fropenem profile

Fropenem is a novel, orally bioavailable, broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. It exhibits potent activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. Fropenem is a synthetic compound with a unique chemical structure, designed to overcome the limitations of existing antibiotics. Its mechanism of action involves the inhibition of bacterial transpeptidases, essential enzymes responsible for peptidoglycan synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. The unique chemical structure of fropenem provides resistance to bacterial resistance mechanisms, such as β-lactamases. Fropenem is currently in preclinical development and holds promising potential for the treatment of various bacterial infections, particularly those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. The study of fropenem is driven by the urgent need for new antibiotics to combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. Its unique properties, including its oral bioavailability, broad-spectrum activity, and resistance to bacterial resistance mechanisms, make it a promising candidate for addressing this global health crisis.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	65894
CHEMBL ID	556262
CHEBI ID	51257
SCHEMBL ID	239381
MeSH ID	M0278677

Synonym
faropenem
faropenem sodium
122547-49-3
NCGC00164546-01
6alpha-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(2r)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2,3-didehydropenam-3-carboxylic acid
CHEBI:51257 ,
(5r,6s)-6-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-oxo-3-[(2r)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
fropenem
106560-14-9
(+)-(5r,6s)-6-((1r)-1-hydroxyethyl)-7-oxo-3-((2r)-tetrahydro-2-furyl)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
6alpha-[(r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(r)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]pen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid
(5r,6s)-6-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-oxo-3-[(2r)-oxolan-2-yl]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
CHEMBL556262
A801462
NCGC00164546-02
faropenem [usan:inn]
fropenem [inn]
f52y83bgh3 ,
unii-f52y83bgh3
dtxsid0046430 ,
cas-106560-14-9
tox21_112175
dtxcid8026430
faropenem sodium hydrate
AKOS015895072
(5r,6s)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-7-oxo-3-[(2r)-oxolan-2-yl]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 6-((1r)-1-hydroxyethyl)-7-oxo-3-((2r)-tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-,(5r,6s)
faropenem [who-dd]
faropenem [mi]
faropenem [inn]
(5r,6s)-6-((1r)-1-hydroxyethyl)-7-oxo-3-((2r)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
SCHEMBL239381
tox21_112175_1
J-001609
SR-01000872591-1
sr-01000872591
bdbm50483324
DB12190
HGGAKXAHAYOLDJ-FHZUQPTBSA-N
Q1397045
compound 1 [pmid: 9216830]
gtpl10808
H11961
(5r,6s)-6-((r)-1-hydroxyethyl)-7-oxo-3-((r)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
122547-49-3 (na)
4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid,6-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-7-oxo-3-[(2r)-tetrahydro-2-furanyl]-, (5r,6s)-
CS-0006739
HY-A0035

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" No special measures were required to treat the adverse events observed in approximately one-third of the patients."	( Efficacy and safety of faropenem in eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori. Hirata, Y; Kawabe, T; Maeda, S; Mitsuno, Y; Ogura, K; Ohmae, T; Omata, M; Shibata, W; Yanai, A; Yoshida, H, 2007)	0.34
" pylori in about two-thirds of the patients although the incidence of adverse events was high."	( Efficacy and safety of faropenem in eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori. Hirata, Y; Kawabe, T; Maeda, S; Mitsuno, Y; Ogura, K; Ohmae, T; Omata, M; Shibata, W; Yanai, A; Yoshida, H, 2007)	0.34
" No serious adverse drug reactions were observed."	( [Efficacy and safety of faropenem in pediatric patients with bacterial infectious diseases]. Abe, T; Azagami, S; Bamba, M; Cho, H; Hojo, H; Jozaki, K; Koizumi, Y; Nakao, A; Nonoyama, M; Ojima, T; Ozaki, A; Sunakawa, K; Yokota, T, 2008)	0.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The pharmacodynamic properties of faropenem, a new oral penem antibiotic, were investigated by studying time-kill kinetics and postantibiotic effect."	( Pharmacodynamic properties of faropenem demonstrated by studies of time-kill kinetics and postantibiotic effect. Andrews, JM; Boswell, FJ; Wise, R, 1997)	0.3
" The effect of the presence of inactivated human serum and albumin on the in vitro activity of faropenem and amoxicillin was established and the influence of protein binding on the pharmacodynamic properties of faropenem and amoxicillin was compared."	( Effect of protein binding on the in vitro activity and pharmacodynamics of faropenem. Andrews, JM; Ashby, JP; Boswell, FJ; Wise, R, 2002)	0.31
" The method was successfully utilized to quantify faropenem in human plasma and urine to support the clinical pharmacokinetic studies."	( High-throughput determination of faropenem in human plasma and urine by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection and its application to the pharmacokinetic study. Fan, G; Wei, H; Wen, J; Xie, R; Zhang, D, 2010)	0.36
" The sigmoid maximum-threshold-of-efficacy (E(max)) model fit the survival data, in which the free-drug area under the concentration-time curve (fAUC)/MIC ratio, the maximum concentration of free drug in plasma (fC(max))/MIC ratio, and the cumulative percentage of a 24-h period that the free-drug concentration exceeds the MIC under steady-state pharmacokinetic conditions (f %T(MIC)) were each evaluated."	( Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic assessment of faropenem in a lethal murine Bacillus anthracis inhalation postexposure prophylaxis model. Ambrose, PG; Bassett, J; Beaudry, A; Bhavnani, SM; Critchley, I; Gill, SC; Heine, HS; Janjic, N; Li, J; Miller, L; Rubino, CM; Stone, KC, 2010)	0.36
" Plasma concentration was measured after drug administration, using high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/MS/MS), and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated."	( Predicting Pharmacokinetics Variation of Faropenem Using a Pharmacometabonomic Approach. Huang, Q; Li, L; Ma, P; Qi, X; Song, Q; Tao, L; Wei, J; Xing, X; Zhou, G; Zou, B, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Although the participation of the particular transporters in observed drug-drug interactions can be difficult to confirm in humans, this review focuses mainly on pharmacokinetic interactions of clinically important drugs."	( Transporter-mediated Drug Interactions. Tsuji, A, 2002)	0.31

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The compound has significantly improved oral bioavailability and is dehydropeptidase-I stable."	( Faropenem medoxomil: A0026, BAY 56-6854, BAY 566854, faropenem daloxate, SUN 208, SUN A0026. , 2008)	0.35
"25 and the relative bioavailability of the test formulation was 97."	( Evaluation of the bioequivalence of two faropenem formulations in healthy Indian subjects. Bhaumik, U; Bose, A; Chakrabarty, US; Das, A; Ghosh, A; Mandal, U; Pal, TK; Ray, KK, 2008)	0.35
" Here, we report that faropenem, a stable and orally bioavailable β-lactam, efficiently kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis even in the absence of clavulanate."	( Rapid cytolysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by faropenem, an orally bioavailable β-lactam antibiotic. Arthur, M; Ballell, L; Barros, D; Cuinet, G; Dhar, N; Dubée, V; Hugonnet, JE; McKinney, JD; Signorino-Gelo, F, 2015)	0.42
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Faropenem medoxomil has almost no drug-drug interactions and little requirement for dosage adjustments in the typical acute rhinosinusitis population."	( Faropenem medoxomil: a treatment option in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Echols, RM; Hadley, JA; Tillotson, GS; Tosiello, R, 2006)	0.33
"4 and (ii) sigmoidal dose-response curves with cloxacillin (0."	( Restoration of susceptibility of intracellular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactams: comparison of strains, cells, and antibiotics. Appelbaum, PC; Glupczynski, Y; Lemaire, S; Olivier, A; Tulkens, PM; Van Bambeke, F, 2008)	0.35
"The only oral penem antibiotic, faropenem (FRPM: Farom Dry Syrup for pediatrics), is one of the few antibiotics that exerts potent antibacterial activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP), and the dosage and administration schedule has been established for children."	( [Efficacy and safety of faropenem in pediatric patients with bacterial infectious diseases]. Abe, T; Azagami, S; Bamba, M; Cho, H; Hojo, H; Jozaki, K; Koizumi, Y; Nakao, A; Nonoyama, M; Ojima, T; Ozaki, A; Sunakawa, K; Yokota, T, 2008)	0.35
" The first-order rate constants of the degradation of faropenem in pure form and in pharmaceutical dosage were determined by using first-derivative spectrophotometry."	( Derivative spectrophotometry for the determination of faropenem in the presence of degradation products: an application for kinetic studies. Cielecka-Piontek, J, 2013)	0.39
" One of the reasons (carba)penems are seldom used for treatment of TB is the high dosage levels required, often at the therapeutic limits."	( Carbapenems and Rifampin Exhibit Synergy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus. Kaushik, A; Lamichhane, G; Makkar, N; Pandey, P; Parrish, N; Singh, U, 2015)	0.42

Class	Description
faropenem
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	23.7101	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.6032	0.0004	17.9460	75.1148	AID1346795
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	4.8754	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720691; AID720692; AID720719
activating transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.4481	0.1434	27.6121	59.8106	AID1159516
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1456	0.0006	27.2152	1,122.0200	AID743202; AID743219
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (245)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID557482	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3413 PBP1B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID529582	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Bradyrhizobium japonicum beta-Lactamase BJP-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID1732800	Drug metabolism assessed as VIM-2 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR base	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID423245	Antibacterial activity against Moraxella catarrhalis isolated from respiratory tract infected patients after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID1732825	Drug metabolism assessed as NDM-1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR based ana	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557521	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3243 PBP3	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557491	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3413 PBP2X	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557269	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 1394 by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID164585	Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined in heart infusion agar medium against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-1	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	5,6-Cis-penems: broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID423098	Antibacterial activity against penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected patients after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID1732810	Drug metabolism assessed as KPC-2 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 72 mins by 1H-NMR bas	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1311364	Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 measured after 18 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 26, Issue:15	An evolved oxazolidinone with selective potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and gram positive bacteria.
AID531420	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19F by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID68536	Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined in heart infusion agar medium against beta-lactam producing organism Enterobacter cloacae NTCC9394	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	5,6-Cis-penems: broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID531421	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 35B by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID531660	T>MIC in mouse prophylaxis model infected with Bacillus anthracis	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID557471	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae 1077 by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557496	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3009 PBP2X	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557513	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3665 PBP2B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732817	Drug metabolism assessed as NDM-1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR based ana	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557515	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 1076 PBP2B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732791	Substrate activity at L-1 (unknown origin) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Kcat/Km by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID681152	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2002	Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, , Volume: 17, Issue:4	Transporter-mediated Drug Interactions.
AID557494	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3243 PBP2X	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732819	Drug metabolism assessed as L1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR based analys	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557268	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 3413 by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID423248	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected patients with 6 to 14 years of age after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID562752	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring pBC-CTX-M-15 plasmid by agar dilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID557504	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3665 PBP2A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732786	Substrate activity at Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv BlaC expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Km by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557477	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3665 PBP1A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557507	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 1077 PBP2A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID423097	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected patients after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID557479	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 1076 PBP1A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557473	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3413 PBP1A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557516	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 1077 PBP2B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557490	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 24 PBP2X	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID423262	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected outpatients after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID423099	Antibacterial activity against penicillin-intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected patients after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID1732787	Substrate activity at Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 expressed in Escherichia coli assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Km by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557519	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 2527 PBP3	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732778	Substrate activity at VIM-2 (unknown origin) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Kcat by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1732789	Substrate activity at KPC-2 (unknown origin) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Kcat/Km by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557514	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3009 PBP2B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732822	Drug metabolism assessed as OXA-48 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 55 mins by 1H-NMR based a	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1732799	Drug metabolism assessed as VIM-1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR base	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557511	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3676 PBP2B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557469	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae 3009 by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID206010	Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined in heart infusion agar medium against Staphylococcus aureus 209P JC-1	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	5,6-Cis-penems: broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID1732823	Drug metabolism assessed as VIM-1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR based ana	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1732784	Substrate activity at VIM-2 (unknown origin) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Km by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID531419	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID557480	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 1077 PBP1A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID562751	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha harboring pBC-CTX-M-71 plasmid by agar dilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID1732828	Drug metabolism assessed as VIM-1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (2R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR bas	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID562754	Activity of Klebsiella pneumoniae AH24-270 CTX-M-71 beta-lactamase	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID660265	Antimicrobial activity against wild type Escherichia coli expressing AcrAB-TolC efflux pump	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 52	Computational analysis of structure-based interactions and ligand properties can predict efflux effects on antibiotics.
AID1732802	Drug metabolism assessed as KPC-2 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 72 mins by 1H-NMR bas	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1171223	Ratio of MIC for wild-type Escherichia coli to MIC for tolC-deficient Escherichia coli	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 57, Issue:23	Trends and exceptions of physical properties on antibacterial activity for Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID531659	Antibacterial activity against non-multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID557486	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3665 PBP1B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732782	Substrate activity at Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 BJP-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Kcat by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557502	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3676 PBP2A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732783	Substrate activity at KPC-2 (unknown origin) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Km by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1732803	Drug metabolism assessed as L1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR based a	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557520	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3676 PBP3	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID531417	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID557498	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 1077 PBP2X	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID531425	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 22 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID557493	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3676 PBP2X	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732808	Drug metabolism assessed as VIM-2 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR base	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557501	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 2527 PBP2A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557474	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 2527 PBP1A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID423250	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected patients more than 65 years of age after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID1732780	Substrate activity at Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv BlaC expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Kcat by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557475	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3676 PBP1A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732792	Substrate activity at Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv BlaC expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Kcat/Km by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557509	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3413 PBP2B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1732798	Drug metabolism assessed as OXA-48 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 55 mins by 1H-NMR ba	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557478	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3009 PBP1A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID562756	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Klebsiella pneumoniae AH24-270 CTX-M-71 beta-lactamase	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID1732806	Drug metabolism assessed as OXA-48 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 55 mins by 1H-NMR ba	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1732795	Inhibition of KPC-2 (unknown origin)	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1171213	Antibacterial activity against tolC-deficient Escherichia coli	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 57, Issue:23	Trends and exceptions of physical properties on antibacterial activity for Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.
AID1732804	Drug metabolism assessed as OXA10 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 16 hrs by 1H-NMR base	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557472	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 24 PBP1A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID562749	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 transconjugant harboring blaCTX-M-71 gene by agar dilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID423258	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected female patients after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID562740	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] harboring pBC-CTX-M-15 plasmid by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID1732818	Drug metabolism assessed as KPC-2 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 72 mins by 1H-NMR based an	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557508	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 24 PBP2B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557492	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 2527 PBP2X	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732777	Substrate activity at KPC-2 (unknown origin) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Kcat by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID531661	Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID562739	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] harboring pBC-CTX-M-71 plasmid by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID1732781	Substrate activity at Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 expressed in Escherichia coli assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Kcat by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557499	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 24 PBP2A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557484	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3676 PBP1B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID660262	Ratio of MIC for wild type Escherichia coli TG1 to MIC for acrB-deficient Escherichia coli KAM3 by two-fold serial dilution method	2012	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jun, Volume: 52	Computational analysis of structure-based interactions and ligand properties can predict efflux effects on antibiotics.
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID1732811	Drug metabolism assessed as L1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR based a	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557526	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557476	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3243 PBP1A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID423256	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected male patients after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID1311365	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 measured after 18 hrs by broth microdilution assay	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 26, Issue:15	An evolved oxazolidinone with selective potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and gram positive bacteria.
AID562737	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 transconjugant harboring blaCTX-M-71 gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID203164	Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined in heart infusion agar medium against Serratia marcescens IAM 1136	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	5,6-Cis-penems: broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID531422	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 23A by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID557503	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3243 PBP2A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732821	Drug metabolism assessed as OXA-23 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 2 mM incubated for 15 mins by 1H-NMR based a	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID529576	Ratio of Kcat to Km for Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica DSM 30184 beta-Lactamase CAR-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID1311377	Antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 08-01, Volume: 26, Issue:15	An evolved oxazolidinone with selective potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and gram positive bacteria.
AID1883681	Antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv assessed as inhibition of bacterial growth	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-09, Volume: 65, Issue:11	Tuberculosis Drug Discovery: Challenges and New Horizons.
AID529575	Activity of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica DSM 30184 beta-lactamase CAR-1	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Functional diversity among metallo-beta-lactamases: characterization of the CAR-1 enzyme of Erwinia carotovora.
AID1732805	Drug metabolism assessed as OXA-23 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 2 mM incubated for 15 mins by 1H-NMR ba	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID163424	Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined in heart infusion agar medium against Proteus vulgaris GN 7919	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	5,6-Cis-penems: broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID557485	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3243 PBP1B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID562748	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae AH24-270 expressing blaCTX-M-71 gene by agar dilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID50538	Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined in heart infusion agar medium against beta-lactam producing organism Citrobacter freundii GN7391	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	5,6-Cis-penems: broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID69660	Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined in heart infusion agar medium against beta-lactam producing organism Escherichia coli KC-14/RGN 823	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	5,6-Cis-penems: broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID557518	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3413 PBP3	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID438298	Inhibition of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 5204 PBP2X preincubated for 4 hrs before addition of substrate (R)-[2-(benzoylamino)propionylsulfanyl]acetic acid	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19	Discovery of new inhibitors of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2x by structure-based virtual screening.
AID206011	Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined in heart infusion agar medium against Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	5,6-Cis-penems: broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID1732812	Drug metabolism assessed as OXA10 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 16 hrs by 1H-NMR based ana	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1171215	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Escherichia coli	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 57, Issue:23	Trends and exceptions of physical properties on antibacterial activity for Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.
AID1732814	Drug metabolism assessed as OXA-48 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 55 mins by 1H-NMR based a	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID40800	Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined in heart infusion agar medium against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	5,6-Cis-penems: broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID557267	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 24 by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID562736	Antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae AH24-270 expressing blaCTX-M-71 gene by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID423100	Antibacterial activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected patients after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID531418	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6A/C by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID1732829	Drug metabolism assessed as VIM-2 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (2R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR bas	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557506	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 1076 PBP2A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID67760	Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined in heart infusion agar medium against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	5,6-Cis-penems: broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID557524	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 1076 PBP3	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID562750	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 by agar dilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID1732813	Drug metabolism assessed as OXA-23 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 2 mM incubated for 15 mins by 1H-NMR based a	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID423260	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected inpatients after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID557512	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3243 PBP2B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID531424	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 33 by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID1732820	Drug metabolism assessed as OXA10 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 16 hrs by 1H-NMR based ana	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1732815	Drug metabolism assessed as VIM-1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR based ana	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557495	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3665 PBP2X	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID423247	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected patients with 3 to 5 years of age after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID557481	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 24 PBP1B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557525	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 1077 PBP3	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557483	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 2527 PBP1B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID562753	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5alpha by agar dilution method in presence of beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID438297	Inhibition of penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 PBP2X preincubated for 1 hr before addition of substrate (R)-[2-(benzoylamino)propionylsulfanyl]acetic acid	2009	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Oct-08, Volume: 52, Issue:19	Discovery of new inhibitors of resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae penicillin binding protein (PBP) 2x by structure-based virtual screening.
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID531423	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 15A by broth microdilution method	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID1732816	Drug metabolism assessed as VIM-2 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR based ana	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557271	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 2688 by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732824	Drug metabolism assessed as VIM-2 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR based ana	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1732827	Drug metabolism assessed as L1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR based analys	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID562738	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli K-12 by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID557500	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3413 PBP2A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID93901	Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined in heart infusion agar medium against Klebsiella pneumoniae PCI 602	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	5,6-Cis-penems: broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID557505	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3009 PBP2A	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732788	Substrate activity at Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 BJP-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Km by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557266	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 2527 by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557270	Antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae 1564 by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID531416	T>MIC in mouse neutropenic thigh infection model infected with multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID1732793	Substrate activity at Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 expressed in Escherichia coli assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Kcat/Km by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557467	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin-intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae 3243 by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557487	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3009 PBP1B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID679725	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake of Faropenem at a concentration of 76uM in MCT1-expressing MDA-MB231 cells	1999	The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, Oct, Volume: 51, Issue:10	Immunohistochemical and functional characterization of pH-dependent intestinal absorption of weak organic acids by the monocarboxylic acid transporter MCT1.
AID1732785	Substrate activity at L-1 (unknown origin) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Km by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1732779	Substrate activity at L-1 (unknown origin) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Kcat by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557470	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae 1076 by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID423249	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected patients with 15 to 64 years of age after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID1732826	Drug metabolism assessed as KPC-2 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-hydroxybutylidene)-2,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 72 mins by 1H-NMR based an	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557488	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 1076 PBP1B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID557517	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 24 PBP3	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557468	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin-intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae 3665 by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1732794	Substrate activity at Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA110 BJP-1 expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Kcat/Km by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557510	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 2527 PBP2B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID1883777	Antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in acute Mtb infection mouse model assessed as reduction in log10 CFU at 200 mg/kg for 3 weeks	2022	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-09, Volume: 65, Issue:11	Tuberculosis Drug Discovery: Challenges and New Horizons.
AID531658	Antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae infected in mouse neutropenic thigh infection model	2008	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 52, Issue:7	Prevalence of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among isolates from U.S. children in 2005-2006 and activity of faropenem.
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1732801	Drug metabolism assessed as NDM-1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR base	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID764529	Chemical stability of the compound in simulated gastric fluid assessed as compound remaining at 10 uM after 60 mins at pH 1.2	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 21, Issue:17	Synthesis, pH-dependent, and plasma stability of meropenem prodrugs for potential use against drug-resistant tuberculosis.
AID562741	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DH5[alpha] by agar dilution method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Oct, Volume: 53, Issue:10	New variant of CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, CTX-M-71, with a Gly238Cys substitution in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Bulgaria.
AID557523	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3009 PBP3	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557497	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 1076 PBP2X	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557522	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 3665 PBP3	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID557489	Displacement of Biocillin FL from Streptococcus pneumoniae 1077 PBP1B	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID423246	Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 isolated from respiratory tract infected patients within 2 years of age after 20 to 24 hrs by broth microdilution method	2007	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12	National and regional assessment of antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens identified in a 2005-2006 U.S. Faropenem surveillance study.
AID1732796	Drug metabolism assessed as OXA10 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 16 hrs by 1H-NMR base	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1171217	Antibacterial activity against wild-type Pseudomonas aeruginosa	2014	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-11, Volume: 57, Issue:23	Trends and exceptions of physical properties on antibacterial activity for Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.
AID1732790	Substrate activity at VIM-2 (unknown origin) assessed as compound hydrolysis by measuring Kcat/Km by kinetic based analysis	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1732807	Drug metabolism assessed as VIM-1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR base	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1732797	Drug metabolism assessed as OXA-23 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (R)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 2 mM incubated for 15 mins by 1H-NMR ba	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID1732809	Drug metabolism assessed as NDM-1 (unknown origin)-mediated compound hydrolysis by measuring (S)-2-((1S,2R)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid formation at 5 mM incubated for 5 mins by 1H-NMR base	2021	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-05, Volume: 215	Faropenem reacts with serine and metallo-β-lactamases to give multiple products.
AID557272	Antimicrobial activity against penicillin-intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae 3676 by CLSI method	2009	Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, May, Volume: 53, Issue:5	Binding of faropenem and other beta-lactam agents to penicillin-binding proteins of pneumococci with various beta-lactam susceptibilities.
AID69659	Minimum inhibitory concentration was determined in heart infusion agar medium against Escherichia coli NIHJ JC-2	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-04, Volume: 40, Issue:14	5,6-Cis-penems: broad-spectrum anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactam antibiotics.
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	13 (9.56)	18.2507
2000's	68 (50.00)	29.6817
2010's	37 (27.21)	24.3611
2020's	18 (13.24)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	13 (9.29%)	5.53%
Reviews	9 (6.43%)	6.00%
Case Studies	11 (7.86%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	107 (76.43%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
beta-alanine [no description available]	2.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2	1	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	2	1	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.04	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	2.07	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.04	1	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2	1	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	2	1	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	2	1	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
cefuroxime Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.	4.88	4	2	carbamate ester; cephalosporin
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.72	3	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients.	3.51	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenazines	dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.	2.42	2	0	carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	3.69	2	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	3.39	1	1	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
nalidixic acid [no description available]	2.44	2	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.43	2	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	4.32	4	1	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	3.39	1	1	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	3.51	1	0	chromones
sulfacetamide Sulfacetamide: An anti-bacterial agent that is used topically to treat skin infections and orally for urinary tract infections.. sulfacetamide : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide acylated on the sulfonamide nitrogen.	2.07	1	0	N-sulfonylcarboxamide; substituted aniline	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor
sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position.	2.01	1	0	isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes.	2.05	1	0	N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.01	1	0	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	2.46	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	3.73	10	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.07	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	2.74	3	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2	1	0	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	2.04	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cloxacillin Cloxacillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic that is a chlorinated derivative of OXACILLIN.. cloxacillin : A semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic carrying a 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamido group at position 6.	2.46	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	2.46	2	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	3.51	1	0	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.95	4	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.04	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
acriflavine chloride 3,6-diamino-10-methylacridinium chloride : The 10-methochloride salt of 3,6-diaminoacridine. Note that a mixture of this compound with 3,6-diaminoacridine (proflavine) is known as acriflavine or neutral acriflavine.	2.07	1	0	organic chloride salt	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; carcinogenic agent; histological dye; intercalator
proflavine Proflavine: Topical antiseptic used mainly in wound dressings.. 3,6-diaminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine that is substituted by amino groups at positions 3 and 6. A slow-acting bacteriostat that is effective against many Gram-positive bacteria (but ineffective against spores), its salts were formerly used for treatment of burns and infected wounds.	2.07	1	0	aminoacridines	antibacterial agent; antiseptic drug; carcinogenic agent; chromophore; intercalator
nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group.	2.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.01	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	3.99	1	1	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ethidium bromide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	organic bromide salt	geroprotector; intercalator; trypanocidal drug
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.02	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	2.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.04	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2	1	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.07	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	5.02	9	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
amdinocillin Amdinocillin: An amidinopenicillanic acid derivative with broad spectrum antibacterial action.. mecillinam : A penicillin in which the 6beta substituent is [(azepan-1-yl)methylidene]amino; an extended-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that binds specifically to penicillin binding protein 2 (PBP2), and is only considered to be active against Gram-negative bacteria.	2.49	2	0	penicillin	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent
ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.	2.48	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	2.47	2	0	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
sulbenicillin Sulbenicillin: Semisynthetic penicillin-type antibiotic.. sulbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-[phenyl(sulfo)acetamido] side-chain.	2.07	1	0	penicillin
cefmetazole Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.	2.44	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.74	3	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	2.44	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.01	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	2.71	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
sparfloxacin [no description available]	2.01	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone
d-lactic acid (R)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (R)-configuration.	2	1	0	2-hydroxypropanoic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
cefprozil [no description available]	2.05	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	4.16	16	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
ritipenem ritipenem: carbapenem antibiotic; structure given in first source	2	1	0
flomoxef flomoxef: structure given in first source; RN given refers to sodium salt. flomoxef : A second-generation oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted at C-3 with a hydroxyethyl-substituted tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries 7alpha-methoxy and 7beta-{2-[(difluoromethyl)thiomethyl]acetamido} substituents.	2.01	1	0	N-acyl-amino acid; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
ljc 10627 biapenem: structure given in first source. biapenem : A carbapenem antibiotic in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and pyrazolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolium-6-ylthio substituents respectively.	4.31	5	0	carbapenems; organic sulfide; pyrazolotriazole	antibacterial drug
sanfetrinem sanfetrinem: orally absorbed hexetil ester of GV-104326	2.05	1	0
penicillin n penicillin N: RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6beta(S*)))-isomer; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #6887	2.07	1	0	penicillin
panipenem panipenem: synthetic cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	organic molecular entity
5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline 5-nitro-1,10-phenanthroline: structure in first source	3.51	1	0
doripenem Doripenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of infections such as HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA, and complicated intra-abdominal or urinary-tract infections, including PYELONEPHRITIS.	3	4	0	carbapenems
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	4.91	8	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
firefly luciferin Firefly Luciferin: A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).. Photinus luciferin : A 1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid consisting of 3,5-dihydrothiophene-4-carboxylic acid having a 6-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl group at the 2-position.	2	1	0	1,3-thiazolemonocarboxylic acid; benzothiazoles; imidothioate	luciferin
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	2.15	1	0
glycylsarcosine glycylsarcosine : A dipeptide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of glycine with the amino group of sarcosine.	2	1	0	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	4.17	16	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
l-lactic acid (S)-lactic acid : An optically active form of lactic acid having (S)-configuration.	2	1	0	(2S)-2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; 2-hydroxypropanoic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
florfenicol florfenicol: structure given in first source. florfenicol : A carboxamide that is the N-dichloroacetyl derivative of (1R,2S)-2-amino-3-fluoro-1-[4-(methanesulfonyl)phenyl]propan-1-ol. A synthetic veterinary antibiotic that is used for treatment of bovine respiratory disease and foot rot; also used in aquaculture.	2.07	1	0	organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary alcohol; secondary carboxamide; sulfone	antimicrobial agent
panipenem-betamipron panipenem-betamipron: useful perenteral antibiotic against respiratory tract infections; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
garenoxacin garenoxacin: a des-fluoro(6) quinolone with antibacterial activity. garenoxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a cyclopropyl group at position 1, an oxo group at position 4, a (1R)-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yl group at position 7, and a difluoromethoxy group at position 8.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; isoindoles; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
methotrexate [no description available]	2.43	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
sulbactam [no description available]	2.01	1	0	penicillanic acids
carbapenems [no description available]	4.02	13	0
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	13.91	113	12	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	4.67	6	1	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ertapenem Ertapenem: A carbapenem derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections including intra-abdominal infections, acute gynecological infections, complicated urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is also used to prevent infection in colorectal surgery.. ertapenem : Meropenem in which the one of the two methyl groups attached to the amide nitrogen is replaced by hydrogen while the other is replaced by a 3-carboxyphenyl group. The sodium salt is used for the treatment of moderate to severe susceptible infections including intra-abdominal and acute gynaecological infections, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and of the urinary tract.	3.04	4	0	carbapenemcarboxylic acid; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial drug
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.58	2	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
temocillin temocillin: beta-lactam antibiotic with unusual spectrum of antibacterial activity & exceptional stability to bacterial beta-lactamases; RN given refers to di-Na salt (2S-(2alpha,5alpha,6alpha))-isomer; structure in first source. temocillin : A penicillin compound having a 6alpha-methoxy and 6beta-[2-carboxy(thiophen-3-yl)acetamido side-groups.	2.79	3	0	penicillin
iclaprim iclaprim: has antiviral activity. iclaprim : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-iclaprim. Both enantiomers exhibit similar, potent bactericidal activity against major Gram-positive pathogens, notably methicillin-sensitive and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA, respectively).. 5-[(2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl)methyl]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine : An aminopyrimidine that is 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a 2-cyclopropyl-7,8-dimethoxy-2H-chromen-5-yl group.	2.05	1	0	aminopyrimidine; chromenes; cyclopropanes
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination: A drug combination with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It is effective in the treatment of many infections, including PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS.. co-trimoxazole : A two-component mixture comprising trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.	2.48	2	0
nu 6027 [no description available]	3.51	1	0
carnosine polaprezinc: stimulates bone growth	2.01	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; dipeptide	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Daphnia magna metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	2	1	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	5.12	13	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	2.74	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
moxalactam disodium [no description available]	2.07	1	0
linezolid [no description available]	4.38	5	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
temocaprilat temocaprilat: the diacid of temocapril; active metabolite of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (CS-622); RN refers to (2S-(2alpha,6beta(R*))) isomer; structure in first source	2.01	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	2	1	0	tripeptide
temocapril [no description available]	2.01	1	0	dipeptide
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	2	1	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.44	2	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups.	2.07	1	0	cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
u 100480 U 100480: structure given in first source	3.51	1	0
cefpiramide cefpiramide: antipseudomonal cephalosporin derivative. cefpiramide : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (R)-2-{[(4-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)carbonyl]amino}-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity.	2.1	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
mezlocillin Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	2.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cefsulodin Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients.. cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic.	2.07	1	0	cephalosporin; organosulfonic acid; primary carboxamide	antibacterial drug
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	3.51	1	0	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
hmr 3647 [no description available]	2.44	2	0
telavancin telavancin: an anti-infective agent; structure in first source. telavancin : A glycopeptide that is vancomycin substituted at position N-3'' by a 2-(decylamino)ethyl group and at position C-29 by a (phosphonomethyl)aminomethyl group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of adults with complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by bacteria.	2.05	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
sq 109 N-geranyl-N'-(2-adamantyl)ethane-1,2-diamine: has antitubercular activity	3.51	1	0
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	2.03	1	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
7432 s Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.	2.44	2	0	cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid	antibacterial drug
s 1108 S 1108: structure given in first source; an oral cephem antibiotic and prodrug of S-1006	2	1	0
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	2.05	1	0	carbacephem; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
cefixime [no description available]	2.01	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.01	1	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
bedaquiline bedaquiline: a diarylquinoline Antitubercular Agent. bedaquiline : A quinoline-based antimycobacterial drug used (as its fumarate salt) for the treatment of pulmonary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis by inhibition of ATP synthase, an enzyme essential for the replication of the mycobacteria.	3.51	1	0	aromatic ether; naphthalenes; organobromine compound; quinolines; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antitubercular agent; ATP synthase inhibitor
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	2.01	1	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	2.02	1	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.	2.01	1	0	dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
cefuroxime [no description available]	3.3	6	0	3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether	drug allergen
ceftriaxone [no description available]	2.74	3	0	1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	3.14	5	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug
hr 810 cefpirome: structure in first source. cefpirome : A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having 6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[b]pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.07	1	0	cephalosporin; cyclopentapyridine
ceftazidime [no description available]	2.98	4	0	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	3.43	7	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
aztreonam [no description available]	2.74	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
cci 15641 [no description available]	2.04	1	0	cephalosporin
cefpodoxime [no description available]	2.05	1	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
s 1006 S 1006: structure given in first source. cefcapene : A cephalosporin compound having (carbamoyloxy)methyl and N-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)pent-2-enoyl]amino side-groups. It is used (generally as the corresponnding pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug) as an oral antibacterial.	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; enamide; secondary carboxamide	antibacterial drug
nitrocefin nitrocefin: chromogenic cephalosporin used for detection of beta-lactamase activity; Cefinase is name for nitrocefin on paper disc; RN given refers to (6R-(3(E),6 alpha,7 beta))-isomer; structure for mono-Na salt in second source	2.05	1	0
brl 28500 ticarcillin-clavulanic acid: combination of ticarcillin and clavulanic acid; used against gram-negative rods	2.15	1	0
cefditoren pivoxil [no description available]	2.05	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephams; oxime O-ether; pivaloyloxymethyl ester	antibacterial drug; prodrug
azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae.	2.07	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
ceftizoxime [no description available]	2.01	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	2	1	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
cefdinir [no description available]	2.95	4	0	cephalosporin; ketoxime	antibacterial drug
sitafloxacin sitafloxacin: structure in first source	3.23	1	0
cefoselis cefoselis: structure given in first source. cefoselis : A cephalosporin compound having [2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-imino-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively. A 4th generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin.	2.01	1	0
tebipenem tebipenem: an oral carbapenem antibiotic, against penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae; structure in first source	2.99	4	0
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	6.2	3	2
avibactam avibactam : A member of the class of azabicycloalkanes that is (2S,5R)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxamide in which the amino hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a sulfooxy group. Used (in the form of its sodium salt) in combination with ceftazidime pentahydrate for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections including pyelonephritis.	2.6	1	0	azabicycloalkane; hydroxylamine O-sulfonic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; ureas	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor
cefditoren cefditoren: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (6R-(3(Z),6alpha,7beta(Z)))-isomer. cefditoren : A broad spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with (Z)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ethenyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. Generally administered as its orally absorbed pivaloyloxymethyl ester prodrug, it is used for the treatment of mild to moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of microorganisms in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections.	3.25	6	0	carboxylic acid; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
rwj 54428 RWJ 54428: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
l 084 L 084: an oral carbapenem with a 1-(1,3-thiazolin-2-yl)azetidin-3-ylthio group at the C-2 position; structure in first source	2.43	2	0	carbapenems; pivaloyloxymethyl ester
cp 70429 sulopenem: a penem antibiotic	2.6	1	0
cefdinir Cefdinir: A third-generation oral cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin.. cefdinir : A cephalosporin compound having 7beta-2-(2-amino-thiazol-4-yl)-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-acetylamino- and 3-vinyl side groups.	2.91	4	0
azamulin azamulin: a Cyp3A inhibitor; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
oritavancin oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.	2.05	1	0	disaccharide derivative; glycopeptide; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
sy 5555 SUN 5555: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
taurocholic acid, monosodium salt [no description available]	2	1	0	bile salt
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	2.02	1	0
btz 043 [no description available]	3.51	1	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.02	1	0
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.07	1	0
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	4.1	3	1
pbtz169 macozinone: an antitubercular agent; structure in first source	3.51	1	0
ceritinib ceritinib: an anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor. ceritinib : A member of the class of aminopyrimidines that is 2,6-diamino-5-chloropyrimidine in which the amino groups at positions 2 and 6 are respectively carrying 2-methoxy-4-(piperidin-4-yl)-5-methylphenyl and 2-(isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl substituents. Used for the treatment of ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.	3.51	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; piperidines; secondary amino compound; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
cefuroxime axetil [no description available]	4.37	2	2
4,6-dichloro-n-(4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl)-1h-indole-2-carboxamide 4,6-dichloro-N-(4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide: structure in first source	3.51	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.13	1	0
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	6.38	4	2	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
ceftobiprole ceftobiprole: BAL5788 is Ceftobiprole medocaril sodium. ceftobiprole : A fifth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having (E)-[(3'R)-2-oxo[1,3'-bipyrrolidin]-3-ylidene]methyl and [(2Z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)-2-(hydroxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively; developed for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).	2.45	2	0	cephalosporin; thiadiazoles	antimicrobial agent
prodigiosin Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.	2.1	1	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	8.35	15	3
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	5	9	1
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	1	10.35	15	3
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	5	9	1
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	0	4.65	6	1
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	4.65	6	1
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant [description not available]	0	2.83	3	0
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.	0	2.83	3	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	2.52	2	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	2.25	1	0
Koch's Disease [description not available]	0	4.22	5	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	1	6.22	5	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	0	3.99	1	1
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	1	5.99	1	1
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	2.59	2	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	2.59	2	0
Actinomycetales Infections Infections with bacteria of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.	0	2.25	1	0
Aneurysm, Bacterial [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Aneurysm, Aortic [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	0	5.61	3	2
Aortic Aneurysm An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.	0	3.17	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	0	5.61	3	2
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	0	2.82	3	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	0	2.82	3	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.97	4	0
Actinomycetoma [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Mycetoma A chronic progressive subcutaneous infection caused by species of fungi (eumycetoma), or actinomycetes (actinomycetoma). It is characterized by tumefaction, abscesses, and tumor-like granules representing microcolonies of pathogens, such as MADURELLA fungi and bacteria ACTINOMYCETES, with different grain colors.	0	2.17	1	0
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	0	4.69	3	2
Acute Generalised Exanthematous Pustulosis [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	4.74	2	1
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	0	3.04	1	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	4.74	2	1
Anti-MuSK Myasthenia Gravis [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Atypical Mycobacterial Infection, Disseminated [description not available]	0	2.96	4	0
Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Cancer of the Thymus [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Myasthenia Gravis A disorder of neuromuscular transmission characterized by fatigable weakness of cranial and skeletal muscles with elevated titers of ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS or muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations may include ocular muscle weakness (fluctuating, asymmetric, external ophthalmoplegia; diplopia; ptosis; and weakness of eye closure) and extraocular fatigable weakness of facial, bulbar, respiratory, and proximal limb muscles. The disease may remain limited to the ocular muscles (ocular myasthenia). THYMOMA is commonly associated with this condition.	0	2.13	1	0
Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.13	1	0
Thymus Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.	0	2.13	1	0
Infection [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	2.15	1	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	2.15	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	6.15	6	2
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	0	2.71	3	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	0	4.32	4	1
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Skin Diseases, Viral Skin diseases caused by viruses.	0	2.05	1	0
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	0	2.93	4	0
Anasarca [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	2.05	1	0
Bacillus anthracis Infection [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Anthrax An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.	0	2.05	1	0
Acne [description not available]	0	3.45	1	1
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	0	3.45	1	1
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	0	2.06	1	0
Bites [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Bacteroidaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family BACTEROIDACEAE.	0	2.01	1	0
Mouth Diseases Diseases involving the MOUTH.	0	2.01	1	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	0	3.79	2	1
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Fusobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus FUSOBACTERIUM.	0	2.01	1	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	2.01	1	0
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	3.79	2	1
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	2.01	1	0
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.	0	3.39	1	1
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	0	3.39	1	1
Parodontosis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	0	2.01	1	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	2	1	0
Haemophilus Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS.	0	2.42	2	0
Sinusitis, Maxillary [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Maxillary Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in the MAXILLARY SINUS. In many cases, it is caused by an infection of the bacteria HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE; or STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.	0	3.4	1	1
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	0	2.01	1	0
Cerebral Nocardiosis [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.	0	2.02	1	0
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	0	2.02	1	0
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Gonorrhea Acute infectious disease characterized by primary invasion of the urogenital tract. The etiologic agent, NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE, was isolated by Neisser in 1879.	0	2.02	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	2.03	1	0
Sinus Infections [description not available]	0	4.74	2	1
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	0	4.74	2	1
Middle Ear Effusion [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Otitis Media with Effusion Inflammation of the middle ear with a clear pale yellow-colored transudate.	0	2.03	1	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	3.38	1	1
Adnexitis Inflammation of the uterine appendages (ADNEXA UTERI) including infection of the FALLOPIAN TUBES (SALPINGITIS), the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), or the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS).	0	3.38	1	1
Cervicitis [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Endometrial Diseases [description not available]	0	3.38	1	1
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease A spectrum of inflammation involving the female upper genital tract and the supporting tissues. It is usually caused by an ascending infection of organisms from the endocervix. Infection may be confined to the uterus (ENDOMETRITIS), the FALLOPIAN TUBES; (SALPINGITIS); the ovaries (OOPHORITIS), the supporting ligaments (PARAMETRITIS), or may involve several of the above uterine appendages. Such inflammation can lead to functional impairment and infertility.	0	3.38	1	1
Uterine Cervicitis Inflammation of the UTERINE CERVIX.	0	3.38	1	1
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	0	3.38	1	1
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	0	3.38	1	1
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.	0	3.38	1	1
Pneumonia, Pneumococcal A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	0	2	1	0
Arthritides, Bacterial [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Pus [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	2	1	0
Bone Diseases, Infectious Bone diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.	0	2	1	0
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	0	2	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	0	2.01	1	0

fropenem

Cross-References

Synonyms (48)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (5)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (245)

Research

Studies (136)

Study Types

fropenem

Cross-References

Synonyms (48)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (5)

Potency Measurements

Bioassays (245)

Research

Studies (136)

Study Types

Related Drugs (168)

Related Conditions (115)