Any substance or mixture of substances that, in solution (typically aqueous), resists change in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base.
ChEBI ID: 35225
| Member | Definition | Class |
|---|---|---|
| 1,3-bis(tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino)propane | A water-soluble buffer substance used for the preparation of the biochemical and biological buffer solutions; pKa = 6.8 at 20 degreeC. | bis-tris propane |
| ammonium acetate | An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU. | ammonium acetate |
| ammonium citrate | A citrate salt in which all three carboxy groups are deprotonated and associated with ammonium ions as counter-cations. | triammonium citrate |
| bistris | A buffer substance useful for calibration of glass electrodes and for the preparation of the biochemical and biological buffer solutions; pKa = 6.46 at 25 degreeC. | bis-tris |
| diisopropanolamine | A secondary amino compound that is diethanolamine substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 1'. It is a versatile chemical used in a variety of personal care, cosmetic and industrial products. | diisopropanolamine |
| formic acid, sodium salt | An organic sodium salt which is the monosodium salt of formic acid. | sodium formate |
| potassium bicarbonate | A potassium salt that is the monopotassium salt of carbonic acid. It has fungicidal properties and is used in organic farming for the control of powdery mildew and apple scab. | potassium hydrogencarbonate |
| triethanolamine | A tertiary amino compound that is ammonia in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyethyl group. | triethanolamine |
| tromethamine | A primary amino compound that is tert-butylamine in which one hydrogen attached to each methyl group is replaced by a hydroxy group. A compound widely used as a biological buffer substance in the pH range 7--9; pKa = 8.3 at 20 degreeC; pKa = 7.82 at 37 degreeC. | tris |
| Timeframe | Studies, Drugs with This Role(%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 2,078 (45.24) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 850 (18.51) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 734 (15.98) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 757 (16.48) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 174 (3.79) | 2.80 |
| Publication Type | Studies, Drugs with this Role (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 323 (6.58%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 127 (2.59%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 116 (2.36%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 2 (0.04%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 4,344 (88.44%) | 84.16% |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AR protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0033 | 1 | 1 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.5070 | 2 | 2 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 14.9601 | 1 | 1 |
| Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 11.2202 | 1 | 1 |
| DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 26.6795 | 1 | 1 |
| estrogen nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 12.1113 | 1 | 4 |
| farnesoid X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 54.8738 | 1 | 1 |
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 10.8715 | 1 | 2 |
| histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1 | 1 |
| Histone H2A.x | Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster) | Potency | 50.4772 | 1 | 1 |
| lamin isoform A-delta10 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.3548 | 1 | 1 |
| Luciferase | Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly) | Potency | 36.1254 | 1 | 1 |
| nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 63.8657 | 3 | 3 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 48.0799 | 1 | 2 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 61.7732 | 2 | 2 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 54.9948 | 1 | 1 |
| Spike glycoprotein | Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus | Potency | 39.8107 | 1 | 2 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 0.0158 | 1 | 1 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (mM) | Bioassay(s) | Drugs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbonic anhydrase | Candida albicans SC5314 | Ki | 35.1000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1,040.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 2 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 24,000.0000 | 3 | 3 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 4 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1,250.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 9,970.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 9,970.0000 | 1 | 1 |
| Carbonic anhydrase 9 | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 1,220.0000 | 2 | 2 |
| Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II | Homo sapiens (human) | Ki | 12.0000 | 1 | 1 |