limestone profile

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of the mineral calcite. It is formed over millions of years through the accumulation and cementation of the shells and skeletons of marine organisms such as coral, foraminifera, and mollusks. Limestone is a widespread and abundant rock type, found in various geological formations around the world. It is a key ingredient in the production of cement, concrete, and other building materials. Limestone is also used in agriculture as a soil amendment to neutralize acidity and improve fertility. Additionally, it plays a crucial role in the carbon cycle as a significant reservoir of carbon. The study of limestone is important for understanding the Earth's history, climate change, and the formation of various geological formations. Limestone deposits are also valuable resources for mining and quarrying operations.'

Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Products

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	10112
CHEMBL ID	1200539
CHEBI ID	3311
SCHEMBL ID	3261
MeSH ID	M0003160

Synonym
carbonic acid calcium salt (1:1)
CHEBI:3311 ,
calcium carbonate (1:1)
calcium trioxidocarbonate
kohlensaurer kalk
caco3
e 170
carbonato de calcio
kalziumkarbonat
carbonate de calcium
calciumcarbonat
limestone
marble dust
marble
domolite
chalk
ground limestone
crystic prefil s
atomite
calopake f
caltec
durcal c 640305
hakuenka o
calopake pc
micromya
caswell no. 139
calcene co
caltrate
ks 1500
t 130-2500
calcilit 8
neoanticid
duramite
microwhite 25
calcene tm
p-lite 500
brt 1500
camel-carb
calcium carbonate, precipitated
chemcarb
msk-po
neolite f
britomya m
cal-sup
calcene nc
ks 500
ax 363
calofil b 1
calofort t
tums
gilder's whiting
ccris 1333
brilliant 15
ns 2500
ci 77220
ks 1800
hydrocarb 65
aeromatt
calofort u
calcilit 100
eskalon 400
kredafil rm 5
marblewhite 325
durcal 2nh
carbium mm
ks 1300
brilliant br 15
bs 32
hakuenka r 06
c.i. 77220
durcal 40
akadama
carborex 2
kredafil 150 extra
cal-light sa
ncc 45
albaglos sf
marble white
ns 100
hakuenka cc
calofil a 4
homocal d
eskalon 100
carbital 90
calopake high opacity
p-lite 700
durcal 10
dacote
calmote
multifex mm
micromic cr 16
camel-tex
atomit
multiflex mm
neolite tps
hydrocarb 60
non-fer-al
mylanta soothing lozenges
calcidar 40
ncc-p
calcium monocarbonate
tylenol headache plus
calofort s
clefnon
calofor u 50
eskalon 800
msk-k
n 34
albaglos
hakuenka dd
msk-p
epa pesticide chemical code 073502
microcarb
calseeds
eskalon 1500
r jutan
precipitated chalk
calopake fs
ns 200
c 50 (carbonate)
albacar 5970
egri m 5
calofil e 2
k 250
calcium carbonate slurry
msk-g
mc-t
hakuenka pz
carbonic acid, calcium salt (1:1)
ccc g-white
ks 2100
calopake h
calcicoll
finncarb 6002
neolite sp
multiflex sc
eskalon 200
hakuenka t-dd
ccc no.aa oolitic
calibrite
msk-v
bf 200
monocalcium carbonate
marfil
hakuenka px
kulu 40
n 43
calwhite
camel-wite
kotamite
ns 400
filtex white base
carbium
britomya s
garolite sa
albafil
albacar
levigated chalk
carusis p
brilliant 1500
einecs 207-439-9
hsdb 927
hydrocarb
msk-c
calmos
allied whiting
di-gel tablets
hakuenka ccr
brt 30
C08129
calcium carbonate
471-34-1
precipitated calcium carbonate
calcium carbonate, bioxtra, >=99.0%
calcium carbonate, bioreagent, suitable for insect cell culture, >=99.0%
calcium carbonate, 99.999% trace metals basis
cal-sup (tn)
calcium carbonate, precipitated (jan)
calcium carbonate (usp)
D00932
precipitated calcium carbonate (jp17)
calcium carbonate, powder, <=30 mum particle size, 98%
calcium carbonate, acs reagent, chelometric standard, 99.95-100.05% dry basis
calcium carbonate, >=99.995% trace metals basis
calcite
aragonite
carbonate, calcium
calcium carbonate, puriss. p.a., >=99%
calcium carbonate, bioultra, precipitated, >=99.0% (kt)
e-170(i)
e170
calcii carbonas
calcium (as carbonate)
ins no.170(i)
calcite (ca(co3))
chalk, precipitated
ndi 443
precpitated calcium carbonate
calcium (as calcium carbonate)
CHEMBL1200539
ins-170(i)
glauberitum
limestone, ground
phx cal-carb buffer
calcitum
han shui shi
1317-65-3
13397-26-7
calcium carbonate [usp]
ec 207-439-9
unii-h0g9379fgk
oyster shell
acid controller complete
children's mylanta upset stomach relief
slaker rejects
h0g9379fgk ,
FT-0623383
vaterite (ca(co3))
13701-58-1
chalk [who-dd]
calcium carbonate [ii]
pepcid complete component calcium carbonate
calcium carbonate [usp monograph]
calcium carbonate [who-dd]
ci 77220 [inci]
calcium carbonate [who-ip]
calcium carbonate [ep monograph]
ndi 443 [fdms]
calcium carbonate [hsdb]
chalk [inci]
calcium carbonate [inci]
calcium carbonate component of pepcid complete
calcium carbonate [mi]
precpitated calcium carbonate [jan]
calcium (as calcium carbonate) [vandf]
calcite [inci]
calcium carbonate [orange book]
calcium (as carbonate) [vandf]
calcium carbonate [vandf]
calcium carbonate dc (spray dried) [ndi]
calcii carbonas [who-ip latin]
limestone, ground [fcc]
calcium carbonate [usp-rs]
calcium carbonate [mart.]
calcium carbonate [fcc]
AKOS015903256
SCHEMBL3261
calcium carbonate, powder a.c.s. reagent
carbonate calcium
VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L
calcium carb onate
calcium(ii) carbonate
calciumcarbonate
mfcd00010906
DTXSID3036238 ,
DB06724
calcium carbonate, chelometric standard
calcium carbonate, anhydrous, free-flowing, redi-dri(tm), acs reagent, >=99%
calcium carbonate, reagentplus(r)
calcium carbonate; (dolomite, limestone)
marble, cp
calcium carbonate, puriss., meets analytical specification of ph. eur., bp, usp, fcc, e170, precipitated, 98.5-100.5% (based on anhydrous substance)
calcium carbonate (as), united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
calcium carbonate, acs reagent, >=99.0%, powder
calcium carbonate, cp
calcium carbonate, tested according to ph.eur.
calcium carbonate, certified reference material for titrimetry, certified by bam, according to iso 17025, >=99.5%
calcium carbonate, saj first grade, >=98.0%
calcium carbonate, jis special grade, >=99.5%
calcium carbonate, trace metals grade 99.99% trace metals basis
calcium carbonate, primary reference standard, 99.95-100.05%
nbs 18 (carbon isotopes in carbonatite), nist(r) rm 8543
calcium carbonate, ar, >=98.5%
calcium carbonate, nist(r) srm(r) 915b
calcium carbonate, usp, 98.0-100.5%
calcium carbonate, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
calcium carbonate, vetec(tm) reagent grade, 99%
calcium carbonate, lr, >=98.5%
calcium carbonate, p.a., 99.0%, acs reagent
kalk
calcium carbonate, anhydrous, free-flowing, redi-dri(tm), reagentplus(r), >=99%
calcium;carbonate
calcium carbonate nanopowder
calcium carbonate,puratronic powder
carbonate (calcium)
ca (c o3)
calcium carbonate (as)
calcium carbonate, powder
calcium carbonate,(s)
calcium carbonate microparticles
Q23767
calcium carbonate dispersion
calcium carbonate precipitated
copper nickel foil
calcium carbonate (99.999%-ca) puratrem
calcite, naturally occurring mineral, grains, approximately 0.06-0.19in
aramark antacid chewable
ccc no. aa oolitic
rite aid ultra strengthpeppermint flavor
rugbyextra strength assorted berries
meijer lime/berry antacid chews
heb regular strength
cardinal extra strength smooth antacid
rugby extra strength antacid
drx choice antacid calciumregular strength
bi-mart regular strength antacid peppermint
marc glassmanultra strength
tnc-c 60
extra strength sugar free
honest-paste
calcium carbonate 500mg
winnofil spm
sound body calcium antacid
o re ca p
childrens antacid extra strength
antacid extra strength wintergreen
snowflake
publix regular strengthpeppermint flavor
soothechildrens
ca re t heal
eskalon 1000
novelight pp
purecal u
dg health extra strengthassorted fruits antacid
heb antacid extra strengthassorted berry
topcare cherry antacid soft chews
target strawberrylime antacid chews
winco foods antacid ultra strength
tumssmoothies
mckesson antacid calcium carbonate
exchange select antacid
prepared chalk
equate sugar free extra strength antacid
chewable antacid tablets
quality choice assorted berriesextra strength
bio v antacid berry 96ct
carbital 50
calcium carbonate 10 gr (648 mg)
tunex e
rugby calcium carbonate 10 gr
nn 500
whiton 310
target wild berry antacid chews 60ct
good sense antacid soft chew
antacid regular strength
certi-antacid
childrens stomach relief
alka-seltzer heartburn reliefpeppermint
cherry antacid soft chews
calofil b.1
mint antacid 250
kk 13
up and up ultra strength antacid 1000
na 600
inteq b 641
tp 221gs
microna s 80b
crane safety antacid
first aid only antacid
tums chewy bites
ultra strength antacid
alka-seltzer ultra strength heartburn reliefchewsstrawberry and orange
green guard maximum strength stomach relief
razzmatazz antacid
moore medical antacid
calcium carbonate (ii)
eskalon 1700
winnofil sptb
dgh antacid peppermint 500,150ct
snowlite ss
calcium carbonate 10gr (648 mg)
kd 1200
meijer extra strength antacid
rite aid pharmacy ultra strength
cvs wild berry antacid chews
dtxcid1016238
best health berry antacid chews
microna s 90hb
corocalso ws
goodsense regular strength antacid peppermint
calseeds pl
ultra strength antacidassorted berries
leader ultra strength antacid
good neighbor pharmacy antacidregular strength
dgh antacid extra strength 750 wintergreen, 96ct
enifant 15
sst 40
health mart regular strength antacid
calcium carbonate tablet, chewable
publix extra strength
antacidpeppermint flavour regular strength
quality choice ultra strength
meijer regular strength
winco foods antacid
exchange select ultra strength antacid
tama pearl 222h
calcium carbonate10 gr (648 mg)
topcare lime and berry antacid chews
bks 5
walgreens wild berry antacid chews
vigot 10
calcidia
heb ultra strengthassorted fruits
tc max
omya blh
sx 1000
up and up extra strength antacid 750assorted berry
lw 600
xpect antacid
publix extra strengthassorted berry
rite aid ultra strength
equaline antacid
bf 300
topcare extra strength antacid
topcare extra strength antacidextra strength antacid assorted berry
calcium carbonate1250 mg
pv 4 (carbonate)
leader ultra strengthpeppermint flavor
posicarb cp 5p
alka-seltzer ultra strength heartburn reliefchews
quality choice regular strength antacidregular strength antacid
kids tummy relief
antacid extra strength
marc glassmanextra strength
gama-sperse 80
major regular strength
purecal t
tnc-c 120
calcium carbonate 500 mg
calcium carbonate (usp monograph)
kemipuron a
antacid soft chew
rugby cal-gest antacidassorted flavors
kalfain 200
alka-seltzer heartburn relief
calcium carbon
topcare antacid calciumregular strength
dg health ultra strength
goodsense ultra strength antacid peppermint
careone regular strength calcium antacid
lighton 22s
seyip
foster and thrive regular strength antacid
mc 5 (filler)
plus pharmacalcium antacid
newlight f
calofort u 50
nn 200
calcichew
calcitex 902
sunmark regular strength antacid peppermint
opacarb s
equate ultra stregth antacid
mc coat s 1
rapidcare flavored antacid
usepa/opp pesticide code: 073502
premier value smooth antacid extra strength
pv 3 (carbonate)
antacid relief
heb antacid extra strength
dg health extra strengthantacid wintergreen flavor
kroger ultra strength
alka-seltzer cool action heartburn reliefmint
neolite sp-b
hakuenka a
tama pearl fcc
heb antacid calcium
rite aid pharmacy extra strength
viscolite u
flavor chews
camelcarb
quality choice antacid
tumeez variety pack
cvsextra strength smooth
bi-mart ultra strength antacid peppermint
cvs pharmacy,inc.assorted berry
kd 80
meijer extra strength smooth antacidassorted fruits
n 34 (carbonate)
calcium carbonate (ep monograph)
goodsense extra strength antacid
antacid extra strengthwintergreen
mc 5
tama pearl tp-cnc
extra strength sugar freeorange cream flavor
uline antacid
qc regular strength
camelwite
tp-cpc
whiton p 40
premier value extra strength chewable antacid
hhqb 0401
super ss
meijer extra strength antacidassorted berries
n 43 (carbonate)
microna s 93
qc antacid calcium
tama pearl tp 222hs
inducarb 500
foster and thrive extra strength sugar free antacid orange

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Limestone hills are an unusual habitat for primates, prompting them to evolve specific behavioral adaptations to the component karst habitat. "	( Dietary adaptations of Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis) in limestone forests in Southwest China. Huang, C; Huang, L; Huang, Z; Ma, G; Tang, C; Tang, H; Zhou, Q, 2015)	2.1
"Limestone forests are an unusual habitat for primates, but little information is available for the genus Macaca in such habitats, making a comparative understanding of extant limestone primates' behavioral adaptation incomplete. "	( Forest seasonality shapes diet of limestone-living rhesus macaques at Nonggang, China. Huang, L; Huang, Z; Krzton, A; Lu, C; Tang, C; Zhou, Q, 2016)	2.16
"Limestone processing is a global industry, but few studies have assessed respiratory health among limestone workers. "	( Chronic respiratory symptoms among workers at a limestone factory in Zambia. Bråtveit, M; Bwalya, D; Moen, BE, 2011)	2.07

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Limestone has been proven effective in removing metals from water and wastewater. "	( Physico-chemical removal of iron from semi-aerobic landfill leachate by limestone filter. Adlan, MN; Adnan, NH; Alias, S; Aziz, HA; Yusoff, MS, 2004)	2
"Limestone and marble have been used extensively in the construction of modern and historic buildings. "	( Measurement of limestone biodeterioration using the Ca2+ binding fluorochrome Rhod-5N. Bearce, K; Hernandez-Duque, G; McNamara, CJ; Mitchell, R; Perry, TD, 2005)	2.12
"Limestone has potential for reducing reagent costs and sludge volume associated with treatment of acid mine drainage, but its use is restricted by slow dissolution rates and the deposition of Fe, Al and Mn-based hydrolysis products on reactive surfaces. "	( Effect of temperature, hydraulic residence time and elevated PCO2 on acid neutralization within a pulsed limestone bed reactor. Lee, PC; Sibrell, PL; Timmons, MB; Watten, BJ, 2007)	2

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Limestone pretreatment and lime neutralization-coagulation were used to solve the problem in multistage Fenton process."	( Highly efficient treatment of real benzene dye intermediate wastewater by simple limestone and lime neutralization-coagulation with improved Fenton oxidation. Chang, S; Chen, H; Fang, Y; Guo, Y; Pang, H; Wang, H; Wang, N; Xue, Q; Yuan, F; Zhang, H, 2018)	1.43
"The limestone treatments had limited impact on pH, only increasing pH as high as 3.3, and armoring by iron was evident in the field trial."	( Application of encapsulation (pH-sensitive polymer and phosphate buffer macrocapsules): a novel approach to remediation of acidic ground water. Aelion, CM; Amidon, MB; Davis, HT; Flora, JR; Kirtland, BC, 2009)	0.83

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" We concluded that CAA is a safe alternative to calcium carbonate for the control of hyperphosphatemia of uraemic patients for the most efficient phosphorus binding and the lesser absorption of calcium."	( Treatment of uraemic hyperphosphatemia with calcium acetate: a safe alternative to calcium carbonate. Bargagna, R; Biagini, M; Capece, R; Ciaffi, G; Friggi, A; Malaguti, M; Sicoli, R, 1992)	0.28
" Consequently calcium carbonate is safe to use in children with severe chronic renal failure with close biochemical monitoring; the benefits over aluminium phosphate binders far outweigh the risks of hypercalcaemia and ectopic calcification."	( Safety and efficacy of calcium carbonate in children with chronic renal failure. Chantler, C; Clark, AG; Haycock, GB; Oner, A; Rigden, SP; Turner, C; Ward, G, 1989)	0.28
" Results suggested the lipid peroxidative property of the copper salt which was associated with the toxic nature of the heavy metal, although, this effect was not as potent as that of CCl4."	( Potential protective effect of calcium carbonate as liming agent against copper toxicity in the African tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. de Vera, MP; Pocsidio, GN, 1998)	0.3
"Clinical and comparative study of the efficacy and adverse events of Menatetrenone-4."	( Efficacy and safety of Menatetrenone-4 postmenopausal Thai women. Bonjongsat, A; Boonsangsom, P; Bunyaratavej, N; Kittimanon, N; Penkitti, P; Yunoi, S, 2001)	0.31
"In order to assess the effect of calcium on the toxic effects of fluoride, adult female Wistar rats were treated with sodium fluoride (NaF, 500 ppm in drinking water) alone or in combination with calcium carbonate (CaCO3, 50 mg/ kg by oral intubation) daily for 60 days."	( Modulation of fluoride toxicity in rats by calcium carbonate and by withdrawal of fluoride exposure. Ekambaram, P; Paul, V, 2002)	0.31
" No significant side effect was seen during the trial."	( Effect of oral calcitriol pulse therapy on the lipid, calcium, and glucose homeostasis of hemodialysis-patients: its safety in a combination with oral calcium carbonate. Khajehdehi, P; Taheri, S, 2003)	0.32
"Our findings indicate that short-term oral calcitriol pulse therapy in combination with calcium carbonate is safe and beneficial for metabolic abnormalities of HD patients; however, its safety for prolonged therapy is yet to be proved."	( Effect of oral calcitriol pulse therapy on the lipid, calcium, and glucose homeostasis of hemodialysis-patients: its safety in a combination with oral calcium carbonate. Khajehdehi, P; Taheri, S, 2003)	0.32
" The results obtained showed that the materials were not toxic and also promoted cells growth in the sense of biofunctionality."	( In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of biomaterials on human osteoblast cells CRL-1543; hydroxyapatite, natural coral and polyhydroxybutarate. Asiah, AB; Fadilah, AS; Rodiah, MR; Samsudin, AR; Shamsuria, O; Suzina, AH, 2004)	0.32
" Safety was monitored based on adverse events recorded during the treatment period and on the results of laboratory tests, including measurement of creatinine and uric acid levels."	( Clinical and laboratory safety of one year's use of a combination calcium + vitamin D tablet in ambulatory elderly women with vitamin D insufficiency: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Brazier, M; Fardellone, P; Grados, F; Kamel, S; Maamer, M; Mathieu, M; Morel, A; Sebert, JL, 2005)	0.33
" Treatment-related adverse events were reported in 21 (22."	( Clinical and laboratory safety of one year's use of a combination calcium + vitamin D tablet in ambulatory elderly women with vitamin D insufficiency: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Brazier, M; Fardellone, P; Grados, F; Kamel, S; Maamer, M; Mathieu, M; Morel, A; Sebert, JL, 2005)	0.33
" Lactobacillus LB was well tolerated, with only one patient experiencing an adverse effect."	( Effectiveness and safety of Lactobacillus LB in the treatment of mild acute diarrhea in children. Caciano, MI; Chauviere, G; Colin, P; Figueroa-Quintanilla, D; Reto-Valiente, V; Salazar-Lindo, E, 2007)	0.34
"Lactobacillus LB is an effective and safe treatment for children with well-established diarrhea (>24 h)."	( Effectiveness and safety of Lactobacillus LB in the treatment of mild acute diarrhea in children. Caciano, MI; Chauviere, G; Colin, P; Figueroa-Quintanilla, D; Reto-Valiente, V; Salazar-Lindo, E, 2007)	0.34
" No severe adverse event related to these medications occurred throughout the study."	( The efficacy and safety of calcitriol and/or Caltrate D in elderly Chinese women with low bone mass. Hu, YY; Jiang, Y; Liu, JL; Meng, XW; Tian, JP; Wang, HF; Wang, LH; Weng, SF; Xia, WB; Xing, XP; Xu, T; Yu, W; Zhang, Y; Zhang, ZL; Zhu, GY, 2009)	0.35
" Consistent with the known solubility properties of the metal, Cu was significantly more toxic to cells maintained under low (48 mg l(-1)) compared with high (243 mg l(-1)) total alkaliniity conditions."	( Copper sulfate toxicity to two isolates of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis relative to alkalinity. Clark, TG; Hossain, MM; Straus, DL, 2009)	0.35
" We concluded that prefilled-syringe method is ease and safe way to administer Busulfex on scheduled time."	( [Development of new mixing method of Busulfex injection for the purpose of improvement of medical safety method: the prefilled syringe method]. Dan, K; Dobashi, A; Dobashi, Y; Hamada, M; Katayama, S; Senoo, M; Shimizu, H; Tajika, K, 2009)	0.35
"The goal of this observational retrospective study was to evaluate various donor and procedural variables as potential risk factors for different types of moderate to severe adverse events (AEs) during apheresis collections."	( Moderate and severe adverse events associated with apheresis donations: incidences and risk factors. Goldfinger, D; Lu, Q; Smeltzer, B; Yuan, S; Ziman, A, 2010)	0.36
"Apheresis collections performed by TA instruments are safe with a low incidence of significant AEs."	( Moderate and severe adverse events associated with apheresis donations: incidences and risk factors. Goldfinger, D; Lu, Q; Smeltzer, B; Yuan, S; Ziman, A, 2010)	0.36
" The present study was designed to find a Ca supplementation with no adverse effect, by testing several doses and types of Ca salts."	( Calcium carbonate suppresses haem toxicity markers without calcium phosphate side effects on colon carcinogenesis. Allam, O; Bahuaud, D; Corpet, DE; Naud, N; Pierre, FH; Taché, S, 2011)	0.37
" We therefore compared the toxic effects of classroom, outdoor, and residential PM(10)."	( Toxicity and elemental composition of particulate matter from outdoor and indoor air of elementary schools in Munich, Germany. Behrendt, H; Buters, JT; Dietrich, S; Fromme, H; Jörres, RA; Nowak, D; Oeder, S; Pusch, G; Schierl, R; Schober, W; Weichenmeier, I, 2012)	0.38
"To evaluate the potential for acute cardiopulmonary adverse effects of Accusol 35 containing exaggerated calcium carbonate particles."	( A comparison of the potential for acute cardiopulmonary adverse effects in dogs during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration with accusol 35 solution with and without induced calcium carbonate particles. Brooks, BD; Daller, JR; Gass, JH; McKee, JS; Moreaux, B; Mussi, P; Pantaleone, DP; Safron, J; Zieske, PA, 2013)	0.39
"Accusol 35 containing visible and subvisible particles (≥10 µm) 36 times higher than the maximum concentration specified in the European Pharmacopoeia resulted in no acute cardiopulmonary adverse effects compared with Accusol 35 containing no visible particles and subvisible particles within European Pharmacopoeia specification."	( A comparison of the potential for acute cardiopulmonary adverse effects in dogs during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration with accusol 35 solution with and without induced calcium carbonate particles. Brooks, BD; Daller, JR; Gass, JH; McKee, JS; Moreaux, B; Mussi, P; Pantaleone, DP; Safron, J; Zieske, PA, 2013)	0.39
" However, the NOAEL might be higher than 1000 mg kg(-1) day(-1) because there were no adverse effects revealed by consistent pathological findings or biochemical parameter changes."	( Physicochemical analysis and repeated-dose 90-days oral toxicity study of nanocalcium carbonate in Sprague-Dawley rats. Ahn, KS; Cho, MH; Jeong, MS; Kim, JS; Lee, H; Park, SJ; Ryu, HR; Song, KS; Song, MR; Sung, JH, 2015)	0.42
" Result of the present study found that Cu produced toxic effect to the studied organisms at low concentrations."	( Copper toxicity and the influence of water quality of Dongnai River and Mekong River waters on copper bioavailability and toxicity to three tropical species. Bui, TK; Dao, TS; Do-Hong, LC; Hoang, TC, 2016)	0.43
" Only environmentally safe construction biotechnologies should be used for such environmental and geotechnical engineering works as control of the seepage in dams, channels, landfills or tunnels, sealing of the channels and the ponds, prevention of soil erosion and soil dust emission, mitigation of soil liquefaction, and immobilization of soil pollutants."	( Environmental safety and biosafety in construction biotechnology. Ivanov, V; Kawasaki, S; Stabnikov, V; Stabnikova, O, 2019)	0.51
" This study: (1) presents results of an investigation into the toxic effects of Pb on bacterial activity and immobilization efficiency within a wide range of Pb concentrations; and (2) identifies controlling biotic and abiotic factors of Pb immobilization by MICP."	( Microbial induced carbonate precipitation for immobilizing Pb contaminants: Toxic effects on bacterial activity and immobilization efficiency. Bi, YZ; Du, YJ; Jiang, NJ; Liu, R, 2019)	0.51
" Furthermore, BM and OS were found to suppress the Cd and Pb uptake by water spinach, keeping them below international standards for safe utilization."	( Application of bovine bone meal and oyster shell meal to heavy metals polluted soil: Vegetable safety and bacterial community. Lai, W; Lu, G; Tao, X; Wang, M; Zhang, B; Zheng, X; Zhou, J; Zou, M, 2023)	0.91
" Visual and histological examinations of the skin in healthy rabbits showed no obvious adverse effects after US-assisted application of the Gf-loaded carriers."	( Cytotoxicity, Dermal Toxicity, and In Vivo Antifungal Effect of Griseofulvin-Loaded Vaterite Carriers Administered via Sonophoresis. Bosak, IA; Bucharskaya, AB; Kozlova, AA; Lengert, EV; Makarkin, MA; Mylnikov, AM; Navolokin, NA; Saveleva, MS; Svenskaya, YI; Terentyuk, GS; Vasilyeva, NV; Verkhovskii, RA, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"This study was conducted to compare pharmacokinetic indices of calcium absorption after a single oral (500 mg calcium) load of Citracal (calcium citrate) and Os-Cal (calcium carbonate)."	( Pharmacokinetics of calcium absorption from two commercial calcium supplements. Haynes, S; Heller, HJ; Pak, CY; Stewart, A, 1999)	0.3
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for oseltamivir and Ro 64-0802."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between the oral anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitor prodrug oseltamivir and antacids. Barrett, J; Dorr, A; Oo, C; Snell, P, 2002)	0.31
"Bioequivalence was achieved for the primary pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and AUC(0, infinity ) of Ro 64-0802 following administration of oseltamivir with either Maalox suspension or Titralac(R) tablets vs administration of oseltamivir alone."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between the oral anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitor prodrug oseltamivir and antacids. Barrett, J; Dorr, A; Oo, C; Snell, P, 2002)	0.31
" There was no pharmacokinetic interaction between oseltamivir with either antacid, demonstrating that the oral absorption of oseltamivir was not impaired in the presence of antacids containing magnesium, aluminium or calcium."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between the oral anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitor prodrug oseltamivir and antacids. Barrett, J; Dorr, A; Oo, C; Snell, P, 2002)	0.31
"There was no significant interaction in healthy volunteers, however, when cystic fibrosis patients were given levofloxacin with 2-h spaced calcium, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) decreased by 19% and time to Cmax increased by 37% (p<0."	( Altered steady state pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin in adult cystic fibrosis patients receiving calcium carbonate. Allen, SE; Amsden, GW; Pai, MP, 2006)	0.33
" Calcium supplementation did not significantly affect nilotinib pharmacokinetic parameters including area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (18."	( Calcium carbonate does not affect nilotinib pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Appleman, LR; Beumer, JH; Christner, SM; Egorin, MJ; Johnson, M; Lin, Y; Miller, BM; Mowrey, E; Stoller, R; Tawbi, HA; Tran, AL, 2013)	0.39
"Three randomized, open-label, two-way crossover pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in healthy subjects."	( Effects of calcium carbonate, sevelamer hydrochloride or pantoprazole on the pharmacokinetics of cinacalcet. Harris, R; Padhi, D; Sullivan, JT, 2014)	0.4
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of cinacalcet were not affected by co-administration of CaCO(3), sevelamer HCl or pantoprazole."	( Effects of calcium carbonate, sevelamer hydrochloride or pantoprazole on the pharmacokinetics of cinacalcet. Harris, R; Padhi, D; Sullivan, JT, 2014)	0.4
" Plasma dolutegravir AUC(0-∞), Cmax , and C24 were reduced by 39%, 37%, and 39%, respectively, when co-administered with calcium carbonate while fasting and were reduced by 54%, 57%, and 56%, respectively, when co-administered with ferrous fumarate while fasting."	( Pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir when administered with mineral supplements in healthy adult subjects. Arya, N; Borland, J; Piscitelli, S; Song, I; Wynne, B, 2015)	0.42
" This report describes 3 studies aimed at assessing the effects of food and calcium carbonate on the pharmacokinetic parameters of lusutrombopag in healthy subjects."	( Effects of Food and Calcium Carbonate on the Pharmacokinetics of Lusutrombopag, a Novel Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist. Fukuhara, T; Kano, T; Katsube, T; Wajima, T, 2019)	0.51
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated from plasma lusutrombopag concentrations."	( Effects of Food and Calcium Carbonate on the Pharmacokinetics of Lusutrombopag, a Novel Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonist. Fukuhara, T; Kano, T; Katsube, T; Wajima, T, 2019)	0.51
"The systemic exposure of esomeprazole after a multiple-dose of AD-206 was similar to that of the conventional esomeprazole in both doses, but the time to reach the peak concentration was faster in AD-206."	( Comparative Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Fixed-Dose Combination of Esomeprazole and Calcium Carbonate (AD-206) to the Conventional Esomeprazole. Bae, S; Jang, IJ; Kwon, J; Lee, S; Lee, SB; Yu, KS, 2021)	0.62

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This investigation was undertaken to determine: (1) the effectiveness of CaCO3 as the sole P binder in combination with low (2."	( The effects of calcium carbonate as the sole phosphate binder in combination with low calcium dialysate and calcitriol therapy in chronic hemodialysis patients. Macon, EJ; Oettinger, CW; Oliver, JC, 1992)	0.28
"The effects of intravenous administration of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol [1 alpha (OH)D3] in combination with CaCO3 and 'low-calcium dialysis' (1."	( Long-term effects of intravenous 1 alpha (OH)D3 combined with CaCO3 and low-calcium dialysis on secondary hyperparathyroidism and biochemical bone markers in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Brandi, L; Daugaard, H; Egsmose, C; Jensen, LT; Nielsen, PK; Olgaard, K, 1996)	0.29
"To more clearly elucidate the conflicting results that have been obtained after oral calcitriol pulse therapy on lipid, glucose, and calcium levels in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and to determine safety of oral calcitriol pulse therapy in a combination with calcium carbonate."	( Effect of oral calcitriol pulse therapy on the lipid, calcium, and glucose homeostasis of hemodialysis-patients: its safety in a combination with oral calcium carbonate. Khajehdehi, P; Taheri, S, 2003)	0.32
"Our findings indicate that short-term oral calcitriol pulse therapy in combination with calcium carbonate is safe and beneficial for metabolic abnormalities of HD patients; however, its safety for prolonged therapy is yet to be proved."	( Effect of oral calcitriol pulse therapy on the lipid, calcium, and glucose homeostasis of hemodialysis-patients: its safety in a combination with oral calcium carbonate. Khajehdehi, P; Taheri, S, 2003)	0.32
" Data assessing its effectiveness and safety in combination with conventional phosphate binders are lacking."	( Efficacy and side-effect profile of sevelamer hydrochloride used in combination with conventional phosphate binders. Bofinger, A; Burke, JR; Campbell, SB; Hawley, CM; Isbel, NM; Johnson, DW; Reiger, K; Sturtevant, JM, 2004)	0.32
"Sevelamer in combination with conventional phosphate binders is effective in lowering serum phosphate and calcium-phosphate product in patients with refractory hyperphosphataemia."	( Efficacy and side-effect profile of sevelamer hydrochloride used in combination with conventional phosphate binders. Bofinger, A; Burke, JR; Campbell, SB; Hawley, CM; Isbel, NM; Johnson, DW; Reiger, K; Sturtevant, JM, 2004)	0.32
"To study the mechanism of ectopic osteogenesis of nacre/Polylactic acid (N/P) artificial bone combined with allogenic osteoblasts, and to explore the possibility as a scaffold material of bone tissue engineering."	( [In vivo ectopic osteogenesis of nacre/polylactic acid artificial bone combined with allogenic osteoblasts]. Chen, J; Jin, D; Tan, X; Tang, H; Yang, C, 2005)	0.33
" Although sevelamer and colestimide are known as similar non-calcium, non-aluminum phosphate binders in hemodialysis patients, there are no studies that compare the effects of the two agents as either a monotherapy or in combination with calcium carbonate (CaCO3)."	( Comparison of sevelamer hydrochloride with colestimide, administered alone or in combination with calcium carbonate, in patients on hemodialysis. Date, T; Funakoshi, S; Hashiguchi, J; Itoh, K; Kono, T; Kubo, H; Masaki, K; Nakano, H; Shigematsu, T; Tanaka, M; Uchino, J, 2008)	0.35
"This short-term study assessed the efficacy and safety of calcium carbonate combined with calcitonin in the treatment of hypercalcemia in hemodialysis patients."	( Effect of calcium carbonate combined with calcitonin on hypercalcemia in hemodialysis patients. Kong, XL; Li, WB; Wang, ZS; Wei, Y, 2014)	0.4
" This paper evaluates the potential of using Class F fly ashes (<20% CaO), in combination with excessive fines from the limestone quarry industry as a fixation reagent."	( Potential of Hazardous Waste Encapsulation in Concrete Compound Combination with Coal Ash and Quarry Fine Additives. Anker, Y; Cohen, H; Font, O; Knop, Y; Lieberman, RN; Mastai, Y; Querol, X, 2015)	0.63
" Laboratory sorption studies were combined with a model of contaminant uptake on the FACT™ for data interpretation."	( Characterization of chlorinated solvent contamination in limestone using innovative FLUTe® technologies in combination with other methods in a line of evidence approach. Binning, PJ; Broholm, MM; Christensen, AG; Fjordbøge, AS; Grosen, B; Janniche, GS; Jørgensen, TH; Keller, C; Kerrn-Jespersen, H; Mosthaf, K; Wealthall, G, 2016)	0.68
"The aims of this study are to find the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in patients with Hemodialysis and identify factors associated with these interactions if present."	( Evaluation of potential drug- drug interactions among Palestinian hemodialysis patients. Abu-Ghazaleh, D; Al-Ramahi, R; Bsharat, A; Raddad, AR; Rashed, AO; Shehab, O; Yasin, E, 2016)	0.43
" Multiple drugs predispose to potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) which may be associated with increased morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay and health-care cost."	( Prevalence and pattern of potential drug-drug interactions among chronic kidney disease patients in south-western Nigeria. Ademola, OA; Akinwumi, AA; Ibiene, EO; Olumuyiwa, JF; Oluwole, BA, )	0.13
"Cadmium (Cd) stress is a serious concern in agricultural soils worldwide whereas little is known about the impact of farmyard manure (FYM) alone or combined with limestone, lignite and biochar on Cd concentrations in plants."	( Farmyard manure alone and combined with immobilizing amendments reduced cadmium accumulation in wheat and rice grains grown in field irrigated with raw effluents. Ali, S; Farooq, M; Khalid, H; Liu, G; Naeem, A; Rehman, MZU; Rizwan, M; Sabir, M; Yousaf, B, 2018)	0.68
" We report a potential drug-drug interaction in 2 female patients both receiving treatment for HIV and cerebral toxoplasmosis: one case between E/C/F/TAF with calcium carbonate and a second case involving leucovorin as calcium salt."	( HIV Viral Rebound Due to a Possible Drug-Drug Interaction between Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide and Calcium-Containing Products: Report of 2 Cases. El-Sayed, D; Kang-Birken, SL; Prichard, J, )	0.13
"To investigate the effect of RUNX2 gene overexpression vector modified exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined with calcium carbonate scaffold system in bone defect."	( [Application of RUNX2 gene over expression vector modified exosomes from BMSC combined with calcium carbonate scaffold system in bone defect]. An, T; Li, XF; Lin, P; Tu, YC; Wu, YP; Zhao, YS, 2022)	0.72
"Compared with RUNX2 gene overexpression vector transfection, extraction of exosomes directly can promote the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts more efficiently, and the combination with calcium carbonate scaffold can better promote the healing of bone defects."	( [Application of RUNX2 gene over expression vector modified exosomes from BMSC combined with calcium carbonate scaffold system in bone defect]. An, T; Li, XF; Lin, P; Tu, YC; Wu, YP; Zhao, YS, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The bioavailability of clofibric acid from formulations containing calcium clofibrate along and mixed with calcium carbonate (1:1 w/w) was compared to that from a standard clofibrate formulation in a crossover study in 12 human subjects."	( Plasma concentrations and bioavailability of clofibric acid from its calcium salt in humans. Chasseaud, LF; Taylor, T, 1977)	0.26
"This study was designed to determine the effects of an aluminum hydroxide antacid and a calcium carbonate antacid on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin (Cipro)."	( Effects of aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate antacids on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Frost, RW; Lasseter, KC; Lettieri, JT; Noe, AJ; Shamblen, EC, 1992)	0.28
"A consumer test and standardized methods were compared for measuring the disintegration of calcium tablets, and the disintegration results were compared with results of dissolution testing to determine the ability of the consumer test of disintegration to predict bioavailability of calcium."	( Consumer vinegar test for determining calcium disintegration. Dressman, JB; Mason, NA; Patel, JD; Shimp, LA, 1992)	0.28
" As the bioavailability of sodium fluoride (NaF) can be impaired by concomitant absorption of calcium, both drugs have to be ingested separately."	( Bioavailability of fluoride in postmenopausal women: comparative study between sodium fluoride and disodium monofluorophosphate-calcium carbonate. Bardin, C; Brouard, A; Kuntz, D; Lioté, F; Liou, A; Terrier, JL, 1992)	0.28
" In contrast, when calcium is fed to growing animals at levels below the National Research Council requirement but from a highly bioavailable source (i."	( Bone composition and histology of young growing rats fed diets of varied calcium bioavailability: spinach, nonfat dry milk, or calcium carbonate added to casein. Erdman, JW; Eurell, JA; Peterson, CA, 1992)	0.28
"Calcium carbonate supplements depress iron bioavailability when consumed with meals."	( Calcium carbonate depresses iron bioavailability in rats more than calcium sulfate or sodium carbonate. Miller, DD; Prather, TA, 1992)	0.28
" The bioavailability of these preparations is unknown."	( In vitro dissolution of calcium carbonate preparations. Brennan, MJ; Butler, VM; Duncan, WE; Wartofsky, L; Wray, HL, 1991)	0.28
"The effect on ciprofloxacin's bioavailability (F) of calcium carbonate given 2 h before ciprofloxacin administration in 12 male volunteers was studied."	( Effect of staggered dose of calcium on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Bailie, GR; Lomaestro, BM, 1991)	0.28
" Hyperaluminaemia was regressive during therapy with calcium carbonate, but addition of small doses of aluminium hydroxide caused a large rise in serum aluminium concentrations after infusion of desferrioxamine, indicating an enhanced rate of absorption or aberrant compartmentalization of aluminium."	( Calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder in dialysis patients: evaluation of an enteric-coated preparation and effect of additional aluminium hydroxide on hyperaluminaemia. Gladziwa, U; Ittel, TH; Schäfer, C; Schmitt, H; Sieberth, HG, 1991)	0.28
"The effects of 15- and 5-ml doses of magnesium-aluminum hydroxide (MAH) and calcium carbonate (CC) antacids, respectively, on the bioavailability of ofloxacin after single oral 400-mg doses of ofloxacin were investigated in a 32-subject, randomized, crossover, open-label study."	( Effects of magnesium-aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate antacids on bioavailability of ofloxacin. Flor, S; Guay, DR; Matzke, GR; Opsahl, JA; Tack, K, 1990)	0.28
" The fluoride bioavailability from two preparations is identical with an areas under the curve corresponding to 61."	( [Comparison of the fluoride bioavailability from two oral preparations of monofluorophosphate disodium in combination with various calcium salts]. Bellony, R; Brazier, M; Desmet, G; Fardelonne, P; Hary, L; Richard, MO; Sebert, JL, )	0.13
" Since pharmacokinetic interactions between antacids and NSAIDs have been reported, it was investigated whether aluminium and magnesium hydroxide (Maalox as oral suspension) or aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate (Solugastril as oral gel) influenced the bioavailability of Lornoxicam (rINN), a new potent NSAID from the chemical group of the oxicams."	( The effect of concomitantly administered antacids on the bioavailability of lornoxicam, a novel highly potent NSAID. Dittrich, P; Ferber, HP; Kukovetz, WR; Magometschnigg, D; Mayerhofer, S; Radhofer-Welte, S, 1990)	0.28
"In the present study, we compared the bioavailability of various calcium salts in the diet such as calcium lactate, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate by examining the effects of these calcium salts on serum calcium concentration and on the mineralization of incisor dentin in parathyroidectomized (PTXed) rats."	( [Comparisons of bioavailability of various calcium salts. Utilization incisor dentin in parathyroidectomized rats]. Arai, M; Kohsaka, M; Matsumoto, S; Ohira, T; Takei, H; Togari, A; Yamaguchi, M, 1989)	0.28
" Formal investigation of the bioavailability of this product revealed it to have impaired disintegration and dissolution and a lack of clinical efficacy."	( Variable efficacy of calcium carbonate tablets. Goldstein, SJ; Kobrin, SM; Raja, RM; Shangraw, RF, 1989)	0.28
" The relatively few episodes of hypercalcemia may be related to possible enhanced bioavailability of the compound secondary to its powdered form."	( Calcium carbonate powder as a phosphate binder. Hegeman, TF; Miller, D; Taber, TE, )	0.13
" We conclude that CCM exhibits excellent bioavailability and that this formulation is a useful addition to the forms of calcium now available either for direct supplementation or for food fortification."	( Calcium absorption from a new calcium delivery system (CCM). Flora, L; Heaney, RP; Hinders, SM; Smith, KT, 1987)	0.27
" These results confirm the superior calcium bioavailability from calcium citrate as compared with calcium carbonate."	( Dose dependency of calcium absorption: a comparison of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. Harvey, JA; Pak, CY; Zobitz, MM, 1988)	0.27
" Calcium bioavailability was nearly 10 times greater for low oxalate kale, CaCO3 and CaCl2 than from CaC2O4 (calcium oxalate) and spinach (high in oxalates)."	( Oxalic acid decreases calcium absorption in rats. Ebner, JS; Krueger, CA; Martin, BR; Weaver, CM, 1987)	0.27
" Thus, calcium citrate provides a more optimum calcium bioavailability than calcium carbonate."	( Calcium bioavailability from calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. Nicar, MJ; Pak, CY, 1985)	0.27
" The bioavailability of the calcium in mechanically deboned meat ( MDM ) was compared to that from calcium carbonate fed in hand deboned meat ( HDM ) diets."	( Bioavailability to rats of calcium in meat products prepared from hand or mechanically deboned beef shank. Hendricks, DG; Mahoney, AW; McLaughlin, K; Tso, TB, 1984)	0.27
"The bioavailability of calcium from various calcium sources in humans and animals has been the subject of investigation for many years and there is considerable controversy as to the relative bioavailability of different calcium salts."	( Bioavailability of calcium from calcium carbonate, DL-calcium lactate, L-calcium lactate and powdered oyster shell calcium in vitamin D-deficient or -replete rats. Ezawa, I; Higashino, R; Igarashi, C; Kimura, T; Kobayashi, T; Okano, T; Oshio, Y; Teraoka, Y; Tsugawa, N, 1995)	0.29
" These results suggest that dietary xylitol improves the bioavailability of calcium salts."	( Bone repair in calcium-deficient rats: comparison of xylitol+calcium carbonate with calcium carbonate, calcium lactate and calcium citrate on the repletion of calcium. Hämäläinen, MM, 1994)	0.29
"In a longitudinal study we determined the effect of animal age as well as Ca source and radiolabeling method on Ca bioavailability by measuring whole body 47Ca retention (WBR) in male Sprague-Dawley rats."	( Effect of age, calcium source, and radiolabeling method on whole body 47Ca retention in the rat. Andon, MB; Kanerva, RL; Schulte, MC; Smith, KT, 1993)	0.29
"To determine the effect on the relative bioavailability (Fr) of a staggered single dose of ciprofloxacin given two hours after a morning dose of calcium carbonate given three times daily over the three previous days."	( Effect of multiple staggered doses of calcium on the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin. Bailie, GR; Lomaestro, BM, 1993)	0.29
"The 'meal effect' on mineral bioavailability is evaluated in short-term studies on humans whereas feeding experiments on pigs lasting several weeks allow both mineral balance studies and measurements of bone ash contents or breaking strength."	( Meal-feeding and phosphorus ingestion influence calcium bioavailability evaluated by calcium balance and bone breaking strength in pigs. Guéguen, L; Pointillart, A, 1993)	0.29
"We have further investigated the "meal effect" on mineral bioavailability in pigs by mineral balance studies and measurements of bone ash contents and bending moment."	( Mineral bioavailability and bone mineral contents in pigs given calcium carbonate postprandially. Colin, C; Guéguen, L; Lacroix, HC; Pointillart, A, 1995)	0.29
" The carbonate was poorly absorbed and hence did not significantly affect acid-base metabolism nor urine pH."	( Different effects of three high-dose oral calcium salts on acid-base metabolism, plasma electrolytes and urine parameters of rats. Classen, HG; Schimatschek, HF; Schütte, K, 1995)	0.29
" Bioavailability of the different calcium-supplement regimens were evaluated by changes in 24-h urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, and magnesium."	( Bioavailability of calcium supplements and the effect of Vitamin D: comparisons between milk, calcium carbonate, and calcium carbonate plus vitamin D. Charles, P; Mortensen, L, 1996)	0.29
"The influence of high CaCO3 intake on the bioavailability of Fe from FeSO4 was assessed during Fe repletion of rats with Fe-deficiency-induced anaemia."	( Mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of high calcium carbonate intake on iron bioavailability from ferrous sulphate in anaemic rats. Beynen, AC; Brink, EJ; Lemmens, AG; Marx, JJ; Van Der Meer, R; Wienk, KJ, 1996)	0.29
"Not only is the calcium content of a preparation significant for providing adequate calcium supplementation for the prophylaxis and therapy of osteoporosis, but also its bioavailability is of essential importance."	( Intestinal calcium absorption from different calcium preparations: influence of anion and solubility. Erbes, HJ; Hansen, C; Kaltwasser, JP; Larrat, V; Werner, E, 1996)	0.29
"Several calcium supplements are currently available and many of them are marketed without proper comparison of the bioavailability of the actual preparations."	( Acute changes in serum calcium and parathyroid hormone circulating levels induced by the oral intake of five currently available calcium salts in healthy male volunteers. Albert, A; Deroisy, R; Meurmans, L; Micheletti, MC; Nelissenne, N; Reginster, JY; Zartarian, M, 1997)	0.3
" The results demonstrated that addition of sodium bicarbonate (630 mg) to paracetamol tablets, increased the rate of absorption of paracetamol relative to conventional paracetamol tablets and soluble paracetamol tablets."	( A five way crossover human volunteer study to compare the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol following oral administration of two commercially available paracetamol tablets and three development tablets containing paracetamol in combination with sodium bicar Boyce, M; Darby-Dowman, A; Grattan, T; Hayward, M; Hickman, R; Warrington, S, 2000)	0.31
"This randomized crossover study compared the single-dose bioavailability and effects on parathyroid function of two commercially formulated calcium supplements containing 500 mg of elemental calcium."	( Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of two calcium supplements in postmenopausal women. Greer, LG; Haynes, SD; Heller, HJ; Pak, CY; Poindexter, JR, 2000)	0.31
"To perform a meta-analysis of data from available published trials comparing the bioavailability of calcium carbonate with that of calcium citrate."	( Meta-analysis of calcium bioavailability: a comparison of calcium citrate with calcium carbonate. Adams-Huet, B; Bhuket, T; Rao, DS; Sakhaee, K, 1999)	0.3
" Published cost-benefit analyses assume equal bioavailability for all calcium sources."	( Absorbability and cost effectiveness in calcium supplementation. Bendich, A; Bierman, J; Dowell, MS; Hale, CA; Heaney, RP, 2001)	0.31
"Given the equivalent bioavailability of the two marketed products, the cost benefit analysis favors the less expensive carbonate product."	( Absorbability and cost effectiveness in calcium supplementation. Bendich, A; Bierman, J; Dowell, MS; Hale, CA; Heaney, RP, 2001)	0.31
"The bioavailability of elcatonin (ECT) via the nasal route was investigated with a powder dosage form utilizing water-insoluble calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) in comparison with the liquid dosage form."	( Improved nasal bioavailability of elcatonin by insoluble powder formulation. Ishikawa, F; Katsura, M; Tamai, I; Tsuji, A, 2001)	0.31
"The effect of ageing on the bioavailability and sorption of the herbicides atrazine and mecoprop was studied in soil and aquifer chalk sampled at an agricultural field near Aalborg, Denmark."	( Mineralization of aged atrazine and mecoprop in soil and aquifer chalk. Aamand, J; Johannesen, H; Kristensen, GB, 2001)	0.31
"Our results confirmed the good bioavailability of calcium from milk and from both calcium preparations in both age groups of women."	( [Acute biochemical effects of calcium: comparison of two dosage forms of calcium carbonate (powder and effervescent tablets) and milk in healthy women]. Roubal, P; Stĕpán, J; Zikán, V, 2002)	0.31
" It is concluded that CC-M is a good calcium source, comparable in bioavailability to limestone."	( An investigation of calcium citrate-malate as a calcium source for young broiler chicks. Henry, MH; Pesti, GM, 2002)	0.54
" The relative bioavailability of iron administered with each phosphate binder compared to iron administered alone was estimated."	( Effect of phosphate binders on supplemental iron absorption in healthy subjects. Bay, WH; Coyle, JD; Hoshaw-Woodard, S; Pruchnicki, MC, 2002)	0.31
" The bioavailability (90% confidence intervals) of Ro 64-0802 following administration of oseltamivir together with Maalox suspension vs administration of oseltamivir alone, was 90% (83."	( Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between the oral anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitor prodrug oseltamivir and antacids. Barrett, J; Dorr, A; Oo, C; Snell, P, 2002)	0.31
"The authors hypothesized that estrogen treatment or vitamin D status may affect the bioavailability of two common calcium supplements differently."	( Effect of estrogen treatment and vitamin D status on differing bioavailabilities of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. Adams-Huet, B; Heller, HJ; Poindexter, JR, 2002)	0.31
"We determined the bioavailability of calcium from 3 different sources: orange juice fortified with calcium-citrate malate, skim milk, and a calcium carbonate supplement."	( Relative bioavailability of calcium-rich dietary sources in the elderly. Martini, L; Wood, RJ, 2002)	0.31
" This finding suggests that the calcium bioavailability from the 3 sources was equivalent."	( Relative bioavailability of calcium-rich dietary sources in the elderly. Martini, L; Wood, RJ, 2002)	0.31
"In elderly subjects, the calcium bioavailability of the 3 high-calcium dietary sources tested was equivalent, during both the acute postprandial and longer-term periods."	( Relative bioavailability of calcium-rich dietary sources in the elderly. Martini, L; Wood, RJ, 2002)	0.31
" Furthermore, the intranasal insulin absorption rate with PS-CaCO(3) in healthy humans was also observed to be considerably faster than that with regular CaCO(3)."	( An effective absorption behavior of insulin for diabetic treatment following intranasal delivery using porous spherical calcium carbonate in monkeys and healthy human volunteers. Fukase, H; Hanafusa, T; Haruta, S; Miyajima, H; Oki, T, 2003)	0.32
"We investigated the effect of calcium carbonate on the oral bioavailability of gemifloxacin."	( Effect of calcium carbonate on bioavailability of orally administered gemifloxacin. Allen, A; Burkhardt, O; Lode, H; Petzold, P; Pletz, MW, 2003)	0.32
" The developed model is considered to be an important step forward in accounting for copper bioavailability in natural systems."	( Development and field validation of a predictive copper toxicity model for the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Allen, HE; De Schamphelaere, KA; Delbeke, K; Heijerick, DG; Janssen, CR; Tack, FM; Vasconcelos, FM, 2003)	0.32
" The bioavailability of calcium from this source, as tested in piglets, was similar or better than that of food grade purified calcium carbonate."	( Eggshell calcium in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Istok, R; Masaryk, P; Rovenský, J; Stancíková, M; Svík, K, 2003)	0.32
" Until future research further elucidates the mechanisms underpinning the observed bioavailability relations, these empirical regression models can become a first simple tool for regulatory applications."	( Effects of dissolved organic carbon concentration and source, pH, and water hardness on chronic toxicity of copper to Daphnia magna. De Schamphelaere, KA; Janssen, CR, 2004)	0.32
"The assessment of the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediment samples requires the use of sequential extraction procedures."	( Mobility of heavy metals within freshwater sediments affected by motorway stormwater. Stead-Dexter, K; Ward, NI, 2004)	0.32
" The objective of this study was to compare the oral bioavailability of calcium from calcium formate, a new experimental dietary calcium supplement, to that of calcium citrate and calcium carbonate."	( Relative bioavailability of calcium from calcium formate, calcium citrate, and calcium carbonate. Fisher, DH; Fowler, SC; Hanzlik, RP, 2005)	0.33
", exchangeable or loosely sorbed phosphorus (Exch-P), Fe-bound phosphorus (Fe-P), authigenic apatite, CaCO3-bound phosphorus and biogenic apatite (Acet-P), detrital apatite (Det-P) and organic-bound phosphorus (Org-P), in order to assess the potential bioavailability status in these systems."	( Distribution and partitioning of phosphorus in solid waste and sediments from drainage canals in the industrial belt of Delhi, India. Moturi, MC; Rawat, M; Subramanian, V, 2005)	0.33
" Tricalcium phosphate (TCP)-fortified soymilk was shown to have a lower Ca bioavailability than cow's milk in men."	( Calcium bioavailability of calcium carbonate fortified soymilk is equivalent to cow's milk in young women. Martin, BR; Weaver, CM; Zhao, Y, 2005)	0.33
" The inhibitory effects of calcite on the bioavailability of iron in human lung epithelial A549 cells and primary rat alveolar macrophages (AMs) were also examined."	( Addition of calcite reduces iron's bioavailability in the Pennsylvania coals--potential use of calcite for the prevention of coal workers' lung diseases. Huang, X; Zhang, Q, 2005)	0.33
" In current risk assessment, oral bioavailability from a specific product is considered to be equal to bioavailability found in toxicity studies in which contaminants are usually ingested via liquids or food matrices."	( Consumer product in vitro digestion model: Bioaccessibility of contaminants and its application in risk assessment. Brandon, EF; Oomen, AG; Rompelberg, CJ; Sips, AJ; van Engelen, JG; Versantvoort, CH, 2006)	0.33
"The aim of the present study was to compare the bioavailability of calcium from calcium carbonate and milk and to investigate if 1,200 IU of cholecalciferol a day increased intestinal absorption of calcium."	( Bioavailability of calcium: comparison of calcium carbonate and milk and the effect of vitamin D, age, and sex using 24-hour urine calcium as a method. Eskildsen, PC; Hitz, MF; Jensen, JB, 2005)	0.33
" The strain selection for optimal deposition of a dense CaCO(3) layer on limestone, was based on decrease in water absorption rate by treated limestone."	( Bio-deposition of a calcium carbonate layer on degraded limestone by Bacillus species. De Belie, N; De Graef, B; De Windt, W; Dick, J; Saveyn, H; Van der Meeren, P; Verstraete, W, 2006)	0.81
" Both the purport and the element bioavailability in the food need to be considered."	( [Bioavailability of dietary calcium]. Almeida, RN; Buzinaro, EF; Mazeto, GM, 2006)	0.33
"The investigation was undertaken with the objective of comparing two in vitro techniques, measuring dialyzable iron (method A) and measuring ionizable iron (method B), for iron bioavailability in a model system."	( Comparative analysis of influence of promoters and inhibitors on in vitro available iron using two methods. Gupta, S; Jyothi Lakshmi, A; Prakash, J, )	0.13
"While calcium carbonate is known to interfere with the gastrointestinal absorption of levothyroxine, we hypothesized that other phosphate binders would also bind to levothyroxine and decrease bioavailability of levothyroxine in dialysis patients."	( Effect of phosphate binders upon TSH and L-thyroxine dose in patients on thyroid replacement. Carter, TB; Dansby, LM; Diskin, CJ; Radcliff, L; Stokes, TJ, 2007)	0.34
"Sevelamer (but not calcium acetate) in addition to calcium carbonate appears to interfere with the bioavailability of levothyroxine."	( Effect of phosphate binders upon TSH and L-thyroxine dose in patients on thyroid replacement. Carter, TB; Dansby, LM; Diskin, CJ; Radcliff, L; Stokes, TJ, 2007)	0.34
" The apparent calcium absorption (mg/d) and rate of absorption (%) were higher, and those of retention were much higher, in the DFAIII group than in the control group."	( Ingestion of difructose anhydride III enhances absorption and retention of calcium in healthy men. Hara, H; Okuhara, Y; Shigematsu, N; Shiomi, T; Tamura, A; Tomita, K, 2007)	0.34
"The aims of the present study were to investigate (1) whether cladocerans living in soft water (operationally defined hardness < 10 mg CaCO(3)/L) are intrinsically more sensitive to Ni than cladocerans living in hard water (operationally defined hardness > 25 mg CaCO(3)/L) and (2) whether a single bioavailability model can be used to predict the protective effect of water hardness on the toxicity of Ni to cladocerans in both soft and hard water."	( Comparison of nickel toxicity to cladocerans in soft versus hard surface waters. De Laender, F; De Schamphelaere, KA; Deleebeeck, NM; Janssen, CR; Muyssen, BT, 2007)	0.34
" Sequential extraction results showed that nonspecifically sorbed (easily exchangeable, outer sphere complexes) fraction of arsenate is dominant with respect to the inner-sphere surface bound complexes of arsenate in the carbonate soil fraction, indicating high bioavailability and transport for arsenate in the carbonate-rich soils of which Fe and Al oxyhydroxide fractions are limited."	( Adsorption and transport of arsenate in carbonate-rich soils: coupled effects of nonlinear and rate-limited sorption. Akyol, NH; Yolcubal, I, 2008)	0.35
"Calcium citrate has superior bioavailability than calcium carbonate in RYGB patients."	( Comparison of the absorption of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Adams-Huet, B; Chang, C; Provost, D; Sakhaee, K; Sims, T; Tondapu, P, 2009)	0.35
" These results highlight the importance of calcium ion bioavailability in the remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in situ."	( Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by chewing gum with added calcium. Cai, F; Reynolds, C; Reynolds, EC; Shen, P; Walker, GD; Yuan, Y, 2009)	0.35
" In the present study, we examined whether the bioavailability of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate can be improved by reducing the particle size."	( Effects of nano calcium carbonate and nano calcium citrate on toxicity in ICR mice and on bone mineral density in an ovariectomized mice model. Chang, WH; Chen, JC; Hsu, CW; Huang, S, 2009)	0.35
" It appears that selecting a study group with a narrow initial range of Fe stores does not necessarily reduce the inter-individual variability in Fe bioavailability measurements."	( Effect of calcium on iron absorption in women with marginal iron status. Benkhedda, K; Cockell, KA; L'abbé, MR, 2010)	0.36
"Since its role in the prevention of osteoporosis in humans was proven some 30 years ago, calcium bioavailability has been the subject of numerous scientific studies."	( Solubility and bioavailability of stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate. Aflalo, ED; Bar-David, E; Berman, A; Meiron, OE; Sagi, A; Shechter, A; Stepensky, D, 2011)	0.37
" Protective effect of ginger extract (GE) against ulcer is well documented, but therapeutic use is compromised due to poor bioavailability and physicochemical properties."	( Development and evaluation of a gastro-retentive delivery system for improved antiulcer activity of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale). Kumar Singh, P; Pal Kaur, I, 2011)	0.37
"Increasing calcium bioavailability by decreasing calcium salt particle size in the supplement may be one way to increase calcium absorption."	( Effect of calcium carbonate particle size on calcium absorption and retention in adolescent girls. Elble, AE; Hill, KM; Martin, BR; Park, CY; Peacock, M; Weaver, CM, 2011)	0.37
"With the use of stable isotopes, this study aimed to compare the bioavailability of active absorbable algal calcium (AAACa), obtained from oyster shell powder heated to a high temperature, with an additional heated seaweed component (Heated Algal Ingredient, HAI), with that of calcium carbonate."	( Fractional absorption of active absorbable algal calcium (AAACa) and calcium carbonate measured by a dual stable-isotope method. Abrams, SA; Fujii, Y; Fujita, T; Hirai, M; Ishida, H; Kaji, H; Kakumoto, M; Ohue, M; Uenishi, K, 2010)	0.36
" The bioavailability of Pb in contaminated soil was reduced so that the potential stress of Pb was alleviated."	( Bioremediation of Pb-contaminated soil based on microbially induced calcite precipitation. Achal, V; Fu, Q; Pan, X; Zhang, D, 2012)	0.38
" Results also showed that bioavailability is an important factor determining the impact of the heavy metals assayed, and even an inverted potential toxicity ranking could be achieved if their soluble fraction is considered instead of the total concentration."	( The exposition of a calcareous Mediterranean soil to toxic concentrations of Cr, Cd and Pb produces changes in the microbiota mainly related to differential metal bioavailability. Caliz, J; Cruañas, R; Garau, MA; Martí, E; Montserrat, G; Sierra, J; Triadó-Margarit, X; Vila, X, 2012)	0.38
"A prototype formulation based on layer-by-layer (LbL) nano-matrix was developed to increase bioavailability of kaempferol with improved retention in bone marrow to achieve enhanced bone formation."	( In vivo efficacy studies of layer-by-layer nano-matrix bearing kaempferol for the conditions of osteoporosis: a study in ovariectomized rat model. Changkija, B; Chattopadhyay, N; Dwivedi, AK; Gautam, J; Gupta, GK; Gupta, V; Khedgikar, V; Kumar, A; Kushwaha, P; Mishra, PR; Nagar, GK; Trivedi, R; Verma, A, 2012)	0.38
" The aim of our study was to compare and evaluate the results of the biological and non-biological assessment of metal bioavailability after soil remediation."	( An in vivo invertebrate bioassay of Pb, Zn and Cd stabilization in contaminated soil. Drobne, D; Lestan, D; Udovic, M, 2013)	0.39
" scaber is a more relevant and sensitive measure of metal bioavailability than chemical bioaccessibility testing in remediated industrially polluted soil."	( An in vivo invertebrate bioassay of Pb, Zn and Cd stabilization in contaminated soil. Drobne, D; Lestan, D; Udovic, M, 2013)	0.39
"The bioavailability of crystalline pharmaceutical substances is often limited by their poor aqueous solubility but it can be improved by formulating the active substance in the amorphous state that is featured with a higher apparent solubility."	( Mesoporous calcium carbonate as a phase stabilizer of amorphous celecoxib--an approach to increase the bioavailability of poorly soluble pharmaceutical substances. Andersson, M; Forsgren, J; Mihranyan, A; Nilsson, P, 2013)	0.39
" We designed this blinded, randomized, crossover interventional trial to compare the bioavailability of a new stable synthetic amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) with that of crystalline calcium carbonate (CCC) using the dual stable isotope technique."	( Increased calcium absorption from synthetic stable amorphous calcium carbonate: double-blind randomized crossover clinical trial in postmenopausal women. Abrams, SA; Daniely, M; Meiron, OE; Niv, E; Sagi, A; Shaltiel, G; Shapira, Y; Shechter, A; Vaisman, N, 2014)	0.4
" By carefully choosing the shell composition, bioavailability of the liposomes and of the encapsulated drug can be modulated to respond to biological requirements and to improve drug delivery to the cytoplasm and avoid endosomal escape."	( Carrier-inside-carrier: polyelectrolyte microcapsules as reservoir for drug-loaded liposomes. Blum, L; Girard-Egrot, A; Granjon, T; Jia, Y; Li, J; Maniti, O; Marcillat, O; Rebaud, S; Sarkis, J; Zhao, J, 2015)	0.42
"The contribution of the nature instead of the total content of soil parameters relevant to metal bioavailability in lettuce was tested using a series of low-polluted Mediterranean agricultural calcareous soils offering natural gradients in the content and composition of carbonate, organic, and oxide fractions."	( Improving the relationship between soil characteristics and metal bioavailability by using reactive fractions of soil parameters in calcareous soils. de Santiago-Martín, A; González, C; Lafuente, AL; Lamy, I; Quintana, JR; van Oort, F, 2015)	0.42
"The objective of the present study was to demonstrate that a novel hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin functionalized calcium carbonate (HP-β-CD/CC) based amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) can be used to increase the solubility and oral bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs."	( Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin functionalized calcium carbonate microparticles as a potential carrier for enhancing oral delivery of water-insoluble drugs. Han, J; Jiang, L; Lin, Q; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhu, W, 2015)	0.42
" Nevertheless, soil properties did not show, in general, a high relation with studied toxicity endpoints, although the high correlation with AsW could greatly reduce indirectly As bioavailability and toxicity risk for earthworms."	( Influence of soil properties on the bioaccumulation and effects of arsenic in the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Ortiz, MD; Peinado, FJ; Romero-Freire, A; van Gestel, CA, 2015)	0.42
"Disintegrant is a typical excipient that improves the solubility, dissolution and bioavailability of drug."	( Formulation and evaluation of nanocrystalline cellulose as a potential disintegrant. Cha, R; Huang, H; Jia, M; Jin, S; Wang, C; Zhao, W, 2015)	0.42
" The preclinical drug absorption rate was lower with calcium acetate loaded than calcium-free alginate pellets."	( Drug release, preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetics relationships of alginate pellets prepared by melt technology. Bose, A; Dan, S; Harjoh, N; Pal, TK; Wong, TW, 2016)	0.43
" The river waters had a range of water quality parameters that modify Cu bioavailability and toxicity."	( Copper toxicity and the influence of water quality of Dongnai River and Mekong River waters on copper bioavailability and toxicity to three tropical species. Bui, TK; Dao, TS; Do-Hong, LC; Hoang, TC, 2016)	0.43
" Correlation analyses revealed that soil organic matter, soil pH, and clay content showed insignificant correlation with Pb concentration in the soil and wheat grains, whereas calcium carbonate content showed significantly negative correlations with both total and bioavailable Pb in the soil, and Pb content in wheat grains, demonstrating the strong influences of calcium carbonate on Pb bioavailability in the polluted calcareous soils."	( The influences of selected soil properties on Pb availability and its transfer to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a polluted calcareous soil. Delavar, MA; Esfandiarpour-Boroujeni, I; Owliaie, HR; Safari, Y; Zhang, C, 2015)	0.42
" We also manipulated rates of CaCO3 deposition in microbialites to determine whether lithification reduces the bioavailability of phosphorus (P)."	( Interaction between lithification and resource availability in the microbialites of Río Mesquites, Cuatro Ciénegas, México. Corman, JR; Elser, JJ; Poret-Peterson, AT; Uchitel, A, 2016)	0.43
" The bioavailability of sCT after aerosol delivery as sCT and AAT-loaded composite microparticles to rats was 4-times higher than that of sCT solution."	( Amorphous Calcium Carbonate Based-Microparticles for Peptide Pulmonary Delivery. Ehrhardt, C; Gobbo, OL; Healy, AM; Tewes, F, 2016)	0.43
" The present study aimed to generate higher-tier in situ toxicity data for elevated nickel (Ni) in soils with and without lime addition and to explore the effect of liming on soil chemistry and bioavailability of Ni to plants."	( Effect of liming on nickel bioavailability and toxicity to oat and soybean grown in field soils containing aged emissions from a nickel refinery. Cioccio, S; Dan, T; Gopalapillai, Y; Hale, B, 2017)	0.46
"Lycopene (LYC) bioavailability is relatively low and highly variable, because of the influence of several factors."	( Dietary calcium impairs tomato lycopene bioavailability in healthy humans. Borel, P; Buffière, C; Buisson, C; Desmarchelier, C; Dumont, U; Halimi, C; Lairon, D; Page, D; Rémond, D; Sébédio, JL, 2016)	0.43
" Overall, the application of chemical amendments could be utilized for decreasing PTE (As and Cd) bioavailability and increasing microbial activity in the soil."	( Effect of chemical amendments on remediation of potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) and soil quality improvement in paddy fields. Hong, YK; Kim, DH; Kim, SC; Lee, SP; Oh, SJ; Oh, SM; Yang, JE, 2017)	0.46
"Novel excipients are entering the market to enhance the bioavailability of drug particles by having a high porosity and, thus, providing a rapid liquid uptake and disintegration to accelerate subsequent drug dissolution."	( Characterization of the Pore Structure of Functionalized Calcium Carbonate Tablets by Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and X-Ray Computed Microtomography. Bawuah, P; Chakraborty, M; Gane, P; Karttunen, AP; Ketolainen, J; Markl, D; Pääkkönen, P; Peiponen, KE; Ridgway, C; Wang, P; Zeitler, JA, 2017)	0.46
" This suggests that mobility and bioavailability of Mn in biochar was much lower relative to pristine biomass."	( Biochar provides a safe and value-added solution for hyperaccumulating plant disposal: A case study of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. (Phytolaccaceae). Gao, B; Li, Y; Ok, YS; Shen, C; Wang, S; Xue, S, 2017)	0.46
" As a result of nanosizing, the solubility and bioavailability of the oyster shell were greatly improved, and its effectiveness was further enhanced by zinc activation."	( Highly bioavailable nanocalcium from oyster shell for preventing osteoporosis in rats. Chang, YH; Jung, SK; Kwak, HS; Lee, YK, 2017)	0.46
"This study assessed the effectiveness of limestone-montmorillonite-rapeseed residue-Si fertilizer compound amendment on the bioavailability and crop uptake of cadmium (Cd) and enzyme activities in acidic paddy soils."	( Impacts of a Compound Amendment on Cd Immobilization, Enzyme Activities and Crop Uptake in Acidic Cd-Contaminated Paddy Soils. Cheng, W; Du, D; Fu, Z; Guo, Z; Lei, P; Shan, S; Wu, L; Wu, M; Wu, S, 2018)	0.75
"Chia is a good source of calcium, however it is not been previously reported its bioavailability associated with an inflammatory condition."	( Effects of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) on calcium bioavailability and inflammation in Wistar rats. Costa, NMB; da Silva, BP; Grancieri, M; Martino, HSD; Medina, NR; Moreira, MEC; Silva, RR; Toledo, RCL, 2019)	0.51
" In this study, the effects of indigenous weed (Setaria pumila), energy plant (Pennisetum sinese), cadmium (Cd)-hyperaccumulator (Sedum plumbizincicola), and copper (Cu)-tolerant plant (Elsholtzia splendens) on the bioavailability and mobility of Cu and Cd in polluted soil were evaluated after phytostabilization aided by limestone (0."	( Bioavailability and mobility of copper and cadmium in polluted soil after phytostabilization using different plants aided by limestone. Cui, H; Fang, G; Li, H; Yi, Q; Zhang, S; Zhou, J, 2020)	0.94
" Both biochar and Ca-MBC treatments increased soil pH, decreased the bioavailability of cadmium."	( A novel calcium-based magnetic biochar is effective in stabilization of arsenic and cadmium co-contamination in aerobic soils. Huang, D; Li, Z; Liu, X; Parikh, SJ; Tang, C; Wu, J; Xu, J, 2020)	0.56
"A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of combined application of cadmium (Cd)-resistant bacteria (J) and calcium carbonate + sepiolite (G) on both Cd bioavailability in contaminated paddy soil and on Cd accumulation in rice plants."	( Effects of Cd-resistant bacteria and calcium carbonate + sepiolite on Cd availability in contaminated paddy soil and on Cd accumulation in brown rice grains. Li, J; Li, Q; Liao, BH; Mei, JX; Peng, PQ; Zhang, K; Zhang, P; Zhou, H, 2020)	0.56
" TSF concentration (µg F/mL) in TR was determined as an indicator of fluoride bioavailability during toothbrushing and the areas under curves of saliva fluoride concentration versus time (area under the curve, AUC = µg F/mL × min) were calculated as an indicator of fluoride bioavailability after toothbrushing."	( Chemically Soluble Fluoride in Na2FPO3/CaCO3-Based Toothpaste as an Indicator of Fluoride Bioavailability in Saliva during and after Toothbrushing. Coelho, CSS; Cury, JA; Tabchoury, CPM, 2020)	0.56
", and the mechanism on reducing As and Cd bioavailability in soil were also investigated."	( Simultaneous reduction of arsenic and cadmium bioavailability in agriculture soil and their accumulation in Brassica chinensis L. by using minerals. Dong, Y; He, Y; Jin, X; Lin, H; Luo, M, 2020)	0.56
" It is characterized by a variable bioavailability and by the presence of different polymorphs."	( Use of calcium carbonate as an excipient for release of poorly water soluble drugs: The case of carbamazepine. Ambrogi, V; Bini, M; Corneli, C; Donnadio, A; Ricci, P, 2020)	0.56
" Furthermore, it provides a highly efficient cellular uptake and excellent bioavailability in vitro and enables a deep penetration during transfollicular delivery in vivo."	( Transdermal platform for the delivery of the antifungal drug naftifine hydrochloride based on porous vaterite particles. Abalymov, A; Atkin, V; Gusliakova, O; Kozlova, A; Lengert, E; Morrison, A; Nechaeva, O; Svenskaya, Y; Tuchin, V; Verkhovskii, R, 2021)	0.62
"The bioaccessibility and bioavailability of a functionalized Calcium (Ca) salt as food ingredient, based on modified Ca carbonate and hydroxyapatite (FCC), was determined and compared with frequently used Ca sources (Ca citrate tetrahydrate (CCT), tri-Ca phosphate (triCP) and Ca carbonate (CC)."	( Improved in vitro bioavailability of a newly developed functionalized calcium carbonate salt as a food ingredient and its comparison with available commercial calcium salts. Budde, T; Nieto, JA; Sharma, L; Soriano-Romaní, L; Tomás-Cobos, L, 2021)	0.62
"Microencapsulation helps to improve bioavailability of a functional whey protein, lactoferrin (Lf), in adults."	( Surface-reacted calcium carbonate microparticles as templates for lactoferrin encapsulation. Antipina, M; Berry, C; Broadhurst, M; Chia, CY; Harris, P; Hurford, D; Khin, YW; Kiryukhin, MV; Lau, HH; Lim, SH; Ridgway, CJ; Schoelkopf, J; Wallace, O; Weeks, M, 2021)	0.62
"Fluoride chemically soluble in toothpaste is an indicator of fluoride bioavailability when the teeth are brushed, and the same should be expected systemically when toothpaste is ingested."	( Soluble Fluoride in Na2FPO3/CaCO3-Based Toothpaste as an Indicator of Systemically Bioavailable Fluoride. Caldas da Rocha, DR; Cury, JA; Ricomini Filho, AP, 2022)	0.72
" The application of marble waste to the soil-compost resulted in decreasing the bioavailability of metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd), thus ameliorating the installation of the vegetal cover for 6 months of culture."	( Combined application of marble waste and beneficial microorganisms: toward a cost-effective approach for restoration of heavy metals contaminated sites. Heinze, S; Marschner, B; Meddich, A; Oufdou, K; Pajuelo, E; Raklami, A, 2022)	0.72
" The effects of passivators on soil physicochemical properties, bioavailability of the heavy metals Cd and Pb, and the yield and plant (stalk and seed) content of heavy metals Cd and Pb in low-accumulation maize were investigated under different grouping conditions of calcite+slaked lime (CL), calcite+zeolite (CZ), calcite+biochar (CB), and calcite+slaked lime+zeolite+biochar (CLZB)."	( [Synergistic Repair Effect of Calcite-Based Passivator and Low-Accumulation Maize]. Du, QQ; Li, JT; Ren, C; Ren, YZ; Wang, H; Xiao, JH; Zhao, R; Zhu, LW, 2022)	0.72
" The concentrations of Mn, Ba, Cu, Pb, Y, V, Cd, and U in the skeleton of euryhaline species generally decreased at higher salinities, most likely reflecting the lower bioavailability of elements at higher salinity."	( Polymorphism of CaCO Humphreys-Williams, E; Kukliński, P; Najorka, J; Piwoni-Piórewicz, A; Strekopytov, S; Szymczycha, B, 2022)	0.72
" This study has shown that application of amendments could effectively reduce the Cd bioavailability in soil, but LM altered the soil microbial community structure, while OS maintained the soil microbiological structure."	( Effect of slow-released biomass alkaline amendments oyster shell on microecology in acidic heavy metal contaminated paddy soils. Chen, Y; Huang, H; Lei, L; Liu, H; Qiu, C; Xu, H; Zhang, R, 2022)	0.72
" The present study evaluates the effects of amendments on Sb bioavailability in different soils and investigates the relationship between bioaccumulated Sb and its availability in spiked soils using two different single extraction methods."	( Immobilization and phytoavailability of antimony (Sb) in contaminated agricultural soils amended with composted manure. He, M; Jiao, Y; Ma, C; Pervaiz, A; Rehman, SAU; Zhong, Q, 2023)	0.91
" As soil amendments, bovine bone meal (BM) and oyster shell meal (OS) reduced the mobility and bioavailability of metals primarily by increasing soil pH."	( Application of bovine bone meal and oyster shell meal to heavy metals polluted soil: Vegetable safety and bacterial community. Lai, W; Lu, G; Tao, X; Wang, M; Zhang, B; Zheng, X; Zhou, J; Zou, M, 2023)	0.91
" Higher electron transfer activity, greater bioavailability of organics, and multiple Cr(VI) reductases were detected in SIC-biosystems, which effectively promoted Cr(VI) energy metabolism and enzyme-mediated biological reduction."	( Does inorganic carbon species alter chromium reduction mechanism in sulfur-based autotrophic biosystem? Chen, N; Feng, C; Wang, H; Wang, Y; Zhan, Y, 2023)	0.91
" Two seasons of continuous field experiments were conducted in heavily Cd-polluted soil to study how the co-application of LS and Si fertilizer (namely soil-applied Si and foliar-sprayed Si) influences Cd and Si bioavailability in soil and Cd uptake and transport in rice."	( Co-application of combined amendment (limestone and sepiolite) and Si fertilizer reduces rice Cd uptake and transport through Cd immobilization and Si-Cd antagonism. Gu, J; Liao, B; Liao, Y; Liu, J; Luo, X; Wei, B; Zeng, P; Zhou, H, 2023)	1.18
" Previous studies have primarily focused on heavy metal pollution in the vicinity of sulfide tailings, while little attention was given to metal mobility and bioavailability within skarn-type tailings profile during weathering."	( Geochemical fractionation, bioaccessibility and ecological risk of metallic elements in the weathering profiles of typical skarn-type copper tailings from Tongling, China. Gao, B; Guan, DX; Jiang, S; Li, Y; Liu, B; Song, X; Wang, B; Zhou, S, 2023)	0.91
"The mineralization and bioavailability of phytic acid, the predominant organic phosphorus (OP) species in many soils, have generally been rendered limited due to its interaction with soil minerals."	( Spectroscopic Investigation of Phosphorus Mineralization as Affected by the Calcite-Water Interfacial Chemistry. Arai, Y; Chen, A; Han, HS; Zhu, L, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" To achieve adequate neutralization of stimulated gastric acid secretion antacids have to be taken one and three hours after a meal in a dosage neutralizing 40-80 mval of acid."	( [Therapy with antacids]. Holtermüller, KH, 1979)	0.26
"A gastroduodenal combination preparation was introduced at a deliberately high dosage into a clinical treatment schema."	( [Clinical treatment of inflammatory and benign ulcerous diseases of the stomach and duodenum with a new combination preparation (Aci-Tensilan) (author's transl)]. van de Loo, W, 1976)	0.26
" Neither the concomitant use of Al(OH)3 with CaCO3 nor varying the dosage of DHT within assumed range influenced serum phosphorus level."	( Calcium carbonate as a phosphate binder in children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Jabłczyńska, A; Roszkowska-Blaim, M; Sieniawska, M; Weglarska, J; Welc-Dobies, J, )	0.13
"625 mg daily, combined with 1000 mg elemental calcium supplementation, was the minimum effective dosage to prevent loss of spinal bone mineral density in postmenopausal women over a 12-month period."	( Effect of estrone sulfate on postmenopausal bone loss. Baylink, DJ; Gallagher, JC; Genant, HK; Harris, ST; Herber, M; Steiger, P, 1990)	0.28
" The dosage of salt and trace element supplements should be strictly controlled and therefore methods of artificial water mineralization should be thoroughly developed."	( [Artificial mineralization of desalinated drinking water using salt tablets and powders]. Aladinskaia, TI; Dupik, ZA; Shikina, MI; Volkova, LN, )	0.13
" These episodes were successfully controlled by a reduction of CaCO3/MgCO3 dosage and readministration of Al(OH)3."	( [Replacement of aluminum-containing phosphate binders by calcium and magnesium carbonates in long-term hemodialysis]. Binswanger, U; Dambacher, M; Gautschi, K; Hany, A; Zaugg, PY; Zellweger, U, 1989)	0.28
" Moreover, the increment in urinary calcium post-load was higher from calcium citrate than from calcium carbonate at all four dosage levels."	( Dose dependency of calcium absorption: a comparison of calcium carbonate and calcium citrate. Harvey, JA; Pak, CY; Zobitz, MM, 1988)	0.27
" In addition, the individual distribution of phosphorus intake during the day dictated the dosing schedule."	( Alternative phosphate binders in dialysis patients: calcium carbonate. Delmez, J; Slatopolsky, E; Stokes, T; Weerts, C; Windus, D, 1986)	0.27
" Vitamin D (dihydrotachysterol) dosage was unchanged."	( Suppression of secondary hyperparathyroidism in children with chronic renal failure by high dose phosphate binders: calcium carbonate versus aluminium hydroxide. Chantler, C; Haycock, GB; Mak, RH; Powell, H; Thompson, T; Turner, C, 1985)	0.27
"The direct correlation between the dosage of magnesium in antacids and the appearance of partly massive diarrheas in ulcus-patients known from literature could be confirmed."	( [Stool behavior following the administration of antacids]. Kori-Lindner, C, 1984)	0.27
"Fifteen patients with multiple myeloma were treated with sodium fluoride (50 mg twice daily) plus calcium carbonate (1 g four times daily) or with the same fluoride-calcium dosage plus vitamin D (50,000 U twice weekly)."	( Effect of sodium fluoride, calcium carbonate, and vitamin D on the skeleton in multiple myeloma. Jowsey, J; Kyle, RA, 1980)	0.26
" When normal gastroduodenal flux regulation was simulated, a dose-response curve, constructed by 1, 2 or 3 tablets, resulted in the same antacid characteristics in response to both antacids."	( Antacid activity of calcium carbonate and hydrotalcite tablets. Comparison between in vitro evaluation using the "artificial stomach-duodenum" model and in vivo pH-metry in healthy volunteers. Mignon, M; Ramdani, A; Vatier, J; Vitré, MT, 1994)	0.29
" The control group received calcium carbonate (maximal dosage of 1 g x 3)."	( 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 treatment inhibits parathyroid-stimulated adenylate cyclase in iliac crest biopsies from uremic patients. Aarseth, HP; Ganss, R; Gautvik, KM; Gordeladze, JO; Haug, E; Mortensen, BM, )	0.13
" Twenty-five per cent of the difference in calcium retention between treatments A1 (Orocal 500 mg) and B (Cacit 1000) was ascribable to the dosing schedule difference and 75% to the differences in galenic characteristics."	( Comparison of calcium retention measured using a radionuclide method after administration of 1000 mg elemental calcium in two different galenic forms, in one or two doses. Micheletti, MC; Zartarian, M, 1996)	0.29
" Radioactivity in the femur 34h after dosing was the highest in the Ca-AsA group and the lowest in the CaCO3 group."	( Intestinal absorption of calcium from calcium ascorbate in rats. Kamao, M; Nakagawa, K; Nishijima, K; Okano, T; Takeuchi, A; Tsugawa, N; Yamabe, T, 1999)	0.3
" Radioactivity in a femur 34 h after dosing was highest in the Ca lactate group and lowest in the Ca carbonate group among the three groups."	( Absorbability of calcium from a new calcium supplement prepared from bovine marrow-free bone in rats. Kamao, M; Ohtani, M; Okano, T; Tsugawa, N, 1998)	0.3
" Control of hyperphosphatemia, maintenance of normocalcemia, and appropriate dosing of vitamin D analogues can prevent HPT in many cases."	( Current medical management of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Llach, F; Yudd, M, 2000)	0.31
"The bioavailability of elcatonin (ECT) via the nasal route was investigated with a powder dosage form utilizing water-insoluble calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) in comparison with the liquid dosage form."	( Improved nasal bioavailability of elcatonin by insoluble powder formulation. Ishikawa, F; Katsura, M; Tamai, I; Tsuji, A, 2001)	0.31
" This method allows the characterisation, the analysis and the dosage of ions, like carbonate, acid phosphates, proteins and fatty acids."	( [Raman spectrometry applied to calcified tissue and calcium-phosphorus biomaterials]. Behin, P; Dupas, PH; Langlois, JM; Leroy, G; Leroy, N; Libersa, JC; Penel, G, )	0.13
" The enhanced buoyancy and sustained release properties of CaCO(3)-containing beads make them an excellent candidate for floating drug dosage systems (FDDS)."	( Preparation of alginate beads for floating drug delivery system: effects of CO(2) gas-forming agents. Choi, BY; Hwang, SJ; Park, HJ; Park, JB, 2002)	0.31
" Five different methods for dosing phosphate binders were determined."	( The renal dietitian's role in managing hyperphosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients: a national survey. Martin, CJ; Reams, SM, 2003)	0.32
" The simulation work found, with a high degree of confidence, that acid dosing was neither economical for pH control, nor had any real effect on the CaCO3 levels present in the reactor."	( Industrial applications of the IWA anaerobic digestion model No. 1 (ADM1). Batstone, DJ; Keller, J, 2003)	0.32
" The first experiments were undertaken to investigate the effect of zinc, copper and iron dosing on CaCO3 nucleation and precipitation."	( Calcium carbonate scale control, effect of material and inhibitors. Macadam, J; Parsons, SA, 2004)	0.32
" The extent of the induction period prior to the onset of precipitation was measured in a pilot plant simulating flow of concentrate solutions dosed with anti-scalants."	( Threshold scaling limits of RO concentrates flowing in a long waste disposal pipeline. Hasson, D; Hemo, I; Semiat, R; Zelmanov, G, 2004)	0.32
" Patients were divided into three groups (i): switched completely from a Ca-based binder to SH (complete switch); (ii) dosage of the Ca-based binder was reduced, and SH introduced (partial switch); and (iii) dosage of the Ca-based binder was not reduced and SH introduced (combination therapy)."	( Introduction to sevelamer hydrochloride and its clinical effects. Inaba, M; Nishizawa, Y; Shoji, T; Tabata, T; Tahara, H; Tsujimoto, Y, 2005)	0.33
" However, considering the calcium load, the excessive dosing of calcium carbonate must be avoided."	( [Treatment with phosphate binder (sevelamer hydrochloride, calcium carbonate) based on PTH]. Akatsuka, T; Fukazawa, S; Hashimoto, N; Koike, T; Mochizuki, T; Niida, Y; Sato, M; Tozawa, S; Yasuda, T, 2005)	0.33
" It was found that the removal of total solids from cutting and equalization process wastewaters was highest for the 100 ppm dosage of all chemicals used."	( Physico-chemical treatment of marble processing wastewater and the recycling of its sludge. Altun, S; Arslan, EI; Aslan, S; Ipek, U; Yazicioğlu, S, 2005)	0.33
" Sevelamer was considered, but a MEDLINE search revealed no pediatric dosing information."	( Sevelamer therapy for pediatric end-stage renal disease. Chicella, MF; Dice, JE; Storms, LE, 2006)	0.33
"Medicinal carbon (MC) tablets were prepared to obtain an oral dosage form that can be easily taken."	( Evaluation of binders in the preparation of medicinal carbon tablets by wet granule compression. Ito, A; Machida, Y; Onishi, H; Yamamoto, K, 2006)	0.33
" Friedman Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were performed to analyze the significance of difference in thyroxine dosing and TSH levels between the different phosphate binders."	( Effect of phosphate binders upon TSH and L-thyroxine dose in patients on thyroid replacement. Carter, TB; Dansby, LM; Diskin, CJ; Radcliff, L; Stokes, TJ, 2007)	0.34
" Sevelamer was also found to be associated with significantly higher dosing requirement of thyroid replacement than those on either calcium carbonate or calcium acetate (Z = -3."	( Effect of phosphate binders upon TSH and L-thyroxine dose in patients on thyroid replacement. Carter, TB; Dansby, LM; Diskin, CJ; Radcliff, L; Stokes, TJ, 2007)	0.34
" This study was conducted to observe the bone density of maintenance dialysis patients and to evaluate the clinical outcomes and safety of different administration dosage of salmon calcitonin to prevent osteoporosis in maintenance dialysis patients."	( Salmon calcitonin in prevention of osteoporosis in maintenance dialysis patients. Li, H; Wang, SX, 2008)	0.35
"Oral dosing with adenine induced CKD in rats in only 10 days."	( Vascular calcification and secondary hyperparathyroidism of severe chronic kidney disease and its relation to serum phosphate and calcium levels. Fujimori, A; Fukushima, S; Itoh, H; Mizukami, K; Nara, H; Okada, M; Sanagi, M; Takakura, K; Terai, K, 2009)	0.35
"These data suggest that rats dosed orally with adenine provide a more useful model for analysing calcium/phosphate homeostasis in severe CKD."	( Vascular calcification and secondary hyperparathyroidism of severe chronic kidney disease and its relation to serum phosphate and calcium levels. Fujimori, A; Fukushima, S; Itoh, H; Mizukami, K; Nara, H; Okada, M; Sanagi, M; Takakura, K; Terai, K, 2009)	0.35
" These systems provide an opportunity for the development of controlled release dosage forms with greater effectiveness in the treatment of chronic conditions."	( Fabrication and physical-chemical characterisation of polyelectrolyte microparticles: platform for controlled release of bioactives. Alany, RG; Sun, Y; Travas-Sejdic, J; Wen, J, 2009)	0.35
"05) as compared to a benchmark commercial desensitizing toothpaste containing 2% potassium ion, dosed as potassium nitrate, after two weeks, four weeks, and eight weeks of product use."	( Comparing the efficacy in reducing dentin hypersensitivity of a new toothpaste containing 8.0% arginine, calcium carbonate, and 1450 ppm fluoride to a benchmark commercial desensitizing toothpaste containing 2% potassium ion: an eight-week clinical study Bartolino, M; Costacurta, M; Cummins, D; Delgado, E; DeVizio, W; Dibart, S; Docimo, R; Mateo, LR; Maturo, P; Montesani, L; Zhang, YP, 2009)	0.35
" Medicare costs for 1895 dosed Medicare-primary-payer participants were evaluated."	( Economic evaluation of sevelamer versus calcium-based phosphate binders in hemodialysis patients: a secondary analysis using centers for Medicare & Medicaid services data. Fan, Q; Liu, J; St Peter, WL; Weinhandl, E, 2009)	0.35
"The present study was aimed at developing a soft chewable dosage form for calcium carbonate for nutraceutical application."	( Investigation of organoleptic characteristics in the development of soft chews of calcium carbonate as mineral supplement. Mishra, B; Sharma, G; Shukla, D, 2009)	0.35
" However no consistent differences between routes of administration, frequencies of dosing or vitamin D preparations have been demonstrated."	( Interventions for bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease. Craig, JC; Geary, DF; Hodson, EM, 2010)	0.36
" The gastro retentive dosage form of itiopride demonstrated significant antacid, anti-ulcer, and anti-GERD activity after 12 hours in comparison with the conventional dosage form."	( Evaluation of anti-GERD activity of gastro retentive drug delivery system of itopride hydrochloride. Goyal, AK; Panda, PK; Rath, G; Satapathy, T, 2010)	0.36
" Higher calcite dosage was found to be favorable for the prevention of P release from the sediments using the ABS."	( Evaluation of sediment capping with active barrier systems (ABS) using calcite/zeolite mixtures to simultaneously manage phosphorus and ammonium release. Lin, J; Zhan, Y; Zhu, Z, 2011)	0.37
" The initial pH of the solution, sorbent's dosage and grain size affected the removal efficiency of the heavy meals significantly, while the organic matter in mollusk shells affected the removal efficiency to a lesser extent."	( Biosorption of divalent Pb, Cd and Zn on aragonite and calcite mollusk shells. Du, Y; Lian, F; Zhu, L, 2011)	0.37
" The results of sorghum pot growth in both red and crimson acidic soil for 30 days indicated that adding the MFGDR at a dosage of 2 g kg(-1) in total soil weight would increase the growth rate of biomass by 24."	( Preparation of a modified flue gas desulphurization residue and its effect on pot sorghum growth and acidic soil amelioration. Li, Y; Shi, L; Tang, S; Xie, K; Xu, P, 2011)	0.37
" Thomas, Yoon-Nelson and dose-response models, predicted a maximum particle loading of 19mg/g."	( Mine water treatment with limestone for sulfate removal. Leão, VA; Lima, RM; Silva, AM, 2012)	0.68
" Change in serum LDL cholesterol level correlated inversely with sevelamer HCl dosage (P = 0."	( Effects of sevelamer hydrochloride on mortality, lipid abnormality and arterial stiffness in hemodialyzed patients: a propensity-matched observational study. Akita, W; Asai, T; Iimori, S; Ishigami, J; Kuwahara, M; Kuyama, T; Mori, Y; Ohnishi, T; Okado, T; Sasaki, S; Shikuma, S; Tajima, M; Takada, S; Tsukamoto, Y, 2012)	0.38
" Staged lime dosing (i."	( Antiscalant removal in accelerated desupersaturation of RO concentrate via chemically-enhanced seeded precipitation (CESP). Cohen, Y; McCool, BC; Rahardianto, A, 2012)	0.38
"LC effectively reduced the serum phosphate level (like CaC) and allowed the vitamin D analogue dosage to be increased without hypercalcemia in HD patients."	( Effect of lanthanum carbonate vs. calcium carbonate on serum calcium in hemodialysis patients: a crossover study. Chiyotanda, S; Fujimoto, S; Fukudome, K; Kitamura, K; Sato, Y; Toida, T; Yamada, K, 2012)	0.38
" For the higher dosage lower biomass production, lower yield of essential oil as well as the lowest content of citral (citral chemotype) and limonene (menthene chemotype) was observed."	( Effect of different liming levels on the biomass production and essential oil extraction yield of Cunila galioides Benth. Barros, IB; Cansian, RL; Echeverrigaray, S; Mossi, AJ; Oliveira, JV; Paroul, N; Pauletti, GF; Rota, L, 2012)	0.38
" At the same dosage applied, PDADMAC resulted in a higher adsorption of lignocelluloses on PCC than CPAM did due to its higher charge density."	( Improving the adsorption of lignocelluloses of prehydrolysis liquor on precipitated calcium carbonate. Fatehi, P; Hamdan, FC; Ni, Y; Shen, J, 2013)	0.39
" Patients were given dosage of LA in addition to, or instead of, co-hyperphosphatemia treatments already being received."	( Study of prolonged administration of lanthanum carbonate in dialysis patients. Furui, H; Gotoh, J; Hattori, M; Horie, T; Iida, J; Kawamura, A; Kukita, K; Meguro, J; Onodera, K; Tamaki, T; Tsuchihashi, S; Yonekawa, M, 2013)	0.39
"To examine the efficacy of long-term administration of lanthanum carbonate, changes in serum Ca, phosphate, whole parathyroid hormone (wPTH), and ALP were examined in 40 patients who were able to tolerate dosage of lanthanum carbonate over a continuous period of 24 months."	( Efficacy of continuous oral administration of lanthanum carbonate over 24 months. Hong, Z; Ishizu, T; Kaneko, Y; Matsunaga, T; Taru, Y, 2013)	0.39
" The dosage of vitamin D and cinacalcet remained without significant change."	( Improvement of MBD parameters in dialysis patients by a switch to, and combined use of lanthanum carbonate: Josai Dialysis Forum collaborative study. Ando, R; Chida, Y; Shinoda, T; Suzuki, T; Tagawa, H; Takagi, M; Tanaka, Y; Yamasaki, M, 2013)	0.39
"Oral dosage forms--based on the new pharmaceutical excipient FCC--can be designed to have a short disintegration time combined with good mechanical strength."	( Functionalized calcium carbonate as a novel pharmaceutical excipient for the preparation of orally dispersible tablets. Alles, R; Di Maiuta, N; Gerard, DE; Huwyler, J; Puchkov, M; Stirnimann, T, 2013)	0.39
" A rotating cylinder system which is known to provide well controlled mass transfer conditions is used to determine the scaling rate of a supersaturated solution dosed with various feed concentrations of an anti-scalant."	( Rotating cylinder technique for assessing the effectiveness of anti-scalants. Hasson, D; Semiat, R; Shemer, H; Zaslavschi, I, 2013)	0.39
" Experiments were conducted with different contact times, various initial concentrations, initial solution pH and serial biosorbent dosage to examine the dynamic characterization of the adsorption and its influence on Cd uptake capacity."	( Dynamic behaviour of Cd2+ adsorption in equilibrium batch studies by CaCO3(-)-rich Corbicula fluminea shell. Aris, AZ; Ismail, FA; Latif, PA, 2014)	0.4
" The proper dosage of the powerful bioactive molecule is still under discussion and needs to be investigated further."	( Silk fibroin-based complex particles with bioactive encrustation for bone morphogenetic protein 2 delivery. Abbah, SA; Goh, JC; Li, J; Saran, K; Shi, P; Wong, HK; Zhang, Y, 2013)	0.39
" marked tensile strength and porosity), FCC promises to be suitable for the preparation of solid dosage forms."	( Compaction of functionalized calcium carbonate, a porous and crystalline microparticulate material with a lamellar surface. Alles, R; Atria, S; Gane, PA; Huwyler, J; Puchkov, M; Schoelkopf, J; Stirnimann, T, 2014)	0.4
"Gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) play an important role in the delivery of drug substances to the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract; they offer a possibility to overcome the limited gastric residence time of conventional dosage forms."	( Floating gastroretentive drug delivery systems: Comparison of experimental and simulated dissolution profiles and floatation behavior. Alles, R; Eberle, VA; Gane, PA; Huwyler, J; Puchkov, M; Schoelkopf, J, 2014)	0.4
"United States Pharmacopeia (USP) dissolution methods are of limited usefulness for evaluating floating behavior and drug release of floating dosage forms."	( Floating gastroretentive drug delivery systems: Comparison of experimental and simulated dissolution profiles and floatation behavior. Alles, R; Eberle, VA; Gane, PA; Huwyler, J; Puchkov, M; Schoelkopf, J, 2014)	0.4
"Floating dosage forms based on FCC appear promising."	( Floating gastroretentive drug delivery systems: Comparison of experimental and simulated dissolution profiles and floatation behavior. Alles, R; Eberle, VA; Gane, PA; Huwyler, J; Puchkov, M; Schoelkopf, J, 2014)	0.4
" In this study, of 22 patients on maintenance dialysis who had been administered calcium (Ca) carbonate in our hospital, we investigated the dosage amount of vitamin D3 preparations after the phosphorus (P) binder was switched from Ca carbonate to the newly developed lanthanum carbonate (LC)."	( Increase in the dosage amount of vitamin D3 preparations by switching from calcium carbonate to lanthanum carbonate. Hida, M; Hyodo, T; Ishii, D; Iwamura, M; Kawakami, J; Kurata, Y; Mikami, N; Wakai, H; Yoshida, K, 2014)	0.4
" Batch studies were carried out in a pipe reactor and showed that the rate of Fe²⁺ oxidation depended on the Fe²⁺ concentration, oxygen pressure, amount of recycled sludge, limestone dosage and the mixing rate."	( Treatment of iron(II)-rich acid mine water with limestone and oxygen. Maree, JP; Mohajane, GB; Panichev, N, 2014)	0.85
", CaCO3, CaSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4), showing an average scale inhibition ratio of above 90% at a dosage of 10 mg/L."	( Study on polyepoxysuccinic acid reverse osmosis scale inhibitor. Sun, Y; Wang, Y; Xiang, W, 2009)	0.35
" Under the water with hardness 500-1200 mg/L, alkalinity 1000 mg/L, and dosage of PESA 31."	( Inhibition and dispersion of polyepoxysuccinate as a scale inhibitor. Sun, Y; Wang, Y; Zhou, X, 2011)	0.37
" Following 5 months of feeding, all pigs were dosed intravenously with (41)Ca, a rare isotope that can be measured in serum and tissues at a sensitivity of 10(-18) mol/L by accelerator mass spectrometry."	( Effect of High-Calcium Diet on Coronary Artery Disease in Ossabaw Miniature Swine With Metabolic Syndrome. Alloosh, M; Bahls, M; Jackson, G; Martin, BR; McKenney-Drake, ML; Newcomer, SC; Phillips-Eakley, AK; Radcliffe, JS; Sturek, M; Van Alstine, WG; Wastney, ME; Weaver, CM, 2015)	0.42
" Porous composite PDLLA/CaCO3 carriers were fabricated as slow release carriers and loaded with rhBMP2 and rhVEGF165 in 10 different dosage combinations using gas foaming with supercritical carbon dioxide."	( Continuous delivery of rhBMP2 and rhVEGF165 at a certain ratio enhances bone formation in mandibular defects over the delivery of rhBMP2 alone--An experimental study in rats. Annen, T; Backhaus, S; Epple, M; Lohse, N; Moser, N; Schliephake, H, 2015)	0.42
" However, no consistent differences between routes of administration, frequencies of dosing or vitamin D preparations were demonstrated."	( Interventions for metabolic bone disease in children with chronic kidney disease. Craig, JC; Hahn, D; Hodson, EM, 2015)	0.42
" As health systems seek to implement this new intervention, a number of issues require further clarification and guidance, including dosage regimen, supplement formulation, and alignment with other antenatal nutritional interventions."	( Calcium Supplementation to Prevent Preeclampsia: Translating Guidelines into Practice in Low-Income Countries. De Regil, LM; Dickin, KL; Neufeld, LM; O'Brien, KO; Omotayo, MO; Stoltzfus, RJ, 2016)	0.43
"21 at starch dosage of 1% (on the basis of the dry weight of papermaking stock)."	( Coaggregation of mineral filler particles and starch granules as a basis for improving filler-fiber interaction in paper production. Chen, W; Fan, J; Li, T; Qian, X; Shen, J; Shu, J; Wang, Q; Wei, H, 2016)	0.43
" The presented FCC-PCL composite mixture has the potential to become a successful tool to formulate controlled-release dosage solid forms."	( Characterization of new functionalized calcium carbonate-polycaprolactone composite material for application in geometry-constrained drug release formulation development. Huwyler, J; Puchkov, M; Schoelkopf, J; Wagner-Hattler, L, 2017)	0.46
"50 mmol/L) by titrating calcium carbonate using a dosing nomogram."	( Two phosphAte taRGets in End-stage renal disease Trial (TARGET): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Bosch, J; Gao, P; Garg, AX; Girard, L; Manns, BJ; Mazzetti, A; Parfrey, P; Rabbat, CG; Rathe-Skafel, A; Smyth, A; Tennankore, K; Tyrwhitt, J; Wald, R; Walsh, M; Yan, AT, 2017)	0.46
" Expression of AP and Runx2 showed significant differences among the three dosage groups."	( Do we need retarded delivery of bone growth factors in facial bone repair? An experimental study in rats. Epple, M; Golstein, J; Kauffmann, P; Lohse, N; Moser, N; Schliephake, H; Sven, B, 2017)	0.46
" These findings lead to the conclusion that FCC is applicable to use in ODT dosage forms and mouthfeel was successfully enhanced to a pleasant result without losing the unique characteristics of FCC."	( In vitro characterization and mouthfeel study of functionalized calcium carbonate in orally disintegrating tablets. Huwyler, J; Puchkov, M; Schoelkopf, J; Wagner-Hattler, L; Wyss, K, 2017)	0.46
" The effects of dosage of flocculant aids on the pH, color and electrical conductivity of wastewater were studied."	( Reduction dye in paint and construction chemicals wastewater by improved coagulation-flocculation process. Ennil Bektaş, T, 2017)	0.46
"Heckel analysis is a widely used method for the characterisation of the compression behaviour of pharmaceutical samples during the preparation of solid dosage formulations."	( Investigating elastic relaxation effects on the optical properties of functionalised calcium carbonate compacts using optics-based Heckel analysis. Bawuah, P; Gane, P; Karttunen, AP; Ketolainen, J; Korhonen, O; Markl, D; Peiponen, KE; Ridgway, C; Zeitler, JA, 2018)	0.48
"Tablets for oral suspension (TOS) present a convenient alternative dosage form to conventional tablets."	( Stability investigation of FCC-based tablets for oral suspension with caffeine and oxantel pamoate as model drugs. Huwyler, J; Puchkov, M; Schoelkopf, J; Wagner-Hattler, L, 2019)	0.51
" However, these analyses suggest the need to explore more deeply into subsets of PCBs as risk factors based on their function and structure in larger cohort studies where non-monotonic dose-response patterns can be better evaluated."	( Polychlorinated biphenyls influence on autism spectrum disorder risk in the MARBLES cohort. Granillo, L; Iosif, AM; Keil, KP; Lin, Y; Ozonoff, S; Puschner, B; Schmidt, RJ; Sethi, S, 2019)	0.51
" These hybrid crystals provide a sustained dosage of the entrapped agent."	( Retinoic acid/calcite micro-carriers inserted in fibrin scaffolds modulate neuronal cell differentiation. Barbalinardo, M; Biscarini, F; Calvaresi, M; Di Giosia, M; Falini, G; Fermani, S; Magnabosco, G; Pellegrini, G; Pokroy, B; Polishchuk, I; Valle, F; Zerbetto, F, 2019)	0.51
" Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the influences of various experimental parameters like the dosage of CT, reaction time, initial concentration of Cu, and anion species."	( Removal of Cu(II) from wastewater by using mechanochemically activated carbonate-based tailings through chemical precipitation. Bao, S; Song, S; Wen, T; Xiong, B; Zhang, Q; Zhang, T; Zhao, Y, 2019)	0.51
" Rice Cd uptake was significantly reduced when moderate dosage (2."	( Inconsistent effects of limestone on rice cadmium uptake: Results from multi-scale field trials and large-scale investigation. Chang, AC; Chen, W; Li, Y; Wang, M; Yang, W; Yang, Y, 2020)	0.87
" The dosage was reported to be approximately 1,800 mg of elemental calcium each day which would constitute only a marginal increase on the recommended intake for daily elemental calcium."	( Lessons of the month: Over-the-counter antacids causing hypercalcaemia: The emergence of calcium-alkali syndrome. Jones, S; Maarouf, A, 2020)	0.56
", questionnaire survey, exposure measurement, and dosage calculation."	( Occupational exposure to particulate matter during blackboard teaching and its deposition in the airways of human lungs. Sekar, A; Varghese, GK; Varma, RMK, 2021)	0.62
"The purpose of this study was to compare varying concentrations of NCX 470 (a nitric oxide-donating bimatoprost) to latanoprost in a dose-response safety and efficacy trial."	( A Randomized, Controlled Comparison of NCX 470 (0.021%, 0.042%, and 0.065%) and Latanoprost 0.005% in Patients With Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: The Dolomites Study. Boyer, JL; Duquesroix, B; Fechtner, RD; Kothe, AC; Lopez, K; Navratil, T; Usner, DW; Walters, TR, 2022)	0.72
" Phytase dose-response was analyzed by curve fitting."	( Effect of limestone solubility on mineral digestibility and bone ash in nursery pigs fed diets containing graded level of inorganic phosphorus or increasing dose of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant. Dersjant-Li, Y; Kumar, A; Marchal, L; Velayudhan, DE, 2022)	1.12
" We designed a novel particulate system for the encapsulation and intrafollicular delivery of griseofulvin (Gf) antifungal drug, which is water-insoluble and currently commercially available in oral dosage forms."	( CaCO Abalymov, AA; Ermakov, AV; Lengert, EV; Pavlov, AM; Prikhozhdenko, ES; Saveleva, MS; Shtykov, SN; Svenskaya, YI; Verkhovskii, RA, 2022)	0.72
" It facilitates elegant methods of identification for oral solid dosage forms, thus aiding in the battle against counterfeit products."	( The Role of Titanium Dioxide (E171) and the Requirements for Replacement Materials in Oral Solid Dosage Forms: An IQ Consortium Working Group Review. Blundell, R; Butterworth, P; Charlier, A; Daurio, D; Degenhardt, M; Hancock, B; Harris, D; Johnston, M; Kasina, R; Kaye, J; Kelly, R; Lienbacher, P; Meehan, L; Melnick, J; Ojakovo, P; Schimmelle, B; Schoell, J; Tobyn, M; Wagner-Hattler, L; Wakeman, J; Wiedey, R, 2022)	0.72
" Columns were dosed with experimentally generated BFS leachate and operated under residence times of 7 and 14 days."	( Bioreactor media for treatment of slag leachate. Hunter, JG; Kang, DH, 2022)	0.72
" The findings highlight that phytase dose-response effects on mineral digestibility and utilization are different for high- and low-solubility limestones, and it is therefore recommended to use digestible rather than total Ca content during diet formulation to ensure an optimal balance of Ca and P, especially in low-Ca diets."	( Effects of limestone solubility on the efficacy of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant to improve mineral digestibility, retention, and bone ash in young broilers fed low-calcium diets containing no added inorganic phosphate. Bello, A; Dersjant-Li, Y; Kwakernaak, C, 2022)	1.31
" The results showed that CaO was the best additive among the six tested, with an optimum dosage of 5%."	( Synergistic mechanism and application of microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and inorganic additives for passivation of heavy metals in copper-nickel tailings. He, Z; Jin, Z; Pan, X; Wang, W; Xu, Y; Yang, X; Zhang, D, 2023)	0.91
" The three metal ion dosage tests showed that the dispersion behavior of calcite became poorer with the increase of metal ion dosage."	( Study on the Influence of Metal Ions on the Dispersion of Fine Calcium Gangue Minerals. Jin, C; Liao, Y; Liu, J; Liu, Z; Ma, Z, 2022)	0.72
" Recently, we have designed a novel topical formulation for griseofulvin (Gf) drug, which is currently commercially available in oral dosage forms due to its limited skin permeation."	( Cytotoxicity, Dermal Toxicity, and In Vivo Antifungal Effect of Griseofulvin-Loaded Vaterite Carriers Administered via Sonophoresis. Bosak, IA; Bucharskaya, AB; Kozlova, AA; Lengert, EV; Makarkin, MA; Mylnikov, AM; Navolokin, NA; Saveleva, MS; Svenskaya, YI; Terentyuk, GS; Vasilyeva, NV; Verkhovskii, RA, 2023)	0.91
" After three days in the hospital, the patient's initial symptoms subsided, resulting in discharge with a prescription of ongoing oral medications including Calcium Carbonate and Vitamin D3 Tablets, Calcitriol Soft Capsules, and Potassium Aspartate and Magnesium Aspartate Tablets, with the same usage and dosage as the above three drugs."	( Hypomagnesemia with Secondary Hypocalcemia (HSH): a Case Report. Jiang, Z; Lin, Y; Zhao, C, 2023)	0.91
" This method overcomes various shortcomings of the reported hydroxylamine removal technologies that require a large material dosage and high cost."	( Efficient transformation of hydroxylamine from wastewater after supplementation with sodium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate. Chen, M; He, T; Liang, X; Wang, C; Zheng, C, 2023)	0.91

Product Category	Products
Vitamins & Supplements	57
Active Lifestyle & Fitness	29
Pet Supplies	72
Professional Supplements	12
Beauty & Personal Care	68
Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	3
Household Essentials	2
Weight Management	14
Baby & Kids Products	20
Food & Beverages	22

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
American Health Ester-C Effervescent Plus Electrolytes Natural Orange -- 1000 mg - 21 Packets	American Health	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Chloride, Chromium, Folic Acid, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Juiced Aminos Grape -- 30 Servings	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Betaine Anhydrous, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, L-Isoleucine, Calcium Carbonate, L-Phenylalanine, Sodium Bicarbonate, L-Taurine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Cherry Bomb -- 30 Servings	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Fruit Punch -- 14.7 oz	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pak Ultimate Foundation Powder Orange Crushed -- 14.5 oz	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Vitamin C, Betaine Anhydrous, Biotin, dicalcium phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, L-Glutamine, L-Histidine, Inositol, Iodine, L-Isoleucine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, L-Taurine, Thiamin, L-Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pre Workout Primal Powder Fruit Punch -- 17.9 oz	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Theacrine, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Caffeine Anhydrous, Choline, Calcium Carbonate, Sodium Bicarbonate, L-Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal Pre Workout Primal Powder Strawberry Watermelon -- 17.9 oz	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Theacrine, Beta-Alanine, Betaine Anhydrous, Caffeine Anhydrous, Choline, Calcium Carbonate, Sodium Bicarbonate, L-Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ark Naturals Brushless Toothpaste Chewables Large Dogs 40-80 Lbs -- 18 oz	Ark Naturals	Pet Supplies	citric acid, dicalcium phosphate, citric acid, glycerin, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ark Naturals Protection + Brushless Toothpaste Dental Chews Mini Dog 8 lbs - Mini	Ark Naturals	Pet Supplies	citric acid, dicalcium phosphate, citric acid, glycerin, Calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Arm & Hammer Cat + Kitten Complete Care Dental Kit 3 Piece Kit Tuna -- 1 Kit	Arm & Hammer	Pet Supplies	glycerin, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Arm & Hammer Complete Care Enzymatic Toothpaste for Dogs Chicken -- 6.2 oz	Arm & Hammer	Pet Supplies	calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Arm & Hammer CompleteCare Dog Dental Kit Chicken -- 1 Kit	Arm & Hammer	Pet Supplies	calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, Sorbitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Arthur Andrew Medical Inc. Devigest Advanced Digestive Support -- 180 Capsules	Arthur Andrew Medical Inc.	Professional Supplements	Calcium Carbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Avalon Organics Vitamin C Cleansing Gel -- 6 fl oz	Avalon Organics	Beauty & Personal Care	glyceryl oleate, orange, citric acid, ascorbyl glucoside, ascorbic acid, benzyl alcohol, bisabolol, calcium ascorbate, citric acid, decyl glucoside, glycerin, calcium carbonate, sodium benzoate, sodium sulfate, squalane	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioSchwartz Garcinia Cambogia -- 1500 mg - 90 Veggie Caps	BioSchwartz	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	Calcium Carbonate, Potassium Chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Clean Age Toothpaste Tabs Mint -- 62 Tabs	Clean Age	Beauty & Personal Care	kaolin, calcium carbonate, limonene, menthol, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate, Sorbitol, stevioside	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Country Life Chewable Cal-Snack Vanilla Orange -- 120 Wafers	Country Life	Vitamins & Supplements	calcium citrate, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Davids kids+adults Strawberry+Watermelon Toothpaste -- 5.25 oz	Davids	Beauty & Personal Care	Calcium carbonate, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Davids Premium Toothpaste Herbal Citrus Mint -- 5.25 oz	Davids	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, Calcium carbonate, menthol, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Davids Premium Toothpaste Peppermint -- 5.25 oz	Davids	Beauty & Personal Care	Calcium carbonate, wintergreen, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Davids Premium Toothpaste Peppermint & Charcoal -- 5.25 oz	Davids	Beauty & Personal Care	Calcium carbonate, wintergreen, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Davids Premium Toothpaste Spearmint -- 5.25 oz	Davids	Beauty & Personal Care	Calcium carbonate, wintergreen, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Davids Sensitive + Whitening with Nano-Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste Peppermint -- 5.25 oz	Davids	Beauty & Personal Care	hydroxyapatite, Calcium carbonate, wintergreen, stevia, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Activated Charcoal Toothpaste Fresh Mint -- 6.25 oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium ascorbate, coenzyme Q10, glycerin, Calcium carbonate, wintergreen, phytic acid, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate, ubiquinone	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Aloe & Tea Tree Oil Toothpaste Peppermint -- 6.25 oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium ascorbate, glycerin, Calcium carbonate, phytic acid, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Arnica & Tea Tree Oil Toothpaste Wintergreen -- 6.25 oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium ascorbate, glycerin, Calcium carbonate, wintergreen, phytic acid, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Coconut Oil Toothpaste -- 6.25 oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium ascorbate, glycerin, Calcium carbonate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Natural Neem Toothpaste Cinnamint -- 6.25 oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	chamomile, calcium ascorbate, goldenseal, glycerin, Calcium carbonate, menthol, phytic acid, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Natural Tea Tree Oil Toothpaste Fennel -- 6.25 oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, Calcium carbonate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Natural Tea Tree Oil Toothpaste Mint -- 6.25 oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, Calcium carbonate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Prebiotic Plant-Based Toothpaste Mint -- 6.25 oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	vitamin C, calcium ascorbate, glycerin, Calcium carbonate, phytic acid, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Tea Tree Oil and Neem Toothpaste Wintergreen -- 6.25 oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, Calcium carbonate, wintergreen, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Desert Essence Ultra Care Toothpaste Tea Tree Oil Mega Mint -- 6.25 oz	Desert Essence	Beauty & Personal Care	chamomile, vitamin C, calcium ascorbate, goldenseal, glycerin, Calcium carbonate, menthol, phytic acid, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Cal-Mag Plus -- 90 Tablets	Deva	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Boron, calcium carbonate, citrate, citrate, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Deva Vegan Multivitamin & Mineral Supplement -- 90 Coated Tablets	Deva	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Beta Carotene, Betaine HCL, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Rutin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eco-dent DailyCare Toothpowder Anise -- 2 oz	Eco-dent	Beauty & Personal Care	dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, menthol, Sodium bicarbonate, tartaric acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eco-dent DailyCare Toothpowder Cinnamon -- 2 oz	Eco-dent	Beauty & Personal Care	Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Menthol, Sodium Bicarbonate, Tartaric Acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eco-dent DailyCare Toothpowder Lemon Lime -- 2 oz	Eco-dent	Beauty & Personal Care	Citric Acid, Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate, Citric Acid, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone, Sodium Bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eco-dent DailyCare Toothpowder Original Mint -- 2 oz	Eco-dent	Beauty & Personal Care	Anethole, Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Menthol, Sodium Bicarbonate, Tartaric Acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Eco-dent Extrabrite Baking Soda Toothpowder Dazzling Mint -- 2 oz	Eco-dent	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium peroxide, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate, tartaric acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ECOS Cream Cleanser Heavy Duty Scrub Lemon -- 17 fl oz	ECOS	Household Essentials	calcium carbonate, phenoxyethanol, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emergen-C Immune Plus Triple Action Immune Support Super Orange -- 30 Packets	Emergen-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, monobasic calcium phosphate, Vitamin D3, Chromium, tribasic calcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium carbonate, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Emergen-C Vitamin C Fizzy Drink Mix Pink Lemonade -- 1000 mg - 30 Packets	Emergen-C	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, calcium pantothenate, monobasic calcium phosphate, Chromium, tribasic calcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, Riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, Thiamin, Vitamin B12	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Essential Oxygen BR Tooth Polish Peppermint -- 2 oz	Essential Oxygen	Beauty & Personal Care	Calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fruitables Bioactive Fresh Mouth Dental Dog Chews 10.8 oz - Medium	Fruitables	Pet Supplies	citric acid, citric acid, powdered cellulose, calcium carbonate, Max	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fruitables BioActive Fresh Mouth Dental Dog Chews 7.3 oz - Small	Fruitables	Pet Supplies	citric acid, citric acid, powdered cellulose, calcium carbonate, max	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Fruitables BioActive® Complete Joint Care Dog Treats -- 6 oz	Fruitables	Pet Supplies	calcium carbonate, max, phosphoric acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Pressur-Lo® -- 270 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Chloride, Chromium, CoQ10, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Resveratrol, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Pressur-Lo™ -- 90 Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Chloride, Chromium, CoQ10, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Futurebiotics Relax and Sleep® -- 60 Vegetarian Tablets	Futurebiotics	Vitamins & Supplements	dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Get Naked Natural Dental Stick Adult Dog Treats Calming Health Chicken - Large	Get Naked	Pet Supplies	citric acid, chamomile, citric acid, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Get Naked Natural Dental Stick Adult Dog Treats Senior Health Chicken - Large	Get Naked	Pet Supplies	citric acid, citric acid, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Get Naked Natural Dental Stick Adult Dog Treats Senior Health Chicken - Small	Get Naked	Pet Supplies	citric acid, citric acid, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Rice Fiber First -- 180 Caplets	Greens First	Weight Management	calcium carbonate, Methyl Cellulose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Holistic Dry Cat Food Sensitive Stomach Support Wild-Caught Whitefish Recipe -- 6 lb	Halo	Pet Supplies	d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, Max, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Holistic Dry Dog Food Vegan Superfoods Plant-Based Recipe -- 3.5 lbs	Halo	Pet Supplies	biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, copper sulfate, iron sulfate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin A acetate, taurine, ergocalciferol, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Cat Food Pate Turkey Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12	Halo	Pet Supplies	biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Cat Food Pate Grain-Free Salmon Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12	Halo	Pet Supplies	biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Cat Food Pate Grain-Free Turkey & Duck Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12	Halo	Pet Supplies	biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Cat Food Pate Grain-Free Turkey Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12	Halo	Pet Supplies	biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Vegan Non-GMO Vegetables Plant-Based Recipe -- 13 oz Each / Pack of 12	Halo	Pet Supplies	biotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, sodium selenite, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Halo Wet Dog Food Vegan Non-GMO Vegetables Plant-Based Recipe -- 5.5 oz Each / Pack of 12	Halo	Pet Supplies	biotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Superfood Puffs Crawling Baby Snack Kale & Spinach -- 2.1 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, cholecalciferol, choline, Vitamin E, ferric pyrophosphate, Folate, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, vitamin B5, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Baby Organic Superfood Puffs Crawling Baby Snack Purple Carrot & Blueberry -- 2.1 oz	Happy Baby	Baby & Kids Products	DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, cholecalciferol, choline, Vitamin E, ferric pyrophosphate, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, vitamin B5, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Thiamin, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Tot Organic Fiber & Protein Oat Bar 2+ Years Apples & Spinach -- 5 Bars	Happy Tot	Baby & Kids Products	calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Tot Organic Fiber & Protein Oat Bar 2+ Years Bananas & Carrots -- 5 Bars	Happy Tot	Baby & Kids Products	calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Tot Organic Super Foods Oat Bar 2+ Years Banana Strawberry & Sunflower Butter -- 5 Bars	Happy Tot	Baby & Kids Products	calcium carbonate, baking soda	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Happy Tot Organic Super Foods Oat Bar 2+ Years Blueberries & Oatmeal -- 5 Bars	Happy Tot	Baby & Kids Products	ascorbic acid, calcium carbonate, baking soda	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Heaven Sent Wellgenix Balanced Essentials + Plus Liquid Vitamins Berry -- 32 fl oz	Heaven Sent	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Antimony, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Kelp, Barium, Beryllium, Biotin, Bismuth, Boron, Bromide, Omega 3, Cerium, Cesium, Chromium, citric acid, Cobalt, Cystine, Vitamin E, fructose, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Fluoride, Folate, Gadolinium, Gallium, Vitamin E, Glycine, Gold, Hafnium, Histidine, Holmium, Inositol, Iodine, Iodine, Isoleucine, Lanthanum, Leucine, Calcium Carbonate, Lithium, Lutetium, Lysine, Manganese, Methionine, Molybdenum, Neodymium, Niacin, Nickel, Niobium, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Praseodymium, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Rhenium, Riboflavin, Rubidium, Samarium, Scandium, Selenium, Serine, Silicon, Silver, Strontium, Tantalum, Tellurium, Terbium, Thallium, Thiamin, Thorium, Threonine, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Tryptophan, Tungsten, Tyrosine, Valine, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Ytterbium, Yttrium, Zirconium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Antiplaque & Whitening Fluoride Free Toothpaste Natural Peppermint -- 4.7 oz	Hello	Beauty & Personal Care	erythritol, calcium carbonate, rebaudioside a, sodium bicarbonate, sorbitol, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Hello Naturally Whitening Fluoride Toothpaste -- 4.7 oz	Hello	Beauty & Personal Care	cocamidopropyl betaine, glycerin, calcium carbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, titanium dioxide, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Plastic Free Rosemary & Mint -- 2.65 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, MCT, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Plastic Free Bergamot & Ginger -- 2.65 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, citral, citronellol, MCT, linalool, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Plastic Free Moroccan Rose -- 2.65 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	geranium, MCT, citronellol, geraniol, MCT, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Plastic Free Palo Santo & Frankincense -- 2.65 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, MCT, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Plastic Free Patchouli & Copal -- 2.65 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, MCT, linalool, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Plastic Free Vegan & Sensitive Skin Simply Unscented -- 2.65 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Plastic Free Vegan & Sensitive Skin Mountain Lavender -- 2.65 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Vegan & Sensitive Skin Formula Bergamot & Ginger -- 2.5 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, citral, geraniol, MCT, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Vegan & Sensitive Skin Formula Moroccan Rose -- 2.5 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	geranium, MCT, citronellol, geraniol, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Vegan & Sensitive Skin Formula Palo Santo & Frankincense -- 2.5 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Vegan & Sensitive Skin Formula Patchouli & Copal -- 2.5 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, MCT, linalool	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Humble Brands Deodorant Vegan & Sensitive Skin Formula Vanilla & Cardamon -- 2.5 oz	Humble Brands	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Baaad Moooon on the Rise Wet Dog Food Variety Pack Beef & Lamb -- 13 oz Can / Pack of 6	I and Love and You	Pet Supplies	Biotin, D-Calcium Pantothenate, Choline Chloride, Calcium Carbonate, Sodium Phosphate, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Iodide, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Sodium Selenite, Tricalcium Phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Beef Right Meow Wet Cat Food Beef Recipe -- 3 oz Can / Pack of 24	I and Love and You	Pet Supplies	biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Double Dog Deer Moo Wet Dog Food Variety Pack Beef & Venison -- 13 oz Can / Pack of 6	I and Love and You	Pet Supplies	Biotin, D-Calcium Pantothenate, Choline Chloride, Calcium Carbonate, Sodium Phosphate, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Iodide, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Sodium Selenite, Tricalcium Phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Farm to Sea Feast Pate Wet Cat Food Variety Pack Beef Salmon Turkey -- 3 oz Can / Pack of 12	I and Love and You	Pet Supplies	biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, chloride, choline, folic acid, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Flew the Coop Wet Dog Food Variety Pack Chicken & Turkey -- 13 oz Can / Pack of 6	I and Love and You	Pet Supplies	biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite	2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Dry Cat Food Chicken + Duck -- 3.4 lbs	I and Love and You	Pet Supplies	biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, Vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Linoleic, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin A, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Dry Cat Food Salmon + Trout -- 3.4 lbs	I and Love and You	Pet Supplies	Biotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline Chloride, Copper Sulfate, Vitamin E, Ferrous Sulfate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Calcium Carbonate, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Sodium Selenite, Taurine, Zinc Sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Dry Dog Food Duck & Chicken -- 11 lbs	I and Love and You	Pet Supplies	Biotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Choline Chloride, Copper Sulfate, Vitamin E, Ferrous Sulfate, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Calcium Carbonate, Potassium Chloride, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Sodium Selenite, Zinc Sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Naked Essentials Dry Dog Food Lamb + Bison -- 11 lbs	I and Love and You	Pet Supplies	d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, folic acid, Vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite	2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Ninja Cat Jiu Jit Stew Wet Cat Food Variety Pack Chicken Salmon Tuna -- 3 oz Can / Pack of 12	I and Love and You	Pet Supplies	biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
I and Love and You Nude Super Food Dry Cat Food Poultry a Plenty -- 5 lb	I and Love and You	Pet Supplies	biotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, calcium carbonate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Immi Ramen Soup Plant-Based Pouch Black Garlic Chicken -- 2.43 oz	Immi	Food & Beverages	calcium carbonate, potassium chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Immi Ramen Soup Plant-Based Pouch Creamy Chicken -- 2.4 oz	Immi	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Immi Ramen Soup Plant-Based Pouch Roasted Pork Tonkotsu -- 2.4 oz	Immi	Food & Beverages	agar, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Immi Ramen Soup Plant-Based Pouch Spicy Beef -- 2.4 oz	Immi	Food & Beverages	calcium carbonate, potassium chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Immi Ramen Soup Plant-Based Pouch Spicy Red Miso -- 2.4 oz	Immi	Food & Beverages	calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, sugar	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Immi Ramen Soup Plant-Based Pouch Tom Yum Shrimp -- 2.4 oz	Immi	Food & Beverages	citric acid, citric acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Brain Awake Max3™ + Nitric Oxide Booster -- 60 Liquid Softgels	Irwin Naturals	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	MCT, Acetyl L-Carnitine, annatto, glycerin, MCT, maltodextrin, mannitol, Vitamin B6, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Irwin Naturals Prosta-Strong RED™ -- 80 Liquid Softgels	Irwin Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	MCT, annatto, glycerin, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason C Effects Powered By Ester-C Creme -- 2 oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	allantoin, alpha-isomethyl ionone, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl salicylate, gluconolactone, bisabolol, calcium ascorbate, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, cinnamyl alcohol, citral, coumarin, coumarin, panthenol, glycerin, dimethicone, hexyl cinnamal, hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, calcium carbonate, limonene, linalool, phenoxyethanol, potassium hydroxide, sodium benzoate, stearic acid, thioctic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Kids Only! Toothpaste Strawberry -- 4.2 oz	Jason	Baby & Kids Products	panthenol, calcium carbonate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium sulfate, xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Simply Coconut Soothing Toothpaste Coconut Chamomile -- 4.2 oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Simply Coconut Strengthening Toothpaste Coconut Mint -- 4.2 oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Jason Simply Coconut Whitening Toothpaste Coconut Cream -- 4.2 oz	Jason	Beauty & Personal Care	ascorbic acid, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cocoyl glutamate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kabrita Goat Milk Toddler Formula 12-24 Months -- 14 oz	Kabrita	Baby & Kids Products	vitamin E acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, tri calcium citrate, calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, vitamin D3, choline chloride, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, inositol, Iodine, Lactose, L-carnitine, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, vitamin B6 hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, tri calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, vitamin K1, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Keto Wise Meal Replacement Shake Gold Chocolate Fudge Brownie -- 16.1 oz	Keto Wise	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Erythritol, Folate, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenium methionine, thiamine HCL, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Keto Wise Meal Replacement Shake Gold Creamy Peanut Butter -- 16.1 oz	Keto Wise	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Erythritol, Folate, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenium methionine, thiamine HCL, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Keto Wise Meal Replacement Shake Gold French Vanilla -- 16.1 oz	Keto Wise	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Erythritol, Folate, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine HCL, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, selenium methionine, thiamine HCL, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
King Arthur Baking Company Gluten Free All-Purpose Baking Mix -- 24 oz	King Arthur Baking Company	Food & Beverages	monocalcium phosphate, cellulose, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, vitamin B2, baking soda, thiamin hydrochloride, Thiamin, vitamin B1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Antioxidant - NSF Certified for Sport -- 90 Vegetarian Capsules	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, Alpha-Lipoic Acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Focus - NSF Certified for Sport -- 90 Vegetarian Capsules	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	Biotin, Alpha-GPC, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Alpha Lipoic Acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean-D - NSF Certified for Sport -- 5000 IU - 100 Tablets	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	Cellulose, Vitamin D3, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kyolic Kids Probiotic Kyo-Dophilus Vanilla -- 1 billion CFU - 60 Chewable Tablets	Kyolic	Vitamins & Supplements	dextrin, fructose, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lean1 Nutrition 53 Original Fat Burning Protein Shake Chocolate Peanut Butter -- 2 lbs	Lean1	Weight Management	lipase, DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper gluconate, Vitamin E, ferrous fumarate, Folate, Vitamin E, glutamine, Iodine, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenate, cane sugar, taurine, Thiamin, sucralose, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime All One Rice Base Multiple Vitamin & Mineral Powder Unflavored -- 2.2 lbs	Lifetime	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Kelp, Beta Carotene, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Potassium Iodide, Vitamin B6, Retinol Acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Thiamine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime Multiple Vitamin & Mineral Powder Unflavored -- 2.2 lbs	Lifetime	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Kelp, Biotin, Calcium Pantothenate, Dicalcium Phosphate, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D2, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Lifetime Quick Digest Digestive Enzymes with Plant Enzymes Pomegranate -- 90 Chewable Tablets	Lifetime	Vitamins & Supplements	Lipase, Cellulase, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Folic Acid B-6 & B-12 -- 90 Tablets	Mason Natural	Vitamins & Supplements	Folate, Microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, Vitamin B6, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Master Supplements Theralac TruFlora Probiotics & Enzymes -- 15 billion CFU - 32 Capsules	Master Supplements	Vitamins & Supplements	ascorbic acid, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, trisodium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mum-Mum Toddler Paw Patrol Snax Chickpea Crisps White Cheddar -- 2.12 oz	Mum-Mum	Baby & Kids Products	acetic acid, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, sodium citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mum-Mum Toddler Paw Patrol Wafer Sticks Banana & Strawberry -- 2.47 oz	Mum-Mum	Baby & Kids Products	calcium carbonate, Thiamin, vitamin b1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mum-Mum Toddler Paw Patrol Wafer Sticks White Cheddar Cheese -- 2.47 oz	Mum-Mum	Baby & Kids Products	acetic acid, lactic acid, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, sodium citrate, Thiamin, vitamin b1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
N-Bone Dental Rings Adult Dog Treats - 7 Rings Chicken -- 9.8 oz	N-Bone	Pet Supplies	citric acid, citric acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid, powdered cellulose, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
N-Bone Dental Rings Senior Dog Treats - 7 Rings Chicken -- 9.8 oz	N-Bone	Pet Supplies	citric acid, citric acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
N-Bone Flossta Dual Action Dental Dog Chews Beef Liver -- 6.4 oz - 8 Treats	N-Bone	Pet Supplies	citric acid, citric acid, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
N-Bone Flossta Dual Action Dental Dog Chews Chicken -- 6.4 oz - 8 Treats	N-Bone	Pet Supplies	citric acid, citric acid, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
N-Bone Flossta Dual Action Dental Dog Chews Mint -- 6.4 oz - 8 Treats	N-Bone	Pet Supplies	citric acid, citric acid, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
N-Bone Puppy Teething Rings Dog Treats Chicken -- 6 Treats	N-Bone	Pet Supplies	citric acid, citric acid, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
N-Bone Puppy Teething Rings Dog Treats Pumpkin -- 6 Treats	N-Bone	Pet Supplies	citric acid, citric acid, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
N-Bone Puppy Teething Sticks Dog Treat Pumpkin -- 3.74 oz	N-Bone	Pet Supplies	citric acid, citric acid, Docosahexaenoic Acid, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Care VeinGard Cream -- 2 oz	Natural Care	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	citric acid, ascorbyl palmitate, vitamin C, calcium lactate, carbomer, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, citric acid, vitamin E, methylsulfonylmethane, vitamin E, glyceryl stearate, glycerin, calcium carbonate, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nature Made Vitamin B-1 -- 100 mg - 100 Tablets	Nature Made	Vitamins & Supplements	calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Thiamin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo Organic Bars Dark Chocolate Almond -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, calcium carbonate, Vitamin A	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo Slim Bars Gluten Free Crunchy Peanut Butter -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, Vitamin A, cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo® Slim Bars Gluten Free Brownie Crunch -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, calcium carbonate, Vitamin A, cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition NuGo® Slim Bars Gluten Free Raspberry Truffle -- 12 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, calcium carbonate, Vitamin A, cane sugar, vanilla	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition Protein Bars Orange Smoothie -- 15 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Folate, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, palmitate, Phosphorus, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, cane sugar, Thiamin, vitamin B1, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Chocolate -- 15 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	d-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, Folic Acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, cane sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B-6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Coffee -- 15 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	D-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, folic acid, vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, cane sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B-6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NuGo Nutrition To Go Bars Peanut Butter Chocolate -- 15 Bars	NuGo Nutrition	Weight Management	d-alpha tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, fructose, folic acid, vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, sugar, Thiamin, cyanocobalamin, vitamin B-6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutriBiotic Multi Vitamins & Minerals -- 180 Capsules	NutriBiotic	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Vitamin C, Glucono delta lactone, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Inositol, calcium carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin B2, Selenium, montmorillonite, Thiamin, Vanadium, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutricost L-Lysine -- 1000 mg - 250 Capsules	Nutricost	Vitamins & Supplements	di-calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Immunity Hydration Single Tube Blueberry Tangerine -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, Selenium, sodium carbonate, ergocalciferol, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Cherry Limeade -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Fresh Lime -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Mango Orange -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Wild Berry -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Citrus Fruit -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Fruit Punch -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Grape -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Lemon Lime -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Tri-Berry -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Tropical Fruit -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, riboflavin, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Sport Hydration Single Tube Watermelon -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Citric acid, Chloride, Citric acid, calcium carbonate, malic acid, Potassium Bicarbonate, potassium chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, sodium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Blackberry Citrus -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins + Caffeine Hydration Single Tube Ginger Lemonade -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins Hydration Single Tube Grapefruit Orange -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins Hydration Single Tube Strawberry Melon -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
NUUN Vitamins Hydration Single Tube Tangerine Lime -- 10 Tablets	NUUN	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	citric acid, d-alpha tocopherol acetate, Vitamin C, Chloride, citric acid, Vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin E, calcium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, Vitamin B6, retinyl acetate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium carbonate, vitamin B6, ergocalciferol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
One-A-Day Mens 50 Plus Complete Multivitamin -- 65 Tablets	One-A-Day	Vitamins & Supplements	dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, cholecalciferol, Chromium, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Calcium carbonate, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium molybdate, sodium selenite, stearic acid, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, cyanocobalamin, Vitamin B6, phylloquinone, Vitamin K, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
One-A-Day Proactive 65+ Multivitamin for Men & Women -- 150 Tablets	One-A-Day	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, Biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, Chromium, copper sulfate, Folate, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, Manganese, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium selenite, stearic acid, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Women Multivitamin for Women -- 120 Capsules	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, Isoflavone, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, sodium selenate, citrate, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Optimum Nutrition Opti-Women Multivitamin for Women -- 60 Capsules	Optimum Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alpha-Carotene, Vitamin C, kelp, Biotin, Chromium, Cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Iodine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, potassium iodide, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, citrate, citrate, Thiamin, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K, Zeaxanthin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Planetary Herbals Calm Child™ -- 8 fl oz	Planetary Herbals	Vitamins & Supplements	Calcium Carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Inspire for Women Creamy Vanilla Bean -- 15.87 oz	PlantFusion	Vitamins & Supplements	Biotin, Calcium Citrate, Vitamin D3, Calcium Carbonate, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, reb a	2024-11-29 10:47:42
PlantFusion Inspire for Women Rich Chocolate -- 16.4 oz	PlantFusion	Vitamins & Supplements	Biotin, Calcium Citrate, Vitamin D3, Calcium Carbonate, Vitamin K2, Vitamin K2, reb a	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Serenity Kids Grain Free Puffs Broccoli & Spinach -- 6 Packs	Serenity Kids	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, Phosphorus, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Serenity Kids Grain Free Puffs Carrot & Beet -- 6 Packs	Serenity Kids	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, Phosphorus, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Serenity Kids Grain Free Puffs Cheddar & Cauliflower Spinach -- 6 Packs	Serenity Kids	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Serenity Kids Grain Free Puffs Baby Snack Pumpkin & Cinnamon -- 6 Packs	Serenity Kids	Baby & Kids Products	Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Folate, calcium carbonate, Phosphorus, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Serenity Kids Grain Free Puffs Bone Broth Organic Tomato & Mushroom -- 6 Packs	Serenity Kids	Baby & Kids Products	dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, Phosphorus, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Serenity Kids Grass Fed A2 Whole Milk Toddler Formula Powder 12-36 Months -- 21 oz	Serenity Kids	Baby & Kids Products	L-methylfolate, ascorbyl palmitate, adenosine-5-monophosphate, alpha-tocopheryl acetate, Vitamin C, Biotin, calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, Chloride, vitamin D3, Choline, copper sulfate, cytidine-5-monophosphate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, Folate, Vitamin E, inositol, Iodine, lacto-n-neotetraose, calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, Niacin, niacinamide, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, sodium selenite, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phylloquinone, Vitamin K, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Silk Almondmilk Vanilla -- 6 Containers	Silk	Food & Beverages	vitamin E acetate, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, calcium carbonate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, cane sugar, vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Silk Almondmilk Unsweetened Vanilla -- 1 qt	Silk	Food & Beverages	vitamin E acetate, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, calcium carbonate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Silk Organic Soymilk Unsweet -- 32 fl oz	Silk	Food & Beverages	B2, calcium carbonate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Vitamin B12, vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Oatmilk Non-Dairy Oat Beverage Original -- 32 fl oz	Simple Truth	Food & Beverages	calcium carbonate, Phosphorus, potassium phosphate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, tricalcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Unsweetened Coconutmilk -- 32 fl oz	Simple Truth	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, calcium carbonate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Organic Fruit & Grain Bars Blueberry -- 6 Bars	Simple Truth Organic	Food & Beverages	citric acid, Vitamin C, monocalcium phosphate, citric acid, Folate, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Organic Fruit & Grain Bars Strawberry -- 6 Bars	Simple Truth Organic	Food & Beverages	citric acid, Vitamin C, tricalcium citrate, monocalcium phosphate, citric acid, Folate, calcium carbonate, Niacin, niacinamide, potassium carbonate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin B6, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium bicarbonate, thiamine hydrochloride, Thiamin, Vitamin B6, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Organic Toasted Oas Cereal Honey Nut -- 12.2 oz	Simple Truth Organic	Food & Beverages	calcium carbonate, tocopherols	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Organic Toasted Oats Cereal Whole Grain -- 12 oz	Simple Truth Organic	Food & Beverages	calcium carbonate, tocopherols	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Simple Truth Organic Unsweetened Soymilk -- 32 fl oz	Simple Truth Organic	Food & Beverages	Vitamin C, Folate, calcium carbonate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, vitamin B2, Selenium, Vitamin B12, vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sinupret Bionorica Sinupret Adult Strength -- 50 Tablets	Sinupret	Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy	dextrin, E141, eudragit E12.5, Calcium carbonate, riboflavin, stearic acid, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sinupret Plus for Adults -- 25 Tablets	Sinupret	Vitamins & Supplements	E 141, E 132, Calcium carbonate, E 171	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Slow Mag Mg Muscle + Heart Magnesium Chloride + Calcium -- 60 Tablets	Slow Mag	Vitamins & Supplements	Chloride, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, sodium lauryl sulfate, stearic acid, titanium dioxide, triacetin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
So Delicious Coconut Milk Unsweetened Vanilla -- 32 fl oz	So Delicious	Food & Beverages	calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, vitamin a acetate, Vitamin A, Selenium, calcium phosphate, vitamin b12, vitamin d2, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
So Delicious Dairy Free Almond Milk Unsweetened -- 32 fl oz	So Delicious	Food & Beverages	vitamin E acetate, ascorbic acid, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, calcium carbonate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
So Delicious Dairy Free Almond Milk Vanilla -- 32 fl oz	So Delicious	Food & Beverages	vitamin E acetate, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, calcium carbonate, vitamin A palmitate, Vitamin A, cane sugar, vitamin D2	2024-11-29 10:47:42
So Delicious Dairy Free Organic Coconut Milk Vanilla -- 32 fl oz	So Delicious	Food & Beverages	calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Selenium, calcium phosphate, vitamin B12, vitamin D2, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
So Delicious Organic Dairy Free Coconut Milk Original -- 32 fl oz	So Delicious	Food & Beverages	calcium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, vitamin A acetate, Vitamin A, Selenium, calcium phosphate, Vitamin B12, vitamin D2, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Calcium and Magnesium 2:1 Ratio -- 180 VegCaps	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, L-aspartic acid, cellulose, citric acid, Calcium Carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Calcium Citrate -- 1000 mg - 240 VegCaps	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	Calcium Carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Calcium Citrate -- 120 Capsules	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	Calcium Carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Calcium Citrate with Vitamin D-3 -- 1000 mg - 240 Capsules	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	Calcium Carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Calcium Magnesium Zinc -- 250 VegCaps	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	Calcium Citrate, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Mega Multi Mineral Iron Free -- 200 Capsules	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	chamomile, kelp, Boron, Chromium, Iodine, Calcium Carbonate, Manganese, Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Iodide, Potassium Phosphate, Selenium, Vanadium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Super Bio Vitamin C -- 1000 mg - 360 VegCaps	Solaray	Vitamins & Supplements	Citrus Pectin, Vitamin C, cellulose, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solgar Formula VM-75® Iron-Free -- 180 Tablets	Solgar	Vitamins & Supplements	alpha carotene, Vitamin C, Betaine HCl, Biotin, Boron, Choline, Chromium, cryptoxanthin, Vitamin E, Folic Acid, Vitamin E, Hesperidin, Microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, calcium carbonate, lutein, Manganese, Molybdenum, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, titanium dioxide, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, zeaxanthin, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Source Naturals Life Force™ Multiple No Iron -- 180 Capsules	Source Naturals	Vitamins & Supplements	N-Acetyl L-Cysteine, Vitamin C, Astaxanthin, Biotin, Boron, Vitamin D3, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin E, DMAE, Folate, Vitamin E, microcrystalline cellulose, Inositol, Iodine, calcium carbonate, Lutein, Lycopene, Manganese, Molybdenum, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Niacin, Pantethine, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Quercetin, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin K1	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Bubble Gum -- 100 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Cinnamon -- 10 Pieces Each / 20 Pack	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Cinnamon -- 100 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Cinnamon -- 550 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Fruit -- 10 Pieces Each / 20 Pack	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, malic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Fruit -- 100 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, malic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Fruit -- 550 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, malic acid, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Peppermint -- 100 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Peppermint -- 550 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Spearmint -- 10 Pieces Each / 20 Pack	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Spearmint -- 100 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Spry Dental Defense Sugar-Free Gum with Xylitol Natural Spearmint -- 550 Pieces	Spry	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate, Xylitol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Sunwarrior Enzorb Digestive Enzymes -- 90 Vegan Capsules	Sunwarrior	Vitamins & Supplements	MCT, Cellulase, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine B-Complex -- 30 Tablets	Swolverine	Vitamins & Supplements	Para Aminobenzoic Acid, Biotin, Choline, Folate, Inositol, Calcium carbonate, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Vitamin B6, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Swolverine Therm® -- 90 Tablets	Swolverine	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Chitosan, Chromium, Iodine, Calcium carbonate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tartar Shield Cat Treats Wholesome Natural Dental Care Chicken Flavor -- 4.5 oz	Tartar Shield	Pet Supplies	biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, vitamin D3, choline chloride, copper sulfate, tocopherol, ethylenediamine dihydroiodide, iron sulfate, folic acid, tocopherol, calcium carbonate, malic acid, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin A acetate, riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, thiamine, vitamin B12, menadione, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tartar Shield Dog Biscuits Daily Dental Treat Chicken -- 26 oz	Tartar Shield	Pet Supplies	calcium pantothenate, vitamin d3, choline chloride, copper sulfate, vitamin e, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, vitamin e, calcium carbonate, malic acid, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin a, riboflavin, sodium selenite, vitamin b12, zinc oxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tea Tree Therapy Toothpaste with Baking Soda -- 5 oz	Tea Tree Therapy	Beauty & Personal Care	Calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sorbitol, titanium dioxide	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tender & True Wet Cat Food Chicken & Brown Rice -- 5.5 oz	Tender & True	Pet Supplies	biotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tender & True Wet Cat Food Salmon & Sweet Potato -- 5.5 oz	Tender & True	Pet Supplies	biotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tender & True Wet Cat Food Whitefish & Potato -- 5.5 oz	Tender & True	Pet Supplies	biotin, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tender & True Wet Dog Food Salmon & Sweet Potato -- 13.2 oz	Tender & True	Pet Supplies	biotin, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tender & True Wet Dog Food Turkey & Brown Rice -- 13.2 oz	Tender & True	Pet Supplies	biotin, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tender & True Wet Dog Food Whitefish & Potato -- 13.2 oz	Tender & True	Pet Supplies	biotin, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Butcher Block Pate Dog Food Beef Cheddar & Farm Veggies -- 10.5 oz	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, sodium selenite, vitamin B1, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Butcher Block Pate Dog Food Chicken & Super Greens -- 10.5 oz	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	calcium pantothenate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, sodium selenite, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Butcher Block Pate Dog Food Turkey & Autumn Veggies -- 10.5 oz	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	calcium pantothenate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, sodium selenite, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Cate Grain Free Wet Cat Food Pate Variety Pack -- 8 Packs	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	kelp, vitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Cate Wet Cat Food Pate Grain Free Beef & Chicken -- 5.5 oz	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	kelp, vitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Cate Wet Cat Food Pate Grain Free Chicken -- 5.5 oz	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	kelp, vitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Cate Wet Cat Food Pate Grain Free Salmon & Cod -- 5.5 oz	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	kelp, vitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen One Pot Stews Roasted Beef Stew with Kale Sweet Potatoes & Carrots Beef -- 10.5 oz	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	calcium pantothenate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, sodium selenite, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen One Pot Stews Simmered Salmon & Chicken with Brown Rice & Broccoli Seafood -- 10.5 oz	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, sodium selenite, vitamin B1, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen One Pot Stews Slow Cooked Chicken with Sweet Potatoes Spinach & Apples Poultry -- 10.5 oz	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, sodium selenite, vitamin B1, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Wet Cat Food Grain Free Minced Chicken in Bone Broth Gravy -- 5.5 oz	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	vitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Wet Cat Food Grain Free Minced Salmon & Cod in Fish Broth Gravy -- 5.5 oz	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	vitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Honest Kitchen Wet Cat Food Grain Free Minced Turkey Chicken & Duck in Bone Broth Gravy -- 5.5 oz	The Honest Kitchen	Pet Supplies	vitamin B7, calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, vitamin B5, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, vitamin B6, vitamin B2, taurine, vitamin B1, tricalcium phosphate, vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
The Humble Co Dental Toothpaste Tablets Fluoride-Free -- 60 Tablets	The Humble Co	Beauty & Personal Care	kaolin, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, menthol, sodium bicarbonate, stevioside	2024-11-29 10:47:42
TheraNeem Naturals - Neem Tooth & Gum Powder Cinnamon -- 40 grams	TheraNeem	Beauty & Personal Care	cholecalciferol, calcium carbonate, maltodextrin, sodium bicarbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Therapy Clean® Glass Cooktop Cleaner & Polish Scratch-Free Lemon -- 16 oz	Therapy Clean®	Household Essentials	cocamidopropyl betaine, decyl glucoside, dimethicone, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
think! Keto Protein Bars Chocolate Mousse Pie -- 10 Bars	think!	Weight Management	erythritol, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Perform BCAAs - 28 Servings Raspberry Lemonade -- 13.7 oz	TransformHQ	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	isoleucine, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Citrate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
TransformHQ Perform Pre-Workout - 28 Servings Blue Raspberry -- 13.3 oz	TransformHQ	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Beta-Alanine, Chloride, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Citrate, Phosphorus, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Tums Antacid Chewable Extra-Strength Tablets Assorted Berries -- 750 mg - 96 Chewable Tablets	Tums	Vitamins & Supplements	Adipic acid, Calcium Carbonate, sucrose	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab L-Arginine -- 500 mg - 100 Capsules	Twinlab	Vitamins & Supplements	MCT, cellulose, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Twinlab Potassium Caps -- 180 Capsules	Twinlab	Vitamins & Supplements	MCT, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viactiv Calcium Plus Bone Strengthening Milk Chocolate -- 100 Soft Chews	Viactiv	Vitamins & Supplements	cholecalciferol, glycerin, Calcium carbonate, sugar, phylloquinone, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viactiv Calcium Plus Bone Strengthening Rich Caramel -- 100 Soft Chews	Viactiv	Vitamins & Supplements	cholecalciferol, glycerin, Calcium carbonate, sugar, phylloquinone, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Viactiv Calcium Plus D Milk Chocolate -- 60 Soft Chews	Viactiv	Vitamins & Supplements	cholecalciferol, glycerin, Calcium carbonate, sugar, phylloquinone, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitacost-Root2 Veggie Basics® Super Green Food -- 300 Tablets	Vitacost-Root2	Vitamins & Supplements	Iodine, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Adrenal Support - Support Healthy Response to Occasional Stress -- 120 Capsules	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	calcium carbonate, Pantothenic Acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Adrenal Support - Supports a Healthy Response To Occasional Stress -- 60 Capsules	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	calcium carbonate, Pantothenic Acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Berberine -- 200 mg - 60 Capsules	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	Berberine, Calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Lithium Orotate -- 20 mg - 90 Vegetarian Capsules	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	calcium carbonate, Lithium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Pancreatic Enzymes - Full Strength -- 1000 mg - 90 Capsules	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	cellulose, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Pancreatin & Ox Bile Extract Digestive Support Formula with Ox Bile Extract -- 120 Capsules	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Saw Palmetto Pygeum Nettle Root - Supports Healthy Prostate Function -- 120 Vegan Capsules	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	calcium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Nutrients Sleep Aide - Provides 7 Botanicals for Relief of Occasional Sleeplessness -- 60 Capsules	Vital Nutrients	Professional Supplements	calcium carbonate, Melatonin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Weleda Calendula Toothpaste Peppermint Free -- 2.5 fl oz	Weleda	Beauty & Personal Care	calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Weleda Ratanhia Toothpaste Peppermint -- 2.5 fl oz	Weleda	Beauty & Personal Care	glycerin, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Canned Cat Food Grain Free Beef and Chicken -- 5.5 oz	Wellness	Pet Supplies	beta-carotene, biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, niacin, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Canned Cat Food Grain Free Chicken -- 5.5 oz	Wellness	Pet Supplies	beta-carotene, D-calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, choline chloride, folic acid, calcium carbonate, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Canned Dog Food Beef Stew with Carrots and Potatoes -- 12.5 oz	Wellness	Pet Supplies	biotin, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, sodium selenite, tricalcium phosphate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Canned Dog Food Turkey Stew with Barley and Carrots -- 12.5 oz	Wellness	Pet Supplies	choline chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, sodium selenite	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Complete Health Dry Dog Food Small Breed Deboned Turkey and Oatmeal Recipe -- 4 lbs	Wellness	Pet Supplies	Ascorbic Acid, biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Core Canine Original Formula Dry Dog Food -- 4 lbs	Wellness	Pet Supplies	ascorbic acid, beta-carotene, biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, niacin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Dry Cat Food Complete Health Grain Free Indoor Recipe -- 5.5 lbs	Wellness	Pet Supplies	ascorbic acid, biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, Vitamin E, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, Vitamin E, Glucosamine, L-carnitine, calcium carbonate, max, niacin, Phosphorus, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, Vitamin A, riboflavin, sodium selenite, Taurine, vitamin K, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Natural Dry Dog Food Complete Health Super 5 Mix Deboned Chicken & Oatmeal Recipe -- 5 lbs	Wellness	Pet Supplies	ascorbic acid, biotin, d-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, niacin, potassium chloride, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, sodium selenite, taurine, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Pate Cat Food Grain Free Turkey -- 5.5 oz	Wellness	Pet Supplies	beta-carotene, biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, niacin, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wellness Paté Smooth Loaf Canned Cat Food Turkey and Salmon Entrée -- 5.5 oz	Wellness	Pet Supplies	beta-carotene, biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, niacin, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Dry Dog Food Lamb & Brown Rice & Carrot -- 4 lbs	Wild Harvest	Pet Supplies	beta carotene, biotin, calcium pantothenate, dicalcium phosphate, choline chloride, copper sulfate, folic acid, L-carnitine, calcium carbonate, L-lysine, niacin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, zinc sulfate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Grain Free Shredded Chicken in Gravy Recipe Wet Cat Food Chicken -- 5.5 oz	Wild Harvest	Pet Supplies	biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Wild Harvest Grain Free Shredded Salmon in Gravy Recipe Wet Cat Food Salmon -- 5.5 oz	Wild Harvest	Pet Supplies	biotin, D-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, calcium carbonate, sodium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, pyridoxine hydrochloride, sodium selenite, Taurine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Yerba Prima Prebiotic Colon Care -- 180 Capsules	Yerba Prima	Vitamins & Supplements	calcium carbonate, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Yerba Prima Prebiotic Colon Care Formula -- 12 oz	Yerba Prima	Vitamins & Supplements	calcium carbonate, Selenium	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Joint Collagen Type 2 Advanced Formula -- 120 Tablets	Youtheory	Vitamins & Supplements	dicalcium phosphate, Calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Marine Collagen -- 2500 mg - 160 Tablets	Youtheory	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Calcium carbonate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Marine Collagen -- 2500 mg - 290 Tablets	Youtheory	Vitamins & Supplements	Vitamin C, dicalcium phosphate, Vitamin E, Vitamin E, Calcium carbonate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Selenium, stearic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Yumi Organic Rice Free Puffs 8+ Months Apple & Broccoli -- 6 Pack	Yumi	Baby & Kids Products	Choline, iron bisglycinate chelate, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Yumi Organic Rice Free Puffs 8+ Months Berry & Sweet Pea -- 6 Pack	Yumi	Baby & Kids Products	Choline, iron bisglycinate chelate, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Yumi Organic Rice Free Puffs 8+ Months Strawberry Basil -- 6 Pack	Yumi	Baby & Kids Products	calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zatik Gratitude Face Serum -- 1 fl oz	Zatik	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zatik Hair Serum Argan & Black Seed -- 2 fl oz	Zatik	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, MCT, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zatik Nutri Face Serum -- 1 fl oz	Zatik	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, chamomile, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zatik Odor Defense Roll-On Deodorant Lavender & Moringa -- 3 fl oz	Zatik	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, hydroxyethyl cellulose, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zatik Odor Defense Roll-On Deodorant Unscented -- 3 fl oz	Zatik	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, gluconodeltalactone, hydroxyethyl cellulose, calcium carbonate	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zatik Relieve Eye Serum -- 1 fl oz	Zatik	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, chamomile, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zatik Softening & Hydrating Conditioner Maca & Jojoba -- 10.8 fl oz	Zatik	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, MCT, glucono delta lactone, cetearyl alcohol, tocopherol, decyl glucoside, tocopherol, MCT, vitamin B5	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zatik Softening & Hydrating Shampoo Maca & Jojoba -- 10.8 fl oz	Zatik	Beauty & Personal Care	orange, MCT, glucono delta lactone, tocopherol, decyl glucoside, dl-panthenol, tocopherol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, MCT, vitamin B5	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zatik Solar Mineral Sunscreen SPF 30 -- 1.7 fl oz	Zatik	Beauty & Personal Care	MCT, L-ascorbyl palmitate, tocopherol, tocopherol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise Daily Digestive Enzymes Plus Fast-Acting Probiotics -- 100 Vegetable Capsules	Zenwise	Vitamins & Supplements	MCT, Microcrystalline cellulose, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise Digestive Enzymes Plus Fast-Acting Probiotics -- 180 Vegetable Capsules	Zenwise	Vitamins & Supplements	MCT, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise Digestive Enzymes Plus Fast-Acting Probiotics -- 60 Capsules	Zenwise	Vitamins & Supplements	MCT, microcrystalline cellulose, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise Joint Support -- 180 Tablets	Zenwise	Vitamins & Supplements	Chondroitin, Glucosamine, calcium carbonate, Stearic acid	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise No Bloat -- 100 Vegetable Capsules	Zenwise	Vitamins & Supplements	MCT, Microcrystalline cellulose, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise No Bloat -- 160 Vegetable Capsules	Zenwise	Vitamins & Supplements	MCT, Microcrystalline cellulose, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zenwise No Bloat -- 60 Vegetable Capsules	Zenwise	Vitamins & Supplements	MCT, Microcrystalline cellulose, MCT	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Role	Description
antacid	Any substance which is used to neutralise stomach acidity.
food colouring	A food additive that imparts colour to food. In European countries, E-numbers for permitted food colours are from E 100 to E 199, divided into yellows (E 100-109), oranges (E 110-119), reds (E 120-129), blues and violets (E 130-139), greens (E 140-149), browns and blacks (E 150-159), and others (E 160-199).
food firming agent	A food additive that is used to make or keep fruit or vegetable tissues firm and crisp. or which interacts with gelling agents such as pectin to produce or strengthen a gel.
fertilizer	A fertilizer is any substance that is added to soil or water to assist the growth of plants.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
calcium salt
carbonate salt
one-carbon compound	An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1).
inorganic calcium salt
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	1197 (15.09)	18.7374
1990's	691 (8.71)	18.2507
2000's	1850 (23.33)	29.6817
2010's	3046 (38.41)	24.3611
2020's	1147 (14.46)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	578 (6.98%)	5.53%
Reviews	348 (4.20%)	6.00%
Case Studies	349 (4.21%)	4.05%
Observational	2 (0.02%)	0.25%
Other	7,009 (84.59%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. dihydroxybenzoic acid : Any member of the class of hydroxybenzoic acids carrying two phenolic hydroxy groups on the benzene ring and its derivatives.. 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It occurs naturally in Phyllanthus acidus and in the aquatic fern Salvinia molesta.	2.07	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
3-cyanopyridine pyridine-3-carbonitrile: structure in first source. 3-pyridinecarbonitrile : A nitrile that is pyridine substituted by a cyano group at position 3.	2.25	1	0	nitrile; pyridines
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	2.72	3	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.1	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	3.42	7	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	9.82	36	11	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	3.13	5	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	4.04	4	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
adipic acid adipic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,4-dicarboxy derivative of butane.	1.96	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	food acidity regulator; human xenobiotic metabolite
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	2.96	3	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	1.95	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	7.64	45	1	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
arsenic acid arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom.	2.76	3	0	arsenic oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
beta-alanine [no description available]	3.47	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzene [no description available]	8.01	4	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.42	2	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	2.25	1	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	3.09	5	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	3.56	8	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
carbamates [no description available]	2.65	3	0	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.7	3	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	3.3	6	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
carnitine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechol [no description available]	2.52	2	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	7.06	32	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	4.16	3	1	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	12.15	66	11	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	8.24	51	1	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	10.77	28	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	2.25	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
octanoic acid octanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1764. octanoic acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is heptane in which one of the hydrogens of a terminal methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. Octanoic acid is also known as caprylic acid.	2.31	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	antibacterial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	4.08	4	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	1.96	1	0	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic Acid: A malonic acid derivative which is a vital intermediate in the metabolism of fat and protein. Abnormalities in methylmalonic acid metabolism lead to methylmalonic aciduria. This metabolic disease is attributed to a block in the enzymatic conversion of methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA.. methylmalonic acid : A dicarboxylic acid that is malonic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group.	3.53	1	1	C4-dicarboxylic acid	human metabolite
trimetaphosphoric acid trimetaphosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclotriphosphoric acid : The cyclic anhydride of triphosphoric acid.	2.6	1	0	cyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; inorganic heterocyclic compound; phosphorus oxoacid
malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group.	3.1	5	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	2.41	1	0	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
creatine [no description available]	5.91	5	2	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	10.39	67	8	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
diacetyl butane-2,3-dione : An alpha-diketone that is butane substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite produced during the malolactic fermentation.	2	1	0	alpha-diketone	Escherichia coli metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethylglycine dimethylglycine: metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethylglycine : An N-methylglycine that is glycine carrying two N-methyl substituents.	3.53	1	1	amino acid zwitterion; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.39	2	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
ethanolamine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; primary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.97	4	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
formamide formimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is formic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.. primary carboxamide : A carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of a carboxylic acid with ammonia; formula RC(=O)NH2.	1.93	1	0	carboximidic acid; formamides; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	solvent
3-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the acidic groups of 3-phosphoglyceric acid.	2.06	1	0	monophosphoglyceric acid; tetronic acid derivative	algal metabolite; fundamental metabolite
glycine [no description available]	7.72	19	1	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	3.68	9	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
glycolic acid glycolic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glycolic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.	2.02	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; primary alcohol	keratolytic drug; metabolite
glyoxylic acid glyoxylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. glyoxylic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid bearing an oxo group at the alpha carbon atom.	2.21	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; aldehydic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbonic acid Carbonic Acid: Carbonic acid (H2C03). The hypothetical acid of carbon dioxide and water. It exists only in the form of its salts (carbonates), acid salts (hydrogen carbonates), amines (carbamic acid), and acid chlorides (carbonyl chloride). (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	5.13	10	1	carbon oxoacid; chalcocarbonic acid	mouse metabolite
hydrogen cyanide Hydrogen Cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide (HCN); A toxic liquid or colorless gas. It is found in the smoke of various tobacco products and released by combustion of nitrogen-containing organic materials.. hydrogen cyanide : A one-carbon compound consisting of a methine group triple bonded to a nitrogen atom	3.35	1	0	hydracid; one-carbon compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; poison
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	14.34	125	18	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	10.62	23	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	2.6	1	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	4.9	11	0	diatomic iodine	nutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	2.11	1	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group.	2.41	1	0	aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline	human metabolite
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.13	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2.41	1	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	5.51	20	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
phytic acid Phytic Acid: Complexing agent for removal of traces of heavy metal ions. It acts also as a hypocalcemic agent.. myo-inositol hexakisphosphate : A myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in which each hydroxy group of myo-inositol is monophosphorylated.	5.37	13	1	inositol phosphate
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	1.94	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
acetanilide acetanilide: a phenylacetamide; use ACETANILIDES for the plural group meaning of the singular term. N-phenylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.06	1	0	acetamides; anilide	analgesic
naphthalene [no description available]	2.02	1	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	7.37	33	1	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.47	2	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.25	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3	antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	13.33	104	10	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	3.82	11	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.55	8	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
nitrous oxide Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.	3.8	10	0	gas molecular entity; nitrogen oxide	analgesic; bacterial metabolite; food packaging gas; food propellant; general anaesthetic; greenhouse gas; inhalation anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist; raising agent; refrigerant; vasodilator agent
hydroxide ion [no description available]	2.55	2	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	5.19	11	1	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.17	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.73	3	0	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	4.86	11	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
parathion [no description available]	1.94	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	2.49	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phenol [no description available]	3.15	5	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	9.62	9	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate: A monocarboxylic acid anion derived from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is a metabolic intermediate in GLYCOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS; and other pathways.. phosphoenolpyruvate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resuting from selective deprotonation of the carboxy group of phosphoenolpyruvic acid.. phosphoenolpyruvic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid substituted by a phosphonooxy group at position 2. It is a metabolic intermediate in pathways like glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.	2.76	3	0	carboxyalkyl phosphate; monocarboxylic acid	fundamental metabolite
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	2.1	1	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	2.52	2	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid.	7.2	8	4	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid	Escherichia coli metabolite
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.45	2	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	1.98	1	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine.	1.94	1	0	purine
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	4.27	4	1	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	3.14	5	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
dimethyl sulfide dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group.	2.11	1	0	aliphatic sulfide	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; marine metabolite
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	2.68	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
sarcosine cocobetaine: N-alkyl-betaine; cause of shampoo dermatitis	3.53	1	1	N-alkylglycine zwitterion; N-alkylglycine; N-methyl-amino acid; N-methylglycines	Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; glycine transporter 1 inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.	2.49	2	0	selenium oxoacid
selenious acid Selenious Acid: A selenium compound with the molecular formula H2SO3. It used as a source of SELENIUM, especially for patients that develop selenium deficiency following prolonged PARENTERAL NUTRITION.	2.72	3	0	selenium oxoacid
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	2.73	3	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermine [no description available]	2.44	2	0	polyazaalkane; tetramine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.97	4	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	3.67	9	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	4.66	27	0	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
taurine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	5.01	5	2	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	3.96	3	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	8.52	27	1	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	16.22	97	4	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	3.35	1	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases	2.08	1	0	phenanthroline	EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	3.28	6	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
2,4,6-tribromophenol [no description available]	2.94	4	0	bromophenol	environmental contaminant; fungicide; marine metabolite
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2	1	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
phenytoin [no description available]	3.46	2	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	2.13	1	0
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	5.9	7	1	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	3.85	12	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetochlor acetochlor : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-phenylacetamide carrying an ethyl and a methyl group at positions 2 and 6 respectively on the benzene ring while one of the methyl hydrogens as well as the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen atom have been replaced by a chloro and an ethoxymethyl group respectively.	2.75	3	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	4.21	5	0	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	10.96	22	13	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride.	2.25	1	0	aromatic amine
amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy.	3.14	1	0	diamine; organic thiophosphate	antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent
theophylline [no description available]	2.25	1	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.07	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.13	1	0	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
anastrozole [no description available]	2.07	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	4.99	9	1	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atrazine [no description available]	8.3	6	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	3.37	1	1	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azobenzene azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.	2.06	1	0	azobenzenes
benzocaine Benzocaine: A surface anesthetic that acts by preventing transmission of impulses along NERVE FIBERS and at NERVE ENDINGS.. dextran sulfate sodium : An organic sodium salt of dextran sulfate. It induces colitis in mice.. benzocaine : A benzoate ester having 4-aminobenzoic acid as the acid component and ethanol as the alcohol component. A surface anaesthetic, it is used to suppress the gag reflex, and as a lubricant and topical anaesthetic on the larynx, mouth, nasal cavity, respiratory tract, oesophagus, rectum, urinary tract, and vagina.	3.35	1	1	benzoate ester; substituted aniline	allergen; antipruritic drug; sensitiser; topical anaesthetic
berberine [no description available]	2.05	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic.	2.03	1	0	aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	2.6	1	0	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
busulfan [no description available]	2.05	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent
cacodylic acid dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.	2.31	1	0	organoarsenic compound	xenobiotic metabolite
caffeine [no description available]	2.83	3	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	1.94	1	0	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	2.25	1	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
cefuroxime Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.	2.02	1	0	carbamate ester; cephalosporin
celecoxib [no description available]	2.08	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.47	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	2.11	1	0	pyridinium ion
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.35	2	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	3.77	2	1	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	2.13	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	1.94	1	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.06	1	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	6.21	6	1	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	6.28	10	4	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	2.04	1	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	6.45	5	3	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.21	1	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.02	1	0	indoles	fluorochrome
deferiprone Deferiprone: A pyridone derivative and iron chelator that is used in the treatment of IRON OVERLOAD in patients with THALASSEMIA.. deferiprone : A member of the class of 4-pyridones that is pyridin-4(1H)-one substituted at positions 1 and 2 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a hydroxy group. A lipid-soluble iron-chelator used for treatment of thalassaemia.	2.11	1	0	4-pyridones	iron chelator; protective agent
deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator.	3.99	4	0	acyclic desferrioxamine	bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	1.95	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.04	1	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
dibucaine Dibucaine: A local anesthetic of the amide type now generally used for surface anesthesia. It is one of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics and its parenteral use is restricted to spinal anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1006). cinchocaine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is the 2-(diethylamino)ethyl amide of 2-butoxyquinoline-4-carboxylic acid. One of the most potent and toxic of the long-acting local anesthetics, its parenteral use was restricted to spinal anesthesia. It is now generally only used (usually as the hydrochloride) in creams and ointments and in suppositories for temporary relief of pain and itching associated with skin and anorectal conditions.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	topical anaesthetic
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.79	3	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.65	3	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorphenamide Dichlorphenamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of glaucoma.. diclofenamide : A sulfonamide that is benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in which the hydrogens at positions 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorine. An oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it partially suppresses the secretion (inflow) of aqueous humor in the eye and so reduces intraocular pressure. It is used for the treatment of glaucoma.	1.94	1	0	dichlorobenzene; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; ophthalmology drug
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	2.06	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	3.02	4	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
dimethadione Dimethadione: An anticonvulsant that is the active metabolite of TRIMETHADIONE.	1.96	1	0	oxazolidinone
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.11	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
diuron Diuron: A pre-emergent herbicide.. diuron : A member of the class of 3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylureas that is urea in which both of the hydrogens attached to one nitrogen are substituted by methyl groups, and one of the hydrogens attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group.	2.48	2	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; dichlorobenzene	environmental contaminant; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; photosystem-II inhibitor; urea herbicide; xenobiotic
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.59	2	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	3.27	6	0
estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia.	2.25	1	0	triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	2.02	1	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic.	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide	antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces.	7.23	14	3	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator
famotidine Famotidine: A competitive histamine H2-receptor antagonist. Its main pharmacodynamic effect is the inhibition of gastric secretion.	6.61	7	3	1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide	anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
fenthion Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities.	1.98	1	0	organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.92	4	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	3.16	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	3.41	7	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	3.79	10	0
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	2.07	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	4.37	4	1	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.21	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	2.6	1	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	3.75	3	0	methoxybenzenes
halazone [no description available]	1.94	1	0
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	3.13	5	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	1.98	1	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.36	2	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	2.04	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.95	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.21	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.4	2	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2.11	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	2.25	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2	1	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.82	3	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
itopride [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzamides
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.9	2	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.95	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery.	3.37	1	1	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent
malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.	2.06	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate
meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)	1.94	1	0	organic molecular entity
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	3.81	2	1	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methacrylic acid methacrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methacrylic acid : An alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is acrylic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a methyl group.	2.52	2	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	3.35	1	0	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methenamine Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.04	1	0	polyazaalkane; polycyclic cage; tetramine	antibacterial drug
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.73	3	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
metolazone Metolazone: A quinazoline-sulfonamide derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. metolazone : A quinazoline that consists of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-one bearing additional methyl, 2-tolyl, sulfamyl and chloro substituents at positions 2, 3, 6 and 7 respectively. A quinazoline diuretic, with properties similar to thiazide diuretics.	2.04	1	0	organochlorine compound; quinazolines; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; ion transport inhibitor
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	2.43	2	0	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	4.66	3	2	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.21	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.6	1	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
nalidixic acid [no description available]	1.97	1	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	3.05	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.31	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	5.39	5	3	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	6.1	11	3	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.06	1	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
pamidronate [no description available]	5.92	9	1	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	4.43	2	2	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	3.05	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	1.95	1	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	1.95	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	7.86	21	4	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
potassium iodide Potassium Iodide: An inorganic compound that is used as a source of iodine in thyrotoxic crisis and in the preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy. (From Dorland, 27th ed). potassium iodide : A metal iodide salt with a K(+) counterion. It is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.	1.94	1	0	potassium salt	expectorant; radical scavenger
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	2.41	1	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.17	1	0	isoquinolines
primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures.	1.98	1	0	pyrimidone	anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	1.94	1	0	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propantheline Propantheline: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in rhinitis, in urinary incontinence, and in the treatment of ulcers. At high doses it has nicotinic effects resulting in neuromuscular blocking.	4.25	4	1	xanthenes
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.43	2	0	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	2.1	1	0	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	4.48	1	1	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	2.89	4	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.	2.25	1	0	ether; organofluorine compound	central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor
simazine Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2.15	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
sodium fluoride [no description available]	14.37	77	41	fluoride salt	mutagen
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	4.16	3	1	pyridines
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	4.23	17	0	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sulfanilamide [no description available]	2.15	1	0	substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
sulfathiazole Sulfathiazole: A sulfathiazole compound that is used as a short-acting anti-infective agent. It is no longer commonly used systemically due to its toxicity, but may still be applied topically in combination with other drugs for the treatment of vaginal and skin infections, and is still used in veterinary medicine.. sulfathiazole : A 1,3-thiazole compound having a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	2.02	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	1.99	1	0	diarylmethane
thiram Thiram: A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations.. thiram : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is widely used as a fungicidal seed treatment.	2.1	1	0	organic disulfide	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.	1.94	1	0	imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.	2.21	1	0	amino acid
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	3.06	1	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triclosan [no description available]	8.5	7	4	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	3.59	1	1	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
usnic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzofurans
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2.72	3	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	2.03	1	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	1.97	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.91	4	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	1.94	1	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	1.94	1	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	4.78	7	1	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
thymidine [no description available]	3.78	2	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	5.78	8	3	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	6	20	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dibenzylchlorethamine Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.	1.94	1	0
norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester.	3.47	1	1	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	2.04	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
aldosterone [no description available]	1.99	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	8.16	9	4	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	3.36	1	1	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2.34	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	4.05	4	0	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	1.99	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	3.18	5	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	3.42	7	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	6.1	28	1	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	1.94	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.88	4	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	3.14	1	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	6.73	31	2	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	1.97	1	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	3.74	2	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	1.95	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	2.48	2	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	3.12	5	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	4.66	3	2	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	5.05	41	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	3.12	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	8.75	9	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	1.96	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aniline [no description available]	2.03	1	0	anilines; primary arylamine
calcium acetate calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces.	12.14	40	6	calcium salt	chelator
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	7.07	24	4	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2.66	3	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.49	2	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.48	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	2.67	3	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	3.8	3	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cytidine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	1.97	1	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.93	4	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	3.51	8	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	2.42	2	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	3.47	1	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
mannitol [no description available]	4.19	5	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	2.06	1	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group.	2.49	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.37	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	2.43	2	0	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available]	4.45	1	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester	adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	2.49	2	0	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.83	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alizarin [no description available]	2.05	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	chromophore; dye; plant metabolite
methandrostenolone Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188)	3.75	2	1	organic molecular entity
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	3.06	5	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.	1.97	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	17.41	124	60	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	2.11	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	2.5	2	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.43	2	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	1.94	1	0	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
propyleneimine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	aziridines
tetramethylammonium tetramethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd. tetramethylammonium : The simplest quaternary ammonium cation, comprising a central nitrogen linked to four methyl groups.	2.08	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion
trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine.	1.95	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	2.25	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	7.5	69	0	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	1.99	1	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
tetraethoxysilane [no description available]	2.4	2	0
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	3.42	7	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	3.3	6	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	2.5	2	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	5.84	28	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	2.1	1	0	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
methylmethacrylate Methylmethacrylate: The methyl ester of methacrylic acid. It polymerizes easily to form POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE. It is used as a bone cement.. methyl methacrylate : An enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.	2.92	4	0	enoate ester; methyl ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals.	2.66	3	0	amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	4.28	5	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
pyridoxic acid Pyridoxic Acid: The catabolic product of most of VITAMIN B 6; (PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; and PYRIDOXAMINE) which is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxic acid : A methylpyridine that is 2-methylpyridine substituted by a hydroxy group at C-3, a carboxy group at C-4, and a hydroxymethyl group at C-5. It is the catabolic product of vitamin B6 and is excreted in the urine.. 4-pyridoxate : A pyridoxate that is the conjugate base of 4-pyridoxic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	3.43	1	1	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.02	1	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
diethyl phthalate diethyl phthalate: structure. diethyl phthalate : The diethyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.41	1	0	diester; ethyl ester; phthalate ester	neurotoxin; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	3.09	5	0
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	3.44	7	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
pyromellitic acid pyromellitic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. pyromellitic acid : A tetracarboxylic acid that is benzene substituted by four carboxy groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5 respectively.	2.02	1	0	benzoic acids; tetracarboxylic acid
1-naphthol 1-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 1.. hydroxynaphthalene : Any member of the class of naphthalenes that is naphthalene carrying one or more hydroxy groups.	2.1	1	0	naphthol	genotoxin; human xenobiotic metabolite
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.	2.97	4	0	aldono-1,5-lactone; gluconolactone	animal metabolite; mouse metabolite
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	2.06	1	0
mecoprop mecoprop: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chloro-2-methylphenyl group.. mecoprop : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mecoprop.	3.41	7	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	2.21	1	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	2.43	2	0	carbonyl compound
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid: A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer.. (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is (4-chlorophenoxy)acetic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 2.	3.41	7	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; monochlorobenzenes	environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2-chloroaniline [no description available]	2.05	1	0
2,4-diaminotoluene 2,4-diaminotoluene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure. 2,4-diaminotoluene : An aminotoluene that is para-toluidine with an additional amino group at position 2.	2.03	1	0	aminotoluene	metabolite
dilactide dilactide: structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	dioxanes
lactobionic acid [no description available]	2.54	2	0	disaccharide	antioxidant
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	2.1	1	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	4.46	5	1	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	2.44	2	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
terephthalic acid terephthalic acid: RN given refers to 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid. terephthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids.	2.17	1	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid
2-diethylaminoethanol 2-diethylaminoethanol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. 2-diethylaminoethanol : A member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.	2.6	1	0	ethanolamines; primary alcohol; tertiary amino compound
ethylbenzene [no description available]	2.06	1	0	alkylbenzene
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	2.47	2	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
4-vinylpyridine 4-vinylpyridine: reagent for blocking cysteine function in proteins; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.13	1	0
cyclamic acid Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.	2.36	2	0	sulfamic acids	environmental contaminant; human xenobiotic metabolite
chlorphenesin Chlorphenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant. Its mode of action is unknown. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1203). chlorphenesin : Glycerol in which the hydrogen of one of the primary hydroxy groups is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group. It has antifungal and antibacterial properties, and is used for treatment of cutaneous and vaginal infections. Its 1-carbamate is used as a skeletal muscle relaxant for the treatment of painful muscle spasm.	1.94	1	0	glycol; monochlorobenzenes; propane-1,2-diols	antibacterial drug; antifungal drug; muscle relaxant
ethyl carbonate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	carbonate ester
4-xylene p-xylene : A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.	2.15	1	0	xylene
epichlorohydrin Epichlorohydrin: A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.. epichlorohydrin : An epoxide that is 1,2-epoxypropene in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by chlorine.	3.43	1	1	epoxide; organochlorine compound
acrolein [no description available]	2.13	1	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
allylamine Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.	2.31	1	0	alkylamine
acrylonitrile [no description available]	2.15	1	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; carcinogenic agent; fungal metabolite; mutagen; polar aprotic solvent
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	2.05	1	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
propargyl alcohol propargyl alcohol: irreversibly inactivates alcohol oxidase; RN given refers to parent cpd. prop-2-yn-1-ol : A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.05	1	0	propynol; terminal acetylenic compound; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glyoxal [no description available]	1.94	1	0	dialdehyde	agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator
succinic anhydride [no description available]	2.06	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; tetrahydrofurandione
maleic anhydride Maleic Anhydrides: Used in copolymerization reactions, in the Diels-Alder(diene)synthesis, in the preparation of resins, pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. It is a powerful irritant and causes burns.. maleic anhydride : A cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of maleic acid.	2.21	1	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; furans	allergen
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	3.14	1	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
triethylene glycol dimethacrylate [no description available]	2.79	3	0
n-butyl n-butyrate n-butyl n-butyrate: structure. butyl butanoate : A butanoate ester of butan-1-ol.	2.15	1	0	butyrate ester	metabolite
methyl cellosolve methyl cellosolve: widely used industrial solvent for resins, lacquers, dyes & inks; may cause anemia macrocytosis, appearance of young granulocytes in blood; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.1	1	0	glycol ether	protic solvent; solvent
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	3.16	5	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	2	1	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
butylxanthate butylxanthate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	1	0
cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.	2.21	1	0	cycloalkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
n-dodecane dodecane : A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).	2.06	1	0	alkane	plant metabolite
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	3.35	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	2.05	1	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
dianisidine Dianisidine: Highly toxic compound which can cause skin irritation and sensitization. It is used in manufacture of azo dyes.	2.03	1	0	biphenyls
dibenzothiazyl disulfide dibenzothiazyl disulfide: vulcanizing accelerant. dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide : An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol. It is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.	2.1	1	0	benzothiazoles; organic disulfide	allergen
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	2.8	3	0	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
ziram Ziram: An industrial fungicide with low mammalian toxicity, although it does possess an irritant capacity for skin and mucous membranes.. ziram : A dithiocarbamate salt that is the zinc salt of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid. It is a broad-spectrum fungicide and bird and animal repellent that is also used to accelerate the vulcanisation of rubber.	1.93	1	0	dithiocarbamate salt; zinc molecular entity	antifungal agrochemical; apoptosis inducer
dodecyl sulfate dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE	2.45	2	0	alkyl sulfate
ethyl acrylate [no description available]	1.99	1	0	enoate ester
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.21	1	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).	2.02	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	1.99	1	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
dulcin dulcin: structure	2.15	1	0	ureas
fluoranthene fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring.	2.05	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	2.13	1	0	indazole
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	2.07	1	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	1.96	1	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	5.85	4	2	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
calcium gluconate [no description available]	9.44	28	4	calcium salt	nutraceutical
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	2.69	3	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
dexamethasone 21-phosphate dexamethasone 21-phosphate: has anti-inflammatory activity. dexamethasone phosphate : A steroid phosphate that is the 21-O-phospho derivative of dexamethasone.	2.41	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; fluorinated steroid; steroid phosphate; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	glucocorticoid receptor agonist
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	7.17	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.38	1	1	steroid ester
perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine.	2.05	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound	blood substitute; radioopaque medium
nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17.	3.78	2	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid	human metabolite
dicyandiamido dicyandiamido: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanoguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group. It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.	2.13	1	0	guanidines; nitrile	curing agent; explosive; fertilizer; flame retardant; nitrification inhibitor
ketene ketene: structure. ketene : Carbonyl compounds where the C=O bond is conjugated to an alkylidene group.	2.15	1	0	ketene
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.65	3	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
glycocholic acid Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.37	2	0	bile acid glycine conjugate	human metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	2.68	3	0
ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate	colour indicator; human metabolite
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.25	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
sodium carbonate sodium carbonate: used topically for dermatitides, mouthwash, vaginal douche; veterinary use as emergency emetic; RN given refers to carbonic acid, di-Na salt; structure	6.02	26	1	carbonate salt; organic sodium salt
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.11	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
ascaridole ascaridole: monoterpene endoperoxide with anthelmintic properties; structure given in first source. ascaridole : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that is p-menth-2-ene with a peroxy group across position 1 to 4.	2.11	1	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organic peroxide; p-menthane monoterpenoid	antileishmanial agent; antinematodal drug; plant metabolite
barium carbonate barium carbonate : An inorganic carbonate salt of barium.	2.55	2	0	carbonate salt; inorganic barium salt
cadmium carbonate cadmium carbonate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Cd-CO3	2.77	3	0
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	2.07	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.13	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	4.34	2	2	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	2.9	2	0
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	2.43	2	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	6.27	20	2	organic molecular entity
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	2.17	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
cellobiose beta-cellobiose : A cellobiose with beta configuration at the reducing-end glucose residue.	2.05	1	0	cellobiose	epitope
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	3.04	5	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	4.12	3	1	dialdehyde	biomarker
strontium acetate [no description available]	9.94	14	9
magnesium carbonate magnesium carbonate: RN given refers to parent cpd (1:1). magnesium carbonate : A magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals.	9.63	57	3	carbonate salt; magnesium salt; one-carbon compound; organic magnesium salt	antacid; fertilizer
lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.	2.03	1	0	carbonate salt; lithium salt	antimanic drug
siderite ferrous carbonate : A carbonate salt in which the counter-ion is iron in the +2 oxidation state.	2.78	3	0	carbonate mineral; carbonate salt; iron molecular entity; one-carbon compound
potassium carbonate potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.	2.99	4	0	carbonate salt; potassium salt	catalyst; fertilizer; flame retardant
manganese carbonate [no description available]	3.18	5	0
methyl carbonate methyl carbonate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure. dimethyl carbonate : A carbonate ester that is carbonic acid in which both hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups. A flammable, colourless liquid (m.p. 2-4degreeC, b.p. 90degreeC) with a characterstic ester-like odour, it is used as a 'green' methylating agent and as a solvent.	2.03	1	0	carbonate ester	reagent; solvent
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.17	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
n-tetradecane tetradecane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms.	2.41	1	0	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.	3.42	1	1	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	2.36	2	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
diphenyliodonium diphenyliodonium: RN given refers to the parent coumpound; inhibitor of neutrophil superoxide generating oxidase; structure has been determined	2.1	1	0
calcium citrate Calcium Citrate: A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed). calcium citrate : An organic calcium salt composed of calcium cations and citrate anions in a 3:2 ratio.	12.97	52	18	organic calcium salt	flavouring agent; food additive; food preservative; nutraceutical
calcium lactate [no description available]	3.89	12	0
2-hydroxyethyl acrylate [no description available]	2.51	2	0
potassium citrate Potassium Citrate: A powder that dissolves in water, which is administered orally, and is used as a diuretic, expectorant, systemic alkalizer, and electrolyte replenisher.. potassium citrate (anhydrous) : The anhydrous form of the tripotassium salt of citric acid.	4.37	4	1	potassium salt	diuretic
hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydroxyethyl methacrylate: many of cited refs are for gel which refers to polymeric form of above cpd: POLYHYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate : An enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.	2.82	3	0	enoate ester	allergen; polymerisation monomer
n-methylpyrrolidone 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one: structure in first source. N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one : A member of the class of pyrrolidine-2-ones that is pyrrolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a methyl group.	2.08	1	0	lactam; N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidin-2-ones	polar aprotic solvent
diphenoxylate Diphenoxylate: A MEPERIDINE congener used as an antidiarrheal, usually in combination with ATROPINE. At high doses, it acts like morphine. Its unesterified metabolite difenoxin has similar properties and is used similarly. It has little or no analgesic activity.. diphenoxylate : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of difenoxin.	3.74	2	1	ethyl ester; nitrile; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amine	antidiarrhoeal drug
methidathion methidathion: widely used on citrus, tobacco, alfalfa, cotton, sorghum & several other crops	2.04	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
ammonium bicarbonate ammonium bicarbonate: see also record for ammonium carbonate (di-NH4 salt)	3.25	1	0	organooxygen compound
ethylenediamine-n,n'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid): synthetic iron chelator; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in 3rd source	2.03	1	0
copper carbonate copper carbonate: RN given refers to 1:1 Cu(+2) salt	2.13	1	0
carmine Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.	2.13	1	0
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	13.69	173	10
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	2.08	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.81	11	0	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	4.11	15	0	zinc molecular entity
lead sulfide lead sulfide: surma refers to fine powder-like mascara, applied to conjunctival surfaces of eyes; originally contained antimony sulfide (derived from Urdu word for antimony); recently lead sulfide has been used due to scarcity of antimony; RN given refers to cpd with MF of Pb-S; galena is the principal ore of lead sulfide. Black kohl stone and red-brown kohl stone are widely used in eye cosmetics in the Middle East, Asia and Africa	2.02	1	0
ferrous sulfide ferrous sulfide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-S; mackinawite & troilite both have MF Fe-S	3.76	2	0
4-chloro-2-cresol 4-chloro-2-cresol: metabolite of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid & other phenoxyacetic acid herbicides; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chloro-2-methylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is o-cresol in which the hydrogen para to the hydroxy group is replaced by a chlorine.	2.01	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; phenols
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	2.93	4	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
calcium silicate [no description available]	2.17	1	0	inorganic calcium salt	antacid; flame retardant; food anticaking agent
ferrous oxide [no description available]	2.1	1	0	iron oxide
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	4.1	5	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.21	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propanol 3-bromo-2,2-bis(bromomethyl)propanol: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
bisphenol a-glycidyl methacrylate Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate: The reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate that undergoes polymerization when exposed to ultraviolet light or mixed with a catalyst. It is used as a bond implant material and as the resin component of dental sealants and composite restorative materials.	2.8	3	0	diarylmethane
strontium carbonate [no description available]	3.46	7	0
methyl tert-butyl ether methyl tert-butyl ether: used to dissolve gallstones; gasoline additive. methyl tert-butyl ether : An ether having methyl and tert-butyl as the two alkyl components.	2.73	3	0	ether	fuel additive; metabolite; non-polar solvent
tetrabutylammonium tetrabutylammonium: lipophilic probe; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.47	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
2,6-dichlorobenzamide [no description available]	2.15	1	0	benzamides; dichlorobenzene	herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	1.96	1	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
1,6-diaminohexane 1,6-diaminohexane: Russian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. hexane-1,6-diamine : A C6 alkane-alpha,omega-diamine.	2.08	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	human xenobiotic metabolite
azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid azetidyl-2-carboxylic acid: a proline analog (with 4-membered ring in place of 5); a toxic non-protein amino acid that is misincorporated into protein in place of proline; induces nonfunctional heat-shock proteins; inhibits acquired thermotolerance; RN given refers to (L)-isomer; found in beets and Liliaceae. (S)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid : The (S)-enantiomer of azetidine-2-carboxylic acid.. azetidinecarboxylic acid : A member of the class of azetidines that is azetidine substituted by at least one carboxy group at unspecified position.	2.1	1	0	azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
n-isopropylacrylamide N-isopropylacrylamide: can polymerize with glycidyl acrylate to form reactive water-soluble polymer that can react with the amino groups of enzymes-proteins or other ligands	2.07	1	0
octachloronaphthalene Perna: A genus of freshwater mussel in the family MYTILIDAE, class BIVALVIA. It is found in tropical and warm temperate coastal waters. Most species have green in their shells.	3.03	4	0
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	2.25	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.05	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.	2.35	2	0	fucopyranose; L-fucose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
sulfur hexafluoride Sulfur Hexafluoride: Sulfur hexafluoride. An inert gas used mainly as a test gas in respiratory physiology. Other uses include its injection in vitreoretinal surgery to restore the vitreous chamber and as a tracer in monitoring the dispersion and deposition of air pollutants.. sulfur hexafluoride : A sulfur coordination entity consisting of six fluorine atoms attached to a central sulfur atom. It is the most potent greenhouse gas currently known, with a global warming potential of 23,900 times that of CO2 over a 100 year period (SF6 has an estimated lifetime in the atmosphere of between 800 and 3,000 years).	2.03	1	0	sulfur coordination entity	greenhouse gas; NMR chemical shift reference compound; ultrasound contrast agent
stearyl stearate octadecyl stearate: found in psoriatic nail, but not in normal nails	2.02	1	0
4-dioxanone 4-dioxanone: starting material for polymer polydioxanone which is used as a suture material	2.05	1	0
copper(ii) nitrate copper(II) nitrate : An inorganic nitrate salt having copper(2+) as the couterion.	2.21	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	2.46	2	0	primary alcohol
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	4.14	15	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
nickel carbonate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	2.39	2	0	thujene	plant metabolite
zinc carbonate [no description available]	4.54	5	1	organooxygen compound
streptomycin [no description available]	1.94	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	13.52	376	8	carbon oxoanion
butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine: A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine.. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that has butyl and 4-hydroxybutyl substituents. In mice, it causes high-grade, invasive cancers in the urinary bladder, but not in any other tissues.	1.97	1	0	nitrosamine; primary alcohol	carcinogenic agent
Brilliant Blue brilliant blue: coal tar derivative food dye; used as the di-NH4 or di-Na salts; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.43	2	0	organic molecular entity
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.15	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	4.26	4	1	dioxolane
stearoyl-2-lactylic acid stearoyl-2-lactylic acid: RN given refers to Ca salt	2.11	1	0
terbutylazine terbutylazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N-tert-butyl-N'-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.	2	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
4-deethylatrazine desethylatrazine: a chlorotriazine herbicide; structure in first source. deethylatrazine : A chloro-1,3,5-triazine that is 6-chloro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a propan-2-yl group.	2.15	1	0	chloro-1,3,5-triazine; diamino-1,3,5-triazine	marine xenobiotic metabolite
ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate: structure. ammonium nitrate : The ammonium salt of nitric acid.	3.12	5	0	ammonium salt; inorganic molecular entity; inorganic nitrate salt	explosive; fertilizer; oxidising agent
olaflur Olaflur: cariostatic agent	2.06	1	0
sodium metasilicate sodium metasilicate: RN given refers to silicic acid, di-Na salt. sodium silicate : An inorganic sodium salt having silicate as the counterion.	6.08	3	2	inorganic sodium salt
tetrapotassium pyrophosphate [no description available]	2.11	1	0
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	3.08	5	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	15.65	69	26	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	2.41	1	0	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	11.63	39	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	4.23	17	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	3.31	6	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
neptunium Neptunium: A radioactive element of the actinide metals family. It has the atomic symbol Np, and atomic number 93.	2.98	4	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
neodymium Neodymium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Nd, atomic number 60, and atomic weight 144.24, and is used in industrial applications.	2.17	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
niobium Niobium: A metal element atomic number 41, atomic weight 92.906, symbol Nb.	2.13	1	0	vanadium group element atom
osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os.	1.99	1	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	3.12	5	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	2.82	3	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
plutonium Plutonium: A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, and atomic number 94. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.	2.02	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.69	3	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
scandium Scandium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sc, atomic number 21, and atomic weight 45.	3.25	5	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	4.36	18	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
tantalum Tantalum: A rare metallic element, atomic number 73, atomic weight 180.948, symbol Ta. It is a noncorrosive and malleable metal that has been used for plates or disks to replace cranial defects, for wire sutures, and for making prosthetic devices.	2.13	1	0	vanadium group element atom
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	2.81	3	0	manganese group element atom
thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.	4.27	17	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	8.6	49	1	titanium group element atom
americium Americium: A completely man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Am, and atomic number 95. Its valence can range from +3 to +6. Because of its nonmagnetic ground state, it is an excellent superconductor. It is also used in bone mineral analysis and as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	2.36	2	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	2.37	2	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	8.09	114	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	2.83	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	6.02	34	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
europium Europium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Eu, atomic number 63, and atomic weight 152. Europium is used in the form of its salts as coatings for cathode ray tubes and in the form of its organic derivatives as shift reagents in NMR spectroscopy.	2.46	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.77	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	5.84	28	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics.	1.99	1	0	monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom	food packaging gas
holmium Holmium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ho, atomic number 67, and atomic weight 164.93.	1.99	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	4.85	32	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	2	1	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
ytterbium Ytterbium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Yb, atomic number 70, and atomic weight 173. Ytterbium has been used in lasers and as a portable x-ray source.	2.11	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	2.11	1	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	3.23	6	0	titanium group element atom
californium Californium: A man-made radioactive actinide with atomic symbol Cf, atomic number 98, and atomic weight 251. Its valence can be +2 or +3. Californium has medical use as a radiation source for radiotherapy.	1.96	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
lead sulfate lead sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Pb-SO4	2.45	2	0
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	2.02	1	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	4.05	15	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	2.07	1	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	6.05	10	1	sodium phosphate
sodium nitrate sodium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of sodium.	2.11	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; inorganic sodium salt	fertilizer; NMR chemical shift reference compound
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	2.47	2	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
nickel chloride nickel chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ni-Cl2. nickel dichloride : A compound of nickel and chloride in which the ratio of nickel (in the +2 oxidation state) to chloride is 1:2.	2.47	2	0	nickel coordination entity	calcium channel blocker; hapten
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	5.66	10	2	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt.	1.96	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	2.92	4	0	diatomic bromine
potassium persulfate [no description available]	2.45	2	0
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	6.49	14	1	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	2.71	3	0	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
potassium nitrate potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.	11.07	14	9	inorganic nitrate salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
sodium sulfate [no description available]	2.4	2	0	inorganic sodium salt
magnesium phosphate (2:3) [no description available]	3.06	5	0	inorganic magnesium salt
calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous: molecular formula CaHPO(4), DCPA=dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; don't confuse with dichloropropionanilide which also is called DCPA; MW=136.06; has greater surface area and lower pH than DCPD (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate); occurs in nature as monetite; an intermediate in preparing hydroxyapatite	10.89	73	5	calcium phosphate
calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous calcium phosphate, monobasic: MW 234.05	10.61	68	4	calcium phosphate	fertilizer
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	16.86	328	21	calcium phosphate
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	2.77	3	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.92	4	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
silver nitrate Silver Nitrate: A silver salt with powerful germicidal activity. It has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.	2.11	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; silver salt	astringent
sodium thiosulfate sodium thiosulfate: do not confuse synonym sodium hyposulfite with sodium hyposulfite, synonym for di-Na salt of dithionous acid. sodium thiosulfate : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and thiosulfate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	antidote to cyanide poisoning; antifungal drug; nephroprotective agent
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	8.42	103	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
potassium dichromate Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.	1.96	1	0	potassium salt	allergen; oxidising agent; sensitiser
potassium sulfate potassium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-H2SO4	2.02	1	0	inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt
zinc phosphate zinc phosphate: RN given refers to unspecified Zn salt; see also record for ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT RN 7779-90-0; hopeite was non-print entry term to ZINC PHOSPHATE CEMENT 1982-91	2.44	2	0
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	3.18	5	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	3.73	10	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	4.12	15	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
nitrous acid Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
magnesium fluoride [no description available]	2.06	1	0
silicon tetrafluoride silicon fluoride: RN given refers to cpd with MF unknown	2.01	1	0
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	2.41	1	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
molybdate ion molybdate : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from molybdic acid	2.25	1	0	divalent inorganic anion; molybdenum oxoanion	Escherichia coli metabolite
calcium pyrophosphate Calcium Pyrophosphate: An inorganic pyrophosphate which affects calcium metabolism in mammals. Abnormalities in its metabolism occur in some human diseases, notably HYPOPHOSPHATASIA and pseudogout (CHONDROCALCINOSIS).	3.27	6	0	calcium phosphate
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	1.94	1	0
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.78	3	0	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
ferric sulfate ferric sulfate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[3:2] salt). iron(3+) sulfate : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(3+) to sulfate ions is 3:2.	2.77	3	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	astringent; catalyst; mordant
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	3.31	6	0	aluminium sulfate
radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.	3.61	8	0	monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
lead nitrate lead nitrate: RN given refers to unspecified lead nitrate	2.41	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; lead coordination entity
calcium sulfate dihydrate phosphogypsum: used as fertilizer and in construction materials such as bricks, plaster etc; contains 11 components; found as industrial waste	3.22	5	0	calcium salt; hydrate
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.52	2	0	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.04	1	0	cadmium coordination entity
cadmium sulfate cadmium sulfate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Cd-H2SO4	2.08	1	0	cadmium salt
calcium nitrate calcium nitrate: an amylopsin activator. calcium nitrate : Inorganic nitrate salt of calcium.	3.48	7	0	calcium salt; inorganic nitrate salt	fertilizer
calcium chlorate [no description available]	2.13	1	0
barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.	2.08	1	0	barium salt; inorganic chloride	potassium channel blocker
magnesium nitrate magnesium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of magnesium.	2.02	1	0	inorganic nitrate salt; magnesium salt	fertilizer
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	1.94	1	0
stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes.	1.96	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	anabolic agent; androgen
rhamnose [no description available]	1.95	1	0	L-rhamnose
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	1.96	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.41	1	0	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
chrysotile Asbestos, Serpentine: A type of asbestos that occurs in nature as the dihydrate of magnesium silicate. It exists in two forms: antigorite, a plated variety, and chrysotile, a fibrous variety. The latter makes up 95% of all asbestos products. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p.893)	2.8	3	0
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	5.52	9	2	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
tricalcium silicate tricalcium silicate: might be used as injectable bioactive cement	3.35	6	0
glucoheptonate glucoheptonic acid : A carbohydrate acid that is heptanoic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, and C-7.	3.64	1	1	carbohydrate acid; monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	5.45	19	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
calcium chromate(vi) calcium chromate(VI): RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
technetium 99m Technegas: ultrafine ventilatory agent; produced from technetium pertechnetate and graphite in an argon environment	2.31	1	0	technetium atom
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	2.07	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
fluorides [no description available]	18.09	180	74	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
stannic oxide tin dioxide : A tin oxide compound consisting of tin(IV) covalently bound to two oxygen atoms.	2.08	1	0	tin oxide
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	5.19	14	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
iodine [no description available]	2.5	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	2.17	1	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	16.02	108	30	benzenes; phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	2.31	1	0	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
1,4-dioxane 1,4-dioxane: dehydrating agent; polar solvent miscible both with water & most organic solvents. dioxane : Any member of the class of dioxanes that is a cyclohexane in which two carbon atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms.. 1,4-dioxane : A dioxane with oxygen atoms at positions 1 and 4.	2.03	1	0	dioxane; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; non-polar solvent
carbamide peroxide Carbamide Peroxide: A urea peroxide compound that is commonly used in tooth whitening agents; topical anti-infective agents, and earwax remover.. urea hydrogen peroxide : A mixture obtained by combining equimolar amounts of hydrogen peroxide and urea.	2.43	2	0	mixture	disinfectant; oxidising agent; reagent
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	2.01	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	3.23	6	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	2.6	1	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.	2.17	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antiprotozoal drug
fanft FANFT: A potent nitrofuran derivative tumor initiator. It causes bladder tumors in all animals studied and is mutagenic to many bacteria.	1.97	1	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	8.68	56	1	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	3.19	5	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
poly-n,n-dimethyl-n,n-diallylammonium chloride diallyldimethylammonium chloride: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	2.06	1	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	5.62	6	3	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
benthiocarb Saturn: The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan.	2.08	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; monothiocarbamic ester
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.69	3	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.54	2	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
acetosulfame acetosulfame: RN given refers to parent cpd. acesulfame : A sulfamate ester that is 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by a methyl group at position 6.	2.15	1	0	organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle; sulfamate ester	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
isoproturon isoproturon : A member of the class of phenylureas that is 1,1-dimethylurea substituted by a p-cumenyl group at position 3. A selective, systemic herbicide used to control annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in cereals, its use within the EU has been banned after September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	7.94	4	0	3-(3,4-substituted-phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
lentinan [no description available]	2.25	1	0
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	2.02	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.13	1	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
1-carboxyglutamic acid 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications.	1.97	1	0
impromidine Impromidine: A highly potent and specific histamine H2 receptor agonist. It has been used diagnostically as a gastric secretion indicator.	1.96	1	0
epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.	2.21	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
naftifine naftifine: allylamine der; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. naftifine : A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections.	2.31	1	0	allylamine antifungal drug; naphthalenes; tertiary amine	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	2.07	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.	4.67	3	2	hydrochloride	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	3.82	2	1	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.25	1	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
atorvastatin [no description available]	2.42	2	0	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	3.43	1	1
tertiary-amyl methyl ether tertiary-amyl methyl ether: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
ferric citrate ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).	6.59	5	1	iron chelate	anti-anaemic agent; nutraceutical
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.03	1	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
florisil Florisil: hard, porous, granular substance used in vitamin analysis, chromatography, & antibiotic processing	2.1	1	0
radon [no description available]	2.13	1	0	radon atom
dolomite calcium magnesium carbonate: mineral recommended by lay periodicals as a desirable source of calcium & magnesium, but found to be also a source of potentially toxic heavy metals	10.77	250	2
tantalum oxide tantalum oxide: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; used for surgical implants	2.13	1	0
acridine orange Acridine Orange: A cationic cytochemical stain specific for cell nuclei, especially DNA. It is used as a supravital stain and in fluorescence cytochemistry. It may cause mutations in microorganisms.. acridine orange : Fluorescent dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively.. acridine orange free base : A member of the class of aminoacridines that is acridine carrying two dimethylamino substituents at positions 3 and 6. The hydrochloride salt is the fluorescent dye 'acridine orange', used for cell cycle determination.	2.44	2	0	aminoacridines; aromatic amine; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.	3.14	5	0	inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt
caloreen caloreen: glucose polymer with average length of five glucose units for dietary energy supplement. dextrin : Glucans produced by the hydrolysis of starch or glycogen. They are mixtures of polymers of D-glucose units linked by alpha(1->4) or alpha(1->6) glycosidic bonds.	1.98	1	0
radon-220 atom [no description available]	2.31	1	0	radon atom
colestipol Colestipol: Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.. colestipol : A high molecular weight copolymer of diethylenetriamine and epichlorohydrin (hydrochloride), with approximately 1 out of 5 amine nitrogens protonated. Due to the highly cross-linked and insoluble nature of the material, no structural formula has been assigned and no specific molecular weight information is available. A basic anion exchange resin, it is used as its hydrochloride for binding bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption.	1.96	1	0
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	3.14	1	0	hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	6.07	26	1	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	3.4	1	1	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
aluminum phosphate aluminum phosphate: gel used as immunologic adjuvent; RN given refers to Al salt	3.77	2	1
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	2.46	2	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	3.85	2	1	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
beta-lysylmethanediamine beta-lysylmethanediamine: from Streptomyces nashvillensis; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
oseltamivir Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.	3.39	1	1	acetamides; amino acid ester; cyclohexenecarboxylate ester; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; prodrug; xenobiotic
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	2.99	4	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol: a surface-active agent. distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol : A phosphatidylglycerol in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both stearoyl.	2.01	1	0	phosphatidylglycerol
nile red nile red : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-one substituted at position 9 by a diethylamino group.	2.04	1	0	aromatic amine; cyclic ketone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	fluorochrome; histological dye
fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd	15.02	57	39	fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative
surfactin peptide surfactin peptide: antineoplastic product isolated from Bacillus sp.	2.49	2	0
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate: for detection of alkaline phosphatase; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse with AMPS cpd	2.04	1	0	organosulfonic acid
iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position.	2.06	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
mci-196 colestimide: a 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin polymer; bile acid and methotrexate anion-exchange resin	3.43	1	1
nitrogen pentoxide nitrogen pentoxide: structure	2.02	1	0	nitrogen oxide
divinyl benzene [no description available]	2.15	1	0	styrenes
benzeneboronic acid [no description available]	2.31	1	0	boronic acids
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	2.08	1	0	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.07	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	2.21	1	0	anthocyanidin chloride
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	2	1	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	5.89	8	3	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
beta-hydroxyisovaleric acid 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid : A 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Used as indicator of biotin deficiency.	1.99	1	0	3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
4(5)-phenylimidazole 4(5)-phenylimidazole: tautomeric cpd; cytochrome P450 14alpha-sterol demethylase, CYP51 antagonist	2.41	1	0
trichlorosucrose trichlorosucrose: sweetness intensity roughly 600 times that of sucrose and is nonnutritive and noncaloric; largely unabsorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. sucralose : A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.	2.05	1	0	disaccharide derivative; organochlorine compound	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
ceric oxide ceric oxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF CeO2. ceric oxide : A metal oxide with formula CeO2. It is used for polishing glass, in coatings for infra-red filters to prevent reflection, and as an oxidant and catalyst in organic synthesis.	2.11	1	0	cerium molecular entity; metal oxide
methylimidazoleacetic acid methylimidazoleacetic acid: urinary metabolite of histamine & end product of histamine metabolism; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl group.. 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	1.99	1	0	imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid	GABA agonist; metabolite
tricine N-tris(hydroxymethyl)methylglycine : A Good's buffer substance, pKa = 8.15 at 20 degreeC.	2.02	1	0	tricine
ytterbium fluoride [no description available]	2.11	1	0
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	2.21	1	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
cadmium telluride cadmium telluride: used in radiation monitoring device	2.03	1	0
goethite [no description available]	4.25	17	0
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	7.31	5	5	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,8-dihydroxyadenine 2,8-dihydroxyadenine: xanthine oxidase reacted adenine metabolite in epidermis of hairless mice; component of urinary stores; structure. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 8. It is a highly insoluble metabolite of adenine that causes radiolucent urolithiasis. It is produced by individuals who suffer from adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency, a rare autosomal recessive error of purine metabolism.	3.06	1	0	6-aminopurines; diol; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; oxopurine	human urinary metabolite; mammalian metabolite; mouse metabolite; nephrotoxic agent
annatto annatto: coloring matter from seeds of Bixa orellana L., Bixaceae; contains bixin and pigments that give carotene reactions; induces hyperglycemia	3.47	1	1
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	4.04	4	0
oxadiargyl oxadiargyl: an herbicide; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	7.8	50	1	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
prolamins Prolamins: A group of seed storage proteins restricted to the POACEAE family. They are rich in GLUTAMINE and PROLINE.	2.11	1	0
glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil): structure	1.94	1	0
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure	2.21	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleosides
methyl mannoside, (alpha-d)-isomer methylmannoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; see also record for 3-O-methylmannose. methyl alpha-D-mannoside : A methyl mannoside having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.	2.15	1	0	alpha-D-mannoside; methyl mannoside
1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at C-1 and C-2 is stearoyl.	2.21	1	0	phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion; phosphatidylethanolamine	human metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	5.13	14	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
chlorates Chlorates: Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.	2.13	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.49	2	0	oligopeptide
calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate: Molecular formula CaHPO(4)-2(H2O)	6.07	15	2	calcium salt; hydrate
vitamin b 6 Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.	7.3	4	3
s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available]	2.13	1	0	glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound	bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule
eudragit rs Eudragit RS: copolymer of acrylic & methacrylic acid esters & quaternary ammonium groups; used for microcapsules	2.02	1	0
artesunic acid [no description available]	2.41	1	0
dihydrorhodamine 123 dihydrorhodamine 123: uncharged & nonfluorescent derivative of the laser dye rhodamine 123; flow cytometric indicator for respiratory burst activity in neutrophil granulocytes	2.08	1	0
pyridinoline pyridinoline: 3-hydroxypyridinium derivative collagen crosslink; structure	3.38	1	1	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
deoxypyridinoline deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source	5.41	5	3
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	2.6	1	0	proanthocyanidin
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	2.65	3	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
sulfur monoxide [no description available]	2.07	1	0	sulfur oxide
1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine [no description available]	2.04	1	0
n-hydroxy-2-aminopyrene [no description available]	2.6	1	0
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	2.63	2	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane- 1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid: structure given in first source. DOTA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 of a twelve-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.	2.11	1	0	azamacrocycle	chelator; copper chelator
weddellite weddellite: calcium oxalate (stones) mineral	2.41	2	0
astragaloside a [no description available]	1.99	1	0
niobium pentoxide [no description available]	2.13	1	0
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	2.77	3	0	fullerene	geroprotector
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	3.48	1	1	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
mk 0663 [no description available]	3.42	1	1	bipyridines; organochlorine compound; sulfone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells.	2.51	2	0	dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols	eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule
octacalcium phosphate octacalcium phosphate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Ca4-(H3PO4)3; see also record for synthos (beta-tricalcium phosphate) & calcium phosphate	5.48	5	1
3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl)-2-quinolinecarboxaldehyde: reagent for ultrasensitive determination of primary amines by capillary electrophoresis using laser fluorescence detection; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	benzoic acids; quinolines	fluorochrome
methotrexate [no description available]	3.8	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
verticine verticine: structure	1.99	1	0	alkaloid
zinquin zinquin: zinquin is an ethyl ester in second source; specific chelator for zinc(II)	2.03	1	0
lac dye lac dye: possible food coloring agent which is completely nontoxic at low doses; lac dye is water soluble constituent of stick lac (commercial lac resin); lac resin is hardened secretion of insect Laccifer lacca (lac insect). 4-{[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl}phenyl-beta-lactoside : A glycoside comprising beta-lactose having a p-(p-dimethylaminophenylazo)phenyl group at the 1-position.. LAC dye : A four-component mixture of dyes obtained from the secretions of the insect species Laccifer lacca. The four components of LAC are laccaic acids A, B, C and D of which laccaic acid A is the most abundant.	2.13	1	0	disaccharide derivative; glycoside; monoazo compound	dye
aspartame [no description available]	2.15	1	0	carboxylic acid; dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide; methyl ester	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; micronutrient; nutraceutical; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	1.96	1	0	D-xylose
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	3.89	2	1	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.15	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
tariquidar [no description available]	2.15	1	0	benzamides
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	3.85	2	1	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
allophanic acid urea-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of ureas that is urea in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a carboxy group.	2.03	1	0	ureas
borneo Borneo: An island in the Malay Archipelago, east of Sumatra, north of Java, and west of Celebes. It is the third largest island in the world. Its name is a Portuguese alteration of BRUNEI, located on it. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p163; Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p73)	2.82	2	0	organofluorine acaricide
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.46	2	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
cinacalcet cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.	6.17	5	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; secondary amino compound	calcimimetic; P450 inhibitor
calcium aluminate [no description available]	2.07	1	0
sodium percarbonate sodium percarbonate: RN given refers to unspecified Na salt	2.06	1	0
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.58	2	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
calcium aluminium phosphate calcium aluminium phosphate: a porous ceramic	1.98	1	0
calcium pyrophosphate [no description available]	10.59	67	4
diopside [no description available]	2.02	1	0
rhenanite rhenanite: a ceramic used in the preparation of bioactive glass composites	4.8	2	1
amplex red Amplex Red: a component of the Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit	2.05	1	0
peiminine peiminine: isolated from Fritillaria verticillata; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer	1.99	1	0	alkaloid
calcium magnesium phosphate calcium magnesium phosphate: Russian trade name	2.21	1	0
lanthanum carbonate lanthanum carbonate: a phosphate binder used for hyperphosphatemia treatment in end-stage renal disease	15.33	60	25
iron (3+) oxalate Sensodyne: a commercial dentifrice; contains 5% potassium nitrate, 0.76% sodium monofluorophosphate in a dicalcium phosphate dihydrate base	4.93	4	2
lactogluconic acid [no description available]	4.86	4	2
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	8.31	6	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	1.98	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	3.74	3	0
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	5.64	13	0
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	3	4	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
nickel monoxide [no description available]	2.08	1	0
esketamine esketamine : The S- (more active) enantiomer of ketamine.	2.41	1	0	ketamine	analgesic; intravenous anaesthetic; NMDA receptor antagonist
difructose anhydride iii difructose anhydride III: a non-reducing derivative of inulobiose	2.03	1	0	sugar dianhydride
chlorite [no description available]	2.17	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
fe(iii)-edta Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.41	1	0	iron coordination entity
sorafenib [no description available]	2.55	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	2.38	2	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	4.05	3	1	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
delrin delrin: linear polyoxymethylene type acetal resin made by polymerization of formaldehyde; RN refers to multi-polymer	3.35	1	0
cortisone [no description available]	1.95	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	2.96	4	0
potassium bromide potassium bromide : A metal bromide salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.07	1	0	potassium salt
taurochenodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. taurochenodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurochenodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. taurochenodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of chenodeoxycholic acid.	1.97	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
calcein am calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.	2.02	1	0	2-benzofurans; acetate ester; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.	2	1	0
permanganate [no description available]	2.47	2	0	manganese oxoacid
s-adenosylhomocysteine S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine.	4.39	1	1	adenosines; amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine derivative; homocysteines; organic sulfide	cofactor; EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor; epitope; fundamental metabolite
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.66	3	0
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	3.29	6	0	peptide
amylopectin Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.	2.41	1	0
glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.	2.65	3	0	D-glucosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite
elastin [no description available]	2.46	2	0	oligopeptide
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	3.13	1	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.11	1	0
diaminopimelic acid Diaminopimelic Acid: A diamino derivative of heptanedioic acid with amino groups at C-2 and C-6 and the general formula (COOH)CH(NH2)CH2CH2CH2CH(NH2)(COOH).. LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid : A 2,6-diaminopimelic acid in which both chiral centres have S configuration. It is a component of bacterial cell wall.	3.5	7	0	2,6-diaminopimelic acid; amino acid zwitterion	Escherichia coli metabolite
tartaric acid tartaric acid: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. D-tartaric acid : The D-enantiomer of tartaric acid.	2.41	2	0	tartaric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.53	2	0	cellotriose
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	1.96	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	2.4	2	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.	2.02	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
indican [no description available]	3.7	1	1	beta-D-glucoside; exopolysaccharide; indolyl carbohydrate
genipin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	iridoid monoterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; hepatotoxic agent; uncoupling protein inhibitor
palustrine palustrine: RN given refers to (13S-(13R(R),16aR*))-isomer	2.25	1	0	azamacrocycle; lactam
tibolone tibolone: used in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. tibolone : Estran-3-one with a double bond between positions 5 and 10, and bearing both an ethynyl group and a hydroxy group at position 17 (R-configuration). A synthetic steroid hormone drug which acts as an agonist at all five type I steroid hormone receptors, it is used in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis and for treatment of endometriosis.	3.47	1	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	bone density conservation agent; hormone agonist
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.97	4	0	cyclodextrin
ergosterol [no description available]	2.07	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	3.87	2	1	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	1.97	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-cyclodextrin alpha-cyclodextrin : A cycloamylose composed of six alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units.	2.06	1	0	cyclodextrin
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	7.06	10	3	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.44	2	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	3.4	1	1	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferric hydroxide ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9	4.57	4	0
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	2.07	1	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	3.83	11	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	4.36	4	1	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
lycopene [no description available]	3.51	1	1	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
gs 4071 GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.	3.39	1	1	acetate ester; amino acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; primary amino compound	antiviral drug; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; marine xenobiotic metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	3.33	1	1	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	2.58	2	0	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	2.44	2	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
maltitol maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.	2.03	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; glycosyl alditol	laxative; metabolite; sweetening agent
potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed)	2.67	3	0
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	12.37	73	16	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
potassium bicarbonate potassium hydrogencarbonate : A potassium salt that is the monopotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has fungicidal properties and is used in organic farming for the control of powdery mildew and apple scab.	2.06	1	0	organic salt; potassium salt	antifungal agrochemical; buffer; food acidity regulator; raising agent
sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.	2.05	1	0	organic sodium salt	NMR chemical shift reference compound
ammonium carbonate ammonium carbonate: see also record for ammonium bicarbonate (mono-NH4 salt)	2.93	4	0
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	2.68	3	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
diisononyl phthalate diisononyl phthalate: dielectric (electric insulating) fluid. diisononyl phthalate : The diisononyl ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.03	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	plasticiser
carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.	1.95	1	0	triterpenoid
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	2.13	1	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
glycosides [no description available]	1.94	1	0
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.05	1	0	isomethyleugenol
citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange.	3.35	1	0	enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	2.01	1	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	7.41	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.	3.35	1	0	morphinane alkaloid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	8.32	16	4	diphosphate ion
s 1033 [no description available]	3.47	1	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; imidazoles; pyridines; pyrimidines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
2-mercaptobenzimidazole 2-mercaptobenzimidazole: purine synthesis antimetabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1	0
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	3.27	5	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	2.01	1	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.07	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.88	4	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning.	3.84	2	1	dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid	chelator
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: structure in first source	2.48	2	0
nadp [no description available]	2.41	1	0
estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.36	1	1	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
ranitidine Ranitidine: A non-imidazole blocker of those histamine receptors that mediate gastric secretion (H2 receptors). It is used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers.. ranitidine : A member of the class of furans used to treat peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease.	5.66	5	4	C-nitro compound; furans; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound	anti-ulcer drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; H2-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	2.76	3	0
pica Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.	2.44	2	0
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol: structure in first source. phytantriol : A triol that consists of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane bearing three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.	2.21	1	0	triol
6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine 6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine: an mGlu5 antagonist. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine : A methylpyridine that coinsists of 2-methylp[yridine bearing an additional phenylethynyl group at position 6. Potent and highly selective non-competitive antagonist at the mGlu5 receptor subtype (IC50 = 36 nM) and a positive allosteric modulator at mGlu4 receptors. Centrally active following systemic administration in vivo. Reverses mechanical hyperalgesia in the inflamed rat hind paw.	2.11	1	0	acetylenic compound; methylpyridines	anxiolytic drug; metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	4.52	7	0	alkali metal atom
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	2.06	1	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	3.33	6	0	nitrogen oxide
dermatan sulfate Dermatan Sulfate: A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed). alpha-L-IdopA-(1->3)-beta-D-GalpNAc4S : An oligosaccharide sulfate that is 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-sulfo-beta-D-galactopyranose in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-idopyranuronoside.. dermatan sulfate : Any of a group of glycosaminoglycans with repeating units consisting of variously sulfated beta1->4-linked L-iduronyl-(alpha1->3)-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine units.	2.4	2	0	amino disaccharide; glycosylgalactose derivative; iduronic acids; oligosaccharide sulfate
nizatidine Nizatidine: A histamine H2 receptor antagonist with low toxicity that inhibits gastric acid secretion. The drug is used for the treatment of duodenal ulcers.. nizatidine : A member of the class of 1,3-thiazoles having a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at position 2 and an alkylthiomethyl moiety at position 4.	3.59	1	1
cystine [no description available]	5.19	9	0
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	2.17	1	0	benzazepine
formyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.05	1	0	acyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite
mycosubtiline mycosubtiline: antifungal agent isolated from Bacillus subtilis which is a mixture of homologous lipopeptides	2.04	1	0
phosphonic acid phosphonic acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of a single pentavalent phosphorus covalently bound via single bonds to a single hydrogen and two hydroxy groups and via a double bond to an oxygen. The parent of the class of phosphonic acids.	2.06	1	0
riopan [no description available]	3.82	2	1
bacillomycin d bacillomycin D: from strain of Bacillus subtilis; contains lipid moiety which is mixture of 3-amino-12-methyltridecanoic acid (40%) & 3-amino-12-methyltetradecanoic acid (60%) & peptide moiety: L-Asp(1), L-Glu(1), L-Pro(1), D-Ser(1), L-Thr(1) & D-Tyr(1); two moieties joined by threonyl beta-aminoacid linkage; see also bacillomycin L & bacillomycin S	2.04	1	0
phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function.	2.04	1	0	L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite
poly(sodium vinyl sulfonate) lyapolate: sulfonic acid polymers represent a new class of HIV inhibitors	2.55	2	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	3.99	13	0
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	6.23	10	1	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes	2.06	1	0
alizarin red s Alizarin Red S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. alizarin red S : An organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals.	1.96	1	0	organic sodium salt; organosulfonate salt	histological dye
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	2.48	2	0
tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate: used for labeling of antibodies with fluorochromes; easily dissolved with DMSO; conjugates with immunoglobulins	2.07	1	0
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.49	2	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	4.35	4	1	long-chain fatty acid
4-cresol sulfate p-cresol sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is p-cresol in which the phenolic hydrogen has been replaced by a sulfo group.	3.7	1	1	aryl sulfate	gut flora metabolite; human metabolite; uremic toxin
quercetin [no description available]	2.6	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	8.46	46	1	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.37	2	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	6.59	4	2	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	1.96	1	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.11	1	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	16.59	121	35	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	2.68	3	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.02	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa.	9.34	18	4	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide
cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.	16.75	88	45	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	2.48	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.85	2	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.01	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
pyrantel pamoate Pyrantel Pamoate: Broad spectrum antinematodal anthelmintic used also in veterinary medicine.	2.21	1	0	organic molecular entity
oxantel pamoate [no description available]	2.21	1	0	naphthoic acid
paricalcitol [no description available]	2.01	1	0	hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane	antiparathyroid drug
picromycin picromycin: structure. pikromycin : A macrolide antibiotic that is biosynthesised by Streptomyces venezuelae.	2.11	1	0	enone; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative	bacterial metabolite
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	6.41	3	2	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
menatetrenone menaquinone-4 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 4 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	3.39	1	1	menaquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; bone density conservation agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	1.97	1	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.	2.1	1	0	1-acylglycerol 18:1; monooleoylglycerol	plant metabolite
menaquinone 6 menaquinone 6: RN given refers to (all-E)-isomer	5.09	9	1
codeine [no description available]	3.34	1	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
phenylephrine hydrochloride Nose: A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.. phenylephrine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride salt of phenylephrine.	1.93	1	0	hydrochloride
acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9.	2.02	1	0	acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid	keratolytic drug
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	3.35	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones.	2.01	1	0	phylloquinones; vitamin K	cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.1	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.38	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
latanoprost Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.	3.8	1	1	isopropyl ester; prostaglandins Falpha; triol	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; prodrug
magnesium trisilicate magnesium trisilicate: RN given refers to parent cpd	4.74	9	0
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	1.95	1	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	2.05	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
casein kinase ii Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.	2.11	1	0
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	14.55	119	3	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
tin [no description available]	3.09	5	0	carbon group element atom; elemental tin; metal atom	micronutrient
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	3.49	7	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	2.76	3	0	alkali metal atom
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	3.53	8	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	12.08	86	8	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	12.21	57	9	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	6.99	15	6	metal atom; pnictogen
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	7.7	3	0	boron group element atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	6.42	50	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	2.38	2	0	boron group element atom
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	3.35	1	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	5.71	78	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	2.05	1	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
beryllium Beryllium: An element with the atomic symbol Be, atomic number 4, and atomic weight 9.01218. Short exposure to this element can lead to a type of poisoning known as BERYLLIOSIS.. beryllium atom : Alkaline earth metal atom with atomic number 4.	2.67	3	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental beryllium; metal allergen	adjuvant; carcinogenic agent; epitope
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	3.39	7	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	6.49	34	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	18.6	294	53	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	3.77	10	0	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
phytochlorin phytochlorin: RN given refers to (2S-trans)-isomer; structure given in the first source	2.61	2	0
strontium radioisotopes Strontium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of strontium that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. Sr 80-83, 85, and 89-95 are radioactive strontium isotopes.	3.57	8	0
guanylin guanylin: from rat jejunum; contains 15 amino acids; activator of intestinal guanylate cyclase; stimulates this enzyme through the same receptor binding region as the heat-stable enterotoxins; amino acid sequence given in first source; GenBank Z73607 (pig)	2.13	1	0
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dilC18(3)(1+) : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindoleinine units at each end.	2.21	1	0	Cy5 dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	2.21	1	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
25-hydroxyvitamin d 2 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2: 9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.	3.16	1	0	hydroxycalciol; seco-ergostane; vitamin D	bone density conservation agent; human xenobiotic metabolite; nutraceutical
cinidon-ethyl Lotus: A genus of the PEA FAMILY. The genus Lotus, formerly known as Tetragonolobus, is unrelated to other plants with the common name of lotus (NELUMBO and NYMPHAEA).. cinidon ethyl : A carboxylic ester and organochlorine compound that is the ethyl ester of cinidon.	2.07	1	0	ethyl ester; isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	3.49	8	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
magnesium citrate magnesium citrate : A magnesium salt composed of magnesium and dibasic citrate ions in a 1:1 ratio.. trimagnesium dicitrate : A magnesium salt composed of magnesium and citrate ions in a 3:2 ratio.	2.08	1	0	magnesium salt	laxative
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	3.11	1	0
menaquinone 9 menaquinone-9 : A menaquinone whose side-chain contains 9 isoprene units in an all-trans-configuration.	3.25	5	0	menaquinone	Escherichia coli metabolite
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	3.51	8	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	2.03	1	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
radium Radium: A radioactive element of the alkaline earth series of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Radium is the product of the disintegration of URANIUM and is present in pitchblende and all ores containing uranium. It is used clinically as a source of beta and gamma-rays in radiotherapy, particularly BRACHYTHERAPY.	8.91	11	0	alkaline earth metal atom
thorium x thorium X: used in therapy of Bechterew's disease	2.63	2	0
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	5.98	36	0
aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, drug combination aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, simethicone drug combination: antacid contains aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and simethicone; mylanta II contains aluminum/magnesium hydroxide mixture	5.3	7	2
aluminum citrate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
whewellite whewellite: calcium oxalate mineral	2.17	1	0
phillipsite phillipsite: a carcinogenic zeolite; RN given refers to cpd with unknown molecular formula	2.04	1	0
alginate, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate drug combination alginate, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate drug combination: foaming antacid containing aluminum hydroxide gel, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate & alginic acid	5.51	5	3
ferrous fumarate ferrous fumarate: used in treatment of iron deficiency anemia; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt	3.79	2	1	dicarboxylic acid
simethicone Simethicone: A poly(dimethylsiloxane) which is a polymer of 200-350 units of dimethylsiloxane, along with added silica gel. It is used as an antiflatulent, surfactant, and ointment base.	1.96	1	0
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3: A physiologically active metabolite of VITAMIN D. The compound is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhancing the calcemic effect of CALCITRIOL.	3.36	1	1
aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide drug combination aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide drug combination: combination antacid containing aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate & magnesium hydroxide	3.22	6	0
cellobionic acid cellobionic acid: RN given refers to (beta-D-glucopyranosyl cpd). cellobionic acid : A disaccharide consisting beta-D-glucosyl and D-gluconic acid residues joined by a (1->4)-linkage.	2.21	1	0	carbohydrate acid; disaccharide	metabolite
beta-escin [no description available]	1.99	1	0
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	1.99	1	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	1.94	1	0	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
glutamylalanine Glu-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-glutamyl and L-alanine residues.	2.08	1	0	dipeptide	metabolite
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.	2.25	1	0	penicillanic acids
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	4	2	1	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.06	1	0
s 1743 Esomeprazole: The S-isomer of omeprazole.. esomeprazole : A 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole that has S configuration at the sulfur atom. An inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, it is used (generally as its sodium or magnesium salt) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.	2.31	1	0	magnesium salt	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
gemifloxacin Gemifloxacin: A naphthyridine and fluoroquinolone derivative antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial infections associated with chronic bronchitis.. gemifloxacin : A 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a substituted pyrrolin-1-yl group at the 7-position.	3.4	1	1	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
ferrihydrite ferric oxyhydroxide: an antiferromagnetic material; constitutes the core of natural ferritin; mol form 5Fe2O3.9H2O	3.35	6	0
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.	2.07	1	0
abiraterone acetate Abiraterone Acetate: An androstene derivative that inhibits STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE and is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant PROSTATE CANCER.. abiraterone acetate : A sterol ester obtained by formal condensation of the 3-hydroxy group of abiraterone with the carboxy group of acetic acid. A prodrug that is converted in vivo into abiraterone. Used for treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.	2.41	1	0	pyridines; sterol ester	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.99.9 (steroid 17alpha-monooxygenase) inhibitor; prodrug
efavirenz, emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate drug combination Efavirenz, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination: Inhibitor of reverse transcriptases or of RNA-directed DNA polymerases.	3.64	1	1
ursodoxicoltaurine tauroursodeoxycholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of tauroursodeoxycholic acid arising from deprotonation of the sulfonate OH group; major species at pH 7.3.. tauroursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.	1.97	1	0	bile acid taurine conjugate	anti-inflammatory agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent
pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.	2.69	3	0	organic molecular entity
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.49	2	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	2.04	1	0	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
nicotianamine nicotianamine: an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor from soy sauce. (S,S,S)-nicotianamine : The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of nicotianamine.	2.1	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; nicotianamine	chelator; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; plant metabolite
ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
zeolites [no description available]	4.83	30	0
medrogestone Medrogestone: 6,17-Dimethylpregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione. A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of progesterone. It is used in the treatment of menstrual irregularities and has also been employed in the treatment of prostatic hypertrophy and endometrial carcinoma.	3.39	1	1	corticosteroid hormone
potassium oxide potassium oxide : A metal oxide with formula K2O.	2.41	1	0	metal oxide; potassium salt
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	11.3	31	7
halichondrin b halichondrin B: from marine sponge Halichondria okadai; binds in the Vinca domain of tubulin	2.03	1	0	furopyran
calcium bicarbonate calcium hydrogen carbonate: disinfectant for influenza A viruses	3.12	5	0
calcium sulfide calcium sulfide: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for lime sulfur (calcium polysulfide)	2.51	2	0	organic molecular entity
fluorapatite fluorapatite: RN refers to fluorapatite [Ca5F(PO4)3]). apatite : A phosphate mineral with the general formula Ca5(PO4)3X where X = OH, F or Cl.. fluorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3F.	3.14	5	0
struvite Struvite: The mineral magnesium ammonium phosphate with the formula NH4MgPO4. It is associated with urea-splitting organisms in a high magnesium, high phosphate, alkaline environment. Accumulation of crystallized struvite is found in the urinary tract as struvite CALCULI and as scale on sewage system equipment and wastewater pipes.	4.32	19	0	hydrate; phosphate mineral	fertilizer
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	2.21	1	0
jwh 018 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole: structure in first source	2.41	1	0	indolecarboxamide
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	2.49	2	0
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	2.91	4	0	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
fg-4592 roxadustat: structure in first source. roxadustat : An N-acylglycine resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of glycine with the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxyisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. It is an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH).	3.7	1	1	aromatic ether; isoquinolines; N-acylglycine	EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.29 (hypoxia-inducible factor-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor
buprenorphine, naloxone drug combination Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation that combines buprenorphine, an OPIOID ANALGESICS with naloxone, a NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS to reduce the potential for NARCOTIC DEPENDENCE in the treatment of pain. It may also be used for OPIOID SUBSTITUTION THERAPY.	3.35	1	0
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2.6	1	0
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	4.67	6	1
granite granite: crystalline rock of quartz, orthoclase, muscovite & biotite	10.34	16	0	triazolopyrimidines
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	2.03	1	0
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	3.77	10	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	2.91	3	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
copper oxychloride [no description available]	2.21	1	0
nemonoxacin nemonoxacin: has antibacterial activity	3.48	1	1	quinolines
n-butylpyridinium [no description available]	2.03	1	0
enerbol Life: The state that distinguishes organisms from inorganic matter, manifested by growth, metabolism, reproduction, and adaptation. It includes the course of existence, the sum of experiences, the mode of existing, or the fact of being. Over the centuries inquiries into the nature of life have crossed the boundaries from philosophy to biology, forensic medicine, anthropology, etc., in creative as well as scientific literature. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; Dr. James H. Cassedy, NLM History of Medicine Division)	2.15	1	0
glycoursodeoxycholic acid glycoursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate derived from ursoodeoxycholic acid.. glycoursodeoxycholate : A N-acylglycinate that is the conjugate base of glycoursodeoxycholic acid. obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	1.97	1	0	bile acid glycine conjugate; N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; neuroprotective agent
dihydrotachysterol Dihydrotachysterol: A VITAMIN D that can be regarded as a reduction product of vitamin D2.. dihydrotachysterol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is 9,10-secoergosta-5,7,22-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3. A synthetic analogue of vitamin D that acts a bone density conservation agent.	4.94	12	0
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	2.13	1	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	5.22	6	2
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	2.25	1	0
calcium pidolate calcium pidolate: tradename	4.07	3	1
jaw [no description available]	2.1	1	0	indolecarboxamide
arsenopyrite arsenopyrite: structure given in first source. arsenopyrite : A sulfide mineral with formula AsFeS. It is the most abundant and widespread arsenic mineral.	2.13	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.05	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	4.18	3	1
calcitonin [no description available]	5.83	6	4
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.	2.21	1	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.38	2	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
cholera toxin, b subunit (50-64) [no description available]	2.05	1	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	5.35	19	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	1.94	1	0	peptide hormone
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	3.12	4	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.02	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	2.11	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	6.86	49	0	glycoside
sodium borate borax: see also sodium borate. borax : A hydrate that is the decahydrate form of disodium tetraborate.	2.02	1	0
perovskite calcium titanate : A calcium salt with the formula CaTiO3, generally obtained in the form of the mineral perovskite.	3.57	2	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	4.16	5	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
aspartic acid beta-naphthylamide N-(alpha-L-aspartyl)-2-naphthylamine : An L-aspartic acid derivative that is the amide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of L-aspartic acid with the amino group of 2-naphthylamine.	2.03	1	0	amino acid amide; L-aspartic acid derivative; N-(2-naphthyl)carboxamide	chromogenic compound
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	4.41	20	0	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
bismuth subsalicylate bismuth subsalicylate: bismuth subsalicylate is the active ingredient of Pepto-Bismol and in Kaopectate; used to treat nausea, heartburn, indigestion, upset stomach, diarrhea and other temporary discomforts of the stomach; used with Azoles and other drugs to treat Helicobacter. bismuth subsalicylate : A bismuth salt of salicylic acid.	4.99	3	3
dibutyltin dilaurate dibutyltin dilaurate: used in prevention of parasitic dieases in cattle and sheep	2.07	1	0
bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for tributylin: 688-73-3	2.07	1	0	inorganic molecular entity
vendex Torque: The rotational force about an axis that is equal to the product of a force times the distance from the axis where the force is applied.	2.49	2	0	organotin acaricide
nepheline nepheline: sodium aluminum silicate	2.07	1	0
sodium salicylate [no description available]	1.96	1	0	organic molecular entity
silicate cement Silicate Cement: A relatively hard, translucent, restorative material used primarily in anterior teeth. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p50)	2.7	3	0
chitosan [no description available]	8.07	59	0
technetium tc 99m sestamibi Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi: A technetium imaging agent used to reveal blood-starved cardiac tissue during a heart attack.	2.02	1	0
sodium stearyl fumarate sodium stearyl fumarate: an excipient	2.05	1	0
potassium iodate [no description available]	2.06	1	0
sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach.	2.99	4	0	inorganic sodium salt	bleaching agent; disinfectant
stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.	2.93	4	0
s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine.	4.39	1	1	organic cation; sulfonium compound	coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
superphosphate superphosphate: RN given refers to normal or enriched superphosphate, MF unknown	2.25	1	0
egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	2.66	3	0
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	2.25	1	0	BODIPY compound
mannans [no description available]	3.36	6	0
bixalomer bixalomer: a gastrointestinal agent	2.54	2	0
peptones Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)	3.36	7	0
glycolipids [no description available]	3.11	4	0
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.5	2	0
potassium titanate potassium titanate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-TiO3	2.58	2	0
lusutrombopag lusutrombopag: a thrombopoietin receptor agonist; structure in first source	4.51	1	1	cinnamic acids
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	5.1	10	1
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	2.06	1	0
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.86	4	0
heparitin sulfate Heparitin Sulfate: A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	1.97	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	11.58	14	4	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	1.94	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	6.39	7	2
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	1.95	1	0
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	1.94	1	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	5.78	8	3	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	1.96	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
piroxicam [no description available]	3.36	1	1	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	1.96	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations.	3.36	1	1	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
dolutegravir [no description available]	3.5	1	1	difluorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
whitlockite whitlockite: structure; used to coat metal implants	1.96	1	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.72	2	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	11.85	20	1	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	7.1	59	0
lead radioisotopes Lead Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes.	2.99	4	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	3.54	8	0
brine brine: not from seawater; contains sodium chloride; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; one or all of the above	9.14	15	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	2.31	1	0
surfactin A surfactin A: a lipopeptide with 7 amino acids from Bacillus pumilus ICVB403. surfactin A : A cyclodepsipeptide that is N-[(3R)-3-hydroxy-11-methyldodecanoyl]-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-leucyl-D-leucyl-L-valyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-D-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been lactonised by condensation with the alcoholic hydroxy group.	2.25	1	0	cyclodepsipeptide; lipopeptide antibiotic; macrocyclic lactone	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; metabolite; surfactant
rome Rome: The capital city of Italy.. (2R)-2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol : A 2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol that has R-configuration. It is a sphingosine kinase-2 inhibitor.	3.43	1	1	2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol	EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	3.13	5	0
arsenic trisulfide [no description available]	2.25	1	0
olivine olivine: sand of primarily magnesium iron silicate, containing low levels of free silica; suggested as a less injurious substitute for silica quartz in foundries; RN in Chemline for unspecified composition: 1317-71-1	4.27	5	0
greigite greigite: component of magnetosomes (membrane-bound magnetic crystals) in bacteria that causes them to be oriented in magnetic fields; used as biomarkers. greigite : An iron sulfide mineral with formula Fe3S4.	2.01	1	0	iron(2+) sulfides; iron(3+) sulfides; sulfide mineral	catalyst
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	6.94	22	1
illite [no description available]	3.5	8	0
asbestos, crocidolite Asbestos, Crocidolite: A lavender, acid-resistant asbestos.	1.96	1	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	2.46	2	0	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
aqua regia aqua regia: mixture of hydrochloric & nitric acids	2.07	1	0
ferric oxide, saccharated Ferric Oxide, Saccharated: A glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical.	3.09	4	0
ascophyllum Ascophyllum: A BROWN ALGAE closely related to FUCUS. It is found attached to rocks and boulders on the middle shore, primarily in the North Atlantic basin.	2.05	1	0
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.08	1	0
mica [no description available]	2.47	2	0
feldspar feldspar: structure	3.44	7	0
lipofectamine Lipofectamine: mediates gene transfer; a polycationic lipid reagent	2.13	1	0
daptomycin [no description available]	2.95	1	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	6.41	5	3
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	3.37	1	1
saponite [no description available]	2.6	1	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	2.31	1	0
rennie Rennie: a calcium carbonate/magnesium carbonate preparation; identical to Maalox in neutralizing capacity	7.75	12	5
belite belite: a fly ash cement	2.15	1	0	inorganic calcium salt	antacid; flame retardant; food anticaking agent
ettringite ettringite: synthesis of ettringite from acid wastewaters of the aluminium anodising industry is a possible route of reducing the emissions to the environment, recovering at the same time resource materials as a useful marketable mineral	2.06	1	0
jarosite [no description available]	2.76	2	0
tremolite tremolite: see also actinolite; structure	2.71	3	0
gallium ga 68 dotatate gallium Ga 68 dotatate: A radioactive diagnostic agent used for POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) imaging of SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR positive neuroendocrine tumors and malignant abdominal paraganglioma.	2.25	1	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	3.77	10	0
technetium tc 99m medronate Technetium Tc 99m Medronate: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used primarily in skeletal scintigraphy. Because of its absorption by a variety of tumors, it is useful for the detection of neoplasms.	1.98	1	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	4.12	15	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	2.05	1	0
lutetium lu 177 dotatate 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate: an somatostatin receptor agonist	2.15	1	0
chondroitin sulfates Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.	3.2	5	0
perlite Perlite: siliceous volcanic rock composed of silicon dioxide & aluminum oxide	9.89	8	6
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	3.88	11	0
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	2.92	4	0	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	5.79	2	2	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.03	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	3.04	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.	3.39	1	1	guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	fundamental metabolite
inosine [no description available]	2.15	1	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	7.76	10	4	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	3.87	11	0
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	3.06	1	0	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate (6R)-5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid : The 5,10-methenyl derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid arising from enzymatic cyclisation of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	3.53	1	1	methylenetetrahydrofolic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
8-hydroxyguanosine 8-hydroxyguanosine: immunostimulant for B lymphocytes; structure given in first source	3.39	1	1	purine nucleoside
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	2.17	1	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position	1.97	1	0	nitroso compound	alkylating agent
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	5.79	2	2	guanosines	biomarker
prodigiosin Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.	2.1	1	0
scytonemin scytonemin: an ultraviolet sunscreen pigment from the sheaths of cyanobacteria; structure given in first source. scytonemin : A ring assembly obtained by 1,1'-coupling of two molecules of (3E)-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]cyclopenta[b]indol-2(3H)-one. A UV-screening molecule produced by many strains of cyanobacteria.	2.47	2	0	enone; organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polyphenol; ring assembly	bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; ultraviolet filter
5-methyltetrahydrofolate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate : A group of heterocyclic compounds based on the 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with one or more L-glutamic acid or L-glutamate units.	3.53	1	1
imidacloprid imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.	3.35	1	0	imidacloprid; imidazolidines; monochloropyridine	environmental contaminant; genotoxin; neonicotinoid insectide; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
alcian blue Alcian Blue: A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.	1.95	1	0
avermectin avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.	2.03	1	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	5.66	3	1
eye [no description available]	4	4	0
acetylcellulose acetylcellulose: coating compound. cellulose acetate : A glucan derivative obtained through the esterification of cellulose by acetic anhydride or acetic acid, resulting in the substitution of some of the hydroxy groups of cellulose by acetyl groups. It is used in a variety of applications including base material for photographic film, clothing, membrane filters, coatings, food packaging, and as a frame material for eyeglasses.	2.42	2	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	2.5	2	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	1.96	1	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	2.06	1	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	2.07	1	0
aluminum magnesium silicate aluminum magnesium silicate: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified composition	3.47	1	1
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	2.73	3	0

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	0	5.09	16	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	6.12	45	0
Bleeding [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	0	2.66	2	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	0	5.09	16	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	8.15	25	4
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia [description not available]	0	3.85	2	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	1	10.15	25	4
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) carcinoma of the breast characterized by a proliferation of malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts or lobules, without light-microscopy evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma.	0	3.85	2	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	8.75	38	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	1	10.75	38	1
HPV Infection [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	0	2.41	1	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	14.52	46	18
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	1	16.52	46	18
Hyperphosphatemia A condition of abnormally high level of PHOSPHATES in the blood, usually significantly above the normal range of 0.84-1.58 mmol per liter of serum.	1	17.12	57	23
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	0	8.45	9	6
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	9.44	55	3
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	0	15.62	99	32
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	1	22.62	99	32
Happy Puppet Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Angelman Syndrome A syndrome characterized by multiple abnormalities, MENTAL RETARDATION, and movement disorders. Present usually are skull and other abnormalities, frequent infantile spasms (SPASMS, INFANTILE); easily provoked and prolonged paroxysms of laughter (hence happy); jerky puppetlike movements (hence puppet); continuous tongue protrusion; motor retardation; ATAXIA; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; and a peculiar facies. It is associated with maternal deletions of chromosome 15q11-13 and other genetic abnormalities. (From Am J Med Genet 1998 Dec 4;80(4):385-90; Hum Mol Genet 1999 Jan;8(1):129-35)	0	2.41	1	0
Dry Eye [description not available]	0	4.67	6	1
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	0	4.67	6	1
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	0	8.87	10	7
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	1	12.81	20	14
Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available]	0	15.89	166	18
Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood.	0	15.89	166	18
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	0	2.9	2	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	3.61	8	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	3.61	8	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	8.14	5	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	0	3.14	5	0
Chronic Primary Open Angle Glaucoma [description not available]	0	3.89	2	1
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	0	3.8	1	1
Glaucoma, Open-Angle Glaucoma in which the angle of the anterior chamber is open and the trabecular meshwork does not encroach on the base of the iris.	0	3.89	2	1
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	0	3.89	2	1
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	0	3.8	1	1
Calculus, Dental [description not available]	0	5.55	9	2
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	0	9.44	24	8
Gingivitis Inflammation of gum tissue (GINGIVA) without loss of connective tissue.	0	6.65	5	4
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	13.18	82	14
Ache [description not available]	0	9.67	11	8
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	0	9.67	11	8
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	0	7.85	15	5
Anti-Phospholipid Antibody Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Antiphospholipid Syndrome The presence of antibodies directed against phospholipids (ANTIBODIES, ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID). The condition is associated with a variety of diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases, thrombopenia, and arterial or venous thromboses. In pregnancy it can cause abortion. Of the phospholipids, the cardiolipins show markedly elevated levels of anticardiolipin antibodies (ANTIBODIES, ANTICARDIOLIPIN). Present also are high levels of lupus anticoagulant (LUPUS COAGULATION INHIBITOR).	0	2.41	1	0
Zoonoses Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.	0	2.41	1	0
Motor Disorders Motor skills deficits that significantly and persistently interfere with ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING appropriate to chronological age. (from DSM-5)	0	2.41	1	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	0	2.66	2	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	0	2.66	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	0	5.16	5	2
Adipocere [description not available]	0	2.89	3	0
Polydipsia Excessive thirst manifested by excessive fluid intake. It is characteristic of many diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS; and NEPHROGENIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS. The condition may be psychogenic in origin.	0	2.41	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	0	2.88	3	0
Low Bone Density [description not available]	0	10.32	31	8
Berger Disease [description not available]	0	2.48	2	0
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	0	15.05	93	27
Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available]	0	4.42	8	0
Bone Diseases, Metabolic Diseases that affect the METABOLIC PROCESSES of BONE TISSUE.	1	12.32	31	8
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	0	2.48	2	0
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.	0	15.05	93	27
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	12.29	68	4
Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.	0	4.42	8	0
Hypophosphatemia A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.	0	4.79	7	1
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	0	12.1	44	20
Facies The appearance of the face that is often characteristic of a disease or pathological condition, as the elfin facies of WILLIAMS SYNDROME or the mongoloid facies of DOWN SYNDROME. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	0	4.13	3	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	3.95	13	0
Alkalosis A pathological condition that removes acid or adds base to the body fluids.	0	7.88	25	2
Brain Disorders [description not available]	0	4.15	6	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	0	4.15	6	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	0	3.95	13	0
Fra(X) Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Fragile X Syndrome A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)	0	2.41	1	0
Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.	0	9.1	17	6
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	0	8.03	13	7
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	0	8.03	13	7
Animal Remains [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	0	2.94	4	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	0	4.95	7	1
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	0	13.83	56	36
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	1	15.83	56	36
Foreign Bodies Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.	0	3.91	13	0
Ametropia [description not available]	0	2.41	1	0
Pterygium An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.41	1	0
Refractive Errors Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.	0	2.41	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	0	2.6	1	0
Albers-Schoenberg Disease [description not available]	0	6.03	29	0
Osteopetrosis Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone leading to pathological fractures; OSTEITIS; SPLENOMEGALY with infarct; ANEMIA; and extramedullary hemopoiesis (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).	0	6.03	29	0
Calcification, Pathologic [description not available]	0	14.51	108	12
Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.	0	14.51	108	12
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	3.33	4	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	0	3.54	5	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	3.33	4	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	0	3.54	5	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	0	2.52	2	0
Osteoarthritis of Knee [description not available]	0	3.93	2	1
Bone Stress Reaction [description not available]	0	5.16	3	1
Intra-Articular Fractures Fractures of the articular surface of a bone.	0	3.99	1	1
Osteoarthritis, Knee Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)	0	3.93	2	1
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	0	9.73	24	4
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	0	9.73	24	4
Drowning Death that occurs as a result of anoxia or heart arrest, associated with immersion in liquid.	0	2.6	1	0
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	0	3.18	5	0
Dentin Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	16.18	79	43
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	0	4.46	4	1
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	0	4.46	4	1
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder A condition in which a woman suffers from severe depression, irritability, and tension before MENSTRUATION. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) may involve a wide range of physical or emotional symptoms, which are more severe and debilitating than those seen with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and which include at least one mood-related symptom. Symptoms usually stop when, or shortly after, menstruation begins.	0	2.6	1	0
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	0	3.53	6	0
Autism [description not available]	0	2.9	3	0
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	0	2.9	3	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	0	4.1	15	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	0	12.4	59	6
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	0	12.4	59	6
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	0	9.53	9	6
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	0	3.96	4	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	0	9.53	9	6
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	0	3.96	4	0
Adult-Onset Dystonias [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	0	2.6	1	0
Dystonic Disorders Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.	0	2.6	1	0
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	0	2.6	1	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	0	13.31	34	18
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	0	13.31	34	18
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	1	11.06	22	8
Pyrosis [description not available]	0	6.07	8	4
Heartburn Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the esophagus.	1	8.07	8	4
Cyst [description not available]	0	3.48	8	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	3.72	10	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	3.72	10	0
Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST.	0	5.07	3	1
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	0	7.8	30	1
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	0	7.8	30	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	9.54	22	7
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	9.54	22	7
Jaundice, Cholestatic [description not available]	0	2.74	3	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	0	7.03	21	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	0	7.03	21	0
Jaundice, Obstructive Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.	0	2.74	3	0
Acidosis, Respiratory Respiratory retention of carbon dioxide. It may be chronic or acute.	0	2.39	2	0
Auditory Vertigo [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Idiopathic recurrent VERTIGO associated with POSITIONAL NYSTAGMUS. It is associated with a vestibular loss without other neurological or auditory signs. Unlike in LABYRINTHITIS and VESTIBULAR NEURONITIS, inflammation in the ear is not observed.	0	4.96	2	1
Meniere Disease A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops.	0	2.44	2	0
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	0	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	8.25	10	4
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	1	10.25	10	4
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	0	17.92	216	55
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	0	17.92	216	55
ADPKD [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Pyelitis Inflammation of the KIDNEY PELVIS and KIDNEY CALICES where urine is collected before discharge, but does not involve the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS) where urine is processed.	0	2.4	2	0
Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant Kidney disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance and characterized by multiple CYSTS in both KIDNEYS with progressive deterioration of renal function.	0	2.25	1	0
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	0	3.86	2	1
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	0	13.26	36	9
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Inadequate Sleep [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	0	2.53	2	0
Biliary Calculi [description not available]	0	4.39	21	0
Gallstones Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.	0	4.39	21	0
Celiac Sprue [description not available]	0	5.23	4	1
Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available]	0	12.18	27	10
Celiac Disease A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.	0	5.23	4	1
Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)	1	14.18	27	10
Segond Fracture [description not available]	0	2.53	2	0
Tibial Fractures Fractures of the TIBIA.	0	2.53	2	0
Arrhythmia [description not available]	0	3.43	2	0
Lassitude [description not available]	0	5.25	6	2
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism A condition of low or absent PTH level and HYPOCALCEMIA. It usually occurs as part of an autoimmune syndrome.	0	11.62	33	5
Infection [description not available]	0	2.88	4	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	0	3.08	5	0
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	0	3.43	2	0
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	1	10.1	13	5
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	0	5.25	6	2
Hypoparathyroidism A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.	1	13.62	33	5
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	0	2.88	4	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	0	3.08	5	0
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	2.25	1	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	0	4.24	6	0
Ankylosing Spondylarthritis [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Hangman Fracture [description not available]	0	11.7	19	13
Spondylitis, Ankylosing A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.	0	2.25	1	0
Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column.	0	11.7	19	13
Urinary Lithiasis [description not available]	0	4.42	7	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	1	7.08	7	0
Urolithiasis Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.	0	4.42	7	0
Compression Fractures [description not available]	0	4.37	2	0
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	0	9.22	21	2
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.42	7	0
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	0	2.51	2	0
Chloasma [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	0	2.73	3	0
Malassezia furfur Infection [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.	0	2.31	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	0	2.73	3	0
Tinea Versicolor A common chronic, noninflammatory and usually symptomless disorder, characterized by the occurrence of multiple macular patches of all sizes and shapes, and varying in pigmentation from fawn-colored to brown. It is seen most frequently in hot, humid, tropical regions and is mostly caused by MALASSEZIA FURFUR (formerly Pityrosporum orbiculare).	0	2.31	1	0
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	0	2.51	2	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	8.24	15	3
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	3.98	4	0
Abdominal Obesity [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	0	5.11	4	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	6.45	10	1
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	3.83	3	0
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	0	3.17	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	3.83	3	0
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	0	3.17	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	1	12.35	19	6
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	0	3.17	1	0
Angiitis [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Cryoglobulinemia A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas.	0	2.31	1	0
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	2.31	1	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	0	2.31	1	0
Pericementitis [description not available]	0	5.84	4	2
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	0	5.84	4	2
Hallux Rigidus A condition caused by degenerative arthritis (see OSTEOARTHRITIS) of the METATARSOPHALANGEAL JOINT of the great toe and characterized by pain and limited dorsiflexion, but relatively unrestricted plantar flexion.	0	3.23	1	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	0	3.51	2	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	0	3.51	2	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	0	3.01	3	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	0	3.01	3	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	0	2.61	2	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	0	2.25	1	0
Chylothorax The presence of chyle in the thoracic cavity. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.61	2	0
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	0	2.61	2	0
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	0	2.49	2	0
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)	0	2.46	2	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	0	4.18	6	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	0	4.18	6	0
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	0	3.42	7	0
Emesis [description not available]	0	4.15	6	0
Complications, Infectious Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	0	4.15	6	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	0	3.84	4	0
Constrictive Pericarditis [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	0	3.84	4	0
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	0	2.31	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	0	6.45	6	1
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	0	3.7	1	1
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	1	8.45	6	1
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	0	3.7	1	1
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Crisis, Thyrotoxic [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	0	2.31	1	0
Intertrochanteric Fractures [description not available]	0	10.2	12	7
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	0	13.39	29	15
Hip Fractures Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).	0	10.2	12	7
Hyperparathyroidism A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	11.09	40	4
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	1	6.85	4	2
Pulmonary Sarcoidosis [description not available]	0	3.23	1	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	0	6	19	0
Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431)	0	3.23	1	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	0	2.72	2	0
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	0	2.72	2	0
Minimal Disease, Residual [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	0	2.87	3	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	2.87	3	0
Dermoid [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Dysembryoma [description not available]	0	2.44	2	0
Teratoma A true neoplasm composed of a number of different types of tissue, none of which is native to the area in which it occurs. It is composed of tissues that are derived from three germinal layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. They are classified histologically as mature (benign) or immature (malignant). (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1642)	0	2.44	2	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	2.81	3	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	2.81	3	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	0	4.9	4	2
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	0	4.9	4	2
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	0	8.69	12	6
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	0	8.69	12	6
Primary Hyperparathyroidism [description not available]	0	8.55	7	6
Hypercalciuria Excretion of abnormally high level of CALCIUM in the URINE, greater than 4 mg/kg/day.	0	4.45	1	1
Hyperparathyroidism, Primary A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE due to parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. It is characterized by the combination of HYPERCALCEMIA, phosphaturia, elevated renal 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis, and increased BONE RESORPTION.	0	8.55	7	6
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.57	2	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	2.87	3	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	2.57	2	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	2.87	3	0
Osteoporotic Fractures Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.	0	6.34	7	2
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	0	3.53	1	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	0	4.27	4	1
Itching [description not available]	0	3.53	1	1
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	0	9.27	4	1
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	0	3.53	1	1
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	0	3.53	1	1
Familial Hypokalemia-Hypomagnesemia [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.46	2	0
Cancer of ILEUM [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.	0	2.68	3	0
Neuroendocrine Tumors Tumors whose cells possess secretory granules and originate from the neuroectoderm, i.e., the cells of the ectoblast or epiblast that program the neuroendocrine system. Common properties across most neuroendocrine tumors include ectopic hormone production (often via APUD CELLS), the presence of tumor-associated antigens, and isozyme composition.	0	2.15	1	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	0	2.88	4	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	0	2.88	4	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	0	6.88	15	5
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	0	6.88	15	5
Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available]	0	4.48	1	1
Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8)	0	4.48	1	1
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	0	4.98	3	1
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	0	9.21	22	7
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	7.15	19	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	0	7.15	19	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	0	2.17	1	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	0	2.55	2	0
Animal Diseases Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.	0	2.17	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	0	3.56	1	1
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	0	3.56	1	1
Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy [description not available]	0	3.66	9	0
Pseudohypoparathyroidism A hereditary syndrome clinically similar to HYPOPARATHYROIDISM. It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; and associated skeletal development impairment and caused by failure of response to PARATHYROID HORMONE rather than deficiencies. A severe form with resistance to multiple hormones is referred to as Type 1a and is associated with maternal mutant allele of the ALPHA CHAIN OF STIMULATORY G PROTEIN.	0	3.66	9	0
Dental Fluoroses [description not available]	0	7.85	6	4
Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)	0	7.85	6	4
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	0	10.58	68	1
Caprine Diseases [description not available]	0	2.54	2	0
22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.88	3	0
DiGeorge Syndrome Congenital syndrome characterized by a wide spectrum of characteristics including the absence of the THYMUS and PARATHYROID GLANDS resulting in T-cell immunodeficiency, HYPOCALCEMIA, defects in the outflow tract of the heart, and craniofacial anomalies.	0	2.88	3	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	8.15	9	4
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	8.15	9	4
Bronchospasm [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Laryngeal Spasm [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	0	2.55	2	0
Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.	0	2.17	1	0
Laryngismus A disorder in which the adductor muscles of the VOCAL CORDS exhibit increased activity leading to laryngeal spasm. Laryngismus causes closure of the VOCAL FOLDS and airflow obstruction during inspiration.	0	2.17	1	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	0	2.55	2	0
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	0	2.17	1	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	0	10.7	43	5
Foreign-Body Reaction Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.	0	4	5	0
Allergy, Latex [description not available]	0	3.06	1	0
Gallstone Disease [description not available]	0	8.24	125	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	0	3.49	8	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	0	6.91	27	0
Cholelithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).	0	8.24	125	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	0	3.49	8	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	8.2	33	2
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	0	8.15	36	3
Bone Diseases, Infectious Bone diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.	0	2.17	1	0
Granulomas [description not available]	0	3.67	10	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	0	3.67	10	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	0	3.45	7	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	0	4.89	4	2
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	0	3.45	7	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	0	4.89	4	2
Cystic Angiomatosis Of Bone, Diffuse [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Bewilderment [description not available]	0	2.75	3	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	0	4.12	3	1
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	0	4.12	3	1
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	0	3.11	5	0
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	0	3.48	2	0
Anankastic Personality [description not available]	0	3.97	4	0
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	0	3.48	2	0
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.	0	3.97	4	0
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	0	4.47	8	0
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	0	4.47	8	0
Aortic Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.	0	6.04	10	3
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available]	0	5.04	3	1
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.	0	5.04	3	1
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	0	2.61	2	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	0	6.98	6	5
Cutis Elastica [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Spinal Diseases Diseases involving the SPINE.	0	2.73	3	0
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome A heterogeneous group of autosomally inherited COLLAGEN DISEASES caused by defects in the synthesis or structure of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are numerous subtypes: classical, hypermobility, vascular, and others. Common clinical features include hyperextensible skin and joints, skin fragility and reduced wound healing capability.	0	2.21	1	0
E coli Infections [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	0	2.42	2	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.69	3	0
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	3.93	2	1
Biliary or Urinary Stones [description not available]	0	9.56	46	1
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.	0	3.93	2	1
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.21	1	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	0	3.81	4	0
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	0	3.81	4	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	0	11.52	33	12
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	0	11.52	33	12
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	0	2.21	1	0
Acute Cholecystitis [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Acalculous Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall in the absence of GALLSTONES.	0	2.21	1	0
Common Bile Duct Diseases Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.	0	2.69	3	0
Cholecystitis, Acute Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gallstone obstruction of the CYSTIC DUCT is present in approximately 90% of the cases.	0	2.21	1	0
Injuries, Soft Tissue [description not available]	0	2.46	2	0
Apoplexy [description not available]	0	4.86	2	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	0	4.86	2	1
Cretinism [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.	0	4.47	5	0
Congenital Hypothyroidism A condition in infancy or early childhood due to an in-utero deficiency of THYROID HORMONES that can be caused by genetic or environmental factors, such as thyroid dysgenesis or HYPOTHYROIDISM in infants of mothers treated with THIOURACIL during pregnancy. Endemic cretinism is the result of iodine deficiency. Clinical symptoms include severe MENTAL RETARDATION, impaired skeletal development, short stature, and MYXEDEMA.	0	2.21	1	0
Epulides, Giant Cell [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Maxillary Diseases Diseases involving the MAXILLA.	0	2.25	1	0
Granuloma, Giant Cell A non-neoplastic inflammatory lesion, usually of the jaw or gingiva, containing large, multinucleated cells. It includes reparative giant cell granuloma. Peripheral giant cell granuloma refers to the gingiva (giant cell epulis); central refers to the jaw.	0	2.68	3	0
Ureteral Calculi Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic.	0	4.6	10	0
Inflammatory Pseudotumor [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Coenuri Infection [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Cysticercosis Infection with CYSTICERCUS, the larval form of the various tapeworms of the genus Taenia (usually T. solium in man). In humans they penetrate the intestinal wall and invade subcutaneous tissue, brain, eye, muscle, heart, liver, lung, and peritoneum. Brain involvement results in NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS.	0	2.08	1	0
Granuloma, Plasma Cell A slow-growing benign pseudotumor in which plasma cells greatly outnumber the inflammatory cells.	0	2.08	1	0
Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	0	2.08	1	0
Allergy, Milk [description not available]	0	3.63	3	0
Milk Hypersensitivity Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.	0	3.63	3	0
Cystic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	0	3.91	13	0
Kidney Diseases, Cystic A heterogeneous group of hereditary and acquired disorders in which the KIDNEY contains one or more CYSTS unilaterally or bilaterally (KIDNEY, CYSTIC).	0	3.91	13	0
Tooth Erosion Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)	0	5.6	9	2
Smear Layer Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin.	0	3.69	3	0
Angioma, Sclerosing [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Facial Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the FACE.	0	2.42	2	0
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747)	0	2.08	1	0
Joint Pain [description not available]	0	4.45	2	2
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	0	4.45	2	2
Multiple Pulmonary Nodules A number of small lung lesions characterized by small round masses of 2- to 3-mm in diameter. They are usually detected by chest CT scans (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY). Such nodules can be associated with metastases of malignancies inside or outside the lung, benign granulomas, or other lesions.	0	2.08	1	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	0	9.8	30	13
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	1	11.8	30	13
Caries, Cervical [description not available]	0	3.47	1	1
Tooth Loss The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.	0	3.47	1	1
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Cardiac Rupture, Traumatic [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	0	2.07	1	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	0	8.82	10	7
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	0	8.82	10	7
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	0	5.16	6	2
Convulsive Generalized Seizure Disorder [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	0	3.64	3	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	0	2.08	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Direct Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	0	2.08	1	0
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	0	2.08	1	0
Thyroiditis Inflammatory diseases of the THYROID GLAND. Thyroiditis can be classified into acute (THYROIDITIS, SUPPURATIVE), subacute (granulomatous and lymphocytic), chronic fibrous (Riedel's), chronic lymphocytic (HASHIMOTO DISEASE), transient (POSTPARTUM THYROIDITIS), and other AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS subtypes.	0	2.08	1	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	0	2.08	1	0
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	0	6.99	10	3
Fetal Distress A nonreassuring fetal status (NRFS) indicating that the FETUS is compromised (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 1988). It can be identified by sub-optimal values in FETAL HEART RATE; oxygenation of FETAL BLOOD; and other parameters.	0	2.08	1	0
Fibrocartilaginous Dysplasia of Bone [description not available]	0	3.35	2	0
Chondrosteoma [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone A disease of bone marked by thinning of the cortex by fibrous tissue containing bony spicules, producing pain, disability, and gradually increasing deformity. Only one bone may be involved (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, MONOSTOTIC) or several (FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).	0	3.35	2	0
Nephrocalcinosis A condition characterized by calcification of the renal tissue itself. It is usually seen in distal RENAL TUBULAR ACIDOSIS with calcium deposition in the DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES and the surrounding interstitium. Nephrocalcinosis causes RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	8.84	12	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	0	2.45	2	0
Choked Disk [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Day Blindness [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	0	2.45	2	0
Optic Atrophy Atrophy of the optic disk which may be congenital or acquired. This condition indicates a deficiency in the number of nerve fibers which arise in the RETINA and converge to form the OPTIC DISK; OPTIC NERVE; OPTIC CHIASM; and optic tracts. GLAUCOMA; ISCHEMIA; inflammation, a chronic elevation of intracranial pressure, toxins, optic nerve compression, and inherited conditions (see OPTIC ATROPHIES, HEREDITARY) are relatively common causes of this condition.	0	2.1	1	0
Papilledema Swelling of the OPTIC DISK, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins. Chronic papilledema may cause OPTIC ATROPHY and visual loss. (Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p175)	0	2.1	1	0
Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).	0	2.1	1	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	0	2.1	1	0
Bronchial Cyst [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Fracture, Pathologic [description not available]	0	4.35	4	1
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	0	2.78	3	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	0	2.78	3	0
Capillaria hepatica Infection [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Alveolar Echinococcosis, Hepatic [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Autokinetic Effect [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	0	3.83	2	1
Halitosis An offensive, foul breath odor resulting from a variety of causes such as poor oral hygiene, dental or oral infections, or the ingestion of certain foods.	0	3.47	1	1
Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders, Inborn [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Silicosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.	0	8.47	8	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	0	6.57	10	2
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	0	14.2	32	6
Infections, Pasteurellaceae [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	0	6.57	10	2
Aortic Stenosis [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Aortic Valve Stenosis A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.	0	2.1	1	0
Dentin, Secondary Dentin formed by normal pulp after completion of root end formation.	0	2.69	3	0
Exposure, Dental Pulp [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Dental Pulp Exposure The result of pathological changes in the hard tissue of a tooth caused by carious lesions, mechanical factors, or trauma, which render the pulp susceptible to bacterial invasion from the external environment.	0	2.08	1	0
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).	0	2.1	1	0
Clonorchiasis Infection of the biliary passages with CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.1	1	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Tooth Discoloration Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)	0	11.33	15	11
Chronic Illness [description not available]	0	14.79	49	12
Anasarca [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	0	14.79	49	12
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	0	2.38	2	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	0	2.1	1	0
Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	0	2.42	2	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.11	1	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	0	2.49	2	0
Air Sickness [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Motion Sickness Disorder caused by motion. It includes sea sickness, train sickness, roller coaster rides, rocking chair, hammock swing, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and/or dizziness.	0	2.11	1	0
Thromboembolism, Venous [description not available]	0	3.5	1	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	0	12.34	24	18
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	0	12.34	24	18
Venous Thromboembolism Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	0	3.5	1	1
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Rachitis [description not available]	0	5.1	10	1
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	0	3.43	2	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	0	2.52	2	0
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	0	3.43	2	0
Tendinitis Inflammation of TENDONS. It is characterized by the degeneration of tendons accompanied by an inflammatory repair response, fibroblastic proliferation, and formation of granulation tissue. Tendinitis is not a clinical diagnosis and can be confirmed only by histopathological findings.	0	2.11	1	0
Adhesive Capsulitis [description not available]	0	2.38	2	0
Bursitis Inflammation or irritation of a SYNOVIAL BURSA, the fibrous sac that acts as a cushion between moving structures of bones, muscles, tendons or skin.	0	2.38	2	0
Tendinopathy Clinical syndrome describing overuse tendon injuries characterized by a combination of PAIN, diffuse or localized swelling, and impaired performance.	0	2.11	1	0
Back Ache [description not available]	0	5.59	6	1
Back Pain Acute or chronic pain located in the posterior regions of the THORAX; LUMBOSACRAL REGION; or the adjacent regions.	0	5.59	6	1
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	0	2.79	3	0
Calculosis [description not available]	0	2.93	4	0
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	0	3.5	1	1
Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.	0	7.6	13	5
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	0	3.5	1	1
Hot Flashes A sudden, temporary sensation of heat predominantly experienced by some women during MENOPAUSE. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)	0	3.5	1	1
Spasmophilia [description not available]	0	3.6	3	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	0	3.5	1	1
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	0	3.5	1	1
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	0	3.5	1	1
Preterm Birth [description not available]	0	3.51	1	1
Premature Birth CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).	0	3.51	1	1
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	0	3.03	1	0
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	0	3.03	1	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	0	2.41	2	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	4.87	8	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	4.87	8	0
Dental Wear [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Abrasion, Dental [description not available]	0	7.87	17	1
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	0	6.35	9	1
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	0	6.35	9	1
Pyrexia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Bagassosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhaled dust from processing SUGARCANE (bagasse), usually in the manufacturing of wallboard.	0	4.09	16	0
Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Pelvic Pain Pain in the pelvic region of genital and non-genital origin.	0	2.11	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	0	2.11	1	0
Pneumoconiosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.	0	4.09	16	0
Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.	0	2.11	1	0
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	0	2.11	1	0
Heavy Metal Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women.	0	3.04	1	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	0	4.14	6	0
Tooth Resorption Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)	0	2.11	1	0
Periapical Diseases Diseases of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE surrounding the root of the tooth, which is distinguished from DENTAL PULP DISEASES inside the TOOTH ROOT.	0	2.41	2	0
Tooth Mobility Horizontal and, to a lesser degree, axial movement of a tooth in response to normal forces, as in occlusion. It refers also to the movability of a tooth resulting from loss of all or a portion of its attachment and supportive apparatus, as seen in periodontitis, occlusal trauma, and periodontosis. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p507 & Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p313)	0	3.83	2	1
Dental Fistula An abnormal passage in the oral cavity on the gingiva.	0	2.11	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	0	2.11	1	0
Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available]	0	2.49	2	0
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.	0	2.49	2	0
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	0	2.92	4	0
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	0	2.13	1	0
Triploid [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Mirizzi Syndrome Complication of CHOLELITHIASIS characterized by OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE; abdominal pain, and fever.	0	2.13	1	0
Generalized Resistance To 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets A hereditary disorder characterized by HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; renal defects in phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D metabolism; and growth retardation. Autosomal and X-linked dominant and recessive variants have been reported.	0	2.13	1	0
Muscular Weakness [description not available]	0	2.78	3	0
Cramp [description not available]	0	3.85	2	1
Puerperal Disorders Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.	0	2.13	1	0
Muscle Cramp A sustained and usually painful contraction of muscle fibers. This may occur as an isolated phenomenon or as a manifestation of an underlying disease process (e.g., UREMIA; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; etc.). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1398)	0	3.85	2	1
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	0	4.27	4	1
Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251)	0	2.78	3	0
Anterior Cervical Pain [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Neck Pain Discomfort or more intense forms of pain that are localized to the cervical region. This term generally refers to pain in the posterior or lateral regions of the neck.	0	2.13	1	0
Alveolar Proteinoses, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis A PULMONARY ALVEOLI-filling disease, characterized by dense phospholipoproteinaceous deposits in the alveoli, cough, and DYSPNEA. This disease is often related to, congenital or acquired, impaired processing of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS by alveolar macrophages, a process dependent on GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR.	0	2.13	1	0
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	0	3.04	1	0
Marasmus [description not available]	0	3.04	1	0
Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses.	0	3.04	1	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	0	3.04	1	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	0	3.51	1	1
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	0	3.51	1	1
Central Nervous System Origin Vertigo [description not available]	0	3.87	4	0
Vertigo An illusion of movement, either of the external world revolving around the individual or of the individual revolving in space. Vertigo may be associated with disorders of the inner ear (EAR, INNER); VESTIBULAR NERVE; BRAINSTEM; or CEREBRAL CORTEX. Lesions in the TEMPORAL LOBE and PARIETAL LOBE may be associated with FOCAL SEIZURES that may feature vertigo as an ictal manifestation. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp300-1)	0	3.87	4	0
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	0	2.13	1	0
Hyperoxaluria Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.	0	2.51	2	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	10.3	16	13
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	10.3	16	13
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	0	6.13	6	2
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	0	6.13	6	2
Autolysis, Dental Pulp [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Body Weight, Fetal [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Ductal Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Carcinoma, Ductal Malignant neoplasms involving the ductal systems of any of a number of organs, such as the MAMMARY GLANDS, the PANCREAS, the PROSTATE, or the LACRIMAL GLAND.	0	2.04	1	0
Deaf Mutism [description not available]	0	3.87	1	0
Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.	0	3.87	1	0
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	4.3	4	1
Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease in which the ventricular walls are excessively rigid, impeding ventricular filling. It is marked by reduced diastolic volume of either or both ventricles but normal or nearly normal systolic function. It may be idiopathic or associated with other diseases (ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS or AMYLOIDOSIS) causing interstitial fibrosis.	0	2.04	1	0
Connective Tissue Diseases A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.	0	2.39	2	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	4.3	4	1
Osteosclerosis An abnormal hardening or increased density of bone tissue.	0	5.19	12	1
Cholecystolithiasis Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the GALLBLADDER.	0	1.92	1	0
Osseous Paget's Disease [description not available]	0	3.67	3	0
Adult Rickets [description not available]	0	8.54	23	2
Osteitis Deformans A disease marked by repeated episodes of increased bone resorption followed by excessive attempts at repair, resulting in weakened, deformed bones of increased mass. The resultant architecture of the bone assumes a mosaic pattern in which the fibers take on a haphazard pattern instead of the normal parallel symmetry.	0	3.67	3	0
Osteomalacia Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.	0	8.54	23	2
Histoplasma capsulatum Infection [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Histoplasmosis Infection resulting from exposure to the fungus HISTOPLASMA. It is worldwide in distribution and particularly common in the central and eastern states, especially areas around the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.	0	2.04	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Sickle Cell Trait The condition of being heterozygous for hemoglobin S.	0	2.05	1	0
Infantile Diarrhea [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Diarrhea, Infantile DIARRHEA occurring in infants from newborn to 24-months old.	0	2.05	1	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	0	2.05	1	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	0	5.39	5	0
CKD-MBD [description not available]	0	13.16	65	12
Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder Decalcification of bone or abnormal bone development due to chronic KIDNEY DISEASES, in which 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 synthesis by the kidneys is impaired, leading to reduced negative feedback on PARATHYROID HORMONE. The resulting SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM eventually leads to bone disorders.	1	15.16	65	12
Weight Reduction [description not available]	0	6.99	6	5
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	0	6.99	6	5
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Morbid Obesity [description not available]	0	7.47	4	4
Obesity, Morbid The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.	0	7.47	4	4
Entomophthoramycosis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Fungal Lung Diseases [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Zygomycosis Infection in humans and animals caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. It includes MUCORMYCOSIS and entomophthoramycosis. The latter is a tropical infection of subcutaneous tissue or paranasal sinuses caused by fungi in the order Entomophthorales. Phycomycosis, closely related to zygomycosis, describes infection with members of Phycomycetes, an obsolete classification.	0	2.05	1	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	0	3.83	2	1
Thrombopenia [description not available]	0	3.82	2	1
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	0	3.83	2	1
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	0	3.82	2	1
Abdominal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the ABDOMEN.	0	2.05	1	0
Ganglioneuroblastoma A moderately malignant neoplasm composed of primitive neuroectodermal cells dispersed in myxomatous or fibrous stroma intermixed with mature ganglion cells. It may undergo transformation into a neuroblastoma. It arises from the sympathetic trunk or less frequently from the adrenal medulla, cerebral cortex, and other locations. Cervical ganglioneuroblastomas may be associated with HORNER SYNDROME and the tumor may occasionally secrete vasoactive intestinal peptide, resulting in chronic diarrhea.	0	2.05	1	0
Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.	0	6.88	5	2
Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.	0	6.88	5	2
ACL Injuries [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Chondrocalcinosis Presence of CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE in the connective tissues such as the cartilaginous structures of joints. When accompanied by GOUT-like symptoms, it is referred to as pseudogout.	0	2.05	1	0
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	0	2.05	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Injury [description not available]	0	2.97	1	0
Dysesthesia [description not available]	0	3.84	2	0
Drop Attack [description not available]	0	2.97	1	0
Hematoma A collection of blood outside the BLOOD VESSELS. Hematoma can be localized in an organ, space, or tissue.	0	3.36	2	0
Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)	0	2.97	1	0
Peripheral Nerve Injuries Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.	0	2.97	1	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	0	3.81	4	0
Caplan Syndrome A condition characterized by the presence of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS associated with a specific form of pneumoconiosis, often in coal miners and asbestos workers.	0	2.66	3	0
Alactasia [description not available]	0	3.66	3	0
Gastritis, Atrophic GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.	0	5	3	1
Lactose Intolerance The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.	0	3.66	3	0
Allergic Alveolitis, Extrinsic [description not available]	0	2.97	1	0
Siderosis A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes.	0	2.97	1	0
Beryllium Disease Disease resulting from exposure to beryllium. Entry into the body is not limited to the inhalation route.	0	3.32	2	0
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.	0	2.97	1	0
Berylliosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaled rare metal BERYLLIUM or its soluble salts which are used in a wide variety of industry including alloys, ceramics, radiographic equipment, and vacuum tubes. Berylliosis is characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction in the upper airway leading to BRONCHIOLITIS; PULMONARY EDEMA; and pneumonia.	0	3.32	2	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	0	7.48	4	4
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	0	7.62	5	4
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	0	7.48	4	4
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	0	7.62	5	4
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	3.44	1	1
Hypomelanosis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Hypopigmentation A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.	0	2.05	1	0
Adult Periodontitis [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Orthopedic Disorders [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Musculoskeletal Diseases Diseases of the muscles and their associated ligaments and other connective tissue and of the bones and cartilage viewed collectively.	0	2.05	1	0
Blood Loss, Postoperative [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	0	3.87	4	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	0	3.88	4	0
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	0	3.87	4	0
Ulcer A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.	0	2.37	2	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	0	3.44	1	1
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	0	3.44	1	1
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	0	3.44	1	1
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	0	8.74	24	4
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	0	8.74	24	4
Dental Leakage The seepage of fluids, debris, and micro-organisms between the walls of a prepared dental cavity and the restoration.	0	3.85	2	1
Deficiency Diseases A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.21	6	0
Parathyroid Disorders [description not available]	0	2.97	1	0
Parathyroid Diseases Pathological processes of the PARATHYROID GLANDS. They usually manifest as hypersecretion or hyposecretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE that regulates the balance of CALCIUM; PHOSPHORUS; and MAGNESIUM in the body.	0	2.97	1	0
Hendra Virus Infections [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	0	2.98	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	0	2.98	1	0
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	0	2.66	3	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	0	5.42	15	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	5.42	15	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	0	2.06	1	0
Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Albright Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE affecting several bones. When melanotic pigmentation (CAFE-AU-LAIT SPOTS) and multiple endocrine hyperfunction are additionally associated it is referred to as Albright syndrome.	0	2.06	1	0
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	0	4.61	6	1
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	0	4.61	6	1
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	8.6	5	4
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	1	10.6	5	4
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	0	3.81	4	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	0	3.81	4	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	0	2.06	1	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	0	2.06	1	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	0	2.06	1	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	0	2.06	1	0
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	0	4.42	2	2
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	0	4.42	2	2
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	0	2.07	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	0	2.92	4	0
Dermatitis, Periocular [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	0	2.42	2	0
Dermatitis, Perioral A papular eruption of unknown etiology that progresses to residual papular erythema and scaling usually confined to the area of the mouth, and almost exclusively occurring in young women. It may also be localized or extend to involve the eyelids and adjacent glabella area of the forehead (periocular dermatitis). (Dorland, 28th ed)	0	2.07	1	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	0	4.3	4	1
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	0	4.3	4	1
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.	0	2.42	2	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	0	3.59	3	0
Cancer of Parathyroid [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Parathyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARATHYROID GLANDS.	0	2.41	2	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	0	2.65	3	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	0	2.08	1	0
Hypoventilation A reduction in the amount of air entering the pulmonary alveoli.	0	2.05	1	0
Anthracosis A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by accumulation of inhaled CARBON or coal dust. The disease can progress from asymptomatic anthracosis to massive lung fibrosis. This lung lesion usually occurs in coal MINERS, but can be seen in urban dwellers and tobacco smokers.	0	2.08	1	0
Periodontitis, Acute Nonsuppurative [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Periapical Periodontitis Inflammation of the PERIAPICAL TISSUE. It includes general, unspecified, or acute nonsuppurative inflammation. Chronic nonsuppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA. Suppurative inflammation is PERIAPICAL ABSCESS.	0	2.07	1	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	0	4.16	6	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	0	4.06	3	1
Rib Fractures Fractures of any of the RIBS.	0	2.07	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	0	2.9	4	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	0	2.9	4	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	0	4.97	3	1
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease [description not available]	0	3.33	2	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	0	2.98	1	0
Bronchiolitis Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.	0	2.98	1	0
Lung Diseases, Interstitial A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.	0	3.33	2	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	0	2.98	1	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Extrahepatic [description not available]	0	2.71	3	0
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	0	3.76	11	0
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	0	3.76	11	0
Bone Cysts Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endosteal margins. The cysts contain fluid and the cyst walls may contain some giant cells. Bone cysts usually occur in males between the ages 3-15 years.	0	4.08	3	1
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	0	2.08	1	0
Allotriophagy An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.	0	2.44	2	0
Basedow Disease [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).	0	2.01	1	0
Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.	0	2.01	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	0	3.35	7	0
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone A bone tumor composed of cellular spindle-cell stroma containing scattered multinucleated giant cells resembling osteoclasts. The tumors range from benign to frankly malignant lesions. The tumor occurs most frequently in an end of a long tubular bone in young adults. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.01	1	0
Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Grippe [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	0	3.39	1	1
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	0	2.01	1	0
Pernicious Vomiting of Pregnancy [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Hyperemesis Gravidarum Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.	0	2.01	1	0
Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.	0	3.61	3	0
Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.	0	2.01	1	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	0	2.93	1	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	0	3.81	2	1
Aspergillus Infection [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Phlegmon [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Sinus Infections [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Mucorales Infection [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Orbital Diseases Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.	0	2.01	1	0
Aspergillosis Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.	0	2.01	1	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.01	1	0
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	0	2.01	1	0
Mucormycosis Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.	0	2.01	1	0
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	0	2.01	1	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	0	3.81	2	1
Ectopic Ossification [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Abnormality, Torsion [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Avulsed Tooth [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Ankylosis of Teeth [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Dizzyness [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Auditory Hyperesthesia [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Otospongiosis [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Dizziness An imprecise term which may refer to a sense of spatial disorientation, motion of the environment, or lightheadedness.	0	2.01	1	0
Otosclerosis Formation of spongy bone in the labyrinth capsule which can progress toward the STAPES (stapedial fixation) or anteriorly toward the COCHLEA leading to conductive, sensorineural, or mixed HEARING LOSS. Several genes are associated with familial otosclerosis with varied clinical signs.	0	2.89	4	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	0	4.77	5	0
Indigestion [description not available]	0	5.18	4	3
Dyspepsia Impaired digestion, especially after eating.	0	5.18	4	3
Root Resorption Resorption in which cementum or dentin is lost from the root of a tooth owing to cementoclastic or osteoclastic activity in conditions such as trauma of occlusion or neoplasms. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.42	2	0
Gall Bladder Diseases [description not available]	0	3.9	13	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	0	1.93	1	0
Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH.	0	3.26	2	0
Infectious Diseases [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Communicable Diseases An illness caused by an infectious agent or its toxins that occurs through the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or via an animal, vector or the inanimate environment to a susceptible animal or human host.	0	1.93	1	0
Gastroduodenal Ulcer [description not available]	0	9.9	43	4
Peptic Ulcer Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	0	9.9	43	4
Nasal Catarrh [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Ozena [description not available]	0	2.63	3	0
Rhinitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.	0	2.63	3	0
Rhinitis, Atrophic A chronic inflammation in which the NASAL MUCOSA gradually changes from a functional to a non-functional lining without mucociliary clearance. It is often accompanied by degradation of the bony TURBINATES, and the foul-smelling mucus which forms a greenish crust (ozena).	0	2.63	3	0
Cardiac Edema [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Edema, Cardiac Abnormal fluid retention by the body due to impaired cardiac function or heart failure. It is usually characterized by increase in venous and capillary pressure, and swollen legs when standing. It is different from the generalized edema caused by renal dysfunction (NEPHROTIC SYNDROME).	0	1.93	1	0
Azotaemia [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	0	1.93	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	1	3.93	1	0
Parasite Infections [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Parasitic Skin Diseases [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Facial Palsy [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	0	3.04	5	0
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	0	3.04	5	0
Abdomen, Acute A clinical syndrome with acute abdominal pain that is severe, localized, and rapid in onset. Acute abdomen may be caused by a variety of disorders, injuries, or diseases.	0	1.93	1	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	0	1.93	1	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	0	2.34	2	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	0	1.93	1	0
Calcium Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.	0	3.21	6	0
Bilharziasis [description not available]	0	1.93	1	0
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	0	1.93	1	0
Infant Malnutrition Malnutrition, occurring in infants ages 1 month to 24 months, which is due to insufficient intake of food, dietary nutrients, or a pathophysiologic condition which prevents the absorption and utilization of food. Growth and development are markedly affected.	0	1.93	1	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	0	1.94	1	0
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	0	1.94	1	0
Deficiency, Magnesium [description not available]	0	3.21	6	0
Magnesium Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of magnesium in the diet, characterized by anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and weakness. Symptoms are paresthesias, muscle cramps, irritability, decreased attention span, and mental confusion, possibly requiring months to appear. Deficiency of body magnesium can exist even when serum values are normal. In addition, magnesium deficiency may be organ-selective, since certain tissues become deficient before others. (Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed, p1936)	0	3.21	6	0
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	0	1.94	1	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Urinary Tract Diseases [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	0	1.94	1	0
Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Fractures, Ununited A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.37	2	0
Dental Pulp Disease [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Oral Manifestations Disorders of the mouth attendant upon non-oral disease or injury.	0	1.94	1	0
Abscess, Periapical [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Dental Pulp Diseases Endodontic diseases of the DENTAL PULP inside the tooth, which is distinguished from PERIAPICAL DISEASES of the tissue surrounding the root.	0	1.94	1	0
Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	0	4.14	6	0
Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.	0	8.45	19	5
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	0	3.79	2	1
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	0	3.79	2	1
Ulna Fractures Fractures of the larger bone of the forearm.	0	2.02	1	0
Abscess, Amebic [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Amebiasis Infection with any of various amebae. It is an asymptomatic carrier state in most individuals, but diseases ranging from chronic, mild diarrhea to fulminant dysentery may occur.	0	2.01	1	0
Diverticula [description not available]	0	3.24	6	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Urethral Diseases Pathological processes involving the URETHRA.	0	2.02	1	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	0	2.02	1	0
Scoliosis An appreciable lateral deviation in the normally straight vertical line of the spine. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.39	2	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	0	3.26	2	0
Mange, Sarcoptic [description not available]	0	1.92	1	0
Scabies A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.	0	1.92	1	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	0	2.88	4	0
Furcation Defects Conditions in which a bifurcation or trifurcation of the molar tooth root becomes denuded as a result of periodontal disease. It may be followed by tooth mobility, temperature sensitivity, pain, and alveolar bone resorption.	0	10.65	17	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	0	2.42	2	0
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Bladder Calculi [description not available]	0	5.18	19	0
Corynebacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM.	0	2.02	1	0
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	0	2.02	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	0	3.99	5	0
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	0	4.51	5	1
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	0	3.99	5	0
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	0	4.51	5	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	0	2.65	3	0
Hemorrhage, Gingival [description not available]	0	3.4	1	1
Gingival Hemorrhage The flowing of blood from the marginal gingival area, particularly the sulcus, seen in such conditions as GINGIVITIS, marginal PERIODONTITIS, injury, and ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY.	0	3.4	1	1
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	0	2.02	1	0
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	0	2.66	3	0
Ataxia of Gait [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	0	5.62	10	2
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.02	1	0
Ankylosis Fixation and immobility of a joint.	0	2.02	1	0
Granulomatosis, Lipid [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Erdheim-Chester Disease A rare form of non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis (HISTIOCYTOSIS, NON-LANGERHANS-CELL) with onset in middle age. The systemic disease is characterized by infiltration of lipid-laden macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, an inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and histiocytes in the bone marrow, and a generalized sclerosis of the long bones.	0	2.02	1	0
Prosthesis Durability [description not available]	0	2.69	3	0
Cholangiitis, Sclerosing [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Cholangitis, Sclerosing Chronic inflammatory disease of the BILIARY TRACT. It is characterized by fibrosis and hardening of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ductal systems leading to bile duct strictures, CHOLESTASIS, and eventual BILIARY CIRRHOSIS.	0	2.02	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin B [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Deficiency, Vitamin B 12 [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	0	3.41	1	1
Vitamin B Deficiency A condition due to deficiency in any member of the VITAMIN B COMPLEX. These B vitamins are water-soluble and must be obtained from the diet because they are easily lost in the urine. Unlike the lipid-soluble vitamins, they cannot be stored in the body fat.	0	3.41	1	1
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN B 12 in the diet, characterized by megaloblastic anemia. Since vitamin B 12 is not present in plants, humans have obtained their supply from animal products, from multivitamin supplements in the form of pills, and as additives to food preparations. A wide variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities is also seen in vitamin B 12 deficiency and appears to be due to an undefined defect involving myelin synthesis. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p848)	0	3.41	1	1
Colonic Polyps Discrete tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the COLON. These POLYPS are connected to the wall of the colon either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	0	7.99	6	5
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica A fibrous degeneration, cyst formation, and the presence of fibrous nodules in bone, usually due to HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.	0	3.79	4	0
Post-Natal Depression [description not available]	0	2.94	1	0
Depression, Postpartum Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)	0	2.94	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	5.16	6	2
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	5.16	6	2
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	0	5.16	6	2
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	5.16	6	2
Calcinosis-Raynaud Phenomenon-Sclerodactyly-Telangiectasia [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	1	5.41	1	1
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Intradural-Extramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Spinal Cord Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplasms which occur within the substance of the spinal cord (intramedullary neoplasms) or in the space between the dura and spinal cord (intradural extramedullary neoplasms). The majority of intramedullary spinal tumors are primary CNS neoplasms including ASTROCYTOMA; EPENDYMOMA; and LIPOMA. Intramedullary neoplasms are often associated with SYRINGOMYELIA. The most frequent histologic types of intradural-extramedullary tumors are MENINGIOMA and NEUROFIBROMA.	0	2.03	1	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	0	3.41	1	1
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	0	3.41	1	1
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris A chronic skin disease characterized by small follicular papules, disseminated reddish-brown scaly patches, and often, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. The papules are about the size of a pin and topped by a horny plug.	0	2.37	2	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	0	3.83	12	0
Milk Fever, Animal [description not available]	0	2.42	2	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	0	3.34	2	0
Salivary Gland Calculi Calculi occurring in a salivary gland. Most salivary gland calculi occur in the submandibular gland, but can also occur in the parotid gland and in the sublingual and minor salivary glands.	0	2.69	3	0
Submandibular Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND.	0	2.41	2	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Hives [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Urticaria A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.	0	2.03	1	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	0	2.9	4	0
Hypovolemic [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Alkalosis, Respiratory A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.38	2	0
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell A poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in which the nucleus is pressed to one side by a cytoplasmic droplet of mucus. It usually arises in the gastrointestinal system.	0	2.03	1	0
Hypovolemia An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK).	0	2.03	1	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	0	3.47	8	0
Rupture, Spontaneous Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.	0	2.03	1	0
Circulatory Collapse [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.	0	2.03	1	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	0	2.4	2	0
Mediastinal Diseases Disorders of the mediastinum, general or unspecified.	0	2.03	1	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Pulmonary Eosinophilia A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.	0	2.03	1	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	0	2.03	1	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	0	4.05	3	1
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	0	4.05	3	1
Bone Hypertrophy [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Ambulation Difficulty [description not available]	0	2.03	1	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	0	2.96	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	0	2.96	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	0	3.42	1	1
Polyps Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.	0	3.42	1	1
Endometrial Diseases [description not available]	0	3.79	2	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	0	3.42	1	1
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.	0	3.79	2	1
HbS Disease [description not available]	0	3.78	2	1
Anemia, Sickle Cell A disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia, episodic painful crises, and pathologic involvement of many organs. It is the clinical expression of homozygosity for hemoglobin S.	0	3.78	2	1
Pancreatic Pseudocyst Cyst-like space not lined by EPITHELIUM and contained within the PANCREAS. Pancreatic pseudocysts account for most of the cystic collections in the pancreas and are often associated with chronic PANCREATITIS.	0	2.04	1	0
Autosomal Recessive Chronic Granulomatous Disease [description not available]	0	2.96	1	0
Vestibular Diseases Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls.	0	2.96	1	0
B cepacia Infection [description not available]	0	2.96	1	0
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.	0	2.96	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	0	2.4	2	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Bronchial Diseases Diseases involving the BRONCHI.	0	3.32	2	0
Bronchiectasis Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.	0	3.32	2	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	0	2.4	2	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	0	2.4	2	0
Low Back Ache [description not available]	0	2.04	1	0
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	0	2.04	1	0
Achlorhydria A lack of HYDROCHLORIC ACID in GASTRIC JUICE despite stimulation of gastric secretion.	0	3.78	4	0
Eye Manifestations Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.	0	1.94	1	0
Hyperpotassemia [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.35	2	0
Cancer of the Urinary Tract [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Pancreatic Insufficiency [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.	0	1.96	1	0
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Nutritional Disorders [description not available]	0	6.12	7	1
Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition.	0	6.12	7	1
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	0	5.51	6	1
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	0	5.51	6	1
Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS.	0	2.65	3	0
Eye Burns Injury to any part of the eye by extreme heat, chemical agents, or ultraviolet radiation.	0	2.35	2	0
Besnoitiasis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Poisoning, Fluoride [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Fluoride Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of FLUORIDE compounds.	0	1.96	1	0
Addison's Anemia [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Hemoptysis Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES.	0	1.96	1	0
Duodenal Diseases Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).	0	3.74	2	1
Blood Diseases [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	0	1.96	1	0
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	0	1.96	1	0
Hypophosphatasia A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin D-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation, renal calcinosis, failure to thrive, disorders of movement, beading of the costochondral junction, and rachitic bone changes. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.96	1	0
Infection, Wound [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Dental Deposit [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	0	3.27	2	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	0	3.27	2	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	0	3.2	6	0
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.	0	1.96	1	0
Cadmium Poisoning Poisoning occurring after exposure to cadmium compounds or fumes. It may cause gastrointestinal syndromes, anemia, or pneumonitis.	0	1.96	1	0
Parotid Duct Calculi [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Apolipoprotein B-100, Familial Defective [description not available]	0	3.34	1	1
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).	0	3.34	1	1
Monkey Diseases Diseases of Old World and New World monkeys. This term includes diseases of baboons but not of chimpanzees or gorillas (= APE DISEASES).	0	3.81	4	0
Bleb [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM.	0	1.98	1	0
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	0	1.98	1	0
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	0	1.98	1	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	0	2.9	1	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	0	2.9	1	0
Hypernatremia Excessive amount of sodium in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	1.98	1	0
Bed Sores [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Pressure Ulcer An ulceration caused by prolonged pressure on the SKIN and TISSUES when one stays in one position for a long period of time, such as lying in bed. The bony areas of the body are the most frequently affected sites which become ischemic (ISCHEMIA) under sustained and constant pressure.	0	1.98	1	0
Brain Damage, Chronic A condition characterized by long-standing brain dysfunction or damage, usually of three months duration or longer. Potential etiologies include BRAIN INFARCTION; certain NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ANOXIA, BRAIN; ENCEPHALITIS; certain NEUROTOXICITY SYNDROMES; metabolic disorders (see BRAIN DISEASES, METABOLIC); and other conditions.	0	1.98	1	0
Hypomenorrhea [description not available]	0	3.37	1	1
Brain Ventricular Neoplasms [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).	0	1.98	1	0
Acidosis, Renal Tubular, Type I [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Aura [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Adenoma Sebaceum Facial ANGIOFIBROMA in tuberous sclerosis	0	1.98	1	0
Acidosis, Renal Tubular A group of genetic disorders of the KIDNEY TUBULES characterized by the accumulation of metabolically produced acids with elevated plasma chloride, hyperchloremic metabolic ACIDOSIS. Defective renal acidification of URINE (proximal tubules) or low renal acid excretion (distal tubules) can lead to complications such as HYPOKALEMIA, hypercalcinuria with NEPHROLITHIASIS and NEPHROCALCINOSIS, and RICKETS.	0	2.36	2	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	0	1.98	1	0
Tuberous Sclerosis Autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome classically characterized by MENTAL RETARDATION; EPILEPSY; and skin lesions (e.g., adenoma sebaceum and hypomelanotic macules). There is, however, considerable heterogeneity in the neurologic manifestations. It is also associated with cortical tuber and HAMARTOMAS formation throughout the body, especially the heart, kidneys, and eyes. Mutations in two loci TSC1 and TSC2 that encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively, are associated with the disease.	0	1.98	1	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	0	1.98	1	0
Binge Eating [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Bulimia Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.	0	1.99	1	0
Mast Cell Activation Disease [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Maculopapular Cutaneous Mastocytosis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Mastocytosis A rare neoplastic disorder characterized by a clonal proliferation of MAST CELLS, associated with KIT-D816 mutations, and accompanied by aberrant mast cell activation. The abnormal increase of MAST CELLS may occur in only the skin (MASTOCYTOSIS, CUTANEOUS), in extracutaneous tissues involving multiple organs (MASTOCYTOSIS, SYSTEMIC), or in solid tumors (MASTOCYTOMA).	0	1.99	1	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	0	2.4	2	0
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	0	2.4	2	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	0	4.7	2	1
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	0	4.7	2	1
Kidney, Polycystic [description not available]	0	3.77	2	1
Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.	0	3.77	2	1
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	0	1.99	1	0
Parotid Diseases Diseases involving the PAROTID GLAND.	0	1.99	1	0
Pocket, Periodontal [description not available]	0	4.85	4	2
Periodontal Pocket An abnormal extension of a gingival sulcus accompanied by the apical migration of the epithelial attachment and bone resorption.	0	4.85	4	2
Harelip [description not available]	0	2.39	2	0
Facial Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.	0	1.99	1	0
Cleft Lip Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region.	0	2.39	2	0
Adenomatous Polyps Benign neoplasms derived from glandular epithelium. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	3.38	1	1
Avian Diseases [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
47,XX,+21 [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Down Syndrome A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)	0	1.99	1	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	0	3.78	2	1
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	0	3.78	2	1
Eye Disorders [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	0	2.66	3	0
Mucocele A retention cyst of the salivary gland, lacrimal sac, paranasal sinuses, appendix, or gallbladder. (Stedman, 26th ed)	0	1.99	1	0
Salivary Gland Diseases Diseases involving the SALIVARY GLANDS.	0	1.99	1	0
Lip Diseases Diseases involving the LIP.	0	1.99	1	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	0	1.99	1	0
Acid-Base Imbalance Disturbances in the ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM of the body.	0	2.38	2	0
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.	0	2.37	2	0
Gastric Diseases [description not available]	0	4.73	7	1
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	0	1.99	1	0
Adenosis of Breast [description not available]	0	2.68	3	0
Fibrocystic Breast Disease A common and benign breast disease characterized by varying degree of fibrocystic changes in the breast tissue. There are three major patterns of morphological changes, including FIBROSIS, formation of CYSTS, and proliferation of glandular tissue (adenosis). The fibrocystic breast has a dense irregular, lumpy, bumpy consistency.	0	2.68	3	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	0	2.66	3	0
Barrett Epithelium [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Barrett Esophagus A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.	0	3.39	1	1
Esophagitis INFLAMMATION, acute or chronic, of the ESOPHAGUS caused by BACTERIA, chemicals, or TRAUMA.	0	3.39	1	1
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	0	6.56	7	3
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	0	6.56	7	3
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	0	2.89	4	0
Flaccid Quadriplegia [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Attachment Loss, Periodontal [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Cranial Nerve II Diseases [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Panic Attacks [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Optic Nerve Diseases Conditions which produce injury or dysfunction of the second cranial or optic nerve, which is generally considered a component of the central nervous system. Damage to optic nerve fibers may occur at or near their origin in the retina, at the optic disk, or in the nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, or lateral geniculate nuclei. Clinical manifestations may include decreased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, impaired color vision, and an afferent pupillary defect.	0	2	1	0
Panic Disorder A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.	0	2	1	0
Hand Injuries General or unspecified injuries to the hand.	0	2.39	2	0
Pleural Diseases Diseases involving the PLEURA.	0	2	1	0
Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.	0	2	1	0
Chorea Disorders [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Convulsions, Grand Mal [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	0	2.01	1	0
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic A generalized seizure disorder characterized by recurrent major motor seizures. The initial brief tonic phase is marked by trunk flexion followed by diffuse extension of the trunk and extremities. The clonic phase features rhythmic flexor contractions of the trunk and limbs, pupillary dilation, elevations of blood pressure and pulse, urinary incontinence, and tongue biting. This is followed by a profound state of depressed consciousness (post-ictal state) which gradually improves over minutes to hours. The disorder may be cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (caused by an identified disease process). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p329)	0	2.01	1	0
Fibroid [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Hemorrhage, Uterine [description not available]	0	3.76	2	1
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	0	3.39	1	1
Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues.	0	3.39	1	1
Uterine Hemorrhage Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.	0	3.76	2	1
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	0	3.39	1	1
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	0	2.01	1	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	0	2.01	1	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	0	2.01	1	0
Esophagitis, Reflux [description not available]	0	4.96	3	1
Esophagitis, Peptic INFLAMMATION of the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by the reflux of GASTRIC JUICE with contents of the STOMACH and DUODENUM.	0	4.96	3	1
Testicular Diseases Pathological processes of the TESTIS.	0	2.01	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Familial [description not available]	0	2	1	0
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli A polyposis syndrome due to an autosomal dominant mutation of the APC genes (GENES, APC) on CHROMOSOME 5. The syndrome is characterized by the development of hundreds of ADENOMATOUS POLYPS in the COLON and RECTUM of affected individuals by early adulthood.	1	4	1	0
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available]	0	4.26	1	1
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	0	6.67	8	3
Xanthoma [description not available]	0	3.34	1	1
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	0	6.67	8	3
Heat Collapse [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Myoglobinuria The presence of MYOGLOBIN in URINE usually as a result of rhabdomyolysis.	0	1.95	1	0
Diaphragmatic Paralysis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Kidney Papillary Necrosis A complication of kidney diseases characterized by cell death involving KIDNEY PAPILLA in the KIDNEY MEDULLA. Damages to this area may hinder the kidney to concentrate urine resulting in POLYURIA. Sloughed off necrotic tissue may block KIDNEY PELVIS or URETER. Necrosis of multiple renal papillae can lead to KIDNEY FAILURE.	0	1.95	1	0
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.	0	4.99	5	2
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.95	1	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	0	2.36	2	0
Blood Loss, Surgical Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.	0	1.98	1	0
Postpartum Amenorrhea [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Amenorrhea Absence of menstruation.	0	1.98	1	0
Amyloidosis A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.	0	1.98	1	0
Rupture Forcible or traumatic tear or break of an organ or other soft part of the body.	0	1.98	1	0
Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW.	0	1.97	1	0
Infections, Proteus [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available]	0	3.36	1	1
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	0	1.97	1	0
Calciphylaxes [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	0	1.97	1	0
Bezoars Concretions of swallowed hair, fruit or vegetable fibers, or similar substances found in the alimentary canal.	0	1.97	1	0
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	0	1.97	1	0
Intussusception A form of intestinal obstruction caused by the PROLAPSE of a part of the intestine into the adjoining intestinal lumen. There are four types: colic, involving segments of the LARGE INTESTINE; enteric, involving only the SMALL INTESTINE; ileocecal, in which the ILEOCECAL VALVE prolapses into the CECUM, drawing the ILEUM along with it; and ileocolic, in which the ileum prolapses through the ileocecal valve into the COLON.	0	1.97	1	0
Factitious Disorders Disorders characterized by physical or psychological symptoms that are not real, genuine, or natural.	0	1.97	1	0
Femur Neck Fractures [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Femoral Neck Fractures Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.	0	1.97	1	0
Paranasal Sinus Diseases Diseases affecting or involving the PARANASAL SINUSES and generally manifesting as inflammation, abscesses, cysts, or tumors.	0	2.88	1	0
Neoplasms, Skull [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	0	1.97	1	0
Epulides [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Gingival Diseases Diseases involving the GINGIVA.	0	1.96	1	0
Cystinuria An inherited disorder due to defective reabsorption of CYSTINE and other BASIC AMINO ACIDS by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This form of aminoaciduria is characterized by the abnormally high urinary levels of cystine; LYSINE; ARGININE; and ORNITHINE. Mutations involve the amino acid transport protein gene SLC3A1.	0	1.96	1	0
Mediastinal Cyst Cysts of one of the parts of the mediastinum: the superior part, containing the trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct and thymus organs; the inferior middle part, containing the pericardium; the inferior anterior part containing some lymph nodes; and the inferior posterior part, containing the thoracic duct and esophagus.	0	1.97	1	0
Atypical Lipoma [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Thoracic Diseases Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.	0	1.97	1	0
Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.	0	1.97	1	0
Thoracic Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the THORAX.	0	1.97	1	0
Polyuria Urination of a large volume of urine with an increase in urinary frequency, commonly seen in diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETES INSIPIDUS).	0	1.96	1	0
Anus Prolapse [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Bile Duct Diseases Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.	0	1.96	1	0
Onchocerciasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.	0	1.96	1	0
Endemic Goiter [description not available]	0	2.35	2	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	0	1.94	1	0
Acne [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Xeroderma [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Lichen Ruber Planus [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	0	1.94	1	0
Ichthyosis Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.	0	1.94	1	0
Lichen Planus An inflammatory, pruritic disease of the skin and mucous membranes, which can be either generalized or localized. It is characterized by distinctive purplish, flat-topped papules having a predilection for the trunk and flexor surfaces. The lesions may be discrete or coalesce to form plaques. Histologically, there is a saw-tooth pattern of epidermal hyperplasia and vacuolar alteration of the basal layer of the epidermis along with an intense upper dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed predominantly of T-cells. Etiology is unknown.	0	1.94	1	0
Cervical Tuberculous Lymphadenitis [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Anthracosilicosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of dust that contains both CARBON and crystalline SILICON DIOXIDE. These foreign matters induce fibrous nodule formation in the lung.	0	1.95	1	0
Nasal Diseases [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.	0	1.95	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	1.95	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	0	1.95	1	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	1.95	1	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	0	3.33	1	1
Blood Clot [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	0	2.86	1	0
Diseases in Twins Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.	0	1.95	1	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	0	1.94	1	0
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	0	1.94	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	3.33	1	1
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	3.33	1	1
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Great Pox [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Cancer of the Tongue [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	0	2.86	1	0
Syphilis A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.	0	2.86	1	0
Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE.	0	2.86	1	0
Avitaminosis A condition due to a deficiency of one or more essential vitamins. (Dorland, 27th ed)	0	3.26	2	0
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available]	0	2.86	1	0
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.	0	2.86	1	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Dominant Hereditary Sensory Neuropathy, Type III [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Dysautonomia, Familial An autosomal disorder of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems limited to individuals of Ashkenazic Jewish descent. Clinical manifestations are present at birth and include diminished lacrimation, defective thermoregulation, orthostatic hypotension (HYPOTENSION, ORTHOSTATIC), fixed pupils, excessive SWEATING, loss of pain and temperature sensation, and absent reflexes. Pathologic features include reduced numbers of small diameter peripheral nerve fibers and autonomic ganglion neurons. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1348; Nat Genet 1993;4(2):160-4)	0	1.94	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	0	1.94	1	0
Appetite Disorders [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Feeding and Eating Disorders A group of disorders characterized by physiological and psychological disturbances in appetite or food intake.	0	1.94	1	0
Middle Ear Inflammation [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Otitis Media Inflammation of the MIDDLE EAR including the AUDITORY OSSICLES and the EUSTACHIAN TUBE.	0	1.94	1	0
Alcaptonuria [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Alkaptonuria An inborn error of amino acid metabolism resulting from a defect in the enzyme HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE, an enzyme involved in the breakdown of PHENYLALANINE and TYROSINE. It is characterized by accumulation of HOMOGENTISIC ACID in the urine, OCHRONOSIS in various tissues, and ARTHRITIS.	0	1.94	1	0
Asbestosis A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.	0	1.94	1	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	0	1.94	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	0	1.94	1	0
Hand Deformities, Acquired Deformities of the hand, or a part of the hand, acquired after birth as the result of injury or disease.	0	1.94	1	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	0	1.94	1	0
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)	0	1.94	1	0
Lipidoses Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.	0	1.94	1	0
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	0	1.94	1	0
Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available]	0	1.94	1	0
Vitamin A Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN A in the diet, characterized by NIGHT BLINDNESS and other ocular manifestations such as dryness of the conjunctiva and later of the cornea (XEROPHTHALMIA). Vitamin A deficiency is a very common problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries as a consequence of famine or shortages of vitamin A-rich foods. In the United States it is found among the urban poor, the elderly, alcoholics, and patients with malabsorption. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1179)	0	1.94	1	0
Decalcification, Pathologic The loss of calcium salts from bones and teeth. Bacteria may be responsible for this occurrence in teeth. Old age may be a factor contributing to calcium loss, as is the presence of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.	0	1.94	1	0
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	0	1.94	1	0

limestone

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Occurs in Manufacturing (299 Product(s))

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limestone

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (862)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (299 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (4)

Research

Studies (7,931)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 93.15

Study Types

Related Drugs (1,116)

Related Conditions (1,159)