Page last updated: 2024-08-05 14:53:12

hormone

Originally referring to an endogenous compound that is formed in specialized organ or group of cells and carried to another organ or group of cells, in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory function, the term is now commonly used to include non-endogenous, semi-synthetic and fully synthetic analogues of such compounds.

ChEBI ID: 24621

Members (5)

MemberDefinitionClass
calcitriolA hydroxycalciol that is calcidiol in which the pro-S hydrogen of calcidiol is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the active form of vitamin D3, produced fom calciol via hydoxylation in the liver to form calcidiol, which is subsequently oxidised in the kidney to give calcitriol.calcitriol
glutaurineA dipeptide resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of taurine with the gamma-carboxy group of L-glutamic acid. It was initially found in the parathyroid in 1980 and later in the brain of mammals.glutaurine zwitterion; glutaurine
glutaurineA dipeptide zwitterion that is glutaurine in which a proton has been transferred from the carboxy group to the alpha-amino group.glutaurine zwitterion; glutaurine
melatoninA member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl group. It is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in humans.melatonin
pyrabactinA sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 4-bromonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with the exocyclic amino group of 2-pyridylmethylamine. Mimics the action of the abscisic acid, a phytohormone.pyrabactin

Research

Studies (37,729)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-19905,799 (15.37)18.7374
1990's8,505 (22.54)18.2507
2000's9,117 (24.16)29.6817
2010's10,015 (26.54)24.3611
2020's4,293 (11.38)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials2,675 (6.78%)5.53%
Reviews5,385 (13.65%)6.00%
Case Studies1,315 (3.33%)4.05%
Observational96 (0.24%)0.25%
Other29,989 (76.00%)84.16%

Protein Targets (112)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.183811
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency52.220611
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency68.483822
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency29.081011
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency8.492111
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.001622
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine proteaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency69.637211
caspase-3Homo sapiens (human)Potency69.637211
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.553111
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.387211
Chain A, Beta-lactamaseEscherichia coli K-12Potency19.952611
Chain A, Ferritin light chainEquus caballus (horse)Potency10.000011
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency56.234111
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.183811
ClpPBacillus subtilisPotency28.183811
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.952622
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.317512
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency55.314811
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.091912
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.125044
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency19.952611
gemininHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.849222
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.723111
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.999313
interleukin 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency74.978011
lamin isoform A-delta10Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.000811
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.177811
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.387211
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.118911
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.063111
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency58.570612
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency13.457423
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency41.425323
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.005711
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency84.921411
phosphopantetheinyl transferaseBacillus subtilisPotency39.810711
PPM1D proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.999312
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency62.064211
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency8.412711
ras-related protein Rab-9AHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.125411
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.119211
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency39.159911
thioredoxin glutathione reductaseSchistosoma mansoniPotency39.810711
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency13.766223
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency56.234111

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC500.100012
Acetylcholinesterase Bos taurus (cattle)IC500.100023
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.000511
Androgen receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC5010.000011
AromataseHomo sapiens (human)IC5011.300011
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000012
Bile salt export pumpHomo sapiens (human)IC5086.350012
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000012
Carboxylic ester hydrolase Equus caballus (horse)IC500.100011
Chain A, Abscisic acid receptor PYL1Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)IC501.140014
CholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC500.100012
Cytochrome P450 1A1Homo sapiens (human)Ki59.000011
Cytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)Ki12.000011
Cytochrome P450 1A2 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.000311
Cytochrome P450 1B1Homo sapiens (human)Ki14.000011
Cytochrome P450 2C11 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.000311
Cytochrome P450 2C19Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.000111
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)IC500.009311
Cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.000222
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)IC500.009311
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.000111
Histamine H3 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.000511
Melatonin receptor type 1AHomo sapiens (human)IC500.00251818
Melatonin receptor type 1AGallus gallus (chicken)Ki0.000778
Melatonin receptor type 1AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00036769
Melatonin receptor type 1BHomo sapiens (human)IC500.00351212
Melatonin receptor type 1BGallus gallus (chicken)Ki0.000789
Melatonin receptor type 1BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.00046264
Melatonin receptor type 1CGallus gallus (chicken)Ki0.000778
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.000422
Mu-type opioid receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.000311
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50133.000012
MyeloperoxidaseHomo sapiens (human)IC503.000011
Nociceptin receptorMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.000311
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUMHomo sapiens (human)IC5075.400011
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]Homo sapiens (human)IC507.316188
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.042222
TransporterRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.000111
Vitamin D3 receptorBos taurus (cattle)IC500.000011
Vitamin D3 receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC500.34011919
Vitamin D3 receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.00011111

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrialHomo sapiens (human)EC500.003011
Chain A, Vitamin D Nuclear ReceptorHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.000611
Kappa-type opioid receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)EC500.000011
Melatonin receptor type 1AGallus gallus (chicken)EC500.022611
Melatonin receptor type 1AHomo sapiens (human)EC500.00081111
Melatonin receptor type 1BGallus gallus (chicken)EC500.022611
Melatonin receptor type 1BHomo sapiens (human)EC500.00251212
Melatonin receptor type 1CGallus gallus (chicken)EC500.022611
Melatonin receptor type 1CXenopus laevis (African clawed frog)EC500.000133
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alphaHomo sapiens (human)EC500.001611
Vitamin D-binding proteinHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.024011
Vitamin D3 receptorBos taurus (cattle)EC500.000122
Vitamin D3 receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC500.03943636
Vitamin D3 receptorMus musculus (house mouse)EC500.100011
Vitamin D3 receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.000277
Vitamin D3 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.000111
Vitamin D3 receptorSus scrofa (pig)Kd0.000111
Vitamin D3 receptor ADanio rerio (zebrafish)EC500.005511
Vitamin D3 receptor ADanio rerio (zebrafish)Kd1.200011

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Cytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)ED500.000211
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)ED500.000212
Cytochrome P450 3A4Homo sapiens (human)ED500.000211
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2Homo sapiens (human)CD60.000011
Vitamin D3 receptorHomo sapiens (human)ED500.100744
Vitamin D3 receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)ED50500,000.000266