Roles > cross-linking reagent
Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:21:25

cross-linking reagent

A reagent with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between macromolecules, principally side chains of amino acids in proteins, allowing the locations of naturally reactive areas within the proteins to be identified.

ChEBI ID: 50684

Members (12)

MemberDefinitionClass
1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)carbodiimideA carbodiimide having cyclcohexyl and 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl as the two N-substituents.N-cyclohexyl-N'-(2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl)carbodiimide
1,3-dichloro-2-propanolA secondary alcohol that is isopropanol in which one hydrogen of each methyl group is substituted by a chlorine. A liquid at room temperature (melting point -4degreeC, boiling point 174degreeC at 760 mm Hg), it is used as a solvent for hard resins and nitrocellulose.1,3-dichloropropan-2-ol
cisplatinA diamminedichloroplatinum compound in which the two ammine ligands and two chloro ligands are oriented in a cis planar configuration around the central platinum ion. An anticancer drug that interacts with, and forms cross-links between, DNA and proteins, it is used as a neoplasm inhibitor to treat solid tumours, primarily of the testis and ovary. Commonly but incorrectly described as an alkylating agent due to its mechanism of action (but it lacks alkyl groups).cisplatin; transplatin
cyanuric chlorideA chloro-1,3,5-triazine in which the triazine ring is substituted on each carbon by chlorine. Its main use is in the preparation of the triazine-class pesticides.cyanuric chloride
dicyclohexylcarbodiimideA carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
divinyl sulfoneA sulfone compound having two S-vinyl substituents.divinyl sulfone
ethylene dimethacrylateThe enoate ester that is the 1,2-bis(methacryloyl) derivative of ethylene glycol.ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
genipinGenipin
glutaralA dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.glutaraldehyde
methoxsalenA member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.methoxsalen
pentosidineAn imidazopyridine having norleucine and ornithine residues attached via their side-chains at the 4- and 2-positions respectively.pentosidine
tetrachlorophthalic anhydrideA cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is phthalic anhydride chlorinated at the 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-positions.tetrachlorophthalic anhydride

Research

Studies (12,903)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-19904,685 (36.31)18.7374
1990's2,576 (19.96)18.2507
2000's2,213 (17.15)29.6817
2010's2,685 (20.81)24.3611
2020's744 (5.77)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials351 (2.54%)5.53%
Reviews366 (2.65%)6.00%
Case Studies287 (2.08%)4.05%
Observational5 (0.04%)0.25%
Other12,791 (92.69%)84.16%

Protein Targets (133)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
15-lipoxygenase, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency16.208612
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency1.353422
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency52.010125
activating transcription factor 6Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.318527
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.299413
Amyloid-beta precursor proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency20.596211
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.2605825
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.311825
arylsulfatase AHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.331311
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency60.045912
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency3.793311
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency59.684323
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.183822
caspase-3Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency75.630311
Caspase-7Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency75.630311
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency33.0618313
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.118911
Chain A, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.758522
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.183822
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.079511
Chain B, HADH2 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.758522
chromobox protein homolog 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency49.018822
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.800612
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.162311
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.890211
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency4.364911
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency22.411312
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.824728
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency19.497111
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency43.835516
DNA polymerase III, partialBacillus subtilisPotency18.887611
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)Homo sapiens (human)Potency57.122012
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency63.405412
endonuclease IVEscherichia coliPotency1.412511
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.05381136
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency18.846735
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency14.2609616
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency0.382412
EWS/FLI fusion proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.317322
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.513533
flap endonuclease 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency36.019223
Fumarate hydrataseHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency3.890211
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency17.824714
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency37.657029
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.000011
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.481311
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency27.695224
glucokinase regulatory proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.374912
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency1.584911
guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.995311
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency61.652422
hexokinase-4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency3.162313
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency21.169912
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency113.004011
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency50.118711
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.890211
hypothetical protein, conservedTrypanosoma bruceiPotency1.901211
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency42.764013
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)Homo sapiens (human)Potency59.621812
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.890212
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.890211
interleukin 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency64.029212
lethal factor (plasmid)Bacillus anthracis str. A2012Potency17.802012
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency48.138113
M-phase phosphoprotein 8Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.615712
Microtubule-associated protein tauHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.943322
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency15.065412
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency0.141311
neuropeptide S receptor isoform AHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.118911
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.2098411
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency53.919713
Nuclear receptor ROR-gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency21.886113
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Potency3.625322
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency17.4493314
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.854511
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency84.921411
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.7179517
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor deltaHomo sapiens (human)Potency32.856835
phosphoglycerate kinaseTrypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927Potency26.854511
polyproteinZika virusPotency15.848911
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency42.460012
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency49.229029
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.197211
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency34.2390210
regulator of G-protein signaling 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.500311
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency42.148339
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.9955410
RGS12Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.995311
SMAD family member 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency55.477212
SMAD family member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency55.477212
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency11.220211
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency18.256322
thioredoxin reductaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency8.912447
ThrombopoietinHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.589322
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency37.100637
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.002823
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency36.144437
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency43.928412
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency29.795111
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.519545
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRAHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunitMus musculus (house mouse)Potency35.374912

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)IC5027.380022
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] AHomo sapiens (human)IC5085.110011
Beta-secretase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50500.000011
Cytochrome P450 1A2Homo sapiens (human)IC500.040011
Cytochrome P450 2A13Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.040011
Cytochrome P450 2A6Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.983333
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50500.000011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11Homo sapiens (human)IC50500.000011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50500.000011

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
Cytochrome P450 2A13Homo sapiens (human)Kd1.600011
Cytochrome P450 2A6Homo sapiens (human)Kd11.000011
Polyphenol oxidase 2Agaricus bisporusEC5014.800011
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