moxidectin profile

moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	121595926
MeSH ID	M0317480

Synonym
moxidectin

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Adverse clinical reactions were not observed in moxidectin- or vehicle-treated cows."	( Safety assessment of moxidectin 1% injectable on reproductive performance in beef cows. Larsen, RE; Rae, DO; Wang, GT, 1994)	0.29
" Safety and tolerability were assessed by physical examinations, ongoing evaluation of adverse events (AEs), and measurement of laboratory values."	( The antiparasitic moxidectin: safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in humans. Brown, KR; Chen, CY; Cotreau, MM; Fleckenstein, L; Rock, D; Ryan, JL; Schwertschlag, US; Vanapalli, SR; Warren, S, 2003)	0.32
" Based on results of this study, the no observed adverse effect level for moxidectin sustained-release injectable (ProHeart 6) treatment in 10-week-old puppies was determined to be three times the recommended rate."	( Safety evaluation of moxidectin sustained-release injectable in 10-week-old puppies. Heaney, K; Lindahl, RG, 2005)	0.33
" No adverse events attributable to treatment with the test articles were observed during the study."	( Safety of imidacloprid plus moxidectin topical solution applied to cats heavily infected with adult heartworms (Dirofilaria immitis). Arther, RG; Atkins, C; Ciszewski, DK; Davis, WL; Ensley, SM; Settje, TL, 2005)	0.33
" Only three mild, possibly drug-related adverse reactions were observed among alI treated animals (two in the imidacloprid/moxidectin group, one in the selamectin group)."	( Efficacy and safety of imidacloprid 10% plus moxidectin 2.5% spot-on in the treatment of sarcoptic mange and otoacariosis in dogs: results af a European field study. Dumont, P; Heine, J; Hellmann, K; Krieger, K, 2005)	0.33
" No serious adverse effects to treatment were recorded: most of the minor adverse effects were gastrointestinal such as diarrhea (nine dogs), vomitus (eight dogs) and salivation (three dogs)."	( Efficacy and safety of imidacloprid/moxidectin spot-on solution and fenbendazole in the treatment of dogs naturally infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum (Baillet, 1866). Heine, J; Jensen, AL; Koch, J; Kristensen, AT; Willesen, JL, 2007)	0.34
" No treated animals showed adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 1% spot-on formulation in the treatment of feline aelurostrongylosis. Di Cesare, A; Heine, J; Iorio, R; Lohr, B; Milillo, P; Pampurini, F; Paoletti, B; Schaper, R; Traversa, D, 2009)	0.35
" The three dogs were tested for the presence of the multi-drug resistance 1 gene deletion, which can cause an increased sensitivity to the toxic effects of moxidectin, and were found to be negative."	( Toxicity in three dogs from accidental oral administration of a topical endectocide containing moxidectin and imidacloprid. McGill, SE; Raisis, AL; See, AM; Swindells, KL, 2009)	0.35
" Advocate(®) spot-on for small cats and ferrets is an effective and safe treatment for ear mite infection in ferrets."	( Efficacy and safety of the combination imidacloprid 10 % / moxidectin 1.0 % spot-on (Advocate(®) spot-on for small cats and ferrets) in the treatment of ear mite infection (Otodectes cynotis) in ferrets. Bour, S; Le Sueur, C; Schaper, R, 2011)	0.37
" Also, treated cats showed no adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of imidacloprid 10%/moxidectin 1% spot-on formulation in the treatment of feline infection by Capillaria aerophila. Braun, G; Castagna, G; Di Cesare, A; Di Giulio, E; Lohr, B; Milillo, P; Pampurini, F; Schaper, R; Strube, K; Traversa, D, 2012)	0.38
"3 µmol/kg for IVM and MOX, respectively, demonstrating that MOX was less toxic than IVM."	( Relative neurotoxicity of ivermectin and moxidectin in Mdr1ab (-/-) mice and effects on mammalian GABA(A) channel activity. Lespine, A; Ménez, C; Prichard, R; Sutra, JF, 2012)	0.38
" This model can be used to identify toxic P-gp substrates with altered safety in dog populations and may reduce dog use in safety studies that are part of the drug approval process."	( P-gp substrate-induced neurotoxicity in an Abcb1a knock-in/Abcb1b knock-out mouse model with a mutated canine ABCB1 targeted insertion. Buckely, LE; Jhingory, MV; Jones, YL; Lancaster, VA; Myers, MJ; Orzechowski, KL; Robl, MG; Swaim, HL; Swain, MD; Tinaza, CA; Yancy, HF, 2013)	0.39
" No adverse events related to treatment were reported during the study."	( Safety and efficacy of 10% imidacloprid+2.5% moxidectin for the treatment of Dirofilaria immitis circulating microfilariae in experimentally infected dogs. Arther, R; Davis, W; McCall, JW; Settje, T, 2014)	0.4
" No serious adverse events associated with either product were observed during the study."	( Clinical evaluation of the safety and efficacy of 10% imidacloprid + 2.5% moxidectin topical solution for the treatment of ear mite (Otodectes cynotis) infestations in dogs. Arther, RG; Davis, WL; Jacobsen, JA; Lewis, VA; Settje, TL, 2015)	0.42
" It is concluded that Seresto(®) is chemically compatible with solvents used in major spot-on formulations on the market and is dermally and systemically safe for adult dogs and cats when used concomitantly with Advocate(®) and Profender(®) spot-on formulations."	( Chemical Compatibility and Safety of Imidacloprid/Flumethrin Collar (Seresto®) Concomitantly Used with Imidacloprid/Moxidectin (Advocate®, Advantage® Multi) and Emodepside/Praziquantel (Profender®) Spot-on Formulations. Crafford, D; Deuster, K; Fourie, J; Krüdewagen, EM; Remer, C; Schunack, B; Stanneck, D; Wolken, S, 2015)	0.42
"No adverse events related to the two products, nor skin reactions, general signs, or changes in the haematological profile, were observed during the study."	( Six-month field efficacy and safety of the combined treatment of dogs with Frontline Tri-Act® and NexGard Spectra®. Abbate, JM; Arfuso, F; Beugnet, F; Brianti, E; Gaglio, G; Giannetto, S; Halos, L; Napoli, E, 2018)	0.48
"Concurrent topical administration of a fluralaner plus moxidectin and a praziquantel product did not result in adverse findings."	( Safety of topical administration of fluralaner plus moxidectin concurrently with praziquantel in cats. Fisara, P; Roepke, RKA; Walther, FM, 2018)	0.48
" Both products were safe and well tolerated."	( Field effectiveness and safety of fluralaner plus moxidectin (Bravecto® Plus) against ticks and fleas: a European randomized, blinded, multicenter field study in naturally-infested client-owned cats. Gil, MJ; Loehlein, W; Pobel, T; Roepke, RKA; Rohdich, N; Wolf, O; Zschiesche, E, 2018)	0.48
" Study 4: PH 12 produced marked reductions in circulating microfilariae and lower numbers of adult heartworms, but no adverse clinical signs were identified."	( Safety of an extended-release injectable moxidectin suspension formulation (ProHeart Alleman, K; Boucher, JF; Carroll, R; Collard, W; Esch, K; Fielder, A; Krautmann, MJ; Kryda, K; Luo, L; Mahabir, S; McCandless, E; Morton, T; Nederveld, S; Wolthuis, TL, 2019)	0.51
"Simparica Trio™ administered orally once monthly for two consecutive treatments was safe and effective against natural flea infestations and substantially improved clinical signs associated with FAD in client-owned dogs in a field study conducted in the USA."	( Safety and efficacy of a novel oral chewable combination tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against natural flea infestations in client-owned dogs in the USA. Inskeep, T; Kryda, K; Mahabir, SP; Rugg, J, 2020)	0.56
" Moxidectin was well tolerated across all treatment groups, with no serious adverse events being recorded and all reported symptoms being classified as mild."	( Efficacy and safety of ascending doses of moxidectin against Strongyloides stercoralis infections in adults: a randomised, parallel-group, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, phase 2a trial. Chongvilay, B; Hattendorf, J; Hofmann, D; Keiser, J; Sayasone, S; Sengngam, K, 2021)	0.62
" No serious adverse events were reported during the study."	( Efficacy and safety of moxidectin and albendazole compared with ivermectin and albendazole coadministration in adolescents infected with Trichuris trichiura in Tanzania: an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial. Ali, SM; Hattendorf, J; Hürlimann, E; Keiser, J; Mrimi, EC; Welsche, S, 2023)	0.91
" Most common adverse events were abdominal pain (range across arms: 11."	( Efficacy and Safety of Moxidectin-Albendazole and Ivermectin-Albendazole Combination Therapy Compared to Albendazole Monotherapy in Adolescents and Adults Infected with Trichuris trichiura: A Randomized, Controlled Superiority Trial. Coulibaly, JT; Hattendorf, J; Hürlimann, E; Keiser, J; Sprecher, VP, 2023)	0.91
"One hundred sixty-four individuals were treated, and monitored for treatment emergent adverse events (TEAE)."	( Safety and tolerability of moxidectin and ivermectin combination treatments for lymphatic filariasis in Côte d'Ivoire: A randomized controlled superiority study. Bjerum, CM; Budge, PJ; Fischer, PU; Gabo, PT; Goss, CW; King, CL; Koudou, BG; Lew, D; Ouattara, AF; Weil, GJ, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" It is concluded that in horses the commercial preparation of MXD presents a pharmacokinetic profile which differs significantly from that found for a commercial preparation of IVM."	( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of moxidectin (Equest) and ivermectin (Eqvalan) in horses. Alvinerie, M; Cabezas, I; Galtier, P; García, M; Pérez, R; Rubilar, L; Sutra, JF, 1999)	0.3
" The method is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of moxidectin after oral administration to humans."	( Liquid chromatographic assay of moxidectin in human plasma for application to pharmacokinetic studies. Chen, YC; Fleckenstein, L; Hung, YP, 2002)	0.31
"To study the pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of moxidectin in beagle dogs experimentally infected with the filarial parasite Brugia pahangi, and to evaluate and compare the results obtained from population pharmacokinetic analysis and individual compartmental analysis."	( Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of oral moxidectin in beagle dogs. Dzimianski, MT; Fleckenstein, L; Hung, YP; McCall, JW; Vanapalli, SR, 2002)	0.31
"The best pharmacokinetic model was a two-compartment model with first-order absorption."	( Pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of oral moxidectin in beagle dogs. Dzimianski, MT; Fleckenstein, L; Hung, YP; McCall, JW; Vanapalli, SR, 2002)	0.31
" Reducing the rate of fat deposition influenced the pharmacokinetic disposition of the highly lipophilic MXD but did not influence the pharmacokinetic disposition of the less lipophilic IVM."	( Does the rate of fat deposition influence the pharmacokinetic disposition of subcutaneously administered moxidectin and ivermectin in pigs? Craven, J; Friis, C; Hennessy, DR, 2002)	0.31
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) samples were collected just prior to dosing and at various time points until 80 days postdose."	( The antiparasitic moxidectin: safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in humans. Brown, KR; Chen, CY; Cotreau, MM; Fleckenstein, L; Rock, D; Ryan, JL; Schwertschlag, US; Vanapalli, SR; Warren, S, 2003)	0.32
" The aim of the current work was to evaluate the effect of verapamil, a P-GP substrate, on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the anthelmintics ivermectin and moxidectin in sheep."	( Influence of verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of the antiparasitic drugs ivermectin and moxidectin in sheep. Lanusse, C; Lifschitz, A; Molento, MB; Prichard, R; Sallovitz, J, 2004)	0.32
"Most pharmacokinetic studies on anthelmintic drugs have been performed on non-parasitized animals."	( The influence of parasitism on the pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in lambs. Alvinerie, M; Aumont, G; Dupuy, J; Lespine, A; Sutra, JF, 2004)	0.32
"We studied the influence of dyslipemia on the distribution of moxidectin, a potent antiparasitic drug of the macrocyclic lactone (ML) family, in plasma lipoproteins and on its pharmacokinetic behaviour."	( Influence of dyslipidemia on moxidectin distribution in plasma lipoproteins and on its pharmacokinetics. Alvinerie, M; Bassissi, MF; Lespine, A; Martin, PG; Perret, B, 2006)	0.33
" Moxidectin and lipids were measured in plasma and in lipoproteins and the pharmacokinetic parameters calculated."	( Influence of dyslipidemia on moxidectin distribution in plasma lipoproteins and on its pharmacokinetics. Alvinerie, M; Bassissi, MF; Lespine, A; Martin, PG; Perret, B, 2006)	0.33
" The obtained data were analysed by compartmental and non-compartmental pharmacokinetic techniques."	( Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of moxidectin and ivermectin after oral administration to beagle dogs. Al-Azzam, SI; Cheng, KJ; Dzimianski, MT; Fleckenstein, L; McCall, JW, 2007)	0.34
" Our primary aim was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of a macrocyclic lactone, moxidectin, to assist in the development of effective treatment protocols."	( Pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in the southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons). Death, CE; Holyoake, C; Milne, R; Schultz, DJ; Taggart, DA; Warren, KS; Williams, DB, 2011)	0.37
" Half-life was longer (p=0."	( Pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in alpacas following administration of an oral or subcutaneous formulation. Cocquyt, CM; Cox, S; Martín-Jiménez, T; Rohrbach, B; Van Amstel, S, 2016)	0.43
" Plasma and skin pharmacokinetic profiles were determined."	( Preclinical Study of Single-Dose Moxidectin, a New Oral Treatment for Scabies: Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics Compared to Two-Dose Ivermectin in a Porcine Model. Aho, LS; Bernigaud, C; Botterel, F; Chosidow, O; Dreau, D; Fang, F; Fischer, K; Guillot, J; Kelly, A; Lespine, A; Lilin, T; Moreau, F; Sutra, JF, 2016)	0.43
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) and -dynamic studies are required to support its clinical development."	( Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the anthelmintic drug moxidectin in a volumetric absorptive microsample, blood, and plasma: Application to a pharmacokinetic study of adults infected with Strongyloides stercoralis Hofmann, D; Keiser, J; Sayasone, S, 2021)	0.62
" Pharmacokinetic samples were collected prior to dosing and at intervals up to 12 months post-dose from 33 and 34 individuals treated with 2 and 4 mg moxidectin, respectively and up to 18 months post-dose from 31 individuals treated with 8 mg moxidectin."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral moxidectin in individuals with Onchocerca volvulus infection. Attah, SK; Awadzi, K; Fleckenstein, L; Kuesel, AC; Lazdins-Helds, J; Opoku, N; Rayner, C; Ryg-Cornejo, V; Sullivan, M; Tan, B, 2022)	0.72
"We found no relationship between severity of infection (mild, moderate or severe) and exposure parameters (AUC0-∞ and Cmax), T1/2 and Tmax for moxidectin."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral moxidectin in individuals with Onchocerca volvulus infection. Attah, SK; Awadzi, K; Fleckenstein, L; Kuesel, AC; Lazdins-Helds, J; Opoku, N; Rayner, C; Ryg-Cornejo, V; Sullivan, M; Tan, B, 2022)	0.72
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using standard non-compartmental analysis methods."	( Pharmacokinetics of Moxidectin combined with Albendazole or Albendazole plus Diethylcarbamazine for Bancroftian Filariasis. Alshehri, A; Bala, V; Bjerum, C; Budge, PJ; Chhonker, YS; Fischer, PU; Gabo, TP; King, CL; Koudou, BG; Meïté, A; Murry, DJ; Ouattara, AF; Weil, GJ, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The strategic use of moxidectin or closantel in combination with levamisole (LEV) to control gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in the highlands of central Kenya was examined."	( Strategic use of moxidectin or closantel in combination with levamisole in the control of nematodes of sheep in the highlands of central Kenya. Gichigi, MN; Maingi, N; Munyua, WK, 2002)	0.31
" In female worms, Dim-pgp-10, Dim-haf-1 and Dim-haf-5 were upregulated compared to controls with doxycycline alone and when combined with ivermectin."	( Transporter gene expression and Wolbachia quantification in adults of Dirofilaria immitis treated in vitro with ivermectin or moxidectin alone or in combination with doxycycline for 12 h. Bazzocchi, C; Cafiso, A; Ciuca, L; Genchi, M; Kramer, LH; Lucchetti, C; McCall, J; Vismarra, A, 2022)	0.72

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The AUC were similar after both treatments indicating the same bioavailability for the two routes of administration."	( The pharmacokinetics of moxidectin after oral and subcutaneous administration to sheep. Alvinerie, M; Eeckhoutte, C; Escudero, E; Galtier, P; Sutra, JF, )	0.13
" The apparent absorption rate of moxidectin was not significantly different after oral and subcutaneous administration but the extent of absorption, reflected in the peak concentration (C(max)) and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), of the subcutaneous injection (24."	( Pharmacokinetics of moxidectin and doramectin in goats. Alvinerie, M; Carceles, CM; Diaz, MS; Escudero, E; Galtier, P; Sutra, JF, 1999)	0.3
" This in vitro study allowed selection of compounds which are able to increase the moxidectin bioavailability in lambs."	( Enhancement of moxidectin bioavailability in lamb by a natural flavonoid: quercetin. Alvinerie, M; Dupuy, J; Larrieu, G; Lespine, A; Sutra, JF, 2003)	0.32
" Lipid-based formulations should improve the bioavailability of moxidectin in rabbits."	( Enhancement of oral moxidectin bioavailability in rabbits by lipid co-administration. Alvinerie, M; Bassissi, MF; Lespine, A, 2004)	0.32
" Oral bioavailability after drug ingestion due to allo-licking was 13."	( Endectocide exchanges between grazing cattle after pour-on administration of doramectin, ivermectin and moxidectin. Alvinerie, M; Bousquet-Mélou, A; Mercadier, S; Toutain, PL, 2004)	0.32
" The systemic bioavailability of oral moxidectin coadministered with lipid was only 40% in the lymph duct-cannulated dogs compared with 71% in the controls."	( Contribution of lymphatic transport to the systemic exposure of orally administered moxidectin in conscious lymph duct-cannulated dogs. Alvinerie, M; Bassissi, FM; Bousquet-Melou, A; Chanoit, G; Lallemand, E; Lespine, A; Toutain, PL, 2006)	0.33
"Moxidectin is a long-acting anthelmintic drug for which little is known about its kinetic behaviour in dogs and its oral absolute bioavailability has never been reported."	( Estimation of absolute oral bioavailability of moxidectin in dogs using a semi-simultaneous method: influence of lipid co-administration. Alvinerie, M; Bousquet-Melou, A; Lallemand, E; Lespine, A; Toutain, PL, 2007)	0.34
" The changes are consistent with an increase in moxidectin bioavailability following administration with food."	( The effect of a high-fat breakfast on the pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in healthy male subjects: a randomized phase I trial. Cailleux, K; Chalon, S; Fitoussi, S; Fleckenstein, L; Gourley, I; Korth-Bradley, JM; Matschke, K; Parks, V, 2012)	0.38
" The relative bioavailability of the oral moxidectin to the subcutaneous moxidectin was 11%."	( Pharmacokinetics of moxidectin in alpacas following administration of an oral or subcutaneous formulation. Cocquyt, CM; Cox, S; Martín-Jiménez, T; Rohrbach, B; Van Amstel, S, 2016)	0.43

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Groups 1 and 3 were given milbemycin oxime at a dosage of 500 micrograms/kg of body weight, PO, on day 0 and on days 0 and 30, respectively; groups 2 and 4 were nontreated controls."	( Efficacy of milbemycin oxime against experimentally induced Ancylostoma caninum and Uncinaria stenocephala infections in dogs. Bhopale, V; Niamatali, S; Schad, GA, 1992)	0.28
"Fifteen Collies, previously having mild reactions to ivermectin challenge (120 micrograms/kg of body weight; 20 times the recommended dosage level), were studied to evaluate the effects of milbemycin oxime administration at 5 and 10 mg/kg (10 and 20 times the manufacturer's recommended dosage)."	( Assessment of toxicosis induced by high-dose administration of milbemycin oxime in collies. Paul, AJ; Todd, KS; Tranquilli, WJ, 1991)	0.28
" More appropriately, drug resistance should be defined as 'a change in gene frequency of a population, produced by drug selection, which renders the minimal, effective dosage previously used to kill a defined portion (e."	( Structure and activity of avermectins and milbemycins in animal health. Fisher, MH; Mrozik, H; Shoop, WL, 1995)	0.29
"The concentration of moxidectin, a macrocyclic lactone endectocide, in the blood serum of cattle resulting from single and daily subcutaneous injections and oral dosing was determined as a function of time."	( Moxidectin: pharmacokinetics and activity against horn flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and trichostrongyle nematode egg production. Miller, JA; Oehler, DD; Scholl, PJ, 1994)	0.29
" The dosage of ivermectin required to remove 95 per cent of the ivermectin-resistant O circumcincta and T colubriformis were 23 times and six times larger, respectively, than the dosages required to remove the same percentage of susceptible isolates."	( Mutual resistance to avermectins and milbemycins: oral activity of ivermectin and moxidectin against ivermectin-resistant and susceptible nematodes. Eary, CH; Haines, HW; Michael, BF; Shoop, WL, 1993)	0.29
" Moxidectin demonstrated a trend towards greater efficacy against encysted cyathostome larvae than a therapeutic dosage of ivermectin, but this difference was not statistically significant."	( Comparison of moxidectin oral gel and ivermectin oral paste against a spectrum of internal parasites of ponies with special attention to encysted cyathostome larvae. Chapman, MR; French, DD; Klei, TR; Monahan, CM; Taylor, HW, 1996)	0.29
" The ewes in each group were dosed with their anthelmintic on April 4 (day 0) before being turned out to separate equal-sized paddocks within the same field on the following morning."	( Efficacy of moxidectin, ivermectin and albendazole oral drenches for suppression of periparturient rise in ewe worm egg output and reduction of anthelmintic treatment for lambs. Edgar, HW; Ellison, S; Ferguson, L; Kenny, J; Taylor, SM, 1997)	0.3
" In a third study, two prophylactic dosing schemes involving three ivermectin treatments at intervals of eight weeks, and two moxidectin treatments 12 weeks apart, were found to be highly effective in controlling strongyle infections of horses on pasture."	( Comparative studies of ivermectin and moxidectin in the control of naturally acquired cyathostome infections in horses. Claerebout, E; Demeulenaere, D; Dorny, P; Vercruysse, J, 1997)	0.3
"In a trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of the recommended dosage of moxidectin 2% oral gel against the gastric stages of Gasterophilus spp."	( Efficacy of moxidectin 2% oral gel against second- and third-instar Gasterophilus intestinalis De Geer. Chapman, MR; French, DD; Klei, TR; Scholl, PJ, 1998)	0.3
" The anthelmintic efficacy of the solid formulation was assessed at four dosage levels in sheep and it was demonstrated that the dosage of anthelmintic agent could be reduced to 1/6 of the present recommended injectable dose."	( Sustained-release delivery systems and their application for endoparasite control in animals. Birks, DV; Brandon, MR; Cardamone, M; Lee, RP; Lofthouse, SA; Lucas, JC; O'Donoghue, M, 1998)	0.3
"Persistent anthelmintic efficacy of topical formulations (all at a dosage of 500 microg/kg) of doramectin (DOR), ivermectin (IVM), eprinomectin (EPR) and moxidectin (MOX), in comparison with untreated control cattle (CONT), was observed in stocker beef calves during a 112-day winter-spring grazing trial."	( A comparison of persistent anthelmintic efficacy of topical formulations of doramectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin and moxidectin against naturally acquired nematode infections of beef calves. Clymer, BC; DeRosa, A; Guerino, F; Gurie, J; Loyacano, AF; Williams, JC, 1999)	0.3
"5% pour-on at a dosage of 500 microg of moxidectin/kg body weight and heifers from the other group remained as untreated controls."	( Moxidectin pour-on for control of natural populations of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus (Acarina: Ixodidae). Anziani, OS; García Posse, F; Guglielmone, AA; Ioppolo, M; Mangold, AJ; Muñoz Cobeñas, ME; Scherling, N, 2000)	0.31
"Eighty-eight lambs were allocated to one of four groups which were then dosed with 10,000 infective-stage larvae (L3) of one of four populations of Ostertagia circumcincta; the first (S) was an isolate known to be anthelmintic-susceptible; the second (OR) was a multiple anthelmintic-resistant isolate which had been recovered from the field following therapeutic failure of both ivermectin and moxidectin and subsequently maintained in the laboratory without further anthelmintic selection."	( Resistance to therapeutic treatment with macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics in Ostertagia circumcincta. Bisset, SA; Leathwick, DM; Moen, IC; Sutherland, IA, 2002)	0.31
" Eight calves (Group 3) were also treated with moxidectin pour-on at the same dosage on Day 23 in order to determine efficacy against adult nematodes; eight control calves (Group 4) were matched with these principals."	( Dose confirmation of moxidectin 0.5% pour-on against adults and fourth-stage larvae of various Cooperia spp. and Trichostrongylus colubriformis in Louisiana. DeRosa, A; Williams, JC, 2003)	0.32
"2 mg/kg, the dosage registered for other host species."	( Anthelmintic treatment in horses: the extra-label use of products and the danger of under-dosing. Matthee, S, 2003)	0.32
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) samples were collected just prior to dosing and at various time points until 80 days postdose."	( The antiparasitic moxidectin: safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in humans. Brown, KR; Chen, CY; Cotreau, MM; Fleckenstein, L; Rock, D; Ryan, JL; Schwertschlag, US; Vanapalli, SR; Warren, S, 2003)	0.32
" Ewes were dosed after lambing with the aim of controlling their periparturient rise in faecal egg output and lambs were dosed at six-week intervals throughout the summer."	( Failure of moxidectin to control benzimidazole-, levamisole- and ivermectin-resistant Teladorsagia circumcinda in a sheep flock. Bartley, DJ; Jackson, F; Moir, AC; Sargison, ND, 2005)	0.33
" Beagle dogs were operated for lymph duct cannulation and were orally dosed with 38g of corn oil and moxidectin (0."	( Contribution of lymphatic transport to the systemic exposure of orally administered moxidectin in conscious lymph duct-cannulated dogs. Alvinerie, M; Bassissi, FM; Bousquet-Melou, A; Chanoit, G; Lallemand, E; Lespine, A; Toutain, PL, 2006)	0.33
" Unit-dose applicators and the dosing schedule used in these studies were designed to provide a minimum of 10mg imidacloprid and 1mg moxidectin/kg."	( Imidacloprid/moxidectin topical solution for the prevention of heartworm disease and the treatment and control of flea and intestinal nematodes of cats. Arther, RG; Charles, S; Ciszewski, DK; Davis, WL; Settje, TS, 2005)	0.33
" All Sarcoptes-infested dogs were topically treated twice (days 0 and 28) with the dosage recommended by the respective manufacturer (27 dogs with imidacloprid/moxidectin, 26 with selamectin)."	( Efficacy and safety of imidacloprid 10% plus moxidectin 2.5% spot-on in the treatment of sarcoptic mange and otoacariosis in dogs: results af a European field study. Dumont, P; Heine, J; Hellmann, K; Krieger, K, 2005)	0.33
" Ten Beagle dogs were dosed orally and then intravenously (i."	( Estimation of absolute oral bioavailability of moxidectin in dogs using a semi-simultaneous method: influence of lipid co-administration. Alvinerie, M; Bousquet-Melou, A; Lallemand, E; Lespine, A; Toutain, PL, 2007)	0.34
" Animals received moxidectin (1% Cydectin, FortDodge) at an oral dosage of approximately 2 mg/kg body weight by micropipette; administration was repeated after 15 days."	( Oral administration of moxidectin for treatment of murine acariosis due to Radfordia affinis. Farca, AM; Peano, A; Pollicino, P; Rambozzi, L; Rossi, L, 2008)	0.35
"The optimal dosage level of the combination for hedgehogs was determined by assigning 20 hedgehogs into three treatment groups (0."	( Efficacy of a combination of 10% imidacloprid and 1% moxidectin against Caparinia tripilis in African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). Ahn, KS; Kim, KR; Oh, DS; Shin, SS, 2012)	0.38
" The dosage for all treatments was the licensed dose of 10–25 mg imidacloprid/2."	( The efficacy of a topically applied imidacloprid 10 % / moxidectin 2.5 % formulation (Advocate®, Advantage® Multi, Bayer) against Immature and Adult Spirocerca lupi worms in experimentally infected dogs. Austin, CM; Crafford, D; Kok, DJ; Schaper, R, 2013)	0.39
" This blinded, randomized three-phase clinical trial compared its efficacy employing different dosing regimens with that of ivermectin."	( Canine generalized demodicosis treated with varying doses of a 2.5% moxidectin+10% imidacloprid spot-on and oral ivermectin: parasiticidal effects and long-term treatment outcomes. Ball, G; Fields, PJ; Halliwell, RE; Louw, J; Louw, ML; Paterson, TE; Pinckney, R, 2014)	0.4
" When dogs receive consecutive doses of Advantage Multi for Dogs as prescribed, heartworm infections will be prevented throughout the monthly dosing interval after administration of several monthly doses."	( Protection of dogs against canine heartworm infection 28 days after four monthly treatments with Advantage Multi® for Dogs. Basel, C; Bowman, DD; Grazette, AR; Hostetler, JA; Wang, Y, 2016)	0.43
" Commencing 4 weeks after birth all lambs were dosed weekly with 250 infective larvae (L3) of either an ML-susceptible or -resistant isolate of Teladorsagia circumcinta."	( Selection for anthelmintic resistant Teladorsagia circumcincta in pre-weaned lambs by treating their dams with long-acting moxidectin injection. Fraser, K; Leathwick, DM; Miller, CM, 2015)	0.42
" The treatment regimen of monthly IMD + MOX topically (per labeled dosage and administration) for 10 months and 10 mg/kg doxycycline BID orally for 30 days was initiated 30 days post-surgical transplant."	( Assessment of parasitological findings in heartworm-infected beagles treated with Advantage Multi® for dogs (10% imidacloprid + 2.5% moxidectin) and doxycycline. Dzimianski, MT; Hostetler, JA; Moorhead, AR; Ohmes, CM; Savadelis, MD; Settje, TL; Zolynas, R, 2017)	0.46
" Using the Worminator, we compared the dose-response characteristics of several avermectin/milbemycin (AM) compounds using L3 from both AM-susceptible and AM-resistant Cooperia spp."	( Motility in the L3 stage is a poor phenotype for detecting and measuring resistance to avermectin/milbemycin drugs in gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock. George, MM; Howell, SB; Kaplan, RM; Lopez-Soberal, L; Storey, BE, 2018)	0.48
" Additionally, in the field study no dog tested positive for adult heartworm infection when dosed with the combination product monthly for 11 months, while two dogs treated with Heartgard® Plus tested positive."	( Laboratory and field studies to investigate the efficacy of a novel, orally administered combination product containing moxidectin, sarolaner and pyrantel for the prevention of heartworm disease (Dirofilaria immitis) in dogs. Chapin, S; Cundiff, B; Holzmer, SJ; Inskeep, T; Kryda, K; Maeder, SJ; Mahabir, SP; McCall, JW; McTier, TL; Myers, M; Pullins, A; Rugg, J; Six, RH; Ulrich, M; Walsh, KF, 2019)	0.51
" Six laboratory studies were conducted to support dosage selection and efficacy confirmation of a novel combination of sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel against four tick species that commonly infest dogs in Europe."	( Efficacy of a novel chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against four common tick species infesting dogs in Europe. Becskei, C; Liebenberg, J; Mahabir, SP; Thys, M, 2020)	0.56
"2 mg/kg sarolaner was the lowest dosage evaluated that provided > 90% efficacy for at least 28 days and therefore was selected as the dosage to provide tick control for at least one month following a single oral treatment."	( Efficacy of a novel chewable tablet containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) against four common tick species infesting dogs in Europe. Becskei, C; Liebenberg, J; Mahabir, SP; Thys, M, 2020)	0.56
" The initial study (Study 1) determined the efficacious dosage of moxidectin in the combination product by evaluating three different dose levels, and two follow-up studies (Studies 2 and 3) confirmed the efficacy of the selected moxidectin dose."	( Efficacy of orally administered combination of moxidectin, sarolaner and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) for the prevention of experimental Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in dogs. Becskei, C; Doherty, P; Mahabir, SP; Thys, M, 2020)	0.56
" Timing of dosing relative to infection allowed for efficacy to be evaluated against the immature adult (L5) stage."	( Efficacy of orally administered combination of moxidectin, sarolaner and pyrantel (Simparica Trio™) for the prevention of experimental Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in dogs. Becskei, C; Doherty, P; Mahabir, SP; Thys, M, 2020)	0.56
" Twenty-two dogs with HWI whose owners declined melarsomine were treated with M/I at the preventive dosage twice monthly for 90 days then monthly thereafter and doxycycline (median [interquartile range; IQR] dosage 12."	( Non-Arsenical heartworm adulticidal therapy using topical moxidectin-imidacloprid and doxycycline: A prospective case series. Ames, MK; Atkins, CE; Evans, C; VanVranken, P, 2020)	0.56
" stercoralis-infected adults using a pharmacometric approach, and to perform model-based simulations to explore different drug dosing strategies."	( Characterization of the Population Pharmacokinetics of Moxidectin in Adults Infected with Strongyloides Stercoralis: Support for a Fixed-Dose Treatment Regimen. Hofmann, D; Keiser, J; Pfister, M; Sayasone, S; Smit, C, 2022)	0.72
" Equivalent exposures after fixed-dose and weight-dependent dosing strategies support the use of a simple fixed-dose approach, particularly in large-scale treatment programs."	( Characterization of the Population Pharmacokinetics of Moxidectin in Adults Infected with Strongyloides Stercoralis: Support for a Fixed-Dose Treatment Regimen. Hofmann, D; Keiser, J; Pfister, M; Sayasone, S; Smit, C, 2022)	0.72
" Population-based pharmacometric modeling that would help to identify an ideal dosing strategy are yet lacking."	( Optimizing moxidectin dosing for Strongyloides stercoralis infections: Insights from pharmacometric modeling. Hofmann, D; Keiser, J; Pfister, M; Sayasone, S; Smit, C, 2022)	0.72
" As no new products are available utilizing a novel drug class for the prevention of this disease, the only options for combating ML resistance include increasing the dose and/or changing the dosage regime of current MLs, or by optimizing the formulations of MLs currently available."	( Moxidectin: heartworm disease prevention in dogs in the face of emerging macrocyclic lactone resistance. Kryda, K; Maeder, SJ; McTier, TL; Savadelis, MD; Woods, DJ, 2022)	0.72
" Pharmacokinetic samples were collected prior to dosing and at intervals up to 12 months post-dose from 33 and 34 individuals treated with 2 and 4 mg moxidectin, respectively and up to 18 months post-dose from 31 individuals treated with 8 mg moxidectin."	( Pharmacokinetics of oral moxidectin in individuals with Onchocerca volvulus infection. Attah, SK; Awadzi, K; Fleckenstein, L; Kuesel, AC; Lazdins-Helds, J; Opoku, N; Rayner, C; Ryg-Cornejo, V; Sullivan, M; Tan, B, 2022)	0.72

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	26 (3.00)	18.7374
1990's	197 (22.75)	18.2507
2000's	251 (28.98)	29.6817
2010's	275 (31.76)	24.3611
2020's	117 (13.51)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	200 (22.65%)	5.53%
Reviews	44 (4.98%)	6.00%
Case Studies	47 (5.32%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.11%)	0.25%
Other	591 (66.93%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (20)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Phase II, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel Group Dose Finding Study of Single Oral Doses of Moxidectin in Adults With Scabies [NCT03905265]	Phase 2	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-13	Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel Trial in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Annual or Biannual Doses of Moxidectin or Ivermectin for Treatment of Onchocerciasis [NCT03876262]	Phase 3	323 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-05-03	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Potential Effect of a Single Oral Dose of Moxidectin on the Cardiac QT Interval of Healthy Volunteers [NCT03012828]	Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Moxidectin and Albendazole Compared to Ivermectin and Albendazole Co-administration in Adolescents Infected With Trichuris Trichiura: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04700423]	Phase 2/Phase 3	536 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Completed
Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Ascending Dosages of Moxidectin Alone and in Comparison to Ivermectin Against Strongyloides Stercoralis in Adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04056325]	Phase 2	210 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-11-27	Enrolling by invitation
An Open-Label, Randomized, Single-Dose, Parallel-Group Study to Determine the Effect of a High-Fat Meal on the Relative Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of a Single Dose of Moxidectin Administered Orally to Healthy Subjects [NCT00736697]	Phase 1	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Completed
A Phase 2, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind, Randomized, Dose Ranging, Efficacy and Safety Study of Orally Administered Moxidectin in Adults With Scabies. [NCT05875441]	Phase 2	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-23	Recruiting
A Single-Center, Open-Label, Single-Dose Study To Assess The Pharmacokinetics, Safety, And Tolerability Of Moxidectin In Subjects Aged 4 To 11 Years ( >=12 kg) With Or Without Onchocerca Volvulus Infection [NCT01035619]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Withdrawn
An Open-Label, Single-Dose Study to Evaluate the Excretion of Moxidectin Into the Breast Milk of Lactating, Non-breastfeeding Women. [NCT00751764]	Phase 1	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Completed
A Clinical Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Moxidectin Combination Treatments vs. Ivermectin Combination Treatments for Bancroftian Filariasis [NCT04410406]	Phase 3	164 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-20	Active, not recruiting
A Single-Dose, Ivermectin-Controlled, Double-Blind, Efficacy, Safety And Tolerability Study Of Orally Administered Moxidectin In Subjects Infected With Onchocerca Volvulus [NCT00790998]	Phase 3	1,497 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
An Open-label, Single-Dose, 4-Period, Sequential Study to Determine the Effect of Moxidectin on CYP3A4 Activity in Healthy Subjects Using Midazolam as a Probe Substrate [NCT00856362]	Phase 1	38 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2009-04-30	Completed
Randomized Clinical Trial, Double-blind, Single-dose Drug and Escalating Infection Intensities, Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Moxidectin 2 mg, Ivermectin-controlled, in Loa Loa Microfilaremic Patients [NCT04049851]	Phase 2	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-04-07	Active, not recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of Novel Combination Regimens for Treatment of Onchocerciasis [NCT06070116]	Phase 2	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-15	Not yet recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Combination Moxidectin and Albendazole, Ivermectin and Albendazole and Albendazole Alone in Adolescents and Adults Infected With Trichuris Trichiura: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT04726969]	Phase 3	255 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-15	Completed
Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Moxidectin and Its Comparison to Ivermectin Against Strongyloides Stercoralis in Adults: a Randomized Controlled Non-inferiority Trial [NCT04848688]	Phase 3	332 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-02-05	Completed
A Randomized, Single-Ascending Dose, Ivermectin-Controlled, Double-Blind, Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic, and Efficacy Study Of Orally Administered Moxidectin In Subjects With Onchocerca Volvulus Infection [NCT00300768]	Phase 2	172 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-09-06	Completed
A Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel Group Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Moxidectin Compared With Ivermectin in Individuals Living in Onchocerciasis Endemic Areas and in Individuals Living in Onchocerciasis Endemic Areas With High Levels of Lym [NCT04311671]	Phase 3	12,500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-03	Recruiting
An Open-label Study of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Single Dose of Moxidectin Per Oral in Subjects Aged 4 to 17 Years With (or at Risk of) Onchocerciasis to Identify an Optimal Dose for Treatment of Children 4 to 11 Years [NCT03962062]	Phase 1	36 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-29	Completed
Efficacy and Safety of Ascending Dosages of Moxidectin and Moxidectin-albendazole Against Trichuris Trichiura in Adolescents: a Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT03501251]	Phase 2	286 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-03	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT03012828 (4) [back to overview]	Concentrations of Moxidectin in Plasma
NCT03012828 (4) [back to overview]	Mean Change From Baseline in QTc Interval (Corrected by Friderica's Formula, dQTcF) Associated With Plasma Moxidectin Concentrations After a Single Dose
NCT03012828 (4) [back to overview]	Subjects With Categorical Changes From Baseline in 12-lead Electrocardiograms (ECGs)
NCT03012828 (4) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Heart Rate (HR) and Duration of Other Interval Parameters (PR and QRS)
NCT03905265 (4) [back to overview]	Analysis of Moxidectin Maximum Plasma Concentrations (Cmax)
NCT03905265 (4) [back to overview]	Analysis of Moxidectin Plasma Concentrations
NCT03905265 (4) [back to overview]	Mortality Rate for Adult Scabies Mites
NCT03905265 (4) [back to overview]	Summary of Participants With Most Commonly Occurring Adverse Events by Preferred Term (Safety Analysis Set)
NCT04726969 (12) [back to overview]	Cure Rate (CR) of Ivermectin/Albendazole Combination Therapy Compared to Albendazole Monotherapy Against T. Trichiura
NCT04726969 (12) [back to overview]	Cure Rate (CR) of Moxidectin/Albendazole Combination Therapy Compared to Albendazole Monotherapy Against T. Trichiura
NCT04726969 (12) [back to overview]	Cure Rates (CRs) of the Study Drugs Against Ascaris Lumbricoides Infections in Co-infected Participants
NCT04726969 (12) [back to overview]	Cure Rates (CRs) of the Study Drugs Against Hookworm Infections in Co-infected Participants
NCT04726969 (12) [back to overview]	Egg Reduction Rate (ERR) of Ivermectin/Albendazole Combination Therapy Compared to Albendazole Monotherapy Against T. Trichiura
NCT04726969 (12) [back to overview]	Egg Reduction Rate (ERR) of Moxidectin/Albendazole Combination Therapy Compared to Albendazole Monotherapy Against T. Trichiura
NCT04726969 (12) [back to overview]	Egg Reduction Rates (ERRs) of the Study Drugs Against Ascaris Lumbricoides Infections in Co-infected Participants
NCT04726969 (12) [back to overview]	Egg Reduction Rates (ERRs) of the Study Drugs Against Hookworm Infections in Co-infected Participants
NCT04726969 (12) [back to overview]	Adverse Events (AEs)
NCT04726969 (12) [back to overview]	Concentrations of Albendazole and Ivermectin/Albendazole Combination in Adolescents (Aged 12 to 20 Years)
NCT04726969 (12) [back to overview]	Concentrations of Albendazole and Ivermectin/Albendazole Combination in Adolescents (Aged 12 to 20 Years)
NCT04726969 (12) [back to overview]	Exploratory Outcome: Number of Participants Within Each Blood Type Category (A, B, AB and 0)

Concentrations of Moxidectin in Plasma

Concentrations of moxidectin in plasma were assessed by collection of plasma samples at pre-specified intervals after oral dosing with moxidectin. The concentration of moxidectin was determined using a validated LC MS/MS method.The pharmacokinetic time points coincided with ECG collection timepoints (within 5 minutes and no later than 10 minutes after ECG recordings). Plasma PK parameters were estimated from the concentration measurements, including maximum concentration (Cmax) for each individual and mean for each dose cohort. (NCT03012828)
Timeframe: Pre-dose and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12*, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 hours and days 8,15 and 22 post dosing

Intervention	nanogram/milliliter (Geometric Mean)
Moxidectin 4mg	27.2
Moxidectin 8mg	56.7
Moxidectin 16mg	133
Moxidectin 24mg	176
Moxidectin 36mg	247

Intervention	millseconds (Mean)
Moxidectin 4mg	-5.1
Moxidectin 8mg	-4.5
Moxidectin 16mg	-4.5
Moxidectin 24mg	-6.3
Moxidectin 36mg	-3.9
Placebo	-2.9
All Subjects	-0.0077

Intervention	milliseconds (Mean)
	Change in Heart rate (HR)	Change in PR interval	Change in QRS interval
All Subjects	-0.005	-0.002	0.004
Moxidectin 16mg	-1.1	-2.1	0.4
Moxidectin 24mg	-3.6	4.6	-0.8
Moxidectin 36mg	-1.5	-3.5	0.4
Moxidectin 4mg	-1.0	2.2	-1.6
Moxidectin 8mg	0.5	-0.1	-0.7
Placebo	-2.9	-1.8	1.2

Intervention	Cmax (ng/mL) (Geometric Mean)
Moxidectin 2 mg	21.0
Moxidectin 8 mg	73.5
Moxidectin 20 mg	207
Moxidectin 36 mg	277

Intervention	hr*ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
	AUC0-24 (hr*ng/mL)	AUC0-48 (hr*ng/mL)	AUC0-72 (hr*ng/mL)	AUC0-D7 (hr*ng/mL)	AUC0-D14 (hr*ng/mL)	AUC0-D28 (hr*ng/mL)
Moxidectin 2 mg	181	212	229	276	329	408
Moxidectin 20 mg	1670	2000	2200	2780	3530	4670
Moxidectin 36 mg	2930	3560	3900	4770	5820	7430
Moxidectin 8 mg	744	903	989	1230	1540	1970

Intervention	Adult mites (Number)
	Number of live adult mites assessed at Baseline	Number of dead adult mites assessed at Day 0-4 hours timepoint	Number of dead adult mites assessed at Day 0-8 hours timepoint	Number of dead adult mites assessed at Day 1 timepoint	Number of dead adult mites assessed at Day 2 timepoint	Number of dead adult mites assessed at Day 3 timepoint	Number of dead adult mites assessed at Day 7 timepoint	Number of dead adult mites assessed at Day 14 timepoint	Number of dead adult mites assessed at Day 28 timepoint
Moxidectin 2 mg	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Moxidectin 20 mg	8	0	0	0	1	2	4	8	8
Moxidectin 36 mg	14	0	0	0	2	3	9	12	14
Moxidectin 8 mg	6	0	1	2	2	2	4	5	6

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Infections and infestations	Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorder	Nervous system disorders	Psychiatric disorders	Gastrointestinal disorders
Moxidectin 2 mg	3	1	2	2	0
Moxidectin 20 mg	5	1	1	1	1
Moxidectin 36 mg	5	4	3	0	0
Moxidectin 8 mg	3	2	0	0	1

Intervention	percentage of participants (%) (Number)
Arm A: Moxidectin and Albendazole	95.5
Arm B: Albendazole	95.5
Arm C: Ivermectin and Albendazole	100

Intervention	percentage of participants (%) (Number)
Arm A: Moxidectin and Albendazole	100
Arm B: Albendazole	37.5
Arm C: Ivermectin and Albendazole	20.0

Intervention	percent change (Mean)
Arm A: Moxidectin and Albendazole	100
Arm B: Albendazole	95.7
Arm C: Ivermectin and Albendazole	90.7

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	3 hours: Headache	3 hours: Abdominal pain	3 hours: Nausea	3 hours: Diarrhea	3 hours: Itching	3 hours: Symptoms related to immune system activation	24 hours: Headache	24 hours: Abdominal pain	24 hours: Nausea	24 hours: Diarrhea	24 hours: Itching	24 hours: Symptoms related to immune system activation	14-21 days: Headache	14-21 days: Abdominal pain	14-21 days: Nausea	14-21 days: Diarrhea	14-21 days: Itching	14-21 days: Symptoms related to immune system activation
Arm A: Moxidectin and Albendazole	1	4	3	2	1	3	4	8	1	5	9	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arm B: Albendazole	5	6	2	1	6	5	9	5	0	4	8	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arm C: Ivermectin and Albendazole	7	8	2	1	2	5	6	12	3	7	4	3	0	0	0	0	0	0

Intervention	ng/ml (Median)
	cmax (albendazole) [ng/ml]
Arm B: Albendazole	26.5

Intervention	ng/ml (Median)
	cmax (albendazole) [ng/ml]	cmax (ivermectin) [ng/ml]
Arm C: Ivermectin and Albendazole	26.5	40.1

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	3.11	5	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	2.06	1	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.67	3	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.01	1	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	1.96	1	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	2.02	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
1-methylimidazole 1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.	2.03	1	0	imidazoles
chlorocresol chlorocresol: injections for relief of intractable pain; RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-chloro-m-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is 3-methylphenol which is substituted by a chlorine at position 4. A ryanodine receptor agonist.	3.45	1	1	hydroxytoluene; monochlorobenzenes	antimicrobial agent; disinfectant; ryanodine receptor agonist
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	1.97	1	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	1.97	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	2.13	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
albendazole [no description available]	10.82	24	8	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
baclofen [no description available]	2.08	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
bithionol Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.	1.97	1	0	aryl sulfide; bridged diphenyl antifungal drug; bridged diphenyl fungicide; dichlorobenzene; organochlorine pesticide; polyphenol	antifungal agrochemical; antiplatyhelmintic drug
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	3.27	6	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	1.99	1	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clotrimazole [no description available]	2	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	2.25	1	0	primary amine
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.69	3	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.15	1	0	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	10.61	5	1	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.13	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.08	1	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active.	2.02	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fenbendazole Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	10.26	39	12	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug
fipronil fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil.. 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively.	6.59	5	3	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.08	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.13	1	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	1.98	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	3.4	1	1	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	7.43	2	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	11.3	6	2	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2.06	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	2	1	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders.	2.25	1	0	benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist
muscimol Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.. muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita.	1.97	1	0	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
oxibendazole oxibendazole: structure	9.55	5	1	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.25	1	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
piperazine [no description available]	2.41	2	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	2.9	2	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	11.56	66	19
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	10.32	94	28
Anguilluliasis [description not available]	7.64	8	4
Strongyloidiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.	7.64	8	4
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	11.7	48	24
Angiostrongylus Infections [description not available]	9.9	41	16
Canine Diseases [description not available]	14.82	179	63
Dirofilariasis Infection with nematodes of the genus DIROFILARIA, usually in animals, especially dogs, but occasionally in man.	11.34	77	23
Onchocerciasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.	16.73	54	41
Intestinal Volvulus A twisting in the intestine (INTESTINES) that can cause INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.	4.72	1	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	4.47	4	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	4.47	4	1
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	12.02	113	23
Mange, Sarcoptic [description not available]	9.09	25	7
Scabies A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.	9.09	25	7
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	7.41	1	0
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.41	1	0
Equine Strongyle Infections [description not available]	8.15	28	10
Habronemiasis [description not available]	6.52	12	4
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	12.05	107	35
Tick Infestations Infestations with soft-bodied (Argasidae) or hard-bodied (Ixodidae) ticks.	12.59	19	8
Infections, Nematomorpha [description not available]	7.29	7	2
Helminthiasis Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.	7.29	7	2
African Sleeping Sickness [description not available]	3.52	1	0
Trypanosomiasis, African A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces African sleeping sickness. Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.	3.52	1	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.76	2	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.76	2	0
Bunostomiasis [description not available]	6.3	10	4
Hookworm Infections Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.	11.3	10	4
Neglected Diseases Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).	4.99	2	1
Bancroftian Elephantiasis [description not available]	6.75	4	1
Elephantiasis, Filarial Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.	6.75	4	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	3.98	2	1
Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available]	4.85	2	1
Itching [description not available]	10.1	11	11
Acariasis [description not available]	12.2	61	24
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	3.98	2	1
Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.	9.85	2	1
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	10.1	11	11

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Blood type 0	Blood type A	Blood type B	Blood type AB
Arm A: Moxidectin and Albendazole	48	20	15	2
Arm B: Albendazole	47	18	16	3
Arm C: Ivermectin and Albendazole	47	12	24	3

moxidectin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (1)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (866)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (20)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Concentrations of Moxidectin in Plasma

Mean Change From Baseline in QTc Interval (Corrected by Friderica's Formula, dQTcF) Associated With Plasma Moxidectin Concentrations After a Single Dose

Subjects With Categorical Changes From Baseline in 12-lead Electrocardiograms (ECGs)

Change From Baseline in Heart Rate (HR) and Duration of Other Interval Parameters (PR and QRS)

Analysis of Moxidectin Maximum Plasma Concentrations (Cmax)

Analysis of Moxidectin Plasma Concentrations

Mortality Rate for Adult Scabies Mites

Summary of Participants With Most Commonly Occurring Adverse Events by Preferred Term (Safety Analysis Set)

Cure Rate (CR) of Ivermectin/Albendazole Combination Therapy Compared to Albendazole Monotherapy Against T. Trichiura

Cure Rate (CR) of Moxidectin/Albendazole Combination Therapy Compared to Albendazole Monotherapy Against T. Trichiura

Cure Rates (CRs) of the Study Drugs Against Ascaris Lumbricoides Infections in Co-infected Participants

Cure Rates (CRs) of the Study Drugs Against Hookworm Infections in Co-infected Participants

Egg Reduction Rate (ERR) of Ivermectin/Albendazole Combination Therapy Compared to Albendazole Monotherapy Against T. Trichiura

Egg Reduction Rate (ERR) of Moxidectin/Albendazole Combination Therapy Compared to Albendazole Monotherapy Against T. Trichiura

Egg Reduction Rates (ERRs) of the Study Drugs Against Ascaris Lumbricoides Infections in Co-infected Participants

Egg Reduction Rates (ERRs) of the Study Drugs Against Hookworm Infections in Co-infected Participants

Adverse Events (AEs)

Concentrations of Albendazole and Ivermectin/Albendazole Combination in Adolescents (Aged 12 to 20 Years)

Concentrations of Albendazole and Ivermectin/Albendazole Combination in Adolescents (Aged 12 to 20 Years)

Exploratory Outcome: Number of Participants Within Each Blood Type Category (A, B, AB and 0)

Related Drugs (165)

Related Conditions (241)