBV) and MLP. (NCT02535416)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose through 48 hours post-dose

,,,
Interventionhour (Mean)
Analyte AD0009Analyte AD0010Analyte MLP
ARC-520 Cohort 34.104.6810.41
ARC-520 Cohort 64.025.3110.44
ARC-520 Cohort 74.065.0711.94
ARC-520 Cohort 84.566.1712.24

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Pharmacokinetics: Clearance (CL) of the Analytes of ARC-520

Analytes include AD0009 and AD0010 (cholesterol-conjugated siRNA targeting HBV) and MLP. (NCT02535416)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose through 48 hours post-dose

,,,
InterventionmL/hr/kg (Mean)
Analyte AD0009Analyte AD0010Analyte MLP
ARC-520 Cohort 312.019.923.80
ARC-520 Cohort 612.049.613.85
ARC-520 Cohort 712.4011.133.73
ARC-520 Cohort 89.688.723.27

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Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve From Time 0 to the Last Quantifiable Plasma Concentration (AUClast) of the Analytes of ARC-520

Analytes include AD0009 and AD0010 (cholesterol-conjugated siRNA targeting HBV) and MLP. (NCT02535416)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose through 48 hours post-dose

,,,
Interventionng.hr/mL (Mean)
Analyte AD0009Analyte AD0010Analyte MLP
ARC-520 Cohort 33616114336321022752
ARC-520 Cohort 63404304229641021005
ARC-520 Cohort 74169054616011270330
ARC-520 Cohort 86382036985671722485

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Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Zero to 24 Hours (AUC0-24) of the Analytes of ARC-520

Analytes include AD0009 and AD0010 (cholesterol-conjugated siRNA targeting hepatitis B virus [HBV]) and melittin-like peptide (MLP). (NCT02535416)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose through 48 hours post-dose

,,,
Interventionng.hr/mL (Mean)
Analyte AD0009Analyte AD0010Analyte MLP
ARC-520 Cohort 3350027411580839718
ARC-520 Cohort 6331953393161832929
ARC-520 Cohort 74032474319801015503
ARC-520 Cohort 86056086307741364108

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Pharmacokinetics: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Zero Extrapolated to Infinity (AUCinf) of the Analytes of ARC-520

Analytes include AD0009 and AD0010 (cholesterol-conjugated siRNA targeting HBV) and MLP. (NCT02535416)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose through 48 hours post-dose

,,,
Interventionng.hr/mL (Mean)
Analyte AD0009Analyte AD0010Analyte MLP
ARC-520 Cohort 33618204343511068557
ARC-520 Cohort 63405914255981080995
ARC-520 Cohort 74171534628371368448
ARC-520 Cohort 86389657038861869597

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Pharmacokinetics: Apparent Volume of Distribution (V) of the Analytes of ARC-520

Analytes include AD0009 and AD0010 (cholesterol-conjugated siRNA targeting HBV) and MLP. (NCT02535416)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose through 48 hours post-dose

,,,
InterventionmL/kg (Mean)
Analyte AD0009Analyte AD0010Analyte MLP
ARC-520 Cohort 370.0265.9858.03
ARC-520 Cohort 669.3171.6255.77
ARC-520 Cohort 771.4979.6863.92
ARC-520 Cohort 862.7476.2156.49

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. TEAEs were defined as all AEs starting or worsening after commencement of treatment with investigational product. (NCT02535416)
Timeframe: post-dose through the end of study (Day 15 ± 1 day) plus 30 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
ARC-520 Cohort 12
ARC-520 Cohort 2A2
ARC-520 Cohort 21
ARC-520 Cohort 33
ARC-520 Cohort 43
ARC-520 Cohort 52
ARC-520 Cohort 65
ARC-520 Cohort 73
ARC-520 Cohort 82

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Pharmacokinetics: Terminal Elimination Rate Constant (Lambda z) of the Analytes of ARC-520

Analytes include AD0009 and AD0010 (cholesterol-conjugated siRNA targeting HBV) and MLP. (NCT02535416)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose through 48 hours post-dose

,,,
Intervention1/hr (Mean)
Analyte AD0009Analyte AD0010Analyte MLP
ARC-520 Cohort 30.1700.1500.068
ARC-520 Cohort 60.1700.1340.070
ARC-520 Cohort 70.1720.1400.057
ARC-520 Cohort 80.1550.1170.058

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Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of the Analytes of ARC-520

Analytes include AD0009 and AD0010 (cholesterol-conjugated siRNA targeting HBV) and MLP. (NCT02535416)
Timeframe: Day 1 pre-dose through 48 hours post-dose

,,,
Interventionng/mL (Mean)
Analyte AD0009Analyte AD0010Analyte MLP
ARC-520 Cohort 3541504965076600
ARC-520 Cohort 6488804622075500
ARC-520 Cohort 7563504923385467
ARC-520 Cohort 87301764033112050

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Mean Latency to Persistent Sleep

Per Protocol population based on subjects who completed treatment crossover (NCT02578186)
Timeframe: 4 weeks

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride19.1
Placebo27.1

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PONV Incidence: Number of Participants With Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

The occurrence of PONV, as defined by the administration of antiemetics in the PACU between admission to PACU and discharge from PACU. (NCT02625181)
Timeframe: PACU recovery period

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline Measurement139
CDS Email Recommendations1323
CDS Email + Real TIme Recommenations1343

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The Number of Prophylactic Interventions for PONV

the absolute number of prophylactic interventions applied between the admission of the patient in the holding room until admission to the PACU. (NCT02625181)
Timeframe: A specific time frame on the day of surgery: from the start of admission at the holding room to the end of the anesthetic case

Interventionprophylactic antiemetics administered (Mean)
Baseline Measurement2.196
CDS Email Recommendations2.176
CDS Email + Real TIme Recommenations2.129

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Time to Discharge From the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU)

This is the number of minutes from admission to the PACU until discharge, assessed up to 2 days (NCT02625181)
Timeframe: A specific time frame on the day of surgery: from the start of admission to the PACU to discharge from the PACU

Interventionminutes (Mean)
Baseline Measurement266
CDS Email Recommendations264
CDS Email + Real TIme Recommenations266

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Adherence to PONV Guidelines

PONV guideline adherence: percentage of patients who received the exact number of prophylactic interventions for PONV that were recommended by the decision support. (NCT02625181)
Timeframe: A specific time frame on the day of surgery: the start of admission at the holding room to the end of the anesthetic case

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline Measurement666
CDS Email Recommendations5260
CDS Email + Real TIme Recommenations5863

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Incidence of Subjects Significant QTc Changes in the EKG

The incidence of significant QTc prolongation was measured by comparing baseline EKG, 24 hours and 120 hours after surgery (NCT02635828)
Timeframe: 24 and 120 hours/discharge after end of surgery

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Triple Therapy PONV Prohylaxis0

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PONV Incidence

The incidence of PONV (NCT02635828)
Timeframe: 24 hours after end of surgery

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Triple Therapy PONV Prohylaxis12

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Number of Participants With Suicidal Ideation

Item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) scale assesses suicidal ideation. It is scored from 0 to 3, with a score of 1 or greater indicating a patient has suicidal ideation. Participants with a PHQ-9 item 9 score of greater than or equal to 1 are reported for this outcome. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline3 Month6 Month12 Month
Intervention67696351
Usual Care909910692

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Number of Participants Endorsing a Single Item That Assesses Stimulant Use

Single items that assess non-prescribed stimulant use. Single item self-report dichotomized as none versus at least monthly use. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline3 Month6 Month12 Month
Intervention58978
Usual Care77172216

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Number of Participants Endorsing a Single Item That Assesses Opioid Use

Single items that assess non-prescribed opioid use. Single item self-report dichotomized as none versus at least monthly use. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline3 Month6 Month12 Month
Intervention18446
Usual Care4415206

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Number of Participants Endorsing a Single Item That Assesses Marijuana Use

Single items that assess marijuana use. Single item self-report dichotomized as none versus at least monthly use. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Baseline3 Month6 Month12 Month
Intervention125606051
Usual Care177728279

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Brief Pain Inventory

A brief measure scored on a 0 to 10 scale to assess a patient's pain, with a higher score indicating more severe pain; a score of 0 indicates no pain and a score of 10 indicates very severe pain. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline3 Month6 Month12 Month
Intervention6.84.34.13.9
Usual Care6.74.74.53.8

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Cognitive Impairment Scale

The investigators will use the National Study on the Costs and Outcomes of Trauma (NSCOT) Cognitive Screen, a 4 - Item Traumatic Brain Injury / Post-concussive Symptom Screen. The scoring of the scale ranges from a minimum of 4 to a maximum of 20, with lower scores indicating a worse outcome. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline3 Month6 Month12 Month
Intervention13.513.313.213.8
Usual Care13.413.213.414.2

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SF-36 Quality of Life

The SF-36 assess quality of life domains that span emotional health, overall health status, and role function; a score of 100 indicates perfect health and a score of 0 indicates extremely poor health. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline3 Month6 Month12 Month
Intervention44.338.338.439.2
Usual Care45.139.139.541.4

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TSOS Patient Satisfaction: Overall Health Care

Satisfaction with health care was rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 indicating very dissatisfied and 5 indicating very satisfied. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline3 Month6 Month12 Month
Intervention4.43.94.03.9
Usual Care4.43.83.83.8

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TSOS Patient Satisfaction: Mental Health Care

Satisfaction with mental health care was rated on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 indicating very dissatisfied and 5 indicating very satisfied. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 Month, 6 Month, 12 Month

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline3 Month6 Month12 Month
Intervention4.13.63.63.7
Usual Care4.03.53.43.5

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Change From Baseline PTSD Checklist- Civilian (PCL-C) Over the Course of the Year After Injury

The investigators will use the PTSD Checklist - Civilian (PCL-C). The scoring of the scale ranges from a minimum of 17 to a maximum of 85, with higher scores indicating a worse outcome. The measure can also provide a rating of symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Change from Baseline at 3 MonthsChange from Baseline at 6 MonthsChange from Baseline at 12 Months
Intervention-1.65-4.02-5.51
Usual Care0.08-1.44-4.25

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Change From Baseline Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Over the Course of the Year After Injury

The investigators will use the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as a continuous measure. The 10-item scale score ranges from 0-40, with higher values indicating a worse outcome. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Change from Baseline at 3 MonthsChange from Baseline at 6 MonthsChange from Baseline at 12 Months
Intervention-2.04-1.69-1.81
Usual Care-1.90-1.63-1.45

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Change From Baseline Patient Health Questionnaire 9 Item Depression Scale Over the Course of the Year After Injury

The investigators will use the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item Depression Scale (PHQ-9). The scoring of the scale ranges from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 27, with higher scores indicating a worse outcome. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Change from Baseline at 3 MonthsChange from Baseline at 6 MonthsChange from Baseline at 12 Months
Intervention-0.79-1.17-1.84
Usual Care-0.50-0.90-2.16

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Change From Baseline Short Form (SF)-12/36 Physical Function Over the Course of the Year After Injury

The investigators used the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form healthy survey (MOS SF-12/36) physical components summary to assess physical function. The minimum and maximum scores are 0-100 with higher scores representing a better outcome. (NCT02655354)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3-month, 6-month, 12-month

,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Change from Baseline at 3 MonthsChange from Baseline at 6 MonthsChange from Baseline at 12 Months
Intervention-16.78-14.17-13.23
Usual Care-15.90-13.83-11.68

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The Number of Patients Experiencing Restlessness

Yes/No (NCT02657031)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Control Arm3
Study Arm3

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Nausea

Reduction in 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score. The maximum possible change in VAS score is 100 mm, representing the complete relief of maximum nausea. A change of 0 mm corresponds to no change in nausea level, and a negative value indicates worsening of the nausea after the medication. (NCT02657031)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes

Interventionmm (Mean)
Control Arm38.9
Study Arm22.9

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Headache Following Intervention

Reduction in 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score. Positive values represent a reduction in headache severity. The maximum possible change in VAS score is 100 mm, representing the complete relief of a maximally severe headache. A change of 0 mm corresponds to no change in headache severity, and a negative value indicates worsening of the headache after the medication. (NCT02657031)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes

Interventionmm (Mean)
Control Arm63.5
Study Arm43.5

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Anxiety

Reduction in 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score. The maximum possible change in VAS score is 100 mm, representing the complete relief of maximum anxiety. A change of 0 mm corresponds to no change in anxiety level, and a negative value indicates worsening of the anxiety after the medication. (NCT02657031)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes

Interventionmm (Mean)
Control Arm33.7
Study Arm21.2

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The Number of Participants Experiencing Vomiting

Yes/No (NCT02657031)
Timeframe: 0-60 minutes

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Control Arm2
Study Arm3

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Safety and Tolerability of the Treatment Regimen Based on Medication Side Effects and/or Adverse Events (AEs).

Number of Medication Side Effects and/or Adverse Events (AEs) (NCT02765256)
Timeframe: 105 days

InterventionEvents (Number)
Fluconazole31
Placebo12

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The Change in High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP)

A secondary outcome measure will be the change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein between the enrollment visit and day 15. The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein is a blood test which measures systemic inflammation. (NCT02765256)
Timeframe: enrollment visit (baseline) and 15 days

Interventionmg/dL (Median)
Fluconazole4.1
Placebo-2

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Change in Disease Activity by Harvey Bradshaw Index

"The primary endpoint will be the change in disease activity, as measured by Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI) score, between the enrollment visit and Day 15. All participants who withdraw for any reason prior to day 15 will be considered treatment failures. The HBI is a clinical score where points are given for each category below plus number of liquid bowel movements in previous day. A score of 3 or lower is considered remission. A score of 8 or higher is considered severe disease.~General Well Being Very well 0 points Slightly below par 1 point Poor 2 points Very poor 3 points Terrible 4 points~Abdominal Pain None 0 points Mild 1 point Moderate 2 points Severe 3 points~Abdominal Mass None 0 points Dubious 1 point Definite 2 points Definite and tender 3 points~Complications None 0 points Arthralgias +1 point Uveitis +1 point Erythema Nodosum + 1 point Aphthous ulcers +1 point Pyoderma Gangrenosum + 1 point Anal fissure + 1 point New fistula + 1" (NCT02765256)
Timeframe: enrollment visit (baseline) and 15 days

Interventionscore on a scale (Median)
Fluconazole-5
Placebo-3

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Change in Disease Activity by Fecal Calprotectin (FCP)

The second primary outcome measure will be the change in disease activity, as measured by fecal calprotectin, between the enrollment visit and day 15. The fecal calprotectin is a stool test which measures intestinal inflammation. (NCT02765256)
Timeframe: enrollment visit (baseline) and 15 days

Interventionmcg/g (Median)
Fluconazole-16.5
Placebo-380.5

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Patient Sedation Scores

"Patient Sedation Score at 2 hours~Ask the patient How drowsy do you feel at the moment? 0 = None (Not drowsy at all)~= Mild (Slightly drowsy)~= Moderate (Quite drowsy)~= Severe (Extremely drowsy)" (NCT02935699)
Timeframe: 2 hours

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Test Drug0.46
Control0.88

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Number of Patients Who Needed to Return to Treatment Center

Number of patients who needed to return to treatment center approximately 24 hours after discharge (NCT02935699)
Timeframe: up to 24 hrs

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Test Drug7
Control19

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Change of Patient Rated Pruritus Score

"Change from baseline to 2 hours in patient-rated pruritus Severity score (values at 2 hours minus Baseline)~Patient Pruritus Severity Score Ask the patient How severely are your hives itching at the moment? 0 = none~= mild (minimal awareness, easily tolerated)~= moderate (definite awareness, quite bothersome)~= severe (difficult to tolerate)" (NCT02935699)
Timeframe: 2 hr

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Test Drug-1.61
Control-1.50

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Time to Discharge

Time spent (hours) at the treatment center (NCT02935699)
Timeframe: up to 24 hours

Interventionhours (Mean)
Test Drug1.71
Control2.07

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Change in Pain Score According to the Numeric Pain Intensity Scale

Numeric Pain Intensity scale is a standard rating tool for pain, ranging from 0-10, with 0=no pain and 10=worst pain imaginable. (NCT02972502)
Timeframe: Change from baseline (prior to treatment) to 1 hour post treatment (1 hour)

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Metoclopramide (Reglan)-2.86
Haloperidol (Haldol)-5.13

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Percentage of Participants With Objective Response

Objective response was defined as percentage of participants with complete response (CR) or with complete response with incomplete peripheral recovery (CRi) as per National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. CR was defined as no circulating blasts or extramedullary disease, no lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, skin/gum infiltration/testicular mass/central nervous system involvement, trilineage hematopoiesis and less than 5 percentage blasts, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than 1000 per micro liter, platelets less than 100 000 per micro liter, no recurrence for 4 weeks. CRi meet all criteria for complete response except platelet count and/or ANC. (NCT02999633)
Timeframe: Baseline until disease progression or death (maximum duration: 12.1 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Isatuximab0

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Post Concussion Symptoms Assessed by Post-concussive Symptom Scale

The post-concussive symptom scale is a questionnaire administered verbally. The post-concussive symptom ranges from 0 to 132. 0= no post-concussive symptoms. 132= severe post-concussive symptoms. (NCT03056352)
Timeframe: 7 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Metoclopramide11.4

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Number of Participants With Sustained Headache Relief

"Sustained headache relief is defined as achieving a headache level of mild or none within two hours and maintaining a level of mild or none for 48 hours. Patient self-evaluated pain level is solicited every half hour for two hours in the Emergency Department and then by telephone 48 hours after medication administration." (NCT03056352)
Timeframe: 2 hours thru 48 hours after treatment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Metoclopramide12

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Number of Participants Satisfied With Medication; Assessed by Self-evaluation

"Satisfaction is measured by a positive response to the question Would you want to receive the same medication during a subsequent visit for post-traumatic headache?" (NCT03056352)
Timeframe: 48 hours after treatment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Metoclopramide16

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0-10 Pain Scale on Which 0 = no Pain and 10= the Worst Pain Imaginable

Improvement in this 0 to 10 verbal rating scale (NCT03220958)
Timeframe: 1 hour after medication administration

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Metoclopramide5.2
Placebo3.8

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Headache Days

"Number of days with any headache. Participants report the actual number of days they experienced headache. A day begins when they awake for the beginning of daily activities and ends when they go to sleep after completion of daily activities" (NCT03220958)
Timeframe: 7 days after ED visit

Interventiondays (Mean)
Metoclopramide3.3
Placebo3.3

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Sustained Headache Relief

Achieving a headache intensity of mild or none in the ED without use of rescue medication and maintaining a level of mild or none. Participants rate their headache as none, mild, moderate, or severe (NCT03220958)
Timeframe: 48 hours after medication administration

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Metoclopramide24
Placebo18

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Change in Programmed Death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) Levels Between Responders and Non-Responders

PD-L1 levels will be obtained at baseline and after treatment with both agents. The change in levels will be determined between the two measurements, and these changes will be compared between responders and non-responders. Although it is expected to have low power, in each case the comparisons between the two response categories will be made using a Wilcoxon rank sum test, with the resulting p-value intended to help describe the differences noted. (NCT03258593)
Timeframe: Baseline and after treatment with both agents, from enrollment up to 5 weeks

,,
Interventionpg/mL (Median)
Responders PDL1 levels after treatment (vs baselineNon-responders PDL1 levels after treatment (vs baseline)
Expansion Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg342.5228.4
Run-In Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg573.4505.9
Total Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg533.8489.7

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Changes in the Immune Parameters Obtained From Blood Samples

All evaluable participants will have determinations of many immune parameters at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. The changes in the parameters obtained from blood samples will be determined at baseline vs. 3 months, and baseline vs. 6 months. Comparisons of the paired values will be performed using a Wilcoxon signed rank test, and a Hochberg adjustment may be used. (NCT03258593)
Timeframe: baseline, 3 weeks, and 5 weeks

,,
Interventionpg/mL (Median)
3 weeks Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) vs Baseline5 weeks Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) vs Baseline3 weeks Interleukin 6 (IL-6) vs Baseline5 weeks Interleukin 6 (IL-6) vs Baseline3 weeks Interleukin 8 (IL-8) vs Baseline5 weeks Interleukin 8 (IL-8) vs Baseline3 weeks Interleukin 10 (IL-10) vs Baseline5 weeks Interleukin 10 (IL-10) vs Baseline3 weeks Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) vs Baseline5 weeks Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) vs Baseline
Expansion Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg0.6401.7500.1800.2200.880-0.1600.070.1200.2600.270
Run-In Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg4.3403.2900.3950.5400.730-0.3950.1200.1050.4000.240
Total Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg3.8503.1200.2800.4000.860-0.1800.1200.1200.3500.270

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Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT)

A DLT will be defined as any Grade 3 or higher toxicity that occurs during the initial 6-week period the subject is on treatment (i.e., the DLT evaluation period). Grade 3 is severe, grade 4 is life-threatening and grade 5 is death related to adverse event. (NCT03258593)
Timeframe: 6 weeks

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Grade 3Grade 4Grade 5
Expansion Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg000
Run-In Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg33.300

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Number of Grades 1-5 Adverse Events

Adverse events were assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life-threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned. Grade 1 is mild, grade 2 is moderate, grade 3 is severe, grade 4 is life-threatening, and grade 5 is death related to adverse event. (NCT03258593)
Timeframe: Through study completion, an average of 315 days

,,
Interventionadverse events (Number)
Grade 1Grade 2Grade 3Grade 4Grade 5
Expansion Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg33000
Run-In Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg129400
Total Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg1512400

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Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Urine Maximum Concentration (Cmax) of Vicineum

Evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of Vicineum obtained by urine samples. Urinary Vicineum (in ng/mL). (NCT03258593)
Timeframe: Baseline, week 1, week 6, week 12

,,
Interventionng/mL (Median)
BaselineWeek 1, Day 1Week 1Week 6Week 12
Expansion Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg1.5305.41.51.57.5
Run-In Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg2.54320.02.63.23.5
Total Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg3.23738.74.74.34.8

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Response Rate

The response to treatment will be determined for evaluable participants who receive treatment and was measured as follows: Recurrence is suspected and/or determined by urine cytology and/or cystoscopic exam and then confirmed pathologically after a transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Complete response rate for carcinoma in situ (CIS) is defined as the absence of CIS upon follow-up biopsies. Disease progression is defined as upstaging from a lower stage to a higher stage (e.g., Ta to T1-T4 or T1 to T2-4; CIS to T1 or CIS to T2-T4; or any N+ or M+ in these high-grade tumors). (NCT03258593)
Timeframe: From enrollment until event occurrence (recurrence, progression); twelve weeks.

,,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Complete responseRecurrenceDisease progression
Expansion Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg66.633.333.3
Run-In Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg41.658.325
Total Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg46.653.326.6

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Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Durvalumab

The MTD will be identified based on being the dose level at which 0 or 1 participants in 6 has a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). A DLT will be defined as any Grade 3 or higher toxicity that occurs during the initial 6-week period the subject is on treatment (i.e., the DLT evaluation period). Grade 3 is severe, grade 4 is life-threatening and grade 5 is death related to adverse event. (NCT03258593)
Timeframe: 6 weeks

InterventionMg (Number)
All Participants1500

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Disease Free Survival (DFS)

A DFS curve will be created using the Kaplan-Meier method based on all participants considered to be evaluable based on having received protocol treatment. DFS survival is defined as the time from the start of treatment until disease recurrence or death. Recurrence is suspected and/or determined by urine cytology and/or cystoscopic exam and then confirmed pathologically after a bladder biopsy or transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). (NCT03258593)
Timeframe: Assessed from start of therapy to disease recurrence or last follow up; up to 1 year.

InterventionWeeks (Median)
Run-In Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg12.8
Expansion Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg50.1
Total Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg13.2

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Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of Vicineum

The MTD will be identified based on being the dose level at which 0 or 1 participants in 6 has a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). A DLT will be defined as any Grade 3 or higher toxicity that occurs during the initial 6-week period the subject is on treatment (i.e., the DLT evaluation period). Grade 3 is severe, grade 4 is life-threatening and grade 5 is death related to adverse event. (NCT03258593)
Timeframe: 6 weeks

InterventionMg (Number)
All Participants30

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Number of Participants With Serious and/or Non-serious Adverse Events Assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0)

Here is the number of participants with serious and/or non-serious adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life-threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned. (NCT03258593)
Timeframe: Through study completion, an average of 315 days.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Run-In Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg12
Expansion Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg3

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Change in Programmed Death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) Levels Between Participants Who Respond and Have Stable Disease (SD), and Those With Progressive Disease (PD)

PD-L1 levels will be obtained at baseline and after treatment with both agents. The change will be compared between those who respond or have stable disease (SD (clinical benefit=Complete Response (CR)+Partial Response (PR)+SD) and those with progressive disease (PD). Although it is expected to have low power, in each case the comparisons between the two response categories will be made using a Wilcoxon rank sum test, with the resulting p-value intended to help describe the differences noted. (NCT03258593)
Timeframe: Baseline and after treatment, from enrollment up to 5 weeks

,,
Interventionpg/mL (Median)
PDL1 level changes in participants with SD (treatment vs baseline)PDL1 level changes in participants with PD (treatment vs baseline
Expansion Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg342.5228.4
Run-In Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg533.8516
Total Cohort - Durvalumab 1500mg Intravenous (IV) Every 4 Weeks (Q4WK) + Vicineum 30 mg505.9494.8

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Attention

Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) - The outcome is payment for the task which was a predetermined linear combination of the inverse reaction time, the number of false positives (response when they participant should not have responded), and the number of lapses (reaction time >500ms). Specifically, the payment was determined by the formula: (inverse reaction time - 3.5)/0.42 - (0.5*(number of false positives-4.7)/6.14) - (0.5*(number of lapses-1.3)/2.58) + 15. Higher payments indicate better performance. Although the theoretical minimum possible score is negative infinity, in practice, the minimum possible payment was censored at zero. The maximum theoretical payment is undefined. The payment reflects overall performance. The outcome measure is the average of the measures collected for each individual after the baseline period (starting on day 9). (NCT03322358)
Timeframe: From date of entering the study through completion of the study after 28 business days, attention is measured once every two business days (which of the two is randomly assigned).

InterventionIndian Rupees (Mean)
Control13.001
Naps Only13.338
Home Sleep Aids Only13.024
Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives13.005
Naps + Home Sleep Aids13.174
Naps + Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives13.150

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Inhibitory Control

Hearts and flowers test -- The outcome used is the payment for the task which is a linear combination of the participant's accuracy (percent correct) and reaction time (measured in milliseconds). Specifically, the payment for this task is determined by the formula: 1.5 * ((percent correct - 0.84) / 0.2 - (reaction time - 526.5) / 95.2) + 15. The outcome measure is the average of the measures collected for each individual after the baseline period (starting on day 9). (NCT03322358)
Timeframe: From date of entering the study through completion of the study after 28 business days, the inhibitory control is measured once every two business days (which of the two is randomly assigned).

InterventionIndian Rupees (Mean)
Control14.982
Naps Only14.957
Home Sleep Aids Only15.078
Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives14.982
Naps + Home Sleep Aids15.039
Naps + Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives15.103

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Depression

"The investigators measure depression using a scale defined by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), which is a self-administered version of the PRIME-MD diagnostic instrument for common mental disorders. Each criteria is scored from 0 (not at all, a better outcome) to 3 (nearly every day, a worse outcome). Scores on each question are summed, defining depression severity. The outcome measure was the total summed score captured at endline (day 28). The outcome is thus measured on a scale from 0 to 27, where 0 represents the best outcome and 27 represents the worst outcome." (NCT03322358)
Timeframe: Depression is measured once in the baseline on the first day of the study and a second time in the endline, which takes place on the last day of the study, 28 business days after the first day in the study for the participant.

InterventionScore on 0-27 scale (Mean)
Control5.208
Naps Only4.676
Home Sleep Aids Only5.851
Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives5.095
Naps + Home Sleep Aids5.608
Naps + Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives5.147

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Blood Pressure

Systolic, Diastolic. The outcome measurements reported here are those captured after the baseline period (starting on day 9). Each measure is first winsorized at the 5% level and standardized using control group data, to mean 0 and standard deviation 1. The measure is then multiplied by -1 such that higher values represent improvements in health. In order to analyze these outcomes jointly, this measure is next averaged to obtain an overall measure and standardized again. The mean is taken across all participant observations within a group regardless of the time after the baseline period. There are no clinically relevant values and the measure has no max and min. (NCT03322358)
Timeframe: From date of entering the study through completion of the study after 28 business days, blood pressure is measured once every block of three business days. The date of measurement is randomized within each block between the first, second, and third day.

InterventionBlood pressure index (Mean)
Control0.000
Naps Only0.135
Home Sleep Aids Only0.110
Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives0.071
Naps + Home Sleep Aids0.027
Naps + Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives0.178

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Activities of Daily Living

"The investigators use survey questions taken from the commonly used SF-36 Health survey asking participants how much their health has limited them in a certain number of activities. The possible answers range from they did not limit you at all (0, the best outcome) to limited you a lot (3, the worst outcome). The final scale, which is the sum of the answers, goes from 0 for people who are not limited at all in their daily life by their health to 36 for people who are substantially limited in their daily life by their health. The outcome measure is the 0-36 scale captured at endline (day 28)." (NCT03322358)
Timeframe: Activities of daily living are measured once in the baseline on the first day of the study and a second time in the endline, which takes place on the last day of the study, 28 business days after the first day in the study for the participant.

InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Control8.961
Naps Only7.52
Home Sleep Aids Only7.8
Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives7.486
Naps + Home Sleep Aids7.36
Naps + Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives7.553

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Memory

Corsi block span - The investigators' measure of memory is the longest correct sequence of blocks lighting in a random order that a participant can reproduce. The range is from a minimum of 0 (worst performance) to a maximum of 9 (best performance). The outcome reported for this task is the participant's payment from the task, which is computed based on their longest span as well as baseline data: 2.29*(maximum span - 5.3) / 1.17 + 13. The outcome measure is the average of the measures collected for each individual after the baseline period (starting on day 9). (NCT03322358)
Timeframe: From date of entering the study through completion of the study after 28 business days, memory is measured once every two business days (which of the two is randomly assigned).

InterventionIndian Rupees (Mean)
Control14.643
Naps Only14.834
Home Sleep Aids Only14.931
Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives14.483
Naps + Home Sleep Aids14.609
Naps + Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives14.645

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Number of Days of Illness in Past Week

Illness is measured as the number of days of illness (e.g. cough, fever) in the past week. The outcome measure is the number of days of illness in the past week self-reported at endline (day 28). (NCT03322358)
Timeframe: Illness is measured once in the baseline on the first day of the study and a second time in the endline, which takes place on the last day of the study, 28 business days after the first day in the study for the participant.

InterventionDays of illness in the past week (Mean)
Control2.08
Naps Only1.732
Home Sleep Aids Only1.973
Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives2.041
Naps + Home Sleep Aids2.351
Naps + Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives1.853

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Physical Fitness

The outcome measure is the number of kilometers participants can cover on a stationary exercise cycle over a period of 30 minutes, as reported on the display of the exercise cycle.The cycle was set to the same level of resistance for all participants. (NCT03322358)
Timeframe: Physical fitness is measured only once in the endline, which takes place on the last day of the study, 28 business days after the first day in the study for the participant.

Interventionkm (Mean)
Control3.717
Naps Only3.857
Home Sleep Aids Only3.941
Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives3.934
Naps + Home Sleep Aids3.697
Naps + Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives3.571

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Self-reported Pain

The investigators use a simple scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (the worst pain imaginable) for the participant to rate their pain intensity. The outcome measure was the self-reported pain intensity captured at endline (day 28). (NCT03322358)
Timeframe: Pain is measured once in the baseline on the first day of the study and a second time in the endline, which takes place on the last day of the study, 28 days after the first day in the study for the participant.

InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Control2.740
Naps Only3.070
Home Sleep Aids Only2.095
Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives2.838
Naps + Home Sleep Aids2.608
Naps + Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives2.800

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Sleep Per 24 Hours

Sleep is measured via actigraph. 24 hour sleep is the sum of night sleep and nap sleep. (NCT03322358)
Timeframe: Actigraphs are worn consistently throughout the study. The sleep per 24 hour period outcome is then measured every day through study completion, which is 28 business days (as well as intervening holidays and Sundays) for each participant.

InterventionHours of sleep/24 hours (Mean)
Control5.61
Naps Only5.81
Home Sleep Aids Only5.99
Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives6.23
Naps + Home Sleep Aids6.08
Naps + Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives6.35

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Subjective Well-being

The measure of the outcome is based on two survey questions taken from Gallup Survey. In the first question, participants are asked to state a number from 0 to 10, with 0 being a feeling that the participant has the worst possible life while 10 is a feeling that the participant has the best possible life. In the second question, participants are asked to state a number from 0 to 10, with 0 being a feeling that the participant is dissatisfied with life as a whole and 10 being a feeling that the participant is satisfied with life as a whole. The final scale, generated by summing the individual items, is then from 0 for highly dissatisfied people to 20 for highly satisfied people. The outcome measure is the 0-20 scale captured at endline (day 28). (NCT03322358)
Timeframe: Subjective well-being is measured once in the baseline on the first day of the study and a second time in the endline, which takes place on the last day of the study, 28 business days after the first day in the study for the participant.

InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Control11.554
Naps Only12.521
Home Sleep Aids Only11.906
Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives11.919
Naps + Home Sleep Aids12.757
Naps + Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives12.199

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Happiness

"The investigators use a question adapted from a Gallup poll and from the SF-36 survey by RAND that ask participants to rate their happiness on the present day from Not at all happy (0, the worst outcome) to very happy (4, the best outcome). The outcome measure is the average of the measures collected for each individual after the baseline period (starting on day 9)" (NCT03322358)
Timeframe: Happiness is measured in the baseline on the first day of the study, randomly once every block of three business days during the study, and a last time in the endline, on the last day of the study, 28 business days after the participant's first day.

InterventionScore on a scale (Mean)
Control2.455
Naps Only2.517
Home Sleep Aids Only2.421
Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives2.440
Naps + Home Sleep Aids2.580
Naps + Home Sleep Aids + Sleep Incentives2.502

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Total Perioperative Morphine Equivalents

All administered opioids measured as morphine equivalents (mg/kg) (NCT03435692)
Timeframe: Post-Operative Days 0-2

Interventionmg/kg (Mean)
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (< 6 Years Old)0.54
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (< 6 Years Old)0.7
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (6 Years and Older)0.85
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (6 Years and Older)0.83
Patient Controlled Analgesia (6 Years and Older)2.23

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Nausea

% of patients with nausea (NCT03435692)
Timeframe: Post-Operative Days 0-2

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (< 6 Years Old)40
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (< 6 Years Old)33.3
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (6 Years and Older)71.4
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (6 Years and Older)55.6
Patient Controlled Analgesia (6 Years and Older)71.4

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Muscle Spasm

% of patients w/ muscle spasm (NCT03435692)
Timeframe: Post-Operative days 0-2

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (< 6 Years Old)80
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (< 6 Years Old)55.6
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (6 Years and Older)100
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (6 Years and Older)44.4
Patient Controlled Analgesia (6 Years and Older)71.4

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Maximum Pain Score

"Mean of Maximum Pain Score POD 0-2~Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Pain Scale (FLACC) for children 1-3 years of age, Faces Pain Scale - Revised (FPS-R) for children over age 3 and the Numeric scale (0-10) for children over age 7.~minimum value = 0, maximum value 10 (higher score is worse)" (NCT03435692)
Timeframe: Post-Operative Days 0-2

Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (< 6 Years Old)5.5
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (< 6 Years Old)4.3
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (6 Years and Older)6.4
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (6 Years and Older)5.5
Patient Controlled Analgesia (6 Years and Older)6.5

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Itching

% of patients with itching (NCT03435692)
Timeframe: Post-Operative Days 0-2

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (< 6 Years Old)40
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (< 6 Years Old)33.3
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (6 Years and Older)28.6
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (6 Years and Older)22.2
Patient Controlled Analgesia (6 Years and Older)42.9

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Hospital Length of Stay

Total hospital length of stay (NCT03435692)
Timeframe: Through hospital stay, an average of 2-3 days.

Interventiondays (Mean)
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (< 6 Years Old)1.9
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (< 6 Years Old)2
Lumbar Epidural Catheter (6 Years and Older)2.9
Lumbar Plexus Catheter (6 Years and Older)2.5
Patient Controlled Analgesia (6 Years and Older)3.2

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Simulated Driving Performance in Healthy Participants as Measured by Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) Using the Cognitive Research Corporation Driving Simulator-MiniSim (CRCDS-MiniSim)

"The standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) is the primary parameter used as stable measure of driving performance with high test-retest reliability. It measures the driver's ability to stay in a constant position within the driving lane.~LS Means were analyzed using a mixed repeated measures model with fixed effects for sequence, period, and treatment, with repeated observations for subjects for each of the driving time points." (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: 24 hours post dose in each dose period

Interventioncentimeters (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo32.04
100 mg Lasmiditan31.07
200 mg Lasmiditan31.00
50 mg Diphenhydramine36.10

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Number of Correct Responses in Driving Performance Using CogScreen Symbol Digit Coding (SDC) Test

The SDC Test, a digit symbol substitution test that is sensitive to changes in information processing speed, provides measures of response speed and accuracy. The test was administered prior to the simulated driving sessions. The principal test score measures the number of correct responses in 120 seconds. SDC was used in this study to measure attention, visual scanning, working memory, and speed of information processing. A measure of recall accuracy A higher score indicates greater processing speed (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: 8 hours postdose in each dose period

InterventionCorrect responses (Mean)
Placebo69.48
100 mg Lasmiditan69.76
200 mg Lasmiditan68.88
50 mg Diphenhydramine69.01

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Simulated Driving Performance in Healthy Participants as Measured by Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) Using the Cognitive Research Corporation Driving Simulator-MiniSim (CRCDS-MiniSim)

"The standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) is the primary parameter used as stable measure of driving performance with high test-retest reliability. It measures the driver's ability to stay in a constant position within the driving lane.~LS Means were analyzed using a mixed repeated measures model with fixed effects for sequence, period, and treatment, with repeated observations for subjects for each of the driving time points." (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: 8 hours postdose in each dosing period

Interventioncentimeters (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo29.85
100 mg Lasmiditan30.83
200 mg Lasmiditan31.61
50 mg Diphenhydramine34.83

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Number of Correct Responses in Driving Performance Using CogScreen Symbol Digit Coding (SDC) Test

The SDC Test, a digit symbol substitution test that is sensitive to changes in information processing speed, provides measures of response speed and accuracy. The test was administered prior to the simulated driving sessions. The principal test score measures the number of correct responses in 120 seconds. SDC was used in this study to measure attention, visual scanning, working memory, and speed of information processing. Scores range from 0 (No correct responses). A higher score indicates greater processing speed. (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: 12 hours postdose in each dose period

InterventionCorrect responses (Mean)
Placebo71.33
100 mg Lasmiditan70.91
200 mg Lasmiditan72.16
50 mg Diphenhydramine68.21

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Number of Correct Responses in Driving Performance Using CogScreen Symbol Digit Coding (SDC) Test

The SDC Test, a digit symbol substitution test that is sensitive to changes in information processing speed, provides measures of response speed and accuracy. The test was administered prior to the simulated driving sessions. The principal test score measures the number of correct responses in 120 seconds. SDC was used in this study to measure attention, visual scanning, working memory, and speed of information processing. Scores range from 0 (No correct responses). A higher score indicates greater processing speed. (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: 24 hours postdose in each dose period

InterventionCorrect responses (Mean)
Placebo70.78
100 mg Lasmiditan70.53
200 mg Lasmiditan70.66
50 mg Diphenhydramine68.31

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Pharmacokinetics (PK): Maximum Observed Drug Concentration (Cmax) of Lasmiditan

PK: Cmax of Lasmiditan (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: Day 1: Predose, 0.5 hour (hr), 1hr, 1.5hr, 2hr, 3hr, 4hr, 6hr, 8hr, 10 hr, 12hr, 24hr, 36hr, 48hr postdose

Interventionnanograms per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
100 mg Lasmiditan183
200 mg Lasmiditan366

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PK: Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve (AUC) of Lasmiditan to the Last Timepoint (0-tlast)

PK: AUC of Lasmiditan until the last time a concentration is detected. (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: Day 1: Predose, 0.5 hour (hr), 1hr, 1.5hr, 2hr, 3hr, 4hr, 6hr, 8hr, 10 hr, 12hr, 24hr, 36hr, 48hr postdose

Interventionng*hour per milliliter (Geometric Mean)
100 mg Lasmiditan1060
200 mg Lasmiditan2230

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Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Score

The KSS is used to assess subjective level of sleepiness. This is a participant self-report measure of situational sleepiness and provides an assessment of alertness/sleepiness at a particular point in time. It is a 9-point categorical Likert scale on which the participant rates sleepiness from 1 (very alert) to 9 (very sleepy/fighting sleep), with higher scores indicating more sleepiness and lower scores indicating more alertness. (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: 8 hours postdose in each dose period

InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
Placebo3.19
100 mg Lasmiditan3.46
200 mg Lasmiditan3.90
50 mg Diphenhydramine3.93

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Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Score

The KSS is used to assess subjective level of sleepiness. This is a participant self-report measure of situational sleepiness and provides an assessment of alertness/sleepiness at a particular point in time. It is a 9-point categorical Likert scale on which the participant rates sleepiness from 1 (very alert) to 9 (very sleepy/fighting sleep), with higher scores indicating more sleepiness and lower scores indicating more alertness. (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: 12 hours postdose in each dose period

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Placebo3.43
100 mg Lasmiditan3.94
200 mg Lasmiditan3.79
50 mg Diphenhydramine4.74

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Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) Score

The KSS is used to assess subjective level of sleepiness. This is a participant self-report measure of situational sleepiness and provides an assessment of alertness/sleepiness at a particular point in time. It is a 9-point categorical Likert scale on which the participant rates sleepiness from 1 (very alert) to 9 (very sleepy/fighting sleep), with higher scores indicating more sleepiness and lower scores indicating more alertness. (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: 24 hours postdose in each dose period

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Placebo4.19
100 mg Lasmiditan3.72
200 mg Lasmiditan3.93
50 mg Diphenhydramine4.75

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Simulated Driving Performance in Healthy Participants as Measured by Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) Using the Cognitive Research Corporation Driving Simulator-MiniSim (CRCDS-MiniSim)

"The standard deviation of lateral position (SDLP) is the primary parameter used as stable measure of driving performance with high test-retest reliability. It measures the driver's ability to stay in a constant position within the driving lane.~LS Means were analyzed using a mixed repeated measures model with fixed effects for sequence, period, and treatment, with repeated observations for subjects for each of the driving time points." (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: 12 hours postdose in each dose period

Interventioncentimeters (Least Squares Mean)
Placebo30.41
100 mg Lasmiditan30.29
200 mg Lasmiditan30.09
50 mg Diphenhydramine34.72

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Total Number of Collisions

Total collisions are the sum off collisions with other vehicles and off-road crashes. Collision counts also included the number of times that a lane deviation exceeded 4 feet but where no collision occurred ( a crash-likely event). (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: 8 hours postdose in each dose period

Interventioncollisions (Mean)
Placebo0.1
100 mg Lasmiditan0.0
200 mg Lasmiditan0.0
50 mg Diphenhydramine0.4

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Total Number of Collisions

Total collisions are the sum off collisions with other vehicles and off-road crashes. Collision counts also included the number of times that a lane deviation exceeded 4 feet but where no collision occurred ( a crash-likely event). (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: 24 hours postdose in each dose period

Interventioncollisions (Mean)
Placebo0.2
100 mg Lasmiditan0.0
200 mg Lasmiditan0.2
50 mg Diphenhydramine0.6

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Total Number of Collisions

Total collisions are the sum off collisions with other vehicles and off-road crashes. Collision counts also included the number of times that a lane deviation exceeded 4 feet but where no collision occurred ( a crash-likely event). (NCT03459612)
Timeframe: 12 hours postdose in each dose period

Interventioncollisions (Mean)
Placebo0.1
100 mg Lasmiditan0.0
200 mg Lasmiditan0.1
50 mg Diphenhydramine0.2

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Time Patient Was Placed in Straitjacket/Restraint Post Intervention Treatment

If patient was placed in a straitjacket post intervention due to aggression - this would be noted on the outcomes form which includes a checklist at certain time intervals 20,40,60 and 120 minutes post intervention treatment. (NCT03639558)
Timeframe: 20, 40, 60 and 120 minutes post intervention treatment

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Restraints at 20 minutesRestraints at 40 minutesRestraints at 60 minutesRestraints at 120 minutes
Haloperidol + Promethazine161395
Haloperidol + Promethazine + Chlorpromazine171086

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Time Taken for Patient to Fall Asleep Post Intervention

Patient has fallen asleep and is no longer aggressive post intervention treatment and will be noted on the outcomes form which includes a checklist of different time intervals: 20, 40, 60 and 120 minutes post intervention treatment. (NCT03639558)
Timeframe: 20, 40, 60 and 120 minutes post intervention treatment

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Asleep at 20 minutesAsleep at 40 minutesAsleep at 60 minutesAsleep at 120 minutes
Haloperidol + Promethazine291018
Haloperidol + Promethazine + Chlorpromazine092524

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Number of Participants According to the Time Taken for Aggressive Behaviour to Change to Calm and Tranquil

Patient no longer exhibiting aggressive behavior both verbal and physical post intervention treatment. A primary measure of outcome form will contain a Calm or Tranquil column followed by four rows: 20 mins, 40 mins, 60 mins and 120 mins post intervention medication. The boxes would be ticked depending if the patient meets the primary measure of outcome within the time frame provided. (NCT03639558)
Timeframe: 20, 40, 60 and 120 minutes post intervention treatment

,
Interventionparticipants (Number)
Calm or tranquil at 20 minutesCalm or tranquil at 40 minutesCalm or tranquil at 60 minutesCalm or tranquil at 120 minutes
Haloperidol + Promethazine14253535
Haloperidol + Promethazine + Chlorpromazine18414547

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Time Noted Where Important Adverse Effects Occurred Post Intervention

If patient exhibits any adverse effects post intervention treatment, this will be noted within the time frames. (NCT03639558)
Timeframe: 20, 40, 60 and 120 minutes post intervention treatment

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Haloperidol + Promethazine + Chlorpromazine0
Haloperidol + Promethazine0

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Number of Participants With Serious and/or Non-serious Adverse Events Assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0)

Here is the number of participants with serious and/or non-serious adverse events assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0). A non-serious adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence. A serious adverse event is an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that results in death, a life-threatening adverse drug experience, hospitalization, disruption of the ability to conduct normal life functions, congenital anomaly/birth defect or important medical events that jeopardize the patient or subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of the previous outcomes mentioned. (NCT03805932)
Timeframe: Date treatment consent signed to date off study, approximately 11 months and 13 days for the first group, and 4 months and 3 days for the second group.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Moxetumomab - Dose Escalation 30 mcg/kg3
Moxetumomab - Dose Expansion 40 mcg/kg15

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Number of Participants With a Dose-limiting Toxicity (DLT)

Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) is defined as all treatment related Grade 3-5 adverse events (AEs) occurring from the initiation of moxetumomab pasudotox-tdfk therapy to within 30 days after the last dose of moxetumomab pasudotox-tdfk treatment. Adverse events were assessed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0). Grade 3 is severe, Grade 4 is life-threatening, and Grade 5 is death related to adverse event. (NCT03805932)
Timeframe: From the initiation of moxetumomab pasudotox-tdfk therapy to within 30 days after the last dose

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Moxetumomab - Dose Escalation 30 mcg/kg0
Moxetumomab - Dose Expansion 40 mcg/kg0

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Number of Participants Whose Cancer Shrinks or Disappears After Treatment

Number of participants whose cancer shrinks or disappears after treatment defined as minimal residual disease. MRD is no hairy cell leukemia (HCL) in the blood and bone marrow aspirate flow determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry of blood and bone marrow aspirate. (NCT03805932)
Timeframe: 28-42 days after day 1 of the last treatment.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Moxetumomab - Dose Escalation 30 mcg/kg2
Moxetumomab - Dose Expansion 40 mcg/kg11

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Number of Participants Who Are Minimal Residual Disease (MRD)-Free

MRD-free is defined as participants with no hairy cell leukemia (HCL) in the blood and bone marrow aspirate flow determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry of blood and bone marrow aspirate. (NCT03805932)
Timeframe: 28-42 days after day 1 of the last treatment.

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Moxetumomab - Dose Escalation 30 mcg/kg2
Moxetumomab - Dose Expansion 40 mcg/kg11

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Patient Sedation Scores at 1 Hour and 2 Hours Post-injection of Antihistamine (IV Cetirizine HCl or IV Diphenhydramine) and at Discharge.

Patient sedation scores at 1 hour and 2 hours post-injection of antihistamine (IV cetirizine HCl or IV diphenhydramine) and at discharge. The patient sedation scores are assessed on a scale of 0-4, with 0=None and 4=Extremely Severe (Asleep, Cannot Self-Rate). The HCP sedation scores are assessed on a scale of 0-4, with 0=None and 4=Extremely severe. (NCT04189588)
Timeframe: 1 hour, 2 Hours and at discharge

,
InterventionUnits on a scale (Mean)
1 Hour2 HourDischarge
Cohort A0.50.60.1
Cohort B1.30.90.4

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Number of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Treatment With an Anti-CD20 Antibody or Paclitaxel

"Compare the number of patients experiencing any infusion reaction events, and the number and percentage of patients experiencing each symptom of infusion reactions (flushing, itching, alterations in heart rate and blood pressure, dyspnea, chest discomfort, acute back or abdominal pain, fever, shaking chills, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, throat tightening, hypoxia, seizures, dizziness, or syncope) to treatment with anti-CD20 such as Rituxan® (rituximab) or Paclitaxel after premedication with intravenous (IV) QUZYTTIR™ cetirizine hydrochloride (HCl) or IV diphenhydramine during first-cycle infusion or re-treatment after 6 months or in patients with persistent infusion reactions while on maintenance with anti-CD20 such as Rituxan® (rituximab) or Paclitaxel.~The infusion reactions will be evaluated following the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE version 5.0) definitions of graded infusion reactions." (NCT04189588)
Timeframe: During and after anti-CD20 agent or paclitaxel infusion, at 1 and 2 hours after the antihistamine injection, at time of discharge, and up through 1 Month post injection of antihistamine (intervention).

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cohort A2
Cohort B3

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"Time From Injection to Readiness for Discharge"

"Describe the distribution of the amount of time spent in the treatment center prior to discharge (time from injection to Readiness for Discharge)." (NCT04189588)
Timeframe: Time to discharge from infusion center

InterventionHours (Mean)
Cohort A4.3
Cohort B4.7

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Number of Participants Achieving Target cPRA

Target calculated panel reactive antibodies (cPRA) was defined as the reduction of cPRA required to achieve at least 100% increase of likelihood of compatible donor (LCD). Number of participants who achieved target cPRA was assessed using the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) calculator during the specified timepoint were reported in this outcome measure. Participants who retained their target cPRA values were censored at the date of the last available laboratory assessment achieving their target cPRA. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%4
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%2

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Number of Participants With Graft Survival at 6 Months Post-Transplant

Number of participants with graft survival status as functioning at 6-months post-transplant was reported in this outcome measure. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At 6 Months post-transplant

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%1
Cohort B: Participants With Calculated Panel Reactive Antibodies (cPRA) 80.00% to 99.89%0

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Percentage of Participants With Response

Response was defined as the percentage of participants meeting at least one of the predefined desensitization efficacy criteria as measured by single antigen bead (SAB) assay as follows: reduction in cPRA resulting in at least 100% increase of likelihood of finding a compatible donor; reduction in antibody titer (>=75% reduction from Baseline) to achieve target cPRA; elimination of >=1 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibody (i.e., mean fluorescence intensity [MFI] reduced to <2000) as measured by a SAB assay, for antibodies with Baseline MFI >=3000. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until end of follow-up period (maximum duration: up to 39.1 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%83.3
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%81.8

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Pharmacokinetics (PK) Parameters: Concentration Observed at the End of First Intravenous Infusion (Ceoi) of Isatuximab

Ceoi is the plasma concentration observed at the end of intravenous infusion of isatuximab. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At End of infusion on Cycle 1 Day 1

Interventionmicrograms per milliliter (mcg/mL) (Mean)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%290
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%270

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PK Parameters: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curve From Time 0 to 168 Hours Over the Dosing Interval (AUC0-168 Hours) After First Infusion of Isatuximab

AUC0-168 hours was defined as the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time 0 to 168 hours post dose calculated using trapezoidal method after first infusion of isatuximab. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At Start of infusion (SOI), End of infusion (EOI), EOI+4H (initial protocol) EOI+1H (amended protocol), 72H and 168H on Day 1 of Cycle 1

Interventionmicrograms*hours/milliliter (mcg*h/mL) (Mean)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%29400
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%20000

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Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), and Treatment-Emergent Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs)

An AE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a participant who received study drug and did not necessarily had to have a causal relationship with the treatment. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose: resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect, was a medically important event. TEAEs were defined as AEs that developed, worsened or became serious during the TEAE period (defined as the time from the first dose of study drug until study cut-off date). (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
TEAEsTESAEs
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%30
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%40

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PK Parameters: Maximum Concentration Observed (Cmax) After the First Infusion of Isatuximab

Cmax was defined as the maximum concentration observed after the first administration calculated using the noncompartmental analysis after the intravenous infusion of isatuximab. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At Start of infusion (SOI), End of infusion (EOI), EOI+4H (initial protocol) EOI+1H (amended protocol), 72H and 168H on Day 1 of Cycle 1

Interventionmcg/mL (Mean)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%295
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%285

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PK Parameters: Time of Clast (Tlast) After First Infusion of Isatuximab

Tlast was defined as the time of last concentration observed above the lower limit of quantification, calculated using the non-compartmental analysis after the intravenous infusion of isatuximab. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At Start of infusion (SOI), End of infusion (EOI), EOI+4H (initial protocol) EOI+1H (amended protocol), 72H and 168H on Day 1 of Cycle 1

Interventionhours (Median)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%166.00
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%167.00

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PK Parameters: Time Taken to Reach Cmax (Tmax) After the First Infusion of Isatuximab

Tmax was defined as the time to reach Cmax, calculated using the non-compartmental analysis after the intravenous infusion of isatuximab. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At Start of infusion (SOI), End of infusion (EOI), EOI+4H (initial protocol) EOI+1H (amended protocol), 72H and 168H on Day 1 of Cycle 1

Interventionhours (Median)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%3.67
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%3.40

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Number of Participants With Renal Function Abnormalities

Abnormal renal parameters assessed were creatinine increased and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). The renal function abnormality grades were based on NCI-CTCAE, Version 5.0, where Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Potentially Life Threatening. Grade refers to the severity of the AEs. eGFR was assessed as per PCSA criteria: 60 (less than equal to) <= to less than (<) 90 milliliter/minute/1.73 meter square (mL/min/1.73m^2) (Mild), 30<= to <60 mL/min/1.73m^2 (Moderate), 15<=to <30 mL/min/1.73m^2 (Severe), <15 mL/min/1.73m^2 (End Stage Renal Disease). (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Creatinine increased: Grade 1Creatinine increased: Grade 2Creatinine increased: Grade 3Creatinine increased: Grade 4eGFR: 60<= - <90 mL/min/1.73m^2eGFR: 30<= - <60 mL/min/1.73m^2eGFR: 15<= - <30 mL/min/1.73m^2eGFR: <15 mL/min/1.73m^2
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%0011100012
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%003800011

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PK Parameters: Trough Plasma Concentrations (Ctrough) of Isatuximab

Ctrough was the plasma concentration of isatuximab observed just before (pre-dose) treatment administration. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: Cycle 2 Day 1

Interventionmcg/mL (Mean)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%308
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%246

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Time to First Transplant Offer

Time to first transplant offer was defined as time (in days) from date of first study treatment dose up to date of first kidney transplant offer. Data on transplant status were collected and followed up until study cut-off date. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Interventiondays (Median)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%373
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%156

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Time to Transplant

Time to transplant was defined as time (in days) from date of first study treatment dose up to date of kidney transplant. Data on transplant status were collected and followed up until study cut-off date. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Interventiondays (Median)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%445
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%259.5

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Electrolytes Parameters

Abnormal electrolyte parameters assessed were hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, blood bicarbonate decreased, hypermagnesemia, hypomagnesemia and chloride. The abnormal grades were based on NCI-CTCAE, Version 5.0, where Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Potentially Life Threatening. Grade refers to the severity of the AEs. Chloride was estimated as per PCSA criteria: <80 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) and >115 mmol/L. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hypernatremia: Grade 1Hypernatremia: Grade 2Hypernatremia: Grade 3Hypernatremia: Grade 4Hyponatremia: Grade 1Hyponatremia: Grade 2Hyponatremia: Grade 3Hyponatremia: Grade 4Hyperkalemia: Grade 1Hyperkalemia: Grade 2Hyperkalemia: Grade 3Hyperkalemia: Grade 4Hypokalemia: Grade 1Hypokalemia: Grade 2Hypokalemia: Grade 3Hypokalemia: Grade 4Hypercalcemia: Grade 1Hypercalcemia: Grade 2Hypercalcemia: Grade 3Hypercalcemia: Grade 4Hypocalcemia: Grade 1Hypocalcemia: Grade 2Hypocalcemia: Grade 3Hypocalcemia: Grade 4Hypermagnesemia: Grade 1Hypermagnesemia: Grade 2Hypermagnesemia: Grade 3Hypermagnesemia: Grade 4Hypomagnesemia: Grade 1Hypomagnesemia: Grade 2Hypomagnesemia: Grade 3Hypomagnesemia: Grade 4Chloride (PCSA): <80 mmol/LChloride (PCSA): >115 mmol/L
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%0000400023100001010060002000300000
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%0000100061200000100052000000300000

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Number of Participants With Abnormal Metabolism Parameters

Abnormal metabolism parameters assessed were hypoglycemia, hypoalbuminemia and glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c). The abnormal grades were based on NCI-CTCAE, Version 5.0, where Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Potentially Life Threatening. Grade refers to the severity of the AEs. HbA1c was estimated as per PCSA criteria: >8%. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Hypoglycemia: Grade 1Hypoglycemia: Grade 2Hypoglycemia: Grade 3Hypoglycemia: Grade 4Hypoalbuminemia: Grade 1Hypoalbuminemia: Grade 2Hypoalbuminemia: Grade 3Hypoalbuminemia: Grade 4
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%11003200
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%20000200

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Number of Participants With Anti-drug Antibodies (ADA) Against Isatuximab

ADA responses were categorized as treatment boosted ADA and treatment-induced ADA. Treatment boosted ADA was defined as pre-existing ADAs with a significant increase in the ADA titer during the study compared to the Baseline titer. Treatment-induced ADA was defined as ADA that developed at any time during the ADA on-study observation period in participants without pre-existing ADA. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment-induced ADATreatment boosted ADA
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%00
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%00

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PK Parameters: Last Concentration Observed Above the Lower Limit of Quantification (Clast) After the First Infusion of Isatuximab

Clast was defined as the last concentration of isatuximab observed above the lower limit of quantification calculated using non-compartmental analysis after the first infusion of isatuximab. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: At Start of infusion (SOI), End of infusion (EOI), EOI+4H (initial protocol) EOI+1H (amended protocol), 72H and 168H on Day 1 of Cycle 1

Interventionmcg/mL (Mean)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%104
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%76.3

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Number of Participants With Anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-Antibody Reduction

Number of participants with anti-HLA-antibody (Baseline MFI >=3000) reduced to <2000 as measured using a SAB assay per central laboratory assessment was reported in this outcome measure. Participants were categorized in various categories of number of antibodies which were reduced as: none, 1-5, >5-10, >10-15, and >15. If multiple visits had the same number of total anti-HLA antibody reduction, the last visit data was summarized. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until end of follow-up period (maximum duration: up to 39.1 weeks)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
None1-5 antibodies>5-10 antibodies>10-15 antibodies>15 antibodies
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%24411
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%24401

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Number of Participants With Hematological Abnormalities

Abnormal hematological parameters assessed were anemia, platelet count decreased, neutrophil count decreased, lymphocyte count decreased and monocytes. The hematological abnormality grades were based on National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) Version 5.0, where Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Potentially Life Threatening. Grade refers to the severity of the AEs. Monocytes were assessed as per potentially clinically significant abnormality (PCSA) criteria defined as: greater than (>) 0.7*10^9/L. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Anemia: Grade 1Anemia: Grade 2Anemia: Grade 3Anemia: Grade 4Platelet count decreased: Grade 1Platelet count decreased: Grade 2Platelet count decreased: Grade 3Platelet count decreased: Grade 4Neutrophil count decreased: Grade 1Neutrophil count decreased: Grade 2Neutrophil count decreased: Grade 3Neutrophil count decreased: Grade 4Lymphocyte count decreased: Grade 1Lymphocyte count decreased: Grade 2Lymphocyte count decreased: Grade 3Lymphocyte count decreased: Grade 4Monocytes (PCSA) > 0.7*10^9/L
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%63002000000041103
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%82006000000021003

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Number of Participants With Liver Function Abnormalities

Abnormal liver function parameters assessed were Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased, and Total bilirubin (TB) increased. The abnormal grades were based on NCI-CTCAE, Version 5.0, where Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe; Grade 4 = Potentially Life Threatening. Grade refers to the severity of the AEs. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
ALT increased: Grade 1ALT increased: Grade 2ALT increased: Grade 3ALT increased: Grade 4AST increased: Grade 1AST increased: Grade 2AST increased: Grade 3AST increased: Grade 4ALP increased: Grade 1ALP increased: Grade 2ALP increased: Grade 3ALP increased: Grade 4TB increased: Grade 1TB increased: Grade 2TB increased: Grade 3TB increased: Grade 4
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%1000100030000000
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%1000000020000000

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Duration for Achieving Target cPRA

Duration of achieving target cPRA was defined as the time (in weeks) from laboratory sample collection date of achieving target cPRA (defined as the reduction of cPRA required to achieve at least 100% increase of LCD) the first time up to the laboratory sample collection date when no longer achieving target cPRA calculated using OPTN calculator or the date of death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. The duration of achieving target cPRA was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Interventionweeks (Median)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%NA
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%7.29

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Number of Kidney Transplant Offers

Number of kidney transplants offers received for each participant was reported in the outcome measure. Data on transplant offers were collected and followed up until study cut-off date. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until study cut-off date (maximum duration: up to 97.7 weeks)

Interventiontransplant offers (Number)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%3
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%3

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Duration of Response (DOR)

Duration of response (DOR) was defined as time (in weeks) from laboratory sample collection date used in determining a participant to be a responder (defined as participants meeting at least one of the predefined desensitization efficacy criteria: reduction in cPRA resulting in at least 100% increase of likelihood of finding a compatible donor; reduction in antibody titer [>=75% reduction from Baseline] to achieve target cPRA; elimination of >=1 anti-HLA antibody i.e. MFI reduced to <2000 as measured by a SAB assay, for antibodies with Baseline MFI >=3000) up to the laboratory sample collection date when participant was confirmed as no longer meeting any response criterion (i.e., non-responder) or the date of death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. DOR was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. (NCT04294459)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug until end of follow-up period (maximum duration: up to 39.1 weeks)

Interventionweeks (Median)
Cohort A: Participants With cPRA >=99.90%NA
Cohort B: Participants With cPRA 80.00% to 99.89%NA

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Number of Participants Positive for Anti-rHuPH20 Antibodies

Reported here is the number of participants who had a positive anti-rHuPH20 antibody assay result at baseline or post-baseline. The post-baseline results are divided in treatment-enhanced anti-rHuPH20 antibodies and treatment-induced anti-rHuPH20 antibodies. Treatment-enhanced anti-rHuPH20 antibodies are participants with a positive anti-rHuPH20 antibody result at baseline who had one or more post-baseline titer results that was at least 0.60 titer unit greater than the baseline titer result. Treatment-induced anti-rHuPH20 antibodies include participants with negative or missing baseline anti-rHuPH20 antibody result(s) and at least one positive post-baseline anti-rHuPH20 antibody result. (NCT04660799)
Timeframe: From baseline up to 6 months after the last dose of study treatment (up to approximately 1 year)

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
BaselinePost-baseline: Treatment-enhancedPost-baseline: Treatment-induced
Rituximab SC+CHOP211

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Number of Participants Positive for Anti-drug Antibodies (ADAs) to Rituximab

Reported here is the number of participants who had a positive ADA assay result at baseline or post-baseline. The post-baseline results are divided in treatment-enhanced ADAs and treatment-induced ADAs. Treatment-enhanced ADAs are participants with a positive ADA result at baseline who had one or more post-baseline titer results that was at least 0.60 titer unit greater than the baseline titer result. Treatment-induced ADAs include participants with negative or missing baseline ADA result(s) and at least one positive post-baseline ADA result. (NCT04660799)
Timeframe: From baseline up to 6 months after the last dose of study treatment (up to approximately 1 year)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
BaselinePost-baseline: Treatment-enhancedPost-baseline: Treatment-induced
Rituximab IV+CHOP211
Rituximab SC+CHOP101

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Maximum Observed Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Rituximab

(NCT04660799)
Timeframe: At Cycles 2 and 7 (one cycle=21 days): pre-dose, within 15 minutes of end of infusion, 24 hours post-dose, Days 3, 7, 15, 21, up to 21 weeks

,
Interventionmicrograms per milliliter (mcg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 2Cycle 7
Rituximab IV+CHOP200255
Rituximab SC+CHOP144228

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Area Under the Curve (AUC) of Rituximab

AUC is the area under the serum concentration curve over the dosing interval of 21 days during Cycle 2 and Cycle 7. (NCT04660799)
Timeframe: During Cycles 2 and 7 (one cycle=21 days): pre-dose, within 15 minutes of end of infusion, 24 hours post-dose, Days 3, 7, 15, 21, up to 21 weeks

,
Interventionday*mcg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 2Cycle 7
Rituximab IV+CHOP17303050
Rituximab SC+CHOP21303810

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Subcutaneous Serum Rituximab Trough Concentration (Ctrough SC) and Intravenous Serum Rituximab Trough Concentration (Ctrough IV)

For this pharmacokinetics (PK) primary outcome measure the serum rituximab Ctrough for SC and IV administrations were measured at Cycle 7, 21 days after study treatment administration for Cycle 7 (pre-dose of Cycle 8). Geometric mean ratio and 90% confidence interval were estimated based on an ANCOVA model adjusted for tumor load at baseline and are reported in the statistical analysis. (NCT04660799)
Timeframe: At Cycle 7 (one cycle=21 days), 21 days after study treatment administration, up to 21 weeks

Interventionmicrograms/milliliter (mcg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Rituximab IV+CHOP90.7
Rituximab SC+CHOP137.4

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Observed SC and IV Rituximab Area Under the Curve (AUCsc and AUCiv)

The area under the curve (AUC) for serum rituximab concentration versus time after dosage was measured for SC and IV administrations during Cycle 7. Geometric mean ratio and 90% confidence interval were estimated based on an ANCOVA model adjusted for tumor load at baseline and are reported in the statistical analysis. (NCT04660799)
Timeframe: During Cycle 7 (one cycle=21 days): pre-dose, within 15 minutes of end of infusion, 24 hours post-dose, Days 3, 7, 15, 21, up to 21 weeks

Interventionday*mcg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Rituximab IV+CHOP3050.7
Rituximab SC+CHOP3806.7

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CRR, as Determined by IRC Using International Working Group (IWG) Response Criteria for Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL) 1999 Guidelines

CRR was assessed according to the IWG Response Criteria for NHL 1999 guidelines and included CR and CR unconfirmed (CRu). CR was defined as complete disappearance of all clinical and radiographic evidence of disease and disease-related symptoms, regression of lymph nodes to normal size, absence of splenomegaly, and absence of bone marrow involvement. CRu was defined as disappearance of clinical and radiographic evidence of disease and absence of splenomegaly, with regression of lymph nodes by > 75 % but still >1.5 cm in size, and indeterminate bone marrow assessment. (NCT04660799)
Timeframe: 6-8 weeks after the last dose of study treatment or 4-8 weeks after last dose of study treatment for early discontinuation (up to approximately 32 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab IV+CHOP58.3
Rituximab SC+CHOP65.4

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Complete Response Rate (CRR) as Determined by the Independent Review Committee (IRC) Using Lugano Response Criteria (LRC) for Malignant Lymphoma

Per LRC, CR based on positron emission tomography- computed tomography (PET-CT) was defined as complete metabolic response (MR) in lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites with a score of 1, 2, or 3 with or without residual mass, on 5-point scale (5PS), where, 1= no uptake above background; 2 = uptake ≤ mediastinum; 3 = uptake > mediastinum but ≤ liver; 4 = uptake moderately > liver; 5 = uptake markedly higher than liver and/or new lesions; no new lesions and no evidence of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid disease in bone marrow. Per LRC, CR based on CT was defined as complete radiologic response in lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites with target nodes/nodal masses regressing to ≤ 1.5 centimeters (cm) in longest transverse diameter (LDi) and no extralymphatic sites of disease; absence of non-measured lesion; organ enlargement regressing to normal; no new lesions; normal bone marrow by morphology, if indeterminate, immunohistochemistry (IHC) negative. (NCT04660799)
Timeframe: 6-8 weeks after the last dose of study treatment or 4-8 weeks after last dose of study treatment for early discontinuation (up to approximately 32 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab IV+CHOP62.5
Rituximab SC+CHOP80.8

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Trough Serum Concentration (Ctrough) of Rituximab

Ctrough was measured at Cycle 2 and Cycle 7, 21 days after study treatment administration for each cycle (pre-dose of Cycle 3 and Cycle 8, respectively). (NCT04660799)
Timeframe: At Cycles 2 and 7 (one cycle=21 days), 21 days after study treatment administration, up to 21 weeks

,
Interventionmcg/mL (Geometric Mean)
Cycle 2Cycle 7
Rituximab IV+CHOP43.290.7
Rituximab SC+CHOP63.5137

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Time to Cmax (Tmax) of Rituximab

(NCT04660799)
Timeframe: At Cycles 2 and 7 (one cycle=21 days): pre-dose, within 15 minutes of end of infusion, 24 hours post-dose, Days 3, 7, 15, 21, up to 21 weeks

,
Interventionday (Median)
Cycle 2Cycle 7
Rituximab IV+CHOP0.140.16
Rituximab SC+CHOP5.421.99

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Objective Response Rate (ORR), Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR), as Determined by Investigator and IRC Using Lugano Response Criteria (LRC) for Malignant Lymphoma

ORR=CR+PR. Per LRC: CR by PET-CT: complete MR in lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites with a score of 1, 2, or 3 with or without residual mass; no new lesions, no FDG-avid disease in bone marrow; CR by CT: complete radiologic response in lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites with target nodes/nodal masses regressing to ≤ 1.5 cm in LDi, no extralymphatic disease; absence of non-measured lesion; organ enlargement regressing to normal; no new lesions; normal bone marrow; PR by PET-CT: partial MR in lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites with a score of 4 or 5 with reduced uptake compared with baseline + residual masses of any size; no new lesions, residual uptake higher than in normal bone marrow but reduced compared with baseline; PR by CT: ≥ 50% decrease in sum of the product of the perpendicular diameters (SPD) of up to 6 target nodes and extranodal sites; non-measured lesion absent/normal, regressed, but no increase; spleen regressed by >50 % in length beyond normal; no new lesions. (NCT04660799)
Timeframe: 6-8 weeks after the last dose of study treatment or 4-8 weeks after last dose of study treatment for early discontinuation (up to approximately 32 weeks)

,
Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
InvestigatorIRC
Rituximab IV+CHOP70.866.7
Rituximab SC+CHOP88.580.8

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Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

AE: any untoward medical occurrence in a subject administered a pharmaceutical product, regardless of causal attribution. An AE can be any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. New disease, exacerbation of existing disease, recurrence of an intermittent medical condition not present at baseline, any deterioration in a laboratory value or other clinical test associated with symptoms or leading to a change in study/concomitant treatment or discontinuation from study drug as well as events related to protocol-mandated interventions are considered AEs. SAEs: any event that met any of these criteria: fatal, life-threatening, required or prolonged in-patient hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, a congenital anomaly/birth defect, medically significant or required intervention to prevent any of the outcomes listed here. (NCT04660799)
Timeframe: AEs were reported up to 28 days after the last dose (up to approximately 7 months), and SAEs were reported up to 6 months after the last dose of study treatment (up to approximately 1 year)

,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
AEsSAEs
Rituximab IV+CHOP2411
Rituximab SC+CHOP268

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CRR, as Determined by the Investigator Using Lugano Response Criteria for Malignant Lymphoma

Per LRC, CR based on PET-CT was defined as complete metabolic response (MR) in lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites with a score of 1, 2, or 3 with or without residual mass, on 5-point scale (5PS), where, 1= no uptake above background; 2 = uptake ≤ mediastinum; 3 = uptake > mediastinum but ≤ liver; 4 = uptake moderately > liver; 5 = uptake markedly higher than liver and/or new lesions; no new lesions and no evidence of FDG-avid disease in bone marrow. Per LRC, CR based on CT was defined as complete radiologic response in lymph nodes and extralymphatic sites with target nodes/nodal masses regressing to ≤ 1.5 centimeters (cm) in longest transverse diameter (LDi) and no extralymphatic sites of disease; absence of non-measured lesion; organ enlargement regressing to normal; no new lesions; normal bone marrow by morphology, if indeterminate, IHC negative. (NCT04660799)
Timeframe: 6-8 weeks after the last dose of study treatment or 4-8 weeks after last dose of study treatment for early discontinuation (up to approximately 32 weeks)

Interventionpercentage of participants (Number)
Rituximab IV+CHOP58.3
Rituximab SC+CHOP76.9

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SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetylcarnitine
Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.		4.911O-acylcarnitinehuman metabolite
dinitrochlorobenzene
Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.		2.6530C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
sensitiser
ethylene chlorohydrin
Ethylene Chlorohydrin: Used as a solvent, in the manufacture of insecticides, and for treating sweet potatoes before planting. May cause nausea, vomiting, pains in head and chest, stupefaction. Irritates mucous membranes and causes kidney and liver degeneration.. chloroethanol : An organochlorine compound that is ethanol substituted by at least one chloro group.		3.3411chloroethanolxenobiotic metabolite
alpha-ketoglutaric acid
2-oxoglutaric acid : An oxo dicarboxylic acid that consists of glutaric acid bearing an oxo substituent at position 2. It is an intermediate metabolite in Krebs cycle.		210oxo dicarboxylic acidfundamental metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.		9.15227amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.		3.8130monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
plant metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.		2.8640hydroxytryptophanhuman metabolite;
neurotransmitter
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.7430monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.		5.5651aldehydecarcinogenic agent;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
electron acceptor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
teratogenic agent
acetamide
acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.		2.0510acetamides;
carboximidic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia
acetone
methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).		2.0210ketone body;
methyl ketone;
propanones;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
adenine
[no description available]		2.65306-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
allantoin
[no description available]		2.420imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
ureas		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		5.1431azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
quinacrine
Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.		3.580acridines;
aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimalarial;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
beta-alanine
[no description available]		2.110amino acid zwitterion;
beta-amino acid		agonist;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
inhibitor;
neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde
[no description available]		2.0210benzaldehydesEC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
fragrance;
odorant receptor agonist;
plant metabolite
benzene
[no description available]		2.0210aromatic annulene;
benzenes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
non-polar solvent
benzoic acid
Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.		3.8230benzoic acidsalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
benzyl alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.		10.1831benzyl alcoholsantioxidant;
fragrance;
metabolite;
solvent
betaine
glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.		4.3760amino-acid betaine;
glycine derivative		fundamental metabolite
bromide
Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)		7.8740halide anion;
monoatomic bromine
1-butanol
1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.		2.4320alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
butyric acid
Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.		3.8130fatty acid 4:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human urinary metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
carbamates
[no description available]		3.4680amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide
Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.		2.3320carbon oxide;
gas molecular entity;
one-carbon compound		biomarker;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
ligand;
metabolite;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
neurotransmitter;
P450 inhibitor;
probe;
signalling molecule;
vasodilator agent
formic acid
formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.		7.5220monocarboxylic acidantibacterial agent;
astringent;
metabolite;
protic solvent;
solvent
aminooxyacetic acid
Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.		1.9510amino acid;
hydroxylamines;
monocarboxylic acid		anticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor;
EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
carnitine
[no description available]		5.4241amino-acid betainehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		5.7161alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
levoplast
Levoplast: mixture of acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl)-, (R-(R*,R*))-, castor oil, celluloidin, collodion & tannins		2.1510C-nitro compound
chloroacetic acid
chloroacetic acid: urinary metabolite of vinyl chloride; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroacetic acid : A chlorocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid carrying a 2-chloro substituent.		2.0210chlorocarboxylic acid;
haloacetic acid		alkylating agent;
herbicide
choline
[no description available]		8.82120cholinesallergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutrient;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		4.2941tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		3.97140halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		2.6330chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
coumarin
2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative		2.4320coumarinsfluorescent dye;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
2-cresol
2-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-cresol : A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.		2.0210cresolhuman xenobiotic metabolite
salicylic acid
Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).		4.91110monohydroxybenzoic acidalgal metabolite;
antifungal agent;
antiinfective agent;
EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor;
keratolytic drug;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
3-cresol
3-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. m-cresol : A cresol with the methyl substituent at position 3. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene.		2.0210cresolhuman xenobiotic metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		3.8430trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
octanoic acid
octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.		3.110medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
4-aminophenol
4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.		3.5620aminophenolallergen;
metabolite
bupropion
Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		5.04120aromatic ketone;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
guaiacol
Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.		8.0650guaiacolsdisinfectant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
expectorant;
plant metabolite
hippuric acid
hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.		2.1510N-acylglycinehuman blood serum metabolite;
uremic toxin
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.		2.3920catechols;
dihydroxyphenylacetic acid		human metabolite
aminocaproic acid
Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.		4.1950amino acid zwitterion;
epsilon-amino acid;
omega-amino fatty acid		antifibrinolytic drug;
hematologic agent;
metabolite
creatine
[no description available]		2.3720glycine derivative;
guanidines;
zwitterion		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.05102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.9240sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
ethanolamine
[no description available]		7.9640ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.6530aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		8.0950alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde
Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.		1.9410aldotriosefundamental metabolite
glycerol
Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.		4.3460alditol;
triol		algal metabolite;
detergent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
solvent
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		3.5690carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dalteparin
Dalteparin: A low-molecular-weight fragment of heparin, prepared by nitrous acid depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. The mean molecular weight is 4000-6000 daltons. It is used therapeutically as an antithrombotic agent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		1.9910
histamine
[no description available]		14.3449414aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		2.6730elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
hydroquinone
[no description available]		3.5320benzenediol;
hydroquinones		antioxidant;
carcinogenic agent;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
skin lightening agent
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		1.9310imidazole
indole
[no description available]		2.0210indole;
polycyclic heteroarene		Escherichia coli metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		8.2660diatomic iodinenutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine
Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.		11.74111hydroxyphenylalanine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
tyrosine derivative		human metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		4.3260alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol
Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.		2.0510cyclitol;
hexol
melatonin
[no description available]		6.4241acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
acetanilide
acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.0210acetamides;
anilide		analgesic
naphthalene
[no description available]		2.420naphthalenes;
ortho-fused bicyclic arene		apoptosis inhibitor;
carcinogenic agent;
environmental contaminant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
nickel
Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.		1.9610metal allergen;
nickel group element atom		epitope;
micronutrient
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.3820pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
niacin
Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.		4.6280pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinemonocarboxylic acid;
vitamin B3		antidote;
antilipemic drug;
EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidine bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position 2.		2.0610N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridine alkaloid;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		4.8721monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		1.9610monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.		4.1550gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent
n,n-dimethylaniline
N,N-dimethylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. dimethylaniline : A methylaniline carrying at least two methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylaniline : A tertiary amine that is aniline in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		3.5120dimethylaniline;
tertiary amine
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.0510pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
oxamic acid
Oxamic Acid: Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.. oxamic acid : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide resulting from the formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of oxalic acid with ammonia.		2.8940dicarboxylic acid monoamideEscherichia coli metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid
4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.		2.6830aminobenzoic acid;
aromatic amino-acid zwitterion		allergen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.		3.51204-nitrophenolshuman xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenol
[no description available]		4.250phenolsantiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid
phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.		2.4420benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenylacetic acids		allergen;
Aspergillus metabolite;
auxin;
EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
toxin
phthalic acid
phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.		2.0510benzenedicarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
picolinic acid
picolinic acid: iron-chelating agent that inhibits DNA synthesis; may interfere with iron-dependent production of stable free organic radical which is essential for ribonucleotide reductase formation of deoxyribonucleotides; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7206. picolinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position 2. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of tryptophan.		2.110pyridinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
MALDI matrix material
1-propanol
1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.8640propan-1-ols;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		metabolite;
protic solvent
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		2.4620saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
pyrazinamide
pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.		4.2850monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylammonia;
pyrazines		antitubercular agent;
prodrug
pyrazole
1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.		1.9310pyrazole
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		2.4120azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.		2.0510methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
pyridinecarbaldehyde;
vitamin B6 phosphate		coenzyme;
cofactor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxamine
[no description available]		2.110aminoalkylpyridine;
hydroxymethylpyridine;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
iron chelator;
mouse metabolite;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		10.7690hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol
benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.		3.110benzenetriol;
phenolic donor		plant metabolite
dimethyl sulfide
dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.		2.0210aliphatic sulfidealgal metabolite;
bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
marine metabolite
taurine
[no description available]		2.5320amino sulfonic acid;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
glycine receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient;
radical scavenger;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiophane
[no description available]		2.0210saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
tetrahydrothiophenes
thiamine
thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.		10.45210primary alcohol;
vitamin B1		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		2.8940methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
trimethylamine
[no description available]		2.110methylamines;
tertiary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
tryptophan
[no description available]		3.5420alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
aminoalkylindole;
aromatic amino acid;
polar amino acid		Daphnia magna metabolite
tryptamine
[no description available]		2.0510aminoalkylindole;
aralkylamino compound;
indole alkaloid;
tryptamines		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		2.8740pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		4.8581isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin
Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).		3.110benzaldehydes;
monomethoxybenzene;
phenols		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
flavouring agent;
plant metabolite
xanthine
7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.		2.1510xanthineSaccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin
[no description available]		3.5320hydroxyflavan
7-hydroxy-2-n,n-dipropylaminotetralin
7-hydroxy-2-N,N-dipropylaminotetralin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		210tetralins
gallopamil
Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.		2.9140benzenes;
organic amino compound
menthol
Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.		7.4982p-menthane monoterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		volatile oil component
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
[no description available]		2.0610catechin
atrolactic acid
atrolactic acid: see also 3-isomer; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.15102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine
DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.		210oxopurineadenosine A1 receptor antagonist;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.		2.0410monochlorobenzenes;
N-arylpiperazine		drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
serotonergic agonist;
xenobiotic
1-methylimidazole
1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.		1.9610imidazoles
2,2'-dipyridyl
2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'.		1.9810bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		2.110chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
2-aminofluorene
[no description available]		3.110
mercaptoethanol
Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.		1.9510alkanethiol;
primary alcohol		geroprotector
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.		2.0510benzodioxoles
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.		4.0340amphetamines;
benzodioxoles		neurotoxin
amitrole
Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.		1.9510aromatic amine;
triazoles		carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor;
herbicide
aminopropionitrile
Aminopropionitrile: Reagent used as an intermediate in the manufacture of beta-alanine and pantothenic acid.		1.9410aminopropionitrileantineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
collagen cross-linking inhibitor;
plant metabolite
3-methylcholanthrene
Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.		2.6330ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arenearyl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
carcinogenic agent
enprofylline
enprofylline : Xanthine bearing a propyl substituent at position 3. A bronchodilator, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in the management of cerebrovascular insufficiency, sickle cell disease, and diabetic neuropathy.		2.7230oxopurineanti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
4-aminopyridine
[no description available]		2.420aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent.		1.9610chlorine molecular entity;
mercuribenzoic acid
chlorocresol
chlorocresol: injections for relief of intractable pain; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chloro-m-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4. A ryanodine receptor agonist.		210hydroxytoluene;
monochlorobenzenes		antimicrobial agent;
disinfectant;
ryanodine receptor agonist
homovanillic acid
Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.		5.3841guaiacols;
monocarboxylic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenytoin
[no description available]		11.57390imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid
5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).		1.9610long-chain fatty acid
5-carboxamidotryptamine
5-carboxamidotryptamine: agonist of 5-HT receptor; structure given in first source		1.9810tryptamines
hydroxyindoleacetic acid
(5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.		2.3720indole-3-acetic acidsdrug metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
6-hydroxymelatonin
6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6.		3.110acetamides;
tryptamines		metabolite;
mouse metabolite
etofylline
etofylline: etophyllin appeared once in PubMed: Wien Med Wochenschr. 1986 May 15;136(9):213-8 as a combination drug with theophylline (spelt without e, theophllin)		2.1510oxopurine
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline
8-(4-sulfophenyl)theophylline: adenosine antagonist		2.3820
8-phenyltheophylline
8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist		2.3920
oxyquinoline
Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes.		5.3641monohydroxyquinolineantibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug;
iron chelator
tacrine
Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		4.23170acridines;
aromatic amine		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
acebutolol
Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.		5.08130aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen
Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.		13.779618acetamides;
phenols		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
human blood serum metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)		5.9770monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohexamide
Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.		2.0510acetophenones;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
acetohydroxamic acid
acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.5920acetohydroxamic acids;
carbohydroximic acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
n-acetyltryptophan
N-acetyltryptophan : An N-acetylamino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of tryptophan.		2.1510N-acetyl-amino acid;
tryptophan derivative		metabolite
acitazanolast
acitazanolast: a leukotriene D4 antagonist		1.9710tetrazoles
ethacridine
Ethacridine: A topically applied anti-infective agent.		2.1510acridines
adiphenine
adiphenine: was heading 1963-94; use DIPHENYLACETIC ACIDS to search ADIPHENINE 1966-94		2.3420diarylmethane
beta-aminoethyl isothiourea
beta-Aminoethyl Isothiourea: A radiation-protective agent that can inhibit DNA damage by binding to the DNA. It also increases the susceptibility of blood cells to complement-mediated lysis.		1.9410
alaproclate
alaproclate: specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors; RN given refers to (DL)-isomer		3.5920alpha-amino acid ester
albendazole
[no description available]		3.8630aryl sulfide;
benzimidazoles;
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
carbamate ester		anthelminthic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
albuterol
Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).		12.29335phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		3.89301,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin
alfuzosin: structure given in first source		3.8630monocarboxylic acid amide;
quinazolines;
tetrahydrofuranol		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
alosetron
alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.		4.3960imidazoles;
pyridoindole		antiemetic;
gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam
Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.		13.79174organochlorine compound;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprenolol
Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.		4.31190secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
altretamine
Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine.		3.930triamino-1,3,5-triazine
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		7.49222adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
ambenonium
ambenonium : A symmetrical oxalamide-based bis-quaternary ammonium ion having ethyl and 2-chlorobenzyl groups attached to the nitrogens.		3.2310quaternary ammonium ionEC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
ambroxol
Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.		4.1431aromatic amine
diatrizoic acid
Diatrizoate: A commonly used x-ray contrast medium. As DIATRIZOATE MEGLUMINE and as Diatrizoate sodium, it is used for gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.. amidotrizoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, mainly as its N-methylglucamine and sodium salts, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		5130acetamides;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
amifostine anhydrous
Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.		3.830diamine;
organic thiophosphate		antioxidant;
prodrug;
radiation protective agent
aminoglutethimide
Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.		2.3820dicarboximide;
piperidones;
substituted aniline		adrenergic agent;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		2.3920guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid
p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.		3.8430N-acylglycineDaphnia magna metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		14.37653dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		5.542101-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
dan 2163
[no description available]		2.4720aromatic amide;
aromatic amine;
benzamides;
pyrrolidines;
sulfone		environmental contaminant;
second generation antipsychotic;
xenobiotic
amitriptyline
Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.		10.46665carbotricyclic compound;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
amlodipine
Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.		5.08130dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
amobarbital
Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties.		6.71174barbiturates
amodiaquine
Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.		2.9340aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
phenols;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
amoxapine
Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.		4.0440dibenzooxazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
dopaminergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
amsacrine
Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.		2.9740acridines;
aromatic ether;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
anastrozole
[no description available]		3.8530nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
anethole trithione
Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers.		2.0510methoxybenzenes
anisindione
anisindione: structure. anisindione : A cyclic beta-diketone consisting of indane-1,3-dione having a 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at the 4-position.		1.9610aromatic ketone;
beta-diketone		anticoagulant;
vitamin K antagonist
antazoline
Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		7.6730aromatic amine;
imidazolines;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
anthralin
Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9.		2.0510anthracenesantipsoriatic
antipyrine
Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.		12.14264pyrazoloneantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
6-methyl-5,6,6a,7-tetrahydro-4H-dibenzo[de,g]quinoline-10,11-diol
[no description available]		2.0610aporphine alkaloid
arecoline
Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.		2.110enoate ester;
methyl ester;
pyridine alkaloid;
tetrahydropyridine		metabolite;
muscarinic agonist
aspirin
Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.		15.04676benzoic acids;
phenyl acetates;
salicylates		anticoagulant;
antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant activator;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin antagonist;
teratogenic agent
astemizole
Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.		8.1224benzimidazoles;
piperidines		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		5.27160ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
azathioprine
Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.		4.81100aryl sulfide;
C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
thiopurine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
azelaic acid
nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups.		2.0110alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
dermatologic drug;
plant metabolite
azelastine
azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position.		6.28202monochlorobenzenes;
phthalazines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
baclofen
[no description available]		5.34100amino acid zwitterion;
gamma-amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
primary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
muscle relaxant
barbital
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid).		2.6930barbituratesdrug allergen
bemegride
Bemegride: A CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose.		2.8640piperidones
bendazac
bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts.		3.8730indazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger
bendroflumethiazide
Bendroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. It has been used in the treatment of familial hyperkalemia, hypertension, edema, and urinary tract disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p810). bendroflumethiazide : A sulfonamide consisting of 7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a trifluoromethyl group and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzyl group.		3.2310benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benfluorex
[no description available]		2.0410benzoate ester
benzamide
benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides.		2.0210benzamides
benzbromarone
Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.		4.56701-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone		uricosuric drug
benzocaine
Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.		4.9791benzoate ester;
substituted aniline		allergen;
antipruritic drug;
sensitiser;
topical anaesthetic
benzothiazide
benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.		2.0510benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
benzyl benzoate
benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.		2.0110benzoate ester;
benzyl ester		acaricide;
plant metabolite;
scabicide
bepridil
Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.		3.9120pyrrolidines;
tertiary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
berberine
[no description available]		2.0610alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
beta-naphthoflavone
beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.		3.110extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
betahistine
Betahistine: A histamine analog and H1 receptor agonist that serves as a vasodilator. It is used in MENIERE DISEASE and in vascular headaches but may exacerbate bronchial asthma and peptic ulcers.. betahistine : An aminoalkylpyridine that is pyridine substituted by a 2-(methylamino)ethyl group at position 2. It acts as a histamine agonist and a vasodilator, and is thought to improve the microcirculation of the labyrinth, resulting in reduced endolymphatic pressure. It is used (generally as the hydrochloride or mesylate salt) to reduce the symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss associated with Meniere's disease.		2.6630aminoalkylpyridine;
secondary amino compound		H1-receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
betaxolol
[no description available]		4.3960propanolamineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		9.0140carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
bevantolol
bevantolol: structure given in first source. bevantolol : A propanolamine that is 3-aminopropane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by 3-methylphenyl and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl. A beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist, it has been shown to be as effective as other beta-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.7230propanolamineanti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
calcium channel blocker
2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone
2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol substituted by tert-butyl groups at position 2 and 5.		2.1510hydroquinones
bicalutamide
bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.		4.140(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monofluorobenzenes;
nitrile;
sulfone;
tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502
bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.		2.7230biphenyls;
imidazoles
biperiden
Biperiden: A muscarinic antagonist that has effects in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been used in the treatment of arteriosclerotic, idiopathic, and postencephalitic parkinsonism. It has also been used to alleviate extrapyramidal symptoms induced by phenothiazine derivatives and reserpine.. biperiden : A member of the class of piperidines that is N-propylpiperidine in which the methyl hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy, phenyl, and 5-norbornen-2-yl groups. A muscarinic antagonist affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems, it is used in the treatment of all forms of Parkinson's disease.		4.4870piperidines;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to sarin poisoning;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
bisacodyl
Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)		3.4920diarylmethane
bisindolylmaleimide i
bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide		2.0610
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		4.7690secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
bithionol
Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.		2.0310aryl sulfide;
bridged diphenyl antifungal drug;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
dichlorobenzene;
organochlorine pesticide;
polyphenol		antifungal agrochemical;
antiplatyhelmintic drug
bromazepam
Bromazepam: One of the BENZODIAZEPINES that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS.		3.2860organic molecular entity
bromhexine
Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).		4.4751organobromine compound;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		mucolytic
bromodiphenhydramine
bromodiphenhydramine: RN given refers to parent cpd. bromazine : A tertiary amino compound that is the 4-bromobenzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. An antihistamine with antimicrobial properties, it is used in the control of cutaneous allergies.		3.82120organobromine compound;
tertiary amino compound		antimicrobial agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
bromopride
bromopride: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.7330benzamides
bromisovalum
Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group.		2.4720N-acylurea;
organobromine compound
bromperidol
bromperidol: bromine-substituted for chlorine in haloperidol; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure		2.0410aromatic ketone
brotizolam
brotizolam: structure		2.9340organic molecular entity
buflomedil
buflomedil: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym LL 1656 refers to HCl; structure		2.4520aromatic ketone
bumetanide
[no description available]		5.2690amino acid;
benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		diuretic;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
bunazosin
bunazosin: structure		2.730quinazolines
bupivacaine
Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.		7.57123aromatic amide;
piperidinecarboxamide;
tertiary amino compound
buspirone
Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.		10.14140azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines		anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
busulfan
[no description available]		4.84100methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
insect sterilant;
teratogenic agent
secbutabarbital
secbutabarbital: Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) should be distinguished from Butobarbital		3.2310barbiturates
butacaine
butacaine: was MH 1965-92; BUTAPROBENZ & BUTOCAIN were see BUTACAINE 1978-92; use 4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID to search BUTACAINE 1966-92		2.420benzoate ester
butalbital
butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache.		2.0510barbituratesanalgesic;
sedative
butamben
butamben: structure. butamben : An amino acid ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-aminobenzoic acid with the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol. Its local anaesthetic properties have been used for surface anaesthesia of the skin and mucous membranes, and for relief of pain and itching associated with some anorectal disorders.		1.9610amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		local anaesthetic
caffeine
[no description available]		11.04627purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		6.15410aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
metrizoate
Metrizoic Acid: A diagnostic radiopaque that usually occurs as the sodium salt.		2.4520monocarboxylic acidradioopaque medium
camphor, (+-)-isomer
[no description available]		3.0650bornane monoterpenoid;
cyclic monoterpene ketone		plant metabolite
candesartan cilexetil
candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects		2.0510biphenyls
candesartan
candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.5720benzimidazolecarboxylic acid;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
carbamazepine
Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.		11.75310dibenzoazepine;
ureas		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
glutamate transporter activator;
mitogen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sodium channel blocker;
xenobiotic
carbetapentane
carbetapentane: RN given refers to parent cpd		7.4620benzenes
carbidopa
[no description available]		2.110benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
carbinoxamine
carbinoxamine: Note: tradenames that start with Histex refer to more than one drug. carbinoxamine : An organochlorine compound that is 2-(4-chlorobenzyl)pyridine in which one of the benzylic hydrogens is substituted by 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy group. It is an ethanolamine-type antihistamine, used as its maleate salt for treating hay fever, as well as mild cases of Parkinson's disease.		3.8730monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
carcinine
carcinine: structure. carcinine : A beta-alanine derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of beta-alanine with the primary amino group of histamine.		1.9710beta-alanine derivative;
imidazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound		antioxidant;
crustacean metabolite
carisoprodol
Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.		4.0640carbamate estermuscle relaxant
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		4.6761N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
carprofen
carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs.		2.4620carbazoles;
organochlorine compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
photosensitizing agent
carteolol
Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.		210quinolone;
secondary alcohol		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		5.08130carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone
Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.		4.911hydrazone;
monochlorobenzenes;
nitrile		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
ionophore
celecoxib
[no description available]		3.5920organofluorine compound;
pyrazoles;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
celiprolol
Celiprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It is used in the management of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.		2.110aromatic ketone
cetirizine
Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.		13.214514ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperazines		anti-allergic agent;
environmental contaminant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
chloral hydrate
[no description available]		7.83214aldehyde hydrate;
ethanediol;
organochlorine compound		general anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
sedative;
xenobiotic
chlorambucil
Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.		4.7490aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
chlorcyclizine
chlorcyclizine: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-73); CHLOROCYCLIZINE & HISTACHLORAZINE were see CHLORCYCLIZINE 1977-94; use PIPERAZINES to search CHLORCYCLIZINE 1966-94; histamine H1-blocker used both orally and topically in allergies and also for the prevention of motion sickness		3.9940diarylmethane
chlordiazepoxide
Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.		8.29312benzodiazepine
chlormezanone
Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions.		9.05401,3-thiazine;
lactam;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfone		antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
muscle relaxant
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.		5.61240aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.		3.9840benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
chloroxylenol
chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores.		2.0510monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
molluscicide
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		11.681458monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		11.91457organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.		5120monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone
Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.		4.5170isoindoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
sulfonamide
chlorzoxazone
Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		4.09401,3-benzoxazoles;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
organochlorine compound		muscle relaxant;
sedative
cifenline
[no description available]		3.1450diarylmethane
ciglitazone
ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.		2.0510aromatic ether;
thiazolidinone		antineoplastic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug
cilostazol
[no description available]		3.620lactam;
tetrazoles		anticoagulant;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
fibrin modulating drug;
neuroprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
cimetidine
Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.		15.426322aliphatic sulfide;
guanidines;
imidazoles;
nitrile		adjuvant;
analgesic;
anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
eucalyptol
[no description available]		2.3920
cinoxacin
Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections.		2.7430cinnolines;
oxacycle;
oxo carboxylic acid		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
ciprofibrate
[no description available]		3.8230cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		antilipemic drug
ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.		5.58220aminoquinoline;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor;
xenobiotic
cisapride
Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.		3.82110benzamides
citalopram
Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.		5.41802-benzofurans;
cyclic ether;
nitrile;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound
clebopride
clebopride: antidopaminergic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4620piperidines
clemizole
clemizole: was heading 1966-94 (see under BENZIMIDAZOLES 1966-90); use BENZIMIDAZOLES to search CLEMIZOLE 1966-94; a histamine H1- blocker used to treat allergies. clemizole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl and a 4-chlorobenzyl groups at positions 2 and 1 respectively.		1.9910benzimidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrrolidines		histamine antagonist
clenbuterol
Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		3.7721amino alcohol;
dichlorobenzene;
ethanolamines;
primary arylamine;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol
Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.		2.3720monohydroxyquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
organoiodine compound		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
chelator;
copper chelator
clobazam
Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics.		2.71301,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clobenpropit
clobenpropit: histamine H3 receptor antagonist. clobenpropit : An imidothiocarbamic ester that consists of isothiourea bearing S-3-(imidazol-4-yl)propyl and N-4-chlorobenzyl substituents. An extremely potent histamine H3 antagonist/inverse agonist (pA2 = 9.93). Also displays partial agonist activity at H4 receptors; induces eosinophil shape change with an EC50 of 3 nM.		2.7230imidazoles;
imidothiocarbamic ester;
organochlorine compound		H3-receptor antagonist;
H4-receptor agonist
clofazimine
Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.		2.4620monochlorobenzenes;
phenazines		dye;
leprostatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clofibrate
angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate		5.2590aromatic ether;
ethyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
geroprotector;
PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid
Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.		3.110aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
herbicide;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
PPARalpha agonist
clofilium
clofilium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0610benzenes;
organic amino compound
clomiphene
[no description available]		3.8630tertiary amineestrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
clomipramine
Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.		10120dibenzoazepineanticoronaviral agent;
antidepressant;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonazepam
Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.. clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.		9.73901,4-benzodiazepinone;
monochlorobenzenes		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
clonidine
Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.		11.19250clonidine;
imidazoline
4-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
[no description available]		3.5320sulfonamide
cloperastine
cloperastine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4620diarylmethane
chlorazepate
clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.		3.58201,4-benzodiazepinoneanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
clotiazepam
clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines		2.5120organic molecular entity
clotrimazole
[no description available]		4.7690conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
[no description available]		2.0610
4-cresol
4-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-cresol : A cresol that consists of toluene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4. It is a metabolite of aromatic amino acid metabolism produced by intestinal microflora in humans and animals.		3.5120cresolEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
uremic toxin
cromolyn
cromoglycic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is the bis-chromone derivative of glycerol. It is effective as a mast cell stabilizer.		2.0710chromones;
dicarboxylic acid		anti-asthmatic drug;
calcium channel blocker
cx546
1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-ylcarbonyl)piperidine: structure in first source		2.1510
cyclandelate
Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels.		2.0510carboxylic ester;
secondary alcohol		vasodilator agent
cyclobenzaprine
cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.		10.7961carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant;
muscle relaxant;
tranquilizing drug
cyclofenil
Cyclofenil: A gonadal stimulant and inducer of ovulation. It is used in the treatment of infertility and amenorrhea, but is thought to be less effective than CLOMIPHENE.		3.5920organic molecular entity
cyclothiazide
cyclothiazide: inhibits the desensitization of AMPA-type receptors; structure. cyclothiazide : 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted at positions 3, 5 and 6 by a 2-norbornen-5-yl group, chlorine, and a sulfonamide group, respectively. A thiazide diuretic, it has been used in the management of hypertension and oedema.		210benzothiadiazineantihypertensive agent;
diuretic
cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia.		10.11615piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
gastrointestinal drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cystamine
[no description available]		1.9510organic disulfide;
primary amino compound		EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor
danthron
danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8.		3.5320dihydroxyanthraquinoneapoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
dantrolene
Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.		3.0610hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione		muscle relaxant;
neuroprotective agent;
ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapsone
[no description available]		10.97140substituted aniline;
sulfone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
leprostatic drug
decanoic acid
decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.		3.110medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
deferiprone
Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.		2104-pyridonesiron chelator;
protective agent
deferoxamine
Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.		4.140acyclic desferrioxaminebacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator;
siderophore
desipramine
Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.		8.5471dibenzoazepine;
secondary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug allergen;
EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nordazepam
Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.. nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety.		3.39701,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
sedative
amphetamine
Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.		6.73330primary amine
eflornithine
Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.		2.0510alpha-amino acid;
fluoroamino acid		trypanocidal drug
diazepam
Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.		11.2185111,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
sedative;
xenobiotic
diazinon
Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.		7.5220organic thiophosphate;
pyrimidines		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
nematicide;
xenobiotic
diazoxide
Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.		4.6380benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
diuretic;
K-ATP channel agonist;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasodilator agent
dibucaine
Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.		3.4780aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		topical anaesthetic
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		5.35170amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.		2.0110chlorophenylethylene;
monochlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		2.8640benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide
Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.		3.2310dichlorobenzene;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor;
ophthalmology drug
dichlorvos
Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.		7.8940alkenyl phosphate;
dialkyl phosphate;
organochlorine acaricide;
organophosphate insecticide		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dicyclomine
Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.		4.7250carboxylic ester;
tertiary amine		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
diethylcarbamazine
Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.		9.7271N-carbamoylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.		3.2310pentacarboxylic acidcopper chelator
diphenidol
diphenidol: shows anti-arrhythmic activity; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. diphenidol : A tertiary alcohol that is butan-1-ol substituted by two phenyl groups at position 1 and a piperidin-1-yl group at position 4.		2.6830benzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		antiemetic
diflunisal
Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.		5.43110monohydroxybenzoic acid;
organofluorine compound		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dilazep
Dilazep: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic activity.. dilazep : A member of the class of diazepanes that is 1,4-diazepane substituted by 3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)oxy]propyl groups at positions 1 and 4. It is a potent adenosine uptake inhibitor that exhibits antiplatelet, antianginal and vasodilator properties.		2.730benzoate ester;
diazepane;
diester;
methoxybenzenes		cardioprotective agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
dilacor xr
5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate : A lactam that is 2,3-dihydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-4(5H)-one in which positions 2 and 3 are substituted by 4-methoxyphenyl and acetoxy, respectively, while the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group.		2.0610acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
benzothiazepine;
lactam;
tertiary amino compound
dimaprit
Dimaprit: A histamine H2 receptor agonist that is often used to study the activity of histamine and its receptors.		4.28190imidothiocarbamic ester
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.		3.9540dithiol;
primary alcohol		chelator
diphenylpyraline
diphenylpyraline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. allergen : A chemical compound, or part thereof, which causes the onset of an allergic reaction by interacting with any of the molecular pathways involved in an allergy.. diphenylpyraline : A member of the class of piperidines that is the benzhydryl ether derivative of 1-methyl-4-hydroxypiperidine. A sedating antihistamine, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and hay fever, and in pruritic skin disorders. It is also used as the teoclate salt (piprinhydrinate) as an ingredient in compound preparations for the symptomatic relief of coughs and the common cold.		2.6730piperidines;
tertiary amine		cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist
dipyridamole
Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.		4.3360piperidines;
pyrimidopyrimidine;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
disopyramide
Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.		5.21150monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
disulfiram
[no description available]		9.2850organic disulfide;
organosulfur acaricide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
fungicide;
NF-kappaB inhibitor
diuron
Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.15103-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea;
dichlorobenzene		environmental contaminant;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
photosystem-II inhibitor;
urea herbicide;
xenobiotic
valproic acid
Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.		14.03193branched-chain fatty acid;
branched-chain saturated fatty acid		anticonvulsant;
antimanic drug;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent
racemetirosine
alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)		4.9933
domperidone
Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.		4.21170benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil
Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.		9.7990aromatic ether;
indanones;
piperidines;
racemate		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nootropic agent
doxapram
Doxapram: A central respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p1225). doxapram : A member of the class of pyrrolidin-2-ones that is N-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one in which both of the hydrogens at the 3 position (adjacent to the carbonyl group) are substituted by phenyl groups, and one of the hydrogens at the 4 position is substituted by a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant with a brief duration of action, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride or the hydrochloride hydrate) as a temporary treatment of acute respiratory failure, particularly when superimposed on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and of postoperative respiratory depression. It has also been used for treatment of postoperative shivering.		3.7930morpholines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones		central nervous system stimulant
doxazosin
Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.2450aromatic amine;
benzodioxine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent;
vasodilator agent
doxepin
Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.		11.55236dibenzooxepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
doxylamine
Doxylamine: Histamine H1 antagonist with pronounced sedative properties. It is used in allergies and as an antitussive, antiemetic, and hypnotic. Doxylamine has also been administered in veterinary applications and was formerly used in PARKINSONISM.		7.17190pyridines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antitussive;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
sedative
cycloadiphenine
cycloadiphenine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3920benzenes
droperidol
Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon.		8.52212aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound		anaesthesia adjuvant;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
dyclonine
[no description available]		4.131aromatic ketone;
piperidines		topical anaesthetic
dyphylline
Dyphylline: A THEOPHYLLINE derivative with broncho- and vasodilator properties. It is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis.. dyphylline : An oxopurine that is theophylline bearing a 2,3-dihydroxypropyl group at the 7 position. It has broncho- and vasodilator properties, and is used in the treatment of asthma, cardiac dyspnea, and bronchitis. It is also an ingredient in preparations that have been promoted for coughs.		4.0640oxopurine;
propane-1,2-diols		bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
e 4031
E 4031: class III anti-arrhythmia agent; structure given in UD		3.1450sulfonamide
ebastine
[no description available]		4.3141organic molecular entity
econazole
Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.		2.7330dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes
edrophonium
Edrophonium: A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.. edrophonium : A quaternary ammonium ion that is N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylanilinium in which one of the meta positions is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is a reversible inhibitor of cholinesterase, with a rapid onset (30-60 seconds after injection) but a short duration of action (5-15 minutes). The chloride salt is used in myasthenia gravis both diagnostically and to distinguish between under- or over-treatment with other anticholinesterases. It has also been used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade in anaesthesia, and for the management of poisoning due to tetrodotoxin, a neuromuscular blocking toxin found in puffer fish and other marine animals.		3.4820phenols;
quaternary ammonium ion		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
emedastine
emedastine: structure given in first source. emedastine : 1-Methyl-1,4-diazepane in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 4 is substituted by a 1-(2-ethoxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl group. A relatively selective histamine H1 antagonist, it is used as the difumatate salt for allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and pruritic skin disorders, and in eyedrops for the symptomatic relief of allergic conjuntivitis.		2.420benzimidazolesanti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		3.5320trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
enflurane
Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.		2.420ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		anaesthetic
enoxacin
Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea.		4.41601,8-naphthyridine derivative;
amino acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
epinastine
epinastine: RN given refers parent cpd. epinastine : A benzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,e]azepine in which the azepine ring is fused to the e side of 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine.		3.2760benzazepine;
guanidines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
ophthalmology drug
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.		2.8840
estazolam
Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.		4.4130triazoles;
triazolobenzodiazepine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator
etazolate
Etazolate: A potent phosphodiesterase inhibitor proposed as an antipsychotic agent.. etazolate : A pyrazolopyridine that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 5 by ethyl, 2-isopropylidenehydrazino, and ethoxycarbonyl groups, respectively. A phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor with antidepressant and anxiolytic properties.		1.9610ethyl ester;
hydrazone;
pyrazolopyridine		alpha-secretase activator;
antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA agent;
neuroprotective agent;
phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
ethacrynic acid
Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.		5.2390aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
loop diuretic
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		9.92390ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
ethinamate
ethinamate: short duration hypnotic with fast onset & relatively low toxicity; may cause dependence; minor descriptor (76-85); on-line & Index Medicus search CARBAMATES (76-85). ethinamate : A carbamate ester that is the 1-vinylcyclohexyl ester of carbamic acid. A short-acting sedative-hypnotic, it was formerly used to treat insomnia.		6.9310carbamate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		sedative
profenamine
profenamine: was heading 1972-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINES 1972-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search ETHOPROPAZINE 1972-94. profenamine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is phenothiazine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)propyl group. An antimuscarinic, it is used as the hydrochloride for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease.		1.9210phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic antagonist;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
ethosuximide
Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.		3.7830dicarboximide;
pyrrolidinone		anticonvulsant;
geroprotector;
T-type calcium channel blocker
ethotoin
ethotoin: was heading 1966-94 (see under HYDANTOINS 1966-90); use HYDANTOINS to search ETHOTOIN 1966-94. ethotoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted by ethyl and phenyl at positions 3 and 5, respectively. An antiepileptic, it is less toxic than phenytoin but also less effective.		3.2310imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
ethoxzolamide
Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.		2.0510aromatic ether;
benzothiazoles;
sulfonamide		antiglaucoma drug;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
etidronate
Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.		3.87301,1-bis(phosphonic acid)antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
chelator
etilefrine
Etilefrine: A phenylephrine-related beta-1 adrenergic and alpha adrenergic agonist used as a cardiotonic and antihypotensive agent.		2.7230phenols
etodolac
Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.		4.5470monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
brl 42810
[no description available]		3.85302-aminopurines;
acetate ester		antiviral drug;
prodrug
famotidine
Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.		8.922531,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
felbamate
Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy.		4.0940carbamate esteranticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent
felodipine
Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.7390dichlorobenzene;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
fendiline
Fendiline: Coronary vasodilator; inhibits calcium function in muscle cells in excitation-contraction coupling; proposed as antiarrhythmic and antianginal agents.		2.7630diarylmethane
fenfluramine
Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.6630(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
secondary amino compound		appetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate
Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE		4.4360aromatic ether;
chlorobenzophenone;
isopropyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
fenoldopam
Fenoldopam: A dopamine D1 receptor agonist that is used as an antihypertensive agent. It lowers blood pressure through arteriolar vasodilation.		3.2310benzazepinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
fenoprofen
Fenoprofen: A propionic acid derivative that is used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.. fenoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 3-phenoxyphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, the dihydrate form of the calcium salt is used for the management of mild to moderate pain and for the relief of pain and inflammation associated with disorders such as arthritis. It is pharmacologically similar to aspirin, but causes less gastrointestinal bleeding.		4.7750monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
berotek
Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.		440resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
fenspiride
fenspiride: was heading 1975-94 (see under SPIRO COMPOUNDS 1975-90); use SPIRO COMPOUNDS to search FENSPIRIDE 1975-94; bronchodilator agent used in asthma		2.4220azaspiro compound
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		15.66244anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
fenthion
Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities.		2.3920organic thiophosphateacaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
fexofenadine
fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound.		9.04226piperidines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
fipexide
fipexide: regulates dopaminergic systems at macromolecular level		4.140benzodioxoles
flavoxate
Flavoxate: A drug that has been used in various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic. Its therapeutic usefulness and its mechanism of action are not clear. It may have local anesthetic activity and direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle as well as some activity as a muscarinic antagonist.. flavoxate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of 3-methylflavone-8-carboxylic acid with 2-(1-piperidinyl)ethanol.		3.8630carboxylic ester;
flavones;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
flecainide
Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).		5.22150aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug
fleroxacin
Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.		2.9540difluorobenzene;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
quinolines		antibacterial drug;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
fluconazole
Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.		5.21150conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		environmental contaminant;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		4.3960aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
flufenamic acid
Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders.		3.3670aromatic amino acid;
organofluorine compound		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluphenazine
[no description available]		10.68150N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		anticoronaviral agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flumazenil
Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.		5.58130ethyl ester;
imidazobenzodiazepine;
organofluorine compound		antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning;
GABA antagonist
flumequine
flumequine: structure. flumequine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-flumequine. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, formerly used in veterinary medicine for stock breeding and treatment of aquacultures.. 9-fluoro-5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline carrying additional carboxy, methyl and fluoro substituents at positions 2, 5 and 9 respectively.		2.74303-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
pyridoquinoline;
quinolone antibiotic
flunitrazepam
Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.		4.48511,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound;
monofluorobenzenes		anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
fluorescite
fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.		4.7550benzoic acids;
cyclic ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
phenols;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		6.28111nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
fluoxetine
Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.		8.52253(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound
fluphenazine depot
fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.		2.6830decanoate ester;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
prodrug
flurazepam
Flurazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used mainly as a hypnotic.. flurazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group and chloro group at positions 1, 5 and 7, respectively. It is a partial agonist of GABAA receptors and used for the treatment of insomnia.		10.83711,4-benzodiazepinone;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABAA receptor agonist;
sedative
flurbiprofen
Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.		4.7690fluorobiphenyl;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluspirilene
Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.		2.4720diarylmethane
flutamide
Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.		4.6680(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
fomepizole
Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4.		3.5920pyrazolesantidote;
EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
protective agent
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		3.8530carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
furafylline
[no description available]		2.4620oxopurine
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		7.57251chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
gabapentin
Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.		12.93133gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
gabexate
Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.		6.9510benzoate ester
vanoxerine
vanoxerine: structure given in first source. vanoxerine : An N-alkylpiperazine that consists of piperazine bearing 2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl and 3-phenylpropyl groups at positions 1 and 4 respectively. Potent, competitive inhibitor of dopamine uptake (Ki = 1 nM for inhibition of striatal dopamine uptake). Has > 100-fold lower affinity for the noradrenalin and 5-HT uptake carriers. Also a potent sigma ligand (IC50 = 48 nM). Centrally active following systemic administration.		2.4320ether;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		dopamine uptake inhibitor
gemfibrozil
[no description available]		4.5370aromatic etherantilipemic drug
gentamicin
Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.		2.3920
glafenine
Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market.		4.0940aminoquinoline;
carboxylic ester;
glycol;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gliclazide
Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.		2.0510N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
radical scavenger
glimepiride
glimepiride: structure given in first source		4.5570sulfonamide
glipizide
Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.5370aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-sulfonylurea;
pyrazines		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue
glutethimide
Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.		7.1192piperidines
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		4.93110monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid (1,1-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidin-1-iumyl) ester
[no description available]		3.2310benzenes
gossypol
Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer.		2.0510
granisetron
[no description available]		4.460aromatic amide;
indazoles
guaiazulene
guaiazulene: structure		2.0510sesquiterpene
guaifenesin
Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.		8.88245methoxybenzenes
guanethidine
Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.		4.6790azocanes;
guanidines		adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
sympatholytic agent
guanfacine
Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.		4.0840acetamides
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		3.5520carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
fasudil
fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia.		2.0510isoquinolines;
N-sulfonyldiazepane		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
nootropic agent;
vasodilator agent
haloperidol
Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.		10.23822aromatic ketone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
halothane
[no description available]		3.3470haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
harmaline
Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.		2.910harmala alkaloidoneirogen
heptaminol
Heptaminol: An amino alcohol that has been used as a myocardial stimulant and vasodilator and to relieve bronchospasm. Its most common therapeutic use is in orthostatic hypotension. The mechanism of heptaminol's therapeutic actions is not well understood although it has been suggested to affect catecholamine release or calcium metabolism.		2.0710tertiary alcohol
hexachlorophene
Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.		2.0510bridged diphenyl fungicide;
polyphenol;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agrochemical;
antiseptic drug
miltefosine
miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine.		2.4620phosphocholines;
phospholipid		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
apoptosis inducer;
immunomodulator;
protein kinase inhibitor
hexamethonium
Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.		8.2160quaternary ammonium salt
hexestrol
[no description available]		2.3920stilbenoid
hexetidine
Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)		2.0510organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
hexobarbital
Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.		4.93120barbiturates
alpha-methylhistamine
alpha-methylhistamine: a histamine H3 receptor agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.		2.730aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		animal metabolite;
H3-receptor agonist
hycanthone
Hycanthone: Potentially toxic, but effective antischistosomal agent, it is a metabolite of LUCANTHONE.. hycanthone : A thioxanthen-9-one compound having a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 1-position and a 2-[(diethylamino)ethyl]amino substituent at the 4-position. It was formerly used (particularly as the monomethanesulfonic acid salt) as a schistosomicide for individual or mass treatement of infection with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni, but due to its toxicity and concern about possible carcinogenicity, it has been replaced by other drugs such as praziquantel.		2.0710thioxanthenesmutagen;
schistosomicide drug
hydralazine
Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.		4.570azaarene;
hydrazines;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
phthalazines		antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.3660benzothiadiazine;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
hydroflumethiazide
Hydroflumethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p822). hydroflumethiazide : A benzothiadiazine consisting of a 3,4-dihydro-HH-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine bicyclic system dioxygenated on sulfur and carrying trifluoromethyl and aminosulfonyl groups at positions 6 and 7 respectively. A diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of hydrochlorothiazide.		3.8630benzothiadiazine;
thiazide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.		3.8930aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		4.7390one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine
Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.		11.71488hydroxyether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine		anticoronaviral agent;
antipruritic drug;
anxiolytic drug;
dermatologic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
hypericin
[no description available]		2.0410
ibuprofen
Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine		6.69420monocarboxylic acidantipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
radical scavenger;
xenobiotic
phenelzine
Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.		4.4670primary amine
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		15.059020benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
mephentermine
Mephentermine: A sympathomimetic agent with specificity for alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It is used to maintain BLOOD PRESSURE in hypotensive states such as following SPINAL ANESTHESIA.		2.110amphetamines
alverine
alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.		2.4520tertiary amineantispasmodic drug
ici 118551
[no description available]		1.9610indanes
idebenone
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
primary alcohol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor
ifenprodil
ifenprodil: NMDA receptor antagonist		2.0610piperidines
ifosfamide
[no description available]		5.9271ifosfamidesalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
imetit
imetit: structure given in first source. imetit : An imidothiocarbamic ester that consists of isothiourea in which the thiol hydrogen is substituted by a 2-(imidazol-4-yl)ethyl group. An extremely potent, high affinity agonist at H3 and H4 receptors (Ki values are 0.3 and 2.7 nM respectively). Induces shape change in eosinophils with an EC50 of 25 nM. Centrally active following systemic administration.		210imidazoles;
imidothiocarbamic ester		H3-receptor agonist;
H4-receptor agonist
imipramine
Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.		7.79740dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone
Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.5270bipyridinesEC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
indapamide
Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.		3.8630indoles;
organochlorine compound;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		9.87824aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
iodixanol
iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography.		2.9440organoiodine compoundradioopaque medium
iohexol
Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.		5.9981benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iomeprol
iomeprol: structure given in first source. iomeprol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a glycoloyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.		1.9910benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iopromide
iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration.		2.9640dicarboxylic acid diamide;
organoiodine compound		environmental contaminant;
nephrotoxic agent;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
iothalamic acid
Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.		2.6530organic molecular entity
iodipamide
Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.		7.8740benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound;
secondary carboxamide		radioopaque medium
ioversol
[no description available]		3.2310amidobenzoic acid
ioxaglate
Ioxaglic Acid: A low-osmolar, ionic contrast medium used in various radiographic procedures.. ioxaglic acid : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an acetyl(methyl)amino group at the 5-position.		1.9710benzenedicarboxamide;
benzoic acids;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
ipriflavone
ipriflavone : A member of the class of isoflavones that is isoflavone in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by an isopropoxy group. A synthetic isoflavone, it was formerly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, although a randomised controlled study failed to show any benefit. It is still used to prevent osteoporosis in post-menopausal women.		2.1510aromatic ether;
isoflavones		bone density conservation agent
iproniazid
[no description available]		4.87110carbohydrazide;
pyridines
avapro
Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.		4.2550azaspiro compound;
biphenylyltetrazole		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.		2.69303-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isocarboxazid
Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)		4.4470benzenes
isoetharine
Isoetharine: Adrenergic beta-2 agonist used as bronchodilator for emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.		1.9610catecholamine
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		3.8821organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		4.98120carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
2-propanol
2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.7130secondary alcohol;
secondary fatty alcohol		protic solvent
propyphenazone
propyphenazone: structure. propyphenazone : A pyrazolone derivative that is antipyrine substituted at C-4 by an isopropyl group.		3.821pyrazolonenon-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		11.37540catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
isoxsuprine
Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor.		3.8930alkylbenzene
isradipine
Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.		4.460benzoxadiazole;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester
itraconazole
[no description available]		4.6480piperazines
ketamine
Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.		6.28111cyclohexanones;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
ketanserin
Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.		4.17170aromatic ketone;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
cardiovascular drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole
1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.		5.08130dichlorobenzene;
dioxolane;
ether;
imidazoles;
N-acylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen
Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.		5.59130benzophenones;
oxo monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
ketorolac
Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively.		10.33164amino acid;
aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrrolizines;
racemate		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketotifen
Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.		7.8182cyclic ketone;
olefinic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist
khellin
Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.		3.0450furanochromone;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
oxacycle		anti-asthmatic agent;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		1.9810monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		6.05150benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
lamotrigine
[no description available]		5.951301,2,4-triazines;
dichlorobenzene;
primary arylamine		anticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
antimanic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
geroprotector;
non-narcotic analgesic;
xenobiotic
lansoprazole
Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.		4.7590benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
beta-lapachone
beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities.		2.0510benzochromenone;
orthoquinones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
lauric acid
dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.		3.110medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite
leflunomide
Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide.		4.2650(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
antiparasitic agent;
EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
letrozole
[no description available]		4.0740nitrile;
triazoles		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
tetramisole
6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole : An imidazothiazole that is imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole in which the double bonds at the 2-3 and 5-6 positions have been reduced to single bonds and in which one of the hydrogens at position 6 is replaced by a phenyl group.. tetramisole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levamisole and dexamisole.		1.9710imidazothiazoleenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
nordefrin
Nordefrin: A norepinephrine derivative used as a vasoconstrictor agent.		1.9510catecholamine
lidoflazine
Lidoflazine: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic action.		2.4420diarylmethane
linopirdine
linopirdine: acetylcholine releasing drug		2.0410indoles
lofepramine
Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.		2.7230aromatic ketone;
dibenzoazepine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant
lomefloxacin
lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.		4.2550fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
photosensitizing agent
lomustine
[no description available]		3.5920N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
loperamide
Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.		5.01120monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antidiarrhoeal drug;
mu-opioid receptor agonist
loratadine
Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.		10.274112benzocycloheptapyridine;
ethyl ester;
N-acylpiperidine;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist
lorazepam
Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.		12.375317benzodiazepine
losartan
Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position		5.2790biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
loxapine
Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA.		4.5840dibenzooxazepineantipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
mabuterol
mabuterol: structure given in first source		210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		2.0510diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate
diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source		2.0510isopropyl ester
maprotiline
Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.		7.58161anthracenes
mazindol
Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.		5.4341organic molecular entity
mebendazole
Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.		4.7690aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester		antinematodal drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
mebeverine
mebeverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410methoxybenzoic acid
mecamylamine
Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.		4.6790primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.		3.7530nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent
meclizine
Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness.		6.11170diarylmethane
meclofenamic acid
Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		3.8230aminobenzoic acid;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
meclofenoxate
Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid
mefenamic acid
Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.7290aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		analgesic;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
mefloquine hydrochloride
[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.		3.1250organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinolines;
secondary alcohol
memantine
[no description available]		3.930adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		antidepressant;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist
vitamin k 3
Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.		2.05101,4-naphthoquinones;
vitamin K		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
human urinary metabolite;
nutraceutical
mepenzolate
mepenzolic acid: anticholinergic, antispasmodic agent; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.2310diarylmethane
meperidine
Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain.		16.41503ethyl ester;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
mephenesin
Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.		4.860aromatic ether;
glycerol ether
mephenytoin
Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.		3.8730imidazolidine-2,4-dioneanticonvulsant
mepivacaine
Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic.		5.32100piperidinecarboxamidedrug allergen;
local anaesthetic
meprobamate
Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)		9.87342organic molecular entity
benzoic acid [2-methyl-2-(propylamino)propyl] ester
[no description available]		2.420benzoate ester
mequitazine
mequitazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.6730phenothiazines
mesalamine
Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.		4.7450amino acid;
aromatic amine;
monocarboxylic acid;
monohydroxybenzoic acid;
phenols		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mescaline
Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.		3.0450methoxybenzenes;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
primary amino compound		hallucinogen
mesoridazine
Mesoridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with effects similar to CHLORPROMAZINE.. mesoridazine : A phenothiazine substituted at position 2 (para to the S atom) by a methylsulfinyl group, and on the nitrogen by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group.		4.5370phenothiazines;
sulfoxide;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
metaproterenol
Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.		4.2350aralkylamino compound;
phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metformin
Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.		4.4160guanidinesenvironmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
xenobiotic
methacrylic acid
methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.		2.0510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone
Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.		10.93340benzenes;
diarylmethane;
ketone;
tertiary amino compound
methantheline
Methantheline: A quaternary ammonium compound that acts as an antimuscarinic agent. It has been used in the treatment of PEPTIC ULCER, in gastrointestinal disorders associated with smooth muscle spasm, and in the management of urinary incontinence, and may also be used for the treatment of HYPERHIDROSIS.		1.9310xanthenes
methapyrilene
Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.		9.4551ethylenediamine derivativeanti-allergic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative
methazolamide
Methazolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.		3.2310sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles
methocarbamol
Methocarbamol: A centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1206). methocarbamol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-methocarbamol. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as an adjunct in the short-term symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. The (R)-enantiomer is more active than the (S)-enantiomer.. 2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl carbamate : A carbamate ester that is glycerol in which one of the primary alcohol groups has been converted to its 2-methoxyphenyl ether while the other has been converted to the corresponding carbamate ester.		10.3941aromatic ether;
carbamate ester;
secondary alcohol
methoxsalen
Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.		3.7830aromatic ether;
psoralens		antineoplastic agent;
cross-linking reagent;
dermatologic drug;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
methoxyflurane
Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.		2.3820ether;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		hepatotoxic agent;
inhalation anaesthetic;
nephrotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic
methoxyphenamine
methoxyphenamine: structure. methoxyphenamine : An amphetamine methylated on nitrogen and with the phenyl ring methoxylated at C-2. A beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, it is used as a bronchodilator.		7.3920amphetaminesbeta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent
methyclothiazide
Methyclothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p825)		3.2310benzothiadiazine
nocodazole
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone;
benzimidazoles;
carbamate ester;
thiophenes		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
tubulin modulator
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.7530benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
3-Hydroxy-alpha-methyl-DL-tyrosine
[no description available]		2.110benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
methylphenidate
Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.		13.17192beta-amino acid ester;
methyl ester;
piperidines
methyprylon
methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94		2.0510organic molecular entity
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		16.8611653benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metolazone
Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.		4.0640organochlorine compound;
quinazolines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		7.88223aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
metronidazole
Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.		5120C-nitro compound;
imidazoles;
primary alcohol		antiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
antiparasitic agent;
antitrichomonal drug;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
metyrapone
Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.		3.8730aromatic ketoneantimetabolite;
diagnostic agent;
EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine
Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.		5.73150aromatic ether;
primary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin
Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.		3.2460dibenzoazepineadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine agonist;
sedative;
serotonergic antagonist
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		2.9640dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
midazolam
Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.		11.73329imidazobenzodiazepine;
monofluorobenzenes;
organochlorine compound		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
central nervous system depressant;
GABAA receptor agonist;
general anaesthetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
midodrine
Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine.		3.620amino acid amide;
aromatic ether;
secondary alcohol		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
milrinone
[no description available]		4.2450bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
minoxidil
Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.		4.2750dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
mirtazapine
Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.		4.86100benzazepine;
tetracyclic antidepressant		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
oneirogen;
serotonergic antagonist
mitotane
Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.		3.5920diarylmethane
mitoxantrone
Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.		4.9160dihydroxyanthraquinoneanalgesic;
antineoplastic agent
moclobemide
Moclobemide: A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.. moclobemide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a chloro group at position 4 and a 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl group at the nitrogen atom. It acts as a reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor and is used in the treatment of depression.		3.1450benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
morpholines		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
modafinil
Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group.		10.8261monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfoxide
moxisylyte
Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312)		3.8730monoterpenoid
muscimol
Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.		2.6630alkaloid;
isoxazoles;
primary amino compound		fungal metabolite;
GABA agonist;
oneirogen;
psychotropic drug
deet
N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.		2.9140benzamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		environmental contaminant;
insect repellent;
xenobiotic
n-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide
N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110naphthalenes;
sulfonic acid derivative
acecainide
Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.. N-acetylprocainamide : A benzamide obtained via formal condensation of 4-acetamidobenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethylamine.		2.9540acetamides;
benzamides		anti-arrhythmia drug
ethylmaleimide
Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.		2.3520maleimidesanticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
n-methylephedrine
N-methylephedrine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.5220amphetamines
fenamic acid
fenamic acid: has chloride and potassium channel-blocking activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. fenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is the N-phenyl derivative of anthranilic acid. It acts as a parent skeleton for the synthesis of several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		1.9910aminobenzoic acid;
secondary amino compound		membrane transport modulator
apnea
Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		3.0450purine nucleoside
nabumetone
Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.		3.8430methoxynaphthalene;
methyl ketone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
nadolol
[no description available]		3.5920tetralins
nalidixic acid
[no description available]		4.09401,8-naphthyridine derivative;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
naphazoline
Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.		5.8271naphthalenes
naratriptan
naratriptan: structure given in first source		4.0740heteroarylpiperidine;
sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
nefazodone
nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct		5.09130aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazoles		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nefopam
Nefopam: Non-narcotic analgesic chemically similar to ORPHENADRINE. Its mechanism of action is unclear. It is used for the relief of acute and chronic pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p26). nefopam : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-nefopam. The hydrochloride is a centrally acting non-opiate analgesic commonly used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain.. 5-methyl-1-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine : A member of the class of benzoxazocines that is 3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-2,5-benzoxazocine substituted by phenyl and methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 respectively.		4.6461benzoxazocine;
tertiary amino compound
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		3.9130quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.94110cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nialamide
Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.		5.5290organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		4.92110benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
niceritrol
Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions.		2.0510organic molecular entity
nifedipine
Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.		5.53210C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester		calcium channel blocker;
human metabolite;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent
niflumic acid
Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.		2.0510aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
nilutamide
[no description available]		3.8730(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
imidazolidinone		androgen antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
nilvadipine
[no description available]		210dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester;
methyl ester;
nitrile
nimesulide
nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.		4.4360aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine
Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.		4.941102-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
isopropyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
nisoldipine
Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.		4.7490C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester
nitrazepam
Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome).		5.721121,4-benzodiazepinone;
C-nitro compound		anticonvulsant;
antispasmodic drug;
drug metabolite;
GABA modulator;
sedative
nitrendipine
Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.		3.9120C-nitro compound;
dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester;
methyl ester		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin
Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.		4.4670nitroglycerolexplosive;
muscle relaxant;
nitric oxide donor;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
nizatidine
[no description available]		4.831001,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound;
carboxamidine;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
cholinergic drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
nomifensine
Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.		4.5370isoquinolinesdopamine uptake inhibitor
masoprocol
nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata)		2.0510catechols;
lignan;
tetrol		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite
norfloxacin
Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.		4.6680fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
norfluoxetine
norfluoxetine: metabolite of fluoxetine; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.8730(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
nortriptyline
Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.		7.67281organic tricyclic compound;
secondary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
drug metabolite
octopamine
Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.		2.3520phenylethanolamines;
tyramines		neurotransmitter
ofloxacin
Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.		5.271603-oxo monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole
Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.		5.13140aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide
ondansetron
Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.		11.383214carbazoles
orphenadrine
Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.		5.88330ether;
tertiary amino compound		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
parasympatholytic
oxamniquine
Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively.		2.0510aromatic primary alcohol;
C-nitro compound;
quinolines;
secondary amino compound
oxaprozin
Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.		4.05401,3-oxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid		analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
oxatomide
oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.		9.8242benzimidazoles;
diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam
Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.		8.251541,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		anxiolytic drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
oxethazaine
[no description available]		2.420amino acid amide
oxidopamine
Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).		2.420benzenetriol;
catecholamine;
primary amino compound		drug metabolite;
human metabolite;
neurotoxin
oxiracetam
oxiracetam: structure in first source		2.0410organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
oxotremorine
Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.		2.110N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol
Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.		3.2960aromatic ether
oxybenzone
oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.		2.0510hydroxybenzophenone;
monomethoxybenzene		dermatologic drug;
environmental contaminant;
protective agent;
ultraviolet filter;
xenobiotic
benoxinate
benoxinate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. oxybuprocaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-amino-3-butoxybenzoic acid and 2-(diethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; an ester-based local anaesthetic (ester "caine") used especially in ophthalmology and otolaryngology.		2.420amino acid ester;
benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
topical anaesthetic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		6.25101acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
oxymetazoline
Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.		3.7830carboxamidine;
imidazolines;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
nasal decongestant;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
oxyphenbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		4.3260phenols;
pyrazolidines		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
drug metabolite;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite
oxyphencyclimine
oxyphencyclimine: minor descriptor (65-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PYRIMIDINES (65-85); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410monocarboxylic acid
aminosalicylic acid
Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.		5.1380aminobenzoic acid;
phenols		antitubercular agent
fenclonine
Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.		2.8740phenylalanine derivative
pamidronate
[no description available]		3.8630phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole
Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.		4.2550aromatic ether;
benzimidazoles;
organofluorine compound;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
papaverine
Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.		6.14430benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
dimethoxybenzene;
isoquinolines		antispasmodic drug;
vasodilator agent
4-chlorophenol
4-chlorophenol: used as a root canal irrigant. 4-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol substituted at the pare position by a chlorine atom.		2.0210monochlorophenol
pargyline
Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.		3.0450aromatic amine
pemoline
Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity.		4.03401,3-oxazolescentral nervous system stimulant
pentamidine
Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.		4.2250aromatic ether;
carboxamidine;
diether		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
calmodulin antagonist;
chemokine receptor 5 antagonist;
EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor;
trypanocidal drug;
xenobiotic
pentobarbital
Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		9.3334barbituratesGABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline
[no description available]		6.2101oxopurine
perazine
Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position.		2.3820N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
perhexiline
Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.		4.6680piperidinescardiovascular drug
periciazine
periciazine: was heading 1963-94 (Prov 1963-72); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PROPERICIAZINE 1966-94. periciazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)propyl group at the nitrogen atom and a carbonitrile group at position 2. Periciazine is a first generation antipsychotic.		3.0340hydroxypiperidine;
nitrile;
phenothiazines		adrenergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
sedative
perphenazine
Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.		12.45231N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin
Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione		8.83120acetamides;
aromatic ether		cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
phenazopyridine
Phenazopyridine: A local anesthetic that has been used in urinary tract disorders. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.. phenazopyridine : A diaminopyridine that is 2,6-diaminopyridine substituted at position 3 by a phenylazo group. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.7230diaminopyridine;
monoazo compound		anticoronaviral agent;
carcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
pheniramine
Pheniramine: One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus.		11.25200pyridines;
tertiary amino compound
phenmetrazine
Phenmetrazine: A sympathomimetic drug used primarily as an appetite depressant. Its actions and mechanisms are similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. phenmetrazine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted with a phenyl group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 3.		2.3520morpholinesmetabolite;
sympathomimetic agent
phenobarbital
Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		7.12490barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
excitatory amino acid antagonist;
sedative
phenolphthalein
Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.		3.8130phenols
phenolsulfonphthalein
Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.		3.76302,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
phenols;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
diagnostic agent;
two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine
Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.		6.21460aromatic amine
phentermine
Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.		3.8730primary amineadrenergic agent;
appetite depressant;
central nervous system drug;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopaminergic agent;
sympathomimetic agent
4-phenylbutyric acid
4-phenylbutyric acid: RN refers to the parent cpd. 4-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid the structure of which is that of butyric acid substituted with a phenyl group at C-4. It is a histone deacetylase inhibitor that displays anticancer activity. It inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration and induces apoptosis in glioma cells. It also inhibits protein isoprenylation, depletes plasma glutamine, increases production of foetal haemoglobin through transcriptional activation of the gamma-globin gene and affects hPPARgamma activation.		3.2310monocarboxylic acidantineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
prodrug
phenylbutazone
Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.		6.36320pyrazolidinesantirheumatic drug;
EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
moxonidine
moxonidine: structure given in first source		2.7430organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
pilsicainide
pilsicainide: structure given in first source. pilsicainide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline with the carboxy group of (tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolizin-7a(5H)-yl)acetic acid. It is a sodium channel blocker which is used as an antiarrhythmic drug for the management of atrial tachyarrhythmias in Japan.		2.0610organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary carboxamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
pimethixene
pimethixene: structure		2.0410thioxanthenes
pimobendan
pimobendan: produces arterial & venous dilatation in dogs; structure given in first source		2.0410benzimidazoles;
pyridazinone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
pinacidil
Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)		2.0510pyridines
pindolol
Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.		5.01120indoles;
secondary amine		antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
pioglitazone
Pioglitazone: A thiazolidinedione and PPAR GAMMA agonist that is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.. pioglitazone : A member of the class of thiazolidenediones that is 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by a benzyl group at position 5 which in turn is substituted by a 2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy group at position 4 of the phenyl ring. It exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.2850aromatic ether;
pyridines;
thiazolidinediones		antidepressant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin-sensitizing drug;
PPARgamma agonist;
xenobiotic
pipamperone
pipamperone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pipamperone : A member of the class of bipiperidines that is 1,4'-bipiperidine which is substituted at the 1' and 4' positions by 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl and carboxamide groups, respectively. A first generation antipsychotic, its properties are generally similar to those of haloperidol.		2.0410aromatic ketone;
bipiperidines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organofluorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
pipemidic acid
Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.		2.0510amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-arylpiperazine;
pyridopyrimidine;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
piperazine
[no description available]		2.4720azacycloalkane;
piperazines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		anthelminthic drug
piracetam
Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.		3.4511organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pirenzepine
Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.		3.150pyridobenzodiazepineanti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
piretanide
piretanide: potent inhibitor of chloride transport; structure		2.4520aromatic ether
piribedil
Piribedil: A dopamine D2 agonist. It is used in the treatment of parkinson disease, particularly for alleviation of tremor. It has also been used for circulatory disorders and in other applications as a D2 agonist.		2.1510N-arylpiperazine
polythiazide
[no description available]		3.2310benzothiadiazine
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		3.0550inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene-1-sulfonic acid
guaiacolsulfonic acid: elastomer used as dental impression material; mixture of the potassium salt of 4- & 5-guaiacolsulfonic acid; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzene-1-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is guaiacol sulfated at position 4. Commonly used (in the form of its potassium salt) as an expectorant.		2.0610arenesulfonic acid;
guaiacols		expectorant
potassium iodide
Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.		1.9810potassium saltexpectorant;
radical scavenger
practolol
Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.2260acetamides;
ethanolamines;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
duodote
duodote: consists of atropine and pralidoxime chloride; for treating those exposed to organophosphorus-containing nerve agents		3.2310pyridinium ionantidote to organophosphate poisoning;
antidote to sarin poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
cholinesterase reactivator
pramoxine
pramoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pramocaine : A member of the class of morpholines that is morpholine substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 3-(4-butoxyphenoxy)propyl group.		2.420aromatic ether;
morpholines		local anaesthetic
ono 1078
pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		2.420chromones
praziquantel
azinox: Russian drug		3.8230isoquinolines
prazosin
Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.		5.13140aromatic ether;
furans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperazines;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
pridinol
pridinol: antispasmodic & muscle relaxant; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7539. pridinol : A piperidine substituted at position 1 by a 3-hydroxy-3,3-diphenylpropyl group.		2.0410piperidines;
tertiary alcohol		antiparkinson drug;
muscle relaxant
prilocaine
Prilocaine: A local anesthetic that is similar pharmacologically to LIDOCAINE. Currently, it is used most often for infiltration anesthesia in dentistry.. prilocaine : An amino acid amide in which N-propyl-DL-alanine and 2-methylaniline have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		7.9240amino acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide		anticonvulsant;
local anaesthetic
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		4.7790aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
primidone
Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.		4.5370pyrimidoneanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
proadifen
Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.		3.0450diarylmethane
probenecid
Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.		5.88130benzoic acids;
sulfonamide		uricosuric drug
probucol
Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.		2.7330dithioketal;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory drug;
anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antioxidant;
cardiovascular drug
procainamide
Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		5.66250benzamidesanti-arrhythmia drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker
procaine
Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.		12.65491benzoate ester;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		central nervous system depressant;
drug allergen;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine
Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.		3.7930benzamides;
hydrazines		antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.		14.465618N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antiemetic;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic
procyclidine
Procyclidine: A muscarinic antagonist that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is used in the treatment of drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders and in parkinsonism.. procyclidine : A tertiary alcohol that consists of propan-1-ol substituted by a cyclohexyl and a phenyl group at position 1 and a pyrrolidin-1-yl group at position 3.		5.7561pyrrolidines;
tertiary alcohol		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
muscarinic antagonist
promazine
Promazine: A phenothiazine with actions similar to CHLORPROMAZINE but with less antipsychotic activity. It is primarily used in short-term treatment of disturbed behavior and as an antiemetic.. promazine : A phenothiazine deriative in which the phenothiazine tricycle has a 3-(dimethylaminopropyl) group at the N-10 position.		9.44230phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
promethazine
Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.		11.541405phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
sedative
prometone
prometone: structure. prometon : A methoxy-1,3,5-triazine that is 6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which the one of the hydrogens of each amino group is substituted by an isopropyl group.		2.1510diamino-1,3,5-triazine;
methoxy-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
pronethalol
pronethalol: was heading 1964-94 (Prov 1964-66); NAPHTHYLISOPROTERENOL was see PRONETHALOL 1977-94; use ETHANOLAMINES to search PRONETHALOL 1966-94		1.9310naphthalenes
propafenone
Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.		5.08130aromatic ketone;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug
propanil
Propanil: A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.. propanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat.		2.1510anilide;
dichlorobenzene		herbicide
propantheline
Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.		4.4570xanthenes
proxymetacaine
proxymetacaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9610benzoate ester
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		8.66151phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		9.451261naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
propyl gallate
Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.		3.110trihydroxybenzoic acid
protriptyline
Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.		4.570carbotricyclic compoundantidepressant
pyridinolcarbamate
Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408)		2.6730pyridines
pyridostigmine
[no description available]		4.0840pyridinium ion
pyrilamine
Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.		12.14690aromatic ether;
ethylenediamine derivative		H1-receptor antagonist
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		4.2550aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
pyrithyldione
pyrithyldione: structure		6.9910tetrahydropyridine
sch 16134
quazepam: structure given in first source		3.2310benzodiazepine
quetiapine
[no description available]		5.4370dibenzothiazepine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone
1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxy anthraquinone: structure in first source. quinalizarin : A tetrahydroxyanthraquinone having the four hydroxy groups at the 1-, 2-, 5- and 8-positions.		3.110tetrahydroxyanthraquinoneEC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
quipazine
Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.		1.9510piperazines;
pyridines
rabeprazole
Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.		3.8530benzimidazoles;
pyridines;
sulfoxide		anti-ulcer drug;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
raloxifene
raloxifene : A member of the class of 1-benzothiophenes that is 1-benzothiophene in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 3, and 6 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl, p-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethoxy]benzoyl, and hydroxy groups, respectively.		4.06401-benzothiophenes;
aromatic ketone;
N-oxyethylpiperidine;
phenols		bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
ranitidine
[no description available]		4.11150aralkylamine
opc 12759
rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase		2.4920secondary carboxamide
rilmazafone
rilmazafone: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0510benzophenones
riluzole
Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS.		4.2450benzothiazoles
rimantadine
Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza.		3.7730alkylamine
risperidone
Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.		12.562411,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
H1-receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin
Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.		2.4120organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
thiazolopyrimidine		antidepressant;
antipsychotic agent;
anxiolytic drug;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
serotonergic antagonist
rizatriptan
rizatriptan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to benzoate		4.0740tryptaminesanti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone
4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.		1.9610methoxybenzenes
rofecoxib
[no description available]		2.7430butenolide;
sulfone		analgesic;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
rolipram
[no description available]		2.3920pyrrolidin-2-onesantidepressant;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ropinirole
[no description available]		3.5720indolones;
tertiary amine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
dopamine agonist
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		2.38201,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
salicylamide
salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source		3.5320phenols;
salicylamides		antirheumatic drug;
non-narcotic analgesic
salicylsalicylic acid
salicylsalicylic acid: structure. salsalate : A dimeric benzoate ester obtained by intermolecular condensation between the carboxy of one molecule of salicylic acid with the phenol group of a second. It is a prodrug for salycylic acid that is used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and also shows activity against type II diabetes.		3.2310benzoate ester;
benzoic acids;
phenols;
salicylates		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
secobarbital
Secobarbital: A barbiturate that is used as a sedative. Secobarbital is reported to have no anti-anxiety activity.. secobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by prop-2-en-1-yl and pentan-2-yl groups.		7.56134barbituratesanaesthesia adjuvant;
GABA modulator;
sedative
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		4.1331ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
sibutramine
sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride		3.8630organochlorine compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-obesity agent;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
sulfadiazine
Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.		4.790pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
coccidiostat;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sodium fluoride
[no description available]		2.3620fluoride saltmutagen
risedronic acid
Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.		4.0840pyridines
sotalol
Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.		4.99120ethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
sulfonamide		anti-arrhythmia drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt
sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders.		2.0510organic sodium saltEC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
neuroprotective agent;
orphan drug;
prodrug
spiperone
Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.		2.6930aromatic ketone;
azaspiro compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
imatinib
[no description available]		4.0840aromatic amine;
benzamides;
N-methylpiperazine;
pyridines;
pyrimidines		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vorinostat
Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).		3.8630dicarboxylic acid diamide;
hydroxamic acid		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		4.1750quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
sulconazole
sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group.		2.0110dichlorobenzene;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes;
organic sulfide
sulfacetamide
Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.		2.0510N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
substituted aniline		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfadimethoxine
Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		4.0440aromatic ether;
pyrimidines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfamerazine
[no description available]		2.4620pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen
sulfameter
Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
leprostatic drug;
renal agent
sulfamethazine
Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.7730pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
ligand;
xenobiotic
sulfamethizole
Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2.		4.0140sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole
Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		8.71100isoxazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
epitope;
P450 inhibitor;
xenobiotic
sulfamethoxypyridazine
Sulfamethoxypyridazine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfamethoxypyridazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridazine having a methoxy substituent at the 6-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.		1.9410pyridazines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfanilamide
[no description available]		2.8640substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial agent;
drug allergen;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfaphenazole
Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent.		3.1650primary amino compound;
pyrazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor
sulfapyridine
Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		2.0510pyridines;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
dermatologic drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfasalazine
Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.		4.87100
sulfathiazole
Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.		4.59401,3-thiazoles;
substituted aniline;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent;
drug allergen;
EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sulfinpyrazone
Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.		4.4970pyrazolidines;
sulfoxide		uricosuric drug
sulfisomidine
Sulfisomidine: A sulfanilamide antibacterial agent.. sulfisomidine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position.		6.9610pyrimidines;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antiinfective agent
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		3.150isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
sulfobromophthalein
Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.		1.94102-benzofurans;
organobromine compound;
organosulfonic acid;
phenols		dye
2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol
[no description available]		4.0840alkylbenzene
sulpiride
Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.		3.5680benzamides;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfonamide		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist
sumatriptan
Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.		14.65184sulfonamide;
tryptamines		serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
suprofen
Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group.		4.3860aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antirheumatic drug;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug
suramin
Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.		2.9140naphthalenesulfonic acid;
phenylureas;
secondary carboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antinematodal drug;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
GABA antagonist;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
purinergic receptor P2 antagonist;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
trypanocidal drug
gatifloxacin
Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.		3.6590N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antiinfective agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
tegafur
[no description available]		2.0510organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
telenzepine
telenzepine: structure given in first source		2.0310benzodiazepine
temazepam
Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.		9.11133benzodiazepine
temozolomide
[no description available]		3.8630imidazotetrazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
triazene derivative		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
terazosin
Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia		4.460furans;
piperazines;
primary amino compound;
quinazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
antineoplastic agent
terbutaline
Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.		5.12140phenylethanolamines;
resorcinols		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
terfenadine
Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.		12.345516diarylmethane
testosterone
[no description available]		2.15103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
tetracaine
Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia.		5.98210benzoate ester;
tertiary amino compound		local anaesthetic
tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)		3.3670quaternary ammonium ion
thalidomide
Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.		4.250phthalimides;
piperidones
theobromine
Theobromine: 3,7-Dimethylxanthine. The principle alkaloid in Theobroma cacao (the cacao bean) and other plants. A xanthine alkaloid that is used as a bronchodilator and as a vasodilator. It has a weaker diuretic activity than THEOPHYLLINE and is also a less powerful stimulant of smooth muscle. It has practically no stimulant effect on the central nervous system. It was formerly used as a diuretic and in the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, pp1318-9). theobromine : A dimethylxanthine having the two methyl groups located at positions 3 and 7. A purine alkaloid derived from the cacao plant, it is found in chocolate, as well as in a number of other foods, and is a vasodilator, diuretic and heart stimulator.		2.3720dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
bronchodilator agent;
food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent
thiabendazole
Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate		4.08401,3-thiazoles;
benzimidazole fungicide;
benzimidazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
antinematodal drug
thiethylperazine
Thiethylperazine: A dopamine antagonist that is particularly useful in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia, mildly emetic cancer chemotherapy agents, radiation therapy, and toxins. This piperazine phenothiazine does not prevent vertigo or motion sickness. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p457). thiethylperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is perazine substituted by a ethylsulfanyl group at position 2.		5.9242N-methylpiperazine;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
thioridazine
Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.		5.69260phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
thiotepa
Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).		4.2450aziridines
thiothixene
Thiothixene: A thioxanthine used as an antipsychotic agent. Its effects are similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.		4.6232thioxanthenes
thonzylamine
thonzylamine: major descriptor (72-84); file-maintained to PYRIMIDINES		3.110methoxybenzenes
tiapride
[no description available]		2.4220benzamides
tiaprofenic acid
tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group.		3.5320aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		drug allergen;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ticlopidine
Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.		4.2750monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
hematologic agent;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone
Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.		2.0510aromatic ether;
diether;
fluoren-9-ones;
tertiary amino compound		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
interferon inducer;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tinidazole
Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.		3.8530imidazolesantiamoebic agent;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
tiopronin
Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE.		3.5920N-acyl-amino acid
tizanidine
tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.		4.460benzothiadiazole;
imidazoles		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
muscle relaxant
nikethamide
Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)		2.6430pyridinecarboxamide
tofisopam
tofisopam: structure; dextofisopam is the R-enantiomer of tofisopam & antidiarrheal		2.0410organic molecular entity
tolazamide
Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		3.5920N-sulfonylureahypoglycemic agent;
potassium channel blocker
tolazoline
Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.		8.4580imidazolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
vasodilator agent
tolbutamide
Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.		10.56130N-sulfonylureahuman metabolite;
hypoglycemic agent;
insulin secretagogue;
potassium channel blocker
tolmetin
Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.		4.0740aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
pyrroles		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tolnaftate
[no description available]		210monothiocarbamic esterantifungal drug
tolperisone
Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211)		2.0510aromatic ketone
ultram
2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively.		4.84100aromatic ether;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		5.1780amino acid
trazodone
Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group.		7.69181monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
triazolopyridine		adrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
tremorine
[no description available]		3.3370N-alkylpyrrolidine
trequinsin
trequinsin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		1.9610pyridopyrimidine
triamterene
Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.		4.7390pteridinesdiuretic;
sodium channel blocker
triazolam
Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.		7.28123triazolobenzodiazepinesedative
trichlormethiazide
Trichlormethiazide: A thiazide diuretic with properties similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p830). trichlormethiazide : A benzothiadiazine, hydrogenated at positions 2, 3 and 4 and substituted with an aminosulfonyl group at C-7, a chloro substituent at C-6 and a dichloromethyl group at C-3 and with S-1 as an S,S-dioxide. A sulfonamide antibiotic, it is used as a diuretic to treat oedema (including that associated with heart failure) and hypertension.		2.4320benzothiadiazine;
sulfonamide antibiotic		antihypertensive agent;
diuretic
triclosan
[no description available]		2.7630aromatic ether;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
fungicide;
persistent organic pollutant;
xenobiotic
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		10.59140N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
triflupromazine
Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position.		4.8460organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		7.8241amine
trimeprazine
Trimeprazine: A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.		10.05101phenothiazines
trimethadione
Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.		3.9940oxazolidinoneanticonvulsant;
geroprotector
trimethobenzamide
trimethobenzamide: major descriptor (64-84); on-line search BENZAMIDES (64-84); Index Medicus search TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE (64-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. trimethobenzamide : The amide obtained by formal condensation of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid with 4-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethoxy]benzylamine. It is used to prevent nausea and vomitting in humans.		5.7261benzamides;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic
trimethoprim
Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.		5.42190aminopyrimidine;
methoxybenzenes		antibacterial drug;
diuretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
trimetrexate
Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect.		3.8530
trimipramine
Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant.		4.4160dibenzoazepine;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tripelennamine
Tripelennamine: A histamine H1 antagonist with low sedative action but frequent gastrointestinal irritation. It is used to treat ASTHMA; HAY FEVER; URTICARIA; and RHINITIS; and also in veterinary applications. Tripelennamine is administered by various routes, including topically.		10.39835aromatic amine
troglitazone
Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.		4.6780chromanes;
thiazolidinone		anticoagulant;
anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
tyramine
[no description available]		9.84110monoamine molecular messenger;
primary amino compound;
tyramines		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.2450aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
urapidil
[no description available]		2.9440piperazines
urethane
[no description available]		2.0510carbamate esterfungal metabolite;
mutagen
venlafaxine
venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group.		5.95130cyclohexanols;
monomethoxybenzene;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
analgesic;
antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
xenobiotic
vesnarinone
[no description available]		2.9640organic molecular entity
vigabatrin
[no description available]		3.5920gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor
viloxazine
Viloxazine: A morpholine derivative used as an antidepressant. It is similar in action to IMIPRAMINE.		2.0410aromatic ether
pirinixic acid
pirinixic acid: structure		2.0510aryl sulfide;
organochlorine compound;
pyrimidines
xylazine
Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.. xylazine : A methyl benzene that is 1,3-dimethylbenzene which is substituted by a 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-2-ylnitrilo group at position 2. It is an alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist and frequently used in veterinary medicine as an emetic and sedative with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties.		2.72301,3-thiazine;
methylbenzene;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
emetic;
muscle relaxant;
sedative
xylometazoline
xylometazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410alkylbenzene
ici 204,219
zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		4.2850carbamate ester;
indoles;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		anti-asthmatic agent;
leukotriene antagonist
zaleplon
zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam. zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position.		6.1860nitrile;
pyrazolopyrimidine		anticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
central nervous system depressant;
sedative
zolpidem
Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.		9.61142imidazopyridinecentral nervous system depressant;
GABA agonist;
sedative
zomepirac
zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.5320aromatic ketone;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrroles		cardiovascular drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zonisamide
Zonisamide: A benzisoxazole and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL blocker. It is used primarily as an adjunctive antiepileptic agent for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES, with or without secondary generalization.. zonisamide : A 1,2-benzoxazole compound having a sulfamoylmethyl substituent at the 3-position.		3.87301,2-benzoxazoles;
sulfonamide		anticonvulsant;
antioxidant;
central nervous system drug;
protective agent;
T-type calcium channel blocker
zopiclone
zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.		4.3760monochloropyridine;
pyrrolopyrazine		central nervous system depressant;
sedative
guanidine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510one-carbon compound;
organic chloride salt		protein denaturant
hydrocortisone acetate
hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.7230cortisol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cortisone acetate
Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders.		3.5920corticosteroid hormone
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		4.2450mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
oxyphenonium
Oxyphenonium: A quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent with peripheral side effects similar to those of ATROPINE. It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer, and to relieve visceral spasms. The drug has also been used in the form of eye drops for mydriatic effect.		4.2541acylcholine
corticosterone
[no description available]		9.7710011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
prednisolone
Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.		7.7732111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
xenobiotic
estriol
hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl.		4.054016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		estrogen;
human metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lysergic acid diethylamide
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.		6.91231ergoline alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		dopamine agonist;
hallucinogen;
serotonergic agonist
reserpine
Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.		12.31600alkaloid ester;
methyl ester;
yohimban alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
first generation antipsychotic;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic
cephaloridine
Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.		2.4520beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		11.47600imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
hexobendine
Hexobendine: A potent vasoactive agent that dilates cerebral and coronary arteries, but slightly constricts femoral arteries, without any effects on heart rate, blood pressure or cardiac output.		1.9610trihydroxybenzoic acid
sorbitol
D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).		6.36550glucitolcathartic;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food humectant;
human metabolite;
laxative;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
alloxan
Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.		1.9410pyrimidonehyperglycemic agent;
metabolite
thymidine
[no description available]		1.9410pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		2.4720nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
2-hydroxybenzylbenzimidazole
2-hydroxybenzylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.1510
piperonyl butoxide
[no description available]		2.0510benzodioxolespesticide synergist
2-aminophenol
[no description available]		3.110aminophenolbacterial metabolite
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.0510nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid
tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome.		2.0510
dichloroisoproterenol
dichloroisoproterenol: was heading 1968-94; was DICHLORISOPROTERENOL 1963-76; DCI was see DICHLOROISOPROTERENOL 1975-94; use ISOPROTERENOL to search DICHLOROISOPROTERENOL 1968-94 & DICHLORISOPROTERENOL 1966-67		7.8640
hydroxyproline
Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.		2.01104-hydroxyproline;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
histamine dihydrochloride
Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride.		2.0510
thyroxine
Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.		4.97702-halophenol;
iodophenol;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
thyroxine zwitterion;
thyroxine		antithyroid drug;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
dibenzylchlorethamine
Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.		3.3370
dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.		8.222811-phenylpropan-2-amineadrenergic agent;
adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
dopaminergic agent;
neurotoxin;
sympathomimetic agent
carbachol
Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.		3.97140ammonium salt;
carbamate ester		cardiotonic drug;
miotic;
muscarinic agonist;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
norethindrone acetate
norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.		2.05103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone
Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.		4.4603-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid lactone;
thioester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
diuretic;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cyclobarbital
cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative		2.0510barbiturates
aldosterone
[no description available]		3.994011beta-hydroxy steroid;
18-oxo steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid aldehyde		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
allobarbital
allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects		2.0510barbiturates
pentolinium tartrate
Pentolinium Tartrate: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocking agent in hypertension.. pentolinium tartrate : The bitartrate salt of pentolinium.		2.3520tartrate saltantihypertensive agent
penicillamine
Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group.		4.140non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
penicillamine		antirheumatic drug;
chelator;
copper chelator;
drug allergen
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		2.0510organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
cysteine
[no description available]		3.2310cysteine zwitterion;
cysteine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.3 (histidine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite
tetrahydrocortisol
[no description available]		3.11011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
prednisone
Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.		10.4566411-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
tetrahydrocortisone
[no description available]		3.11021-hydroxy steroid
estrone
Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.		4.564017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
phenolic steroid;
phenols		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
paramethasone
Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)		1.9410fluorinated steroid
oxandrolone
Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties.		3.873017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
oxa-steroid		anabolic agent;
androgen
androsterone
[no description available]		3.11017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid		androgen;
anticonvulsant;
human blood serum metabolite;
human metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
pheromone
etiocholanolone
Etiocholanolone: The 5-beta-reduced isomer of ANDROSTERONE. Etiocholanolone is a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE and ANDROSTENEDIONE in many mammalian species including humans. It is excreted in the URINE.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one : An androstanoid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by an alpha-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone in mammals.		3.11017-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.		3.532017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
nad
[no description available]		2.0510NADgeroprotector
hydroxyacetylaminofluorene
Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene: A N-hydroxylated derivative of 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE that has demonstrated carcinogenic action.		3.1102-acetamidofluorenes
adrenochrome
Adrenochrome: Pigment obtained by the oxidation of epinephrine.		1.9410indoles
camylofine
camylofine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410alpha-amino acid ester
penicillin g
Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.		4.6990penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
epitope
metaraminol
Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.		3.0550phenylethanolaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine
Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.		4.93120pilocarpineantiglaucoma drug
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		3.5590organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine
Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.		7.011012-halophenol;
amino acid zwitterion;
iodophenol;
iodothyronine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
thyroid hormone
isonicotinic acid
isonicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is at position 4 of the pyridine ring.		2.110pyridinemonocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
human metabolite
isoflurophate
Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.		2.6330dialkyl phosphate
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		2.3720chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
tetraethylammonium chloride
tetraethylammonium chloride : A quarternary ammonium chloride salt in which the cation has four ethyl substituents around the central nitrogen.		1.9610organic chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		potassium channel blocker
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		2.1510alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
serine
Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.		2.3620L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid;
serine zwitterion;
serine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benz(a)anthracene
benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.		3.110ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes
chloramphenicol
Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.		6.27200C-nitro compound;
carboxamide;
diol;
organochlorine compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		2.110aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		3.7930amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.6430aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benzyltrimethylammonium
benzyltrimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0310
cetrimonium bromide
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.		2.0510organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		detergent;
surfactant
cyanides
Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.		4.4351pseudohalide anionEC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
chlorobutanol
[no description available]		2.0610tertiary alcohol
vincristine
[no description available]		3.8630acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
physostigmine
Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.		7.44391carbamate ester;
indole alkaloid		antidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.940glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol
Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.		4.618017-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
chlordan
Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		1.9410cyclodiene organochlorine insecticideGABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
testosterone propionate
Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.		2.0510steroid ester
tubocurarine
Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.		3.65100bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloiddrug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		1.9710ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
apomorphine
Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.		5.45210aporphine alkaloidalpha-adrenergic drug;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
emetic;
serotonergic drug
aminopyrine
Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.		4.84350pyrazolone;
tertiary amino compound		antipyretic;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
methyltestosterone
Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.		3.83017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
enone		anabolic agent;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine
9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.		4.1750benzoquinolizine;
cyclic ketone;
tertiary amino compound
adenosine diphosphate
Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.		5.29131adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
cephalothin
Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.		2.7430azabicycloalkene;
beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative;
thiophenes		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
uridine
[no description available]		2.3820uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine monophosphate
Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.		1.9310pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
kanamycin a
Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.		4.4260kanamycinsbacterial metabolite
carbostyril
Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		2.4820monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
piperoxan
Piperoxan: A benzodioxane alpha-adrenergic blocking agent with considerable stimulatory action. It has been used to diagnose PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and as an antihypertensive agent.		1.9610
phenylephrine
Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.		5.99271phenols;
phenylethanolamines;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
mydriatic agent;
nasal decongestant;
protective agent;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa
Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease		3.5890amino acid zwitterion;
dopa;
L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		allelochemical;
antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
hapten;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
plant growth retardant;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.		3.9740ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid		anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene
p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)		2.3420azobenzenes
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.3920amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cysteamine
Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.		3.4820amine;
thiol		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
acetylcholine chloride
acetylcholine chloride : The chloride salt of acetylcholine, and a parasympatomimetic drug.		3.2310quaternary ammonium salt
mepazine
mepazine: major descriptor (66-85); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (66-85); Index Medicus search MEPAZINE (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. pacatal : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazine has an N-methylpiperidin-4-ylmethyl substituent at the N-10 position.		3.5920phenothiazines
acepromazine
Acepromazine: A phenothiazine that is used in the treatment of PSYCHOSES.. acepromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by an acetyl group at position 2 and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at position 10.		4.3211aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amino compound		phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
methoxamine
Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .		4.5580amphetaminesalpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate
Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.		2.8640adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
cofactor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		2.4520penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
n,n-dimethyltryptamine
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An N-methylated indoleamine derivative and serotonergic hallucinogen which occurs naturally and ubiquitously in several plant species including Psychotria veridis. It also occurs in trace amounts in mammalian brain, blood, and urine, and is known to act as an agonist or antagonist of certain SEROTONIN RECEPTORS.. N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.		3.2920tryptamine alkaloid;
tryptamines
niridazole
Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete.		2.05101,3-thiazoles;
C-nitro compound
cloxacillin
Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.		3.8430penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
methylene blue
Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.		2.8940organic chloride saltacid-base indicator;
antidepressant;
antimalarial;
antimicrobial agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor;
fluorochrome;
histological dye;
neuroprotective agent;
physical tracer
zoxazolamine
Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.		4.1550benzoxazole
leucine
Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.		2.6830amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methacholine chloride
Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)		2.8740quaternary ammonium salt
aniline
[no description available]		3.5120anilines;
primary arylamine
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.		3.2310calcium saltchelator
dimethylnitrosamine
Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.		1.9510nitrosaminegeroprotector;
mutagen
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		2.0510carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
uridine triphosphate
Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		1.9710pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		9.6361lactose
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		3.5920aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		2.8740amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
Mebutamate
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
desoxycorticosterone
Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE		9.36020-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
mineralocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
colchicine
(S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.		5.2150alkaloid;
colchicine		anti-inflammatory agent;
gout suppressant;
mutagen
etimizol
Etimizol: A xanthine-related, putative nootropic drug.		2.1510
mebanazine
mebanazine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.5920benzenes
oxacillin
Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.		4.0640penicillinantibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		2.3720antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
egtazic acid
Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.		1.9910diether;
tertiary amino compound;
tetracarboxylic acid		chelator
barbituric acid
barbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure from Merck Index, 9th ed, #966. barbituric acid : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. Barbituric acid is the parent compound of barbiturate drugs, although it is not itself pharmacologically active.		2.3420barbituratesallergen;
xenobiotic
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		4.5961chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide
Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.		2.352011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipruritic drug
sodium citrate, anhydrous
Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.		3.3911organic sodium saltanticoagulant;
flavouring agent
norethindrone
Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.		4.225017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound;
tertiary alcohol		progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
norethynodrel
Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL.		3.5320oxo steroid
cycloserine
Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).		3.23104-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic;
zwitterion		antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antitubercular agent;
metabolite;
NMDA receptor agonist
benziodarone
benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)		4.140aromatic ketone
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.		3.11017alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
progestin
chlorisondamine
Chlorisondamine: A nicotinic antagonist used primarily as a ganglionic blocker in animal research. It has been used as an antihypertensive agent but has been supplanted by more specific drugs in most clinical applications.		2.6330isoindoles
ampicillin
Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.		5.2390beta-lactam antibiotic;
penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
mannitol
[no description available]		9.6180mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		4.5270beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
ornithine
Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.		2.0410non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
ornithine		algal metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene
Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.		2.6730C-nitro compound;
organofluorine compound		agrochemical;
allergen;
chromatographic reagent;
EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor;
protein-sequencing agent;
spectrophotometric reagent
histidine
Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.		3.92130amino acid zwitterion;
histidine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol
n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.		2.0210pentanol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
1,1,1-trichloroethane
Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1.		2.3620chloroethanespolar solvent
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		2.462020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
isopropamide iodide
isopropamide iodide: was heading 1965-94; use AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS to search ISOPROPAMIDE IODIDE 1966-94		1.9410diarylmethane
threonine
Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.		1.9810amino acid zwitterion;
aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
threonine		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol
[no description available]		2.693017beta-hydroxy steroid;
aromatic ether;
terminal acetylenic compound		prodrug;
xenoestrogen
methaqualone
Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s.		12.9813524quinazolinesGABA agonist;
sedative
alizarin
[no description available]		3.110dihydroxyanthraquinonechromophore;
dye;
plant metabolite
trypan blue
VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.		2.0510
methandrostenolone
Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)		1.9510organic molecular entity
cordycepin
[no description available]		2.05103'-deoxyribonucleoside;
adenosines		antimetabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		5.8571erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nifenalol
nifenalol: adrenergic beta-blocker with good antiarrhythmic properties; also tends to lower blood pressure & provide protection against angina; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search ETHANOLAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.4120C-nitro compound
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		9.790arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.		1.9310alkane;
gas molecular entity		food propellant
ethylamine
ethylamine : A two-carbon primary aliphatic amine.		2.4620primary aliphatic aminehuman metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.1310aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
tetramethylammonium chloride
[no description available]		210organic molecular entity
tert-butyl alcohol
tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		2.0210tertiary alcoholhuman xenobiotic metabolite
trichloroacetic acid
Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.		2.4420monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
trifluoroacetic acid
Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.		2.1110fluoroalkanoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
reagent
perflutren
Definity: a fluorocarbon-filled ultrasonic contrast agent; Definity is tradename. octafluoropropane : A fluorocarbon that is propane in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by fluorines.		3.6220fluoroalkane;
fluorocarbon
triamcinolone acetonide
Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.		3.075011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
fluoxymesterone
Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
fluorinated steroid		anabolic agent;
antineoplastic agent
bromcresol green
Bromcresol Green: An indicator and reagent. It has been used in serum albumin determinations and as a pH indicator.		2.3820benzofurans
allylpropymal
allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5.		2.0510barbiturates
phencyclidine
Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.		4.9891benzenes;
piperidines		anaesthetic;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
psychotropic drug
caramiphen
caramiphen: structure		1.9210benzenes
butobarbital
butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital)		2.420barbiturates
chlorphenoxamine
chlorphenoxamine: minor descriptor (66-84); on-line & Index Medicus search ETHYLAMINES (66-84); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.5590diarylmethaneanticoronaviral agent
methsuximide
methsuximide: anticonvulsant effective in petit mal & psychomotor epilepsy; has a number of unpleasant & toxic side effects; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search SUCCINIMIDES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.2310organic molecular entity
tromethamine
Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)		4.1750primary amino compound;
triol		buffer
quinic acid
(-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.		2.1510
pentaerythritol tetranitrate
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate: A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025). pentaerythritol tetranitrate : A pentaerythritol nitrate in which all four hydroxy groups of pentaerythritol have been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to those of glyceryl trinitrate, but with a more prolonged duration of action, and is used for treatment of angina pectoris. It is also one of the most powerful high explosives known and is a component of the plastic explosive known as Semtex.		2.6530pentaerythritol nitrateexplosive;
vasodilator agent
triparanol
Triparanol: Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.		1.9410stilbenoidanticoronaviral agent
linalool
linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum.		3.110monoterpenoid;
tertiary alcohol		antimicrobial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
isoprene
isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.		2.0710alkadiene;
hemiterpene;
volatile organic compound		plant metabolite
isobutyl alcohol
isobutyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol		Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methylethyl ketone
methylethyl ketone: solvent; colorless synthetic resins, smokeless powders; may be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes; may be toxic in high concentrations; structure. butanone : Any ketone that is butane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.. butan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone that is a four-carbon ketone carrying a single keto- group at position C-2.		2.3520butanone;
dialkyl ketone;
methyl ketone;
volatile organic compound		bacterial metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent
trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.		2.8740chloroethenesinhalation anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite
methyl acetate
methyl acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of acetic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (57 degreeC) colourless, flammable liquid, it is used as a solvent for many resins and oils.		2.0210acetate ester;
methyl ester;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor;
fragrance;
polar aprotic solvent
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		2.4420monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
pempidine
Pempidine: A nicotinic antagonist most commonly used as an experimental tool. It has been used as a ganglionic blocker in the treatment of hypertension but has largely been supplanted for that purpose by more specific drugs.		6.9310piperidines
bisphenol a
4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.		7.610bisphenolendocrine disruptor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic;
xenoestrogen
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone: structure and RN in first source. 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol : A sulfone that is diphenyl sulfone in which both of the para hydrogens have been replaced by hydroxy groups.		2.1510bisphenol;
sulfone		endocrine disruptor;
metabolite
dehydrocholic acid
Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton.		2.051012-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-5beta-steroid;
7-oxo steroid;
oxo-5beta-cholanic acid		gastrointestinal drug
taurocholic acid
Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.		2.3620amino sulfonic acid;
bile acid taurine conjugate		human metabolite
1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone
1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone: structure given in first source. quinizarin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone having the two hydroxy substituents at the 1- and 4-positions; formally derived from anthraquinone by replacement of two hydrogen atoms by hydroxy groups		3.110dihydroxyanthraquinonedye
cyclizine
Cyclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist given by mouth or parenterally for the control of postoperative and drug-induced vomiting and in motion sickness. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p935). cyclizine : An N-alkylpiperazine in which one nitrogen of the piperazine ring is substituted by a methyl group, while the other is substituted by a diphenylmethyl group.		11.78220N-alkylpiperazineantiemetic;
central nervous system depressant;
cholinergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic
methylprednisolone
Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.		9.316256-methylprednisolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
antiemetic;
environmental contaminant;
neuroprotective agent;
xenobiotic
rotenone
Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.		1.9410organic heteropentacyclic compound;
rotenones		antineoplastic agent;
metabolite;
mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor;
phytogenic insecticide;
piscicide;
toxin
2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone
2,6-dihydroxyanthraquinone: structure given in first source. anthraflavic acid : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene substituted by hydroxy groups at C-3 and C-7 and oxo groups at C-9 and C-10.		3.110dihydroxyanthraquinoneantimutagen;
plant metabolite
9,10-anthraquinone
9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls.		3.110anthraquinone
8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid
8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1510
acetrizoic acid
Acetrizoic Acid: An iodinated radiographic contrast medium used as acetrizoate sodium in HYSTEROSALPINGOGRAPHY.		1.9410aminobenzoic acid
brompheniramine
Brompheniramine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in treatment of allergies, rhinitis, and urticaria.. brompheniramine : Pheniramine in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is substituted by bromine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, brompheniramine is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		5.39190organobromine compound;
pyridines		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
propoxycaine
Propoxycaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a rapid onset of action and a longer duration of action than procaine hydrochloride. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1017)		2.420benzoate ester
dimethisoquin
[no description available]		2.420isoquinolines
penicillin v
Penicillin V: A broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic used orally in the treatment of mild to moderate infections by susceptible gram-positive organisms.. phenoxymethylpenicillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-(phenoxyacetyl)amino side-chain.		4.0840penicillin allergen;
penicillin
salicylanilide
salicylanilide: RN given refers to parent cpd. salicylanilide : An amide of salicylic acid and of aniline; it is therefore both a salicylamide and an anilide.		2.1510benzanilide fungicide;
salicylamides;
salicylanilides
isosorbide dinitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.		3.8630glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
penicillanic acid
Penicillanic Acid: A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). penicillanic acid : A penam that consists of 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane bearing a carboxy group at position 2 and having (2S,5R)-configuration.		2.0310penicillanic acids
2,6-dichlorophenol
2,6-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,6-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol with the chloro substituents at positions 2 and 6.		2.0210dichlorophenol
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source		3.0750pyrrolidin-2-ones
2-tert-butylphenol
[no description available]		2.0210alkylbenzene
2-isopropylphenol
2-isopropylphenol: structure given in first source. 2-isopropylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an isopropyl group at position 2.		2.0210phenols
2-nitroaniline
[no description available]		2.0210
2-nitrophenol
nitrophenol : Any member of the class of phenols or substituted phenols carrying at least 1 nitro group.		2.02102-nitrophenols
picryl chloride
Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).. 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene : The C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		2.0110C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes		allergen;
epitope;
explosive;
hapten
2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.		1.9610arenesulfonic acid;
C-nitro compound
thymol
Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.		4.1950monoterpenoid;
phenols		volatile oil component
1-naphthol
1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.		3.8130naphtholgenotoxin;
human xenobiotic metabolite
2-phenylbutyric acid
2-phenylbutyric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.		2.1510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid		human xenobiotic metabolite
2-aminodiphenyl
aminobiphenyl : Any member of the class of biphenyls in which the biphenyl skeleton is substituted by at least one amino group.		3.110
2-phenylphenol
2-phenylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-2-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. It is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.		3.110hydroxybiphenylsantifungal agrochemical;
environmental food contaminant
pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.		6.77102phenylethanolamines;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		anti-asthmatic drug;
bronchodilator agent;
central nervous system drug;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
diethylpropion
Diethylpropion: A appetite depressant considered to produce less central nervous system disturbance than most drugs in this therapeutic category. It is also considered to be among the safest for patients with hypertension. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2290). diethylpropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone in which one of the hydrogens alpha- to the carbonyl is substituted by a diethylamino group. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as the hydrochloride as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		3.4820aromatic ketone;
tertiary amine		appetite depressant
4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone
4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone: structure in first source		2.1510
benzohydrol
diphenylmethanol : A secondary alcohol that is diphenylmethane which carries a hydroxy group at position 1.		2.0810benzyl alcohols;
secondary alcohol		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
rat metabolite
quinoxalines
quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.		210mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
naphthyridine;
ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline
[no description available]		3.830azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinolines
2-naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.		3.110naphthylaminecarcinogenic agent
6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine: structure in first source		2.1510
tolonium chloride
Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.		1.9510
6-methylcoumarin
6-methylcoumarin: synthetic fragrance causing contact photoallergy. 6-methylcoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group.		2.0310coumarinsallergen;
fragrance
diphenyl
diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure		5.68840aromatic fungicide;
benzenes;
biphenyls		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative
phenylpiperazine
phenylpiperazine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110
4-biphenylamine
4-biphenylamine: used in detection of sulfates, & as a carcinogen in cancer research; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-4-amine : An aminobiphenyl that is biphenyl substituted by an amino group at position 4.		3.110aminobiphenylcarcinogenic agent
4-phenylphenol
4-phenylphenol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. biphenyl-4-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl carrying a hydroxy group at position 4.		3.110hydroxybiphenyls
xanthenes
Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.		2.3520xanthene
phenothiazine
10H-phenothiazine : The 10H-tautomer of phenothiazine.		3.73110phenothiazineferroptosis inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
benzidine
benzidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is 1,1'-biphenyl in which the hydrogen at the para-position of each phenyl group has been replaced by an amino group.		3.4520biphenyls;
substituted aniline		carcinogenic agent
4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl
biphenyl-4,4'-diol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl with hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 4'.		3.110hydroxybiphenyls
2-naphthoic acid
2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthoic acid : A naphthoic acid that is naphthalene carrying a carboxy group at position 2.		2.110naphthoic acidmouse metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
quinaldic acid
[no description available]		2.1510quinolinemonocarboxylic acidhuman metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
N-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510acetamides;
methoxybenzenes
methyl benzoate
methyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and methanol.		2.0210benzoate ester;
methyl ester		insect attractant;
metabolite
mecoprop
mecoprop: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.. mecoprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop.		2.110aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes
synephrine
[no description available]		2.4820ethanolamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenols		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
plant metabolite
propylparaben
Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)		3.5220benzoate ester;
paraben;
phenols		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent
parethoxycaine
[no description available]		1.9610benzoate ester
benzoyl peroxide
Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.		2.0510carbonyl compound
2-toluidine
2-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-toluidine : An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is ortho to the methyl group.		2.0210aminotoluenecarcinogenic agent
2-bromophenol
bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.		2.0210bromophenolmarine metabolite
2-chlorophenol
chlorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms.		2.02102-halophenol;
monochlorophenol
3,4-dimethylphenol
3,4-dimethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,4-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 4.		2.0210phenols
2,5-xylenol
2,5-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 5.		2.0210phenolsanimal metabolite;
volatile oil component
fast red b
Fast Red B: structure in first source. fast red B : An organosulfonate salt composed from 2-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene-1-diazonium and 5-sulfonaphthalene-1-sulfonate in a 1:1 ratio. Used for demostrating enterochromaffin in carcinoid tumours.		2.1510
butylphen
butylphen: irritant; structure. 4-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted with a tert-butyl group at position 4.		3.5120phenolsallergen
acetophenone
acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.		2.4220acetophenonesanimal metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
nitrobenzene
nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.		2.0210nitroarene;
nitrobenzenes
3-nitroaniline
3-nitroaniline: used as a sole source of nitrogen , carbon and energy		2.0210
methylparaben
methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.		3.5220parabenantifungal agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
4-isopropylphenol
[no description available]		3.110phenolsflavouring agent
4-hydroxyacetophenone
4-hydroxyacetophenone: promotes secretion of bile & bile salts, which promotes griseofulvin absorption in the duodenum. 4'-hydroxyacetophenone : A monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4'.		3.110monohydroxyacetophenonefungal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
4-nitroaniline
[no description available]		2.0210nitroanilinebacterial xenobiotic metabolite
4-anisic acid
4-methoxybenzoic acid: structure in first source. 4-methoxybenzoic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid substituted with a methoxy group at position C-4.		2.0210methoxybenzoic acidplant metabolite
4-nitroanisole
4-nitroanisole: dye intermediate; organic synthesis; structure. 4-nitroanisole : A member of the class of 4-nitroanisoles that is anisole in which one the hydrogen meta to the methoxy group is replaced by a nitro group.		1.99104-nitroanisoles
benzylamine
aminotoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more amino groups.		2.0210aralkylamine;
primary amine		allergen;
EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
benzonitrile
benzonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a phenyl group.		2.0210benzenes;
nitrile
methylaniline
methylaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd. methylaniline : A substituted aniline carrying one or more methyl groups at unspecified positions.		2.0210methylaniline;
phenylalkylamine;
secondary amine
anisole
anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.		2.0210monomethoxybenzeneplant metabolite
methylphenylsulfide
thioanisole : An aryl sulfide that is thiophenol in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.0210aryl sulfide;
benzenes
quinuclidines
Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.		2.6430quinuclidines;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
methylenebis(chloroaniline)
Methylenebis(chloroaniline): Aromatic diamine used in the plastics industry as curing agent for epoxy resins and urethane rubbers. It causes bladder, liver, lung, and other neoplasms.. 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline) : A chloroaniline that consists of two 2-chloroaniline units joined by a methylene bridge.		2.1510chloroanilinemetabolite
triclocarban
triclocarban: bacteriostat; antiseptic in soaps & other cleansing solns; germicide; structure. triclocarban : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at positions 1 and 3 respectively.		2.7730dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas		antimicrobial agent;
antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-benzylphenol
4-benzylphenol: metabolite of diphenylmethane; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.110
di-(4-aminophenyl)ether
di-(4-aminophenyl)ether: structure		2.1510aromatic ether
diphenylguanidine
diphenylguanidine: vulcanization accelerator; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,3-diphenylguanidine : Guanidine carrying a phenyl substituent on each of the two amino groups. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.		2.1510guanidinesallergen
4-Anilino-4-oxobutanoic acid
[no description available]		2.1510anilide
boric acid
[no description available]		2.0810boric acidsastringent
n-methylbenzylamine
N-methylbenzylamine: precursor of carcinogen benzylmethylnitrosamine; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9910
benzonatate
benzonatate: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1107. benzonatate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of 4-butylaminobenzoic acid with nonaethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Structurally related to procaine and benzocaine, it has an anaesthetic effect on the stretch sensors in the lungs, and is used as a non-narcotic cough suppressant.		3.5920benzoate ester;
secondary amino compound;
substituted aniline		anaesthetic;
antitussive
nonoxynol
Nonoxynol: Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Nonoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide, formulated primarily as a component of vaginal foams and creams.		210
2-ethylhexanol
[no description available]		3.110primary alcoholplant metabolite;
volatile oil component
betazole
Betazole: A histamine H2 agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.. betazole : Pyrazole in which a hydrogen adjacent to one of the nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-aminoethyl group. It is a histamine H2-receptor agonist used clinically to test gastric secretory function.		1.9510primary amino compound;
pyrazoles		diagnostic agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
histamine agonist
2,4-dimethylphenol
2,4-dimethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,4-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 4.		2.0210aromatic fungicide;
phenols		disinfectant;
volatile oil component
4-bromophenol
4-bromophenol : A bromophenol containing only hydroxy and bromo substituents that are para to one another.		2.0210bromophenolhuman urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant;
rat metabolite
4-chloroaniline
4-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloroaniline : A chloroaniline in which the chloro atom is para to the aniline amino group.		2.0210chloroaniline;
monochlorobenzenes
4-toluidine
4-toluidine: RN given refers to parent cpd. p-toluidine : An aminotoluene in which the amino substituent is para to the methyl group.		2.0210aminotoluene
ethylene dibromide
Ethylene Dibromide: An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.. 1,2-dibromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae.		1.9810bromoalkane;
bromohydrocarbon		algal metabolite;
carcinogenic agent;
fumigant;
marine metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen
propylamine
propylamine : A member of the class of alkylamines that is propane substituted by an amino group at C-1.		2.0210alkylamines
allylamine
Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.		1.9210alkylamine
2-pentanone
pentanone : Any ketone that is pentane substituted by an oxo group at unspecified position.		2.0210methyl ketone;
pentanone		plant metabolite
deanol
Deanol: An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.. N,N-dimethylethanolamine : A tertiary amine that is ethanolamine having two N-methyl substituents.		2.3720ethanolamines;
tertiary amine		curing agent;
radical scavenger
3-chloroaniline
3-chloroaniline: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210
3-chlorophenol
3-chlorophenol : A monochlorophenol carrying the chloro substituent at position 3.		2.7130monochlorophenol
3,5-xylenol
3,5-xylenol: RN given refers to 3,5-isomer. 3,5-xylenol : A member of the class of phenols that phenol substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 5.		2.0210phenolsxenobiotic metabolite
bromobenzene
[no description available]		2.0210bromoarene;
bromobenzenes;
volatile organic compound		hepatotoxic agent;
mouse metabolite;
non-polar solvent
chlorobenzene
[no description available]		2.0210monochlorobenzenessolvent
cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.		3.0950cyclohexanols;
secondary alcohol		solvent
4-methylmorpholine
[no description available]		2.110
dibutyl sebacate
dibutyl sebacate: used in retail packaging of foods		210fatty acid ester
propyl acetate
propyl acetate: affects aggression without affecting motor activity; RN given refers to parent cpd. propyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of acetic acid with propanol.		2.0210acetate esterfragrance;
plant metabolite
pentane
Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.		2.0210alkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
n-butylamine
n-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. butan-1-amine : A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1.		2.4620primary aliphatic amine
pyrroles
1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.		3.5911pyrrole;
secondary amine
furan
furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.		2.0510furans;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene		carcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
Maillard reaction product
thiophenes
Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.		3.9940mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
thiophenes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
cyclohexane
Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.		1.9410cycloalkane;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
piperidine
[no description available]		2.110azacycloalkane;
piperidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
secondary amine		base;
catalyst;
human metabolite;
non-polar solvent;
plant metabolite;
protic solvent;
reagent
morpholine
[no description available]		2.110morpholines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		NMR chemical shift reference compound
1-hexanol
1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.		2.0210hexanol;
primary alcohol		alarm pheromone;
antibacterial agent;
fragrance;
plant metabolite
hexahydroazepine
hexahydroazepine: RN given refers to parent cpd. azepane : An azacycloalkane that is cycloheptane in which one of the carbon atoms is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		2.110azacycloalkane;
azepanes;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
heptanol
Heptanol: A colorless liquid with a fragrant odor. It is used as an intermediate, solvent and in cosmetics.. heptanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of seven carbon atoms.. heptan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is heptane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. It has been isolated from Capillipedium parviflorum.		2.0210heptanol;
primary alcohol		flavouring agent;
fragrance;
gap junctional intercellular communication inhibitor;
plant metabolite
tetraethylenepentamine
[no description available]		2.0110polyazaalkanecopper chelator
ergotamine
Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10.		3.67100peptide ergot alkaloidalpha-adrenergic agonist;
mycotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
oxytocic;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
methylergonovine
Methylergonovine: A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)		3.4820ergoline alkaloid
neostigmine bromide
neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.		2.7530bromide salt
phenformin
Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.		2.6830biguanidesantineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
dimethyl ether
dimethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to two methyl groups.		2.6230ether
2,2,2-trichloroethanol
[no description available]		3.110chloroethanolmouse metabolite
mephobarbital
Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.		7.7230barbituratesanticonvulsant
bromphenol blue
Bromphenol Blue: A dye that has been used as an industrial dye, a laboratory indicator, and a biological stain.. bromophenol blue : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. It is used as a laboratory indicator, changing from yellow below pH 3 to purple at pH 4.6, and as a size marker for monitoring the progress of agarose gel and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It has also been used as an industrial dye.		1.97102,1-benzoxathiole;
arenesulfonate ester;
organobromine compound;
phenols;
sultone		acid-base indicator;
dye;
two-colour indicator
anthrarufin
1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone: used in ferric ion sensing as an inclusion complex with beta-cyclodextrin; structure in first source. anthrarufin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 5.		3.110dihydroxyanthraquinone
etryptamine
etryptamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.1510indoles
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.		2.0510aromatic fungicide;
chlorobenzenes		antifungal agrochemical;
carcinogenic agent;
persistent organic pollutant
2-toluic acid
2-toluic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. o-toluic acid : A methylbenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.		3.110methylbenzoic acidxenobiotic metabolite
trinitrotoluene
Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.0510trinitrotolueneexplosive
framycetin
Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.		4.3460aminoglycosideallergen;
antibacterial drug;
Escherichia coli metabolite
isoquinoline
[no description available]		2.4220azaarene;
isoquinolines;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene
tropine
[no description available]		1.9310
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate
ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate: structure		3.110ethyl ester;
paraben		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
n-methylpyrrolidine
N-methylpyrrolidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110
3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole
3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole : An aromatic ether that is 4-methoxyphenol in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a tert-butyl group.		3.110aromatic ether;
phenols		antioxidant;
human xenobiotic metabolite
triethylamine
[no description available]		2.110tertiary amine
sulfacetamide
[no description available]		2.1510
3-nitrobenzoic acid
3-nitrobenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0210
sulfan blue
sulfan blue: widely used to visualize lymph vessels for lymphography; structure		2.1310organic molecular entity
pyrazolanthrone
pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.		2.0510anthrapyrazole;
aromatic ketone;
cyclic ketone		antineoplastic agent;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
geroprotector
diatrizoate meglumine
Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.		2.3720monocarboxylic acid anionradioopaque medium
meglumine
Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.		2.7930hexosamine;
secondary amino compound
cinchophen
cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94		4.2950quinolines
chloroprocaine
chloroprocaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chloroprocaine : Procaine in which one of the hydrogens ortho- to the carboxylic acid group is substituted by chlorine. It is used as its monohydrochloride salt as a local anaesthetic, particularly for oral surgery. It has the advantage over lidocaine of constricting blood vessels, so reducing bleeding.		2.4620benzoate ester;
monochlorobenzenes		central nervous system depressant;
local anaesthetic;
peripheral nervous system drug
1-naphthylamine
1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1.		4.8821naphthylaminehuman xenobiotic metabolite
2-naphthol
2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.		3.5120naphtholantinematodal drug;
genotoxin;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
phenazopyridine hydrochloride
phenazopyridine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining phenazopyridine with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. A local anesthetic that has topical analgesic effect on mucosa lining of the urinary tract. Its use is limited by problems with toxicity (primarily blood disorders) and potential carcinogenicity.		2.1310hydrochloridecarcinogenic agent;
local anaesthetic;
non-narcotic analgesic
2-aminobenzothiazole
[no description available]		2.1510benzothiazoles
carzenide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
shikimic acid
Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.		3.110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
nitrilotriacetic acid
Nitrilotriacetic Acid: A derivative of acetic acid, N(CH2COOH)3. It is a complexing (sequestering) agent that forms stable complexes with Zn2+. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed.)		2.1510NTA;
tricarboxylic acid		carcinogenic agent;
nephrotoxic agent
citronellol
citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects.		3.110monoterpenoidplant metabolite
ethyl acetate
ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.		2.0210acetate ester;
ethyl ester;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor;
metabolite;
polar aprotic solvent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexanoic acid
hexanoic acid : A C6, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.		3.5120medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		human metabolite;
plant metabolite
pregnenolone
[no description available]		3.512020-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
C21-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
yohimbine
Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.		3.67100methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylatealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopamine receptor D2 antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
2-chloroadenosine
5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source		1.9610purine nucleoside
diphenhydramine hydrochloride
Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.		18.865114hydrochloride;
organoammonium salt		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
antiparkinson drug;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
sedative
nafcillin
Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.		4.2350penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
ditiocarb
Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.		3.110dithiocarbamic acidschelator;
copper chelator
n-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-phenylethylamine
N-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-phenylethylamine: prodrug of 2-phenylethylamine		2.1510
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt
Chymopapain: A cysteine endopeptidase isolated from papaya latex. Preferential cleavage at glutamic and aspartic acid residues. EC 3.4.22.6.		1.9610organosulfur compound;
sulfonic acid derivative
3-hydroxyanisole
3-hydroxyanisole: structure in first source. 3-methoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol having a methoxy-substituent at the 3-position.		2.0210monomethoxybenzene;
phenols
mequinol
mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.8130methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
aziridine
[no description available]		2.110azacycloalkane;
aziridines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent		alkylating agent
methohexital
Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups.		4.1750acetylenic compound;
barbiturates		drug allergen;
intravenous anaesthetic
quinestrol
Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011)		2.051017-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		xenoestrogen
dydrogesterone
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid		progestin
fluocortolone
Fluocortolone: A glucocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity used topically for various skin disorders.		2.031021-hydroxy steroid
catechin
Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.		3.110catechinantioxidant;
plant metabolite
phenetidine
Phenetidine: Used in the manufacture of acetophenetidin.. 4-ethoxyaniline : An aromatic ether that is aniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by an ethoxy group. It is a hydrolysis metabolite of phenacetin.		3.110aromatic ether;
primary amino compound;
substituted aniline		drug metabolite
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.		2.8840azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines
acridines
Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.		3.4520acridines;
mancude organic heterotricyclic parent;
polycyclic heteroarene		genotoxin
indazoles
Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.		4.0631indazole
adamantane
Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.		2.8940adamantanes;
polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		2.3620cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		2.86401,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles
[no description available]		3.921301,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
cyclooctane
[no description available]		2.1510
ethynodiol diacetate
Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		1.9510steroid ester;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
estrogen receptor modulator;
synthetic oral contraceptive
propantheline bromide
[no description available]		2.0110xanthenes
triphenyltetrazolium chloride
2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium as the counterion.		2.1510organic chloride saltdye;
indicator
calcium gluconate
[no description available]		2.4120calcium saltnutraceutical
ephedrine
Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.		11.986812phenethylamine alkaloid;
phenylethanolamines		bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
nasal decongestant;
plant metabolite;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
chlormadinone acetate
Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).		2.0510corticosteroid hormone
benactyzine
Benactyzine: A centrally acting muscarinic antagonist. Benactyzine has been used in the treatment of depression and is used in research to investigate the role of cholinergic systems on behavior.		3.1960diarylmethane
pirinitramide
Pirinitramide: A diphenylpropylamine with intense narcotic analgesic activity of long duration. It is a derivative of MEPERIDINE with similar activity and usage.		2.4520nitrile
edrophonium bromide
[no description available]		2.4620
2,7-diacetylaminofluorene
2,7-diacetylaminofluorene: has been found to induce leukemia in animals; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line search 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE/AA (75-84); Index Medicus search 2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE/AA (80-82), FLUORENES (75-79)		2.1510
2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
hemicholinium 3
Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.		1.9410
dexamethasone 21-phosphate
dexamethasone 21-phosphate: has anti-inflammatory activity. dexamethasone phosphate : A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.		3.952111beta-hydroxy steroid;
17-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
steroid phosphate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		glucocorticoid receptor agonist
evans blue
Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.		3.1150organic sodium saltfluorochrome;
histological dye;
sodium channel blocker;
teratogenic agent
testosterone enanthate
[no description available]		2.0510heptanoate ester;
sterol ester		androgen
dibenzepin
dibenzepin: was heading 1975-94 (see under DIBENZAZEPINES 1975-90); use DIBENZAZEPINES to search DIBENZEPIN 1975-94; tricyclic antidepressant similar in action to imipramine		2.4920dibenzodiazepine
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		8.08252mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		4.0740N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
phenyramidol
phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity		2.0510aminopyridine
tetrapropylammonium
tetrapropylammonium: more than 12 salts of above cpd in Chemline. tetrapropylammonium : A quarternary ammonium cation with four propyl substituents around the central nitrogen.		210quaternary ammonium ion
carbutamide
Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)		2.0510benzenes;
sulfonamide
methylthioinosine
Methylthioinosine: 6-(Methylthio)-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine. An analog of inosine with a methylthio group replacing the hydroxyl group in the 6-position.		210purine ribonucleoside;
thiopurine
fluocinonide
Fluocinonide: A topical glucocorticoid used in the treatment of ECZEMA.		2.0210organic molecular entity
galantamine
Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.		4.5170benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent;
benzazepine alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antidote to curare poisoning;
cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
nandrolone decanoate
Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5920steroid ester
methysergide
Methysergide: An ergot derivative that is a congener of LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE. It antagonizes the effects of serotonin in blood vessels and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, but has few of the properties of other ergot alkaloids. Methysergide is used prophylactically in migraine and other vascular headaches and to antagonize serotonin in the carcinoid syndrome.. methysergide : A synthetic ergot alkaloid, structurally related to the oxytocic agent methylergonovine and to the potent hallucinogen LSD and used prophylactically to reduce the frequency and intensity of severe vascular headaches.		10.15480ergoline alkaloid
bucladesine
[no description available]		2.05103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
butanamides;
butyrate ester		agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
vasodilator agent
phenylbenzoquinone
phenylbenzoquinone: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
3-fluorophenol
3-fluorophenol: structure in first source		2.0210
trifluoroethylamine
trifluoroethylamine: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified fluorine locants		2.110
betamethasone
Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)		3.7811011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
4-hydroxyphenobarbital
[no description available]		3.110barbiturates
prenylamine
Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406)		3.5890diarylmethane
cyanamide
Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.		3.3511nitrile;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
perflubron
perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.		2.0510haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
perfluorinated compound		blood substitute;
radioopaque medium
fluorometholone
Fluorometholone: A glucocorticoid employed, usually as eye drops, in the treatment of allergic and inflammatory conditions of the eye. It has also been used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluorometholone : A member of the class of glucocorticoids that is Delta(1)-progesterone substituted at positions 11beta and 17 by hydroxy groups, at position 6alpha by a methyl group and at position 9 by a fluoro group. Used for the treatment of corticosteroid-responsive inflammation of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea and anterior segment of the globe.		1.941011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
cyproterone acetate
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
chlorinated steroid;
steroid ester		androgen antagonist;
geroprotector;
progestin
lithocholic acid
Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.. lithocholic acid : A monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid with a alpha-hydroxy substituent at position 3. It is a bile acid obtained from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action.. lithocholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of lithocholic acid.		3.110bile acid;
C24-steroid;
monohydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-fluoroethylamine
2-fluoroethylamine: structure in first source		2.110
hydantoins
Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.		2.8540imidazolidine-2,4-dione
chlorphentermine
Chlorphentermine: A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223)		3.3311amphetamines
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		3.5320monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
n-pentyl nitrite
Amyl Nitrite: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.. n-pentyl nitrite : A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group.		1.9410nitrite estersvasodilator agent
dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.		7.21721-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoatemu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
ketobemidone
ketobemidone: structure		2.0410piperidines
limestone
Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.		2.1110calcium salt;
carbonate salt;
inorganic calcium salt;
one-carbon compound		antacid;
fertilizer;
food colouring;
food firming agent
glycyrrhetinic acid
[no description available]		2.4720cyclic terpene ketone;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		immunomodulator;
plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		4.3530bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		210bile acid glycine conjugatehuman metabolite
2-bromolysergic acid diethylamide
2-bromolysergic acid diethylamide: was heading 1975-94 (see under LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE 1975-90); BROMO-LSD was see 2-BROMOLYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE 1975-94; use LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE to search 2-BROMOLYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE 1975-94; a serotonin antagonist		1.9310
epitestosterone
Epitestosterone: The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.. epitestosterone : An androstanoid that is the C-17 epimer of testosterone.		3.11017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid		androgen antagonist;
human metabolite
chrysophanic acid
chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.		3.110dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite
emetine
Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.		2.6830isoquinoline alkaloid;
pyridoisoquinoline		antiamoebic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
antiviral agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
emetic;
expectorant;
plant metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
osthol
osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source		2.0110botanical anti-fungal agent;
coumarins		metabolite
dihydralazine
Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354)		2.0510phthalazines
bicuculline
Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.		2.8840benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines		agrochemical;
central nervous system stimulant;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
GABAA receptor antagonist;
neurotoxin
3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid
3,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid: structure in first source		2.1510pyridinedicarboxylic acid
phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.		9.4751amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		plant metabolite
arecaidine
[no description available]		2.110citraconoyl group
carvacrol
carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1).		3.110botanical anti-fungal agent;
p-menthane monoterpenoid;
phenols		agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
flavouring agent;
TRPA1 channel agonist;
volatile oil component
4-hydroxybutyric acid
4-hydroxybutyric acid: was an entry term to Sodium Oxybate (74-98). 4-hydroxybutyric acid : A 4-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.55204-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxybutyric acid		general anaesthetic;
GHB receptor agonist;
neurotoxin;
sedative
azetidine
[no description available]		2.110azacycloalkane;
azetidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
alpha-aminopyridine
alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.		2.8840
dihydroergotamine
Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension.		6.1990ergot alkaloid;
semisynthetic derivative		dopamine agonist;
non-narcotic analgesic;
serotonergic agonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
podophyllotoxin
Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.		4.2741furonaphthodioxole;
lignan;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.05103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
psilocybin
Psilocybin: The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). psilocybin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").		5.7441organic phosphate;
tertiary amino compound;
tryptamine alkaloid		fungal metabolite;
hallucinogen;
prodrug;
serotonergic agonist
medroxyprogesterone
[no description available]		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
androstenediol
Androstenediol: An intermediate in TESTOSTERONE biosynthesis, found in the TESTIS or the ADRENAL GLANDS. Androstenediol, derived from DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE by the reduction of the 17-keto group (17-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES), is converted to TESTOSTERONE by the oxidation of the 3-beta hydroxyl group to a 3-keto group (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES).. androst-5-ene-3beta,17beta-diol : A 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid that is 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-ene carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17beta.		3.11017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid		androgen;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radiation protective agent
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		3.11017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dimenhydrinate
gravinol: has antioxidant and ant-inflammatory activities; structure in first source		8.17323diarylmethane
8-chlorotheophylline
[no description available]		10.4482organochlorine compound;
purines		central nervous system stimulant
gluconic acid
gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.		2.110gluconic acidchelator;
Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		2.3520organic molecular entity
apronalide
apronalide: structure		210N-acylurea
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
4-(benzoylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid: Bepask is calcium salt		2.1510benzamides
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenol
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenol: structure in first source		3.110
tropic acid
tropic acid: acid moiety of ester alkaloids hyoscyamine & scopolamine; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. tropic acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a phenyl group, and one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a hydroxy group.		2.15103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite
arsenamide
Arsenamide: Proposed chemotherapeutic agent against filaria and trichomonas.		1.9710
hexylcaine
hexylcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9610benzoate ester
piperocaine
piperocaine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.420benzoate ester
chlormethiazole
Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors.		3.2560thiazoles
methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol
Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol: Synthesized from endogenous epinephrine and norepinephrine in vivo. It is found in brain, blood, CSF, and urine, where its concentrations are used to measure catecholamine turnover.		3.3811methoxybenzenes;
phenols
diperodon
diperodon: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		1.9610carbamate ester
methamphetamine
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.		11.56151amphetamines;
secondary amine		central nervous system stimulant;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
psychotropic drug;
xenobiotic
cyclomethycaine
[no description available]		1.9610benzoate ester
4-iodophenol
[no description available]		3.5320iodophenol
levocarnitine
(R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine.		3.5920carnitineantilipemic drug;
nootropic agent;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
water-soluble vitamin (role)
butyramide
butanamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of butanoic acid and ammonia.		2.8540butanamides;
primary fatty amide
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.		3.2660dialdehydebiomarker
myristic acid
Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		3.110long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
sulfanilylurea
sulfanilylurea: antimicrobial agent; structure		3.5920benzenes;
sulfonamide
8-hydroxy-7-iodo-5-quinolinesulfonic acid
8-hydroxy-7-iodo-5-quinolinesulfonic acid: used with iodine isotopes in radioisotope scanning; structure		2.1510hydroxyquinoline
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		1.9810arenesulfonic acid;
C-nitro compound		epitope;
explosive;
reagent
gentian violet
Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.		2.0510organic chloride saltanthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
histological dye
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		2.0510isothiocyanateinsecticide
aminopenicillanic acid
aminopenicillanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 6-aminopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid compound having a (6R)-amino substituent. The active nucleus common to all penicillins, it may be substituted at the 6-amino position to form the semisynthetic penicillins, resulting in a variety of antibacterial and pharmacologic characteristics.		2.110amino acid zwitterion;
penicillanic acids		allergen
paeonol
paeonol: structure		2.0710methoxybenzenes;
phenols		metabolite
hematoporphyrin
Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.		2.420
lithium carbonate
Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.		2.0410carbonate salt;
lithium salt		antimanic drug
3-nitrophenol
[no description available]		2.02103-nitrophenols
glycyl-glycyl-glycine
glycyl-glycyl-glycine : A tripeptide in which three glycine units are linked via peptide bonds in a linear sequence.		2.110tripeptide zwitterion;
tripeptide
doxylamine succinate
[no description available]		1.9710organic molecular entity
4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol
4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol: structure in first source. 4-terpineol : A terpineol that is 1-menthene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4.		3.110terpineol;
tertiary alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antiparasitic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
glycerylphosphorylcholine
Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed)		2.0410glycerophosphocholine
phenindamine
phenindamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.3611indene
1-acetylisatin
1-acetylisatin: structure in first source		2.1510indoledione
lactulose
[no description available]		4.0740glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
2,6-xylenol
[no description available]		2.0210hydroxytoluene
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		3.110flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
2-methoxybenzoic acid
O-methylsalicylic acid : A methoxybenzoic acid that is the methyl ether of salicylic acid.		2.0210methoxybenzoic acidflavouring agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
6-hydroxyquinoline
quinolin-6-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6.		3.110monohydroxyquinoline
3-hydroxybiphenyl
3-hydroxybiphenyl: structure given in first source. biphenyl-3-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is phenol in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group.		3.110hydroxybiphenyls
diphenylamine
Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.		3.4720aromatic amine;
bridged diphenyl fungicide;
secondary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
antioxidant;
carotogenesis inhibitor;
EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
radical scavenger
3,5-dichlorophenol
3,5-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol in which the two chloro substituents are located at positions 3 and 5.		2.4220dichlorophenol
iodobenzene
iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.0210
methyl n-butyl ketone
Methyl n-Butyl Ketone: An industrial solvent which causes nervous system degeneration. MBK is an acronym often used to refer to it.. hexanone : A ketone that is a hexane carrying an oxo substituent at unspecified position.		2.0210ketone
megestrol acetate
[no description available]		2.051020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
steroid ester		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
glycopyrrolate
Glycopyrrolate: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics.. glycopyrronium bromide : A quaternary ammonium salt composed of 3-{[cyclopentyl(hydroxy)phenylacetyl]oxy}-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium and bromide ions in a 1:1 ratio.		2.0110organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt
n,n-dimethylethylamine
[no description available]		2.110
4-cumylphenol
[no description available]		2.1510diarylmethane
alpha-naphthoflavone
alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).		3.110extended flavonoid;
naphtho-gamma-pyrone;
organic heterotricyclic compound		aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pamabrom
[no description available]		3.2310
2,4,6-tribromoanisole
2,4,6-tribromoanisole: produced by O-methylation of its direct precursor, 2,4,6-tribromophenol, generally comes from sources in the winery environment		2.0510
5-methylisatin
5-methylisatin: structure in first source		2.1510
2-cyanophenol
2-cyanophenol: structure in first source		2.0210benzenes;
nitrile
2-hydrazinobenzothiazole
[no description available]		2.1510
diethylmethylamine
[no description available]		2.110
trimecaine
Trimecaine: Acetanilide derivative used as a local anesthetic.		1.9510amino acid amide
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		5.35100acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
bendazole
bendazole: also an NSAID; Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9610benzimidazoles
glycine ethyl ester
glycine ethyl ester: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110
6-methyluracil
6-methyluracil: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 6-methyluracil : A pyrimidone that is uracil with a methyl group at position 6.		1.9510pyrimidonemetabolite
n-methylpiperidine
N-methylpiperidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110
dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine
Dicarbethoxydihydrocollidine: 1,4-Dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester.. 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine : A dihydropyridine that is 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by ethoxycarbonyl groups at positions 3 and 5.		210dihydropyridine;
ethyl ester		hepatic steatosis inducing agent
c.i. 42510
Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.		2.4520
phendimetrazine
phendimetrazine: minor descriptor (66-86); file maintained to MORPHOLINES (66-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search MORPHOLINES (66-86); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0710
1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene
1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene : A methoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3 respectively.		2.1510methoxybenzenesplant metabolite
benzydamine
Benzydamine: A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.. benzydamine : A member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.		2.4920aromatic ether;
indazoles;
tertiary amino compound		analgesic;
central nervous system stimulant;
hallucinogen;
local anaesthetic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
erythromycin stearate
[no description available]		2.0510aminoglycoside
erythromycin
Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.		10120cyclic ketone;
erythromycin
4-propylphenol
4-propylphenol: structure given in first source		3.110alkylbenzene
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.		2.412017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
isosorbide
Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.		2.3920organic molecular entity
chromonar
Chromonar: A coronary vasodilator agent.		1.9610coumarins
tetracyanoethylene
tetracyanoethene: structure in first source		2.0510
2-piperidone
2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.		1.9510delta-lactam;
piperidones		EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
4-methylthiazole
[no description available]		1.93101,3-thiazolesMaillard reaction product
2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone
2-amino-5-chlorbenzophenone: structure given in first source		2.1510
4-cyanophenol
4-cyanophenol: reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor		2.0210phenolsEC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.		3.853017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
tempidon
2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinone: structure in first source		2.110piperidones
lormetazepam
lormetazepam: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for methyl group; structure given in first source. lormetazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone compound having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position, a 2-chlorophenyl group at the 5-position and a chloro substituent at the 7-position.		3.12501,4-benzodiazepinone;
organochlorine compound		sedative
vinblastine
[no description available]		2.7430
diphenoxylate
Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.		3.2310ethyl ester;
nitrile;
piperidinecarboxylate ester;
tertiary amine		antidiarrhoeal drug
hexafluoroisopropanol
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol : An organofluorine compound formed by substitution of all the methyl protons in propan-2-ol by fluorine. It is a metabolite of inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane.		3.110organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol		drug metabolite
4-phenylpyridine
[no description available]		2.0210phenylpyridine
diphenyl sulfoxide
diphenyl sulfoxide: electron acceptor for liver aldehyde oxidase		2.0210sulfoxide
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		3.8321pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
diphenamid
diphenamid: do not confuse with anti-inflammatory agent difenpiramide; structure		2.1510diarylmethane
estradiol valerate
[no description available]		2.4520steroid ester
rhodamine 6g
rhodamine 6G: RN given refers to HCl		2.1710
fentanyl citrate
fentanyl citrate : The citric acid salt of fentanyl, comprising equimolar amounts of citric acid and fentanyl. A mu-opioid receptor agonist, it is a potent opioid analgesic used in the management of labour pain, postoperative pain, and chronic intractable cancer pain. It is also widely used as the analgesic component of balanced anaesthesia.		210citrate saltmu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
carcainium chloride
carcainium chloride: lidocaine derivative with antiarrhythmic activity; structure		2.420
ethambutol
Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.		4.5470ethanolamines;
ethylenediamine derivative		antitubercular agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid
4-amino-3-phenylbutyric acid: phenyl deriv of GABA; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.3110organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine
[no description available]		2.1510
5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid
5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid: has anti-tumor, antiviral, hypoglycemic, antifungal and anti-HIV activities; structure in first source		2.1510
3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide
3,3',4',5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide : A salicylanilide derivative with chloride substituents at C-3 and C-5 of the salicylate moiety and at C-3 and C-4 of the anilide moiety.		2.0310dichlorobenzene;
salicylanilides		drug allergen
methyl phenyl sulfoxide
(methylsulfinyl)benzene : A sulfoxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the sulfur atom of thioanisole.		2.0210benzenes;
sulfoxide
prolintane
[no description available]		7.0110amphetamines
methdilazine
methdilazine : A phenothiazine substituted on nitrogen by a (1-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)methyl group; a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic properties.		2.3720N-alkylpyrrolidine;
phenothiazines		antipruritic drug;
cholinergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist
phenazocine
Phenazocine: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1095)		1.9610
sodium hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		1.9410alkali metal hydroxide
thorium dioxide
Thorium Dioxide: Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.		1.9210thorium molecular entity
antimycin a
[no description available]		2.0510benzamides;
formamides;
macrodiolide;
phenols		antifungal agent;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
piscicide
vancomycin
Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.		7.61173glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		4.5540alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
propanidid
Propanidid: An intravenous anesthetic that has been used for rapid induction of anesthesia and for maintenance of anesthesia of short duration. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p918)		1.9510methoxybenzenes
ibufenac
ibufenac: used in the treatment of rheumatism; also possesses antipyretic properties; minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search PHENYLACETATES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd. ibufenac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 4-isobutylphenyl group. Although it was shown to be effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, the clinical use of ibufenac was discontinued due to hepatotoxic side-effects.		3.5920monocarboxylic acidEC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metylperon
metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410aromatic ketone
fenchol
fenchol: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		3.110
4-n-Butylphenol
[no description available]		3.110phenols
dodecyldimethylamine oxide
dodecyldimethylamine oxide: zwitterionic detergent. dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the formal oxidation of the amino group of dodecyldimethylamine.		1.9610tertiary amine oxidedetergent;
plant metabolite
2-acetylbenzofuran
2-acetylbenzofuran: structure in first source		2.1510
metaxalone
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether
4-hydroxyazobenzene
4-hydroxyazobenzene: structure in first source		3.110
spectinomycin
Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.		3.5820cyclic acetal;
cyclic hemiketal;
cyclic ketone;
pyranobenzodioxin;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
pyrazon
pyrazon: structure; do not confuse with phenazone which is a synonym to antipyrine. chloridazon : A pyridazinone that is pyridazin-3(2H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 5, a chloro group at position 4 and a phenyl group at position 2.		2.1510benzenes;
organochlorine compound;
primary amino compound;
pyridazinone		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
clopyralid
clopyralid : An organochlorine pesticide having a 3,6-dichlorinated picolinic acid structure.		2.110organochlorine pesticide;
pyridines		herbicide
dimethylaminopropionitrile
[no description available]		2.110
2-amino-5-nitrobenzophenone
2-amino-5-nitrobenzophenone: urinary metabolite of nitrazepam		2.1510
(4-tert-Butyl-phenoxy)-acetic acid
[no description available]		2.1510monocarboxylic acid
azacyclonol
azacyclonol: major descriptor (65-84); on-line search PIPERIDINES (65-84); Index Medicus search AZACYCLONOL (65-84); RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610diarylmethane
4-nitrothiophenolate
4-nitrothiophenolate: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.110
5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol
5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol : The 5alpha-stereoisomer of androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol.		3.110androstane-3alpha,17beta-diolDaphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		2.3620organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate
Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		2.4520tertiary amine
tetrabutylammonium
tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd		210quaternary ammonium ion
dronabinol
Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.		6.85112benzochromene;
diterpenoid;
phytocannabinoid;
polyketide		cannabinoid receptor agonist;
epitope;
hallucinogen;
metabolite;
non-narcotic analgesic
amiloride
Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.		4.2150aromatic amine;
guanidines;
organochlorine compound;
pyrazines		diuretic;
sodium channel blocker
pimozide
Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group.		5.06130benzimidazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound		antidyskinesia agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
benperidol
Benperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It has been used in the treatment of aberrant sexual behavior. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p567)		2.6530aromatic ketone
flumethasone
Flumethasone: An anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in veterinary practice.		1.941011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		3.772111beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
lenacil
lenacil: Russian drug. herbicide : A substance used to destroy plant pests.. lenacil : A cyclopentapyrimidine that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione substituted by a cyclohexyl group at position 3.		2.1510cyclopentapyrimidineagrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
menthol
(+-)-menthol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-menthol. Both (+-)- and (-)-menthol are used to relieve symptoms of conditions such as bronchitis and sinusitis. When applied to the skin, menthol dilates the blood vessels, giving a sensation of coldness followed by an analgesic effect that relieves itching. It is therefore used in creams and ointments for the relief of pruritis and urticaria.. (-)-menthol : A p-menthan-3-ol which has (1R,2S,5R)-stereochemistry. It is the most common naturally occurring enantiomer.		3.110p-menthan-3-olantipruritic drug;
antispasmodic drug;
antitussive
5-phenylvaleric acid
5-phenylvaleric acid: from Polygonum salicifolium. 5-phenylpentanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is valeric acid substituted by a phenyl group at the delta-position.		2.110benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.		2.38202-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye		fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate
Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies.		4.3660corticosteroid hormone;
hemisuccinate
dexbrompheniramine
dexbrompheniramine : The (pharmacologically active) (S)-(+)-enantiomer of brompheniramine. A histamine H1 receptor antagonist, it is used (commonly as its maleate salt) for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions, including rhinitis and conjunctivitis.		3.2310brompheniramineanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
sulfadoxine
Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.		2.4720pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
antimalarial
tetrapentylammonium
tetrapentylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd		210quaternary ammonium ion
diphenylborinic acid
diphenylborinic acid: structure given in first source		2.0810
acadesine
[no description available]		2.05101-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide;
aminoimidazole;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
3-aminofluoranthene
3-aminofluoranthene: structure given in first source		210
hydroxyphenytoin
hydroxyphenytoin: main metabolite of diphenylhydantoin; reduces Na(+) inhibition at high Na:K ratios; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 4-hydroxyphenytoin : A imidazolidine-2,4-dione that consists of hydantoin bearing phenyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents at position 5.		3.110imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
phenols		metabolite
chlordesmethyldiazepam
[no description available]		2.7430benzodiazepine
butoxamine
[no description available]		1.9610
2-amino-2',5-dichlorobenzophenone
2-amino-2',5-dichlorobenzophenone: structure given in first source		2.1510
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole
2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole: structure in first source		2.1510
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		4.6780dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		2.7430organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
dicloxacillin
Dicloxacillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.. dicloxacillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl]formyl group.		4.3960dichlorobenzene;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
4-phthalimidobutyric acid
4-phthalimidobutyric acid: teratogen; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1510
azabutyrone
azabutyrone: Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.1510
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		2.3820fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene
sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.		2.4220thujeneplant metabolite
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole
2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenol : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 1,3-benzothiazole substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group at position 2.		2.1510benzothiazoles;
phenols		geroprotector
4,5-dichlorocatechol
[no description available]		2.1510
cyclacillin
Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID.		2.110penicillinantibacterial drug
iproclozide
iproclozide: structure		2.0510aromatic ether
megestrol
Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.		3.231017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent;
appetite enhancer;
contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
embramine
[no description available]		4.35210diarylmethane
cyclazocine
Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.		1.9410
n-butylbenzenesulfonamide
N-butylbenzenesulfonamide: a neurotoxic plasticising agent. N-butylbenzenesulfonamide : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted by a butyl group at the nitrogen atom. It has been isolated from the plant Prunus africana and has been shown to exhibit antiandrogenic activity.		2.1510sulfonamideneurotoxin;
plant metabolite
tranylcypromine
Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.		4.44702-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
3-phenoxybenzoic acid
3-phenoxybenzoic acid: metabolite associated with exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. 3-phenoxybenzoic acid : A phenoxybenzoic acid in which the phenoxy group is meta to the carboxy group. It is a metabolite of pyrethroid insecticides.		2.1510phenoxybenzoic acidhuman xenobiotic metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
streptomycin
[no description available]		5130antibiotic antifungal drug;
antibiotic fungicide;
streptomycins		antibacterial drug;
antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial agent;
antimicrobial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates
Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.		1.9310carbon oxoanion
Brilliant Blue
brilliant blue: coal tar derivative food dye; used as the di-NH4 or di-Na salts; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9810organic molecular entity
azatadine
azatadine: indulian (UD 21;71k) is dimaleate; do not confuse with AZACITIDINE. azatadine : A benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine having a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group at the 11-position.		4.2841benzocycloheptapyridine;
tertiary amine		anti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
cladribine
[no description available]		4.0840organochlorine compound;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent
amitriptyline n-oxide
[no description available]		2.0210organic tricyclic compound
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd. mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : The mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.		3.110phthalic acid monoester
beclomethasone
[no description available]		2.071011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug
2-(2-hydroxyethylmercapto)benzothiazole
2-(2-hydroxyethylmercapto)benzothiazole: reaction product of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, well-known rubber vulcanization accelerator; structure in first source		2.1510
carbenicillin
Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.		4.0240penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
1-naphthalenemethanol
1-naphthalenemethanol: structure given in first source. (1-naphthyl)methanol : A naphthylmethanol that is methanol in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a naphthalen-1-yl group.		3.110naphthylmethanolmouse metabolite
carbenicillin disodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
dehydroemetine
dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties.		2.0510aromatic ether;
isoquinolines;
pyridoisoquinoline		antileishmanial agent;
antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug
benorilate
benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin		2.4720carbonyl compound
trimetazidine
Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease.		2.0510aromatic amine
dexpropranolol
[no description available]		3.4820propranolol
metocurine
metocurine: from Chinese herb Cyclea hainanensis Mrr		2.0510isoquinolines
carboxin
Carboxin: A systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. carboxin : An anilide obtained by formal condensation of the amino group of aniline with the carboxy group of 2-methyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxylic acid. A fungicide for control of bunts and smuts that is normally used as a seed treatment.		2.1510anilide fungicide;
anilide;
enamide;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle;
secondary carboxamide		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
floxacillin
Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain.		2.9640penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
clomacran
clomacran: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.5920acridines
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate
Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.		1.9310
beclomethasone dipropionate
beclomethasone dipropionate : A steroid ester comprising beclomethasone having propionyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
corticosteroid;
enone;
glucocorticoid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		2.0510beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
iprindole
Iprindole: A tricyclic antidepressant that has actions and uses similar to those of AMITRIPTYLINE, but has only weak antimuscarinic and sedative effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p257)		1.9610indoles
iodinated glycerol
iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant		4.2641dioxolane
dimethindene
Dimethindene: A histamine H1 antagonist. It is used in hypersensitivity reactions, in rhinitis, for pruritus, and in some common cold remedies.		8.2160indene
methenamine hippurate
methenamine hippurate: both parts of molecule contribute to its antibacterial action		3.2310N-acylglycine
levomethadone
levomethadone : A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (R)-configuration. It is the active enantiomer of methadone and its hydrochloride salt is used to treat adults who are addicted to drugs such as heroin and morphine.		2.03106-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-oneantitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
limonene
Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.		2.0210cycloalkene;
p-menthadiene		human metabolite
olsalazine
olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.		3.8430azobenzenes;
dicarboxylic acid		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug
diazoline
diazoline: see also record for mebhydroline, RN: 524-81-2. diazoline : A five-membered organic heteromonocyclic compound containing two nitrogen atoms and a double bond.		1.9610polymer
meturin
[no description available]		2.1510
n-methylaspartate
N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.		1.9810amino dicarboxylic acid;
D-alpha-amino acid;
D-aspartic acid derivative;
secondary amino compound		neurotransmitter agent
enbucrilate
Enbucrilate: A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.		2.1510alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
nitrile
tiadenol
tiadenol: structure		2.0510aliphatic sulfide
terodiline
[no description available]		3.1450diarylmethane
trimethaphan
Trimethaphan: A nicotinic antagonist that has been used as a ganglionic blocker in hypertension, as an adjunct to anesthesia, and to induce hypotension during surgery.. trimethaphan : A complex heterocyclic sulfonium compound with an imidazolium core, used to treat hypertension.		2.6330sulfonium compoundanaesthesia adjuvant;
antihypertensive agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene
1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-3,3-dimethyltriazene: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410
phenylethylmalonamide
Phenylethylmalonamide: A metabolite of primidone.		2.4420amine
lanthanum
[no description available]		1.9710f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom;
scandium group element atom
mercury
Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.		2.6330elemental mercury;
zinc group element atom		neurotoxin
palladium
Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.		2.0710metal allergen;
nickel group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
ruthenium
Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.		1.9810iron group element atom;
platinum group metal atom
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		1.9410manganese group element atom
thorium
Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.		1.9210actinoid atom;
f-block element atom
titanium
Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.		2.1110titanium group element atom
argon
Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.		1.9510monoatomic argon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom		food packaging gas;
neuroprotective agent
cadmium
Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.		2.3620cadmium molecular entity;
zinc group element atom
chromium
Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.		210chromium group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
gadolinium
Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.		2.2110f-block element atom;
lanthanoid atom
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		2.1710copper group element atom;
elemental gold
uranium
Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.		1.9410actinoid atom;
f-block element atom;
monoatomic uranium
xenon
Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.		2.2110monoatomic xenon;
noble gas atom;
p-block element atom
cupric chloride
cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.		2.0410copper molecular entity;
inorganic chloride		EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		3.1450pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
magnesium sulfate
Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.		3.1150magnesium salt;
metal sulfate;
organic magnesium salt		anaesthetic;
analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
anticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug;
fertilizer;
tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride
Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.		1.9810mercury coordination entitysensitiser
metocurine iodide
[no description available]		2.4520aromatic ether
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		1.9810chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.4620delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
bromine
Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.		3.0450diatomic bromine
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.		2.0210metal sulfate;
zinc molecular entity		fertilizer
sodium sulfate
[no description available]		4.911inorganic sodium salt
copper sulfate
Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.		2.4120metal sulfateemetic;
fertilizer;
sensitiser
metoprine
metoprine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist		2.4420
sodium thiosulfate
sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.		3.2310inorganic sodium saltantidote to cyanide poisoning;
antifungal drug;
nephroprotective agent
deuterium
Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.		7.3720dihydrogen
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		1.9410diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		2.1310diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
butylated hydroxyanisole
[no description available]		3.110
poloxalene
Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).		2.1510epoxide
hexadimethrine bromide
Hexadimethrine Bromide: A synthetic polymer which agglutinates red blood cells. It is used as a heparin antagonist.		1.9610
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		1.9710elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
cadmium chloride
Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.		1.9610cadmium coordination entity
2-bromo-N-phenylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
trolamine salicylate
Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		4.2641
stanozolol
Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
anabolic androgenic steroid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anabolic agent;
androgen
chloropyramine
chloropyramine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		7.6530aminopyridine
ethyldiphacil
ethyldiphacil: Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
clodronic acid
Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.		2.05101,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
one-carbon compound;
organochlorine compound		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent
ammonium chloride
Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.		6.764ammonium salt;
inorganic chloride		ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine
L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.		1.9410S-ethylhomocysteineantimetabolite;
carcinogenic agent
3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene
3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		3.110ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
4-chlorohippuric acid
4-chlorohippuric acid: metabolite of zomepirac; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1510
titanium dioxide
titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.		5.0821titanium oxidesfood colouring
apazone
Apazone: An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.. apazone : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-benzotriazine bearing a dimethylamino substitutent at position 3 and a methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the nitrogens at positions 1 and 2 are both acylated by a carboxy group of propylmalonic acid.		2.0410benzotriazinesnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
uricosuric drug
4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid
4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.		2.1510chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		phenoxy herbicide
metopimazine
metopimazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0310phenothiazines
tiletamine hydrochloride
Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		2.110
xipamide
Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.		2.0510benzamides
selegiline
Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.		4.94110selegiline;
terminal acetylenic compound		geroprotector
selegiline hydrochloride, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0510hydrochloride;
terminal acetylenic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
levamisole
Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.		7.93406-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazoleantinematodal drug;
antirheumatic drug;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
immunological adjuvant;
immunomodulator
clobutinol
clobutinol: was minor as SILOMAT mapped to AMINO ALCOHOLS (63-79)		2.3720benzenes;
organic amino compound
4-n-Pentylphenol
[no description available]		3.110phenols
clemastine
Clemastine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as the hydrogen fumarate in hay fever, rhinitis, allergic skin conditions, and pruritus. It causes drowsiness.. clemastine : 2-[(2R)-1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group is substituted by a 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethyl group (R configuration). An antihistamine with antimuscarinic and moderate sedative properties, it is used as its fumarate salt for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions such as rhinitis, urticaria, conjunctivitis and in pruritic (severe itching) skin conditions.		6.72181monochlorobenzenes;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		anti-allergic agent;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
thiamphenicol
[no description available]		2.4320monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfone		antimicrobial agent;
immunosuppressive agent
pizotyline
Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods.		2.420benzocycloheptathiophenehistamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
cephalexin
Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.		4.6280beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
cromolyn sodium
Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.		5.31131organic sodium saltanti-asthmatic drug;
drug allergen
isosorbide-5-mononitrate
isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug		2.7430glucitol derivative;
nitrate ester		nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
thenalidine
thenalidine: antihistaminic, antipruritic; RN in Chemline for thenalidine calcium: 67250-62-8; structure		2.3720dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		1.9710acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
fluorides
[no description available]		2.3520halide anion;
monoatomic fluorine
edifenphos
edifenphos: structure. edifenphos : An organic thiophosphate that is the O-ethyl-S,S-diphenyl ester of phosphorodithioic acid. Used to control a variety of fungal diseases on rice including blast, ear blight and stem rot. Edifenphos is moderately toxic to mammals and fish but poses more of a risk to aquatic invertebrates.		2.0610organic thiophosphateantifungal agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin;
phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitor
danazol
Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.		4.255017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		anti-estrogen;
estrogen antagonist;
geroprotector
9-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene
9-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		3.110ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
metergoline
Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.		4.4651carbamate ester;
ergoline alkaloid		dopamine agonist;
geroprotector;
serotonergic antagonist
fenclozic acid
fenclozic acid: an analgesic & antipyretic with anti-inflammatory properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZOLES (75-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.5920
laxagetten 4,4'-diacetoxydiphenylpyridylemethane
[no description available]		3.5920
dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11h)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide
Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide: Inhibits the activity of prostaglandins.		1.9510
2,5-dichloro-1,4-phenylenediamine
2,5-dichloro-1,4-phenylenediamine: structure in first source		2.1510
iodine
[no description available]		2.9140halide anion;
monoatomic iodine		human metabolite
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		4.5640aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
metribuzin
metribuzin : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3.		2.15101,2,4-triazines;
cyclic ketone;
organic sulfide		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
cephapirin
Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
fludarabine phosphate
fludarabine phosphate: structure given in first source. fludarabine phosphate : A purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate having 2-fluoroadenine as the nucleobase. A prodrug, it is rapidly dephosphorylated to 2-fluoro-ara-A and then phosphorylated intracellularly by deoxycytidine kinase to the active triphosphate, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP. Once incorporated into DNA, 2-fluoro-ara-ATP functions as a DNA chain terminator. It is used for the treatment of adult patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who have not responded to, or whose disease has progressed during, treatment with at least one standard alkylating-agent containing regimenas.		3.2310nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
purine arabinonucleoside monophosphate		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
alclofenac
alclofenac: was heading 1975-94 (was see under PHENYLACETATES 1975-90); use PHENYLACETATES to search ALCLOFENAC 1975-94; an anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; acts also as an analgesic and an antipyretic. alclofenac : An aromatic ether in which the ether oxygen links an allyl group to the 4-position of (3-chlorophenyl)acetic acid.A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the UK market in 1979 due to concerns with its association with vasculitis and rash.		3.5920aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		drug allergen;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fenamiphos
[no description available]		1.9710organophosphate insecticide;
organophosphate nematicide;
phosphoramidate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
carbimazole
Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.		2.47201,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
carbamate ester		antithyroid drug;
prodrug
bromocriptine
Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.		4.0840indole alkaloidantidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		7.54242benzenes;
phenyl acetates
n-phenylethanolamine
[no description available]		3.110aralkylamine
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous
tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.		1.9410chloride salt;
organic chloride salt		antiseptic drug;
surfactant
4-ethylphenol
4-ethylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-ethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an ethyl substituent at position 4.		3.110phenolsfungal xenobiotic metabolite
4-heptanone
4-heptanone: marker in diabetes mellitus urine. 4-heptanone : A dialkyl ketone that is heptane in which the two methylene protons at position 4 have been replaced by an oxo group.		2.6230dialkyl ketonebiomarker;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
rat metabolite
paraldehyde
Paraldehyde: A hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects. However, because of the hazards associated with its administration, its tendency to react with plastic, and the risks associated with its deterioration, it has largely been superseded by other agents. It is still occasionally used to control status epilepticus resistant to conventional treatment. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p608-9). paraldehyde : A trioxane that is 1,3,5-trioxane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 4 and 6.		2.3420trioxanesedative
pyrrolidine
[no description available]		2.110azacycloalkane;
pyrrolidines;
saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		9.7910011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
oxyphenisatin
[no description available]		3.8730indoles
tetrachloroethylene
Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.		2.0510chlorocarbon;
chloroethenes		nephrotoxic agent
fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone: A synthetic mineralocorticoid with anti-inflammatory activity.		3.231011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
mineralocorticoid		adrenergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
ursodeoxycholic acid
Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.		4.3530bile acid;
C24-steroid;
dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
pregnanolone
Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.. 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one.		3.52203-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid		human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
butylated hydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-methylphenol substituted by tert-butyl groups at positions 2 and 6.		3.5320phenolsantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
food additive;
geroprotector
isothiuronium
Isothiuronium: An undecenyl THIOUREA which may have topical anti-inflammatory activity.		2.3920
metipranolol
Metipranolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.. metipranolol : 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma.		2.4420acetate ester;
aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
butachlor
butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group.		2.0510aromatic amide;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary carboxamide		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
4-methoxyamphetamine
4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation		1.9310
du-21220
Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group.		2.4220benzyl alcohols;
polyphenol;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
carticaine
Carticaine: A thiophene-containing local anesthetic pharmacologically similar to MEPIVACAINE.		2.730thiophenecarboxylic acid
rose bengal b disodium salt
[no description available]		2.0510
propamocarb
propamocarb: RN given refers to parent cpd. propamocarb : A carbamate ester that is the propyl ester of 3-(dimethylamino)propylcarbamic acid. It is a systemic fungicide, used (normally as the hydrochloride salt) for the control of soil, root and leaf diseases caused by oomycetes, particularly Phytophthora and Pythium species.		2.110carbamate ester;
carbamate fungicide;
tertiary amino compound		antifungal agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
l-amphetamine
(R)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has R configuration.		3.31101-phenylpropan-2-amine
alkenes
[no description available]		1.9410
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		3.0950glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine
dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer		4.0340chlorphenamine
glucaric acid
Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.		2.0210glucaric acidantineoplastic agent
ribostamycin
Ribostamycin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial isolated from Streptomyces ribosifidicus.. ribostamycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is 4,6-diaminocyclohexane-1,2,3-triol having a 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 1 and a beta-D-ribosyl residue attached at position 2. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces ribosidificus (formerly S. thermoflavus).		2.0410amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
metabolite
clometacin
clometacin: structure		3.5920N-acylindole
cefazolin
Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		4.3860beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
tetrazoles;
thiadiazoles		antibacterial drug
pivampicillin
Pivampicillin: Pivalate ester analog of AMPICILLIN.. pivampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a prodrug of ampicillin.		2.0310penicillanic acid ester;
pivaloyloxymethyl ester		prodrug
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.		1.9310pseudohalide anionmitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
amoxicillin
Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.		5.02120penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
timolol
(S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.		4.92110timololanti-arrhythmia drug;
antiglaucoma drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist
indoramin
Indoramin: An alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist that is commonly used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.7230tryptamines
penfluridol
Penfluridol: One of the long-acting ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS used for maintenance or long-term therapy of SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS.		2.0410diarylmethane
tramadol
Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.		4.7612-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanoladrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antitussive;
capsaicin receptor antagonist;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
nicergoline
Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS.		2.0510organic heterotetracyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
2,5-dimethyl-3-furancarboxanilide
2,5-dimethyl-3-furancarboxanilide: structure		2.1510
oxcarbazepine
Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy.		3.5920cyclic ketone;
dibenzoazepine		anticonvulsant;
drug allergen
carbidopa
carbidopa (anhydrous) : 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in which the hydrogens alpha- to the carboxyl group are substituted by hydrazinyl and methyl groups (S-configuration). Carbidopa is a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, so prevents conversion of levodopa to dopamine. It has no antiparkinson activity by itself, but is used (commonly as its hydrate) in the management of Parkinson's disease to reduce peripheral adverse effects of levodopa.		3.6320catechols;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
toloxatone
toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.		2.4520oxazolidinone;
primary alcohol;
toluenes
moricizine hydrochloride
moricizine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt obtained from equimola amounts of moricizine and hydrogen chloride.		2.1510hydrochlorideanti-arrhythmia drug
moricizine
Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.		3.5420carbamate ester;
morpholines;
phenothiazines		anti-arrhythmia drug
s-adenosylmethionine
acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group.		2.0610sulfonium betainehuman metabolite
amineptin
amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.		4.140amino acid;
carbocyclic fatty acid;
carbotricyclic compound;
secondary amino compound		antidepressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		5.6130azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
pirprofen
pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure		4.0940pyrroline
medifoxamine
medifoxamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		210aromatic ether
sisomicin
Sisomicin: Antibiotic produced by Micromonospora inyoensis. It is closely related to gentamicin C1A, one of the components of the gentamicin complex (GENTAMICINS).		2.4520amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic;
beta-L-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative
2-benzimidazolylguanidine
2-benzimidazolylguanidine: effects chloride efflux in tissue; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1510aminoimidazole
amdinocillin
Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.		2.0410penicillinantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		5.6151amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		13.245122taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
amitraz
amitraz: ixodicide (tick control); structure. amitraz : A tertiary amino compound that is 1,3,5-triazapenta-1,4-diene substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and 2,4-dimethylphenyl groups at positions 1 and 5.		210formamidines;
tertiary amino compound		acaricide;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
etoposide
[no description available]		4.7290beta-D-glucoside;
furonaphthodioxole;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p
[no description available]		4.37210peptideneurokinin-1 receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
vasodilator agent
acetosulfame
acetosulfame: RN given refers to parent cpd. acesulfame : A sulfamate ester that is 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by a methyl group at position 6.		2.1510organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle;
sulfamate ester		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
6-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene
6-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		3.110ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		4.3860catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
ticarcillin
Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.		2.4520penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
phenyl-2-aminoethyl sulfide
phenyl-2-aminoethyl sulfide: dopamine-beta-hydroxylase substrate; structure given in first source		2.110
diflubenzuron
Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.		2.1510benzoylurea insecticide;
monochlorobenzenes		insect sterilant
trimazosin
trimazosin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410N-arylpiperazine
halofantrine
halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria		2.9540phenanthrenes
butaclamol
(+)-butaclamol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 2,3,4,4a,8,9,13b,14-octahydro-1H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2,3-de]pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline substituted at position 3 by both hydroxy and tert-butyl groups.		2.3820organic heteropentacyclic compound
4-methylhistamine
4-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 5 position on the ring.		3.2260aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		histamine agonist;
metabolite
penbutolol
Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.		4.2550ethanolamines
etidocaine
Etidocaine: A local anesthetic with rapid onset and long action, similar to BUPIVACAINE.. etidocaine : An amino acid amide in which 2-[ethyl(propyl)amino]butanoic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. Used as a local anaesthetic (amide caine), it has rapid onset and long action properties, similar to bupivacaine, and is given by injection during surgical procedures and during labour and delivery.		2.420amino acid amidelocal anaesthetic
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		4.55701-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
adinazolam
adinazolam: structure in first source. adinazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a dimethylaminomethyl group at the 1-position, a phenyl group at the 6-position and a chloro substituent at the 8-position.		2.4520triazolobenzodiazepineanticonvulsant;
antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
sedative
amikacin
Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.		6.3161alpha-D-glucoside;
amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside;
carboxamide		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
nephrotoxin
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.		1.9710butyrate ester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
tolamolol
[no description available]		2.7430
carbidopa
[no description available]		2.4320catechols;
hydrate;
hydrazines;
monocarboxylic acid		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopaminergic agent;
EC 4.1.1.28 (aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase) inhibitor
cephradine
Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.		3.8530beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
pentafluorobenzoyl-n-phenylethylamine
[no description available]		2.1510
ticrynafen
Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis.		4.4360aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
thiophenes		antihypertensive agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
loop diuretic
methyldopa
Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		4.7290L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		alpha-adrenergic agonist;
antihypertensive agent;
hapten;
peripheral nervous system drug;
sympatholytic agent
tocainide
Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.		2.9540monocarboxylic acid amideanti-arrhythmia drug;
local anaesthetic;
sodium channel blocker
sulbenicillin
Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.		2.4520penicillin
bezafibrate
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antilipemic drug;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
sq-11725
Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.		3.6590
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		5.692505-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.		2.4320pyridinium ionapoptosis inducer;
herbicide;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
neurotoxin
vecuronium bromide
Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		2.4420organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
vecuronium
vecuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents.		3.2310acetate ester;
androstane;
quaternary ammonium ion		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		2.9140alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
dexibuprofen
dexibuprofen: structure in first source		3.5220ibuprofennon-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
benoxaprofen
benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals.		4.77501,3-benzoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
monochlorobenzenes		antipsoriatic;
antipyretic;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
nephrotoxin;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
protein kinase C agonist
thidiazuron
[no description available]		2.1510ureas
doxantrazole
doxantrazole: structure		2.8840
phenthiazamine
phenthiazamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1510
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		2.0510cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
exifone
[no description available]		3.5920benzophenones
pirfenidone
pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.		2.0510pyridoneantipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefloquine
(-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.		3.2310[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanolantimalarial
pinaverium
pinaverium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0710monoterpenoid
lodoxamide ethyl
lodoxamide ethyl: inhibits anaphylactic reactions; structure		2.8940
desogestrel
Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED).		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
meptazinol
Meptazinol: A narcotic antagonist with analgesic properties. It is used for the control of moderate to severe pain.		2.7230azepanes
impromidine
Impromidine: A highly potent and specific histamine H2 receptor agonist. It has been used diagnostically as a gastric secretion indicator.		2.8840
muzolimine
Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects.		2.0510dichlorobenzene
nitazoxanide
nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug		3.2310benzamides;
carboxylic ester
sufentanil
Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		4.5370anilide;
ether;
piperidines;
thiophenes		anaesthesia adjuvant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
acarbose
[no description available]		3.2310tetrasaccharide derivativeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent
torsemide
Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure.		4.460aminopyridine;
N-sulfonylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
loop diuretic
medroxalol
medroxalol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		2.0410salicylamides
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		4.0840aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
cefmetazole
Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
2-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene
2-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		3.110ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
desflurane
Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia.		2.0510organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
prenalterol
Prenalterol: A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME.		210aromatic ether
bicarphene
bicarphene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		1.9610
enkephalin, methionine
Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.		2.8740
Flamprop
[no description available]		2.110benzamides
lorcainide
[no description available]		2.9540acetamides
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		4.0740anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
propiconazole
Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.		2.2110conazole fungicide;
cyclic ketal;
dichlorobenzene;
triazole fungicide;
triazoles		antifungal agrochemical;
EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ceforanide
ceforanide: RN given refers to (6R-(trans))-isomer. ceforanide : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with {[1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and 2-(aminomethyl)phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is effective against many coliforms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus, and most strains of Salmonella, Shigella, Hemophilus, Citrobacter and Arizona species.		2.0410cephalosporinantibacterial drug
piperacillin
Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		4.2550penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
paroxetine
Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.		7.64171aromatic ether;
benzodioxoles;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
hepatotoxic agent;
P450 inhibitor;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril
Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.		4.82100alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefoperazone
Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.		4.0840cephalosporinantibacterial drug
staurosporine
[no description available]		2.0510indolocarbazole alkaloid;
organic heterooctacyclic compound		apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
geroprotector
foscarnet sodium
trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.4420one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antiviral drug
Arbaclofen
[no description available]		3.5120organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
mezlocillin
Kassinin: Dodecapeptide tachykinin found in the central nervous system of the amphibian Kassina senegalensis. It is similar in structure and action to other tachykinins, but is especially effective in contracting smooth muscle tissue and stimulating the micturition reflex.		2.3720
5,5-diphenylbarbituric acid
5,5-diphenylbarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1510
atracurium
Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups.		4.3660diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
moxalactam
Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.		3.1550cephalosporin;
oxacephem		antibacterial drug
nicorandil
Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris.		2.0510nitrate ester;
pyridinecarboxamide		potassium channel opener;
vasodilator agent
endralazine
BQ 22-708: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4420benzamides
bw-755c
4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.		2.6730
pergolide
Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction.		3.8630diamine;
methyl sulfide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound		antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
colforsin
Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.		2.3920acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
labdane diterpenoid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
triol		adenylate cyclase agonist;
anti-HIV agent;
antihypertensive agent;
plant metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
protein kinase A agonist
bicifadine
bicifadine: a nonopioid analgesic that modulates the monoaminergic pathways involved in pain		2.0610
cefadroxil anhydrous
Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		4.0840cephalosporinantibacterial drug
encainide
Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.		2.9540benzamides;
piperidines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
sodium channel blocker
3-acetamidobenzoic acid
N-acetyl-m-aminobenzoic acid: from Solanum laciniatum; structure in first source		2.1510
iso-sulfan blue
iso-sulfan blue: 2,5-disulfobenzylidene-isomer of sulfan blue; RN given refers to Na salt; structure in first source		2.0110
tiotidine
tiotidine: UD gives slightly different structure for this cpd; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in first source		2.4120thiazoles
nedocromil
Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS.		3.4220dicarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fialuridine
[no description available]		3.5920
cefaclor anhydrous
Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		3.8530cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
pefloxacin
Pefloxacin: A synthetic broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent active against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.. pefloxacin : A quinolone that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 by ethyl, carboxy, fluorine, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups, respectively.		2.9540fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
pirazolac
[no description available]		2.0310
alfentanil
Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.		5.971monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		central nervous system depressant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
fomesafen
fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.		6.34151aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide;
organofluorine compound;
phenols		agrochemical;
EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor;
herbicide
miglustat
miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group.		3.5920piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor
oxmetidine
oxmetidine: specific histamine H2 receptor antagonist with MW around 1.8 times that of cimetidine; differs from cimetidine by carrying an isocytosine ring instead of a cyanoguanidine in side chain; RN given refers to parent cpd. oxmetidine : A 2-aminopyrimidin-4(1H)-one derivative bearing a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl group at the 5-position and with a 4-(5-methyl-(1H)imidazol-4-yl)-3-thiabutyl substituent attached to the 2-amino group. It is a specific histamine H2-receptor antagonist.		1.9610benzodioxoles;
imidazoles;
pyrimidone		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist
haloperidol decanoate
[no description available]		3.6220organic molecular entity
dazoxiben hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1510
cefotetan
Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.		4.0840
recainam
recainam: structure given in first source		2.4520
lovastatin
Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).		4.6580delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
polyketide;
statin (naturally occurring)		anticholesteremic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
prodrug
flupirtine
flupirtine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		3.1350aminopyridine
tolrestat
tolrestat: RN & structure given in first source		3.5920naphthalenesEC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
rimcazole
rimcazole: RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source		210carbazoles
enoximone
Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE.		3.1350aromatic ketone
piritrexim
piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510
levocabastine
levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis		6.9910piperidines
simvastatin
Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.		4.86100delta-lactone;
fatty acid ester;
hexahydronaphthalenes;
statin (semi-synthetic)		EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
geroprotector;
prodrug
idazoxan
Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.		2.7130benzodioxine;
imidazolines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist
remoxipride
Remoxipride: An antipsychotic agent that is specific for dopamine D2 receptors. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.360dimethoxybenzene
quinpirole
Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.		1.9810pyrazoloquinolinedopamine agonist
balsalazide
balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.		3.2310
pravastatin
Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.		4.77903-hydroxy carboxylic acid;
carbobicyclic compound;
carboxylic ester;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol;
statin (semi-synthetic)		anticholesteremic drug;
environmental contaminant;
metabolite;
xenobiotic
cabergoline
Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia.		3.2310N-acylureaantineoplastic agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist
bambuterol
bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.		2.0410carbamate ester;
phenylethanolamines		anti-asthmatic drug;
beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
prodrug;
sympathomimetic agent;
tocolytic agent
atomoxetine hydrochloride
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine.		2.4520hydrochlorideadrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant
atomoxetine
atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.		4.460aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound;
toluenes		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
antidepressant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
quinapril
Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		3.5920dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
alpidem
[no description available]		3.8730imidazoles
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.		2.0410hydrochloridebone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
cicletanine
[no description available]		7.3920organochlorine compound
eproxindine
eproxindine: structure given in first source		2.0310
gepirone
gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source		2.0510N-arylpiperazine
mifepristone
Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.		3.86303-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetylenic compound;
tertiary amino compound		abortifacient;
contraceptive drug;
hormone antagonist;
synthetic oral contraceptive
gusperimus
gusperimus: synthesized by chemical modification of spergualin; in combination with cyclosporin A prevents diabetes in predisposed NOD mice; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (-)-isomer trihydrochloride		1.9810N-acyl-amino acid
temelastine
[no description available]		9.0731pyrimidone
trospectomycin
trospectomycin: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; RN refers to 2R-(2alpha,4abeta,5abeta,6beta,7beta,8beta,9beta,9alpha,9aalpha,10abeta)-(9CI)-isomer		2.0410dioxanes
(S)-nomifensine
(S)-nomifensine : The S enantiomer of nomifensine.		2.0310nomifensine
zaltidine
zaltidine: RN given for parent cpd; structure given in first source		210
difloxacin
difloxacin: RN & structure given in first source. difloxacin : A quinolone that is pefloxacin in which the ethyl group at position 1 of the quinolone has been replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group. A broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, it is used (usually as the monohydrochloride salt) for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs.		2.4320fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
sarafloxacin
sarafloxacin: RN & structure given in first source		2.0510quinolines
fosphenytoin
fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source		3.2310imidazolidine-2,4-dione
ranolazine
Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.		3.2310aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
secondary alcohol
fura-2
Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.		210
finasteride
Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.		4.26503-oxo steroid;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		androgen antagonist;
antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
carmoxirole
carmoxirole : An indolecarboxylic acid that is indole-5-carboxylic acid bearing an additional 4-(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl)butyl substituent at position 3. Selective, peripherally acting dopamine D2 receptor agonist. Modulates noradrenalin release and sympathetic activation. Displays antihypertensive properties in vivo.		210indolecarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrahydropyridine		antihypertensive agent;
dopamine agonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
rufloxacin
rufloxacin: structure in first source		210fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
sematilide
sematilide: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		2.4520
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		5.6751aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
(2S)-2-[[oxo-(4-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl)methyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid
[no description available]		2.0310phenylalanine derivative
clinafloxacin
clinafloxacin: structure given in first source; RN given is for monoHCl		2.7430quinolines
sertindole
sertindole : A phenylindole that is 1H-indole which is substituted on the nitrogen by a p-chlorophenyl group, at position 5 by chlorine, and at position 3 by a piperidin-4-yl group, which is itself substituted on the nitrogen by a 2-(2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl group.		3.1450heteroarylpiperidine;
imidazolidinone;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
phenylindole		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		3.85306-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
loxiglumide
loxiglumide: cholecystokinin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
aromasil
[no description available]		4.52017-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
sparfloxacin
[no description available]		3.6490fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone
zileuton
[no description available]		4.09401-benzothiophenes;
ureas		anti-asthmatic drug;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
leukotriene antagonist;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
tebufelone
tebufelone: structure given in first source		2.4220
succinylsulfanilamide
[no description available]		2.1510
orbifloxacin
orbifloxacin: structure given in first source in error (quinolone nitrogen atom not shown)		2.0510quinolines
clopidogrel
Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.		3.5920methyl ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
thienopyridine		anticoagulant;
P2Y12 receptor antagonist;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		4.0840phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
tiagabine
Tiagabine: A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES.. tiagabine : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is (R)-nipecotic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 1,1-bis(3-methyl-2-thienyl)but-1-en-4-yl group. A GABA reuptake inhibitor, it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of epilepsy.		4.0740beta-amino acid;
piperidinemonocarboxylic acid;
tertiary amino compound;
thiophenes		anticonvulsant;
GABA reuptake inhibitor
marbofloxacin
[no description available]		2.0510quinolines
mibefradil
Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.		3.74100tetralinsT-type calcium channel blocker
sch 37370
N-acetyldesloratadine: dual antagonist of platelet-activating factor and histamine		1.9810
topotecan
Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.		4.2650pyranoindolizinoquinolineantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
delequamine
Delequamine: used as a selective radioligand for alpha2-adrenoceptors		1.9810
bromfenac
bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure.		4.6680aromatic amino acid;
benzophenones;
organobromine compound;
substituted aniline		non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		5.6451organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
ibutilide
ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt		4.6580benzenes;
organic amino compound
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.		9.6980aromatic ether;
delta-lactam;
dichlorobenzene;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
quinolone		drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic agonist
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		4.0740alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
atorvastatin
[no description available]		4.2750aromatic amide;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrroles;
statin (synthetic)		environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
lamivudine
[no description available]		4.5570monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride
Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.		2.1310duloxetine hydrochlorideantidepressant
duloxetine
[no description available]		3.5920duloxetine
irinotecan
[no description available]		4.2650carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		4.2650biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ibandronic acid
Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.		3.5820
ziprasidone
ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.		5.17801,2-benzisothiazole;
indolones;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		antipsychotic agent;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
psychotropic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.4520guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
zolmitriptan
zolmitriptan: an antimigraine compound; a serotonin (5HT)-1D receptor agonist. zolmitriptan : A member of the class of tryptamines that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the indole ring has been replaced by a [(4S)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-4-yl]methyl group. A serotonin 5-HT1 B and D receptor agonist, it is used for the treatment of migraine.		4.0740oxazolidinone;
tryptamines		anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.05106-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		3.5720monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tasosartan
tasosartan: angiotensin II antagonist; structure given in first source		3.8930biphenyls
tiludronic acid
tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source		3.2310organochlorine compound
tirofiban
Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.		3.8530L-tyrosine derivative;
piperidines;
sulfonamide		anticoagulant;
fibrin modulating drug;
platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
capecitabine
Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.		3.5920carbamate ester;
cytidines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		4.94120adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
octyl gallate
[no description available]		3.110gallate esterfood antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
d-lactic acid
(R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.		2.1102-hydroxypropanoic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
fenproporex
fenproporex: was minor descriptor; RN given refers to parent cpd		210amphetamines
dimethylhydrazines
Dimethylhydrazines: Hydrazines substituted with two methyl groups in any position.		1.9610
benzylaminopurine
benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.		2.15106-aminopurinescytokinin;
plant metabolite
colestipol
Colestipol: Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.. colestipol : A high molecular weight copolymer of diethylenetriamine and epichlorohydrin (hydrochloride), with approximately 1 out of 5 amine nitrogens protonated. Due to the highly cross-linked and insoluble nature of the material, no structural formula has been assigned and no specific molecular weight information is available. A basic anion exchange resin, it is used as its hydrochloride for binding bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption.		1.9510
pipothiazine
pipothiazine: was heading 1975-94 (see under PHENOTHIAZINE TRANQUILIZERS 1975-90); use PHENOTHIAZINES to search PIPOTHIAZINE 1975-94; a member of the family of phenothiazine tranquilizers		2.0310
desferrioxamine b mesylate
desferrioxamine B mesylate : A methanesulfonate salt obtained by reaction of desferrioxamine B with one molar equivalent of methanesulfonic acid. It is an iron-chelating medicine used to remove excess iron from the body. It binds to iron in the blood, which is then passed out in the urine.		2.0110methanesulfonate saltantidote;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
iron chelator
cisatracurium
cisatracurium: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha(1'R*,2'R*)))-isomer. cisatracurium : A diester that is the (1R,1'R,2R,2'R)-diastereoisomer of atracurium, a quaternary ammonium ion consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxy functions bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. The active species in the skeletal muscle relaxant cisatracurium besylate.		2.0410diester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
halofuginone
[no description available]		2.0510quinazolines
diltiazem hydrochloride
Carex: fluoride (1.8%) containing varnish; no further information available 8/91. diltiazem hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of diltiazem and hydrogen chloride. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		2.0210hydrochlorideantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
venlafaxine hydrochloride
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		2.6830hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride
Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.		2.1110hydrochlorideadrenergic antagonist;
antidepressant;
H1-receptor antagonist;
sedative;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
fosinoprilat
fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group. fosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.		2.0410L-proline derivative;
phosphinic acids		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
ortho-cept
ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne		2.0510
trovafloxacin
trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.		4.4360
cefprozil
[no description available]		3.8630cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
ciprofloxacin hydrochloride anhydrous
[no description available]		2.1510hydrochlorideantibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol
[no description available]		3.5320stilbenoid
src-820 r
[no description available]		2.1510
mandrax
Mandrax: contains methaqualone; diphenhydramine		5.5780diarylmethane
caffeine, sodium benzoate drug combination
caffeine, sodium benzoate drug combination: RN given refers to an equal mixture of caffeine and benzoate; Merck, 9th ed, #1628 reference for caffeine sodium benzoate		1.9610
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		3.5920acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		4.2650aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
u 37883a
U 37883A: an antagonist of vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers; structure given in first source		1.9810
doxapram hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510hydrochloridecentral nervous system stimulant
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.9140D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
fenofibric acid
fenofibric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylpropanoic acid substituted by a 4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)phenoxy group at position 2. It is a metabolite of the drug fenofibrate.		3.2310aromatic ketone;
chlorobenzophenone;
monocarboxylic acid		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein
2',7'-dichlorofluorescein: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.1102-benzofuransfluorochrome
n-methylnicotinamide
N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.		210pyridinecarboxamidemetabolite
n(4)-acetylsulfadiazine
N(4)-acetylsulfadiazine: main metabolite of sulfadiazine. N(4)-acetylsulfadiazine : A sulfonamide that is benzenesulfonamide substituted by an acetylamino group at position 4 and a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is a metabolite of the drug sulfadiazine.		2.1510acetamides;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		marine xenobiotic metabolite
1,5-anhydroglucitol
1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol.		2.0510anhydro sugarhuman metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
plerixafor
plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.		3.2310azacycloalkane;
azamacrocycle;
benzenes;
crown amine;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist;
immunological adjuvant
amprenavir
[no description available]		3.8630carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		4.0940acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
4-nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta-hydroxypropiophenone
4-nitro-alpha-acetylamino-beta-hydroxypropiophenone: inhibitory agent for the differentiation of mammalian tuberculosis strains from other Mycobacteria		2.1510
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)
tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II): a fluorescent dye; structure in first source		2.0410ruthenium coordination entityfluorochrome
glutathione disulfide
Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.		2.0510glutathione derivative;
organic disulfide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
iopamidol
Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.		3.150benzenedicarboxamide;
organoiodine compound;
pentol		environmental contaminant;
radioopaque medium;
xenobiotic
histamine phosphate
histamine phosphate : A phosphate salt that is the diphosphate salt of histamine.		3.2310phosphate salthistamine agonist
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		2.6430cephalosporinfungal metabolite
16-hydroxytestosterone
16-hydroxytestosterone: RN given refers to (16alpha,17beta)-isomer. 16alpha-hydroxytestosterone : A C19-steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at the 16alpha position has been replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.11016alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid;
diol;
secondary alcohol		androgen
imipramine n-oxide
imipramine N-oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410dibenzooxazepine
tilbroquinol
[no description available]		3.5920organohalogen compound;
quinolines
quifenadine
quifenadine: Russian drug		2.3620diarylmethane
formetamide
formetamide: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.1510
bendamustine
[no description available]		3.5920benzimidazoles
erdosteine
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
droxicam
droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.		3.5920organic heterotricyclic compound;
pyridines		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
hepatotoxic agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prodrug
isbufylline
isbufylline: RN from Toxlit		2.1510
rutecarpine
rutacarpine: from Evodia rutaecarpa; an ingredient in zhuyu hewei zhitong capsules		2.0210beta-carbolines
atrinositol
[no description available]		1.9810
carebastine
carebastine: active carboxylic acid metablite of ebastine; structure given in first source		2.420diarylmethane
tedisamil
tedisamil : A member of the class of diazabicyclononanes that is (1s,5s)-3,7-diazaspiro[bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9,1'-cyclopentane] in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 are replaced by cyclopropylmethyl groups. It is a potassium channel blocker and an antiarrhythmic agent currently currently in development for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.		2.0610
esreboxetine
esreboxetine: a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor		2.0410aromatic ether
lercanidipine
[no description available]		2.4220diarylmethane
ebrotidine
ebrotidine: an H2-receptor antagonist and gastric mucosa protector		3.5920sulfonamide
web 2086
WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist		2.9140organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
mizolastine
[no description available]		4.6661benzimidazoles
iganidipine
[no description available]		2.0710
dexloxiglumide
dexloxiglumide: a CCK receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4520glutamic acid derivative
terikalant
terikalant: experimental class II antiarrhythmic drug; RN gioven refers to terikalant ((S-(-))-isomer)		2.7230piperidines
intoplicine
intoplicine: structure in first source		2.4520pyridoindole
repaglinide
[no description available]		4.2650piperidines
telmisartan
Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.		4.5570benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
benzylaniline
benzylaniline: major metabolite of antazoline; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9210
dexfenfluramine
Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.		2.7330fenfluramineappetite depressant;
serotonergic agonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
2-methoxyestradiol
2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.		3.532017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
benzeneboronic acid
[no description available]		2.0810boronic acids
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate
ethinyl estradiol-17-sulfate: RN given refers to the (17alpha)-isomer		2.0410
thiamorpholine
thiamorpholine: RN given refers to parent cpd. thiomorpholine : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is an analogue of morpholine where the oxygen atom is replaced by sulfur.		2.110saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent;
thiomorpholines
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		5.21111,2,3-triazole
4-trifluoromethylphenol
4-trifluoromethylphenol: metabolite of fluoxetine; structure in first source. 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenol : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is p-cresol in which the methyl group is perfluorinated. It is a metabolite of the drug fluoxetine.		2.0210(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
phenols		drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
phenylacetylglycine
phenylacetylglycine : A N-acylglycine that is glycine substituted on nitrogen with a phenylacetyl group.		2.1510monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid;
N-acylglycine		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-imidazoline
2-imidazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. imidazoline : An imidazoline compound having the double bond at the 2-position.		1.9310imidazolines
5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol
5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthol : 1-naphthol hydrogenated at C-5, -6, -7 and -8.		3.110tetralins
N-benzoylanthranilic acid
N-benzoylanthranilic acid : An amidobenzoic acid comprising benzoic acid having a benzamido group at the 2-position.		2.1510amidobenzoic acid
alfatradiol
alfatradiol: used for treating androgenetic alopecia. 17alpha-estradiol : An estradiol that is estra-1,3,5(10)-triene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17 (the 17alpha stereoisomer).		3.11017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
estradiol		estrogen;
geroprotector
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate
ethinylestradiol-3-sulfate: binds to albumin at 2 sites		2.041017beta-hydroxy steroid;
steroid sulfate		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen
medetomidine
Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE.		2.0510imidazoles
fluorodeoxyglucose f18
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)		4.15312-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose;
2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline
Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.		6.57141dichlorobenzene;
secondary amino compound;
tetralins		antidepressant;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
picosulfate sodium
picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure		2.0510aryl sulfate;
pyridines
cefcanel
cefcanel: RN given refers to (6R-(6 alpha,7 beta(R*)))-isomer; structure		2.0410
lr 511
LR 511: structure		1.9510
rilmenidine
Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.		210isourea
zoledronic acid
Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.		4.08401,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
imidazoles		bone density conservation agent
epristeride
epristeride: structure given in first source		2.4520steroid acid
talinolol
[no description available]		2.7430ureas
budipine
budipine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #6541		2.0610diarylmethane
dienogest
[no description available]		2.051017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
aliphatic nitrile;
steroid hormone		progesterone receptor agonist;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
drospirenone
drospirenone: a progestational compound with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity; structure given in first source		2.03103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
steroid lactone		aldosterone antagonist;
contraceptive drug;
progestin
cloricromen
cloricromen: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0410coumarins
vadocaine
vadocaine: RN given refers to parent cpd		6.9710
fenflumizole
fenflumizole: structure in first source		2.0310
butinoline
[no description available]		2.1510diarylmethane
4-hydroxyquinoline
4-quinolone : A quinolone that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 4.		3.110monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolone
n-(2-carboxyphenyl)glycine
[no description available]		2.1510
glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-glycine
[no description available]		2.110
3-methylhistamine
3-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9710
n,n-dimethyl-4-anisidine
[no description available]		2.1510
n-benzoylpiperidine
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides;
N-acylpiperidine
2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid
2-phenylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid: RN given for (trans)-isomer; structure in first source		2.1510
n-demethylantipyrine
[no description available]		2.1510pyrazoles;
ring assembly
morphazinamide
morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index		2.0510morpholines;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide
opromazine
opromazine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in 9th ed, Merck Index, #6697		1.9610phenothiazines
3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine
[no description available]		2.15101,2,4-triazines
2-amino-5-bromopyridine
[no description available]		2.1510
3-amino-1,2,4-triazine
[no description available]		1.9810
etidin
etidin: structure; geroprotective agent		210
n-benzoylalanine, (dl-ala)-isomer
[no description available]		2.1510alanine derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		metabolite
bicinchoninic acid
[no description available]		2.1510
denaverine
denaverine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.0410diarylmethane
acamprosate
Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.		3.2310acetamides;
organosulfonic acid		environmental contaminant;
neurotransmitter agent;
xenobiotic
isaxonine
isaxonine: promotes nerve growth		3.5920aminopyrimidine
enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial and antimycoplasma agent that is used in veterinary practice.. enrofloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid substituted by an oxo group at position 4, a fluoro group at position 6, a cyclopropyl group at position 1 and a 4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 7. It is a veterinary antibacterial agent used for the treatment of pets.		2.0510cyclopropanes;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent
diprafenone
diprafenone: structure given in first source		2.7230aromatic compound
mifentidine
[no description available]		1.9610
nebivolol
2,2'-iminobis[1-(6-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)ethanol] : A member of the class of chromanes that is 2,2'-iminodiethanol in which one hydrogen attached to each hydroxy-bearing carbon is replaced by a 6-fluorochroman-2-yl group.		4.0740chromanes;
diol;
organofluorine compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
uk 68798
[no description available]		4.85100aromatic ether;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
potassium channel blocker
danofloxacin
[no description available]		2.0510quinolines
ljc 10627
biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.		2.4520carbapenems;
organic sulfide;
pyrazolotriazole		antibacterial drug
hp 873
iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.		3.23101,2-benzoxazoles;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone;
monoamine;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
tertiary amino compound		dopaminergic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist
dexrazoxane
Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane.		4.0840razoxaneantineoplastic agent;
cardiovascular drug;
chelator;
immunosuppressive agent
masoprocol
Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.		2.3720nordihydroguaiaretic acidantineoplastic agent;
hypoglycemic agent;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite
fenoxypropazine
[no description available]		3.5920aromatic ether
voriconazole
Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4.		4.0640conazole antifungal drug;
difluorobenzene;
pyrimidines;
tertiary alcohol;
triazole antifungal drug		P450 inhibitor
betamipron
[no description available]		2.7630organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
fomocain
fomocain: a basic ether with local anesthetic action & relative low toxicity & systemic effects; minor descriptor (77-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PHENYL ETHERS (77-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		3.7521amine
bufuralol
bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.9540benzofurans
carazolol
carazolol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure		2.110carbazoles
aceclofenac
[no description available]		3.2310amino acid;
carboxylic ester;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
guanoclor
guanoclor: structure		1.9510dichlorobenzene
nitrefazole
[no description available]		3.5920imidazoles
epanolol
epanolol: structure given in first source		210acetamides
panipenem
panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source		2.0410organic molecular entity
perindoprilat
perindoprilat : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of one of the carboxy groups of N-[(1S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-norvaline with the amino group of (2S,3aS,7aS)-octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid. The major active metabolite of perindopril.		2.0410dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
L-alanine derivative;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cyclobutyrol
cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring.		2.0510hydroxy monocarboxylic acidbile therapy drug
cyclarbamate
cyclarbamate: structure		1.9310carbamate ester
prednisolone phosphate
prednisolone phosphate: RN given refers to (11 beta)-isomer. prednisolone phosphate : A synthetic glucocorticoid resulting from the formal condensation of the 21-hydroxy group of prednisolone with one of the hydroxy groups of phosphoric acid. It is a prodrug for prednisolone that is activated in vivo by phosphatases.		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
steroid phosphate;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
glucocorticoid receptor agonist;
prodrug
terlipressin
terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function.		2.0510polypeptide
(S)-flurbiprofen
[no description available]		2.0310flurbiprofen
siguazodan
[no description available]		2.0110pyridazinone
timoprazole
timoprazole: gastric acid secretion inhibitor		1.9610
7-hydroxystaurosporine
[no description available]		2.0410
methotrimeprazine
Methotrimeprazine: A phenothiazine with pharmacological activity similar to that of both CHLORPROMAZINE and PROMETHAZINE. It has the histamine-antagonist properties of the antihistamines together with CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM effects resembling those of chlorpromazine. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methotrimeprazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a (2R)-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group and a methoxy group at positions 10 and 2 respectively.		3.1250phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug;
serotonergic antagonist
isoflavone
[no description available]		2.0510isoflavones
clevudine
[no description available]		2.0510
9-aminocamptothecin
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
sch 34343
Sch 34343: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (5R-(5alpha,6alpha))-isomer		2.4520
grepafloxacin
grepafloxacin: structure in first source		2.9540fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
oleandomycin
[no description available]		2.110oleandomycins
squalamine
squalamine: from dogfish shark Squalus acanthias; structure given in first source		2.0410bile acid
benzoylpropionic acid
benzoylpropionic acid: structure in first source. 4-oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid : A 4-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing oxo and phenyl substituents at position 4.		2.15104-oxo monocarboxylic acidhapten
tetrandrine
tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity		2.5320bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
isoquinolines
doripenem
Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.		3.2310carbapenems
Evoxine
[no description available]		2.1510organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid
1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid: precursor of mutagenic nitroso cpd in soy sauce; structure given in first source		2.1510harmala alkaloid
oxazolidin-2-one
Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.		2.8840carbamate ester;
oxazolidinone		metabolite
atovaquone
Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.		4.2450hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
N-Benzylphthalimide
[no description available]		2.1510isoindoles
pyromellitic diimide
pyromellitic diimide: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1510
phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine
phenylalanyl-phenylalanyl-phenylalanine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer		2.110oligopeptide
octadecyl palmitate
octadecyl palmitate: found in psoriatic nail, but not in normal nails. stearyl palmitate : A palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic acid with the hydroxy group of stearyl alcohol.		3.3311hexadecanoate ester;
wax ester		coral metabolite;
cosmetic
4'-bromosalicylanilide
4'-bromosalicylanilide: photoproduct from UV-irradiation of tribromsalan; structure		2.1510
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine
2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine: histamine H1 receptor agonist inducing cross-tolerance to histamine; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		3.3570aminoalkylpyridine;
primary amine		histamine agonist;
metabolite
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane: methoxychlor metabolite		2.1510bisphenol
terephthalamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzenedicarboxamide
3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)propionic acid
3-(4-methoxybenzoyl)propionic acid: a selectin inhibitor		2.110
dimethylaminopropanol
dimethylaminopropanol: dimethylamine precursor		2.110
3(2h)-pyridazinone, 4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-phenyl-
[no description available]		2.1510
2-nitrophenylacetic acid
(2-nitrophenyl)acetic acid : A member of the class of phenylacetic acids that is phenylacetic acid in which the phenyl grup is substituted at the ortho- position by a nitro group.		2.1510C-nitro compound;
phenylacetic acids
onychine
[no description available]		2.1510
4'-methoxyflavone
4'-methoxyflavone: from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia (Fabaceae); structure in first source		2.1510ether;
flavonoids
1-benzylimidazole
1-benzylimidazole: inhibits human thromboxane synthetase		2.0510
1,3-diphenyl-2-aminopropane
1,3-diphenyl-2-aminopropane: structure given in the first source		2.1510
rivastigmine
[no description available]		4.5370carbamate ester;
tertiary amino compound		cholinergic drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
frovatriptan
[no description available]		3.8530carbazoles
eletriptan
eletriptan: 5-HT(1B/1D) receptor agonist; structure in first source. eletriptan : An N-alkylpyrrolidine, that is N-methylpyrrolidine in which the pro-R hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a {5-[2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}methyl group.		4.0840indoles;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
sulfone		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
rosiglitazone
[no description available]		4.4160aminopyridine;
thiazolidinediones		EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
insulin-sensitizing drug
2,2-diphenylpropionic acid
2,2-diphenylpropionic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1510
3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetamide
3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetamide: structure		2.1510
2-amino-5-bromobenzoic acid
2-amino-5-bromobenzoic acid: structure in first source		2.4920
2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)aniline
2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)aniline : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a 2-aminophenyl group at position 2.		2.1510benzimidazoles;
primary arylamine;
substituted aniline		geroprotector
N-Acetylhomoveratrylamine
[no description available]		2.1510acetamides
2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.1510
4-nitrophenyl dimethylcarbamate
[no description available]		2.1510
bexarotene
[no description available]		3.2310benzoic acids;
naphthalenes;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent
flunisolide
flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones		2.462011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic ketal;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
immunosuppressive agent
8-(4-tolylsulfonylamino)quinoline
8-(4-tolylsulfonylamino)quinoline: has diabetogenic properties; can be used for fluorometric determination of zinc; structure given in first source		2.1510sulfonamide
5-methoxyindole-3-carbaldehyde
[no description available]		2.1510indoles
4-phenylbutylamine
4-phenylbutylamine: used as a drug partition into lipid bilayers in a cubic liquid-crystalline phase. 4-phenylbutylamine : A phenylalkylamine that is benzene in which one of the hydrogens is substituted by a 4-aminobutyl group.		2.110benzenes;
phenylalkylamine;
primary amino compound
erythromycin thiocyanate
[no description available]		7.0510
clarithromycin
Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.		7.19111macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
protein synthesis inhibitor;
xenobiotic
2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1510quinolinemonocarboxylic acid
cp094
1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one: structure given in first source		210
6-methoxy-2,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-one
[no description available]		2.1510beta-carbolines
2-(2-aminoethyl)thiazole
2-(2-aminoethyl)thiazole: receptor H1 agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.23601,3-thiazoles
glycinexylidide
glycinexylidide: dealkylated metabolite of lidocaine; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd with dimethylphenyl moiety in positions 2,6. glycinexylidide : A amino acid amide with 2,6-dimethylaniline and glycine components; an active metabolite of lidocaine, formed by oxidative deethylation. Used as an indicator of hepatic function.		2.110amino acid amidedrug metabolite
pd 147953
[no description available]		2.1510
fenozan
fenozan: do not confuse with the phenothiazine phenosan		2.1510
Trp-Trp
tryptophyltryptophan: an antigelation agent. Trp-Trp : A dipeptide formed from two L-tryptophan residues.		2.110dipeptideMycoplasma genitalium metabolite
kampirone
1-(2-pyrimidinyl)piperazine: metabolite of buspirone; structure given in first source		2.110N-arylpiperazine
nicotine
(S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.		4.873503-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridineanxiolytic drug;
biomarker;
immunomodulator;
mitogen;
neurotoxin;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
phytogenic insecticide;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
teratogenic agent;
xenobiotic
5-phenylbarbituric acid
5-phenylbarbituric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.1510
fibrinogen
Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.		3.0550iditolfungal metabolite
moexipril
[no description available]		3.5720peptide
diethylpropion hydrochloride
diethylpropion hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diethylpropion. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, it is an appetite depressant and is used as an anoretic in the short term management of obesity.		2.1510hydrochlorideappetite depressant
17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone
17-alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone: A 21-carbon steroid that is converted from PREGNENOLONE by STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE. It is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.. 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone : A hydroxypregnenolone carrying an alpha-hydroxy group at position 17.		3.11017alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
hydroxypregnenolone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		1.9810amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin
5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin: metabolite of phenytoin; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		3.110
2-methylhistamine
2-methylhistamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the 2 position on the ring.		3.0750aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		histamine agonist;
metabolite
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate: RN given refers to (L)-lysine, unspecified salicylate salt		1.9710
sk&f 95282
zolantidine: structure given in first source		3.2560piperidines
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: RN given refers to parent cpd		3.1107-aminocoumarinsfluorochrome
levobupivacaine
Levobupivacaine: S-enantiomer of bupivacaine that is used as a local anesthetic and for regional nerve blocks, including EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA.. levobupivacaine : The (S)-(-)-enantiomer of bupivacaine.		2.06101-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamideadrenergic antagonist;
amphiphile;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
local anaesthetic
lekoptin
(S)-verapamil : A 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile that has S configuration.		2.03102-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile
tarenflurbil
tarenflurbil: R-enantiomer of flurbiprofen but not a COX inhibitor; modulates NF-kB, gamma-secretase, amyloid beta-protein;		2.0310flurbiprofen
1,3-dipropyl-8-(2-amino-4-chlorophenyl)xanthine
[no description available]		1.9810
mci 9038
[no description available]		3.5820peptide
lopinavir
[no description available]		2.7530amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
11-hydroxyprogesterone, (11alpha)-isomer
11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 11alpha-hydroxy steroid that is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 11.		3.11011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid
1-(4'-nitrophenyl)-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol
1-(4'-nitrophenyl)-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol: chloramphenicol minus dichloroacetamide side chain; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.1510
corynanthine
Corynanthine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.		1.9610yohimban alkaloid
brexanolone
brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression. brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women.		3.1103-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-oneantidepressant;
GABA modulator;
human metabolite;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
3,5-diiodothyronine, (l)-isomer
[no description available]		3.110phenylalanine derivative
dextromoramide
Dextromoramide: An opioid analgesic structurally related to METHADONE and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070). dextromoramide : An N-acylpyrrolidine arising by formal condensation of pyrrolidine with (3S)-3-methyl-4-(morpholin-4-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanoic acid. An opioid analgesic that is structurally related to methadone, it is more poweful than morphine but shorter acting. It has been used (particularly as the hydrogen tartrate salt) for the treatment of severe pain, but was discontinued in the UK in 2004.		1.9510morpholines;
N-acylpyrrolidine		opioid analgesic
droxidopa
Droxidopa: A synthetic precursor of norepinephrine that is used in the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION.. droxidopa : A serine derivative that is L-serine substituted at the beta-position by a 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl group. A prodrug for noradrenalone, it is used for treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension		1.9710catechols;
L-tyrosine derivative		antihypertensive agent;
prodrug;
vasoconstrictor agent
isopelletierine
isopelletierine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; synonym pelletierine refers to (-)-isomer		2.110citraconoyl group
phenylisopropyladenosine
[no description available]		1.9610aromatic amine;
benzenes;
hydrocarbyladenosine;
purine nucleoside;
secondary amino compound		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
neuroprotective agent
fenpropimorph
[no description available]		2.110alkylbenzene
cp 41
CP 41: structure in first source		210
beta-hydroxyphenylalanine
beta-hydroxyphenylalanine: RN given refers to beta cpd		2.1510
dimethacrine
dimethacrine: minor descriptor (75-84); on-line & Index Medicus search ACRIDINES (75-84); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610acridines
1-ethyl-2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one
[no description available]		210
1-(2-pyridinyl)piperazine
1-(2-pyridinyl)piperazine: metabolite of buspirone & gepirone		2.110
3-(n-salicyloyl)amino-1,2,4-triazole
3-(N-salicyloyl)amino-1,2,4-triazole: synthetic chelating agent used chiefly to inhibit corrosion of copper		2.1510
harmol hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.110
7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline
7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline: structure given in first source		2.1510aminoquinoline
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		2.0310D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
acridine-9-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1510
1-phenazinecarboxylic acid
1-phenazinecarboxylic acid: from Streptomyces cinnamonensis; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. phenazine-1-carboxylic acid : An aromatic carboxylic acid that is phenazine substituted at C-1 with a carboxy group.		2.1510aromatic carboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenazines		antifungal agent;
antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
4,5-diphenyl-1,5-dihydroimidazol-2-one
[no description available]		2.1510stilbenoid
2-hydroxy-1,2-bis(methoxyphenyl)ethanone
2-hydroxy-1,2-bis(methoxyphenyl)ethanone: structure given in first source		2.1510
4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzenesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
prolamins
Prolamins: A group of seed storage proteins restricted to the POACEAE family. They are rich in GLUTAMINE and PROLINE.		2.1110
4-n-butylaminobenzoic acid
4-n-butylaminobenzoic acid: degradation product of tetracaine. 4-(butylamino)benzoic acid : 4-Aminobenzoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a butyl group.		2.1510aromatic amino acid
fluoren-9-ol
[no description available]		2.1510
1-(2-carboxyethyl)uracil
[no description available]		2.1510
1-benzylindole
1-benzylindole: structure		2.1510
2,3-bis(2-pyridinyl)quinoxaline
[no description available]		2.1510quinoxaline derivative
3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol
3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-4,4'-diol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls formed formally by chlorination of biphenyl-4,4'-diol at C-3, -3', -5 and -5'.		2.1510dichlorobenzene;
hydroxybiphenyls
5-nitro-2-(1-piperidinyl)pyridine
[no description available]		2.1510C-nitro compound
2-amino-5,7-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine
2-amino-5,7-dimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine: structure in first source		2.1510
2-chloromandelic acid
2-chloromandelic acid: structure in first source		2.0510
5-benzyloxytryptophan
[no description available]		2.1510
trimeperidine
Promedol: A narcotic analgesic similar to MEPERIDINE; it exists in four stereoisomers, two of which, the beta (isopromedol) and the gamma (trimeperidine) are active.		2.6530
2,5-diethoxy-4-morpholinoaniline
2,5-diethoxy-4-morpholinoaniline: structure in first source		2.1510
3-hydroxy-3-phenacyloxindole
[no description available]		2.1510
diosgenin
[no description available]		3.1103beta-sterol;
hexacyclic triterpenoid;
sapogenin;
spiroketal		antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
apoptosis inducer;
metabolite
sarsasapogenin, (3beta,5alpha,25r)-isomer
tigogenin : A widely used steroidal sapogenin isolated from several plant species and used for synthesizing steroid drugs.		3.110sapogeningout suppressant;
plant metabolite
carbobenzoxyphenylalanine, (dl-phe)-isomer
[no description available]		2.1510
fangchinoline
fangchinoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; limacine is the (1'beta)-isomer; 7-O-demethyltetrandrine is the (1S,1'S)-isomer. fangchinoline : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is (1beta)- berbaman which has been substituted by methyl groups at the 2 and 2' positions, by methoxy groups at the 6, 6', and 12 positions, and by a hydroxy group at position 7. Isolated from Stephania tetrandra, it has been found to possess neuroprotective and anti-tumour activity.		2.4110
3 alpha,17 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one
3alpha,17alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one carrying an additional hydroxy group at position 17alpha.		3.11017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
C21-steroid;
corticosteroid hormone		human urinary metabolite
2-methoxyestriol
[no description available]		3.110
cobalt
Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.		9.0331cobalt group element atom;
metal allergen		micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine
p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.		6.18331aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		metabolite
fulvestrant
Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)-
Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.		210heterodetic cyclic peptidedelta-opioid receptor agonist
imipenem, anhydrous
Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.		2.0410beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
carbapenems;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug
cremophor el
cremophor EL: solvent for Althesin & Propanidid implicated as possible cause of similar adverse effects polyethoxylated castor oil; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; see also records for cremophor & cremophor A		1.9810
sr141716
[no description available]		2.4620amidopiperidine;
carbohydrazide;
dichlorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrazoles		anti-obesity agent;
appetite depressant;
CB1 receptor antagonist
bosentan anhydrous
Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS.		4.5570primary alcohol;
pyrimidines;
sulfonamide		antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
ecgonine methyl ester
ecgonine methyl ester: major metabolite of cocaine; RN given refers to parent cpd (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer. ecgonine methyl ester : The O-debenzoyl analogue of cocaine.		2.0610methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		analgesic;
central nervous system depressant;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
opioid analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug
2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine
2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: directly acting genotoxic metabolite of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine. N-hydroxy-PhIP : An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, hydoxyamino, and phenyl groups, respectively. The active metabolite of the dietary carcinogen PhIP.		3.110hydroxylamine;
imidazopyridine		carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
neurotoxin;
rat metabolite
fpl 55712
FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors		3.2260aromatic ketone
selenomethionine
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid zwitterion;
selenomethionine		plant metabolite
cv 3988
CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source		1.9610
l-lactic acid
(S)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (S)-configuration.		2.110(2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
2-hydroxypropanoic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
cv 6209
CV 6209: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4720
perindopril
Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline		3.5920alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
asulacrine
asulacrine: derivative of amsacrine; structure given in first source		2.0410acridines
ecopipam
ecopipam: structure given in first source		3.110benzazepine
gamma-fagarine
gamma-fagarine: active alkaloid of Chinese medicines from Dictamni radicis cortex (Rutaceae); structure given in first source		2.1510organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
cl 218872
CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure		1.9610pyridazines;
ring assembly
hydroxycotinine
hydroxycotinine: metabolite of nicotine; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. trans-3-hydroxycotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is cotinine substituted at position C-3 by a hydroxy group (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		2.0410N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
fk 888
FK 888: structure given in first source; a potent NK(1) receptor antagonist		1.9910peptide
fingolimod
fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate.		2.0510aminodiol;
primary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
CB1 receptor antagonist;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug;
sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
dihydrocapsaicin
[no description available]		7.0510capsaicinoid
n(g)-iminoethylornithine
[no description available]		2.0410L-alpha-amino acid
quinaprilat
quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril. quinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.		2.4520dicarboxylic acid;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazine butanol
alpha-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(5-fluoro-2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazine butanol: NM refers to free form; BMY 14802-1 is the HCl; structure given in first source		210N-arylpiperazine
2-hydroxyimipramine
2-hydroxyimipramine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4520dibenzoazepine
ecteinascidin 743
[no description available]		2.4520acetate ester;
azaspiro compound;
bridged compound;
hemiaminal;
isoquinoline alkaloid;
lactone;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
organic sulfide;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
tertiary amino compound		alkylating agent;
angiogenesis modulating agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
marine metabolite
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.		3.59902-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineantihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
bronchoconstrictor agent;
hematologic agent;
vasodilator agent
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		2.0110
tadalafil
[no description available]		3.2310benzodioxoles;
pyrazinopyridoindole		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
anserine
Anserine: A dipeptide containing BETA-ALANINE.. anserine : A dipeptide comprising of beta-alanine and 3-methyl-L-histidine units.		2.0510beta-alanine derivative;
dipeptide;
zwitterion		animal metabolite;
mouse metabolite
valerates
Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.		1.9410short-chain fatty acid anion;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		plant metabolite
n-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine
N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source		210
ibuprofen, (r)-isomer
[no description available]		3.8230ibuprofen
11-hydroxytestosterone
11-hydroxytestosterone: RN given refers to (11 beta,17 beta)-isomer. 11beta-hydroxytestosterone : An androstanoid that is testosterone carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at the 11beta-position.		3.11011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
androstanoid;
C19-steroid		bacterial xenobiotic metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine metabolite
norbuprenorphine
norbuprenorphine: metabolite of buprenorphine found in urine & feces; RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha)-isomer; structure given in first source		3.110phenanthrenes
tyrosyl-prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide
tyrosyl-prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide: found in rat brain		1.9910
2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine
2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine: cyclic methadone metabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.4620
ici 198615
ICI 198615: an LTD4 receptor antagonist; SRS-A antagonist; structure given in first source		2.3920
paliperidone
3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 9-hydroxy-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.. paliperidone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-paliperidone. Paliperidone is the primary active metabolite of the older antipsychotic risperidone and is used for treatment of schizophrenia.		3.87301,2-benzoxazoles;
heteroarylpiperidine;
organofluorine compound;
pyridopyrimidine;
secondary alcohol
stachydrine
stachydrine: RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt (S)-isomer; structure. L-proline betaine : An amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups.		2.0810alkaloid;
amino-acid betaine;
N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid		food component;
human blood serum metabolite;
plant metabolite
nitisinone
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
cyclohexanones;
mesotrione		EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
marimastat
marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
secondary carboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethyl)-6,9-dimethyl-6h-thieno(3,2-f)(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)diazepine
4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-(4-isobutylphenyl)ethyl)-6,9-dimethyl-6H-thieno(3,2-f)(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)diazepine: PAF antagonist		2.0110
clofarabine
[no description available]		3.5920adenosines;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol
4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-butanol: structure in first source		2.610piperidines
benzo(a)pyrene-3,6-quinol
[no description available]		3.110
arg-3-hyp-7-phe-bradykinin
NPC 567: bradykinin receptor antagonist. NPC-567 : A ten-membered oligopeptide comprising D-arginyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, (4R)-4-hydroxy-L-prolyl, glycyl, L-phenylalanyl, L-seryl, D-phenylalanyl, L-phenylalanyl and L-arginine residues joined in sequence.		210oligopeptidebradykinin receptor antagonist
sr 33557
fantofarone: structure given in first source		2.0710
3-carboxymethyl-6-benzyl-2,5-diketopiperazine
3-carboxymethyl-6-benzyl-2,5-diketopiperazine: formed in aqueous solution by aspartame; structure given in first source		2.1510organonitrogen compound;
organooxygen compound
pramipexole
Pramipexole: A benzothiazole derivative and dopamine agonist with antioxidant properties that is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. pramipexole : A member of the class of benzothiazoles that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazole in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 6-pro-S-positions are substituted by amino and propylamino groups, respectively.		3.5720benzothiazoles;
diamine		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
dopamine agonist;
radical scavenger
mosapride
4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.		2.0610aromatic ether;
benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
secondary carboxamide;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound
deramciclane
deramciclane: structure in first source; RN refers to (exo-EGYT 3886)-isomer		2.110
valdecoxib
[no description available]		3.2310isoxazoles;
sulfonamide		antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide
4-fluorobenzenesulfonamide: structure given in first source		2.1510
alphaprodine
Alphaprodine: An opioid analgesic chemically related to and with an action resembling that of MEPERIDINE, but more rapid in onset and of shorter duration. It has been used in obstetrics, as pre-operative medication, for minor surgical procedures, and for dental procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1067)		3.0410piperidines
sr 46349b
SR 46349B: potent & selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		3.1310
mitiglinide
mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source		2.0510benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
ici 200355
ICI 200355: structure given in first source		210
bw a1433u
BW A1433U: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist; attenuates hypoxia-induced AH interval prolongation; derivative of 1,3-dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine		1.9810
kadsurenone
kadsurenone: platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist from Chinese herbal plant, haifenteng; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2s-(2alpha,3beta,3aalpha))-isomer		2.3720benzofurans
l 651392
4-bromo-2,7-dimethoxy-3H-phenothiazin-3-one: structure given in first source		2.3820
emoxypine succinate
emoxypine succinate: has antihypoxic effects		2.1510
n-carbamyltryptophan
N-carbamyltryptophan: RN given refers to (D)-isomer		2.1510
2,4,6-trimethoxyacetophenone
2,4,6-trimethoxyacetophenone: structure in first source		2.1510
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		2.4920methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
levalbuterol
Levalbuterol: The R-isomer of albuterol.		210albuterol
almotriptan
almotriptan : An indole compound having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group at the 3-position and a (pyrrolidin-1-ylsulfonyl)methyl group at the 5-position.		4.0740indoles;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amine		non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
serotonergic agonist;
vasoconstrictor agent
tecastemizole
[no description available]		2.4320
mk 0663
[no description available]		2.4520bipyridines;
organochlorine compound;
sulfone		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
gefitinib
[no description available]		4.4260aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine
N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group.		2.4320adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organoiodine compound		adenosine A3 receptor agonist
acetaminophen, dextropropoxyphene, drug combination
acetaminophen, dextropropoxyphene, drug combination: RN is for mixture of propoxyphene.HCl & paracetamol;		3.3511
rmi 12330a
RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure		1.9610
desloratadine
desloratadine: major metabolite of loratadine. desloratadine : Loratadine in which the ethoxycarbonyl group attached to the piperidine ring is replaced by hydrogen. The major metabolite of loratidine, desloratadine is an antihistamine which is used for the symptomatic relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis and chronic urticaria. It does not readily enter the central nervous system, so does not cause drowsiness.		7.0874benzocycloheptapyridineanti-allergic agent;
cholinergic antagonist;
drug metabolite;
H1-receptor antagonist
1,2-hexanoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-hexanoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0810
w 7
[no description available]		1.9610
desvenlafaxine
O-desmethylvenlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of the drug venlafaxine.		4.1820cyclohexanols;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		antidepressant;
drug metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
methotrexate
[no description available]		5.28160dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
2-n-butyl-3-(dimethylamino)-5,6-methylenedioxyindene
2-n-butyl-3-(dimethylamino)-5,6-methylenedioxyindene: affects calcium-induced arrhythmias; RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-diphenyl-1h-pyrazole
1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole: structure given in first source		2.1510
4-methyoxybenzoyl-n-glycine
[no description available]		2.1510N-acylglycine
tamsulosin
[no description available]		4.42605-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
rufinamide
rufinamide: for treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; structure in first source		3.6620aromatic amide;
heteroarene
5-ethoxy-2-ethylmercaptobenzimidazole
5-ethoxy-2-ethylmercaptobenzimidazole: has activating effect on peritoneal macrophages; RN given does not give position for ethoxy group		2.1510
antiprimod
azaspirane: structure given in first source		2.0510
sulbactam
[no description available]		2.7430penicillanic acids
olmesartan medoxomil
Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION.		3.5920biphenyls
dexpanthenol
dexpanthenol: The alcohol of pantothenic acid		3.2310amino alcohol;
monocarboxylic acid amide		cholinergic drug;
provitamin
fosamprenavir
fosamprenavir: a prodrug of the protease inhibitor amprenavir. fosamprenavir : A sulfonamide with a structure based on that of sulfanilamide substituted on the sulfonamide nitrogen by a (2R,3S)-4-phenyl-2-(phosphonooxy)-3-({[(3S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy]carbonyl}amino)butyl group. It is a pro-drug of the HIV protease inhibitor and antiretroviral drug amprenavir.		3.2310sulfonamideprodrug
verticine
verticine: structure		2.0310alkaloid
5(6)-1(2h)-phthalazinonyl-4(1h)-benzimidazole-2-carbamate methyl ester
[no description available]		2.1510
cizolirtine
cizolirtine: structure given in first source; analgesic with no ulcerogenic effects		1.9710
ilomastat
CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor		2.0510hydroxamic acid;
L-tryptophan derivative;
N-acyl-amino acid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl n-acetyltryptophan
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl N-acetyltryptophan: structure given in first source; substance P and neurokinin receptor antagonist		2.0110
l 733060
3-((3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyloxy)-2-phenylpiperidine: RN given refers to (2S-cis)-isomer; L-733,061 is pharmacologically inactive; structure in first source		2.0110piperidines
ivabradine
Ivabradine: A benzazepine derivative and selective HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS inhibitor that lowers the heart rate. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA in patients unable to take BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS, and in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.. ivabradine : A member of the class of benzazepines that is 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-2-one in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a [{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]propyl} group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure.		2.6620aromatic ether;
benzazepine;
carbobicyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiotonic drug
rupatadine
rupatadine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to trihydrochloride		2.4420benzocycloheptapyridine
4-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoate
4-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoate: chloride channel antagonist		1.9910
febuxostat
Febuxostat: A thiazole derivative and inhibitor of XANTHINE OXIDASE that is used for the treatment of HYPERURICEMIA in patients with chronic GOUT.. febuxostat : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid that is 4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted by a 3-cyano-4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl group at position 2. It is an orally-active, potent, and selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.		3.63201,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid;
aromatic ether;
nitrile		EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
dilevalol
(R,R)-labetalol : A 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide that has 1R,2R-configuration.		2.04102-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
carbapenems
[no description available]		4.911
aspartame
[no description available]		2.110carboxylic acid;
dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
methyl ester		apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
n-phenyliminodiacetic acid
[no description available]		2.1510
methaneboronic acid
[no description available]		2.0810
proline
Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.		2.0810amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
escitalopram
Escitalopram: S-enantiomer of CITALOPRAM. Belongs to a class of drugs known as SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS, used to treat depression and generalized anxiety disorder.. escitalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has S-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the active enantiomer of citalopram.		3.57201-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrileantidepressant;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
teomorfolin
teomorfolin: structure given in first source		2.1510
1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(1-piperidinyl)-1-propanone
[no description available]		2.1510benzodioxoles
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin
10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin: structure in first source. pralatrexate : A pteridine that is the N-4-[1-(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)pent-4-yn-2-yl]benzoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. Used for treatment of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, an aggressive form of non-Hodgkins lymphoma.		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pteridines;
terminal acetylenic compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
docetaxel
[no description available]		2.9740hydrate;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antineoplastic agent
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		6.5153secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
irofulven
irofulven: structure in first source		2.0410cyclohexenones
atazanavir
atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).		3.5920carbohydrazideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
ym 872
YM 872: structure in first source		2.0410
n-(2,6-dimethylergoline-8-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide
N-(2,6-dimethylergoline-8-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		1.9810
levofloxacin
Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.		10.281609-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ezetimibe
Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).		3.5920azetidines;
beta-lactam;
organofluorine compound		anticholesteremic drug;
antilipemic drug;
antimetabolite
ertapenem
Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.		3.5820carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial drug
5-fluorouridine 5'-phosphate
5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having 5-fluorouracil as the pyrimidine component.		1.9310organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		drug metabolite
pentaerythritol mononitrate
pentaerythritol mononitrate: ester of pentaerythritol		6.9610
dx 8951
[no description available]		2.0410pyranoindolizinoquinoline
cox 189
lumiracoxib: a COX-2 inhibitor. lumiracoxib : An amino acid that is phenylacetic acid which is substituted at position 2 by the nitrogen of 2-chloro-6-fluoroaniline and at position 5 by a methyl group. A highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, it was briefly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but was withdrawn due to concersns of hepatotoxicity.		3.5920amino acid;
monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cilomilast
[no description available]		2.4520methoxybenzenes
conivaptan
conivaptan : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 4-[(biphenyl-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid with the benzazepine nitrogen of 2-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d][1]benzazepine. It is an antagonist for two of the three types of arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, V1a and V2. It is used as its hydrochloride salt for the treatment of hyponatraemia (low blood sodium levels) caused by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH).		3.5820benzazepineaquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
cariporide
cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0510
tezosentan
tezosentan: structure in first source		2.4520
n-(aminocarbonyl)-2-chlorobenzenesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.1510
3-hydroxy-2-quinoxalinepropionic acid
[no description available]		2.1510
8-(methylsulfonylamino)quinoline
8-(methylsulfonylamino)quinoline: has diabetogenic properties; structure given in first source		2.1510
1,2-diaminocyclohexyl platinum sulfate
1,2-diaminocyclohexyl platinum sulfate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610
sabarubicin
sabarubicin: structure given in first source		2.0410
moxifloxacin
Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.		4.94110aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
pyrrolidinopiperidine;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic;
quinolone		antibacterial drug
pralnacasan
pralnacasan: NSAID, ICE inhibitor & metastasis inhibitor; RN & structure in first source		3.5920
clevidipine
clevidipine: a calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent; structure in first source		3.8630dihydropyridine
jtt 501
JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source		2.0510
solifenacin
[no description available]		4.0840isoquinolines
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate : A methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate in which both stereocentres have R configuration. It is the active enantiomer in the racemic drug methylphenidate.		3.2310methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetateadrenergic agent
hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamine: The 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.. (S)-atropine : An atropine with a 2S-configuration.		2.0710tropane alkaloid
phorbols
Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium).		1.9710diterpene;
terpenoid fundamental parent
xamoterol
Xamoterol: A phenoxypropanolamine derivative that is a selective beta-1-adrenergic agonist.		2.7230morpholines
desmethylastemizole
desmethylastemizole: astemizole metabolite in dog plasma; structure given in first source		2.4320benzimidazoles
disopyramide, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.4420
naproxen
Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.		10.37214methoxynaphthalene;
monocarboxylic acid		antipyretic;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
cinacalcet
cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
naphthalenes;
secondary amino compound		calcimimetic;
P450 inhibitor
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		2.5420oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
lubiprostone
[no description available]		3.2310
isradipine, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
olmesartan
olmesartan: an active metabolite of CS 866		2.7530biphenylyltetrazoleangiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
telbivudine
[no description available]		3.2310pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
mdl 74156
hydrodolasetron: active metabolite of dolasetron		2.4620
tetrahydroharmine
[no description available]		2.910
peroxymonosulfate
peroxymonosulfate: oxidizing agent in prevention of tooth discoloration; RN given refers to ion(2-)		2.2510sulfur oxide;
sulfur oxoanion
cyc 202
seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.		2.47202,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
cortolone
[no description available]		3.11021-hydroxy steroid
n(4)-acetylsulfamonomethoxine
N(4)-acetylsulfamonomethoxine: main urinary metabolite of sulfamonomethoxine in pigs		2.1510
8-(4-benzenesulfonylamino)quinoline
8-(4-benzenesulfonylamino)quinoline: has diabetogenic properties; structure given in first source		2.1510
methindione
methindione: used in treatment of epilepsy; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.1510
leonurine
leonurine: has neuroprotective activity; isolated from leaves of Leonurus artemisia; has uterotonic effect; structure		2.0810trihydroxybenzoic acid
substance p, sar(9)-met(o2)(11)-
substance P, Sar(9)-Met(O2)(11)-: a neurokinin-1 receptor agonist		1.9910
abanoquil
[no description available]		2.0410
tau 284
bepotastine besilate: an antiallergic agent; structure in first source. bepotastine besylate : An organosulfonate salt obtained by combining equimolar amounts of bepotastine and benzenesulfonic acid. A topical, selective and non-sedating histamine (H1) receptor antagonist used for treatment of itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis.. bepotastine : An ether that is (S)-(4-chlorophenyl)(pyridin-2-yl)methanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a 1-(3-carboxypropyl)piperidin-4-yl group. A topical, selective and non-sedating histamine (H1) receptor antagonist used (as its benzenesulfonate salt) for treatment of itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis.		4.7132organosulfonate saltanti-allergic agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
paromomycin
Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.		3.8730amino cyclitol glycoside;
aminoglycoside antibiotic		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial drug;
antiparasitic agent;
antiprotozoal drug
3,4-dihydroxybenzophenone
3,4-dihydroxybenzophenone: structure in first source		2.1510
anidulafungin
Anidulafungin: Echinocandin antifungal agent that is used in the treatment of CANDIDEMIA and CANDIDIASIS.. anidulafungin : A semisynthetic echinocandin anti-fungal drug. It is active against Aspergillus and Candida species and is used for the treatment of invasive candidiasis.		3.8630antibiotic antifungal drug;
azamacrocycle;
echinocandin;
heterodetic cyclic peptide;
semisynthetic derivative
avasimibe
[no description available]		2.0510monoterpenoid
clorazepate dipotassium
Clorazepate Dipotassium: A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions.		3.3611potassium saltanticonvulsant;
anxiolytic drug;
GABA modulator;
prodrug
rac 109
RAC 109: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610
aminopterin
Aminopterin: A folic acid derivative used as a rodenticide that has been shown to be teratogenic.		1.9210dicarboxylic acidEC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
mutagen
gamma-propanol
[no description available]		2.1510
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS.		3.2310corticosteroid hormone
varenicline
Varenicline: A benzazepine derivative that functions as an ALPHA4-BETA2 NICOTINIC RECEPTOR partial agonist. It is used for SMOKING CESSATION.. varenicline : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that acts as a partial agonist for nicotinic cholinergic receptors and is used (in the form of its tartate salt) as an aid to giving up smoking.		3.2310
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		2.0510biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		3.73110amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
fiduxosin
fiduxosin: fiduxosin (ABT-980) is the (3aR,9bR)-isomer; structure in first source		3.5920
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		11.552253
ly 97241
LY 97241: clofilium analog; blocks heart potassium channels; structure given in first source		2.0610
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		4.911
ropivacaine
Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond.		2.0410piperidinecarboxamide;
ropivacaine		local anaesthetic
zm 241385
ZM 241385: a high affinity radioligand selective for the A2a adenosine receptor		210diamino-1,3,5-triazine
erlotinib
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
terminal acetylenic compound		antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist;
protein kinase inhibitor
homocysteic acid
homocysteic acid: promotes growth in hypophysectomized rats; RN given refers to parent cpd. homocysteic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group has benn oxidised to the corresponding sulfonic acid.. L-homocysteic acid : A homocysteic acid with L-configuration.		1.9810homocysteic acidNMDA receptor agonist
asimadoline
asimadoline: structure in first source		210
ketoprofen
[no description available]		2.0310
psyllium
Psyllium: Dried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives.		1.9610very long-chain fatty acid
melagatran
[no description available]		2.4520azetidines;
carboxamidine;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid;
secondary amino compound		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
serine protease inhibitor
2-[(3-oxo-1-cyclohexenyl)amino]benzonitrile
[no description available]		2.1510benzenes;
nitrile
bilastine
[no description available]		2.1710benzimidazoles
emd 60263
EMD 60263: a thiadiazinone derivative; a Ca+2 sensitizer devoid of any phosphorodiesterase inhibiting properties; EMD 60264 is an enantiomer of EMD 60263; structure given in second source		2.0610
alpha-fluoromethylhistidine
alpha-fluoromethylhistidine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0110
7-aminoclonazepam
[no description available]		2.110benzodiazepine
carbocysteine
Carbocysteine: A compound formed when iodoacetic acid reacts with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. It has been used as an anti-infective nasal spray with mucolytic and expectorant action.. S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine thioether that is L-cysteine in which the hydrogen of the thiol group has been replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		3.4920L-cysteine thioether;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		mucolytic
etravirine
[no description available]		3.2310aminopyrimidine;
aromatic ether;
dinitrile;
organobromine compound		antiviral agent;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
isonicotinylamide gaba
[no description available]		2.1510
5-fluorotryptamine monohydrochloride
[no description available]		2.1510
4-iodo-n-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)benzamide
4-iodo-N-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)benzamide: the iodinated analog of moclobemide; structure given in first source		2.1510
3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole
3-(hydroxyacetyl)indole: structure in first source		2.1510indoles
troleandomycin
Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.		2.7630acetate ester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyketide;
semisynthetic derivative		EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor;
xenobiotic
dibenzheptropine
dibenzheptropine: minor descriptor (65-85); on-line & Index Medicus search TROPANES (66-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. deptropine : An azabicycloalkane that is the 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl ether of tropine.		2.3420organic tricyclic compound
dronedarone
Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.		3.59201-benzofurans;
aromatic ether;
aromatic ketone;
sulfonamide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
tesaglitazar
tesaglitazar: structure in first source		2.4520
ramelteon
ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist		4.7330indanes
lapatinib
[no description available]		4.140furans;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound;
quinazolines		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
n-(4-aminophenylsulfonyl)morpholine
compound 82 208: structure given in first source		2.1510
1H-indol-3-yl-(4-methoxyphenyl)methanone
[no description available]		2.1510N-acylindole
darunavir
Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.		3.2310carbamate ester;
furofuran;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
deferasirox
Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions.		3.8730benzoic acids;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols;
triazoles		iron chelator
bms204352
BMS204352: a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels; structure in first source		2.4520
fosfluconazole
fosfluconazole: prodrug of fluconazole		2.0410conazole antifungal drug;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		prodrug
tbc-11251
sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source		3.5920benzodioxoles
tolvaptan
[no description available]		3.2310benzazepine;
benzenedicarboxamide		aquaretic;
vasopressin receptor antagonist
sorafenib
[no description available]		3.5920(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
pyridinecarboxamide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
lenalidomide
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic amine;
dicarboximide;
isoindoles;
piperidones		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
immunomodulator
regadenoson
[no description available]		3.2310purine nucleoside
roxindole
[no description available]		210indolesalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
serotonergic drug
lacosamide
Lacosamide: An acetamide derivative that acts as a blocker of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, for adjunctive or monotherapy, in the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES.		3.2310N-acyl-amino acid
cp 101,606
traxoprodil mesylate: a selective NMDA antagonist; structure given in first source		2.4520
2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole
2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole: structure in first source		2.1510
demecolcine
Demecolcine: An alkaloid isolated from Colchicum autumnale L. and used as an antineoplastic.. (-)-demecolcine : A secondary amino compound that is (S)-colchicine in which the N-acetyl group is replaced by an N-methyl group. Isolable from the autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, it is less toxic than colchicine and is used as an antineoplastic.		2.0410alkaloid;
secondary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		3.11012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
N-(1-phenylethyl)acetamide
N-(1-phenylethyl)acetamide : A member of the class of acetamides resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of 1-phenylethylamine with 1 mol eq. of acetic acid.		2.1510acetamides;
secondary carboxamide
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer
Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.		2.05103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
C29-steroid;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		anticholesteremic drug;
antioxidant;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
cortisone
[no description available]		9.0816011-oxo steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
alpha-(trichloromethyl)-4-pyridineethanol
alpha-(trichloromethyl)-4-pyridineethanol: activates caspase-3		2.1510pyridines
ml 204
ML 204: modulates both TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels; structure in first source		2.1510
eudesmin
eudesmin: RN refers to (1R-(1alpha,3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source; very similar to pinoresinol		2.1510
vincaleukoblastine
[no description available]		3.5920acetate ester;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
immunosuppressive agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite
5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol
5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol : An androstane-3,17-diol that is 5alpha-androstane substituted by beta-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a metabolite of dihydrotestosterone.		3.11017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
androstane-3,17-diol		Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite
2-amino-4-methyl-3-nitropyridine
[no description available]		2.1510
cortol
[no description available]		3.11021-hydroxy steroid
21-hydroxypregnenolone
21-hydroxypregnenolone: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer;. 21-hydroxypregnenolone : A hydroxypregnenolone that is pregnenolone which has been substituted by a hydroxy group at position 21.		3.11021-hydroxy steroid;
hydroxypregnenolone;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		mouse metabolite
2-hydroxyestradiol
2-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen; RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer. 2-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 2-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 2.		3.11017beta-hydroxy steroid;
2-hydroxy steroid		carcinogenic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug
epietiocholanolone
epietiocholanolone : A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is 5beta-androstane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta and an oxo group at position 17. It is a metabolite of testosterone.		3.11017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
animal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
rat metabolite
benzofurans
Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.		2.3720
4,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-phenyl-2-oxazoline
4,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-phenyl-2-oxazoline: Anticonvulsant		2.1510
benzarone
benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure		4.1401-benzofurans
nsc-89199
estramustine phosphate : A steroid phosphate which is the 17-O-phospho derivative of estramustine.		2.0410carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
steroid phosphate
estramustine
Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.		3.592017beta-hydroxy steroid;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
radiation protective agent
phenethicillin
phenethicillin: minor descriptor (85); major descriptor (63-84); on-line search PENICILLIN, PHENOXYMETHYL/AA (66-85); Index Medicus search PHENETHICILLIN (63-84); RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer. phenethicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-phenoxypropanamido group.		2.4720penicillin allergen;
penicillin
n-acetylhistidine
[no description available]		2.1510histidine derivative;
N-acetyl-amino acid
noscapine
Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.		3.0850aromatic ether;
benzylisoquinoline alkaloid;
cyclic acetal;
isobenzofuranone;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antitussive;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
1-(1-oxo-2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1510acetamides
homoharringtonine
Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia.		2.0510alkaloid ester;
enol ether;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
protein synthesis inhibitor
acivicin
[no description available]		2.0410isoxazoles;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		antileishmanial agent;
antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor;
glutamine antagonist;
metabolite
1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-ethoxyphenyl)urea
[no description available]		2.1510ureas
4-methoxyxanthone
4-methoxyxanthone: a vasodilator; structure in first source		2.1510
N-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-phenoxyacetamide
[no description available]		2.1510C-nitro compound
wortmannin
[no description available]		2.0510acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent
1-phenylindolin-2-one
1-phenylindolin-2-one: structure in first source		2.1510
1-(benzenesulfonyl)indole
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
2,4,4,6-Tetramethyl-1,4-dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarbonitrile
[no description available]		2.1510dihydropyridine
pifithrin mu
2-phenylacetylenesulfonamide: induces p53-independent apoptotic killing of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells; also inhibits Hsp70 and autophagy		2.1510benzenes
menthofuran
menthofuran: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; derives from cyclization of pulegone. menthofuran : A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6.		2.07101-benzofurans;
monoterpenoid		nematicide;
plant metabolite
2-benzyloxybenzaldehyde
[no description available]		2.1510
2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline
2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline: structure given in first source		2.1510
N-phenylcarbamic acid 2-phenoxyethyl ester
[no description available]		2.1510carbamate ester
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination
Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.		4.6361
o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol
O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative.		2.0510carbamate ester;
organochlorine compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid;
spiro-epoxide		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor;
retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist
3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazin-3-ol
[no description available]		2.1510benzimidazoles
bortezomib
[no description available]		4.140amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		4.43601,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
mequindox
Mequindox: a synthetic quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivative which can effectively improve growth and feed efficiency in animals; structure in first source		2.1510
nexavar
[no description available]		2.0510organosulfonate salt
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		210
N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide
[no description available]		2.1510diarylmethane
carboplatin
[no description available]		6.28104
rimiterol
rimiterol: was heading 1977-94 (see under CATECHOLS 1977-90); use CATECHOLS to search RIMITEROL 1977-94; predominantly a beta 2 stimulant, therefore affects the cardiovascular system less than isoproterenol, but its action is of shorter duration than that of albuterol		210catechols
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.6730inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
glycogen
glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.		2.3620
fibrin
Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.		2.6530peptide
bradykinin
[no description available]		9.9370oligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		2.4120D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
carnosine
polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth		4.680amino acid zwitterion;
dipeptide		anticonvulsant;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent
raffinose
Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.		2.4720raffinose family oligosaccharide;
trisaccharide		mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		3.110(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
oxytocin
Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.		4.5680heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone		oxytocic;
vasodilator agent
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.		2.3820myo-inositol trisphosphatemouse metabolite
ouabain
Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.		3.559011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
14beta-hydroxy steroid;
5beta-hydroxy steroid;
alpha-L-rhamnoside;
cardenolide glycoside;
steroid hormone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
ion transport inhibitor;
plant metabolite
pentostatin
Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia.		3.2310coformycinsantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Aspergillus metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor
nitroarginine
Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.		2.4620guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
N-nitro compound;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
inositol 3-phosphate
inositol 3-phosphate: RN given refers to (myo)-isomer		3.4311
2-hydroxyestrone
2-hydroxyestrone: catechol estrogen which is a major metabolite of estradiol in man & animals; RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-hydroxyestrone : A 2-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.		3.1102-hydroxy steroid;
catechols		human metabolite
cortodoxone
Cortodoxone: 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities.. 11-deoxycortisol : A deoxycortisol that is cortisol in which the hydroxy group at position 11 has been replaced by a hydrogen.		2.0210deoxycortisol;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
fructans
(2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.		2.2510
strychnine
Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.		9.92120monoterpenoid indole alkaloid;
organic heteroheptacyclic compound		avicide;
cholinergic antagonist;
glycine receptor antagonist;
neurotransmitter agent;
rodenticide
quinidine
Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.		6.06380cinchona alkaloidalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antimalarial;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
muscarinic antagonist;
P450 inhibitor;
potassium channel blocker;
sodium channel blocker
meropenem
Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.		6.3361alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
carbapenemcarboxylic acid;
organic sulfide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide		antibacterial agent;
antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
griseofulvin
Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.		4.61801-benzofurans;
antibiotic antifungal drug;
benzofuran antifungal drug;
organochlorine compound;
oxaspiro compound		antibacterial agent;
Penicillium metabolite
cefoxitin
Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.		3.5820beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
cephalosporin;
cephamycin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
digitoxin
Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.		2.940cardenolide glycosideEC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
trimeprazine tartrate
[no description available]		6.9310
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		4.7790L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
pentazocine
Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)		3.4680benzazocine
pancuronium
Pancuronium: A bis-quaternary steroid that is a competitive nicotinic antagonist. As a neuromuscular blocking agent it is more potent than CURARE but has less effect on the circulatory system and on histamine release.. pancuronium : A steroid ester in which a 5alpha-androstane skeleton is C-3alpha- and C-17beta-disubstituted with acetoxy groups and 2beta- and 16beta-disubstituted with 1-methylpiperidinium-1-yl groups. It is a non-depolarizing curare-mimetic muscle relaxant.		3.5820acetate ester;
steroid ester		cholinergic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
rocuronium
Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.44203alpha-hydroxy steroid;
acetate ester;
androstane;
morpholines;
quaternary ammonium ion;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		4.42602,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
epiandrosterone
epiandrosterone : A 3beta-hydroxy steroid that is (5alpha)-androstane substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17.		3.11017-oxo steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid;
androstanoid		androgen;
human metabolite
netilmicin
Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.		2.7430
trimethaphan camsylate
trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan.		2.0510
miglitol
[no description available]		3.8530piperidines
metyrosine
alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma.		3.8730L-tyrosine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antihypertensive agent;
EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mefloquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0110
erythromycin estolate
Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.		2.4620aminoglycoside sulfate salt;
erythromycin derivative		enzyme inhibitor
bacampicillin
bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin.		2.0310penicillanic acid esterprodrug
linezolid
[no description available]		9.460acetamides;
morpholines;
organofluorine compound;
oxazolidinone		antibacterial drug;
protein synthesis inhibitor
norpseudoephedrine
norpseudoephedrine: major metabolite of diethylpropion in man under acidic urine conditions; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation;. cathine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1S,2S-stereoisomer).		2.420amphetamines;
phenethylamine alkaloid		central nervous system stimulant;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug
phorbol
phorbol: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9b beta))-isomer; synonym isophorbol refers to (4a alpha)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7143. phorbol : A diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions.		1.9710cyclic ketone;
enone;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid
naringin
[no description available]		3.110(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
Girgensonine
[no description available]		2.1510nitrile
Dubinidine
[no description available]		2.1510organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
cyclopamine
[no description available]		2.0510piperidinesglioma-associated oncogene inhibitor
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.3720
acriflavine
Acriflavine: 3,6-Diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride mixt. with 3,6-acridinediamine. Fluorescent dye used as a local antiseptic and also as a biological stain. It intercalates into nucleic acids thereby inhibiting bacterial and viral replication.		1.9610
1-alpha-terpineol
(S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol : The (S)-enantiomer of alpha-terpineol.		3.110alpha-terpineolplant metabolite
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.		2.6830tripeptide
devazepide
Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.		2.43201,4-benzodiazepinone;
indolecarboxamide		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
cholecystokinin antagonist;
gastrointestinal drug
teprotide
Teprotide: A synthetic nonapeptide (Pyr-Trp-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) which is identical to the peptide from the venom of the snake, Bothrops jararaca. It inhibits kininase II and ANGIOTENSIN I and has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.		1.9710peptide
chloramphenicol palmitate
chloramphenicol palmitate: RN given refers to ((R-(R*,R*))-isomer)		2.0310hexadecanoate ester
clindamycin phosphate
[no description available]		3.2310
diprenorphine
Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.		3.110morphinane alkaloid
mepirodipine
mepirodipine: RN & structure given in first source; RN refers to (S,S)-isomer		2.0710dihydropyridine
eplerenone
Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		3.23103-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
epoxy steroid;
gamma-lactone;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
steroid acid ester		aldosterone antagonist;
antihypertensive agent
tolterodine
[no description available]		4.7590tertiary amineantispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant
ergonovine
Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.		1.9510ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
primary alcohol;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		diagnostic agent;
fungal metabolite;
oxytocic;
toxin
doxorubicin hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510anthracycline
halcinonide
Halcinonide: A glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of DERMATITIS; ECZEMA; or PSORIASIS. It may cause skin irritation.		1.9610organic molecular entitySMO receptor agonist
dironyl
dironyl: pronounced antifertility agent in rats; lactation suppressor in other species; serotonin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		210organic molecular entity
erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections.		2.4120cyclic ketone;
erythromycin derivative;
ethyl ester;
succinate ester
vinpocetine
vinpocetine: whole issue of Arzneim Forsch (23 articles) discuss this drug; Arzneim Forsch 26(10a);1976; RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation		2.4720alkaloidgeroprotector
ao 128
AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source		2.0510organic molecular entity
sultamicillin
sultamicillin: contains ampicillin & sulbactam		4.911penicillanic acid ester
darifenacin
darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.		3.58201-benzofurans;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidines		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
fluticasone propionate
fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.		2.041011beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
propanoate ester;
steroid ester;
thioester		adrenergic agent;
anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
dermatologic drug
acarbose
[no description available]		2.7430amino cyclitol;
glycoside
maleic acid
maleic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer which is maleic acid; all RR's given refer to (Z)-isomer; (E)-isomer is fumaric acid. maleic acid : A butenedioic acid in which the double bond has cis- (Z)-configuration.		2.2510butenedioic acidalgal metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid
cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid		2.110cinnamic acidplant metabolite
ergosterol
[no description available]		3.1103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
ergostanoid;
phytosterols		fungal metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoin
Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.		4.7450retinoic acid;
vitamin A		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
AP-1 antagonist;
human metabolite;
keratolytic drug;
retinoic acid receptor agonist;
retinoid X receptor agonist;
signalling molecule
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		3.2560icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phosphoramidon
phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.		1.9810deoxyaldohexose phosphate;
dipeptide		bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		4.911resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
retinol
Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).		4.5240retinol;
vitamin A		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position.		2.0510D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate
docosahexaenoate
efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19.		2.0510docosahexaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
oleic acid
Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.4220octadec-9-enoic acidantioxidant;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
solvent
tacrolimus
Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.		4.6680macrolide lactambacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		3.110ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		4.6332D-galactopyranuronic acid
cerivastatin
cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.7430dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pyridines;
statin (synthetic)
rosuvastatin
rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer).		4.0840dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidines;
statin (synthetic);
sulfonamide		anti-inflammatory agent;
antilipemic drug;
cardioprotective agent;
CETP inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cocaine
Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.		9.15513benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound;
tropane alkaloid		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
central nervous system stimulant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
serotonin uptake inhibitor;
sodium channel blocker;
sympathomimetic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent;
xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid
icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.		2.0510icosapentaenoic acid;
omega-3 fatty acid		anticholesteremic drug;
antidepressant;
antineoplastic agent;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
fungal metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		4.57402-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
tetragastrin
Tetragastrin: L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.. tetragastrin : A tetrapeptide composed of L-tryptophan, L-methione, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence.		2.3820peptidyl amide;
tetrapeptide		anxiogenic;
human metabolite
clindamycin
Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.		4.2650
fosfomycin
Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.		4.0840epoxide;
phosphonic acids		antimicrobial agent;
EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax
Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.		4.84100macrolide antibioticantibacterial drug;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
drf 2725
ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma		2.0510
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide)
Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.		2.4120adenosines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		adenosine A1 receptor agonist;
adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
benzoylecgonine
benzoylecgonine: cocaine is benzoyl methyl ecgonine; RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer; structure. ecgonine benzoate : A benzoate ester metabolite of cocaine formed by hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, catalysed by carboxylesterases.		2.110benzoate ester;
tropane alkaloid		epitope;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
marine xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
prostaglandin d2
Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).		2.3820prostaglandins Dhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol
Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.		4.250olefinic compound;
polyphenol		antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inducer;
calcium channel blocker;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor;
endocrine disruptor;
xenoestrogen
bms 214662
7-cyano-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-3-(phenylmethyl)-4-(2-thienylsulfonyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine: a farnesyltransferase inhibitor; structure in first source. BMS-214662 : A member of the class of benzodiazepines that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine substituted by (1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, benzyl, (thiophen-2-yl)sulfonyl, and cyano groups at positions 1, 3R, 4 and 7, respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of farnesyltransferase (IC50 = 1.35nM) which was under clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors.		2.0410benzenes;
benzodiazepine;
imidazoles;
nitrile;
sulfonamide;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
octreotide
[no description available]		3.2310
eptifibatide
[no description available]		3.5820homodetic cyclic peptide;
macrocycle;
organic disulfide		anticoagulant;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
alitretinoin
Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.		2.0510retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
metabolite;
retinoid X receptor agonist
gs 4071
GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.		2.4520acetate ester;
amino acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
decitabine
[no description available]		4.08402'-deoxyribonucleoside
sm 8668
Sch 39304: Sch 42427 is the active entantiomer of the antifungal agent Sch 39304 which consists of Sch 42426 & Sch 42427; Sch 42426, the (S,S)-isomer, is inactive		2.0410
teniposide
[no description available]		4.0840aromatic ether;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclic acetal;
furonaphthodioxole;
gamma-lactone;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
thiophenes		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
troxacitabine
troxacitabine: shows good anti-HIV activity without cytotoxicity		2.0410carbohydrate derivative;
nucleobase-containing molecular entity
ketoconazole
(2R,4S)-ketoconazole : A cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine which dioxolane moiety has (2R,4S)-configuration.		2.1310cis-1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine
cefamandole
Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.		2.7530cephalosporin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		3.8730actinomycinmutagen
tiazofurin
tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase).		2.45201,3-thiazoles;
C-glycosyl compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
prodrug
N-[4-(methanesulfonamido)phenyl]acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
melphalan
Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.		6.3261L-phenylalanine derivative;
nitrogen mustard;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
drug allergen;
immunosuppressive agent
sitafloxacin
[no description available]		2.4520fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
quinolines;
quinolone antibiotic
enkephalin, leucine
Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.		2.8740pentapeptide;
peptide zwitterion		analgesic;
delta-opioid receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
neurotransmitter;
rat metabolite
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.2650nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
posaconazole
[no description available]		3.2310aromatic ether;
conazole antifungal drug;
N-arylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
oxolanes;
triazole antifungal drug;
triazoles		trypanocidal drug
dibekacin
Dibekacin: Analog of KANAMYCIN with antitubercular as well as broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties.. dibekacin : A kanamycin that is kanamycin B lacking the 3- and 4-hydroxy groups on the 2,6-diaminosugar ring.		2.0410kanamycinsantibacterial agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
rubitecan
rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin.		2.0510C-nitro compound;
delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
semisynthetic derivative;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
micafungin
Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.		3.8630antibiotic antifungal drug;
echinocandin		antiinfective agent
acetylshikonin
acetylshikonin: from roots of Boraginacea; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9810
4-(2-oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridinyl)aniline
[no description available]		2.15101,3-oxazoles
riboflavin
vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).		4.3260flavin;
vitamin B2		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food colouring;
fundamental metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
photosensitizing agent;
plant metabolite
2-[(4-nitrophenyl)methylthio]-1,3-benzoxazole
[no description available]		2.1510benzoxazole
potassium permanganate
Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)		1.9410
sodium bicarbonate
Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.		8.03153one-carbon compound;
organic sodium salt		antacid;
food anticaking agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous
Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.		2.0510organic sodium saltNMR chemical shift reference compound
sodium benzoate
Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.		2.4420organic sodium saltalgal metabolite;
antimicrobial food preservative;
drug allergen;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
ammonium acetate
ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.		2.0310acetate salt;
ammonium salt		buffer;
food acidity regulator
arsenic trioxide
Tetraarsenic Oxide: A form of As2O3 that exists as As4O6 in the solid state. It dissociates to As2O3 upon heating to the vapor phase above 800 degrees Celsius.		3.2310arsenic oxideantineoplastic agent;
insecticide
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		5.06101organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
ditiocarb sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic molecular entity
3-oxido-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-f]cinnolin-3-ium
[no description available]		2.1510pyridazines
3-(2,4-difluoroanilino)-5,5-dimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enone
[no description available]		2.1510substituted aniline
1-phenyl-4-pyrazolol
[no description available]		2.1510pyrazoles;
ring assembly
3-(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)-1,2-benzothiazole 1,1-dioxide
[no description available]		2.1510benzothiazoles
3-benzamido-2-benzofurancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzofurans
N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510acetamides
N-[2-(3-methylphenoxy)ethyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ether
2-(1H-indol-3-ylthio)acetic acid
[no description available]		2.1510indoles
3-bromo-N-[2-(4-nitroanilino)ethyl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
diphenylmethoxyacetic acid
diphenylmethoxyacetic acid: structure given in first source		7.9340
3-Methylbenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1510benzofurans
5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2H-tetrazole
[no description available]		2.1510tetrazoles
1-(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl-4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines
4-[[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methyl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol
[no description available]		2.1510alkylbenzene
2-phenylindole-3-carbaldehyde
2-phenylindole-3-carbaldehyde: structure in first source		2.1510
artemisin
[no description available]		2.0610
4-(2-pyridinylthio)benzofuro[3,2-d]pyrimidine
[no description available]		2.1510aryl sulfide
5-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-phenyl-2-thiazolamine
[no description available]		2.1510C-nitro compound
3-[6-(4-aminophenyl)-2-phenyl-4-pyrimidinyl]aniline
[no description available]		2.1510pyrimidines
sr 90107
fondaparinux sodium : An organic sodium salt, being the decasodium salt of fondaparinux.		3.2310
carbenoxolone
[no description available]		2.0510
meglumine iodipamide
[no description available]		3.2310organoammonium saltradioopaque medium
geraniol
[no description available]		3.1103,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol;
monoterpenoid;
primary alcohol		allergen;
fragrance;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
glycosides
[no description available]		2.3520
isomethyleugenol
Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		2.6530isomethyleugenol
7-methoxyisoflavone
7-methoxyisoflavone : A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 7.		2.15107-methoxyisoflavones
squalene
Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate		2.0410triterpenehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		2.3320stilbene
thyrotropin-releasing hormone
PR 546: no other info available 9/89. protirelin : A tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutamyl, L-histidyl and L-prolinamide residues joined in sequence.		3.2310peptide hormone;
tripeptide		human metabolite
chloroquine diphosphate
[no description available]		2.0310chloroquine
sorbic acid
Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.		2.110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
sorbic acid
rauwolscine
Rauwolscine: A stereoisomer of yohimbine.		1.9610methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate
discodermolide
[no description available]		2.0510diterpenoid
dextromethadone
D-methadone: an NMDA receptor antagonist analgesic that lacks opioid activity. dextromethadone : A 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one that has (S)-configuration. It is the less active enantiomer of methadone and has very little activity on opioid receptors and mainly responsible for the inhibition of hERG K+ channels and thus for cardiac toxicity. The drug is currently under clinical development for the treatment of major depressive disorder.		2.03106-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-oneNMDA receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
cocaethylene
cocaethylene: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer; cocaine metabolite produced in vivo when cocaine and ethanol are taken together; as potent as cocaine in blocking uptake of the neurotransmitter dopamine synapses		2.110benzoate ester
cannabidiol
Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.		2.0510olefinic compound;
phytocannabinoid;
resorcinols		antimicrobial agent;
plant metabolite
arginine vasopressin
Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.		3.7830vasopressincardiovascular drug;
hematologic agent;
mitogen
s 1033
[no description available]		3.2310(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
imidazoles;
pyridines;
pyrimidines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
calmidazolium
calmidazolium chloride : The organic choride salt of calmidazolium.		2.110organic chloride saltapoptosis inducer;
calmodulin antagonist
LSM-32392
[no description available]		2.1510monoterpenoid
N-[2-(1-cyclohexenyl)ethyl]-4-(4-morpholinylmethyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
1-(1-benzimidazolyl)-3-(1-cyclohex-3-enylmethoxy)-2-propanol
[no description available]		2.1510benzimidazoles
N-[2-(2-furanylmethylthio)ethyl]-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
3-acetamido-5-chloro-2-benzofurancarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1510benzofurans
[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)methanone
[no description available]		2.1510dimethoxybenzene
4-[4-methyl-6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.1510N-arylpiperazine
haplamine
haplamine: isolated from Haplophyllum acutifolium; structure in first source		2.1510organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine
[no description available]		2.1510triazoles
2-ethoxy-N-[4-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)phenyl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
2-[(5-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio]-1-phenylethanone
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
mezlocillin
Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.		2.4520penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
flutropium bromide
flutropium bromide: structure given in first source. flutropium bromide : The organic bromide salt of flutropium. It is used in Japan for the treatment asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.		1.9710
iothalamate meglumine
Iothalamate Meglumine: A radiopaque medium used for urography, angiography, venography, and myelography. It is highly viscous and binds to plasma proteins.		2.3720amidobenzoic acid
ferlixit
ferlixit: used to induce siderosis in femal Wistar albino rats		2.4320polymer
tropisetron
Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.		4.131indolyl carboxylic acid
leuprolide
Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.		2.4620oligopeptideanti-estrogen;
antineoplastic agent;
gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
fludarabine
[no description available]		2.0410purine nucleoside
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		4.7990pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
ipratropium
[no description available]		2.0710
physostigmine salicylate
[no description available]		6.9510azaheterocycle salicylate salt;
salicylates
n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine
[no description available]		2.0110
1-ethyl-6-methoxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1510quinolines
2-(pyridin-4-yl)-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)quinazoline
2-(pyridin-4-yl)-4-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)quinazoline : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by pyridin-4-yl and pyrrolidin-1-yl groups, respectively.		2.1510pyridines;
pyrrolidines;
quinazolines
prothionamide
Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents.		2.0510pyridines
chlorprothixene
Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.		3.0750chlorprothixene
dienestrol
Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively.		3.110
doxepin hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.8630
etomidate
Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.		4.0740ethyl ester;
imidazoles		intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative
mercaptopurine
Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.		4.81100aryl thiol;
purines;
thiocarbonyl compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
dexketoprofen
dexketoprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is (S)-hydratropic acid substituted at position 3 on the phenyl ring by a benzoyl group. A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, it is used to relieve short-term pain, such as muscular pain, dental pain and dysmenorrhoea.		2.0310benzophenones;
monocarboxylic acid		cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
scp 1
[no description available]		2.1510
N-(3-acetamidophenyl)-4-methoxybenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
N-(3-acetamidophenyl)-3-chlorobenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
4-methoxy-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
bemesetron
[no description available]		3.7921
N-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-phenylmethoxybenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
N-[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
furans
N-(2-furanylmethyl)-2-benzofurancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzofurans
phenylthiourea
Phenylthiourea: Phenylthiourea is a THIOUREA derivative containing a phenyl ring. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans can find it either bitter-tasting or tasteless.. N-phenylthiourea : A member of the class of thioureas that is thiourea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a phenyl group. Depending on their genetic makeup, humans find it either very bitter-tasting or tasteless. This unusual property resulted in N-phenylthiourea being used in paternity testing prior to the advent of DNA testing.		3.0610thioureasEC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
5-(2-phenylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amine;
thiadiazoles
te 5
[no description available]		2.1510
2-[[anilino(oxo)methyl]amino]-4,5-dimethyl-3-thiophenecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510ureas
N-(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzothiazol-2-amine
[no description available]		2.1510benzothiazoles
6-methylflavone
6-methylflavone: structure in first source		2.1510
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		2.1510caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
2-methoxy-N-(2-pyridinyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
2-chloro-N-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
N1-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-4-nitrobenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510C-nitro compound
N-[2-(1-cyclohexenyl)ethyl]-4-fluorobenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
tioxazafen
tioxazafen : A 1,2,4-oxadizole in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 5 have been replaced by phenyl and thiophen-2-yl groups, respectively. It is used as a broad spectrum nematicidal seed treatment.		2.15101,2,4-oxadiazole;
thiophenes		agrochemical;
nematicide
N-[5-(2-methylpropyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-thiophen-2-ylacetamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide
1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-nitroethylene
4-methoxy-beta-nitrostyrene: has vasodilator activity; structure in first source		2.1510methoxybenzenes
captax
captax: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol : 1,3-Benzothiazole substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group.		3.110aryl thiol;
benzothiazoles		carcinogenic agent;
metabolite
ondansetron, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
diphenylthiourea
N,N'-diphenylthiourea : Thiourea in which each nitrogen carries a phenyl substituent.		1.9310thioureasallergen
brd32048
BRD32048: inhibits ETV1 oncoprotein; structure in first source		2.1510methoxybenzenes;
substituted aniline
2-(4-chloro-3-methylphenoxy)-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ether
2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine
[no description available]		2.1510imidazoles
5-(2-phenyl-4-triazolyl)-2H-tetrazole
[no description available]		2.1510triazoles
N-cyclohexyl-2,3-dihydroindole-1-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510indolyl carboxylic acid
pyrantel
Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.		3.23101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
thiophenes		antinematodal drug
4-(benzylsulfanyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine
4-(benzylsulfanyl)thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine : A thienopyrimidine that is thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by a benzylsulfanediyl group.		2.1510aryl sulfide;
benzenes;
thienopyrimidine
2-methyl-5-(5-methyl-2-furanyl)-3-(1-pyrrolyl)-4-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidinone
[no description available]		2.1510organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
organosulfur heterocyclic compound
1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-5-methoxy-N-methyl-2-indolecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510indolecarboxamide
dexchlorpheniramine
[no description available]		2.4120chlorphenamine
N-(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-3-methoxybenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinoline
[no description available]		2.1510quinolines
1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-[(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)thio]ethan-1-one
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
N-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-benzofurancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
furans
N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-benzofurancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
furans
2-(9h-xanthen-9-yl)-malonic acid
[no description available]		2.1510xanthenes
1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-phenylurea
[no description available]		2.1510ureas
1-hydroxy-2-phenyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-benzimidazol-4-one
[no description available]		2.1510imidazoles
N-(4-acetamidophenyl)-2-bromobenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
4-bromo-N-phenacylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
1-(2,3-dihydroindol-1-yl)-2-(phenylthio)ethanone
[no description available]		2.1510indoles
urocanic acid
Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.. urocanic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is prop-2-enoic acid substituted by a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. It is a metabolite of hidtidine.. trans-urocanic acid : A urocanic acid in which the double bond of the carboxyethene moiety has E configuration.		1.9810urocanic acidhuman metabolite
N-[6-methyl-2-(4-methylphenyl)-5-benzotriazolyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510triazoles
N,N-dimethyl-N'-p-tolylsulfamide
N,N-dimethyl-N'-p-tolylsulfamide : A member of the class of sulfamides that is N,N-dimethylsulfuric diamide substituted by a 4-methylphenyl group at the amino nitrogen atom. It is a metabolite of the agrochemical tolylfluanid.		2.1510sulfamidesmarine xenobiotic metabolite
2-(1-piperidinylmethyl)phenol
2-(1-piperidinylmethyl)phenol: structure in first source		2.1510
2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine
2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine: structure in first source		2.1510benzimidazoles
1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-phenylethyl)urea
[no description available]		2.1510benzenes
1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-phenylurea
[no description available]		2.1510ureas
1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-phenylpiperazine
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines
N-phenethyl-2-furamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
heteroarene
paromomycin sulfate
[no description available]		2.1510
N,N,2-trimethyl-1-phenyl-5-benzimidazolesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzimidazoles
N-(phenylmethyl)-4-(3-pyridinyl)-2-thiazolamine
[no description available]		2.1510aralkylamine
N-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylphenyl)benzenesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.1510monoterpenoid
2-amino-5-ethyl-4-(2-furanyl)-6-propyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile
[no description available]		2.1510nitrile;
pyridines
2-ethoxy-N-[5-(methoxymethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
vu0099704
VU0099704: an antagonist of protease activated receptor 4 (PAR-4); structure in first source		2.1510
3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one
[no description available]		2.1510pyrazoles;
ring assembly
1-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline
[no description available]		2.1510triazoles
2-methyl-N-(1-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-yl)propanamide
[no description available]		2.1510pyrroloquinoline
2-methyl-5-[(2-methyl-4-quinolinyl)thio]-1,3,4-thiadiazole
[no description available]		2.1510aryl sulfide
5-methyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1h-pyrido(3,2-b)indole-3-carbonitrile
VRX-413638: structure in first source		2.1510
(3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[d]imidazol-2-yl)-phenylmethanone
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
2-fluoro-N-phenacylbenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
4-(methoxymethyl)-6-methyl-2-(2-methylanilino)-3-pyridinecarbonitrile
[no description available]		2.1510nitrile;
pyridines
1-azepanyl-[2-methoxy-4-(methylthio)phenyl]methanone
[no description available]		2.1510carbonyl compound;
thiol
GS4012 free base
GS4012 free base : A member of the class of pyridines that is 2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethane-1-thiol in which the thiol hydrogen is replaced by a 4-methoxyphenyl group.		2.1510aryl sulfide;
monomethoxybenzene;
pyridines		VEGF activator
N-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-5-benzimidazolyl]acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzimidazoles
2-(4-methylanilino)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)ethanone
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N(2)-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)glycinamide
N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N(2)-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)glycinamide : An amino acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of 2,6-dimethylaniline with N-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)glycine.		2.1510amino acid amide;
glycine derivative
2-[4-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl]pyrimidine
[no description available]		2.1510N-arylpiperazine
1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines
4-Piperidinobenzoic acid
[no description available]		2.1510piperidines
1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(3-thiophenylmethyl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines
N-(1-methyl-2,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]quinolin-4-yl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510pyrroloquinoline
4-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylthio)methyl]-2-thiazolamine
[no description available]		2.1510benzimidazoles
4-[(4-phenyl-2-thiazolyl)amino]benzenesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
N-[7-(1-oxopropyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzodioxine
N-[3-chloro-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)phenyl]-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
furans
n-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine
N-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine: an SK channel inhibitor		2.1510
8-(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)quinoline
[no description available]		2.1510quinolines
2'-nitroflavone
2'-nitroflavone: has antineoplastic activity		2.1510
N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydroquinolin-2-amine
[no description available]		2.1510aminoquinoline
1-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-phenyl-2-propyn-1-one
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic compound
vrt 532
VRT 532: a CFTR potentiator; structure in first source		2.1510
4-[[4-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines
1-piperonylpiperidine
1-piperonylpiperidine: an AMPA receptor modulator; structure in first source		2.1510
2-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl-(phenylmethyl)amino]ethanol
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amine
2-methoxy-4-[[2-(methylthio)anilino]methyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amine
6-ethyl-5-methyl-2-thiophen-2-yl-1H-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one
[no description available]		2.1510pyrazolopyrimidine
N-[4-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)phenyl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
N-(6-phenyl-5-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510imidazoles
2-(phenylmethylthio)-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole
[no description available]		2.1510aryl sulfide
5-methyl-N-(4,5,6-trimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-2-amine
[no description available]		2.1510benzoxazole
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(6-methyl-2-pyridinyl)urea
[no description available]		2.1510ureas
2-{[hydroxy(2-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]amino}acetic acid
[no description available]		2.1510N-acylglycine
(4-methoxyphenyl)-(3-methyl-2-propyl-4-imidazolyl)methanone
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
N-(3-acetamidophenyl)-2-chlorobenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
N4,N4-dimethyl-N1-(4-nitro-1,1-dioxo-2,5-dihydrothiophen-3-yl)benzene-1,4-diamine
[no description available]		2.1510dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
2-bromo-N-(3-methoxyphenyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
2-methoxy-4-[(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)methyl]-6-nitrophenol
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ether;
C-nitro compound
3-[[(2,5-dimethyl-3-furanyl)-oxomethyl]amino]benzoic acid
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
furans
1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-3-(6-quinoxalinyl)urea
[no description available]		2.1510quinoxaline derivative
2-(dimethylsulfamoylamino)-9H-fluorene
[no description available]		2.1510fluorenes
4-chloro-1-ethyl-3-nitro-2-quinolinone
[no description available]		2.1510nitro compound;
quinolines
4-chloro-3-nitro-1-(phenylmethyl)-2-quinolinone
[no description available]		2.1510quinolines
2,5-dimethyl-1-(phenylmethyl)pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxaldehyde
[no description available]		2.1510arenecarbaldehyde
2-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanone
[no description available]		2.1510stilbenoid
4-methyl-N-(3-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl-3-thiophenecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide
N-(5-amino-1-phenyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-2,2,2-trichloroacetamide
[no description available]		2.1510triazoles
N-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide
[no description available]		2.1510anilide
N-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-2-thiophen-2-ylacetamide
[no description available]		2.1510organofluorine compound
4-tert-butyl-N-(1,4-dioxo-2,3-dihydrophthalazin-5-yl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510phthalazines
N-[2-(2-methylpropyl)-1,3-dioxo-5-isoindolyl]-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510phthalimides
6-(1,4,5,7-tetramethyl-6-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinyl)quinoline
[no description available]		2.1510quinolines
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)ethanone
[no description available]		2.1510stilbenoid
5-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-3-pyridin-4-yl-1,2,4-oxadiazole
[no description available]		2.1510oxadiazole;
ring assembly
5-(phenylmethyl)-3-(2-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole
[no description available]		2.1510pyridines
2-methyl-5-(1-pyrrolidinyl)isoindole-1,3-dione
[no description available]		2.1510phthalimides
(2'-(4-aminophenyl)-(2,5'-bi-1h-benzimidazol)-5-amine)
[no description available]		2.1510benzimidazoles
N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
furans
6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-carbazole-3-carbohydrazide
[no description available]		2.1510carbazoles
N-(3-carbamoyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-2-pyrazinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510primary carboxamide;
pyrazines;
secondary carboxamide
N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-methyl-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzodioxoles
1-cyclohexyl-3-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)urea
[no description available]		2.1510benzodioxine
8-[(2-methyl-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio]quinoline
[no description available]		2.1510aryl sulfide
1-[2-(2-chlorophenoxy)ethyl]benzimidazole
[no description available]		2.1510benzimidazoles
4,5-dimethyl-2-[4-(3-nitrophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]-1H-pyrazol-3-one
[no description available]		2.1510C-nitro compound
2-(4-fluoro-N-methylsulfonylanilino)-N-(3-methylphenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
cotinine
Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.		2.0410N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridines;
pyrrolidin-2-ones;
pyrrolidine alkaloid		antidepressant;
biomarker;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-pyridinylthio)ethanone
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
3-methyl-6-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine
[no description available]		2.1510triazolopyridazine
N-(3-acetylphenyl)-2-thiophen-2-ylacetamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
oncrasin-1
oncrasin-1: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source. oncrasin-1 : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by 4-chlorobenzyl and formyl groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is an anti-cancer agent that is active against lung cancer cells with K-Ras mutations.		2.1510arenecarbaldehyde;
indoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
N-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-nitrobenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510C-nitro compound
5-(1-methyl-2-benzimidazolyl)-2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde
[no description available]		2.1510benzimidazoles
N-(4-anilinophenyl)-2-methylpropanamide
[no description available]		2.1510anilide
N-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylpropanamide
[no description available]		2.1510anilide
1-[(Phenylthio)acetyl]piperidine
[no description available]		2.1510N-acylpiperidine
N-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-3-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
furans
3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole
[no description available]		2.1510oxadiazole;
ring assembly
4-[(4-carboxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)methyl]-5-methyl-2-furancarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1510trihydroxybenzoic acid
4-(4-morpholinylmethyl)-3-quinolinol
[no description available]		2.1510quinolines
2-bromo-N-[3-(1-oxopropylamino)phenyl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
3-acetyl-2-methylbenzo[f]benzofuran-4,9-dione
[no description available]		2.1510naphthofuran
5-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(5-ethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
heteroarene
1-azepanyl-[4-[(phenylthio)methyl]phenyl]methanone
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
1-(5-ethyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-fluorophenoxy)ethanone
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
N-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-2-(2-nitrophenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510acetamides
3,4,5-triethoxy-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
1-propylsulfonyl-4-(2-pyridinyl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines;
pyridines
2-(2-phenylethylthio)-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic carboxylic acid;
pyridines
2-(2,3-dimethylphenoxy)-N-pyridin-4-ylacetamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ether
2-[[anilino(oxo)methyl]amino]-N-(phenylmethyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
N-(5-acetyl-4-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-5-bromo-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510thiazoles
1-cyclohexyl-3-(3-ethylphenyl)urea
[no description available]		2.1510ureas
n-phenylpiracetam
N-phenylpiracetam: structure given in first source		2.1510
flunarizine
Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.		2.9440diarylmethane
thiothixene
[no description available]		4.330N-methylpiperazineanticoronaviral agent
2-[(1-methyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]-N-(2-phenylphenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510biphenyls
N-[3-chloro-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)phenyl]-2-nitrobenzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
eszopiclone
Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.. eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use.		5.8640zopiclonecentral nervous system depressant;
sedative
dieldrin
Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.		1.9410epoxide;
organochlorine compound;
organochlorine insecticide		carcinogenic agent;
xenobiotic
4-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-ylmethyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510isoquinolines
5-(4-bromophenyl)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
furans
3-[[(3,5-dichloro-4-ethoxyphenyl)-oxomethyl]amino]benzoic acid
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
1,4-bis(thiophen-2-ylsulfonyl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.1510N-sulfonylpiperazine;
thiophenes
2-bromo-N-[3-(1-oxobutylamino)phenyl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
1-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-[(6-nitro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl]piperazine
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines
n-(1-benzyl-4-piperidinyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzamide
N-(1-benzyl-4-piperidinyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzamide: inhibits the betaine-GABA transporter 1; structure in first source		2.1510
2-[[2-(5-methyl-2-thiophenyl)-2-oxoethyl]thio]-3-phenyl-4-quinazolinone
[no description available]		2.1510quinazolines
1-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-yl)-3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]urea
[no description available]		2.1510morpholines
ethyl 4-{N-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-N-methylglycyl}piperazine-1-carboxylate
ethyl 4-{N-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl]-N-methylglycyl}piperazine-1-carboxylate : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen carries methyl and 2-[4-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl substituents and the sulfonyl a 4-chlorophenyl group.		2.1510carbamate ester;
sulfonamide
LSM-4563
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
1-(4-chloro-3-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4-phenylpiperazine
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines
N-[4-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
4-chloro-3-(1-piperidinylsulfonyl)-N-(2-thiazolyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfonyl-4-(phenylmethyl)piperazine
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-[4-[(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
4-[4-(benzenesulfonyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2-methylquinoline
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines;
pyridines
1-(6-methoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1-quinolinyl)-2-[[5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]thio]ethanone
[no description available]		2.1510quinolines
benztropine
Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments.		13.3312diarylmethane
N2-phenyl-6-[[(1-phenyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]methyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine
[no description available]		2.1510tetrazoles
2-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)thio]-N-(4,5-diphenyl-2-oxazolyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.15101,3-oxazoles
2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethanone
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines;
pyridines
2-amino[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine-5,7-diol
[no description available]		2.1510thiazolopyrimidine
3-[[(2-cyclohexyl-1,3-dioxo-5-isoindolyl)-oxomethyl]amino]benzoic acid
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide
3-[[[3-(1-azepanylsulfonyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-oxomethyl]amino]benzoic acid
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
2-(4-bromophenyl)-N-(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510acetamides
5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylsulfamoyl)-2-methoxybenzoic acid
[no description available]		2.1510methoxybenzoic acid
N-cycloheptyl-1-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl-4-piperidinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-N-[4-[2-(4-morpholinyl)-2-oxoethoxy]phenyl]-4-isoxazolecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide
N-[3-[[(4-nitrophenyl)-oxomethyl]amino]phenyl]-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		4.41601,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
3-methyl-1,5-dithiophen-2-ylpentane-1,5-dione
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
N-(2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)-4-(4-morpholinylsulfonyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
4-(dimethylsulfamoyl)-N-(4-thiophen-2-yl-2-thiazolyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
3-chloro-N-[4-[(1-oxo-2-phenylethyl)amino]phenyl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
stk295900
[no description available]		2.1510
1-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]piperazine
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines
2-[4-[[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-phthalazinyl]amino]phenyl]acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510pyridazines;
ring assembly
1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]urea
[no description available]		2.1510ureas
N-[5-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510methoxybenzenes
N-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-methyl-1-phthalazinamine
[no description available]		2.1510phthalazines
cinnarizine
Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS.		4.4951diarylmethane;
N-alkylpiperazine;
olefinic compound		anti-allergic agent;
antiemetic;
calcium channel blocker;
geroprotector;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
sulindac
Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.		4.5670monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfoxide		analgesic;
antineoplastic agent;
antipyretic;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
prodrug;
tocolytic agent
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		6.94152capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
zuclomiphene
Zuclomiphene: The cis or (Z)-isomer of clomiphene.		2.0610stilbenoid
metiamide
Metiamide: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist that is used as an anti-ulcer agent.		4.82340imidazoles
levocetirizine
[no description available]		7.6474diarylmethane
terbinafine
[no description available]		4.4160acetylenic compound;
allylamine antifungal drug;
enyne;
naphthalenes;
tertiary amine		EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor;
P450 inhibitor;
sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
SMER 28
SMER 28 : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline which is substituted by a prop-2-en-1-ylnitrilo group and a bromo group at positions 4 and 6, respectively. It is a modulator of mammalian autophagy.		2.1510organobromine compound;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound		autophagy inducer
N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]carbamic acid butyl ester
[no description available]		2.1510morpholines
4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(4-morpholinyl)-1-butanone
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ether
4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1-piperidinyl)-1-butanone
[no description available]		2.1510N-acylpiperidine
drotaverin
drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.9340isoquinolines
N-(3-phenylpropyl)methanesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzenes
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		3.8630cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
4-acetamido-N-(2-methoxyethyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510amidobenzoic acid
2-methyl-N-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-3-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
furans
3,4-dihydro-2H-quinolin-1-yl-(4-propoxyphenyl)methanone
[no description available]		2.1510quinolines
5-bromo-N-(2-phenylphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
furans
2-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)ethylthio]pyrimidine
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ether
3-(3-bromoanilino)-1-(5-methyl-2-furanyl)-1-propanone
[no description available]		2.1510aralkylamine
4-[2-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenoxy)-1-oxoethyl]-1-piperazinecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
[no description available]		2.1510piperazinecarboxylic acid
2-[2-[[3-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)anilino]-oxomethyl]phenyl]benzoic acid
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
1-[2-(2-chlorophenoxy)ethoxy]-2-methoxy-4-methylbenzene
[no description available]		2.1510methoxybenzenes
N-[4-[(4-sulfamoylphenyl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
4-[2-[2-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenoxy)ethoxy]ethyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ether
N-[2-(2-phenylphenoxy)ethyl]-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510biphenyls
5,6,7,8-tetrafluoro-2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
5,6,7,8-tetrafluoro-2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: structure in first source		2.1510
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		4.1402-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
tacrine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.0510
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		4.6270one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
sodium propionate
sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.		2.0510organic sodium saltantifungal drug;
food preservative
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		4.7421cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
brij-58
Cetomacrogol: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.		1.9610
succimer
Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.		3.2310dicarboxylic acid;
dithiol;
sulfur-containing carboxylic acid		chelator
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		5.06130cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
streptozocin
[no description available]		3.8730
capsazepine
capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.		2.4320benzazepine;
catechols;
monochlorobenzenes;
thioureas		capsaicin receptor antagonist
tamoxifen
[no description available]		5.87110stilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
4-methylumbelliferyl glucoside
4-methylumbelliferyl glucoside: RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-glucoside : A beta-D-glucoside having a 4-methylumbelliferyl substituent at the anomeric position.		2.110beta-D-glucoside;
coumarins;
monosaccharide derivative		chromogenic compound
nadp
[no description available]		2.6330
2-[bis(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methyl]-6-nitrophenol
[no description available]		2.1510nitrophenol
ethionamide
Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.		3.5920pyridines;
thiocarboxamide		antilipemic drug;
antitubercular agent;
fatty acid synthesis inhibitor;
leprostatic drug;
prodrug
2-(4-nitrophenyl)-N-(2-oxolanylmethyl)-4-quinazolinamine
[no description available]		2.1510quinazolines
2-(4-hydroxy-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1-phenylethan-1-one
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ketone
cancidas
[no description available]		3.5820
Methyl(2-furoylamino)acetic acid
[no description available]		2.1510N-acyl-amino acid
5-nitro-8-(1-pyrrolidinyl)quinoline
[no description available]		2.1510nitro compound;
quinolines
2-(3-oxo-2,4-dihydro-1H-quinoxalin-2-yl)-N-phenylacetamide
[no description available]		2.1510amino acid amide
2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylamino]pentanoic acid
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
4,6-dimorpholino-n-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine
4,6-dimorpholino-N-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine: an mTOR activator; structure in first source		2.1510
1-[(3-chlorophenyl)methyl]-N,N-diethyl-3-piperidinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510piperidines
1-(2,6-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl)-2-phenylethanone
[no description available]		2.1510acetamides
2-amino-7-methyl-5-oxo-4-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-benzopyran-3-carbonitrile
[no description available]		2.1510methoxybenzenes
3-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]-1-phenylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione
[no description available]		2.1510pyrrolidines
1-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(diethylamino)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
[no description available]		2.1510pyrrolidines
4-(5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)morpholine
[no description available]		2.1510dialkylarylamine;
tertiary amino compound
(3,5-Dimethyl-1-adamantyl)amine nitrate
[no description available]		2.1510nitrates
1-(4-tert-butylphenoxy)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylthio)-2-propanol
[no description available]		2.1510alkylbenzene
N-[2-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]-2-adamantanamine
[no description available]		2.1510N-alkylpyrrolidine
4-phenyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-2-butanamine
[no description available]		2.1510aralkylamine
N-(5-nitro-2-pyridinyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide
3-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-4-(4-methoxyanilino)-4-oxobutanoic acid
[no description available]		2.1510anilide
3-ethyl-N-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1-adamantanecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide
N-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510monoterpenoid
4-chloro-N-[2-(4-nitroanilino)ethyl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510carbonyl compound;
organohalogen compound
2-[(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylamino)-oxomethyl]-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1510benzodioxine
2,4-dichloro-6-[1-(4-morpholinyl)-3-phenylprop-2-ynyl]phenol
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic compound
2-[[1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-2,5-dioxo-3-pyrrolidinyl]amino]acetonitrile
[no description available]		2.1510pyrrolidines
1-ethoxy-3-(2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenoxy)-2-propanol
[no description available]		2.1510methoxybenzenes
6-amino-4-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1-(phenylmethyl)-4H-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile
[no description available]		2.1510organochlorine compound;
pyranopyrazole
1-(2-chlorophenoxy)-3-(2-methyl-1-benzimidazolyl)-2-propanol
[no description available]		2.1510benzimidazoles
N-[2-furanyl-(8-hydroxy-7-quinolinyl)methyl]-2-methylpropanamide
[no description available]		2.1510hydroxyquinoline
N-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2-furancarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
furans
4-amino-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-pyrimido[3,4]pyrrolo[3,5-a]azepine-11-carbonitrile
[no description available]		2.1510organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylthio)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione
[no description available]		2.1510pyrrolidines
6-[(3,4-difluoroanilino)-oxomethyl]-1-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1510anilide
4-[(3-cyano-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-cyclohepta[b]thiophen-2-yl)amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid
[no description available]		2.1510organosulfur heterocyclic compound
[3-methyl-4-[oxo(thiophen-2-yl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl]-thiophen-2-ylmethanone
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
thiophenes
[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-[4-[(phenylthio)methyl]phenyl]methanone
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines
N-(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
heteroarene
4-[2-nitro-5-[4-(phenylmethyl)sulfonyl-1-piperazinyl]phenyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines
5-(4-ethylsulfonyl-1-piperazinyl)-2-nitro-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)aniline
[no description available]		2.1510piperazines
2-[[5-[(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylthio)methyl]-4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]thio]-N-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzothiazoles
N-ethyl-N-[2-[(5-nitro-8-quinolinyl)amino]ethyl]benzenesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.1510nitro compound;
quinolines
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(4-methyl-2-pyridinyl)-5-oxo-3-pyrrolidinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510pyrrolidines
3,4,5-trimethoxy-N-[4-[(2-methyl-1-piperidinyl)sulfonyl]phenyl]benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510benzamides
3-(n,n-dimethylsulfonamido)-4-methyl-nitrobenzene
BRL-50481 : A C-nitro compound that is benzene substituted by N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl, methyl and nitro groups at positions 1, 2 and 5, respectively. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor selective for the PDE7 subtype (Ki = 180 nM).		2.1510C-nitro compound;
sulfonamide;
toluenes		bone density conservation agent;
EC 3.1.4.53 (3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
6,3',4'-Trimethoxyflavanone
[no description available]		2.1510ether;
flavonoids
1-[4-(3-ethoxyphenoxy)butyl]imidazole
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic ether
5-[[(1-cyclohexyl-5-tetrazolyl)thio]methyl]-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole
[no description available]		2.1510oxadiazole;
ring assembly
2-[1-(3,4-dihydro-2H-quinolin-1-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]isoindole-1,3-dione
[no description available]		2.1510phthalimides
[4-(benzenesulfonyl)-1-piperazinyl]-(1-piperidinyl)methanone
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
3-(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-N-(2-methyl-1,3-dioxo-5-isoindolyl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510amidobenzoic acid
6-[[[5-(ethylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]amino]-oxomethyl]-1-cyclohex-3-enecarboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide
2,5-dimethoxy-n-(quinolin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide
2,5-dimethoxy-N-(quinolin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide: a tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase inhibitor; structure in first source		2.1510quinolines
LSM-25805
[no description available]		2.1510isoindoles
4-ethoxy-N-(3-quinolinyl)benzenesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.1510quinolines
3-chloro-N-[3-(1-imidazolyl)propyl]-6-nitro-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide
[no description available]		2.15101-benzothiophenes
nsc 727447
NSC 727447: structure in first source		2.1510
fusidic acid
Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum.		2.462011alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
steroid acid;
steroid antibiotic;
sterol ester		EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
protein synthesis inhibitor
lincomycin
Lincomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis var. lincolnensis. It has been used in the treatment of staphylococcal, streptococcal, and Bacteroides fragilis infections.. lincomycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic produced by the actinomyces Streptomyces lincolnensis.		3.8430carbohydrate-containing antibiotic;
L-proline derivative;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrrolidinecarboxamide;
S-glycosyl compound		antimicrobial agent;
bacterial metabolite
valinomycin
Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.		2.7130cyclodepsipeptide;
macrocycle		antimicrobial agent;
antiviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
potassium ionophore
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		3.84120barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
estrone sulfate
estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.051017-oxo steroid;
steroid sulfate		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ranitidine
Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.		12.1498C-nitro compound;
furans;
organic sulfide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-ulcer drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
H2-receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
aplaviroc
aplaviroc: a spiro-diketo-piperazine; a potent noncompetitive allosteric antagonist of the CCR5 receptor with concomitantly potent antiviral effects for HIV-1; structure in first source		3.5920
hmr 3647
[no description available]		4.4160
maraviroc
[no description available]		3.5920tropane alkaloid
toremifene
Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue.		3.8730aromatic ether;
organochlorine compound;
tertiary amine		antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
telaprevir
[no description available]		2.0510cyclopentapyrrole;
cyclopropanes;
oligopeptide;
pyrazines		antiviral drug;
hepatitis C protease inhibitor;
peptidomimetic
nelarabine
nelarabine: prodrug of ara-G. nelarabine : A purine nucleoside in which O-methylguanine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. Inhibits DNA synthesis and causes cell death; a prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosylguanine (ara-G).		3.5820beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
prodrug
pica
Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.		2.6930
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine
[no description available]		2.7430aromatic ether
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		6.5891alkali metal atom
dermatan sulfate
Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.		3.2310amino disaccharide;
glycosylgalactose derivative;
iduronic acids;
oligosaccharide sulfate
burimamide
Burimamide: An antagonist of histamine that appears to block both H2 and H3 histamine receptors. It has been used in the treatment of ulcers.		3.0550imidazoles
nizatidine
Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.		2.1310
droloxifene
[no description available]		2.0510stilbenoid
raclopride
Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.		210salicylamides
dolasetron
[no description available]		4.3960indolyl carboxylic acid
or 1259
[no description available]		2.4520hydrazone;
nitrile;
pyridazinone		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
gestodene
Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer		2.4520steroidestrogen
orlistat
Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.		4.140beta-lactone;
carboxylic ester;
formamides;
L-leucine derivative		anti-obesity agent;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
idoxifene
idoxifene: structure given in first source		2.0510stilbenoid
quinine
[no description available]		5.47210cinchona alkaloidantimalarial;
muscle relaxant;
non-narcotic analgesic
zofenoprilate
zofenoprilate: RN given refers to ((1(R*),2alpha,4alpha)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 9/90. zofenoprilat : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. The active metabolite of zofenopril.		210aryl sulfide;
L-proline derivative;
N-acyl-L-amino acid;
thiol		anticonvulsant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester
[no description available]		1.9910
triptorelin
iodophenpropit: structure given in first source		2.0110organoiodine compound
glyceryl nonivamide
N-(4-O-glycerol-3-methoxybenzyl)nonivamide: structure given in first source		2.0610
4-(1h-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine
4-(1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)piperidine: structure in first source		2.0110piperidines
thioperamide
thioperamide: structure given in first source; histamine H3 receptor antagonist		9.83100primary aliphatic amine
u-50488
3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine		210dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-alkylpyrrolidine		analgesic;
antitussive;
calcium channel blocker;
diuretic;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist
sch 23390
SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.		3.520benzazepine
isepamicin
[no description available]		2.0410
ifetroban
ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative		2.0410benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid
lamifiban
lamifiban: a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist; prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass		2.0410N-acylglycine
fospropofol
[no description available]		3.2310alkylbenzene
rasagiline
[no description available]		3.2310indanes;
secondary amine;
terminal acetylenic compound		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent
dasatinib
N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).		3.23101,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tocainide, (s)-isomer
[no description available]		2.0310
2,3,4-tri-o-acetylarabinopyranosyl isothiocyanate
2,3,4-tri-O-acetylarabinopyranosyl isothiocyanate: RN given refers to (alpha-D)-isomer		2.2510
zd 6474
CH 331: structure in first source		2.0510aromatic ether;
organobromine compound;
organofluorine compound;
piperidines;
quinazolines;
secondary amine		antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
telavancin
telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.		2.0410glycopeptideantibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium iii
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium III: RN refers to trichloride		1.9810
nitinol
nitinol: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Ti; do not confuse with titanium nickelide; other nitinols (nitinol SE and nitinol 55) are Co-Ni-Ti alloys		2.0310
ici 199441
[no description available]		210acetamides
healon
orthovisc: a sodium hyaluronate derivative used to prevent adnexal adhesions		2.0110
tamitinol
[no description available]		210
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.		210
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group.		210adenosines;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
monocarboxylic acid		adenosine A2A receptor agonist;
anti-inflammatory agent
silybin
[no description available]		2.0510
alatrofloxacin
alatrofloxacin: prodrug of trovafloxacin		2.0610
2-methoxy-N-[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-2-phenylacetamide
[no description available]		2.1510acetamides
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510C-nitro compound;
thiazoles
7-(2-methoxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1,7-dihydrotetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine
[no description available]		2.1510methoxybenzenes
N-[3-[2,5-dioxo-3-(phenylmethyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl]phenyl]acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510pyrrolidines
3,4-dimethoxy-N-[3-(methylthio)phenyl]benzenesulfonamide
[no description available]		2.1510sulfonamide
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		4.41220
3-methyl-4-nitro-N-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)benzamide
[no description available]		2.1510C-nitro compound
sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.		3.0950organic sodium saltdetergent;
protein denaturant
mtt formazan
MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes		2.0610
chloramine-t
chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen.		2.0510organic sodium saltallergen;
antifouling biocide;
disinfectant
2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylthio]-N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)acetamide
[no description available]		2.1510nitrophenol
2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-N-[3-(1-imidazolyl)propyl]-4-quinolinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510quinolines
N-(4-bromophenyl)-5-methyl-4-nitro-1H-pyrazol-3-amine
[no description available]		2.1510C-nitro compound
3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2h-indol-2-one
3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one: an estrogen receptor alpha inhibitor		2.1510
fg 9041
FG 9041: structure given in first source		210quinoxaline derivative
alizarin red s
Alizarin Red S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. alizarin red S : An organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals.		2.0410organic sodium salt;
organosulfonate salt		histological dye
alpha-chymotrypsin
Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.		2.3420
17-ketosteroids
17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17.		2.3520
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		1.9410
N-[4-[(cyclohexylamino)-oxomethyl]phenyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide
digitoxigenin
Digitoxigenin: 3 beta,14-Dihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digitoxin. Synonyms: Cerberigenin; Echujetin; Evonogenin; Thevetigenin.. digitoxigenin : A 5beta-cardenolide that is 5beta-cardanolide with hydroxy substituents at the 3beta- and 14beta-positions and double bond unsaturation at C(20)-C(22).		3.11014beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy steroid
sitagliptin
sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.		4.0840triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
lupitidine
[no description available]		210
flosequinan
[no description available]		2.0510quinolines
N,N,4-trimethyl-2-[[(5-methyl-2-furanyl)-oxomethyl]amino]-5-thiazolecarboxamide
[no description available]		2.1510aromatic amide;
thiazoles
tolcapone
Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.		4.67802-nitrophenols;
benzophenones;
catechols		antiparkinson drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
jnj 7777120
1-((5-chloro-1H-indol-2-yl)carbonyl)-4-methylpiperazine: an H4 receptor antagonist; structure in first source		2.4620
diclofenac sodium
Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac.		2.0210organic sodium salt
cgp 7930
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenol: structure in first source		2.0210alkylbenzene
ex 527
6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide: structure in first source. 6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide : A member of the class of carbazoles that is 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole which is substituted at position 1 by an aminocarbohyl group and at position 6 by a chlorine.		2.1510carbazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound
quercetin
[no description available]		3.82307-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		3.4720biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		3.690prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
dinoprost
Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.		3.0850monocarboxylic acid;
prostaglandins Falpha		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tylosin
[no description available]		2.110aldehyde;
disaccharide derivative;
enone;
leucomycin;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative		allergen;
bacterial metabolite;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		3.110trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		3.8530D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
scopoletin
[no description available]		3.110hydroxycoumarinplant growth regulator;
plant metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		1.9510
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.0510carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
leukotriene b4
Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.		1.9610dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid;
leukotriene;
long-chain fatty acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4
Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.		2.3920leukotrienebronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		2.6730epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
hymecromone
Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.		3.4720hydroxycoumarinantineoplastic agent;
hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
alprostadil
[no description available]		3.150prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
vitamin d 2
Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.		4.3530hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-ergostane;
vitamin D		bone density conservation agent;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
rodenticide
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		3.5320D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		4.7271disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
leukotriene d4
Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).		2.6830dipeptide;
leukotriene;
organic sulfide		bronchoconstrictor agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
leukotriene e4
Leukotriene E4: A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene E4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R).		210amino dicarboxylic acid;
L-cysteine thioether;
leukotriene;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
secondary alcohol
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.		2.3820prostaglandins Falphahuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
harmine
Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.		3.3320harmala alkaloidanti-HIV agent;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.07107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b
Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.		7.4283antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite
clavulanic acid
Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes.		3.1550oxapenamantibacterial drug;
anxiolytic drug;
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
pulmicort
Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.		4.416011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
cyclic acetal;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
bronchodilator agent;
drug allergen
oxymetholone
Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects.		3.8730
eprosartan
eprosartan: angiotensin II receptor antagonist. eprosartan : A member of the class of imidazoles and thiophenes that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used for the treatment of high blood pressure.		4.0840dicarboxylic acid;
imidazoles;
thiophenes		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
montelukast
montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist		7.01131aliphatic sulfide;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolines		anti-arrhythmia drug;
anti-asthmatic drug;
leukotriene antagonist
mivacurium
Mivacurium: An isoquinoline derivative that is used as a short-acting non-depolarizing agent.		3.8530isoquinolines
hemabate
carboprost tromethamine : The tromethamine salt of carboprost. It is used as an abortifacient agent that is effective in both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.		3.2310
ethchlorvynol
Ethchlorvynol: A sedative and hypnotic that has been used in the short-term management of INSOMNIA. Its use has been superseded by other drugs.. ethchlorvynol : Propargyl alcohol in which the methylene hydrogens are substituted by ethyl and 2-chlorovinyl groups. A hypnotic and sedative, it is used for treatment of insomnia in some cases where an intolerance or allergy to more commonly used drugs exists.		5.1562
mycophenolate mofetil
mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.5920carboxylic ester;
ether;
gamma-lactone;
phenols;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent;
prodrug
entacapone
entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group.		4.26502-nitrophenols;
catechols;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile		antidyskinesia agent;
antiparkinson drug;
central nervous system drug;
EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
paricalcitol
[no description available]		3.8530hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane		antiparathyroid drug
astaxanthine
astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.		2.0510carotenol;
carotenone		animal metabolite;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
food colouring;
plant metabolite
esculetin
esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.		3.110hydroxycoumarinantioxidant;
plant metabolite;
ultraviolet filter
7-hydroxycoumarin
7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.		3.110hydroxycoumarinfluorescent probe;
food component;
plant metabolite
humulene
humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene.		6.6592alpha-humulene
baicalein
[no description available]		3.110trihydroxyflavoneangiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor;
EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hormone antagonist;
plant metabolite;
prostaglandin antagonist;
radical scavenger
chrysin
chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.		3.1107-hydroxyflavonol;
dihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
diosmin
[no description available]		2.0510dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
rutinoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant
fisetin
[no description available]		3.1103'-hydroxyflavonoid;
7-hydroxyflavonol;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
galangin
5,7-dihydroxyflavonol: antimicrobial from the twigs of Populus nigra x Populus deltoides; structure in first source. galangin : A 7-hydroxyflavonol with additional hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 respectively; a growth inhibitor of breast tumor cells.		3.1107-hydroxyflavonol;
trihydroxyflavone		antimicrobial agent;
EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
mangiferin
shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source		2.0510C-glycosyl compound;
xanthones		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite
daidzein
[no description available]		2.07107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite
cynarine
cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent		2.0510alkyl caffeate ester;
quinic acid		plant metabolite
flupenthixol
cis-flupenthixol : A flupenthixol in which the double bond adopts a cis-configuration.		2.420flupenthixoldopaminergic antagonist
sdz psc 833
valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215		2.4520homodetic cyclic peptide
l 660,711
[no description available]		2.0510quinolines
n-acetylleukotriene e4
N-acetylleukotriene E4: metabolite of leukotriene C4; structure given in first source. N-acetylleukotriene E4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an N-acetyl-L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R); it is a major bilary metabolite of cysteinyl leukotrienes.		210leukotrienehuman urinary metabolite
coenzyme q10
coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration.		2.0510ubiquinonesantioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite
l 683590
immunomycin: from Streptomyces hygroscopicus; structure given in first source		2.0210ether;
lactol;
macrolide;
secondary alcohol		antifungal agent;
bacterial metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent
cilnidipine
[no description available]		2.07102-methoxyethyl ester;
C-nitro compound;
dihydropyridine		antihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
cardiovascular drug
pheniramine maleate
Naphcon A: tradename; contains above compounds; ophthalmic solution		2.0410organic molecular entity
tranilast
tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.		7.9340amidobenzoic acid;
cinnamamides;
dimethoxybenzene;
secondary carboxamide		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist;
calcium channel blocker;
hepatoprotective agent;
nephroprotective agent
7432 s
Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.		3.2310cephalosporin;
dicarboxylic acid		antibacterial drug
4-hydroxyestradiol
4-hydroxyestradiol: catechol estrogen. 4-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol having an additional hydroxy group at position 4.		3.1104-hydroxy steroidmetabolite
etretinate
retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof.		2.0510enoate ester;
ethyl ester;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
isotretinoin
Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.		4.7650retinoic acidantineoplastic agent;
keratolytic drug;
teratogenic agent
misoprostol
Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form.		2.0510
olopatadine hydrochloride
Olopatadine Hydrochloride: An antihistamine with mast-cell stabilizing properties used as eye drops in the treatment of ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS.		4.2350dibenzooxazepine
epoprostenol
[no description available]		3.2310prostaglandins Imouse metabolite
indocyanine green
[no description available]		3.58201,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
ozagrel
ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer		2.0510cinnamic acids
triprolidine
Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.		9.46246N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
pitavastatin
pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.		3.5920cyclopropanes;
dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
monofluorobenzenes;
quinolines;
statin (synthetic)		antioxidant
zinostatin
Zinostatin: An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.		3.3411
ethamolin
monoethanolamine oleate: used for treatment of pyogenic granuloma		3.2310long-chain fatty acid
alatrofloxacin mesylate
[no description available]		3.5920
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		3.2360thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
hyodeoxycholic acid
hyodeoxycholic acid: differs from deoxycholic acid in that the 6 alpha-OH is in the 12 position in the former; RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta,6alpha)-isomer. hyodeoxycholic acid : A member of the class of 5beta-cholanic acids that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by alpha-hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 6.		3.1105beta-cholanic acids;
6alpha,20xi-murideoxycholic acid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
codeine
[no description available]		10.03534morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
opioid analgesic;
opioid receptor agonist;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
cyclosporine
ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF		4.7890homodetic cyclic peptideanti-asthmatic drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antifungal agent;
antirheumatic drug;
carcinogenic agent;
dermatologic drug;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
metabolite
phenylephrine hydrochloride
Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.		4.2641hydrochloride
natamycin
[no description available]		2.0510antibiotic antifungal drug;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative;
polyene antibiotic		antifungal agrochemical;
antimicrobial food preservative;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite;
ophthalmology drug
acitretin
Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.		3.8730acitretin;
alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
retinoid		keratolytic drug
acrivastine
acrivastine: a second generation antihistamine. acrivastine : A member of the class of pyridines that is (pyridin-2-yl)acrylic acid substituted at position 6 by a [(1E)-1-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)prop-1-en-1-yl group. It is a non-sedating antihistamine used for treatment of hayfever, urticaria, and rhinitis.		6.5654alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
N-alkylpyrrolidine;
olefinic compound;
pyridines		H1-receptor antagonist
cyproterone
Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females.		2.071017alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		androgen antagonist
dihydrocodeine
dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.7430morphinane alkaloid
dothiepin
[no description available]		2.0510dothiepin
estropipate
estropipate: used therapeutically in menopausal patients		3.2310piperazinium salt;
steroid sulfate
granisetron
Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.		9.5151aromatic amide;
indazoles
hydrocodone
Hydrocodone: Narcotic analgesic related to CODEINE, but more potent and more addicting by weight. It is used also as cough suppressant.. hydrocodone : A morphinane-like compound that is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from codeine.		2.4920morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
hydromorphone
Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.		9.6144morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
iodopyracet
Iodopyracet: An ionic monomeric contrast medium that was formerly used for a variety of diagnostic procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706). diodone : A 4-pyridone in which the pyridone is iodo-substituted at C-3 and -5 and has a carboxymethyl substituent on nitrogen; used as a radiocontrast agent urography.		2.8440
levetiracetam
Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine.		10.2531pyrrolidin-2-onesanticonvulsant;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
ly 163892
loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.		3.2310carbacephem;
zwitterion		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
nabilone
nabilone: cannabinol deriv; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure		3.2310
nalmefene
nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer		3.8230morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine
Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.		440morphinane alkaloid
naloxone
Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.		8.24361morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone
Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.		7.66152organic heteropentacyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative		antitussive;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
oxymorphone
Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)		5.0570morphinane alkaloid
vitamin k 1
Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.		3.7530phylloquinones;
vitamin K		cofactor;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
proscillaridin
Proscillaridin: A cardiotonic glycoside isolated from Scilla maritima var. alba (Squill).		2.0310organic molecular entity
sirolimus
Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.		6.3662antibiotic antifungal drug;
cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol		antibacterial drug;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
topiramate
Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.		6.8471cyclic ketal;
ketohexose derivative;
sulfamate ester		anticonvulsant;
sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride
trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		3.2310
6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol
6alpha-hydroxy-17beta-estradiol : A 4-hydroxy steroid that consists of 17beta-estradiol bearing an additional 6alpha-hydroxy substituent.		3.1106alpha-hydroxy steroid
alvocidib
alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation.		2.4520dihydroxyflavone;
hydroxypiperidine;
monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
seocalcitol
seocalcitol: structure given in first source		2.0510
fenretinide
Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid amide;
retinoid		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant
geldanamycin
[no description available]		2.05101,4-benzoquinones;
ansamycin;
carbamate ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
cysteine protease inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		13.378611morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
demycarosylturimycin h
[no description available]		2.0510
3-[3-[(5-ethyl-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-yl)thio]propyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-one
[no description available]		2.1510indoles
benzphetamine
Benzphetamine: A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It is used in the treatment of obesity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1222). benzphetamine : Dextroamphetamine in which the the hydrogens attached to the amino group are substituted by a methyl and a benzyl group. A sympathomimetic agent with properties similar to dextroamphetamine, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the treatment of obesity.		3.5920amphetamines;
tertiary amine		adrenergic uptake inhibitor;
appetite depressant;
dopamine uptake inhibitor;
sympathomimetic agent
cicaprost
cicaprost: RN given refers to (3aS-(2E,3aalpha,4alpha(3R*,4R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer		2.0410monoterpenoid
clobetasol
Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis.		2.713011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
chlorinated steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-inflammatory drug;
SMO receptor agonist
deamino arginine vasopressin
Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptidediagnostic agent;
renal agent;
vasopressin receptor agonist
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		6.9781medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
fluticasone
Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis.		2.031011beta-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
corticosteroid;
fluorinated steroid;
thioester		anti-allergic agent;
anti-asthmatic drug
kallidin
Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation.		1.9510peptide
goserelin
Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.		3.2310organic molecular entity
iloprost
Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.		2.4520carbobicyclic compound;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary alcohol		platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
l 365260
L 365260: a CCK-B antagonist; structure given in first source; potent & selective CCK-B & gastrin receptor ligand; L 365260 and L 365346 are (R)- and (S)-stereoisomers, respectively		2.3920benzodiazepine
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		1.94101-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
mdl 100907
Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.		3.1310
nalbuphine
Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.		6.6391organic heteropentacyclic compoundmu-opioid receptor antagonist;
opioid analgesic
nateglinide
Nateglinide: A phenylalanine and cyclohexane derivative that acts as a hypoglycemic agent by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.. nateglinide : An N-acyl-D-phenylalanine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of D-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of trans-4-isopropylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid. An orally-administered, rapidly-absorbed, short-acting insulinotropic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.		4.0840phenylalanine derivative
neurokinin a
Neurokinin A: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ B with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the BRONCHI.		2.3720
neurokinin b
Neurokinin B: A mammalian neuropeptide of 10 amino acids that belongs to the tachykinin family. It is similar in structure and action to SUBSTANCE P and NEUROKININ A with the ability to excite neurons, dilate blood vessels, and contract smooth muscles, such as those in the URINARY BLADDER and UTERUS.		2.3720polypeptide
vinorelbine
[no description available]		4.0840acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
ring assembly;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
zuclopenthixol
zuclopenthixol : The (Z)-isomer of clopenthixol.		210clopenthixolalpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist
silodosin
silodosin: an alpha(1a)-adrenoceptor-selective antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2310indolecarboxamide
s 145
S 145: TXA2/PGH2 receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (+)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 10/88; S-1452 is the calcium hydrate form of S-145		2.3920monoterpenoid
cinnamyl alcohol
cinnamyl alcohol: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. (E)-cinnamyl alcohol : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamyl alcohol.. cinnamyl alcohol : A primary alcohol comprising an allyl core with a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position and a phenyl substituent at the 3-position (geometry of the C=C bond unspecified).		3.110cinnamyl alcoholplant metabolite
calycosin-7-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside
calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside: from Radix Astragali. calycosin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is calycosin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position at 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.41104'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxyisoflavone;
monosaccharide derivative
furazolidone
[no description available]		2.0510
fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.		4.6680(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime		antidepressant;
anxiolytic drug;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
semaxinib
semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group.		2.0510olefinic compound;
oxindoles;
pyrroles		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
orantinib
orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.		2.0510
su 11248
[no description available]		3.5920monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyrroles		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
neuroprotective agent;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
4-methyl-2,7-diphenyl-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-one
[no description available]		2.1510phenylpyridine
3-methylharman
[no description available]		2.1510
ergothioneine
ergothioneine thione form : A L-histidine derivative that is N(alpha),N(alpha),N(alpha)-trimethyl-L-histidine in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the imdazole ring is replaced by a thioxo group.		1.95101,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones;
amino-acid betaine;
L-histidine derivative;
sulfur-containing amino acid		antioxidant;
chelator;
fungal metabolite;
plant metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
romidepsin
depsipeptide : A natural or synthetic compound having a sequence of amino and hydroxy carboxylic acid residues (usually alpha-amino and alpha-hydroxy acids), commonly but not necessarily regularly alternating.		2.0410cyclodepsipeptide;
heterocyclic antibiotic;
organic disulfide		antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
lead
Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.		1.9410carbon group element atom;
elemental lead;
metal atom		neurotoxin
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers.		4.6580dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
indoles;
organofluorine compound
molsidomine
[no description available]		2.0510ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid
15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)		1.9910
barium
Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.		3.81120alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental barium
bromebric acid
bromebric acid: major descriptor (74-86); on line search ACRYLATES (74-86); INDEX MEDICUS search BROMEBRIC ACID (74-86); RN given refers to parent cpd		2.3420carbonyl compound
codeine phosphate
[no description available]		2.110
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		2.3420boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
ethylmorphine
Ethylmorphine: A narcotic analgesic and antitussive. It is metabolized in the liver by ETHYLMORPHINE-N-DEMETHYLASE and used as an indicator of liver function.		3.3611morphinane alkaloid
levorphanol
Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.		6.3571morphinane alkaloid
strontium
Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.		3.4711alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth
Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.		4.911metal atom;
pnictogen
levallorphan
Levallorphan: An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683)		2.3620morphinane alkaloid
dihydromorphine
Dihydromorphine: A semisynthetic analgesic used in the study of narcotic receptors.		2.110morphinane alkaloid
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.3420metalloid atom;
pnictogen		micronutrient
calcium bromide
calcium bromide: can cause skin injuries		7.0310calcium salt
naltrexone
Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.		5.1480cyclopropanes;
morphinane-like compound;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
environmental contaminant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist;
xenobiotic
morphine-6-glucuronide
morphine-6-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		4.460morphinane alkaloid
dextromethorphan
Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.		13.364796-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthreneantitussive;
environmental contaminant;
neurotoxin;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
oneirogen;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
dextrorphan
Dextrorphan: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.		1.9610morphinane alkaloid
butorphanol
Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.		6.0481morphinane alkaloidantitussive;
kappa-opioid receptor agonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
cefodizime
cefodizime: RN given refers to (6R-(6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefodizime : A cephalosporin compound having 5-(carboxymethyl)-4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor
methylnaltrexone
methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer		2.0410phenanthrenes
cefixime
[no description available]		4.2650cephalosporinantibacterial drug;
drug allergen
lisinopril
Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.		4.8860dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril
benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.		3.6820benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam		EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramipril
Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.		3.8430azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester		bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
verteporfin
(2R,2(1)S)-8-ethenyl-2(1),2(2)-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-17-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13-propanoic acid : The 2(1),2(2),17-trimethyl ester of (2R,2(1)S)-2(1),2(2)-dicarboxy-8-ethenyl-2,7,12,18-tetramethyl-2,2(1)-dihydrobenzo[b]porphyrin-13,17-dipropanoic acid.		3.2310
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		4.6780dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		1.9510chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
zimeldine
Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)		4.0540styrenes
veratrine
Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.		2.3420alkaloid
enalapril
Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).		4.7290dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
1-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid
1-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid: metabolite from cows fed with corn silage; structure in first source		2.1510
nitrofurazone
Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.		2.6830
trientine hydrochloride
[no description available]		3.2310
n-methylscopolamine bromide
scopolamine methobromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of scopolamine with methyl bromide.		3.2310
sinomenine
sinomenine: isolated from root of Sinomenium acutum; antirheumatic, antineuralgic		2.0310morphinane alkaloid
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).		2.08101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester		antigen;
mouse metabolite
beryllium
Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.		4.911alkaline earth metal atom;
elemental beryllium;
metal allergen		adjuvant;
carcinogenic agent;
epitope
bleomycin
[no description available]		3.5920bleomycinantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.3620cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		3.2820monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
heroin
Heroin: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed). heroin : A morphinane alkaloid that is morphine bearing two acetyl substituents on the O-3 and O-6 positions. As with other opioids, heroin is used as both an analgesic and a recreational drug. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence, which may develop into addiction. Its use includes treatment for acute pain, such as in severe physical trauma, myocardial infarction, post-surgical pain, and chronic pain, including end-stage cancer and other terminal illnesses.		8.6190morphinane alkaloidmu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
prodrug
enalaprilat anhydrous
Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.		4.2650dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
normorphine
normorphine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer		3.5420morphinane alkaloid
imidapril
imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.		2.0510dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
sulindac sulfone
sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor.		2.0510monocarboxylic acid;
organofluorine compound;
sulfone		apoptosis inducer;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor
cinanserin
Cinanserin: A serotonin antagonist with limited antihistaminic, anticholinergic, and immunosuppressive activity.. cinanserin : An aryl sulfide that is (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(2-sulfanylphenyl)prop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen of the thiol group is substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonist and an inhibitor of SARS-CoV replication.		2.3620aryl sulfide;
cinnamamides;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral agent;
EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor
ximelagatran
ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage.		3.8730amidoxime;
azetidines;
carboxamide;
ethyl ester;
hydroxylamines;
secondary amino compound;
secondary carboxamide;
tertiary carboxamide		anticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
prodrug;
serine protease inhibitor
cefuroxime
[no description available]		3.85303-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin;
furans;
oxime O-ether		drug allergen
ceftriaxone
[no description available]		4.42601,2,4-triazines;
1,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime
Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.		3.8530cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug
hr 810
cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.		2.0410cephalosporin;
cyclopentapyridine
pafuramidine
pafuramidine: a prodrug of furamidine		3.5920
ceftazidime
[no description available]		4.0840cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
trandolapril
trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.		3.8530dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide		antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
morphine-3-glucuronide
morphine-3-glucuronide: RN given refers to (5alpha,6alpha)-isomer		2.7630morphinane alkaloid
naltrindole benzofuran
naltrindole benzofuran: structure given in first source		3.110morphinane alkaloid
pregabalin
Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues.		7.3594gamma-amino acidanticonvulsant;
calcium channel blocker
cefetamet
cefetamet: active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae; structure given in first source. cefetamet : A cephalosporin compound having methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side-groups; a cephalosporin antibiotic active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.		2.4520cephalosporin
alvimopan anhydrous
alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain		3.2310peptide
aliskiren
aliskiren: orally active nonpeptidic renin inhibitor. aliskiren : A monomethoxybenzene compound having a 3-methoxypropoxy group at the 2-position and a multi-substituted branched alkyl substituent at the 4-position.		3.2310monocarboxylic acid amide;
monomethoxybenzene		antihypertensive agent
naltrindole
naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist		3.110isoquinolines
guanabenz acetate
[no description available]		2.0510dichlorobenzenegeroprotector
guanabenz
Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.		2.4220dichlorobenzene
1-[4-[4-[[(2R)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1-imidazolylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy]phenyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethanone
[no description available]		2.0110piperazines
epicinchonine
epicinchonine: structure in first source. cinchonine : Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (S configuration). It occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.		2.3920cinchona alkaloid
famotidine
[no description available]		4.65801,3-thiazoles;
guanidines;
sulfonamide		anti-ulcer drug;
H2-receptor antagonist;
P450 inhibitor
resiniferatoxin
resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).		2.0210carboxylic ester;
diterpenoid;
enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
ortho ester;
phenols;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		analgesic;
neurotoxin;
plant metabolite;
TRPV1 agonist
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		4.25501,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
aztreonam
[no description available]		4.2650beta-lactam antibiotic allergen;
monobactam		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen;
EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone
3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9510
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; member of a class of cationic lipid formulations called cytofectins		2.110
ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.		1.9510ammonium salt;
inorganic sulfate salt		fertilizer
(R)-citalopram
(R)-citalopram : A 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile that has R-configuration at the chiral centre. It is the inactive enantiomer of citalopram.		2.03101-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.		1.9910
proguanil
Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.		2.3820biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
rifamycin sv
rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties.		2.0510acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol;
rifamycins		antimicrobial agent;
antitubercular agent;
bacterial metabolite
ginkgolide b
[no description available]		2.0410
saralasin
Saralasin: An octapeptide analog of angiotensin II (bovine) with amino acids 1 and 8 replaced with sarcosine and alanine, respectively. It is a highly specific competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II that is used in the diagnosis of HYPERTENSION.		1.9510oligopeptide
tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.		4.32200azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
selenium
Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.		4.911chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		micronutrient
oxalates
Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.		2.3620
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture		7.0752
cefpodoxime
[no description available]		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
palonosetron
Palonosetron: Isoquinoline and quinuclidine derivative that acts as a 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy, and for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting.. palonosetron : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is an antiemetic used (as its hydrochloride salt) in combination with netupitant (under the trade name Akynzeo) to treat nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy.		3.5820azabicycloalkane;
delta-lactam;
organic heterotricyclic compound		antiemetic;
serotonergic antagonist
epoprostenol sodium
[no description available]		2.0510prostanoid
cefatrizine
Cefatrizine: Orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum activity.. cefatrizine : A cephalosporin compound having (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylsulfanyl)methyl and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)]acetamido side-groups. An antibacterial drug first prepared in the 1970s, it has more recently been found to be an inhibitor of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), which is known to regulate apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in many types of human cancers.		2.4520amino acid amide;
carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin;
phenols;
semisynthetic derivative;
triazoles		antibacterial drug;
EC 2.7.11.20 (elongation factor 2 kinase) inhibitor
dihydroergotoxine
Dihydroergotoxine: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.		2.6430
dizocilpine maleate
Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.		2.4220maleate salt;
tetracyclic antidepressant		anaesthetic;
anticonvulsant;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a
Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.		1.9510amidobenzoic acid
eniporide
eniporide: inhibits NHE-1 isoform; structure in first source		2.0410
simethicone
Simethicone: A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base.		3.0610
luprostenol
luprostenol: RN given refers to 1S-(1alpha(Z),2beta(*R),3alpha,5alpha)-isomer		2.0710
cilastatin
[no description available]		2.4520carboxamide;
L-cysteine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid;
organic sulfide		EC 3.4.13.19 (membrane dipeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
dithiadene
dithiadene: minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search DIBENZOTHIEPINS (69-74) & BENZOTHIEPINS (75-85); RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dithiadene : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydrothieno[2,3-c][2]benzothiepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 4.		2.9240dithiadene
rifaximin
[no description available]		3.2310acetate ester;
cyclic ketal;
lactam;
macrocycle;
organic heterohexacyclic compound;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative		antimicrobial agent;
gastrointestinal drug;
orphan drug
piriprost
piriprost: structure given in first source		1.9610
lumefantrine
Lumefantrine: A fluorene derivative that is used in combination with ARTEMETHER for the treatment of MALARIA (see ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE DRUG COMBINATION).. lumefantrine : A member of the class of fluorenes that is 9-(p-chlorobenzylidene)-9H-fluorene which is substitutec by chlorine at positions 2 and 7, and by a 2-(dibutylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group at position 4. An antimalarial drug used in combination with artemether for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.		2.0610fluorenes;
monochlorobenzenes;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amine		antimalarial
everolimus
[no description available]		3.5920cyclic acetal;
cyclic ketone;
ether;
macrolide lactam;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
geroprotector;
immunosuppressive agent;
mTOR inhibitor
ixabepilone
[no description available]		3.86301,3-thiazoles;
beta-hydroxy ketone;
epoxide;
lactam;
macrocycle		antineoplastic agent;
microtubule-destabilising agent
indiplon
indiplon: structure in first source		3.1310pyrimidines
oxepins
Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.		1.9610
19-hydroxycholesterol
19-hydroxycholesterol: structure given in first source		3.110cholestanoid
nifuroxime
5-nitro-2-furaldehyde oxime: structure in first source		2.4220
azlocillin
Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.		2.9540penicillin allergen;
penicillin;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug
verlukast
verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist		2.4220
ceftizoxime
[no description available]		3.8530cephalosporinantibacterial drug
rosaramicin
rosaramicin: RN given refers to parent cpd. rosaramicin : A macrolide antibiotic with activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis.		2.110aldehyde;
enone;
epoxide;
macrolide antibiotic;
monosaccharide derivative		bacterial metabolite
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide
[no description available]		4.0440ergot alkaloid;
monocarboxylic acid amide		serotonergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent;
vasoconstrictor agent
carumonam
carumonam: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3alpha(Z))-isomer. carumonam : An N-sulfonated monobactam antibiotic.		2.0410monobactamantibacterial drug
beta-escin
[no description available]		3.2260
borneol
[no description available]		3.110borneol
gr 103545
[no description available]		210
dantrolene sodium
dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene.		2.0510
nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.		5.13140imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic;
organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
nifurtimox
Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.		2.4320nitrofuran antibiotic
sk&f-38393
(R)-SKF 38393 : A 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol that is the R-enantiomer of SKF 38393.		2101-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol
morphinans
Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.		2.0310isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent;
morphinane alkaloid
ergoline
Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.		1.9810diamine;
ergoline alkaloid;
indole alkaloid fundamental parent;
indole alkaloid;
organic heterotetracyclic compound
eritoran
eritoran : A lipid A derivative used for the treatment of severe sepsis.		2.0410lipid As
dantrolene
[no description available]		4.0840
roxithromycin
(E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.		2.4820roxithromycinenvironmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
cefdinir
[no description available]		3.6120cephalosporin;
ketoxime		antibacterial drug
etonogestrel
[no description available]		3.231017beta-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
terminal acetylenic compound		contraceptive drug;
female contraceptive drug;
progestin
artesunate
artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether		2.0410artemisinin derivative;
cyclic acetal;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
hemisuccinate;
semisynthetic derivative;
sesquiterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
ferroptosis inducer
beraprost
beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.		2.0510enyne;
monocarboxylic acid;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
secondary alcohol;
secondary allylic alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
prostaglandin receptor agonist;
vasodilator agent
lanreotide
[no description available]		2.0510
dexniguldipine
niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance		2.0410diarylmethane
napsagatran
napsagatran: structure given in first source		2.0410
temsirolimus
[no description available]		3.5820macrolide lactam
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		3.5720(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
hexarelin
hexarelin: a synthetic growth hormone releasing peptide; structurally similar to GHRP-6, with the substitution of D-Trp with its 2-methyl derivative; more potent & stable and less toxic than GHRP-6		1.9910
lu 208075
ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension		4.140diarylmethane
bms188797
[no description available]		2.0410
bibx 1382bs
BIBX 1382BS: an ErbB receptor kinase inhibitor; no further information available 4/2001		3.5920substituted aniline
fesoterodine
fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder		3.2310diarylmethane
leucyl-phenylalanine
Leu-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-leucine and L-phenylalanine residues.		1.9910dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanylphenylalanine
Phe-Phe : A dipeptide formed from two L-phenylalanine residues.		2.4320dipeptide;
L-aminoacyl-L-amino acid zwitterion		human blood serum metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
acetylcarnitine
O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids.		2.4320O-acetylcarnitine;
saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chloralose
Chloralose: A derivative of CHLORAL HYDRATE that was used as a sedative but has been replaced by safer and more effective drugs. Its most common use is as a general anesthetic in animal experiments.		3.4420
loa
lithocholic acid acetate: structure in first source		1.9610
chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.		5.5851biguanides;
monochlorobenzenes		antibacterial agent;
antiinfective agent
formazans
Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.		2.4520
azimilide
azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride		3.1350imidazolidine-2,4-dione
nifurtoinol
nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group.		2.0510hydrazone;
imidazolidine-2,4-dione;
nitrofuran antibiotic;
organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antiinfective agent;
hepatotoxic agent
gemifloxacin
Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.		3.57201,8-naphthyridine derivative;
fluoroquinolone antibiotic;
monocarboxylic acid;
quinolone antibiotic		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent;
topoisomerase IV inhibitor
dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole: The R-isomer of lansoprazole that is used to treat severe GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE.		3.2310benzimidazoles;
sulfoxide
fosinopril
[no description available]		3.5920
armodafinil
armodafinil : A 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide that has R configuration at the sulfur atom. Like its racemate, modafinil, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. Peak concentration in the blood later occurs later following administration than with modafinil, so it is thought that armodafinil may be more effective than modafinil in treating people with excessive daytime sleepiness.		4.18202-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamidecentral nervous system stimulant;
eugeroic
desvenlafaxine succinate
Desvenlafaxine Succinate: A cyclohexanol and phenol derivative and metabolite of venlafaxine that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.		2.1310
eflucimibe
eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor		2.0510
pd 154075
PD 154075: a non-peptide tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source		3.2110
tomopenem
[no description available]		2.4520
ave 0118
[no description available]		2.0610
norfenfluramine
Dexnorfenfluramine: D-isomer of Norfenfluramine		2.0310amphetamines
lenvatinib
lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.		4.911aromatic amide;
aromatic ether;
cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monochlorobenzenes;
phenylureas;
quinolines		antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist;
orphan drug;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
sincalide
Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.		3.2310oligopeptide
tapentadol
Tapentadol: An opioid analgesic, MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, and of pain associated with DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES.		3.2310alkylbenzene
etomoxir
[no description available]		2.0510aromatic ether
bb-83698
BB-83698: peptide deformylase inhibitor		2.0410
pentagastrin
Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.		4.1850organic molecular entity
cefditoren
cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.		3.2310carboxylic acid;
cephalosporin		antibacterial drug
zotarolimus
zotarolimus: synthetic analog of rapamycin; structure in first source		2.0410lactam;
macrolide
l 365260
[no description available]		210
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		2.9740
bn 52020
[no description available]		2.0410
ginsenoside rg3
ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		210ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
plant metabolite
norcodeine
norcodeine: RN given refers to (5 alpha,6 alpha)-isomer. norcodeine : A morphinane-like compound that is the N-demethylated derivative of codeine.		3.5420morphinane alkaloid
n-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2h)-carboxamide
N-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide: a vanilloid receptor 1 antagonist and analgesic; structure in first source		2.0610piperazines;
pyridines
sr 142948a
SR 142948A: structure in first source		2.0110
pitolisant
pitolisant: functions as both inverse agonist and antagonist of histamine H3 receptors; structure in first source		3.3110organochlorine compound
4-n-butyl-1-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl)-piperidine hydrogen chloride
[no description available]		2.110
4-hydroxyestrone
4-hydroxyestrone : A 4-hydroxy steroid that is estrone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4.		3.11017-oxo steroid;
3-hydroxy steroid;
4-hydroxy steroid;
catechols;
phenolic steroid		carcinogenic agent;
estrogen;
human urinary metabolite
1-phenyl-3-dimethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene
1-phenyl-3-dimethylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene: a 5-HT2C agonist and 5-HT2A,2B antagonist; RN refers to (trans)-isomer; a phenylaminotetralin; structure given in first source		2.0110
6-hydroxytaxol
6-hydroxytaxol: structure in first source. 6-hydroxypaclitaxel : A taxane diterpenoid that consists of paclitaxel bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at the 6alpha-position.		1.9810taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent
pazopanib
pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.		3.8930aminopyrimidine;
indazoles;
sulfonamide		angiogenesis modulating agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
azd 6244
AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor		2.0510benzimidazoles;
bromobenzenes;
hydroxamic acid ester;
monochlorobenzenes;
organofluorine compound;
secondary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
prasugrel hydrochloride
Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.		3.6120
6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-naphthol
6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-naphthol: has inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis; structure in first source		2.4620
tasimelteon
tasimelteon : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is propionamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is replaced by a [(1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropyl]methyl group. A melatonin receptor agonist used for the treatment of non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder.		3.31101-benzofurans;
cyclopropanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		melatonin receptor agonist
decanoylcarnitine
decanoylcarnitine: therapeutic agent for diabetic acidosis; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. O-decanoylcarnitine : An O-acylcarnitine compound having decanoyl as the acyl substituent.		2.110decanoate ester;
O-acylcarnitine		human urinary metabolite
11 beta-hydroxyandrosterone
11 beta-hydroxyandrosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha,11beta)-isomer; structure		3.1103-hydroxy steroidandrogen
eledoisin
Eledoisin: A peptide extracted from the posterior salivary glands of certain small octopi (Eledone spp., Mollusca), or obtained by synthesis. Its actions resemble those of SUBSTANCE P; it is a potent vasodilator and increases capillary permeability. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1364)		2.6430peptide
2-hydroxyestriol
2-hydroxyestriol: structure		3.110
homatropine methylbromide
homatropine methylbromide: RN given refers to bromide (endo-(+-))-isomer		2.0710
cj 033466
CJ 033466: structure in first source		2.0610
oxadiazoles
Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.		2.6430
vinflunine
vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group.		2.0510acetate ester;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
semisynthetic derivative;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent
baci-im
[no description available]		3.8730homodetic cyclic peptide;
polypeptide;
zwitterion		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent
bms 477118
[no description available]		3.2310adamantanes;
azabicycloalkane;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
nitrile;
tertiary alcohol		EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
nystatin a1
Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species.		4.0640nystatins
hu 308
HU 308: a specific agonist for CB(2), a peripheral cannabinoid receptor; structure in first source. HU-308 : A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene which is substituted by a hydroxymethyl group at position 2, a 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenyl group at position 4, and two methyl groups at position 6 (the 1S,4S,5S stereoisomer). A highly selective and effective cannabinoid type-2 agonist and the enantiomer of HU-433.		2.1110aromatic ether;
bridged compound;
carbobicyclic compound;
primary allylic alcohol;
synthetic cannabinoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antihypertensive agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
bone density conservation agent;
CB2 receptor agonist
milnacipran
[no description available]		3.5720acetamides
vindesine
[no description available]		2.0410
ru 66647
telithromycin: a ketolide; semisynthetic derivative of erythromycin with cycling of the C11-12 positions to form a carbamate ring to avoid acquired resistance to macrolides; binds 70S bacterial rRNA, specifically to the 23S part (23S RIBOSOMAL RNA), preventing protein synthesis;		2.0310
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		4.1460benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		2.4320
scopolamine hydrobromide
[no description available]		9.2631
pituitrin
Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).		3.3470
pf 03491390
[no description available]		2.0510
acid phosphatase
Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.		1.9410
ants
Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)		2.3720
curcumol
[no description available]		4.911sesquiterpenoid
physalaemin
Physalaemin: An oligopeptide isolated from the skin of Physalaemus fuscumaculatus, a South American frog. It is a typical kinin, resembling SUBSTANCE P in structure and action and has been proposed as a sialagogue, antihypertensive, and vasodilator.		2.3720
icatibant
icatibant: a potent bradykinin (B2) receptor antagonist; WIN 65365 is an L-Tic(7) stereoisomer. icatibant : A ten-membered synthetic oligopeptide consisting of D-Arg, Arg, Pro, Hyp, Gly, Thi, Ser, D-Tic, Oic, and Arg residues joined in sequrence. A bradykinin receptor antagonist used as its acetate salt for the treatment of acute attacks of hereditary angioedema in adult patients.		2.0110
jaw
[no description available]		7.3820indolecarboxamide
nad
NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.		5.5451organophosphate oxoanioncofactor;
human metabolite;
hydrogen acceptor;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
amodiaquine hydrochloride
[no description available]		2.9740
morphine sulfate
[no description available]		210alkaloid sulfate salt
bisaramil
[no description available]		2.0410
cosyntropin
Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.		3.3611
cholecystokinin
Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.		2.6630
motilin
Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.		1.9910
bivalirudin
bivalirudin: designed to bind to the alpha-thrombin catalytic site and anion-binding exosite for fibrin(ogen) recognition. bivalirudin : A synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids, comprising D-Phe, Pro, Arg, Pro, Gly, Gly, Gly, Gly, Asn, Gly, Asp, Phe, Glu, Glu, Ile, Pro, Glu, Glu, Tyr, and Leu in sequence. A congener of hirudin (a naturally occurring drug found in the saliva of the medicinal leech), it a specific and reversible inhibitor of thrombin, and is used as an anticoagulant.		3.2310polypeptideanticoagulant;
EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor
teicoplanin
teicoplanin A2-1 : A teicoplanin A2 that has (4Z)-dec-4-enoyl as the variable N-acyl group.		2.4520
tannins
gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose).		5.0221tannin
enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide: A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide that corresponds to the heptad repeat sequence of HIV-1 gp41. It blocks HIV cell fusion and viral entry and is used with other anti-retrovirals for combination therapy of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. enfuvirtide : A synthetic 36-amino acid peptide consisting of N-acetyltyrosyl, threonyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, histidyl, seryl, leucyl, isoleucyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, seryl, glutaminyl, asparaginyl, glutaminyl, glutaminyl, alpha-glutamyl, lysyl, asparaginyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, leucyl, alpha-glutamyl, leucyl, alpha-aspartyl, lysyl, tryptophyl, alanyl, seryl, leucyl, tryptophyl, asparaginyl, tryptophyl, and phenylalaninamide residues joined in sequence. An HIV fusion inhibitor, it was the first of a novel class of antiretroviral drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It interferes with entry of HIV into cells by binding to the gp41 sub-unit of the viral envelope glycoprotein, so inhibiting fusion of viral and cellular membranes.		3.2310
ganirelix
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
substance p (4-11), pro(4)-trp(7,9,10)-
substance P (4-11), Pro(4)-Trp(7,9,10)-: tachykinin antagonist; RN given refers to all L-isomer		1.9710
gastrins
Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.		3.0550
cobrotoxin
Cobra Neurotoxin Proteins: Toxins, contained in cobra (Naja) venom that block cholinergic receptors; two specific proteins have been described, the small (short, Type I) and the large (long, Type II) which also exist in other Elapid venoms.		1.9610
glucagon
Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.		3.4680peptide hormone
beta-endorphin
beta-Endorphin: A 31-amino acid peptide that is the C-terminal fragment of BETA-LIPOTROPIN. It acts on OPIOID RECEPTORS and is an analgesic. Its first four amino acids at the N-terminal are identical to the tetrapeptide sequence of METHIONINE ENKEPHALIN and LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN.. beta-endorphin : A polypeptide consisting of 31 amino acid residues in the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr-Leu-Phe-Lys-Asn-Ala-Ile-Ile-Lys-Asn-Ala-Tyr-Lys-Lys-Gly-Glu. It is an endogenous opioid peptide neurotransmitter found in the neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system and results from processing of the precursor protein proopiomelanocortin (POMC).		2.3720
neuropeptide y
Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.		2.9140
teriparatide
[no description available]		3.2310polypeptide
iberiotoxin
[no description available]		210
salmon calcitonin
[no description available]		3.2310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide hormone;
polypeptide		bone density conservation agent;
metabolite
tannins
Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.		4.8821
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		3.4711
ly-146032
[no description available]		3.8530heterodetic cyclic peptide;
lipopeptide antibiotic;
lipopeptide;
macrocycle;
macrolide		antibacterial drug;
bacterial metabolite;
calcium-dependent antibiotics
dalbavancin
[no description available]		2.0410carbohydrate acid derivative;
glycopeptide;
monosaccharide derivative;
semisynthetic derivative		antibacterial drug;
antimicrobial agent
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide
acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt		3.2310polypeptide
pardaxin
pardaxin: acidic protein from flatfish Pardachirus marmoratus; amino aicd sequence known		2.3720
exenatide
[no description available]		3.2310
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		8.1250glycoside
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2.37201,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
(9R)-9-chloro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-1-oxoethyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Beclomethasone: An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.. beclomethasone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is prednisolone in which the hydrogens at the 9alpha and 16beta positions are substituted by a chlorine and a methyl group, respectively.		2.051021-hydroxy steroid
sodium salicylate
[no description available]		2.3520organic molecular entity
lucifer yellow
lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt		2.1510organic lithium saltfluorochrome
sapogenins
Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.		210
chitosan
[no description available]		3.0240
mesna
Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.		3.5920organosulfonic acid
sodium oxybate
Sodium Oxybate: The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.		3.3110
bucladesine
Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.		2.35203',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
cerivastatin sodium
cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
statin (synthetic)
sodium lactate
Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.		3.2310lactate salt;
organic sodium salt		food acidity regulator;
food preservative
monensin
[no description available]		2.0510
sodium iothalamate
[no description available]		3.2310
oxacillin sodium
[no description available]		2.0510organic sodium salt
sodium nitrite
Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning.		1.9610inorganic sodium salt;
nitrite salt		antidote to cyanide poisoning;
antihypertensive agent;
antimicrobial food preservative;
food antioxidant;
poison
sodium diatrizoate
histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography.		2.0510organic sodium salt;
organoiodine compound		radioopaque medium
methyl orange
methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds		2.1110
cortisol succinate, sodium salt
hydrocortisone hemisuccinate: RN given refers to (11beta)-isomer; Synonyms Solu-Cortef & sopolcort H refer to Na salt		1.9610organic molecular entity
piperacillin, tazobactam drug combination
Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination: An antibiotic combination product of piperacillin and tazobactam, a penicillanic acid derivative with enhanced beta-lactamase inhibitory activity, that is used for the intravenous treatment of intra-abdominal, pelvic, and skin infections and for community-acquired pneumonia of moderate severity. It is also used for the treatment of PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA INFECTIONS.		2.0310
arginine
Teniposide: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.. teniposide : A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.		2.6630
picrotoxin
Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.		2.8740
ethyl cellulose
[no description available]		2.4220glycoside
suvorexant
suvorexant: an orexin receptor antagonist; structure in first source. suvorexant : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group of 5-chloro-2-[(5R)-5-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole. An orexin receptor antagonist used for the management of insomnia.		3.31101,3-benzoxazoles;
aromatic amide;
diazepine;
organochlorine compound;
triazoles		central nervous system depressant;
orexin receptor antagonist
quetiapine fumarate
Quetiapine Fumarate: A dibenzothiazepine and ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that targets the SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR, adrenergic alpha1 and alpha2 receptors, as well as the DOPAMINE D1 RECEPTOR and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER and DEPRESSIVE DISORDER.		2.0210fumarate salt
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		3.4480
trelstar
Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6.		2.9710
cetrorelix
cetrorelix: LHRH antagonist. cetrorelix : A synthetic ten-membered oligopeptide comprising N-acetyl-3-(naphthalen-2-yl)-D-alanyl, 4-chloro-D-phenylalanyl, 3-(pyridin-3-yl)-D-alanyl, L-seryl, L-tyrosyl, N(5)-carbamoyl-D-ornithyl, L-leucyl, L-arginyl, L-prolyl, and D-alaninamide residues coupled in sequence. A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, it is used for treatment of infertility and of hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast.		3.5820oligopeptideantineoplastic agent;
GnRH antagonist
neurotensin
neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91		8.5790peptide hormonehuman metabolite;
mitogen;
neurotransmitter;
vulnerary
substance p, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)-
substance P, prolyl(2)-tryptophan(7,9)-: substance P antagonist		1.9810
lysophosphatidylserine
lysophosphatidylserine: stimulates histamine secretion from isolated mast cells in mouse plasma. lysophosphatidylserine : An acylglycerophosphoserine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylserine, which removes one of the fatty acid groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R(1) = acyl, R(2) = H or where R(1) = H, R(2) = acyl. Formula C7H13NO9PR, where R represents the hydrocarbon chain of the fatty acyl group.. 1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerophosphoserine in which the acyl group is specified as stearoyl (octadecanoyl).		1.96101-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine
plx4032
[no description available]		2.0710aromatic ketone;
difluorobenzene;
monochlorobenzenes;
pyrrolopyridine;
sulfonamide		antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
glycolipids
[no description available]		2.0210
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		15.38676
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.		2.7130
dabrafenib
[no description available]		2.11101,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
organofluorine compound;
sulfonamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
B-Raf inhibitor
colistin
Colistin: Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic from Bacillus colistinus. It is composed of Polymyxins E1 and E2 (or Colistins A, B, and C) which act as detergents on cell membranes. Colistin is less toxic than Polymyxin B, but otherwise similar; the methanesulfonate is used orally.. colistin : A multi-component mixture comprising mostly of colistin A (R = Me) and B (R = H), with small amounts of colistin C and other polymyxins, produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. An antibiotic, it is used as its sulfate salt (for oral or topical use) or as the sodium salt of the N-methylsulfonic acid derivative (the injectable form) in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, partiularly those due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.		5.522
hydroxocobalamin
Hydroxocobalamin: Injectable form of VITAMIN B 12 that has been used therapeutically to treat VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY.		1.9510
kavain
kavain: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; see also kavaform; structure		2.05102-pyranones;
aromatic ether
fructose-1,6-diphosphate
fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer		210
methylcellulose
Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.		3.0950
2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone
[no description available]		2.110
vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).		2.3720
leukotoxin
leukotoxin: do not confuse with leukotoxin which is 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate		1.9810
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		11.83211ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
raltegravir
[no description available]		3.23101,2,4-oxadiazole;
dicarboxylic acid amide;
hydroxypyrimidine;
monofluorobenzenes;
pyrimidone;
secondary carboxamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		3.5320carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline
Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.		5.95200
chlortetracycline
Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.		3.3570
oxytetracycline, anhydrous
Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.		4.4160
minocycline
Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.		4.7790
methacycline
Methacycline: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic related to TETRACYCLINE but excreted more slowly and maintaining effective blood levels for a more extended period.. methacycline : A tetracycline that is the 6-methylene analogue of oxytetracycline, obtained by formal dehydration at position 6.		2.0310
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		5.78221monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
dicumarol
Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.		3.9640hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
Hsp90 inhibitor;
vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam
[no description available]		5.2150benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
roquinimex
roquinimex: structure in first source		2.0410aromatic amide
acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.		2.0510C-nitro compound;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone		anticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
mobic
Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.		4.39601,3-thiazoles;
benzothiazine;
monocarboxylic acid amide		analgesic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex
tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.		3.4270heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
isoxicam
isoxicam : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is piroxicam in which the pyrid-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it was withdrawn from the market in the 1980s following its association with cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome.		2.7230benzothiazine;
isoxazoles;
monocarboxylic acid amide		antirheumatic drug;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		5.36180benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
demeclocycline
Demeclocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog having a 7-chloro and a 6-methyl. Because it is excreted more slowly than tetracycline, it maintains effective blood levels for longer periods of time.. demeclocycline : Tetracycline which lacks the methyl substituent at position 7 and in which the hydrogen para- to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by chlorine. Like tetracycline, it is an antibiotic, but being excreted more slowly, effective blood levels are maintained for longer. It is used (mainly as the hydrochloride) for the treatment of Lyme disease, acne and bronchitis, as well as for hyponatraemia (low blood sodium concentration) due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) where fluid restriction alone has been ineffective.		3.9840
phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group.		2.0510hydroxycoumarinanticoagulant;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
tipranavir
tipranavir: inhibits HIV-1 protease. tipranavir : A pyridine-2-sulfonamide substituted at C-5 by a trifluoromethyl group and at the sulfonamide nitrogen by a dihydropyrone-containing m-tolyl substituent. It is an HIV-1 protease inhibitor.		3.8930sulfonamideantiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
4-hydroxycoumarin
2-hydroxychromone: structure		3.110hydroxycoumarin
rolitetracycline
Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.		2.4520
sudoxicam
sudoxicam: proposed ant-inflammatory agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search THIAZINES (75-86)		2.0410
tigecycline
[no description available]		3.8530
(S)-warfarin
(S)-warfarin : A 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one that has (S)-configuration (the racemate is warfarin, an anticoagulant drug and rodenticide).		2.03104-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one
lornoxicam
lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.		2.0510heteroaryl hydroxy compound;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound;
pyridines;
thienothiazine		antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
almagate
pegaptanib: a 28-base ribonucleic acid aptamer covalently linked to two branched 20-kD polyethylene glycol moieties to block the activity of extracellular VEGF, specifically the 165-amino-acid isoform (VEGF165); for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration		2.0310
2'-hydroxy-5,9-dimethyl-2-allyl-6,7-benzomorphan
SK&F 10047: pharmacologic action of cpd may depend on (L)- or (D)-isomerism; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		1.9610
kaolinite
Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.		5.0352aluminosilicate mineral;
mixture		antidiarrhoeal drug;
excipient
clay
Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.		2.0710
normosol r
normosol R: diluent for packed erythrocytes; Abbott Labs, contains NaCl, Na acetate, Na gluconate, KCl, MgCl (Am Drug Ind)		2.110
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		4.911
saxitoxin
Saxitoxin: A compound that contains a reduced purine ring system but is not biosynthetically related to the purine alkaloids. It is a poison found in certain edible mollusks at certain times; elaborated by GONYAULAX and consumed by mollusks, fishes, etc. without ill effects. It is neurotoxic and causes RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS and other effects in MAMMALS, known as paralytic SHELLFISH poisoning.. saxitoxin : An alkaloid isolated from the marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning.		210alkaloid;
carbamate ester;
guanidines;
ketone hydrate;
paralytic shellfish toxin;
pyrrolopurine		cyanotoxin;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
sodium channel blocker;
toxin
ajmaline
[no description available]		2.9640
agar
Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.		1.9410
caseins
Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.		1.9710
fertinex
[no description available]		3.2310
acefyllin piperazinate
[no description available]		3.5111
oligomycins
Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).		2.3520
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.		2.8540
ferric oxide, saccharated
Ferric Oxide, Saccharated: A glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical.		2.0210
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		2.8540
d-ala(2),mephe(4),met(0)-ol-enkephalin
D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Met(0)-ol-enkephalin: A stable synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin (ENKEPHALIN, METHIONINE). Actions are similar to those of methionine enkephalin. Its effects can be reversed by narcotic antagonists such as naloxone.		2.6530
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		3.3370
aconitine
Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.		2.3720
moxidectin
moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity		2.1310
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		5.0452
lactoferrin
Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.		5.3821
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55)
[no description available]		2.1310
protopanaxadiol
protopanaxadiol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; has antineoplastic activity; acid hydrolysis results in panaxadiol. protopanaxadiol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng) that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		210
orabase
Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers		2.9340
thromboplastin
Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.		1.9410
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		2.3620
exudates
Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)		2.1110
protopanaxatriol
protopanaxatriol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; acid hydrolysis leads to panaxatriol. protopanaxatriol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng and notoginseng) that is that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.		210
entecavir
entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.		3.59202-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
primary alcohol;
secondary alcohol		antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		5.28902-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		2.02105-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		3.21603',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine monophosphate
Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		210guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanine
[no description available]		2.05102-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		1.9510guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		2.6630inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		4.3560folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
viomycin
[no description available]		1.9310heterodetic cyclic peptide;
peptide antibiotic		antitubercular agent
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.		2.0210nucleoside triphosphate analogue
neopterin
[no description available]		210
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		7.52161cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine
Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.		11.77320benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound		adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
GABA antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
xenobiotic
dacarbazine
(E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.		5.9271dacarbazine
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		4.5570purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		4.55702-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
valacyclovir
Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES.		3.6820L-valyl esterantiviral drug
sildenafil
sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position.		4.85100piperazines;
pyrazolopyrimidine;
sulfonamide		EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
olanzapine
Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.		5.6130benzodiazepine;
N-arylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist;
second generation antipsychotic;
serotonergic antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		2.74302-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
oxypurinol
Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.		2.6730pyrazolopyrimidinedrug metabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast
zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure		2.0110triazolopyrimidines
raltitrexed
[no description available]		2.0510N-acyl-amino acid
vardenafil
vardenafil : The sulfonamide resulting from formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-ethoxy-3-(5-methyl-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(1H)-one-2-yl)benzenesulfonic acid and the secondary amino group of 4-ethylpiperazine.		4.0740imidazotriazine;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-sulfonylpiperazine		EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
2-methyl-4(3h)-quinazolinone
2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone: from Bacillus cereus; structure given in first source		2.1510
n(4)-desoxychlordiazepoxide
N(4)-desoxychlordiazepoxide: not phototoxic; structure given in first source		2.1510
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		5.7150nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		1.9410nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
citrovorum factor
[no description available]		3.2310tetrahydrofolic acid
leucovorin
5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5.		4.0840formyltetrahydrofolic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
guanylyl imidodiphosphate
Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+).		1.9610nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifapentine
rifapentine: cyclopentyl derivative of rifampicin		3.2310N-alkylpiperazine;
N-iminopiperazine;
rifamycins		antitubercular agent;
leprostatic drug
guanosine 5'-monophosphorothioate
guanosine 5'-monophosphorothioate: structure given in first source		210
2-amino-3-hydroxyphenazine
2-amino-3-hydroxyphenazine: structure given in first source		2.1510
alanosine
[no description available]		2.0510
bl 4162a
anagrelide: imidazoquinazoline derivative which lowers platelet count probably by inhibiting thrombopoiesis and reduces platelet aggregation; used for thrombocythemia; structure in first source. anagrelide : A 1,5-dihydroimidazo[2,1-]quinazoline having an oxo substituent at the 2-position and chloro substituents at the 6- and 7-positions.		3.2310imidazoquinazolineanticoagulant;
antifibrinolytic drug;
cardiovascular drug;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
tegaserod
tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source		3.8530carboxamidine;
guanidines;
hydrazines;
indoles		gastrointestinal drug;
serotonergic agonist
norclozapine
norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.		4.2350dibenzodiazepine;
organochlorine compound;
piperazines		delta-opioid receptor agonist;
metabolite;
serotonergic antagonist
2-styrylquinazolin-4(3h)-one
2-styrylquinazolin-4(3H)-one: structure given in first source		2.1510
pemetrexed
pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).		3.2310N-acyl-L-glutamic acid;
pyrrolopyrimidine		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
2-amino-5-iodo-6-phenyl-4-pyrimidinone
[no description available]		2.1510
quininib
quininib: has antiangiogenic activity; structure in first source. quininib : A styrylquinoline that is trans-2-styrylquinoline in which the the phenyl group has been substituted at position 2 by a hydroxy group. It is an anti-angiogenic compound that exerts a dose-dependent antagonism of the cysteinyl leukotriene pathway, preferentially antagonising cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1. The major species at pH 7.3		2.1510phenols;
styrylquinoline		angiogenesis inhibitor
bropirimine
[no description available]		2.1510pyrimidines
tirapazamine
Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.		2.4520aromatic amine;
benzotriazines;
N-oxide		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer
sildenafil citrate
Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.		2.2110citrate saltEC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
valganciclovir
Valganciclovir: A ganciclovir prodrug and antiviral agent that is used to treat CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS in patients with AIDS, and for the prevention of CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS in organ transplant recipients who have received an organ from a CMV-positive donor.. valganciclovir : The L-valinyl ester of ganciclovir, into which it is rapidly converted by intestinal and hepatic esterases. It is a synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine.		3.2310L-valyl ester;
purines		antiviral drug;
prodrug
aprepitant
Aprepitant: A morpholine neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist that is used in the management of nausea and vomiting caused by DRUG THERAPY, and for the prevention of POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING.. aprepitant : A morpholine-based antiemetic, which is or the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of highly emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. Aprepitant is a selective high-affinity antagonist of human substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors.		4.0740(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
triazoles		antidepressant;
antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
peripheral nervous system drug;
substance P receptor antagonist
fosaprepitant
fosaprepitant: a pro-drug form of aprepitant. fosaprepitant : A morpholine derivative that is the (1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl ether of (3-{[(2R,3S)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxymorpholin-4-yl]methyl}-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phosphonic acid.		3.6220(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
cyclic acetal;
morpholines;
phosphoramide;
triazoles		antiemetic;
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist;
prodrug
ceftobiprole
ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).		2.0410cephalosporin;
thiadiazoles		antimicrobial agent
rifabutin
[no description available]		4.2650
8-bromocyclic gmp
8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.		1.97103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
organobromine compound		muscle relaxant;
protein kinase G agonist
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		2.6430
desmethylolanzapine
desmethylolanzapine: structure in first source		2.0610benzodiazepine
amg531
[no description available]		2.0610
2-[(6-ethyl-4-methyl-2-quinazolinyl)amino]-1H-quinazolin-4-one
[no description available]		2.1510quinazolines
2-[(6-ethyl-4-methyl-2-quinazolinyl)amino]-6-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrimidin-4-one
[no description available]		2.1510quinazolines
levomefolate calcium
levomefolate calcium: an ingredient in Contraceptives, Oral, Combined. levomefolate calcium : An organic calcium salt of (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.2310organic calcium saltantidepressant
eye
[no description available]		3.3370
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		3.0650
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.		2.0110
phosphorus radioisotopes
Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.		1.9610
leptin
Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.		2.0310
pyrimidinones
Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.		3.3511
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		018.011803
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		09.06322
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		013.011803
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		011.31255
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		113.31255
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		010.981110
Anasarca
[description not available]		06.27361
Delayed Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		05.55171
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		06.27361
Bilirubinemia
[description not available]		02.9210
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		013.153717
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		117.777434
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0410
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		05.3210
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		05.3210
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		08.13131
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		08.13131
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		05.12180
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		17.12180
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		013.739610
Torsade de Pointes
[description not available]		010.2570
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		06.45310
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		06.45310
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		04.09150
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
[description not available]		02.110
Malaria, Falciparum
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.		02.110
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Itching
[description not available]		017.364915
Pruritus
An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.		114.364915
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		010.44208
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		010.44208
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		010.18190
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		05.18190
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		09.82328
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		09.82328
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Ache
[description not available]		012.685125
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		114.685125
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		02.0110
Graft-Versus-Host Disease
[description not available]		04.7921
Graft vs Host Disease
The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.		16.7921
Middle Ear Effusion
[description not available]		04.0631
Otitis Media with Effusion
Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.		04.0631
Hives
[description not available]		011.82779
Urticaria
A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.		113.82779
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		02.4110
Anoxemia
[description not available]		04.75120
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		04.75120
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.8640
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.8640
Cardiac Toxicity
[description not available]		04.4930
Drug Overdose
Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.		010.14741
Cardiotoxicity
Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.		04.4930
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		08.55353
Agitation, Psychomotor
[description not available]		07.69142
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		013.55353
Psychomotor Agitation
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.		07.69142
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		06.49450
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		06.49450
Chemical Dependence
[description not available]		011.11664
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		05.9952
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		05.9952
Substance-Related Disorders
Disorders related to substance use or abuse.		011.11664
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		04.2460
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		03.520
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		04.2460
Ventricular Fibrillation
A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.		02.8840
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		03.520
Acute Ischemic Stroke
[description not available]		03.3310
Ischemic Stroke
Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.		03.3310
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		013.823322
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		013.823322
Alcohol Abuse
[description not available]		09.84143
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		09.26153
Alcoholism
A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)		111.84143
Infections, Respiratory
[description not available]		012.32922
Cough
A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.		117.75430
Respiratory Tract Infections
Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.		017.32922
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		05.29210
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		010.29210
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		06.53330
Dystonia
An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)		06.99412
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		05.75201
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		05.75201
Asthma, Bronchial
[description not available]		07.66591
Asthma
A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).		07.66591
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		04.7211
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
[description not available]		04.7211
Disbacteriosis
[description not available]		04.7211
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell of Head and Neck
[description not available]		04.8721
Acinetobacter Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.		04.7211
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		06.3253
ADDH
[description not available]		05.5932
Bleb
[description not available]		04.7211
Clostridioides difficile Infection
[description not available]		04.7211
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		04.9621
Lassitude
[description not available]		011.391413
Cancer of Head
[description not available]		011.171311
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		05.0131
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		07.82172
Infections, Klebsiella
[description not available]		04.7211
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		05.5461
Eperythrozoonosis
[description not available]		04.7211
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		04.7211
Paratyphoid Fever
A prolonged febrile illness commonly caused by several Paratyphi serotypes of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. It is similar to TYPHOID FEVER but less severe.		04.7211
Symptom Cluster
[description not available]		07.24132
Low Back Ache
[description not available]		07.3433
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
The most common type of head and neck carcinoma that originates from cells on the surface of the NASAL CAVITY; MOUTH; PARANASAL SINUSES, SALIVARY GLANDS, and LARYNX. Mutations in TNFRSF10B, PTEN, and ING1 genes are associated with this cancer.		04.8721
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		06.3253
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		05.8342
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		111.11158
Asthenia
Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.		05.3522
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)		05.5932
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		04.9931
Clostridium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.		04.7211
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		04.9731
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		08.5164
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		04.9621
Diabetic Retinopathy
Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.		04.7211
Diarrhea
An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.		06.8293
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		011.391413
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)		011.171311
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		05.0131
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		07.82172
Klebsiella Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus KLEBSIELLA.		04.7211
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		05.5461
Syndrome
A characteristic symptom complex.		07.24132
Urinary Tract Infections
Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.		04.7211
Low Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.		07.3433
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		04.7211
Suicidal Ideation
A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.		04.7211
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.		04.7211
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		03.3870
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		03.3870
Allergic Rhinitis
[description not available]		07.6430
Rhinitis, Allergic
An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.		02.6430
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		02.610
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		02.610
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		02.610
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		02.610
Allergy, Food
[description not available]		04.9891
Food Hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.		04.9891
Adhesions, Tissue
[description not available]		02.9640
Peritoneal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERITONEUM.		02.4820
Chronic Insomnia
[description not available]		015.436037
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.		015.436037
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		02.4320
Eczema, Atopic
[description not available]		06.99111
Dermatitis, Atopic
A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.		18.99111
Dermatitis, Eczematous
[description not available]		04.7371
Dysesthesia
[description not available]		04.6732
Eczema
A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).		04.7371
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		02.7620
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		04.3200
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		015.0511614
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis
[description not available]		02.2110
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		015.0511614
Myasthenia Gravis
A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.		02.2110
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		04.8642
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		16.8642
Encephalopathy, Traumatic
[description not available]		02.2510
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.		02.2510
Catarrh
Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.		05.98103
Common Cold
A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.		05.98103
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		011.152113
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		011.152113
Canine Diseases
[description not available]		06.24123
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		08.06176
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		08.06176
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		08.02112
Duncan Disease
[description not available]		02.2510
Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.		02.2510
Dysphagia
[description not available]		02.7530
Facial Palsy
[description not available]		02.6930
Cochlear Hearing Loss
[description not available]		02.2510
Auricular Syndrome of Ramsay Hunt
[description not available]		02.2510
Deglutition Disorders
Difficulty in SWALLOWING which may result from neuromuscular disorder or mechanical obstruction. Dysphagia is classified into two distinct types: oropharyngeal dysphagia due to malfunction of the PHARYNX and UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER; and esophageal dysphagia due to malfunction of the ESOPHAGUS.		02.7530
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural
Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.		02.2510
Aphthae
[description not available]		05.2241
Stomatitis, Aphthous
A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742)		17.2241
Basal Ganglia Diseases
Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		06.28200
Abdominal Migraine
[description not available]		014.594732
Acathisia, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		011.822012
Migraine Disorders
A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		116.594732
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.2510
Periphlebitis
Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.		02.4420
Erythema
Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.		06.35151
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		02.2510
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).		02.4420
Infections, Coronavirus
[description not available]		02.2510
Angioneurotic Edema
[description not available]		05.69320
Angioedema
Swelling involving the deep DERMIS, subcutaneous, or submucosal tissues, representing localized EDEMA. Angioedema often occurs in the face, lips, tongue, and larynx.		05.69320
Pneumonia, Viral
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.		02.3820
Coronavirus Infections
Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).		02.2510
Psychoses
[description not available]		04.02150
Psychotic Disorders
Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)		04.02150
Drug Abuse, Intravenous
[description not available]		03.3360
Muscle Spasm
[description not available]		03.4680
Spasm
An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.		03.4680
Delirium of Mixed Origin
[description not available]		04.9181
Delirium
A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)		04.9181
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		03.2660
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		08.2660
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		012.294816
Emesis
[description not available]		014.038734
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		014.038734
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		02.4820
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		02.4820
Cervicogenic Headache
[description not available]		05.522
Acute Pain
Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.		05.522
Anterior Cervical Pain
[description not available]		02.3110
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		014.487035
Neck Pain
Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.		02.3110
Agitated Emergence
[description not available]		03.811
Tachyarrhythmia
[description not available]		03.81110
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.		03.81110
Emesis, Postoperative
[description not available]		07.86127
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		03.711
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		03.711
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.		012.86127
Light Sensitivity
[description not available]		04.6211
Auditory Hyperesthesia
[description not available]		04.6211
Dry Eye
[description not available]		03.2310
Dry Eye Syndromes
Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.		03.2310
Insect Bites
[description not available]		05.96260
Insect Bites and Stings
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.		05.96260
Lock Jaw
[description not available]		02.9140
Bezoars
Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.		02.5720
Mast Cell Activation Disease
[description not available]		03.8940
Mastocytosis
A rare neoplastic disorder characterized by a clonal proliferation of MAST CELLS, associated with KIT-D816 mutations, and accompanied by aberrant mast cell activation. The abnormal increase of MAST CELLS may occur in only the skin (MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS), in extracutaneous tissues involving multiple organs (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC), or in solid tumors (MASTOCYTOMA).		03.8940
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		011.422215
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		115.454430
Aura
[description not available]		03.91130
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome
[description not available]		03.5790
Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)		03.91130
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.		03.5790
Embryopathies
[description not available]		02.3820
Infusion Site Adverse Event
[description not available]		02.1510
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		02.1510
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		02.1510
Arteriovenous Malformations, Cerebral
[description not available]		02.1510
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations
Congenital vascular anomalies in the brain characterized by direct communication between an artery and a vein without passing through the CAPILLARIES. The locations and size of the shunts determine the symptoms including HEADACHES; SEIZURES; STROKE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; mass effect; and vascular steal effect.		02.1510
Bites
[description not available]		03.69100
Contagious Pustular Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.1510
Exanthem
[description not available]		04.6961
Dermatitis
Any inflammation of the skin.		04.7171
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		04.6961
Mast-Cell Sarcoma
A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.		03.5311
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		014.13258
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		09.13258
Christmas Disease
[description not available]		02.3920
Breathing Sounds
[description not available]		02.1710
Hemophilia B
A deficiency of blood coagulation factor IX inherited as an X-linked disorder. (Also known as Christmas Disease, after the first patient studied in detail, not the holy day.) Historical and clinical features resemble those in classic hemophilia (HEMOPHILIA A), but patients present with fewer symptoms. Severity of bleeding is usually similar in members of a single family. Many patients are asymptomatic until the hemostatic system is stressed by surgery or trauma. Treatment is similar to that for hemophilia A. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1008)		02.3920
Respiratory Sounds
Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.		02.1710
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		02.1710
Adenoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		02.5420
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		04.3941
Adenoma
A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		02.5420
Colonic Polyps
Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.		02.5420
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		04.3941
Pain, Procedural
Pain associated with examination, treatment or procedures.		04.4811
Breathlessness
[description not available]		03.3820
Action Tremor
[description not available]		05.98152
Day Blindness
[description not available]		02.730
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		03.3820
Tremor
Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.		05.98152
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.		02.3720
Air Sickness
[description not available]		06.89273
Motion Sickness
Disorder caused by motion. It includes sea sickness, train sickness, roller coaster rides, rocking chair, hammock swing, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and/or dizziness.		06.89273
Craniofacial Pain
[description not available]		03.3820
Facial Pain
Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.		03.3820
Algodystrophic Syndrome
[description not available]		03.0910
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)		03.0910
Convulsions, Grand Mal
[description not available]		02.3920
Asystole
[description not available]		04.2970
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic
A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)		02.3920
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		04.2970
Minimally Conscious State
[description not available]		02.2110
Autoimmune Diabetes
[description not available]		02.2110
Diabetic Coma
A state of unconsciousness as a complication of diabetes mellitus. It occurs in cases of extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA or extreme HYPOGLYCEMIA as a complication of INSULIN therapy.		02.2110
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		04.51250
Acidosis, Diabetic
[description not available]		02.3720
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.		02.2110
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		04.51250
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
A life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, primarily of TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS with severe INSULIN deficiency and extreme HYPERGLYCEMIA. It is characterized by KETOSIS; DEHYDRATION; and depressed consciousness leading to COMA.		02.3720
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
A potentially fatal syndrome associated primarily with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) which are in turn associated with dopaminergic receptor blockade (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) in the BASAL GANGLIA and HYPOTHALAMUS, and sympathetic dysregulation. Clinical features include diffuse MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; high FEVER; diaphoresis; labile blood pressure; cognitive dysfunction; and autonomic disturbances. Serum CPK level elevation and a leukocytosis may also be present. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199; Psychiatr Serv 1998 Sep;49(9):1163-72)		04.4850
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms
[description not available]		08.97213
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.		08.97213
Inadequate Sleep
[description not available]		05.4153
MS (Multiple Sclerosis)
[description not available]		03.2560
Multiple Sclerosis
An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)		03.2560
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		07.7430
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		02.7430
Deep Vein Thrombosis
[description not available]		02.4720
Choked Disk
[description not available]		02.2110
Papilledema
Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)		02.2110
Venous Thrombosis
The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.		02.4720
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		02.4520
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		14.4520
Drop Attack
[description not available]		03.3670
Syncope
A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)		03.3670
Bleeding Between Periods
[description not available]		02.2110
Dyspareunia
Recurrent genital pain occurring during, before, or after SEXUAL INTERCOURSE in either the male or the female.		02.2110
Metrorrhagia
Abnormal uterine bleeding that is not related to MENSTRUATION, usually in females without regular MENSTRUAL CYCLE. The irregular and unpredictable bleeding usually comes from a dysfunctional ENDOMETRIUM.		02.2110
Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina characterized by pain and a purulent discharge.		03.7721
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		010.341810
Postherpetic Neuralgia
[description not available]		04.5111
Pain, Chronic
[description not available]		04.5111
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy
[description not available]		05.2241
Peripheral Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		06.353
Diabetic Neuropathies
Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)		05.2241
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.		06.353
Neuralgia, Postherpetic
Pain in nerves, frequently involving facial SKIN, resulting from the activation the latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). The two forms of the condition preceding the pain are HERPES ZOSTER OTICUS; and HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS. Following the healing of the rashes and blisters, the pain sometimes persists.		04.5111
Chronic Pain
Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.		04.5111
Addiction, Opioid
[description not available]		02.2110
Opioid-Related Disorders
Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.		02.2110
Elevated Cholesterol
[description not available]		02.0810
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.		02.0810
Mouth Diseases
Diseases involving the MOUTH.		03.690
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		02.3920
Recrudescence
[description not available]		013.973420
Headache, Tension
[description not available]		011.441716
Tension-Type Headache
A common primary headache disorder, characterized by a dull, non-pulsatile, diffuse, band-like (or vice-like) PAIN of mild to moderate intensity in the HEAD; SCALP; or NECK. The subtypes are classified by frequency and severity of symptoms. There is no clear cause even though it has been associated with MUSCLE CONTRACTION and stress. (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)		011.441716
Dermatitis Medicamentosa
[description not available]		07.44354
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		03.6190
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		03.6190
Post-Natal Depression
[description not available]		04.3911
Depression, Postpartum
Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)		04.3911
Arthritis, Degenerative
[description not available]		04.6232
Age-Related Osteoporosis
[description not available]		03.4711
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.		04.6232
Osteoporosis
Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.		03.4711
Musculoskeletal Pain
Discomfort stemming from muscles, LIGAMENTS, tendons, and bones.		03.7621
Acute Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
[description not available]		03.4711
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month.		03.4711
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		08.77241
MODS
[description not available]		02.0810
External Ophthalmoplegia
[description not available]		02.0810
Palsy
[description not available]		03.1960
Diseases of Pharynx
[description not available]		02.4220
Envenomation, Snakebite
[description not available]		02.9140
Multiple Organ Failure
A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.		02.0810
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		08.1960
Rhabdomyolysis
Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria.		04.87130
Latent Tuberculosis
The dormant form of TUBERCULOSIS where the person shows no obvious symptoms and no sign of the causative agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in the SPUTUM despite being positive for tuberculosis infection skin test.		02.110
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
[description not available]		02.110
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.		02.110
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo
[description not available]		05.482
Vertigo
An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)		010.482
Cardiac Conduction Defect
[description not available]		02.110
Brugada ECG Pattern
[description not available]		02.4820
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		011.15121
Brugada Syndrome
An autosomal dominant defect of cardiac conduction that is characterized by an abnormal ST-segment in leads V1-V3 on the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM resembling a right BUNDLE-BRANCH BLOCK; high risk of VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA; or VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION; SYNCOPAL EPISODE; and possible sudden death. This syndrome is linked to mutations of gene encoding the cardiac SODIUM CHANNEL alpha subunit.		02.4820
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		03.0850
Abnormal Movements
[description not available]		02.110
Behavior Disorders
[description not available]		08.47335
Nervous System Disorders
[description not available]		04.480
Mental Disorders
Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.		08.47335
Gastroenteritis
INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.		02.7630
Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.		04.480
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		02.4620
Flushing
A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.		07.5375
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		02.4620
Basedow Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Graves Disease
A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).		02.110
Pyrexia
[description not available]		08.96185
Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
[description not available]		06.8182
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.		08.96185
Transfusion Reaction
Complications of BLOOD TRANSFUSION. Included adverse reactions are common allergic and febrile reactions; hemolytic (delayed and acute) reactions; and other non-hemolytic adverse reactions such as infections and adverse immune reactions related to immunocompatibility.		06.8182
Atopic Hypersensitivity
[description not available]		07.94272
Black Fever
[description not available]		02.110
Leishmaniasis, Visceral
A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.		02.110
Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory
[description not available]		06.8161
Whooping Cough
A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.		06.8161
Mycosis Fungoides
A chronic, malignant T-cell lymphoma of the skin. In the late stages, the LYMPH NODES and viscera are affected.		02.3920
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		03.0750
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		03.0750
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar
[description not available]		02.6530
Bipolar Disorder
A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.		02.6530
Food Poisoning
[description not available]		02.6830
Cancer of the Retina
[description not available]		02.1110
Conjunctival Diseases
Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.1110
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma
[description not available]		02.1110
Eyelid Diseases
Diseases involving the EYELIDS.		02.8840
Retinoblastoma
A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)		02.1110
Maculopapular Cutaneous Mastocytosis
[description not available]		02.4120
Intermittent Claudication
A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.		03.7621
Spinal Stenosis
Narrowing of the spinal canal.		03.511
Beuren Syndrome
[description not available]		02.1110
Complication, Intraoperative
[description not available]		02.6930
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.730
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		09.012014
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.730
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		111.012014
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis
[description not available]		02.4320
Bleeding
[description not available]		03.4680
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		03.4680
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.1110
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		02.1110
Acute Generalised Exanthematous Pustulosis
[description not available]		02.4820
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		02.4320
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		05.241
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		02.9640
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		02.4320
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		05.241
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		02.9640
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		04.1530
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		04.1530
Allotriophagy
An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.		02.6930
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		02.1110
Adenitis, Salivary Gland
[description not available]		02.1110
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		02.1110
Familial Precocious Puberty
[description not available]		02.1110
Puberty, Precocious
Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE.		02.1110
Apoplexy
[description not available]		02.9740
Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy
[description not available]		03.2260
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.		03.2260
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		02.9740
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.		02.1310
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced
[description not available]		03.690
Absence Status
[description not available]		03.470
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced
Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)		03.690
Status Epilepticus
A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)		08.470
Drooling
[description not available]		02.520
Sialorrhea
Increased salivary flow.		02.520
Altered Level of Consciousness
[description not available]		02.1310
Anticholinergic Syndrome
Adverse drug effects associated with CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS. Clinical features include TACHYCARDIA; HYPERTHERMIA; MYDRIASIS, dry skin and dry mucous membranes, decreased bowel sounds and urinary retention in peripheral anticholinergic syndrome; and HALLUCINATIONS; PSYCHOSES; SEIZURES; and COMA in central anticholinergic syndrome.		02.1310
Amphetamine Abuse
[description not available]		02.1110
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism
[description not available]		04.1260
Parkinson Disease, Secondary
Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)		04.1260
Amphetamine-Related Disorders
Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.		02.1110
Dyskinesia Syndromes
[description not available]		03.97140
Movement Disorders
Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.		08.97140
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		04.3441
Facial Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.		02.1310
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		04.3441
Diathesis
[description not available]		02.3820
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		08.58392
Parkinson Disease
A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)		08.58392
Acrodermatitis
Inflammation involving the skin of the extremities, especially the hands and feet. Several forms are known, some idiopathic and some hereditary. The infantile form is called Gianotti-Crosti syndrome.		02.1310
Microglossia
[description not available]		03.3670
Angioedema, Hereditary
[description not available]		02.1310
Airway Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.		03.580
Angioedemas, Hereditary
Inherited disorders that are characterized by subcutaneous and submucosal EDEMA in the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT and GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.		02.1310
Sore Throat
[description not available]		04.0731
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).		04.0731
Burns, Chemical
Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.		02.1310
Brown Tendon Sheath Syndrome
[description not available]		03.3160
Allergic Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		02.1310
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		02.1310
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		02.1310
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		02.420
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		02.420
B16 Melanoma
[description not available]		02.1310
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
[description not available]		02.1710
Epithelial Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.1710
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		05.7173
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.		02.1710
Brachial Paresis
[description not available]		02.1510
Vestibular Diseases
Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.		02.1310
Angiostrongylus Infections
[description not available]		02.1310
Coagulation Disorders, Blood
[description not available]		02.3920
Blood Coagulation Disorders
Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.		02.3920
Cervical Dystonia
A common form of DYSTONIA due to involuntary sustained or spasmodic, repetitive muscle contractions in the neck region. According to the position of the twisted neck and head, cervical dystonia can be categorized as torticollis, laterocollis, retrocollis, and a combination of these abnormal postures.		02.730
Torticollis
A symptom, not a disease, of a twisted neck. In most instances, the head is tipped toward one side and the chin rotated toward the other. The involuntary muscle contractions in the neck region of patients with torticollis can be due to congenital defects, trauma, inflammation, tumors, and neurological or other factors.		02.730
Hallucination of Body Sensation
[description not available]		05.5160
Hallucinations
Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.		05.5160
Nasal Catarrh
[description not available]		05.59102
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.		17.59102
Phlegmon
[description not available]		02.420
Infections, Staphylococcal Skin
[description not available]		02.0410
Cellulitis
An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.		02.420
Staphylococcal Skin Infections
Infections to the skin caused by bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.		02.0410
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		02.8840
Dehydration
The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.		04.0731
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		02.8840
Diseases of Immune System
[description not available]		04.79340
Immune System Diseases
Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.		16.79340
Acne Rosacea
[description not available]		02.0410
Rosacea
A cutaneous disorder primarily of convexities of the central part of the FACE, such as FOREHEAD; CHEEK; NOSE; and CHIN. It is characterized by FLUSHING; ERYTHEMA; EDEMA; RHINOPHYMA; papules; and ocular symptoms. It may occur at any age but typically after age 30. There are various subtypes of rosacea: erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular (National Rosacea Society's Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea, J Am Acad Dermatol 2002; 46:584-7).		02.0410
Altitude Hypoxia
Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.		03.8710
Altitude Sickness
Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.		03.8710
Cardiac Complex, Premature
[description not available]		02.3820
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		04.2841
Benign Intracranial Hypertension
[description not available]		02.0410
Dementia Praecox
[description not available]		03.9130
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		04.2841
Pseudotumor Cerebri
A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).		02.0410
Schizophrenia
A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.		15.9130
Cyclitis, Heterochromic
[description not available]		01.9210
Iridocyclitis
Acute or chronic inflammation of the iris and ciliary body characterized by exudates into the anterior chamber, discoloration of the iris, and constricted, sluggish pupil. Symptoms include radiating pain, photophobia, lacrimation, and interference with vision.		01.9210
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease
[description not available]		04.18180
Parkinsonian Disorders
A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.		04.18180
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		02.6430
Psychoses, Drug
[description not available]		05.39240
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.4620
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		02.4620
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		03.8321
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		03.8321
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		06.673
Delusional Disorder
Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others.		02.940
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		011.673
Neutropenia
A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.		012.3474
Allodynia
[description not available]		08.8221
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired
[description not available]		02.4520
Anemia, Hemolytic
A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).		02.4520
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		03.4311
Hyperesthesia
Increased sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation due to a diminished threshold or an increased response to stimuli.		03.4311
Atypical Cluster Headache
[description not available]		02.6330
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic
[description not available]		02.0510
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		02.9440
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive
Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.		02.0510
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		14.9440
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases
[description not available]		02.3920
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		04.480
Allergy, Peanut
[description not available]		011.461916
Peanut Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to peanuts that is triggered by the immune system.		011.461916
Aprosodia
[description not available]		02.0510
Brain Swelling
[description not available]		02.940
Encephalopathy, Hepatic
[description not available]		02.6830
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		02.0510
Brain Edema
Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)		02.940
Hepatic Encephalopathy
A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)		02.6830
Abnormalities, Congenital
[description not available]		02.9610
Cancer of Larynx
[description not available]		02.0510
Aseptic Meningitis
[description not available]		02.0510
Cancer of the Tonsil
[description not available]		02.0510
Laryngeal Neoplasms
Cancers or tumors of the LARYNX or any of its parts: the GLOTTIS; EPIGLOTTIS; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; LARYNGEAL MUSCLES; and VOCAL CORDS.		02.0510
Meningitis, Aseptic
A syndrome characterized by headache, neck stiffness, low grade fever, and CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis in the absence of an acute bacterial pathogen. Viral meningitis is the most frequent cause although MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; RICKETTSIA INFECTIONS; diagnostic or therapeutic procedures; NEOPLASTIC PROCESSES; septic perimeningeal foci; and other conditions may result in this syndrome. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p745)		02.0510
Tonsillar Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PALATINE TONSIL.		02.0510
Apical Ballooning Syndrome
[description not available]		02.7430
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
A transient left ventricular apical dysfunction or ballooning accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave inversions. This abnormality is associated with high levels of CATECHOLAMINES, either administered or endogenously secreted from a tumor or during extreme stress.		02.7430
Grippe
[description not available]		02.8840
Influenza, Human
An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.		02.8840
Agricultural Worker Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Nail Fungus
[description not available]		02.0510
Onychomycosis
A fungal infection of the nail, usually caused by DERMATOPHYTES; YEASTS; or nondermatophyte MOLDS.		02.0510
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		05.53171
Experimental Lung Inflammation
Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.		03.0850
Pneumonia
Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.		03.0850
Methemoglobinemia
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.3220
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		03.8521
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		03.8521
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		15.8521
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		03.8521
Perforated Appendicitis
[description not available]		03.4411
Infection, Postoperative Wound
[description not available]		03.4411
Abscess, Abdominal
[description not available]		03.4411
Appendicitis
Acute inflammation of the APPENDIX. Acute appendicitis is classified as simple, gangrenous, or perforated.		03.4411
Abdominal Abscess
An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		03.4411
Complications, Parasitic Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.0510
Alveolar Echinococcosis, Hepatic
[description not available]		02.6630
Menstruation, Painful
[description not available]		01.9210
Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation.		01.9210
Dermatoses
[description not available]		010.33141
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		05.33141
Serum Sickness
Immune complex disease caused by the administration of foreign serum or serum proteins and characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and urticaria. When they are complexed to protein carriers, some drugs can also cause serum sickness when they act as haptens inducing antibody responses.		04.2570
Curling Ulcer
Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.		03.5590
Gastroduodenal Ulcer
[description not available]		04.08160
Duodenal Ulcer
A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.		03.5590
Peptic Ulcer
Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		04.08160
Hay Fever
[description not available]		013.543314
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.		08.543314
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
[description not available]		01.9210
Eczema Herpeticum
[description not available]		01.9210
Herpes Simplex
A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)		06.9210
Hysteria
Historical term for a chronic, but fluctuating, disorder beginning in early life and characterized by recurrent and multiple somatic complaints not apparently due to physical illness. This diagnosis is not used in contemporary practice.		01.9210
Astasia-Abasia
[description not available]		01.9210
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		02.3320
Vasomotor Rhinitis
[description not available]		02.8440
Rhinitis, Vasomotor
A form of non-allergic rhinitis that is characterized by nasal congestion and posterior pharyngeal drainage.		02.8440
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.		02.3620
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning
Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.		02.3420
Morphine Abuse
[description not available]		03.0550
Morphine Dependence
Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.		03.0550
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.0510
Placenta Increta
Invasion of CHORIONIC VILLI occurs deep into the MYOMETRIUM.		02.0510
Deficiency, IgA
[description not available]		02.420
Placenta Accreta
Abnormal placentation in which all or parts of the PLACENTA are attached directly to the MYOMETRIUM due to a complete or partial absence of DECIDUA. It is associated with POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE because of the failure of placental separation.		02.0510
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.		05.72112
Daytime Sleepiness
[description not available]		04.6732
Intestinal Perforation
Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.		03.4411
Hyperglycemia
Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.		05.72112
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence
Disorders characterized by hypersomnolence during normal waking hours that may impair cognitive functioning. Subtypes include primary hypersomnia disorders (e.g., IDIOPATHIC HYPERSOMNOLENCE; NARCOLEPSY; and KLEINE-LEVIN SYNDROME) and secondary hypersomnia disorders where excessive somnolence can be attributed to a known cause (e.g., drug affect, MENTAL DISORDERS, and SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME). (From J Neurol Sci 1998 Jan 8;153(2):192-202; Thorpy, Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, 2nd ed, p320)		04.6732
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.		03.4411
Hypophosphatemia
A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.		03.4411
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		02.6530
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		02.6530
Alcoholic Hepatitis
[description not available]		02.9710
Hepatitis, Alcoholic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		02.9710
Petechiae
Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.		03.260
Purpura
Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is		03.260
Organophosphorus Poisoning
[description not available]		03.5830
Organophosphate Poisoning
Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.		08.5830
Bronchial Pneumonia
[description not available]		02.9710
Esophageal Reflux
[description not available]		03.630
Bronchiectasis
Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.		02.9710
Bronchiolitis
Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.		02.9710
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.		03.630
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		03.2160
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		08.2160
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.940
Fasting Hypoglycemia
HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.		02.6930
Hypoglycemia
A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.		02.6930
Bilateral Nasal Obstruction
[description not available]		04.131
Nasal Obstruction
Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the nose. The obstruction may be unilateral or bilateral, and may involve any part of the NASAL CAVITY.		04.131
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		05.9252
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		03.0450
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		03.0450
Sclerosis, Systemic
[description not available]		01.9210
Scleroderma, Systemic
A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.		01.9210
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction
[description not available]		02.0610
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.6730
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.6730
Brain Infarction
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.		02.0610
Autoimmune Disease
[description not available]		02.6630
Bullous Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.3920
Gestational Pemphigoid
[description not available]		02.0510
Autoimmune Diseases
Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.		02.6630
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0610
Meningeal Neoplasms
Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.		02.0610
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		02.0610
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		02.0610
Polyarthritis
[description not available]		04.2641
Arthritis
Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.		09.2641
Chromosome Inversion
An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.		02.0610
Deficiency, Mental
[description not available]		02.7130
Myoclonic Jerk
[description not available]		02.8840
Autosomal Chromosome Disorders
[description not available]		03.7621
Intellectual Disability
Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)		02.7130
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.6730
Bacterial Disease
[description not available]		02.0610
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.0610
Bacterial Infections
Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.		02.0610
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		02.0610
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.6730
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.0610
Hyponatremia
Deficiency of sodium in the blood; salt depletion. (Dorland, 27th ed)		07.3820
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		02.0610
Urinary Retention
Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).		07.7430
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake. It is characteristic of many diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS; and NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS. The condition may be psychogenic in origin.		07.0610
Compartment Syndromes
Conditions in which increased pressure within a limited space compromises the BLOOD CIRCULATION and function of tissue within that space. Some of the causes of increased pressure are TRAUMA, tight dressings, HEMORRHAGE, and exercise. Sequelae include nerve compression (NERVE COMPRESSION SYNDROMES); PARALYSIS; and ISCHEMIC CONTRACTURE. FASCIOTOMY is often used to decompress increased pressure and eliminate pain associated with compartment syndromes.		02.0610
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		02.0610
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		14.0610
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness
[description not available]		02.6830
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		02.4420
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		02.4420
Nasal Polyps
Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.		02.0610
Serotonin Syndrome
An adverse drug interaction characterized by altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is most frequently caused by use of both serotonin reuptake inhibitors and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, leading to excess serotonin availability in the CNS at the serotonin 1A receptor.		02.7530
Acoustic Nerve Diseases
[description not available]		02.0710
Cerebellar Diseases
Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.		02.0710
Sinus Tachycardia
[description not available]		03.2960
Hypopharyngeal Cancer
[description not available]		02.0810
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX.		02.0810
Cannabis Abuse
[description not available]		02.0710
Marijuana Abuse
Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.		02.0710
Colonic Inertia
Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.		02.6530
Constipation
Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.		02.6530
C gattii Infection
[description not available]		02.0710
Cryptococcosis
Fungal infection caused by genus CRYPTOCOCCUS.		02.0710
Heroin Abuse
[description not available]		03.3420
Heroin Dependence
Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.		03.3420
Erythema Migrans, Lingual
[description not available]		02.0710
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis
[description not available]		03.0650
Lip Diseases
Diseases involving the LIP.		02.0710
Psoriasis
A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.		03.0650
Granulomas
[description not available]		02.0710
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		02.0710
Brain Disorders
[description not available]		02.6630
Parasitic Diseases, Animal
Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.		02.0710
Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections
Infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges caused by parasites.		02.0710
Brain Diseases
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.		02.6630
Inguinal Hernia
[description not available]		03.4611
Hernia, Inguinal
An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.		03.4611
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		09.9931
Blood Diseases
[description not available]		05.4253
Hematologic Diseases
Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.		05.4253
Mucositis
An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).		03.8421
Hypesthesia
Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.		03.3911
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		05.6671
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		05.6671
Developmental Psychomotor Disorders
[description not available]		05.1843
Premenstrual Tension
A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.		03.7521
Premenstrual Syndrome
A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.		03.7521
Chicken Pox
[description not available]		04.59100
Rubeola
[description not available]		02.3620
Dermatitis, Poison Ivy
[description not available]		02.3720
Chickenpox
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN). It usually affects children, is spread by direct contact or respiratory route via droplet nuclei, and is characterized by the appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of successive crops of typical pruritic vesicular lesions that are easily broken and become scabbed. Chickenpox is relatively benign in children, but may be complicated by pneumonia and encephalitis in adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		04.59100
Measles
A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.		02.3620
Sunburn
An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.		02.3620
Fallopian Tube Diseases
Diseases involving the FALLOPIAN TUBES including neoplasms (FALLOPIAN TUBE NEOPLASMS); SALPINGITIS; tubo-ovarian abscess; and blockage.		02.0110
Adnexal Diseases
Diseases of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including diseases involving the OVARY, the FALLOPIAN TUBES, and ligaments of the uterus (BROAD LIGAMENT; ROUND LIGAMENT).		02.0110
Bronchial Hyperreactivity
Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.		03.0850
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		03.2160
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		03.2160
HbS Disease
[description not available]		02.0110
Anemia, Sickle Cell
A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.		02.0110
Ischemia
A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.		03.3570
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue.		02.0110
Adhesive Capsulitis
[description not available]		0210
Bursitis
Inflammation or irritation of a SYNOVIAL BURSA, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin.		0210
Hansen Disease
[description not available]		03.94140
Leprosy, Cutaneous
[description not available]		02.6230
Leprosy
A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.		03.94140
Chorioadenoma
[description not available]		02.3420
Cancer of the Uterus
[description not available]		04.7271
Uterine Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.		04.7271
Disease
A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.		03.0350
Egyptian Ophthalmia
[description not available]		01.9310
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		03.3370
Enteric Fever
[description not available]		01.9310
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		08.3370
Typhoid Fever
An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.		01.9310
Duhring Disease
[description not available]		01.9310
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Rare, chronic, papulo-vesicular disease characterized by an intensely pruritic eruption consisting of various combinations of symmetrical, erythematous, papular, vesicular, or bullous lesions. The disease is strongly associated with the presence of HLA-B8 and HLA-DR3 antigens. A variety of different autoantibodies has been detected in small numbers in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis.		01.9310
Acquired Vocal Cord Palsy
[description not available]		01.9310
Vocal Cord Paralysis
Congenital or acquired paralysis of one or both VOCAL CORDS. This condition is caused by defects in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, the VAGUS NERVE and branches of LARYNGEAL NERVES. Common symptoms are VOICE DISORDERS including HOARSENESS or APHONIA.		01.9310
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.8640
Cardiac Neurosis
[description not available]		01.9310
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		02.8640
Erythema Multiforme
A skin and mucous membrane disease characterized by an eruption of macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, and/or bullae with characteristic bull's-eye lesions usually occurring on the dorsal aspect of the hands and forearms.		02.3620
Auditory Vertigo
[description not available]		04.0131
Meniere Disease
A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.		04.0131
Shingles
[description not available]		01.9310
Herpes Zoster
An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9310
Respiratory Tract Diseases
Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.		03.0450
Rheumatism
[description not available]		02.8540
Rheumatic Diseases
Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.		02.8540
Cardiac Death
[description not available]		01.9310
Hemorrhagic Fever, Epidemic
[description not available]		02.8440
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome
An acute febrile disease occurring predominately in Asia. It is characterized by fever, prostration, vomiting, hemorrhagic phenonema, shock, and renal failure. It is caused by any one of several closely related species of the genus Hantavirus. The most severe form is caused by HANTAAN VIRUS whose natural host is the rodent Apodemus agrarius. Milder forms are caused by SEOUL VIRUS and transmitted by the rodents Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus, and the PUUMALA VIRUS with transmission by Clethrionomys galreolus.		02.8440
Centriacinar Emphysema
[description not available]		02.3420
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.		05.68112
Emphysema
A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.		01.9310
Apnea
A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		03.0450
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
[description not available]		03.7321
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		06.4124
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		18.4124
Schwartzman Phenomenon
[description not available]		02.3420
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		04.1160
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		04.1160
Dizzyness
[description not available]		05.7542
Craniocerebral Injuries
[description not available]		02.8540
Dizziness
An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.		05.7542
Craniocerebral Trauma
Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.		02.8540
Shoulder Pain
Unilateral or bilateral pain of the shoulder. It is often caused by physical activities such as work or sports participation, but may also be pathologic in origin.		01.9310
Encephalitis Lethargica Type Parkinsonism
[description not available]		03.2620
Parkinson Disease, Postencephalitic
Parkinsonism following encephalitis, historically seen as a sequella of encephalitis lethargica (Von Economo Encephalitis). The early age of onset, the rapid progression of symptoms followed by stabilization, and the presence of a variety of other neurological disorders (e.g., sociopathic behavior; TICS; MUSCLE SPASMS; oculogyric crises; hyperphagia; and bizarre movements) distinguish this condition from primary PARKINSON DISEASE. Pathologic features include neuronal loss and gliosis concentrated in the MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMUS; and HYPOTHALAMUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p754)		03.2620
Urination Disorders
Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.		02.3420
E coli Infections
[description not available]		02.3420
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		02.3420
Cramp
[description not available]		07.8740
Muscle Cramp
A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)		02.8740
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		02.3520
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		02.3520
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		01.9310
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		01.9310
Bronchospasm
[description not available]		04.81130
Bronchial Spasm
Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.		04.81130
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		03.3370
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		03.3370
Concomitant Strabismus
[description not available]		02.3520
Strabismus
Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)		02.3520
Favus
[description not available]		01.9310
Acute Brain Injuries
[description not available]		02.3620
Brain Injuries
Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.		02.3620
Cancer of Cervix
[description not available]		02.6530
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.		02.6530
Nerve Root Avulsion
[description not available]		05.1841
Polyradiculitis
[description not available]		01.9310
Polyradiculopathy
Disease or injury involving multiple SPINAL NERVE ROOTS. Polyradiculitis refers to inflammation of multiple spinal nerve roots.		01.9310
Radiculopathy
Disease involving a spinal nerve root (see SPINAL NERVE ROOTS) which may result from compression related to INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SPINAL DISEASES; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include radicular pain, weakness, and sensory loss referable to structures innervated by the involved nerve root.		05.1841
Asthmatic Crisis
[description not available]		01.9310
Status Asthmaticus
A sudden intense and continuous aggravation of a state of asthma, marked by dyspnea to the point of exhaustion and collapse and not responding to the usual therapeutic efforts.		01.9310
Postintubation Croup
[description not available]		01.9410
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA, including the VOCAL CORDS. Laryngitis is characterized by irritation, edema, and reduced pliability of the mucosa leading to VOICE DISORDERS such as APHONIA and HOARSENESS.		02.3420
Croup
Inflammation involving the GLOTTIS or VOCAL CORDS and the subglottic larynx. Croup is characterized by a barking cough, HOARSENESS, and persistent inspiratory STRIDOR (a high-pitched breathing sound). It occurs chiefly in infants and children.		01.9410
Dermatophytoses
[description not available]		01.9310
Tinea
Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.		01.9310
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.6330
Focal Neurologic Deficits
[description not available]		02.6330
Burns
Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.		05.04101
Conjugate Nystagmus
[description not available]		02.6430
Dermatitis, Occupational
A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.		02.6530
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine.		04.0331
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		03.2160
Deficiency, Factor II
[description not available]		02.3420
Clostridium tetani Infection
[description not available]		02.3420
Purpura, Thrombopenic
[description not available]		02.6430
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		03.2160
Purpura, Thrombocytopenic
Any form of purpura in which the PLATELET COUNT is decreased. Many forms are thought to be caused by immunological mechanisms.		02.6430
Tetanus
A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.		02.3420
Infectious Myelitis
[description not available]		01.9410
Neuritis
A general term indicating inflammation of a peripheral or cranial nerve. Clinical manifestation may include PAIN; PARESTHESIAS; PARESIS; or HYPESTHESIA.		02.6330
Hemorrhagic Diathesis
[description not available]		02.3520
Hematoma
A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.		01.9410
Hemorrhagic Disorders
Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).		02.3520
Adamantiades-Behcet Disease
[description not available]		01.9310
Behcet Syndrome
Rare chronic inflammatory disease involving the small blood vessels. It is of unknown etiology and characterized by mucocutaneous ulceration in the mouth and genital region and uveitis with hypopyon. The neuro-ocular form may cause blindness and death. SYNOVITIS; THROMBOPHLEBITIS; gastrointestinal ulcerations; RETINAL VASCULITIS; and OPTIC ATROPHY may occur as well.		01.9310
Eosinophilia, Tropical
[description not available]		03.260
Eosinophilia
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.		03.260
Essential Polyarteritis
[description not available]		02.3420
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		01.9410
Hip Dislocation
Displacement of the femur bone from its normal position at the HIP JOINT.		01.9410
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		03.260
Congenital Dysplasia Of The Hip
[description not available]		01.9410
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		01.9410
Afibrinogenemia, Congenital
[description not available]		01.9410
Afibrinogenemia
A deficiency or absence of FIBRINOGEN in the blood.		01.9410
Cystic Echinococcosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Angiosarcoma
[description not available]		01.9410
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		01.9410
Hemangiosarcoma
A rare malignant neoplasm characterized by rapidly proliferating, extensively infiltrating, anaplastic cells derived from blood vessels and lining irregular blood-filled or lumpy spaces. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9410
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		01.9410
Abscess
Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.		01.9310
Foot Diseases
Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.		01.9410
Muscle Disorders
[description not available]		04.5961
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular
[description not available]		01.9410
Muscular Diseases
Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.		04.5961
Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		03.260
Peripheral Vascular Diseases
Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.		01.9410
Clerambault Syndrome
[description not available]		02.6430
Injuries, Spinal Cord
[description not available]		03.7621
Spinal Cord Injuries
Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).		03.7621
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.		02.8640
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
[description not available]		01.9410
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome
Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.		01.9410
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		03.65100
Hypertension, Portal
Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.		01.9410
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		03.65100
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome
[description not available]		04.3780
Blood Clot
[description not available]		03.3370
Thrombosis
Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.		08.3370
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		02.3620
Brain Vascular Disorders
[description not available]		01.9410
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		02.3620
Cerebrovascular Disorders
A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.		01.9410
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain
[description not available]		01.9410
Asphyxia Neonatorum
Respiratory failure in the newborn. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9410
Brain Damage, Chronic
A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.		01.9410
Chorea Disorders
[description not available]		02.8840
Birth Injuries
Mechanical or anoxic trauma incurred by the infant during labor or delivery.		01.9410
Athetoid Movements
[description not available]		02.6430
Chorea
Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.		02.8840
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.		01.9410
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		02.6330
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		02.6330
Deaf Mutism
[description not available]		02.3420
Distorted Hearing
[description not available]		01.9410
Deafness
A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.		02.3420
Spinal Diseases
Diseases involving the SPINE.		02.3420
Pleurisy
INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.		01.9410
Pulmonary Consumption
[description not available]		02.6330
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.		02.6330
Gangrene
Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.		02.3620
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		02.6430
Buerger Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens
Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.		04.0331
Varices
[description not available]		01.9410
Aortic Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.		01.9410
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).		04.0331
Varicose Veins
Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.		01.9410
Pneumoperitoneum
A condition with trapped gas or air in the PERITONEAL CAVITY, usually secondary to perforation of the internal organs such as the LUNG and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, or to recent surgery. Pneumoperitoneum may be purposely introduced to aid radiological examination.		01.9410
Child Behavior Disorders
Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.		04.4351
Back Ache
[description not available]		02.6630
Back Pain
Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.		07.6630
Icterus
[description not available]		01.9410
Jaundice
A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.		01.9410
Ascites
Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.		02.6430
Alopecia Cicatrisata
[description not available]		07.3374
Anticipatory Vomiting
[description not available]		05.2822
Alopecia
Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.		07.3374
Soft Tissue Neoplasms
Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.		05.2622
Amnesia-Memory Loss
[description not available]		02.4120
Amnesia
Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)		02.4120
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		02.940
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		14.940
Catatonic Rigidity
[description not available]		04.8142
Muscle Rigidity
Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)		04.8142
IgA Vasculitis
A systemic non-thrombocytopenic purpura caused by HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS and deposition of IGA-containing IMMUNE COMPLEXES within the blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidney (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS). Clinical symptoms include URTICARIA; ERYTHEMA; ARTHRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; and renal involvement. Most cases are seen in children after acute upper respiratory infections.		01.9210
Paroxysmal Reciprocal Tachycardia
[description not available]		01.9210
Tachycardia, Paroxysmal
Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation.		01.9210
Frostbite
Damage to tissues as the result of low environmental temperatures.		01.9210
Aspiculariasis
[description not available]		01.9210
Epileptiform Neuralgia
[description not available]		02.3420
Trigeminal Neuralgia
A syndrome characterized by recurrent episodes of excruciating pain lasting several seconds or longer in the sensory distribution of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE. Pain may be initiated by stimulation of trigger points on the face, lips, or gums or by movement of facial muscles or chewing. Associated conditions include MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, vascular anomalies, ANEURYSMS, and neoplasms. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p187)		02.3420
Arterial Inflammation
[description not available]		01.9310
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer
[description not available]		02.0210
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		03.3470
Salmonella Infections, Animal
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.		02.0210
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		03.3470
Absence of Voice
[description not available]		02.0210
Thrombopenia
[description not available]		03.0850
Thrombocytopenia
A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.		03.0850
Mouth Ulcer
[description not available]		02.4120
Oral Ulcer
A loss of mucous substance of the mouth showing local excavation of the surface, resulting from the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue. It is the result of a variety of causes, e.g., denture irritation, aphthous stomatitis (STOMATITIS, APHTHOUS); NOMA; necrotizing gingivitis (GINGIVITIS, NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE); TOOTHBRUSHING; and various irritants. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p842)		02.4120
Metastase
[description not available]		04.2841
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		02.0210
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		04.2841
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		02.0210
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		03.9950
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		15.9950
ATLL
[description not available]		02.0210
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.		02.0210
Aggression
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.		05.3751
Prurigo
A name applied to several itchy skin eruptions of unknown cause. The characteristic course is the formation of a dome-shaped papule with a small transient vesicle on top, followed by crusting over or lichenification. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		06.9210
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		02.6330
Nephritis
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.		02.3320
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		03.821
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		03.7521
Cancer of the Urinary Tract
[description not available]		03.411
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		03.821
Allergy, Milk
[description not available]		02.4120
Milk Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.		02.4120
Amentia
[description not available]		04.6232
Paranoia
[description not available]		02.0210
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		16.6232
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		03.3570
Embolism, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.6630
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		03.3570
Pulmonary Embolism
Blocking of the PULMONARY ARTERY or one of its branches by an EMBOLUS.		02.6630
Constricted Pupil
[description not available]		03.411
Miosis
Pupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA.		03.411
Arachnidism
[description not available]		03.8240
Agranulocytosis
A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).		07.654
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden
[description not available]		02.0210
Death, Sudden, Cardiac
Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)		02.0210
Chills
The sudden sensation of being cold. It may be accompanied by SHIVERING.		02.0210
Claustrophobia
[description not available]		02.3720
Panic Attacks
[description not available]		02.0210
Phobic Disorders
Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.		02.3720
Panic Disorder
A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.		02.0210
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		04.551
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		04.551
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)		02.0210
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		02.0310
Bewilderment
[description not available]		03.821
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		02.0310
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
[description not available]		02.4220
Macular Degeneration
Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.		02.4220
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency
[description not available]		02.0210
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		02.6530
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
[description not available]		02.0210
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
[description not available]		02.0210
Angiohemophilia
[description not available]		02.3720
Iron Metabolism Disorders
Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)		02.0210
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		02.6530
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		14.3820
Menorrhagia
Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION.		02.0210
Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic
An autosomal dominant vascular anomaly characterized by telangiectases of the skin and mucous membranes and by recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding. This disorder is caused by mutations of a gene (on chromosome 9q3) which encodes endoglin, a membrane glycoprotein that binds TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.		02.0210
von Willebrand Diseases
Group of hemorrhagic disorders in which the VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR is either quantitatively or qualitatively abnormal. They are usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait though rare kindreds are autosomal recessive. Symptoms vary depending on severity and disease type but may include prolonged bleeding time, deficiency of factor VIII, and impaired platelet adhesion.		02.3720
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.		02.0210
Disc, Herniated
[description not available]		04.6921
Intervertebral Disc Displacement
An INTERVERTEBRAL DISC in which the NUCLEUS PULPOSUS has protruded through surrounding ANNULUS FIBROSUS. This occurs most frequently in the lower lumbar region.		04.6921
Inferior Dislocation
[description not available]		02.6530
Hangman Fracture
[description not available]		02.0310
Spinal Fractures
Broken bones in the vertebral column.		02.0310
Allergic Conjunctivitis
[description not available]		03.3220
Conjunctivitis, Allergic
Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.		03.3220
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		02.4320
Gingivostomatitis, Herpetic
[description not available]		03.3520
Stomatitis, Herpetic
Stomatitis caused by Herpesvirus hominis. It usually occurs as acute herpetic stomatitis (or gingivostomatitis), an oral manifestation of primary herpes simplex seen primarily in children and adolescents.		03.3520
Cognition Disorders
Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.		05.3953
Anemia, Hypoplastic
[description not available]		02.0310
Anemia, Aplastic
A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.		02.0310
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.		02.0310
Sinus Infections
[description not available]		02.3820
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		02.3820
Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder
[description not available]		02.0310
Choroid Neovascularization
[description not available]		02.0310
Benign Mastocytoma
[description not available]		02.0310
Nevi, Melanocytic
[description not available]		02.0310
Nevoxanthoendothelioma
[description not available]		02.0310
Xanthoma
[description not available]		02.0310
Nevus, Pigmented
A nevus containing melanin. The term is usually restricted to nevocytic nevi (round or oval collections of melanin-containing nevus cells occurring at the dermoepidermal junction of the skin or in the dermis proper) or moles, but may be applied to other pigmented nevi.		02.0310
Nasopharyngitis
Inflammation of the NASOPHARYNX, usually including its mucosa, related lymphoid structure, and glands.		03.4211
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		02.0310
Cholecystoduodenal Fistula
[description not available]		02.0310
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		14.0310
Allergy, Nut
[description not available]		02.4420
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.6730
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.6730
Nut Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to tree nuts that is triggered by the immune system.		02.4420
Bone Cancer
[description not available]		03.8121
Lymph Node Metastasis
[description not available]		03.7921
Bone Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.		03.8121
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		06.6997
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		18.6997
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		05.2141
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		03.8121
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		05.2141
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		03.8121
Acne
[description not available]		02.6930
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		02.6930
Mononeuritis
[description not available]		03.4211
Mononeuropathies
Disease or trauma involving a single peripheral nerve in isolation, or out of proportion to evidence of diffuse peripheral nerve dysfunction. Mononeuropathy multiplex refers to a condition characterized by multiple isolated nerve injuries. Mononeuropathies may result from a wide variety of causes, including ISCHEMIA; traumatic injury; compression; CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; and other conditions.		03.4211
Chronic Infantile Neurologic, Cutaneous, and Articular Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9210
Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes
A group of rare autosomal dominant diseases, commonly characterized by atypical URTICARIA (hives) with systemic symptoms that develop into end-organ damage. The atypical hives do not involve T-cell or autoantibody. Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome includes three previously distinct disorders: Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome; Muckle-Wells Syndrome; and CINCA Syndrome, that are now considered to represent a disease continuum, all caused by NLRP3 PROTEIN mutations.		01.9210
Proctitis
INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		01.9210
Carditis
[description not available]		01.9210
Myocarditis
Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.		01.9210
Acariasis
[description not available]		02.4220
ARSB Deficiency
[description not available]		02.0410
Mucopolysaccharidosis VI
Mucopolysaccharidosis with excessive CHONDROITIN SULFATE B in urine, characterized by dwarfism and deafness. It is caused by a deficiency of N-ACETYLGALACTOSAMINE-4-SULFATASE (arylsulfatase B).		02.0410
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).		02.0410
Happy Puppet Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0410
Angelman Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by multiple abnormalities, MENTAL RETARDATION, and movement disorders. Present usually are skull and other abnormalities, frequent infantile spasms (SPASMS, INFANTILE); easily provoked and prolonged paroxysms of laughter (hence happy); jerky puppetlike movements (hence puppet); continuous tongue protrusion; motor retardation; ATAXIA; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; and a peculiar facies. It is associated with maternal deletions of chromosome 15q11-13 and other genetic abnormalities. (From Am J Med Genet 1998 Dec 4;80(4):385-90; Hum Mol Genet 1999 Jan;8(1):129-35)		02.0410
Cutaneous Mastocytosis
[description not available]		02.0410
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection
[description not available]		01.9410
Diphtheria
A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.		01.9410
Abortion, Veterinary
Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.		01.9410
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		02.8640
Infections, Vibrio
[description not available]		01.9410
Caries, Dental
[description not available]		01.9410
Asialia
[description not available]		02.6430
Dental Caries
Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.		01.9410
Xerostomia
Decreased salivary flow.		02.6430
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.		03.7321
Albers-Schoenberg Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Osteopetrosis
Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).		01.9410
Inner Ear Disease
[description not available]		03.3411
Labyrinth Diseases
Pathological processes of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) which contains the essential apparatus of hearing (COCHLEA) and balance (SEMICIRCULAR CANALS).		03.3411
Hypotension, Postural
[description not available]		02.6530
Hypotension, Orthostatic
A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.		02.6530
Gastritis
Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.		02.8640
Bronchospasm, Exercise-Induced
[description not available]		03.7521
Asthma, Exercise-Induced
Asthma attacks following a period of exercise. Usually the induced attack is short-lived and regresses spontaneously. The magnitude of postexertional airway obstruction is strongly influenced by the environment in which exercise is performed (i.e. inhalation of cold air during physical exertion markedly augments the severity of the airway obstruction; conversely, warm humid air blunts or abolishes it).		03.7521
Gastric Fistula
Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.		06.9610
Anochlesia
[description not available]		02.3620
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		05.7642
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		05.7642
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		01.9510
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		01.9510
Electrolytes
Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		02.3720
Muscle Relaxation
That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.		03.4880
Heat Collapse
[description not available]		01.9610
Fetal Distress
A nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicating that the FETUS is compromised (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1988). It can be identified by sub-optimal values in FETAL HEART RATE; oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD; and other parameters.		01.9610
Empyema, Gall Bladder
[description not available]		03.0550
Deficiency, IgG
[description not available]		01.9610
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.		03.0550
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		01.9610
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		03.3470
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		03.3470
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic
[description not available]		01.9610
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.		01.9610
Bilharziasis
[description not available]		01.9610
Granulomatosis, Lymphomatoid
[description not available]		01.9610
Schistosomiasis
Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.		01.9610
Brown Lung
[description not available]		01.9610
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		02.8740
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.8740
Hypergammaglobulinemia
An excess of GAMMA-GLOBULINS in the serum due to chronic infections or PARAPROTEINEMIAS.		02.3620
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		01.9610
Alcoholic Cirrhosis
[description not available]		01.9610
Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic
FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.		01.9610
Foot Dermatoses
Skin diseases of the foot, general or unspecified.		01.9610
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
[description not available]		04.65110
Respiratory Insufficiency
Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)		04.65110
Myoglobinuria
The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.		01.9610
Entrapment Neuropathies
[description not available]		04.2841
Gout
Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.		02.3620
Elaeophoriasis
[description not available]		03.7521
Loa loa Filariasis
[description not available]		01.9610
Filariasis
Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.		08.7521
Loiasis
A parasitic infection caused by the nematode Loa loa. The vector in the transmission of this infection is the horsefly (Tabanus) or the deerfly or mango fly (Chrysops). The larvae may be seen just beneath the skin or passing through the conjunctiva. Eye lesions are not uncommon. The disease is generally mild and painless.		01.9610
Deafness, Transitory
[description not available]		03.3411
Middle Ear Inflammation
[description not available]		03.7521
Otitis Media
Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.		03.7521
Hearing Loss
A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.		03.3411
Abdomen, Acute
A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.		01.9610
Bright Disease
A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.		01.9610
Glomerulonephritis
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		01.9610
Argentaffinoma
[description not available]		02.3620
Carcinoid Tumor
A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)		02.3620
Central Hypothyroidism
[description not available]		01.9510
Hypothyroidism
A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.		01.9510
Diplopia
A visual symptom in which a single object is perceived by the visual cortex as two objects rather than one. Disorders associated with this condition include REFRACTIVE ERRORS; STRABISMUS; OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES; TROCHLEAR NERVE DISEASES; ABDUCENS NERVE DISEASES; and diseases of the BRAIN STEM and OCCIPITAL LOBE.		01.9510
Ametropia
[description not available]		01.9510
Refractive Errors
Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.		01.9510
Mandibular Fractures
Fractures of the lower jaw.		01.9510
Osteomyelitis
INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.		01.9510
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.		01.9610
Hyperthyroid
[description not available]		04.2541
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.		04.2541
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		03.7621
Kaposi Sarcoma
[description not available]		03.3711
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		03.7621
Sarcoma, Kaposi
A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.		03.3711
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		03.2360
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.		08.2360
Hemiplegia, Crossed
[description not available]		01.9810
Hemiplegia
Severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. This condition is usually caused by BRAIN DISEASES that are localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite to the side of weakness. Less frequently, BRAIN STEM lesions; cervical SPINAL CORD DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and other conditions may manifest as hemiplegia. The term hemiparesis (see PARESIS) refers to mild to moderate weakness involving one side of the body.		01.9810
Dextro-Looped Transposition of the Great Arteries
[description not available]		01.9810
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
A phenomenon in which symptoms of a disease are fabricated by an individual other than the patient causing unnecessary, and often painful, physical examinations and treatments. This syndrome is considered a form of CHILD ABUSE, since another individual, usually a parent, is the source of the fabrication of symptoms and presents the child for medical care.		02.6830
Transposition of Great Vessels
A congenital cardiovascular malformation in which the AORTA arises entirely from the RIGHT VENTRICLE, and the PULMONARY ARTERY arises from the LEFT VENTRICLE. Consequently, the pulmonary and the systemic circulations are parallel and not sequential, so that the venous return from the peripheral circulation is re-circulated by the right ventricle via aorta to the systemic circulation without being oxygenated in the lungs. This is a potentially lethal form of heart disease in newborns and infants.		01.9810
Decerebrate Posturing
[description not available]		02.6430
Gastric Diseases
[description not available]		02.6730
Hydrothorax
A collection of watery fluid in the pleural cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9810
Acrania
[description not available]		01.9810
Neural Tube Defects
Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)		01.9810
Hypercapnia
A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.		02.3720
Sneezing
The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.		04.3322
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		03.3711
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		15.3711
Rhinitis, Allergic, Nonseasonal
[description not available]		06.0962
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose similar to that found in hay fever except that symptoms persist throughout the year. The causes are usually air-borne allergens, particularly dusts, feathers, molds, animal fur, etc.		06.0962
Wounds, Penetrating
Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.		03.3711
Atypical Lipomatous Tumor
[description not available]		03.3711
Sarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		04.9833
Osteogenic Sarcoma
[description not available]		03.7821
Angioma, Sclerosing
[description not available]		03.3711
Liposarcoma
A malignant tumor derived from primitive or embryonal lipoblastic cells. It may be composed of well-differentiated fat cells or may be dedifferentiated: myxoid (LIPOSARCOMA, MYXOID), round-celled, or pleomorphic, usually in association with a rich network of capillaries. Recurrences are common and dedifferentiated liposarcomas metastasize to the lungs or serosal surfaces. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		03.3711
Sarcoma
A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.		04.9833
Osteosarcoma
A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.7821
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous
A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747)		03.3711
Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
A mild, highly infectious viral disease of children, characterized by vesicular lesions in the mouth and on the hands and feet. It is caused by coxsackieviruses A.		01.9810
Nasal Diseases
[description not available]		03.2820
Paranasal Sinus Diseases
Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors.		01.9810
Infarct
[description not available]		01.9810
Infections, Respirovirus
[description not available]		01.9810
Edema, Laryngeal
[description not available]		01.9810
Laryngeal Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues of any part of the LARYNX, commonly associated with laryngeal injuries and allergic reactions.		01.9810
Carcinoma, Oat Cell
[description not available]		04.6232
Carcinoma, Small Cell
An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)		04.6232
Avian Diseases
[description not available]		01.9810
Dilatation, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.		01.9810
Female Genital Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.8542
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		04.8542
Active Hyperemia
[description not available]		04.0431
Hyperemia
The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).		04.0431
Flaccid Quadriplegia
[description not available]		01.9810
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9810
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.		01.9810
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		01.9910
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.7821
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		15.7821
Academic Disorder, Developmental
[description not available]		03.3711
Learning Disabilities
Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.		03.3711
Mydriasis
Dilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light. This condition may occur due to injury of the pupillary fibers in the oculomotor nerve, in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and in ADIE SYNDROME.		01.9810
Digitate Dermatosis
[description not available]		01.9910
Parapsoriasis
The term applied to a group of relatively uncommon inflammatory, maculopapular, scaly eruptions of unknown etiology and resistant to conventional treatment. Eruptions are both psoriatic and lichenoid in appearance, but the diseases are distinct from psoriasis, lichen planus, or other recognized dermatoses. Proposed nomenclature divides parapsoriasis into two distinct subgroups, PITYRIASIS LICHENOIDES and parapsoriasis en plaques (small- and large-plaque parapsoriasis).		01.9910
Cancer of Nasopharynx
[description not available]		03.3711
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.		03.3711
Angina at Rest
[description not available]		01.9910
Angina, Unstable
Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		01.9910
Brain Embolism and Thrombosis
[description not available]		01.9910
Remission, Spontaneous
A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.		02.3720
Joint Pain
[description not available]		03.7821
Skin Diseases, Vascular
Skin diseases affecting or involving the cutaneous blood vessels and generally manifested as inflammation, swelling, erythema, or necrosis in the affected area.		01.9910
Arthralgia
Pain in the joint.		03.7821
Leiomyosarcoma, Epithelioid
[description not available]		03.7621
Leiomyosarcoma
A sarcoma containing large spindle cells of smooth muscle. Although it rarely occurs in soft tissue, it is common in the viscera. It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus. The median age of patients is 60 years. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1865)		03.7621
Dental Plaque
A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.		01.9810
Ciguatera
[description not available]		06.9910
Ciguatera Poisoning
Poisoning caused by ingestion of SEAFOOD containing microgram levels of CIGUATOXINS. The poisoning is characterized by gastrointestinal, neurological and cardiovascular disturbances.		01.9910
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		04.3322
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		04.3322
Bacterial Meningitides
[description not available]		01.9910
Meningitis, Bacterial
Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.		01.9910
Ataxia
Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.		01.9910
Infections, Pseudomonas
[description not available]		03.0750
Pseudomonas Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.		03.0750
Bacteremia
The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.		01.9910
Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.		01.9910
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		02.3920
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		01.9910
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		02.3920
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		01.9910
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.420
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		01.9910
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		14.420
Dermatitis, Contact, Photoallergic
[description not available]		01.9910
Extravasation of Contrast Media
[description not available]		01.9910
Hebephrenic Schizophrenia
[description not available]		0210
Laryngeal Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LARYNX which coordinates many functions such as voice production, breathing, swallowing, and coughing.		02.3920
Extrasystole, Ventricular
[description not available]		01.9910
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		03.3911
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes
Conditions characterized by pain involving an extremity or other body region, HYPERESTHESIA, and localized autonomic dysfunction following injury to soft tissue or nerve. The pain is usually associated with ERYTHEMA; SKIN TEMPERATURE changes, abnormal sudomotor activity (i.e., changes in sweating due to altered sympathetic innervation) or edema. The degree of pain and other manifestations is out of proportion to that expected from the inciting event. Two subtypes of this condition have been described: type I; (REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY) and type II; (CAUSALGIA). (From Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)		03.3911
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		0210
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		0210
Allergy, Latex
[description not available]		02.420
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, M4
[description not available]		0210
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute
A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.		0210
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.3820
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		02.3820
Monkey Diseases
Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).		0210
Cystadenocarcinoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. (Stedman, 25th ed)		0210
Cheiralgia Paresthetica
[description not available]		0210
Briquet Syndrome
[description not available]		0210
Somatoform Disorders
Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The MEDICALLY UNEXPLAINED SYMPTOMS must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)		0210
Endotoxemia
A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.		0210
Nocturnal Wandering
[description not available]		0210
Uveitis
Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)		0710
Pain, Intractable
Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.		02.3820
Carotid Arteriopathies, Traumatic
[description not available]		0210
Adipocere
[description not available]		0210
Drowning
Death that occurs as a result of anoxia or heart arrest, associated with immersion in liquid.		0210
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		02.0110
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		02.0110
Neurologic Voice Disorder
[description not available]		03.3911
Voice Disorders
Pathological processes that affect voice production, usually involving VOCAL CORDS and the LARYNGEAL MUCOSA. Voice disorders can be caused by organic (anatomical), or functional (emotional or psychological) factors leading to DYSPHONIA; APHONIA; and defects in VOICE QUALITY, loudness, and pitch.		03.3911
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		02.0110
Bone Marrow Diseases
Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.		01.9510
Bodily Distress Disorder
[description not available]		01.9510
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		03.5530
Pink Eye
[description not available]		02.6430
Conjunctivitis
INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.6430
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		01.9510
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.		13.9510
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		03.7421
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		03.7421
Endarteritis
Inflammation of the inner endothelial lining (TUNICA INTIMA) of an artery.		01.9510
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.		01.9510
Hypersensitivity, Type III
[description not available]		02.3520
Libman-Sacks Disease
[description not available]		01.9510
Angiitis
[description not available]		01.9510
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.		13.9510
Vasculitis
Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.		01.9510
Hydrophobia
[description not available]		01.9510
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		02.6430
Autism
[description not available]		03.3311
Autistic Disorder
A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)		15.3311
Nearsightedness
[description not available]		01.9510
Myopia
A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.		01.9510
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		03.5630
Skin Manifestations
Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.		02.3520
Autosomal Hemophilia A
[description not available]		02.3520
Hemophilia A
The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.		02.3520
Absence Seizure Disorder
[description not available]		01.9510
Epilepsy, Absence
A seizure disorder usually occurring in childhood characterized by rhythmic electrical brain discharges of generalized onset. Clinical features include a sudden cessation of ongoing activity usually without loss of postural tone. Rhythmic blinking of the eyelids or lip smacking frequently accompanies the SEIZURES. The usual duration is 5-10 seconds, and multiple episodes may occur daily. Juvenile absence epilepsy is characterized by the juvenile onset of absence seizures and an increased incidence of myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p736)		01.9510
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.3520
Hyperactivity, Motor
[description not available]		02.6530
Prostatic Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues.		01.9510
Pachymeningitis
[description not available]		01.9510
Pus
[description not available]		01.9510
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)		01.9510
Genital Diseases, Male
Pathological processes involving the male reproductive tract (GENITALIA, MALE).		01.9510
Spermatic Cord Torsion
The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost.		01.9510
Fetal Death
Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.		02.8740
Enlarged Liver
[description not available]		01.9510
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		01.9510
Enlarged Spleen
[description not available]		01.9510
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		01.9510
Teeth, Impacted
[description not available]		02.3520
As If Personality
[description not available]		02.3520
Catatonia
A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		02.6430
Onchocerciasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.		02.3520
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary
[description not available]		01.9810
Pulmonary Eosinophilia
A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.		01.9810
Salivary Gland Diseases
Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS.		03.5630
Obstructive Lung Diseases
[description not available]		03.7521
Lung Diseases, Obstructive
Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.		03.7521
Subsepsis Allergica
[description not available]		01.9810
AIDS Seroconversion
[description not available]		01.9810
P carinii Pneumonia
[description not available]		04.0531
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis
A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.		04.0531
Microcephaly
A congenital abnormality in which the CEREBRUM is underdeveloped, the fontanels close prematurely, and, as a result, the head is small. (Desk Reference for Neuroscience, 2nd ed.)		01.9810
Chromosome Deletion
Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.		01.9810
Stunted Growth
[description not available]		01.9810
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		01.9810
Growth Disorders
Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.		01.9810
Plasma Cell Tumor
[description not available]		01.9810
Plasmacytoma
Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites.		01.9810
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		02.6730
Weight Gain
Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.		06.9710
Human Trichinellosis
[description not available]		02.3720
Trichinellosis
An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.		02.3720
Adenocystic Carcinoma
[description not available]		03.3611
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		03.3611
Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic
Carcinoma characterized by bands or cylinders of hyalinized or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumors occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (Dorland, 27th ed)		03.3611
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		03.3611
Plica Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9710
Synovitis
Inflammation of the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE.		01.9710
Starvation
Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3720
Cyanosis
A bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to an increase in the amount of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood or a structural defect in the hemoglobin molecule.		01.9710
Intestinal Diseases
Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.		01.9710
Papilloma, Squamous Cell
[description not available]		01.9710
Papilloma
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9710
Dirofilariasis
Infection with nematodes of the genus DIROFILARIA, usually in animals, especially dogs, but occasionally in man.		01.9710
Precordial Catch
[description not available]		01.9710
Chest Pain
Pressure, burning, or numbness in the chest.		01.9710
Acquired Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
[description not available]		01.9710
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Acquired hemolytic anemia due to the presence of AUTOANTIBODIES which agglutinate or lyse the patient's own RED BLOOD CELLS.		01.9710
Bancroftian Elephantiasis
[description not available]		03.3611
Elephantiasis, Filarial
Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.		03.3611
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		01.9710
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9710
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		01.9710
Keratitis
Inflammation of the cornea.		07.3720
Coronary Artery Vasospasm
[description not available]		01.9710
Coronary Vasospasm
Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.		01.9710
Cyst, Pulmonary Hydatid
[description not available]		01.9710
Neuralgia, Sciatic
[description not available]		01.9610
Sciatica
A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.		01.9610
Deficiency, Magnesium
[description not available]		01.9710
Magnesium Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)		01.9710
Leukemia, Lymphocytic
[description not available]		02.3720
Leukemia, Lymphoid
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.		02.3720
Arthropathies
[description not available]		02.3620
Joint Diseases
Diseases involving the JOINTS.		02.3620
Porphyria
[description not available]		02.8810
Porphyrias
A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.		02.8810
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		01.9710
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		01.9710
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		01.9710
Orbital Diseases
Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.		01.9710
Priapism
A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments.		07.3720
Germinoblastoma
[description not available]		01.9610
Lymphoma
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.		13.9610
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		01.9610
Arthritis, Juvenile Chronic
[description not available]		01.9610
Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
Drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva as a result of insufficient lacrimal secretion. When found in association with XEROSTOMIA and polyarthritis, it is called SJOGREN'S SYNDROME.		01.9610
Arthritis, Juvenile
Arthritis in children, with onset before 16 years of age. The terms juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) refer to classification systems for chronic arthritis in children. Only one subtype of juvenile arthritis (polyarticular-onset, rheumatoid factor-positive) clinically resembles adult rheumatoid arthritis and is considered its childhood equivalent.		01.9610
Acute Membranous Gingivitis
[description not available]		01.9610
Embolism, Fat
Blocking of a blood vessel by fat deposits in the circulation. It is often seen after fractures of large bones or after administration of CORTICOSTEROIDS.		01.9610
Blepharitis
Inflammation of the eyelids.		01.9610
Pyloric Stenosis
Narrowing of the pyloric canal with varied etiology. A common form is due to muscle hypertrophy (PYLORIC STENOSIS, HYPERTROPHIC) seen in infants.		01.9610
Inborn Errors of Metabolism
[description not available]		01.9610
Metabolism, Inborn Errors
Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.		01.9610
Autolysis
The spontaneous disintegration of tissues or cells by the action of their own autogenous enzymes.		01.9610
Brain Dead
[description not available]		01.9610
Oliguria
Decreased URINE output that is below the normal range. Oliguria can be defined as urine output of less than or equal to 0.5 or 1 ml/kg/hr depending on the age.		01.9610
Erysipelas
An acute infection of the skin caused by species of STREPTOCOCCUS. This disease most frequently affects infants, young children, and the elderly. Characteristics include pink-to-red lesions that spread rapidly and are warm to the touch. The commonest site of involvement is the face.		01.9510
Alkalosis
A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.		01.9410
Alkalosis, Respiratory
A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9410
Hyperventilation
A pulmonary ventilation rate faster than is metabolically necessary for the exchange of gases. It is the result of an increased frequency of breathing, an increased tidal volume, or a combination of both. It causes an excess intake of oxygen and the blowing off of carbon dioxide.		02.3520
Harelip
[description not available]		01.9510
Cleft Palate, Isolated
[description not available]		01.9510
Cleft Lip
Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.		01.9510
Cleft Palate
Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.		06.9510
Lymphatic Diseases
Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.		01.9510
Mange, Sarcoptic
[description not available]		01.9510
Scabies
A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.		01.9510
Mastitis, Bovine
INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.		02.6430
Autokinetic Effect
[description not available]		01.9410
A-V Dissociation
[description not available]		01.9510
Arm Injuries
General or unspecified injuries involving the UPPER ARM and the FOREARM.		01.9510
Injuries, Leg
[description not available]		01.9510
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.		01.9410
Nasal Bleeding
[description not available]		02.6330
Lingua Plicata
[description not available]		01.9410
Epistaxis
Bleeding from the nose.		02.6330
Blood Protein Disorders
Hematologic diseases caused by structural or functional defects of BLOOD PROTEINS.		01.9510
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		01.9410
Arthus Phenomenon
[description not available]		02.3420
Dermatitis Exfoliativa
[description not available]		01.9410
Dermatomycoses
Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.		01.9410
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
[description not available]		01.9410
Dermatitis, Exfoliative
The widespread involvement of the skin by a scaly, erythematous dermatitis occurring either as a secondary or reactive process to an underlying cutaneous disorder (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, etc.), or as a primary or idiopathic disease. It is often associated with the loss of hair and nails, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and pruritus. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		01.9410
Neurodermatitis
An extremely variable eczematous skin disease that is presumed to be a response to prolonged vigorous scratching, rubbing, or pinching to relieve intense pruritus. It varies in intensity, severity, course, and morphologic expression in different individuals. Neurodermatitis is believed by some to be psychogenic. The circumscribed or localized form is often referred to as lichen simplex chronicus.		01.9410
Foreign Bodies
Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.		01.9410
Balanitis
Inflammation of the head of the PENIS, glans penis.		01.9510
Renal Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		01.9310
Renal Artery Obstruction
Narrowing or occlusion of the RENAL ARTERY or arteries. It is due usually to ATHEROSCLEROSIS; FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA; THROMBOSIS; EMBOLISM, or external pressure. The reduced renal perfusion can lead to renovascular hypertension (HYPERTENSION, RENOVASCULAR).		01.9310
Carcinoma 256, Walker
A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9410
Cerebral Concussion
[description not available]		01.9410
Hematoma, Subdural
Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). Subdural hematoma can be classified as the acute or the chronic form, with immediate or delayed symptom onset, respectively. Symptoms may include loss of consciousness, severe HEADACHE, and deteriorating mental status.		01.9410
Consciousness, Loss of
[description not available]		02.3520
Brain Concussion
A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)		01.9410
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		01.9410
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		01.9410
Abortion, Tubal
[description not available]		01.9410
Abortion, Spontaneous
Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.		01.9410
Laryngeal Spasm
[description not available]		02.8610
Laryngismus
A disorder in which the adductor muscles of the VOCAL CORDS exhibit increased activity leading to laryngeal spasm. Laryngismus causes closure of the VOCAL FOLDS and airflow obstruction during inspiration.		02.8610
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid
[description not available]		01.9410
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)		01.9410
ENT Diseases
[description not available]		01.9410
Rodent Diseases
Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).		01.9410
Tick Infestations
Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.		02.3520
Abdominal Cryptorchidism
[description not available]		01.9410
Bronchial Diseases
Diseases involving the BRONCHI.		01.9510
Endometrial Diseases
[description not available]		02.3520
Urinary Tract Diseases
[description not available]		02.3520
Uterine Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.		02.3520
Burns, Inhalation
Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals.		01.9510
Uremia
A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.		01.9510
Parodontosis
[description not available]		01.9510
Periodontal Diseases
Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.		01.9510
Addison's Anemia
[description not available]		01.9510
Pemphigus Foliaceus
[description not available]		01.9510
Pemphigus
Group of chronic blistering diseases characterized histologically by ACANTHOLYSIS and blister formation within the EPIDERMIS.		01.9510
Hepatitis, Infectious
[description not available]		02.6430
Myotonia
Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia is a characteristic feature of MYOTONIC DISORDERS.		01.9510
Hepatitis
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.		01.9510
Hepatitis A
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.		02.6430
Neuroses
[description not available]		02.8640
Neurotic Disorders
Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.		02.8640
Exophthalmos
Abnormal protrusion of both eyes; may be caused by endocrine gland malfunction, malignancy, injury, or paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye.		01.9510
Puerperal Disorders
Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.		01.9510
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		04.0231
Intraventricular Septal Defects
[description not available]		01.9510
Polyploid
[description not available]		01.9510
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular
Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.		01.9510
Water Intoxication
A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion.		01.9510
Infection, Wound
[description not available]		01.9510
Hirsutism
A condition observed in WOMEN and CHILDREN when there is excess coarse body hair of an adult male distribution pattern, such as facial and chest areas. It is the result of elevated ANDROGENS from the OVARIES, the ADRENAL GLANDS, or exogenous sources. The concept does not include HYPERTRICHOSIS, which is an androgen-independent excessive hair growth.		01.9510
Dermatitis, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		01.9410
Radiodermatitis
A cutaneous inflammatory reaction occurring as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation.		01.9410
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
[description not available]		02.3520
Hepatitis B
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.		02.3520
Xeroderma
[description not available]		01.9410
Ichthyosis
Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.		01.9410
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		01.9410
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		01.9410
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		01.9410
Keratoconjunctivitis
Simultaneous inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva.		01.9410
Infantile Respiratory Distress Syndrome
[description not available]		01.9410
Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn
A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.		01.9410
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral
[description not available]		01.9410
Hemarthrosis
Bleeding into the joints. It may arise from trauma or spontaneously in patients with hemophilia.		01.9410
Hemorrhage, Oral
[description not available]		01.9410
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.		01.9410
Female Genital Diseases
[description not available]		04.2922
Genital Diseases, Female
Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).		04.2922
Cor Pulmonale
[description not available]		01.9410
Incompetence, Pulmonary Valve
[description not available]		01.9410
Childhood Torsion Disease
[description not available]		01.9410
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		01.9410
Hypomenorrhea
[description not available]		01.9410
Death, Sudden
The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.		01.9410
Plant Poisoning
Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.		01.9410
Anorectal Diseases
[description not available]		01.9410
Anus Diseases
Diseases involving the ANUS.		01.9410
Rectal Diseases
Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		01.9410
Verruca
[description not available]		01.9410
Warts
Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin.		01.9410
Yellow Fever
An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. The severe form is characterized by fever, HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE, and renal damage.		01.9410
Granuloma, Hodgkin
[description not available]		01.9410
Phimosis
A condition in which the FORESKIN cannot be retracted to reveal the GLANS PENIS. It is due to tightness or narrowing of the foreskin opening.		01.9410
Hodgkin Disease
A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.		01.9410