A hemiacetal having the structure R2C(OH)OR (R =/= H), derived from a ketone by formal addition of an alcohol to the carbonyl group. The term 'cyclic hemiketals', once abandoned by IUPAC, has been reinstated as a subclass of hemiacetals.
| Member | Definition | Role |
|---|
| alborixin | A polyether antibiotic that is isolated from cultures of a strain of Streptomyces albus. | alborixin |
| aplysiatoxin | The parent member of the class of aplysiatoxins. It is a cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria, as well as algae and molluscs. | aplysiatoxin |
| azadirachtin | A member of the family of azadirachtins that is isolated from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica). | azadirachtin A |
| bafilomycin a1 | The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus. | bafilomycin A1 |
| bryostatin 1 | A member of the class of bryostatins that is (17E)-2-oxooxacyclohexacos-17-ene which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 10, and 20; an acetoxy group at position 8; methyl groups at positions 9, 9, 18, and 19; 2-methoxy-2-oxoethylidene groups at positions 14 and 24; an (E,E)-octa-2,4-dienoyloxy group at position 21; and with oxygen bridges linking positions 6 to 10, 12 to 16, and 20 to 24. It is one of the most abundant member of the class of bryostatins. | bryostatin 1 |
| bryostatin 2 | A member of the class of bryostatins that is bryostatin 1 in which the acetoxy group has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | bryostatin 2 |
| D-fructopyranose | A fructopyranose having D-configuration. | D-fructopyranose |
| debromoaplysiatoxin | A member of the class of aplysiatoxins that has the structure of the parent aplysiatoxin, but is lacking the bromo substituent on the benzene ring at the position para to the phenolic hydroxy group. It is a cyanotoxin produced by several species of freshwater and marine cyanobacteria, as well as algae and molluscs. | debromoaplysiatoxin |
| fonsecin | A naphtho-gamma-pyrone that is 2,3-dihydro-4H-benzo[g]chromen-4-one bearing a methyl substituent at position 2, a methoxy substituent at position 6 and three hydroxy substituents at positions 2, 5 and 8. | fonsecin |
| fr 901464 | A spiro-epoxide with potent anticancer activity that lowers the mRNA levels of oncogenes and tumour supressor genes. It is isolated from Pseudomonas sp. no.2663. | FR901464 |
| furostanol i | A spirostanyl glycoside that consists of the trisaccharide alpha-L-Rha-(1->4)-[alpha-L-Rha-(1->2)]-beta-D-Glc attached to position 3 of 26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3beta,22-dihydroxyfurost-5-ene via a glycosidic linkage. Found in several plant species including yams, asparagus and funugreek. | protodioscin |
| latrunculin a | A bicyclic macrolide natural product consisting of a 16-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica and from the Fiji Islands sponge Cacospongia mycofijiensis. Latrunculin A inhibits actin polymerisation, microfilament organsation and microfilament-mediated processes. | latrunculin A |
| latrunculin b | A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica. | latrunculin B |
| monensin | A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. | monensin A |
| oridonin | An organic heteropentacyclic compound and ent-kaurane diterpenoid with formula C20H28O6 isolated from the leaves of the medicinal herb Rabdosia rubescens. | oridonin |
| ossamycin | A macrolide antibiotic that was originally isolated from the culture broths of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. ossamyceticus. | ossamycin |
| soraphen a | A macrolide and an agent highly effective against plant-pathogenic fungi. It was extensively researched for agricultural use until it was discovered to be a teratogen. | soraphen A |
| spectinomycin | A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis. | spectinomycin |