mangiferin profile

shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5281647
CHEMBL ID	464825
CHEBI ID	6682
SCHEMBL ID	556844
MeSH ID	M0061463

Synonym
SMP1_000290
nsc-248870
nsc248870
nsc 248870
9h-xanthen-9-one, 2-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-
chinoinin
9h-xanthen-9-one, 2-.beta.-d-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-
alpizarine
1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]xanthen-9-one
BCBCMAP01_000240
aphloiol
chinonin
hedysarid
2-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9h-xanthen-9-one
alpizarin
(1s)-1,5-anhydro-1-(1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9-oxo-9h-xanthen-2-yl)-d-glucitol
CHEBI:6682 ,
chinomin
4773-96-0
mangiferin ,
mangiferin mangifera indica
bdbm50248691
cid_5358385
1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2-[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]xanthen-9-one
unii-1m84ld0umd
1m84ld0umd ,
S3808
mangiferin [inci]
mangiferin [who-dd]
mangiferin [usp-rs]
AKOS015896788
SCHEMBL556844
CS-4663
CHEMBL464825
9h-xanthen-9-one, 2-b-d-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-
AC-34484
Q-100508
shamimin
AEDDIBAIWPIIBD-ZJKJAXBQSA-N
HY-N0290
mfcd00075656
DTXSID60197263 ,
xanthone-c-glucoside
mangiferin, analytical standard
mangiferin, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
mannipherin
chedisaride
chinomine
hedysaride
euxanthogen
c2-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone
1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-2-((2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)-9h-xanthen-9-one
M2886
mangiferin,(s)
AS-15337
Q1074417
STL564509
CCG-268909
9h-xanthen-9-one, 2-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy- (9ci)
mangiferol
mangiferin (usp-rs)
dtxcid70119754
HZI ,

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Mangiferin (MF) is a bioactive ingredient predominantly isolated from the mango tree, that has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. "	( Mangiferin exert protective effects on joints of adjuvant-induced arthritis rats by regulating the MAPKs/NF-κB pathway of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Guo, H; Jiao, X; Li, X; Liu, J; Qi, C; Wang, R; Wang, Z; Wu, X; Zhang, H, 2021)	3.51
"Mangiferin is a naturally occurring xanthone C-glycoside that is widely found in various plants. "	( Mangiferin Inhibits PDGF-BB-Induced Proliferation and Migration of Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Alleviates Neointimal Formation in Mice through the AMPK/Drp1 Axis. Cai, X; Che, Y; Chen, Y; Wang, Z; Wu, Q; Yuan, S; Zheng, S; Zhong, X, 2021)	3.51
"Mangiferin is a kind of polyphenol chemical compound separated from these herbal medicines of Mangifera indica L., Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. "	( The protective effect of mangiferin on osteoarthritis: An in vitro and in vivo study. Fan, X; Guo, X; Pan, Z; Wang, Y; Xue, D; Zhang, H, 2022)	2.47
"Mangiferin is a natural polyphenol predominantly isolated from"	( Renoprotective Effects of Mangiferin: Pharmacological Advances and Future Perspectives. Akter, S; Faisal, GM; Hannan, MA; Jahan, N; Moni, A; Rahman, A; Uddin, MJ; Uddin, MR, 2022)	1.74
"Mangiferin is a plant antitumor compound with poor water solubility and low bioavailability. "	( Transferrin-Modified Mangiferin-Loaded SLNs: Preparation, Characterization, and Application in A549 Lung Cancer Cell. Fu, Z; Hou, K; Zhou, Q, 2022)	2.48
"Mangiferin (MGF) is a glucosyl xanthone mainly derived from Mangifera indica L., possessing multifaceted properties, e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and enhancement of cognitive ability."	( Mangiferin, a natural glucoxilxanthone, inhibits mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 and relieves aberrant mitophagic proteins in mice model of Parkinson's disease. Chen, NH; Feng, ST; Guo, ZY; Wang, XL; Wang, YT; Wang, ZZ; Yan, X; Yuan, YH; Zhang, NN; Zhang, Y, 2022)	2.89
"Mangiferin (MAG) is a polyphenolic compound present in mangoes. "	( Mangiferin promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells via TGF‑β/SMAD2 signaling. Bai, Y; Gu, Y; Zhang, L, 2022)	3.61
"Mangiferin is a glycosylated xanthone widely distributed in nature, which exhibits wide pharmacological activities, highlighting its anti-cancer properties. "	( Explaining the interaction of mangiferin with MMP-9 and NF-ƙβ: a computational study. Ferino-Pérez, A; Gálvez-Rodríguez, A; Jáuregui-Haza, UJ; Minofar, B; Řeha, D; Rodeiro Guerra, I; Rodríguez-Riera, Z, 2022)	2.45
"Mangiferin is a natural free radical scavenging antioxidant that induces excitation of the central nervous system. "	( Mangiferin exerts neuroprotective effects against focal cerebral ischemia in mice by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Chen, C; Hao, T; Liang, F; Yang, S; Zhang, Y, 2023)	3.8
"Mangiferin is a xanthonoid derivative, usually isolated from plants including mangoes and iris unguicularis."	( Mangiferin Protects DNase 2 Abundance via Nrf2 Activation to Prevent Cytosolic mtDNA Accumulation during Liver Injury. Cao, L; Chen, X; Li, L; Liu, X; Song, J; Wang, M; Zhen, Y, 2023)	3.07
"Mangiferin is a natural C-glucoside and mainly obtained from its primary source, the leaves of mango tree (Mangifera indica L.). "	( A Molecular Approach on the Protective Effects of Mangiferin Against Diabetes and Diabetes-related Complications. Aswal, S; Chauhan, A; Kumar, A; Semwal, DK; Semwal, RB, 2020)	2.25
"Mangiferin is a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone which exerts many pharmacological activities against cancer-inflammation."	( Anti-angiogenic effects of mangiferin and mechanism of action in metastatic melanoma. Cesar Rodriguez Gonzalez, J; De Wever, O; Declerck, K; Delgado-Hernández, R; Hernández-Balmaseda, I; Logie, E; Pérez-Novo, C; Rodeiro-Guerra, I; Vanden Berghe, W, 2020)	1.58
"Mangiferin (MG) is a glucosylxanthone that is broadly distributed in higher plants, such as Mangifera indica L."	( Mangiferin: Possible uses in the prevention and treatment of mixed osteoarthritic pain. Delgado-Hernández, R; Garrido, G; Garrido-Suárez, BB; Piñeros, O, 2020)	2.72
"Mangiferin is a natural polyphenol and exerts multiple pharmacological effects on different diseases in various preclinical studies."	( Mangiferin Prevents TBHP-Induced Apoptosis and ECM Degradation in Mouse Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes via Restoring Autophagy and Ameliorates Murine Osteoarthritis. Han, W; Jiang, K; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Wang, X; Wu, Y; Xiao, J; Xie, L; Zhang, J, 2019)	2.68
"Mangiferin is a well-known xanthone extracted from mango leaves (Mangifera indica Linn). "	( Mangiferin exert cardioprotective and anti-apoptotic effects in heart failure induced rats. Gao, G; Han, F; Jiang, T; Liu, M, 2020)	3.44
"Mangiferin is a xanthonoid derivative rich in plants mangoes and iris unguicularis, exhibiting the ability to ameliorate metabolic disorders."	( Mangiferin activates Nrf2 to attenuate cardiac fibrosis via redistributing glutaminolysis-derived glutamate. Hou, F; Li, A; Li, L; Liu, B; Liu, Z; Meng, Y; Song, J; Wang, M; Wu, L; Zheng, K, 2020)	2.72
"Mangiferin is a plant-derived C-glucosylxanthone with many biological activities, such as antioxidation and anti-inflammation."	( Mangiferin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enhances the expression of tumor suppressor gene PER1 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Chen, JN; Lin, YS; Tsai, KL; Wu, CS, 2020)	2.72
"Mangiferin (MF) is a xanthone glucoside that possesses many pharmacological effects."	( Therapeutic effects of mangiferin on sepsis-associated acute lung and kidney injuries via the downregulation of vascular permeability and protection of inflammatory and oxidative damages. Han, S; Qi, B; Wang, X; Zhang, D; Zhou, Y, 2020)	1.59
"Mangiferin (MGF) is a polyphenolic C-glucosyl-xanthone extracted from the mango tree (Mangifera indica). "	( Mangiferin offers protection against deleterious effects of pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, and environmental chemicals. Hayes, AW; Karimi, G; Mashayekhi-Sardoo, H; Naraki, K; Rezaee, R, 2021)	3.51
"Mangiferin is a major constituent in mango and other 16 plants, and has been shown a variety of pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation."	( Mangiferin and organ fibrosis: A mini review. Fan, S; Huang, C; Zhang, L, 2021)	2.79
"Mangiferin is a xanthone found in higher plants as well as mango and it has numerous health benefits including antitumor, antioxidant, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties."	( Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Mangiferin on an Experimental Model of Allergic Rhinitis through the Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Cui, C; Sun, H; Wang, Y, 2020)	1.57
"Mangiferin is a naturally occurring C-glucosylxantone that has substantial potential for the treatment of various diseases thanks to its numerous biological activities."	( Mangiferin as New Potential Anti-Cancer Agent and Mangiferin-Integrated Polymer Systems-A Novel Research Direction. Generalova, YE; Morozkina, SN; Nhung Vu, TH; Snetkov, PP; Uspenskaya, MV, 2021)	2.79
"Mangiferin (MGF) is an active compound of the traditional Chinese herb rhizome anemarrhenae, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-lipid peroxidation, immunomodulatory, and anti-apoptotic functions in the CNS."	( Neuroprotective mechanisms of mangiferin in neurodegenerative diseases. Hu, A; Liu, T; Song, Y, 2021)	1.63
"Mangiferin is a C-glycosyl xanthone that possesses numerous pharmacological activities."	( Anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties of mangiferin: A review of its molecular mechanisms. Chen, X; Ma, H; Mei, S, 2021)	1.6
"Mangiferin is a natural glucosylxanthone extracted from mango fruits and leaves, which has anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties in experimental cardiovascular diseases."	( Mangiferin prevents myocardial infarction-induced apoptosis and heart failure in mice by activating the Sirt1/FoxO3a pathway. Chen, L; Huang, X; Li, S; Xue, M; Yi, X; You, A; Zhu, J, 2021)	2.79
"Mangiferin (MGN) is a xanthone derivative that consists of C-glucosylxanthone with additional antioxidant properties."	( Mangiferin Inhibits Apoptosis in Doxorubicin-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cells via the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. AbuZahra, HM; Ismail, MB; Rajendran, P; Veeraraghavan, VP, 2021)	2.79
"Mangiferin is a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone with beneficial effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis. "	( Mangiferin suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress in perivascular adipose tissue and prevents insulin resistance in the endothelium. Chen, Y; Hou, F; Huang, F; Liu, B; Ma, X; Song, J; Xu, X, 2018)	3.37
"Mangiferin is a polyphenolic compound present in Salacia reticulata. "	( Mangiferin positively regulates osteoblast differentiation and suppresses osteoclast differentiation. Ebata, M; Kataoka, A; Kimira, Y; Mano, H; Nakatani, S; Ogura, K; Sekiguchi, Y; Shimizu, J; Wada, M, 2017)	3.34
"Mangiferin is a xanthone glucoside, which possesses antioxidant, antiviral, antitumor and anti-inflammatory functions, and is associated with gene regulation. "	( Mangiferin inhibits apoptosis and oxidative stress via BMP2/Smad-1 signaling in dexamethasone-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. Chen, SH; Ding, LZ; Teng, X; Zhang, ZB; Zheng, CJ, 2018)	3.37
"Mangiferin is a natural polyphenol with various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant and ant-tumor effects."	( Mangiferin Potentiates Neuroprotection by Isoflurane in Neonatal Hypoxic Brain Injury by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Activation of Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase/Akt/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) Signaling. Long, XX; Ma, Y; Wang, YF; Xi, JS, 2018)	2.64
"Mangiferin (Mg) is a xanthone glucoside extracted from mangoes and papayas, and has been reported to possess multiple pharmacological activities."	( Neuroprotection of mangiferin against oxidative damage via arousing Nrf2 signaling pathway in PC12 cells. Fang, J; Hou, Y; Peng, S; Yao, J, 2019)	1.56
"Mangiferin is a natural glucosylxanthone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which has been confirmed to protect cardiac cells from myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI); however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear."	( Proteomics Research on the Protective Effect of Mangiferin on H9C2 Cell Injury Induced by H Cheng, YG; Guan, W; Jiang, XC; Kuang, HX; Liu, Y; Wang, Q; Yang, BY; Ye, HL, 2019)	1.49
"Mangiferin is a bioactive ingredient with anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress activities."	( Mangiferin ameliorates gestational diabetes mellitus-induced placental oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress and improves fetal outcomes in mice. Jin, H; Sha, H; Zeng, H; Zhao, J, 2019)	2.68
"Mangiferin is a xanthonoid present in Mangifera indica. "	( Soya phospholipid complex of mangiferin enhances its hepatoprotectivity by improving its bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. Ahmmed, SM; Bhattacharyya, S; Mukherjee, PK; Saha, BP, 2014)	2.14
"Mangiferin is an active ingredient of medicinal plant with poor hydrophilicity and lipophilicity. "	( Improving permeability and oral absorption of mangiferin by phospholipid complexation. Chen, H; Ma, H; Sun, L; Tong, L; Zhang, T, 2014)	2.1
"Mangiferin is a novel Nrf2 activator that reduces oxidative stress and protects normal cells without reducing the sensitivity to etoposide of HL-60 leukemia cells in vitro. "	( Mangiferin activates Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling without reducing the sensitivity to etoposide of human myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. Chen, Y; Fang, J; Li, SS; Yang, LJ; Zeng, LL; Zhang, BP; Zhao, J, 2014)	3.29
"Mangiferin is a xanthone widely distributed in higher plants showing antioxidative, antiviral, anticancer, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective and analgesic effects. "	( Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Mangiferin from Mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaves using response surface methodology. He, TP; Huang, MY; Jia, Q; Li, HW; Xia, EQ; Zou, TB, 2014)	2.12
"Mangiferin is a major bioactive ingredient in Mangifera indica Linn. "	( Mangiferin attenuates TH1/TH2 cytokine imbalance in an ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mouse model. Deng, JG; Du, J; Guo, HW; Hou, GH; Huang, X; Keller, ET; Lu, Y; Yun, CX; Zhang, J, 2014)	3.29
"Mangiferin is a natural immunomodulator found in plants including mango trees. "	( Mangiferin reduces the inhibition of chondrogenic differentiation by IL-1β in mesenchymal stem cells from subchondral bone and targets multiple aspects of the Smad and SOX9 pathways. Baek, YH; Huh, JE; Koh, PS; Lee, JD; Park, DS; Park, YC; Seo, BK, 2014)	3.29
"Mangiferin is a promising effective chemopreventive agent against various tumors. "	( Mangiferin loaded magnetic PCEC microspheres: preparation, characterization and antitumor activity studies in vitro. Fan, K; Hou, J; Jin, W; Ma, J; Ren, J; Wu, J; Xiao, W; Yu, B; Zheng, D, 2021)	3.51
"Mangiferin is a phytochemical primarily present in the stem, leaves and bark of Mangifera indica. "	( Mangiferin ameliorates aluminium chloride-induced cognitive dysfunction via alleviation of hippocampal oxido-nitrosative stress, proinflammatory cytokines and acetylcholinesterase level. Jangra, A; Kasbe, P; Lahkar, M, 2015)	3.3
"Mangiferin is a natural polyphenol compound with anti-inflammatory properties. "	( Mangiferin ameliorates Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced experimental periodontitis by inhibiting phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB and Janus kinase 1-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. Bao, C; Ding, Y; Li, H; Li, W; Wang, Q, 2017)	3.34
"Mangiferin, which is a C‑glucosylxanthone (1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2-β-D-glucoside) purified from plant sources, has recently gained attention due to its various biological activities. "	( Molecular mechanisms underlying mangiferin-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Deng, J; Deng, S; He, X; Lv, J; Qi, P; Shi, W; Tong, R; Wang, H; Wang, Y; Yang, Y; Zhang, D, 2016)	2.16
"Mangiferin is a naturally occurring glucosyl xanthone, which induces apoptosis in various cancer cells. "	( Mangiferin induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines by suppressing the activation of nuclear factor kappa B-inducing kinase. Iida, M; Imano, M; Itoh, T; Kino, T; Muraoka, O; Nishida, S; Satou, T; Takeda, T; Tanabe, G; Tsubaki, M; Yamagishi, M, 2016)	3.32
"Mangiferin is a natural polyphenol and the predominant effective component of Mangifera indica Linn. "	( Mangiferin inhibits macrophage classical activation via downregulating interferon regulatory factor 5 expression. Bao, C; Chen, Y; Deng, J; Wei, Z; Yan, L, 2016)	3.32
"Mangiferin is a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone and exerts many beneficial biological activities."	( Mangiferin, a novel nuclear factor kappa B-inducing kinase inhibitor, suppresses metastasis and tumor growth in a mouse metastatic melanoma model. Enomoto, A; Ichimura, E; Imano, M; Itoh, T; Matsuda, H; Muraoka, O; Nishida, S; Sakamoto, K; Satou, T; Suzuki, Y; Takeda, T; Tanabe, G; Tsubaki, M, 2016)	2.6
"Mangiferin is a natural glucosylxanthone with anti-inflammatory activity."	( Mangiferin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced production of interleukin-6 in human oral epithelial cells by suppressing toll-like receptor signaling. Chen, X; Ding, Y; Li, H; Li, W; Wang, Q, 2016)	2.6
"Mangiferin is a natural xanthone glycoside with therapeutic potential. "	( Mangiferin blocks proliferation and induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells via suppression of the mevalonate pathway and by proteasome inhibition. Angeletti, M; Bonfili, L; Cecarini, V; Cocchioni, M; Cuccioloni, M; Eleuteri, AM; Mozzicafreddo, M; Nabissi, M; Santoni, G; Scuri, S, 2016)	3.32
"Mangiferin is a polyphenol compound obtained from mango and has been reported to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties."	( Effect of mangiferin on the development of periodontal disease: involvement of lipoxin A4, anti-chemotaxic action in leukocyte rolling. Bruni, F; Carvalho, RR; Felisbino, SL; Hiruma-Lima, CA; Justulin, L; Lopes-Ferreira, M; Pellizzon, CH; Vilegas, W, 2009)	2.2
"Mangiferin is a novel nonpeptidic protease inhibitor with an original structure that represents an effective drug development strategy for combating drug resistance."	( Mangiferin, an anti-HIV-1 agent targeting protease and effective against resistant strains. Gao, YD; Huang, CG; Huang, JF; Ma, CH; Wang, RR; Zhang, XJ; Zheng, YT, 2011)	2.53
"Mangiferin (MAG) is a polyphenolic compound abundant in the stem bark of Mangifera indica L."	( Mangiferin decreases inflammation and oxidative damage in rat brain after stress. García-Bueno, B; Leza, JC; Madrigal, JL; Márquez, L, 2012)	2.54
"Mangiferin is a glucosylxantone isolated from Mangifera indica L. "	( Evaluation of genotoxicity and DNA protective effects of mangiferin, a glucosylxanthone isolated from Mangifera indica L. stem bark extract. Delgado, R; Espinosa-Aguirre, JJ; Gómez-Lechón, MJ; Hernandez, S; Herrera, JA; Morffi, J; Rodeiro, I, 2012)	2.07
"Mangiferin is a natural xanthonoid with various biological activities. "	( Quantification and purification of mangiferin from Chinese Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars and its protective effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells under H(2)O(2)-induced stress. Chen, K; Hu, G; Huang, G; Li, X; Luo, F; Lv, Q; Sun, C; Zhang, J; Zhao, Y, 2012)	2.1
"Mangiferin is a plant natural polyphenol of C-glycosylxanthone structure and various pharmacological activities. "	( Mangiferin - a bioactive xanthonoid, not only from mango and not just antioxidant. Góralska, E; Kuś, P; Matkowski, A; Woźniak, D, 2013)	3.28
"Mangiferin acts as a strong antioxidant on mitochondria. "	( Fe(III) shifts the mitochondria permeability transition-eliciting capacity of mangiferin to protection of organelle. Cavalheiro, RA; Curti, C; Delgado, R; Dorta, DJ; Naal, Z; Pardo-Andreu, GL; Vercesi, AE, 2007)	2.01

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Mangiferin has a variety of pharmacological activities, especially for the improvement of glycolipid metabolism and liver injury."	( Pharmacokinetic and metabolomic analyses of Mangiferin calcium salt in rat models of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Huang, X; Li, Y; Lin, H; Lin, Z; Lv, G; Teng, H; Wu, W; Yan, W, 2020)	1.54
"Mangiferin has a neurocytoprotective role related, at least in part, to an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism, which could be explored for more effective therapies of schizophrenia and other neurodegenerative diseases."	( Mangiferin ameliorates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in ketamine model of schizophrenia. Andrade, GM; Carvalho, AC; Magalhães, HI; Moraes, MO; Morais, TC; Nobre-Júnior, HV; Rao, VS; Santos, FA; Trevisan, MT, 2012)	3.26
"Mangiferin has many pharmacological activities."	( Mangiferin relieves CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Fan, S; Huang, C; Liu, C; Yin, L; Zhang, L, 2023)	3.07
"Mangiferin has potential to be used as an agent to promote wound healing in diabetic condition."	( Topical administration of mangiferin promotes healing of the wound of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type-2 diabetic male rats. Giribabu, N; Kilari, EK; Lwin, OM; Salleh, N, 2021)	2.36
"Mangiferin has a variety of pharmacological activities, especially for the improvement of glycolipid metabolism and liver injury."	( Pharmacokinetic and metabolomic analyses of Mangiferin calcium salt in rat models of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Huang, X; Li, Y; Lin, H; Lin, Z; Lv, G; Teng, H; Wu, W; Yan, W, 2020)	1.54
"Mangiferin has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in both in-vitro and in-vivo models."	( Therapeutic potential of mangiferin in the treatment of various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Chaudhary, SK; Kumar Sethiya, N; Walia, V, 2021)	1.65
"Mangiferin has been reported to possess antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties."	( Mangiferin prevents the impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and an increase in oxidative stress caused by excessive fluoride in SH-SY5Y cells. Chen, Q; Ding, YT; Guan, ZZ; Lai, CC; Luo, J; Tang, Z, 2021)	2.79
"Mangiferin has neuroprotective effects on acute SCI in rats by alleviating edema of spinal cord, inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation response, and regulating the Bcl-2 and Bax pathway."	( [NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF MANGIFERIN ON ACUTE SPINAL CORD INJURY IN RATS AND ITS MECHANISM]. Jin, T; Liang, J; Xu, L; Zhou, F, 2016)	2.17
"Mangiferin has been highlighted as a multitarget bioactive with therapeutic potential. "	( Therapeutic and cosmetic applications of mangiferin: an updated patent review (patents published after 2013). Mandhare, A; Quadri, F; Telang, M, 2019)	2.22
"Mangiferin has been reported to possess antidiabetic activities. "	( Mangiferin and its aglycone, norathyriol, improve glucose metabolism by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Li, L; Li, Y; Lin, H; Liu, J; Liu, X; Niu, Y; Wang, F; Yan, J, 2014)	3.29
"Mangiferin has many beneficial biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-diabetic effects."	( Up-regulation of glyoxalase 1 by mangiferin prevents diabetic nephropathy progression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Guo, H; Liu, YW; Lu, Q; Wang, JY; Yin, JL; Yin, XX; Zhang, F; Zhang, L; Zhu, X, 2013)	1.39
"Mangiferin has the potential to modulate multiple molecular targets including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein expression. "	( Therapeutic and cosmetic applications of mangiferin: a patent review. Dhulap, S; Hirwani, R; Mandhare, A; Telang, M, 2013)	2.1
"Mangiferin has been extensively applied in different fields due to its anti-inflammatory properties. "	( Mangiferin regulates interleukin-6 and cystathionine-b-synthase in lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury. Dong, HY; Du, Y; Fu, YY; Liu, HZ; Liu, YH; Qi, DS; Song, YJ; Sun, Y; Wen, XR; Wu, J; Zhang, F; Zhang, L; Zhao, ZM, 2014)	3.29
"Mangiferin has been shown to target multiple proinflammatory transcription factors, cell- cycle proteins, growth factors, kinases, cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory enzymes."	( Mangiferin in cancer chemoprevention and treatment: pharmacokinetics and molecular targets. Divya, H; Nandakumar, N; Nishigaki, I; Rajendran, P; Rengarajan, T, 2015)	2.58
"Mangiferin has antioxidant, antiviral, apoptosis regulating, anti‑inflammatory, antitumor and antidiabetic effects, which can also inhibit osteoclast formation and bone resorption. "	( Mangiferin attenuates contusive spinal cord injury in rats through the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and the Bcl‑2 and Bax pathway. Fu, C; Liu, Y; Luo, Y; Wang, H; Wang, Z; Zhang, Z, 2015)	3.3
"Mangiferin has anti-inflammatory effects on periodontitis, which is associated with its ability to down-regulate the phosphorylation of NF-κB and JAK1-STAT1/3 pathways in gingival epithelia."	( Mangiferin ameliorates Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced experimental periodontitis by inhibiting phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB and Janus kinase 1-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. Bao, C; Ding, Y; Li, H; Li, W; Wang, Q, 2017)	3.34
"Mangiferin has shown promising chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative potential."	( Mangiferin and Cancer: Mechanisms of Action. Bishop, K; Fernandez, A; Gold-Smith, F, 2016)	2.6
"Mangiferin has been shown to have the effect of improving dyslipidemia. "	( Mangiferin decreases plasma free fatty acids through promoting its catabolism in liver by activation of AMPK. Feng, R; Li, S; Li, Y; Liu, L; Na, L; Niu, Y; Sun, C, 2012)	3.26
"Mangiferin has also been shown to be an effective inhibitor of NF-κB signaling pathway."	( Perspectives on medicinal properties of mangiferin. Ahmad, A; Padhye, S; Sarkar, FH; Syeda, K; Vyas, A, 2012)	1.37
"Mangiferin has a neurocytoprotective role related, at least in part, to an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism, which could be explored for more effective therapies of schizophrenia and other neurodegenerative diseases."	( Mangiferin ameliorates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in ketamine model of schizophrenia. Andrade, GM; Carvalho, AC; Magalhães, HI; Moraes, MO; Morais, TC; Nobre-Júnior, HV; Rao, VS; Santos, FA; Trevisan, MT, 2012)	3.26

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"Mangiferin could inhibit the proliferation activity of U266 and RPMI8226 cells and induce cells apoptosis. "	( [Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Mangiferin Inhibiting Malignant Biological Characteristics of Multiple Myeloma and Exerting Anticancer Effect]. Chen, YT; Liu, YQ; Shen, JZ; Tang, HW; Yin, Y, 2023)	2.62
"Mangiferin can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of MM cells, and its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, affecting the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, and inhibiting the expression of core members of "	( [Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Mangiferin Inhibiting Malignant Biological Characteristics of Multiple Myeloma and Exerting Anticancer Effect]. Chen, YT; Liu, YQ; Shen, JZ; Tang, HW; Yin, Y, 2023)	2.62
"Mangiferin may inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption by suppressing differentiation of osteoclasts and promoting expression of ERβ mRNA in mouse bone marrow macrophage cells."	( Mangiferin positively regulates osteoblast differentiation and suppresses osteoclast differentiation. Ebata, M; Kataoka, A; Kimira, Y; Mano, H; Nakatani, S; Ogura, K; Sekiguchi, Y; Shimizu, J; Wada, M, 2017)	2.62
"Mangiferin can inhibit carcinogen-induced lung or colon tumor formation in experimental animals."	( Mangiferin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway and reduces etoposide-induced DNA damage in human umbilical cord mononuclear blood cells. Chen, Y; Fang, J; Li, S; Zeng, L; Zhang, B; Zhao, J, 2015)	2.58
"Mangiferin can inhibit the proliferation of HL-60, block the cell cycle progression in G2/M phase, and it can significantly increase the expressions of CDC2 mRNA and Cyclin B1 mRNA of HL-60 cells. "	( [Effects of mangiferin on cell cycle status and CDC2/Cyclin B1 expression of HL-60 cells]. Liu, ZF; Luo, J; Peng, ZG; Yang, J; Yao, YB, 2010)	2.18
"Mangiferin was found to inhibit activity of the FLT3 wild type and a mutated form of FLT3 with IC(50) values of 0.7 and 1.2 μM, respectively."	( A FLT3-inhibitory constituent from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Chin, YW; Han, SY, 2011)	1.09
"Mangiferin can inhibit HIV-1(Ⅲ)(B) induced syncytium formation at non-cytotoxic concentrations, with a 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) at 16.90 μM and a therapeutic index (TI) above 140."	( Mangiferin, an anti-HIV-1 agent targeting protease and effective against resistant strains. Gao, YD; Huang, CG; Huang, JF; Ma, CH; Wang, RR; Zhang, XJ; Zheng, YT, 2011)	2.53
"Mangiferin displays an extensive spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant activity. "	( Mangiferin glucuronidation: important hepatic modulation of antioxidant activity. de Beer, D; Gelderblom, WC; Joubert, E; Malherbe, CJ; Manley, M; van der Merwe, JD, 2012)	3.26
"Mangiferin was shown to cause a reduction of NF-κB activation in HT29 cells rendered resistant to oxaliplatin."	( Combination treatment with oxaliplatin and mangiferin causes increased apoptosis and downregulation of NFκB in cancer cell lines. du Plessis-Stoman, D; du Preez, J; van de Venter, M, 2011)	1.35
"Mangiferin could inhibit telomerase activity of K562 cells in a time-and-concentration-dependent manner. "	( [The effect of mangiferin on telomerase activity and apoptosis in leukemic K562 cells]. Cheng, P; Peng, ZG; Song, SJ; Yang, J, 2007)	2.14
"Mangiferin can inhibit telomerase activity of K562 cells, and the mechanism of effect is maybe relate to inducing apoptosis and the expression of Fas protein."	( [The effect of mangiferin on telomerase activity and apoptosis in leukemic K562 cells]. Cheng, P; Peng, ZG; Song, SJ; Yang, J, 2007)	2.14

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"Mangiferin treatment enhanced LKB1-dependent AMPK activity and suppressed ER stress with downregulation of TXNIP induction, leading to the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation evidenced by attenuated NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1 expression as well as reduced IL-1β secretion. "	( Mangiferin suppresses endoplasmic reticulum stress in perivascular adipose tissue and prevents insulin resistance in the endothelium. Chen, Y; Hou, F; Huang, F; Liu, B; Ma, X; Song, J; Xu, X, 2018)	3.37
"Mangiferin treatment downregulated the expression of NLRP3, the adaptor protein ASC, and caspase-1, which subsequently reduced the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in CMS mice."	( Mangiferin inhibits hippocampal NLRP3 inflammasome and exerts antidepressant effects in a chronic mild stress mice model. Cao, C; Su, M; Zhou, F, 2017)	2.62
"Mangiferin‑treated aged mice exhibited decreased blood glucose levels and increased glucose tolerance, which was accompanied with higher serum insulin levels when compared with those in untreated PPx control mice."	( Mangiferin induces islet regeneration in aged mice through regulating p16INK4a. Deng, S; He, X; Huai, G; Lei, T; Liu, Y; Sun, M; Tong, R; Wang, H; Wang, Y; Yang, H, 2018)	2.64
"Mangiferin treatment attenuated DNA damage and apoptotic pathway."	( Mangiferin attenuates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats mediating modulation of MAPK pathway. Arya, DS; Bhatia, J; Dinda, AK; Malik, S; Mutneja, E; Nag, TC; Sahu, AK; Verma, VK, 2019)	2.68
"Mangiferin was orally treated with the dose of 40 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days to diabetic rats."	( Beneficial effects of mangiferin isolated from Salacia chinensis on biochemical and hematological parameters in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Arulselvan, P; Fakurazi, S; Kandasamy, M; Sellamuthu, PS, 2014)	1.44
"Mangiferin-treated mice exhibited an improved glycemia and glucose tolerance, increased serum insulin levels, enhanced β-cell hyperplasia, elevated β-cell proliferation and reduced β-cell apoptosis."	( Mangiferin facilitates islet regeneration and β-cell proliferation through upregulation of cell cycle and β-cell regeneration regulators. An, N; Bao, JK; Li, CY; Liu, YD; Lu, BM; Shi, Z; Wang, HL; Wang, Y; Zhang, B; Zhang, JJ; Zhao, LK, 2014)	2.57
"Mangiferin pretreatment significantly ameliorated the anxiety-like behaviour as evident from the results of an elevated plus maze, light-dark box and open field test."	( Protective effect of mangiferin against lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviour in mice. Baruah, CC; Jangra, A; Lahkar, M; Lukhi, MM; Sulakhiya, K, 2014)	1.44
"Mangiferin treatment, post to hyperglycemia, successfully inhibited all of these changes and protected the cells from apoptotic death."	( Mangiferin attenuates diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting oxidative stress mediated signaling cascade, TNFα related and mitochondrial dependent apoptotic pathways in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pal, PB; Sil, PC; Sinha, K, 2014)	2.57
"Mangiferin treatment significantly promoted Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus and increased nuclear Nrf2 expression."	( Mangiferin activates the Nrf2-ARE pathway and reduces etoposide-induced DNA damage in human umbilical cord mononuclear blood cells. Chen, Y; Fang, J; Li, S; Zeng, L; Zhang, B; Zhao, J, 2015)	2.58
"Mangiferin treatment attenuated the expressions of TXNIP and NLRP3 and reduced IL-1β and IL-6 production, demonstrating its inhibitory effects on TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation."	( Mangiferin inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated thioredoxin-interacting protein/NLRP3 inflammasome activation with regulation of AMPK in endothelial cells. Hou, F; Li, J; Liu, B; Song, J; Wang, X, 2015)	2.58
"Mangiferin treatment suppressed this upregulation."	( Mangiferin Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells in Ischemic Mouse Retina via SIRT1. Heo, H; Kim, SJ; Lee, JH; Park, SW; Sung, MS, 2016)	2.6
"The mangiferin‑treated group were found to have lower oxidative stress activity and lower expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, compared with the SCI rat."	( Mangiferin attenuates contusive spinal cord injury in rats through the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and the Bcl‑2 and Bax pathway. Fu, C; Liu, Y; Luo, Y; Wang, H; Wang, Z; Zhang, Z, 2015)	2.34
"Mangiferin was orally pretreatmented (50mg/kg) for seven days and then treatmented (50mg/kg) for five days after LPS injection."	( Mangiferin regulates cognitive deficits and heme oxygenase-1 induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. Du, Y; Fu, Y; Li, L; Liang, C; Liu, H; Liu, Y; Ma, K; Shao, X; Song, C; Song, Y; Sun, Y; Wen, X; Wu, J; Zhang, F; Zhang, X, 2015)	2.58
"Mangiferin treatment also increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved Poly ADP ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), p53, and phosphorylated p53 proteins, and decreased the expression of Survivin and Bcl-associated X (Bcl-xL) proteins in vivo."	( Mangiferin, a novel nuclear factor kappa B-inducing kinase inhibitor, suppresses metastasis and tumor growth in a mouse metastatic melanoma model. Enomoto, A; Ichimura, E; Imano, M; Itoh, T; Matsuda, H; Muraoka, O; Nishida, S; Sakamoto, K; Satou, T; Suzuki, Y; Takeda, T; Tanabe, G; Tsubaki, M, 2016)	2.6
"The mangiferin-treated rats presented an earlier peak of cell proliferation and augmented angiogenesis in the injured region."	( Effect of mangiferin on the development of periodontal disease: involvement of lipoxin A4, anti-chemotaxic action in leukocyte rolling. Bruni, F; Carvalho, RR; Felisbino, SL; Hiruma-Lima, CA; Justulin, L; Lopes-Ferreira, M; Pellizzon, CH; Vilegas, W, 2009)	1.24
"Mangiferin treatment significantly decreased final body weight, liver weight and visceral fat-pad weight, serum triglyceride (TG) and total free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations, hepatic TG levels and hepatic and muscle total FFA contents."	( Beneficial effects of mangiferin on hyperlipidemia in high-fat-fed hamsters. Feng, R; Guo, F; He, Y; Huang, C; Li, Y; Liao, X; Sun, C; Wang, Y, 2011)	1.41
"Mangiferin treatment post to DGal exposure reduced all these DGal-induced adverse effects."	( D(+) galactosamine induced oxidative and nitrosative stress-mediated renal damage in rats via NF-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathways is ameliorated by a polyphenol xanthone, mangiferin. Das, J; Ghosh, M; Sil, PC, 2012)	1.29
"Treatment with mangiferin and 7-NI significantly increases locomotor parameters in 6-OHDA lesioned rats."	( Effects of mangiferin and its combination with nNOS inhibitor 7-nitro-indazole (7-NI) in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned Parkinson's disease rats. Chaudhary, MJ; Nath, R; Pal, R; Tiwari, PC, 2022)	1.45
"Pre-treatment with mangiferin exerted a protective effect, reducing the intensity of damage caused by TNBS."	( The impact of mangiferin from Belamcanda chinensis on experimental colitis in rats. Merwid-Ląd, A; Szandruk, M; Szeląg, A, 2018)	1.16
"Post treatment of mangiferin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (6 days, orally), on the other hand, diminished the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced the levels of serum marker enzymes [alanine aminotranferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)]."	( Mangiferin, a natural xanthone, protects murine liver in Pb(II) induced hepatic damage and cell death via MAP kinase, NF-κB and mitochondria dependent pathways. Pal, PB; Sil, PC; Sinha, K, 2013)	2.16
"Pre-treatment with mangiferin significantly enhanced cell viability, ameliorated decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased rotenone-induced apoptosis in the cellular model of Parkinson's disease."	( Mangiferin antagonizes rotenone: induced apoptosis through attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. Essa, MM; Karthikeyan, S; Kavitha, M; Manivasagam, T; Selvakumar, GP; Subash, S; Tamilselvam, K; Thenmozhi, JA, 2014)	2.16
"Treatment with mangiferin significantly ameliorated neurologic deficit, infarct volume and brain water content after cerebral ischemia reperfusion."	( Protective effects of mangiferin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and its mechanisms. Hanmin, W; Susu, H; Weian, C; Yang, Z, 2016)	1.09
"Treatment with mangiferin inhibited COX-2 expression and the rolling and adhesion of leukocytes, while maintaining normal lipoxin A(4) levels."	( Effect of mangiferin on the development of periodontal disease: involvement of lipoxin A4, anti-chemotaxic action in leukocyte rolling. Bruni, F; Carvalho, RR; Felisbino, SL; Hiruma-Lima, CA; Justulin, L; Lopes-Ferreira, M; Pellizzon, CH; Vilegas, W, 2009)	1.1
"Pretreatment with mangiferin (100 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) for 28 days, significantly prevented the alterations and restored the enzyme activities to near-normal status."	( Mechanism of protective action of mangiferin on suppression of inflammatory response and lysosomal instability in rat model of myocardial infarction. Devi, CS; Narayan, S; Prabhu, S, 2009)	0.96
"Pre-treatment with Mangiferin restored increased whole brain acetylcholinestrease, lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione due to scopolamine and natural aging."	( Neuropharmacological effect of Mangiferin on brain cholinesterase and brain biogenic amines in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Biradar, SM; Chheda, TK; Joshi, H, 2012)	0.98
"Pretreatment with mangiferin (10 mg/100 g body weight) for 28 days was found to ameliorate the effect of ISPH-induced pathological changes, reduced the lipid peroxide formation and retained the myocardial marker enzyme activities at near normal level."	( Cardioprotective effect of mangiferin on isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Devi, CS; Jainu, M; Prabhu, S; Sabitha, KE, 2006)	0.95
"Pretreatment with mangiferin (100 mg/kg b.w."	( Effect of mangiferin on mitochondrial energy production in experimentally induced myocardial infarcted rats. Jainu, M; Prabhu, S; Sabitha, KE; Shyamala Devi, CS, 2006)	1.06

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" Mangiferin also increased the level of heart tissue phospholipids significantly in isoproterenol induced cardio toxic rats."	( Efficacy of mangiferin on serum and heart tissue lipids in rats subjected to isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity. Nair, PS; Shyamala Devi, CS, 2006)	1.62
" However, mangiferin administration in GAL intoxicated rats or coincubation of hepatocytes with mangiferin significantly altered all these GAL-induced adverse effects."	( Mangiferin exerts hepatoprotective activity against D-galactosamine induced acute toxicity and oxidative/nitrosative stress via Nrf2-NFκB pathways. Das, J; Ghosh, J; Roy, A; Sil, PC, 2012)	2.22
" In human studies, Salacia extracts have been shown to decrease plasma glucose and insulin levels, decrease HbA1c, and modulate serum lipid levels with no adverse effects being reported."	( Anti-diabetic and Anti-hyperlipidemic Effects and Safety of Salacia reticulata and Related Species. Ray, S; Stohs, SJ, 2015)	0.42
" The preclinical acute dose toxicity study and 90-days repeated dose toxicity study of DB14201 extract in wistar rats by oral route indicated that the extract is safe up to 1000mg/kg dose."	( Antidiabetic potential of polyherbal formulation DB14201: Preclinical development, safety and efficacy studies. Awasthi, A; Bharate, SS; Gopalakrishna Pillai, GK; Jaggi, M; Mishra, G; Mithal, A; Singh, AT; Verma, R; Vishwakarma, RA, 2017)	0.46

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" The results indicate that the pharmacokinetics of mangiferin at doses of 10-30 mg/kg reveals a linear relation, while doses of 30-100 mg/kg show a nonlinear pharmacokinetic phenomenon."	( Pharmacokinetic study of free mangiferin in rats by microdialysis coupled with microbore high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Lai, L; Lin, JH; Lin, LC; Tsai, TH, 2003)	0.86
"A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin in the plasma of rats that have been orally administered the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Zi-Shen pill is established."	( High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination and pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin in plasma of rats having taken the traditional Chinese medicinal preparation Zi-Shen pill. Bi, K; Dai, R; Gao, J, 2004)	0.76
" The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), the time to reach peak concentration (Tmax) and the apparent elimination half-life (T1/2) were (10."	( Pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in rat plasma after oral administration of a single dose of suanzaoren decoction. Bi, KS; Li, YJ, 2005)	0.65
" The quantitation method was successfully applied to generate pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of markers as well as to detect other components in plasma after intravenous dose administration of herbal preparation in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats."	( Simultaneous estimation of mangiferin and four secoiridoid glycosides in rat plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and its application to pharmacokinetic study of herbal preparation. Asthana, RK; Gupta, RC; Suryawanshi, S, 2007)	0.64
" This fully validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of the above seven compounds in rats."	( Simultaneous determination of active xanthone glycosides, timosaponins and alkaloids in rat plasma after oral administration of Zi-Shen Pill extract for the pharmacokinetic study by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cai, F; Chen, W; Feng, J; Gao, S; Sun, L; Wei, H; Xu, W; Yang, Q; Zhang, F, 2010)	0.36
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of mangiferin in plasma were obtained as follows: T(max) = 7 h, C(max) = (4."	( Determination of mangiferin in rat eyes and pharmacokinetic study in plasma after oral administration of mangiferin-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion. Cui, H; Hou, Y; Li, B; Liu, Y; Yu, X; Zhang, H, 2010)	0.99
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of mangiferin in plasma after intravenous administration were fitted to the two-compartment model with the first-order elimination and first-order transfer between central and peripheral compartments."	( Pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin in rat plasma and retina using high-performance liquid chromatography. Fan, S; Gu, Y; Hou, Y; Li, B; Yu, X; Zhang, H, 2010)	0.95
" The pharmacokinetic profiles of free mangiferin at three dose levels and mangiferin in Zhimu decoction and Zhimu-Huangbai decoction were studied for the first time in rats by this method."	( Application of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method to pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin in rats. Deng, Y; Feng, Y; Li, X; Liu, Y; Wu, Z; Xu, F; Yang, L; Zeng, X, 2010)	0.85
"To clarify the role of the intestinal flora in the absorption and metabolism of mangiferin and to elucidate its metabolic fate and pharmacokinetic profile in diabetic rats, a systematic and comparative investigation of the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was conducted."	( Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Chen, M; Fan, M; He, L; Huang, C; Jian, L; Li, Z; Liu, H; Pan, G; Wang, K; Wu, B, 2012)	0.88
" The validated method has been successfully applied to comparing pharmacokinetic profiles of analytes in rat plasma."	( A UFLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitation of spinosin, mangiferin and ferulic acid in rat plasma: application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and insomnic rats. Bi, K; Chen, X; He, B; Jia, Y; Li, Q; Lv, C; Xiao, F; Xu, H; Zhao, L, 2012)	0.62
" It was also specific, precise and accurate when it was used to measure mangiferin levels in plasma and to characterize the pharmacokinetic properties following oral administration of mangiferin at a single dose of 5, 15, 45 and 90 mg/kg in rats."	( An improved LC-MS/MS method for the determination of mangiferin in rat plasma and its application in nonlinear pharmacokinetics. Cai, F; Chen, W; Gao, S; Sun, L; Wang, W; Zhan, Q, 2014)	0.88
" The pharmacokinetic differences of mangiferin following oral administration of pure mangiferin and polyherbal formulation containing Salacia species were studied with approximately the same dose 30 mg/kg mangiferin and its distribution among the major tissue in Wistar rats."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin after oral administration of pure mangiferin and US patented polyherbal formulation to rats. Agrawal, A; Dubey, GP; Inampudi, J; Kaliappan, I; Kammalla, AK; Ramasamy, MK, 2015)	0.96
"Mangiferin, an active component of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, although it is reported to have various pharmacological effects, the limited number of pharmacokinetic studies limit its wide application."	( Pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin in human plasma after oral administration. Hou, S; Li, Y; Sun, C; Sun, D; Wang, F; Wang, M, 2012)	2.13
"Diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced morphological and/or functional complications may alter the pharmacokinetic profiles of mangiferin."	( Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Mangiferin in Normal and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats after Oral and Intravenous Administration by UPLC-MS/MS. Gu, PC; Han, MN; Han, WL; Pan, YQ; Peng, J; Shang, JC; Wang, L, 2019)	1
"90% decreases in Cmax and AUC0-t, respectively, for mangiferin after oral administration, and 63."	( Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Mangiferin in Normal and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats after Oral and Intravenous Administration by UPLC-MS/MS. Gu, PC; Han, MN; Han, WL; Pan, YQ; Peng, J; Shang, JC; Wang, L, 2019)	1.04
"Compared to normal rats, pharmacokinetic parameters of mangiferin were altered in diabetic condition induced by alloxan."	( Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Mangiferin in Normal and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats after Oral and Intravenous Administration by UPLC-MS/MS. Gu, PC; Han, MN; Han, WL; Pan, YQ; Peng, J; Shang, JC; Wang, L, 2019)	1.03
"The plasma pharmacokinetic of mangiferin calcium salt (MCS) and mangiferin were monitored by HPLC."	( Pharmacokinetic and metabolomic analyses of Mangiferin calcium salt in rat models of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Huang, X; Li, Y; Lin, H; Lin, Z; Lv, G; Teng, H; Wu, W; Yan, W, 2020)	1.11
"The pharmacokinetic parameters of MCS have been varied, and the oral absorption effect of MCS was better than mangiferin."	( Pharmacokinetic and metabolomic analyses of Mangiferin calcium salt in rat models of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Huang, X; Li, Y; Lin, H; Lin, Z; Lv, G; Teng, H; Wu, W; Yan, W, 2020)	1.03
" Nevertheless, the pharmacodynamic substance basis of this anti-insomnia effect is still unclear."	( Screening out the anti-insomnia components from Prunella vulgaris L. based on plasma pharmacochemistry combined with pharmacodynamic experiments and UPLC-MS/MS analysis. Cheng, FF; Jiang, YY; Lin, TF; Liu, B; Qiu, JN; Sun, M; Zhang, JH; Zhang, S; Zhang, Y, 2021)	0.62

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" Based on experimental data, the combination index of the hypoglycemic drugs like metformin and gliclazide in combination with different doses of mangiferin was determined using COMPUSYN software."	( Antidiabetic effect of mangiferin in combination with oral hypoglycemic agents metformin and gliclazide. Malarvizhi, R; Mani, S; Nithya, P; Sekar, V; Vasanthi, HR, 2019)	1.02
" Therefore, we evaluated the effect of mangiferin alone and in combination with nNOS inhibitor 7-nitro-indazole (7-NI) in 6-OHDA lesioned rats."	( Effects of mangiferin and its combination with nNOS inhibitor 7-nitro-indazole (7-NI) in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned Parkinson's disease rats. Chaudhary, MJ; Nath, R; Pal, R; Tiwari, PC, 2022)	1.38
"We explored the protection of mangiferin monosodium salt (MGM) on kidney injury in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) by "multiomics" analysis combined with systems pharmacology, with a specific focus on ferroptosis, inflammation, and podocyte insulin resistance (IR) signaling events in kidneys."	( "Multiomics" Analyses Combined with Systems Pharmacology Reveal the Renoprotection of Mangiferin Monosodium Salt in Rats with Diabetic Nephropathy: Focus on Improvements in Renal Ferroptosis, Renal Inflammation, and Podocyte Insulin Resistance. Chen, J; Gao, J; Lang, W; Liu, C; Pu, Z; Xing, J; Yuan, C; Zhao, C; Zhou, C, 2023)	1.42

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" The effective bioavailability of these compounds makes them suitable antioxidants with potential use in atherosclerosis susceptible conditions."	( Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang) and its main polyphenol mangiferin prevent mitochondrial oxidative stress in atherosclerosis-prone hypercholesterolemic mouse. Castilho, RF; Delgado, R; Oliveira, HC; Paim, BA; Pardo-Andreu, GL; Velho, JA; Vercesi, AE, 2008)	0.59
" This validated method is a novel technique for sample preparation and quantitation, which was successfully applied to estimate the bioavailability of mangiferin."	( Determination of mangiferin in rat plasma by liquid-liquid extraction with UPLC-MS/MS. Chen, C; Han, D; Tang, X; Zhang, C; Zhang, Y, 2010)	0.9
"The aim of this study was to develop a novel nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) system to improve ocular bioavailability of mangiferin (MGN) for the potential treatment of cataract."	( Nanostructured lipid carriers as novel ophthalmic delivery system for mangiferin: improving in vivo ocular bioavailability. Liu, R; Liu, Z; Zhang, B; Zhang, C, 2012)	0.82
" After administration of mangiferin at a dose of 30 mg/kg combining with sodium deoxycholate, the bioavailability of mangiferin increased four-fold, and this may be due to sodium deoxycholate weakening the compactness between lecithin molecules and increased the paracellular permeability."	( Increased absorption of mangiferin in the gastrointestinal tract and its mechanism of action by absorption enhancers in rats. Gu, Y; Meng, L; Ren, T; Tang, X; Tian, B; Wang, X; Zhang, Y, 2013)	1
" Owing to which there is a need to develop MF herbosomes to resolve the problem of poor bioavailability to enhance the therapeutic potential."	( Pharmacological evaluation of mangiferin herbosomes for antioxidant and hepatoprotection potential against ethanol induced hepatic damage. Gajbhiye, A; Jain, PK; Kharya, M, 2013)	0.68
"To study formulation of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) of mangiferin phospholipid complex and improve dissolution and bioavailability of mangiferin."	( [Study on prescription of self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of mangiferin phospholipid complex]. Pi, JX; Sun, SZ; Tian, H; Wang, YJ; Xuan, XY; Zhang, WL, 2012)	0.84
" The molecular structure of mangiferin fulfils the four Lipinski's requisites reported to favor high bioavailability by oral administration."	( Therapeutic and cosmetic applications of mangiferin: a patent review. Dhulap, S; Hirwani, R; Mandhare, A; Telang, M, 2013)	0.95
" However, the major disadvantage of mangiferin is its reduced biological activity due to poor absorption, low bioavailability and rapid elimination from the body after administration."	( Soya phospholipid complex of mangiferin enhances its hepatoprotectivity by improving its bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. Ahmmed, SM; Bhattacharyya, S; Mukherjee, PK; Saha, BP, 2014)	0.97
"The results suggested that the complexation of mangiferin with soya phospholipid enhanced the hepatoprotection and in vivo antioxidant activity, which may be due to the improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in rat serum."	( Soya phospholipid complex of mangiferin enhances its hepatoprotectivity by improving its bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. Ahmmed, SM; Bhattacharyya, S; Mukherjee, PK; Saha, BP, 2014)	0.95
" Many reports focused on improving aqueous solubility, but oral bioavailability of mangiferin was still limited."	( Improving permeability and oral absorption of mangiferin by phospholipid complexation. Chen, H; Ma, H; Sun, L; Tong, L; Zhang, T, 2014)	0.89
" The results indicate that the reason which delays the elimination of mangiferin and enhances its bioavailability might the interactions of the some other constituents present in the polyherbal formulation."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic study of mangiferin after oral administration of pure mangiferin and US patented polyherbal formulation to rats. Agrawal, A; Dubey, GP; Inampudi, J; Kaliappan, I; Kammalla, AK; Ramasamy, MK, 2015)	0.92
"An early prediction of solubility in physiological media (PBS, SGF and SIF) is useful to predict qualitatively bioavailability and absorption of lead candidates."	( Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery. Bharate, SS; Vishwakarma, RA, 2015)	0.42
"The poor bioavailability of mangiferin (MGF) is a major obstacle on its further development."	( Pharmacokinetics of mangiferin and its metabolite-norathyriol, Part 2: Influence of UGT, CYP450, P-gp, and enterobacteria and the potential interaction in Rhizoma Anemarrhenae decoction with timosaponin B2 as the major contributor. Gao, Y; Guo, X; Hu, P; Huang, C; Li, Z; Lian, S; Ma, Y; Tian, X; Xu, Z, 2016)	1.05
" In addition, the need to enhance the bioavailability and delivery of mangiferin are briefly addressed, as well as the potential for toxicity."	( Mangiferin and Cancer: Mechanisms of Action. Bishop, K; Fernandez, A; Gold-Smith, F, 2016)	2.11
" The C-glycoside link of mangiferin, mimicked to nucleophilic phloroglucinol substitution, facilitates its bioavailability and also is responsible for its antioxidant properties."	( Mangiferin: A review of sources and interventions for biological activities. Khare, P; Shanker, K, 2016)	2.18
"0-folds augmentation in permeability and bioavailability of Mgf."	( Improving the biopharmaceutical attributes of mangiferin using vitamin E-TPGS co-loaded self-assembled phosholipidic nano-mixed micellar systems. Gaspar, BL; Katare, OP; Khurana, RK; Singh, B; Singh, KK; Welsby, G, 2018)	0.74
" However, low solubility, mucosal permeability and bioavailability restrict the development of mangiferin as a clinical therapeutic, and chemical and physical modification is required to expand its application."	( Mangiferin: An effective therapeutic agent against several disorders (Review). Du, S; He, X; Lei, T; Liu, H; Tong, R; Wang, H; Wang, Y; Xie, X, 2018)	2.14
" Results showed that norathyriol was well absorbed, as indicated by its absolute bioavailability of 30."	( Absorption, Metabolism, and Pharmacokinetics Profiles of Norathyriol, an Aglycone of Mangiferin, in Rats by HPLC-MS/MS. Chen, S; Cheng, M; Guo, X; Hu, P; Huang, C; Liu, H; Shi, H; Shi, Z; Tian, X; Xu, Z, 2018)	0.7
"80% of oral bioavailability respectively."	( Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Mangiferin in Normal and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats after Oral and Intravenous Administration by UPLC-MS/MS. Gu, PC; Han, MN; Han, WL; Pan, YQ; Peng, J; Shang, JC; Wang, L, 2019)	0.79
" Patent information pertaining to improving solubility and bioavailability of mangiferin and related bioactives has also been presented."	( Therapeutic and cosmetic applications of mangiferin: an updated patent review (patents published after 2013). Mandhare, A; Quadri, F; Telang, M, 2019)	1.01
" However, the bioactivity of MGF does not result in vivo biological effect owing to its low bioavailability and poor solubility."	( Anti-oxidative effect of mangiferin-chitosan nanoparticles on oxidative stress-induced renal cells. Dutta, D; Samadarsi, R, 2020)	0.86
" Strategies and approaches to improve bioavailability of mangiferin have also been discussed."	( A pervasive scientific overview on mangiferin in the prevention and treatment of various diseases with preclinical and clinical updates. Ali, J; Baboota, S; Gupta, MM; Iqbal, B; Iqubal, MK; Mittal, S, 2020)	1.08
" However, its poor oral absorption and low bioavailability limit its further clinical development and application."	( Pharmacokinetic and metabolomic analyses of Mangiferin calcium salt in rat models of type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Huang, X; Li, Y; Lin, H; Lin, Z; Lv, G; Teng, H; Wu, W; Yan, W, 2020)	0.82
" However, mangiferin is not being currently applied to clinical use because its oral bioavailability as well as its absorption in the body are too low."	( Mangiferin as New Potential Anti-Cancer Agent and Mangiferin-Integrated Polymer Systems-A Novel Research Direction. Generalova, YE; Morozkina, SN; Nhung Vu, TH; Snetkov, PP; Uspenskaya, MV, 2021)	2.47

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Since the lowest MNBNC frequency was observed for 50 microg/ml MGN, dose-response studies were undertaken using this concentration."	( Effect of mangiferin on radiation-induced micronucleus formation in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Jagetia, GC; Venkatesha, VA, 2005)	0.73
" Six compounds observed in the primary screen were confirmed in dose-response experiments, and were tested against HIV-1-induced cytopathic effects."	( Natural-product-library-based screening for discovery of capsid C-terminal domain targeted HIV-1 inhibitors. Luo, H; Luo, RH; Xu, L; Xu, XS; Yang, LM; Zhang, DW; Zheng, YT, 2020)	0.56
" Orally treated mangiferin at an effective dosage of 50 mg/kg bw, to DMBA painted hamsters were significantly averted the body weight, succession of tumour, the biochemical as well as histopathological changes."	( Modulator effect of mangiferin on biochemical characterization in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced oral cancer in experimental hamsters. Liu, M; Pan, S; Wen, C, 2021)	1.29
" Our review also elaborated on improving the solubility of mangiferin by changing the dosage form and introduced the existing results, which hope to provide useful reference for mangiferin for further treating diabetes."	( The management of diabetes mellitus by mangiferin: advances and prospects. Chen, K; He, B; Liang, Y; Liu, H; Long, X; Sun, Y; Wang, M, 2022)	1.23

Role	Description
hypoglycemic agent	A drug which lowers the blood glucose level.
antioxidant	A substance that opposes oxidation or inhibits reactions brought about by dioxygen or peroxides.
anti-inflammatory agent	Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects.
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
C-glycosyl compound	A glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a carbon atom, thus creating a C-C bond.
xanthones	Any member of the class of xanthenes based on a xanthone skeleton.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	IC50 (µMol)	3.2000	0.0004	1.8773	10.0000	AID356411
Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	38.0000	0.0200	3.0833	7.4000	AID1656436
Sialidase	Clostridium perfringens	IC50 (µMol)	16.2000	0.0010	2.4572	9.8000	AID417656
Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.2500	0.0000	0.7053	10.0000	AID1875282
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
carbohydrate metabolic process	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
glycosaminoglycan catabolic process	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
heparan sulfate proteoglycan catabolic process	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
chondroitin sulfate catabolic process	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
hyaluronan catabolic process	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
glucuronoside catabolic process	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
skeletal system development	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
proteolysis	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
embryo implantation	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
cell migration	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix disassembly	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
macrophage differentiation	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen catabolic process	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to reactive oxygen species	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
endodermal cell differentiation	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA binding	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor signaling pathway	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of keratinocyte migration	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cadmium ion	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to UV-A	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of neuroinflammatory response	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor binding	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
response to amyloid-beta	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of epithelial cell differentiation involved in kidney development	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cation channel activity	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular matrix organization	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
beta-glucuronidase activity	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor binding	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific binding	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
carbohydrate binding	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
endopeptidase activity	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
metalloendopeptidase activity	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activity	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen binding	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidase activity	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
metallopeptidase activity	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular region	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
azurophil granule lumen	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomal lumen	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Beta-glucuronidase	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrix	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
tertiary granule lumen	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
ficolin-1-rich granule lumen	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular space	Matrix metalloproteinase-9	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (165)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1213886	Stability in Wistar rat plasma measured within three freeze thaw cycles by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID448782	Inhibition of Clostridium welchii neuraminidase	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Structural characteristics of flavanones and flavones from Cudrania tricuspidata for neuraminidase inhibition.
AID1651477	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in male Balb/c mouse assessed as reduction in zosteriform lesion at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 5 post infection
AID1213871	Drug excretion in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat feces assessed as 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone metabolite level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID696081	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as ASPI-induced AUC of platelets adhering at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by multiplate electrical impedance aggregometry (Rvb = 72 10'1 AU.min)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID1651488	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in female Balb/c mouse assessed as change in epidermis thickness at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 10 post infection by
AID1875289	Toxicity in human HL7702 cells assessed as cell viability at 2.5 umol/L incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1213845	Tmax in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213843	Apparent oral clearance in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1651478	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in male Balb/c mouse assessed as reduction in ulcerated lesion at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 7 post infection
AID1213859	Drug excretion in conventional Wistar rat feces assessed as unchanged drug level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID410032	Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase by Lineweaver-Burke plot	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23	Pterocarpans and flavanones from Sophora flavescens displaying potent neuraminidase inhibition.
AID1213875	Drug level in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat plasma treated with mangiferin at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1193493	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound in PBS at pH 7.4 at RT after 4 hrs by 96 well plate method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1651475	Antiviral activity against ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in male Balb/c mouse assessed as reduction in ulcerated lesion at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 5 post infection
AID1213827	Drug recovery in Wistar rat plasma at 2000 ng/ml by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1651454	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection at 25 ug/ml measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based plaque reduction assay relative
AID1875276	Inhibition of MMP9 in human U2OS cells at 1 umol/L by peptide microarray-based fluorescence assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1651457	Antiviral activity against ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection at 12.5 ug/ml measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based plaque reduction assay relative
AID1213847	AUC(0 to t) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213842	MRT(0 to infinity) in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213878	Drug excretion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat urine assessed as 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone metabolite level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213857	Drug excretion in conventional Wistar rat urine assessed as 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone metabolite level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213881	Drug excretion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat feces assessed as norathyriol metabolite level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1651492	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in female Balb/c mouse assessed as change in epidermis thickness at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 10 post infection by H
AID1213844	Cmax in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1875307	Toxicity in Kunming mouse assessed as effect on blood components measured after 14 days	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1875287	Inhibition of cell migration of human U2OS cells at 2.5 umol/L incubated for 24 hrs by would healing assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID436313	Antioxidant activity assessed as protection against peroxyl radical-induced alkaline phosphatase oxidation by fluorimetric assay	2008	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 71, Issue:11	Antioxidant C-glucosylxanthones from the leaves of Arrabidaea patellifera.
AID1213860	Drug excretion in conventional Wistar rat feces assessed as norathyriol metabolite level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213846	Elimination half life in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1875290	Toxicity in human HEK293T cells assessed as cell viability at 2.5 umol/L incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1213865	Drug metabolism in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat plasma assessed as 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone metabolite formation at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1875280	Inhibition of MMP1 in human U2OS cells at 1 umol/L by peptide microarray-based fluorescence assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1875288	Toxicity in human NCM460 cells assessed as cell viability at 2.5 umol/L incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1651476	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in male Balb/c mouse assessed as reduction in ulcerated lesion at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 5 post infection
AID1213841	MRT(0 to t) in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1651469	Virucidal activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral inhibition at 3.12 to 25 ug/mL measured after 1 hr by plaque reduction assay
AID1213861	Drug excretion in conventional Wistar rat feces assessed as 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone metabolite level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1875291	Toxicity in human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell viability at 2.5 umol/L incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1328108	Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium measured after 24 hrs by WST8 assay	2016	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 79, Issue:8	Chemical Constituents of Mangifera indica and Their Antiausterity Activity against the PANC-1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line.
AID1875292	Toxicity in human U2OS cells assessed as cell viability at 2.5 umol/L incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1651453	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection at 12.5 ug/ml measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based plaque reduction assay relativ
AID1193495	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound in simulated intestinal fluid at pH 6.8 at RT after 4 hrs by 96 well plate method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1213866	Drug excretion in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat urine assessed as unchanged drug level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213872	Drug uptake in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat plasma at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1651485	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in male Balb/c mouse assessed as change in dermis thickness at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 10 post infection by H and
AID1213832	AUC(0 to infinity) in conventional Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID696068	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as TRAP-induced AUC of platelets adhering at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by multiplate electrical impedance aggregometry (Rvb = 106 10'1 AU.min)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID696074	Anticoagulant activity in human plasma assessed as effect on prothrombin time at 5 mM by coagulometer analysis relative to untreated control	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID1213830	Elimination half life in conventional Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1651490	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in female Balb/c mouse assessed as change in dermis thickness at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 10 post infection by H and
AID1213864	Drug metabolism in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat plasma assessed as norathyriol metabolite formation at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID696073	Anticoagulant activity in human plasma assessed as effect on activated partial thromboplastin time at 5 mM by coagulometer analysis relative to untreated control	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID761770	Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-glucosidase using p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as substrate preincubated for 15 mins	2013	Journal of natural products, Jul-26, Volume: 76, Issue:7	Xanthone glycoside constituents of Swertia kouitchensis with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
AID1213882	Drug excretion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat feces assessed as 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone metabolite level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID356411	Inhibition of aldose reductase in rat lens homogenate	2003	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 66, Issue:9	Structures of new friedelane-type triterpenes and eudesmane-type sesquiterpene and aldose reductase inhibitors from Salacia chinensis.
AID1328102	Antiausteritic activity against human PANC1 cells in nutrient-deprived medium measured after 24 hrs by WST8 assay	2016	Journal of natural products, 08-26, Volume: 79, Issue:8	Chemical Constituents of Mangifera indica and Their Antiausterity Activity against the PANC-1 Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line.
AID1651491	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in male Balb/c mouse assessed as change in epidermis thickness at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 10 post infection by H an
AID1656436	Inhibition of beta-glucuronidase (unknown origin)	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Therapeutic significance of β-glucuronidase activity and its inhibitors: A review.
AID1875270	Inhibition of MMP9 in human U2OS cells at 5 umol/L by peptide microarray-based fluorescence assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1875268	Toxicity in human MCF7 cells assessed as cell viability at 2.5 umol/L incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID696070	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as ADP-induced AUC of platelets adhering at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by multiplate electrical impedance aggregometry (Rvb = 72 10'1 AU.min)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID1651456	Antiviral activity against ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection at 6.25 ug/ml measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based plaque reduction assay relative
AID1651451	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection at 3.12 ug/ml measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based plaque reduction assay relativ
AID417659	Competitive inhibition of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase by Lineweaver-Burke plot and Dixon plot	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 17, Issue:7	Characteristic of neuraminidase inhibitory xanthones from Cudrania tricuspidata.
AID1651463	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as suppression of viral replication by measuring reduction in ICP4 production at 12.5 ug/ml measured after 24 hrs by immunofluoresce
AID1213824	Drug metabolism in Wistar rat plasma assessed as retention time by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1193492	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound in water at RT after 4 hrs by 96 well plate method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1213863	Drug uptake in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat plasma at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1129836	Inhibition of His-6-tagged Coxsackievirus B3 3C protease expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using Asp-Glu-EDANS-(5-((2-aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid)-MSAIFQGPISK-DABCYL (4-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)azo)benzoic acid) as peptide substrat	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Benzophenone C-glucosides and gallotannins from mango tree stem bark with broad-spectrum anti-viral activity.
AID1651458	Antiviral activity against ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection at 25 ug/ml measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based plaque reduction assay relative to
AID1651483	Toxicity in Balb/c mouse infected with ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS assessed as death at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 10 post infection
AID1213828	Cmax in conventional Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1651462	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for African green monkey Vero cells to IC50 for Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in African green monkey Vero cells
AID1651461	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for African green monkey Vero cells to IC50 for Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in African green monkey Vero cells
AID1213835	Apparent oral clearance in conventional Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213852	Drug uptake in conventional Wistar rat plasma at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213851	Apparent oral clearance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID436311	Antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 by [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation assay	2008	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 71, Issue:11	Antioxidant C-glucosylxanthones from the leaves of Arrabidaea patellifera.
AID1651482	Toxicity in Balb/c mouse infected with ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 assessed as effect on body weight at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 10 post infection
AID1129833	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/RI/5+/1957(H2N2)) recombinant neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate at 100 uM after 30 mins	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Benzophenone C-glucosides and gallotannins from mango tree stem bark with broad-spectrum anti-viral activity.
AID1357641	Toxicity in zebra fish larvae at 5 uM after 48 hrs	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Lipid reducing activity and toxicity profiles of a library of polyphenol derivatives.
AID775269	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production at 50 uM after 24 hrs by Griess assay relative to control	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21	Inhibitory constituents from the aerial parts of Polygala tenuifolia on LPS-induced NO production in BV2 microglia cells.
AID448783	Noncompetitive inhibition of Clostridium welchii neuraminidase by Dixon plot	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-01, Volume: 19, Issue:17	Structural characteristics of flavanones and flavones from Cudrania tricuspidata for neuraminidase inhibition.
AID356577	Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity after 30 mins	2003	Journal of natural products, Oct, Volume: 66, Issue:10	New antioxidant C-glucosylxanthones from the stems of Arrabidaea samydoides.
AID1875306	Toxicity in Kunming mouse assessed as induction of adverse effect or tissue damage in major organs measured after 14 days	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1651474	Antiviral activity against ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral adsorption at 3.12 ug/mL preincubated for 30 mins and measured after 1 hr by plaque reduction assay relative to
AID1875308	Toxicity in Kunming mouse assessed as effect on body weight changes measured after 14 days	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1651470	Virucidal activity against ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral inhibition at 25 ug/mL measured after 1 hr by plaque reduction assay relative to control
AID1213849	MRT(0 to t) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213848	AUC(0 to infinity) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1651459	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based plaque reduction assay
AID1875282	Inhibition of MMP9 in human U2OS cells by peptide microarray-based fluorescence assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID417656	Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase by fluorimetry	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 17, Issue:7	Characteristic of neuraminidase inhibitory xanthones from Cudrania tricuspidata.
AID1213874	Drug metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat plasma assessed as 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone metabolite formation at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1651464	Antiviral activity against ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as suppression of viral replication by measuring reduction in ICP4 production at 12.5 ug/ml measured after 24 hrs by immunofluorescenc
AID1193499	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound simulated intestinal fluid at pH 6.8 at RT after 24 hrs by shake-flask method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1651489	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in male Balb/c mouse assessed as change in dermis thickness at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 10 post infection by H and E
AID696067	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as collagen/epinephrine-induced closure time at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by PFA-100 platelet function method (Rvb = 168 sec)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID1651473	Antiviral activity against ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral adsorption at 25 ug/mL preincubated for 30 mins and measured after 1 hr by plaque reduction assay
AID1213880	Drug excretion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat feces assessed as unchanged drug level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213856	Drug excretion in conventional Wistar rat urine assessed as norathyriol metabolite level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213838	Elimination half life in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID696069	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as collagen-induced AUC of platelets adhering at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by multiplate electrical impedance aggregometry (Rvb = 60 10'1 AU.min)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID1213836	Cmax in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1651484	Toxicity in Balb/c mouse infected with ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 assessed as death at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 10 post infection
AID1651487	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in male Balb/c mouse assessed as change in epidermis thickness at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 10 post infection by H
AID1651486	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in female Balb/c mouse assessed as change in dermis thickness at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 10 post infection by H a
AID1193494	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound in simulated gastric fluid at pH 1.2 at RT after 4 hrs by 96 well plate method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID436312	Antioxidant activity assessed as ratio of drug concentration to DPPH concentration causing 50% DPPH radical scavenging activity by TLC assay	2008	Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 71, Issue:11	Antioxidant C-glucosylxanthones from the leaves of Arrabidaea patellifera.
AID1213870	Drug excretion in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat feces assessed as norathyriol metabolite level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1129835	Inhibition of His-6-tagged Coxsackievirus B3 3C protease expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using Asp-Glu-EDANS-(5-((2-aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid)-MSAIFQGPISK-DABCYL (4-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)azo)benzoic acid) as peptide substrat	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Benzophenone C-glucosides and gallotannins from mango tree stem bark with broad-spectrum anti-viral activity.
AID1213854	Drug metabolism in conventional Wistar rat plasma assessed as 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone metabolite formation at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213877	Drug excretion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat urine assessed as norathyriol metabolite level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213839	AUC(0 to t) in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213834	MRT(0 to infinity) in conventional Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213831	AUC(0 to t) in conventional Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213867	Drug excretion in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat urine assessed as norathyriol metabolite level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID696066	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as ollagen/ADP-induced closure time at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by PFA-100 platelet function method (Rvb = 119 sec)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID410031	Inhibition of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase	2008	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 18, Issue:23	Pterocarpans and flavanones from Sophora flavescens displaying potent neuraminidase inhibition.
AID1357643	Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3L1 cells at 50 uM after 24 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Lipid reducing activity and toxicity profiles of a library of polyphenol derivatives.
AID1213853	Drug metabolism in conventional Wistar rat plasma assessed as norathyriol metabolite formation at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID775267	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs by Griess assay	2013	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21	Inhibitory constituents from the aerial parts of Polygala tenuifolia on LPS-induced NO production in BV2 microglia cells.
AID1213840	AUC(0 to infinity) in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID696071	Antiplatelet aggregatory activity in human whole blood assessed as ADP/prostaglandin E1-induced AUC of platelets adhering at 6.25 x 10'-4 M by multiplate electrical impedance aggregometry (Rvb = 46 10'1 AU.min)	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID1651466	Antiviral activity against ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in female Balb/c mouse assessed as reduction in ulcerated lesion at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 2 to day 7 post infecti
AID1651468	Antiviral activity against ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in male Balb/c mouse assessed as reduction in vesicles at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 2 post infection
AID1651455	Antiviral activity against ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection at 3.12 ug/ml measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based plaque reduction assay relative
AID1651460	Antiviral activity against ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based plaque reduction assay
AID1213825	Drug recovery in Wistar rat plasma at 100 ng/ml by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213850	MRT(0 to infinity) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1357644	Cytotoxicity against mouse 3T3L1 cells at 50 uM after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-10, Volume: 151	Lipid reducing activity and toxicity profiles of a library of polyphenol derivatives.
AID1656441	Potency index, ratio of Silymarin IC50 to test compound IC50 for beta-glucuronidase (unknown origin)	2020	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 187	Therapeutic significance of β-glucuronidase activity and its inhibitors: A review.
AID1875267	Toxicity in human HCT-116 cells assessed as cell viability at 2.5 umol/L incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1213876	Drug excretion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat urine assessed as unchanged drug level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213829	Tmax in conventional Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1129834	Inhibition of Influenza A virus (A/RI/5+/1957(H2N2)) recombinant neuraminidase using MUNANA as substrate after 30 mins	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 22, Issue:7	Benzophenone C-glucosides and gallotannins from mango tree stem bark with broad-spectrum anti-viral activity.
AID1651481	Toxicity in Balb/c mouse infected with ACV-sensitive Herpes simplex virus 1 KOS assessed as effect on body weight at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days measured on day 10 post infection
AID1651450	Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
AID1213826	Drug recovery in Wistar rat plasma at 500 ng/ml by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213884	Drug retention time in Wistar rat by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213868	Drug excretion in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat urine assessed as 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone metabolite level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213855	Drug excretion in conventional Wistar rat urine assessed as unchanged drug level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1651471	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral adsorption at 12.5 ug/mL preincubated for 30 mins and measured after 1 hr by plaque reduction assay relative
AID1213837	Tmax in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1651452	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral infection at 6.25 ug/ml measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet staining based plaque reduction assay relativ
AID1651465	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in female Balb/c mouse assessed as reduction in skin lesion at 0.7% w/w applied topically 5 times a day at 3 hrs interval for 10 days
AID1213833	MRT(0 to t) in conventional Wistar rat at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1213869	Drug excretion in pseudo-germ free Wistar rat feces assessed as unchanged drug level at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1193498	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound simulated gastric fluid at pH 1.2 at RT after 24 hrs by shake-flask method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1651472	Antiviral activity against ACV-resistant Herpes simplex virus 1 AR-29 infected in African green monkey Vero cells assessed as inhibition of viral adsorption at 25 ug/mL preincubated for 30 mins and measured after 1 hr by plaque reduction assay relative to
AID1193497	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound PBS at pH 7.4 at RT after 24 hrs by shake-flask method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1875299	Antitumor activity against human U2OS cells xenografted in NOD/SCID mouse assessed as inhibition of tumor growth at 30 ug, iv dosed once every 2 days for 6 days successively relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1875293	Antitumor activity against human U2OS cells xenografted in NOD/SCID mouse assessed as inhibition of growth of both primary and metastatic tumors at 30 ug, iv dosed once every 2 days for 6 days successively relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1213885	Stability in Wistar rat plasma measured for 24 hrs at room temperature by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1875274	Inhibition of MMP1 in human U2OS cells at 5 umol/L by peptide microarray-based fluorescence assay	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1213887	Stability in Wistar rat plasma measured after storage at -80 degC for 20 days by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID395316	Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi recombinant glycosomal GAPDH expressed in Escherichia coli by spectrophotometry	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 17, Issue:6	Discovery of novel Trypanosoma cruzi glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors.
AID696043	Anticoagulant activity in human plasma assessed as effect on thrombin time at 5 x 10'-3 M by coagulometer analysis	2011	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-11, Volume: 54, Issue:15	Polysulfated xanthones: multipathway development of a new generation of dual anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents.
AID1875294	Antitumor activity against human U2OS cells xenografted in NOD/SCID mouse assessed as inhibition of distant organ metastasis at 30 ug, iv dosed once every 2 days for 6 days successively relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1213873	Drug metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rat plasma assessed as norathyriol metabolite formation at 400 mg/kg, po administered as single dose by HPLC-DAD analysis	2012	Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, Nov, Volume: 40, Issue:11	Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of mangiferin in conventional rats, pseudo-germ-free rats, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
AID1193496	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility, log S of the compound in water at RT after 24 hrs by shake-flask method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7	Thermodynamic equilibrium solubility measurements in simulated fluids by 96-well plate method in early drug discovery.
AID1875302	Antitumor activity against human U2OS cells xenografted in NOD/SCID mouse assessed as time duration with 100% survival with at 30 ug, iv dosed once every 2 days for 6 days successively relative to control	2022	Journal of natural products, 10-28, Volume: 85, Issue:10	Discovery of Phenolic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors by Peptide Microarray for Osteosarcoma Treatment.
AID1542231	Inhibition of recombinant C-terminal 6xHis-tagged MTH1 (3 to 156 residues) (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells using dGTP as substrate measured after 30 mins by malachite green dye based inorganic phosphatase coupled absorbance	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-01, Volume: 167	Discovery of a new class of MTH1 inhibitor by X-ray crystallographic screening.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	4 (0.72)	18.7374
1990's	18 (3.24)	18.2507
2000's	111 (19.96)	29.6817
2010's	318 (57.19)	24.3611
2020's	105 (18.88)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	4 (0.70%)	5.53%
Reviews	36 (6.33%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	529 (92.97%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	2.01	1	0	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.	3.5	1	1	3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body	metabolite
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.07	1	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.42	2	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
carnitine [no description available]	3.5	1	1	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
choline [no description available]	2.6	1	0	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.46	2	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.05	1	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	3.96	3	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	2.13	1	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	3.31	6	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	3.5	1	1	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	2.1	1	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.97	2	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.08	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2.52	2	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
pyruvaldehyde Pyruvaldehyde: An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.. methylglyoxal : A 2-oxo aldehyde derived from propanal.	2.08	1	0	2-oxo aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.81	3	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	2.21	1	0	cyclitol; hexol
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	2.31	1	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	2	1	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.17	5	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.06	1	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.61	2	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenol [no description available]	2.02	1	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.6	1	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	2.11	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	2.1	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.03	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
taurine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	2.6	1	0	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
trimethylamine [no description available]	7.6	1	0	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	3.5	7	0	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.05	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	2.58	2	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine: mutagen from fried ground beef; structure given in first source. PhIP : An imidazopyridine that is 1H--imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at positions 1, 2, and 6 by methyl, amino, and phenyl groups, respectively. It is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines found in cooked meat and fish.	2.31	1	0	imidazopyridine; primary amino compound	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
3-nitropropionic acid 3-nitropropionic acid: succinate dehydrogenase inactivator; biosynthesized by FABACEAE plants from ASPARAGINE. 3-nitropropanoic acid : A C-nitro compound that is propanoic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.25	1	0	C-nitro compound	antimycobacterial drug; EC 1.3.5.1 [succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; mycotoxin; neurotoxin
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	2.6	1	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	2.1	1	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenytoin [no description available]	1.95	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
7-nitroindazole 7-nitroindazole: an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; exhibits anti-nociceptive activity without increasing blood pressure	7.41	1	0
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	7.55	2	0	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
albendazole [no description available]	2.11	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.08	1	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position.	3.35	1	0	dibenzooxazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor
anastrozole [no description available]	2.11	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.75	3	0	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	2.73	3	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	1.98	1	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berberine [no description available]	3.14	5	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
caffeine [no description available]	2.21	1	0	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	2.11	1	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively.	2.11	1	0	ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines	anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	2.04	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.	7.17	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm.	2.11	1	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound	muscle relaxant; sedative
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	2.11	1	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.11	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	1.95	1	0	primary amine
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	2.13	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.05	1	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.1	1	0	benzophenones	photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
embelin embelin: from Embelia fruit (Myrsinaceae). embelin : A member of the class of dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones that is 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone which is substituted by an undecyl group at position 3. Isolated from Lysimachia punctata and Embelia ribes, it exhibits antimicrobial, antineoplastic and inhibitory activity towards hepatitis C protease.	2.11	1	0	dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.11	1	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.13	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion.	7.63	2	0	N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	2.08	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	1.95	1	0	barbiturates
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.11	1	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	7.97	4	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	7.17	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.11	1	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	3.3	6	0	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	7.07	1	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.11	1	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders.	2.11	1	0	benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	7.86	3	0	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.43	2	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.11	1	0	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	2.11	1	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.52	2	0	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
oxonic acid Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.	3.2	5	0	1,3,5-triazines; monocarboxylic acid
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.55	2	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.42	2	0	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
tinidazole Tinidazole: A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections.. tinidazole : 1H-imidazole substituted at C-1 by a (2-ethylsulfonyl)ethyl group, at C-2 by a methyl group and at C-5 by a nitro group. It is used as an antiprotozoal, antibacterial agent.	2.11	1	0	imidazoles	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2	1	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
trigonelline trigonelline: in hydra among other organisms; RN given refers to hydroxide inner salt; structure. N-methylnicotinic acid : A pyridinium ion consisting of nicotinic acid having a methyl substituent on the pyridine nitrogen.. N-methylnicotinate : An iminium betaine that is the conjugate base of N-methylnicotinic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.13	1	0	alkaloid; iminium betaine	food component; human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite
xanthurenic acid xanthurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-4 and C-8.	2.21	1	0	dihydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	animal metabolite; iron chelator; metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist; vesicular glutamate transport inhibitor
corticosterone [no description available]	7.51	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	2.47	2	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.	7.21	1	0	pyrimidone	hyperglycemic agent; metabolite
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.58	2	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	3.35	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	2.21	1	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.6	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	7.9	2	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	2.25	1	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.72	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	2.02	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	2.11	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.21	1	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.03	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	2.06	1	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.11	1	0	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	2.43	2	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
sodium citrate, anhydrous Sodium Citrate: Sodium salts of citric acid that are used as buffers and food preservatives. They are used medically as anticoagulants in stored blood, and for urine alkalization in the prevention of KIDNEY STONES.. sodium citrate : The trisodium salt of citric acid.	2.02	1	0	organic sodium salt	anticoagulant; flavouring agent
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	1.99	1	0	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	2.17	1	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.53	2	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
quinic acid (-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.	2.13	1	0
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	7.1	1	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
xanthone xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.	5.01	11	0	xanthones	insecticide
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.08	1	0	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	6.74	45	0	xanthene
acrolein [no description available]	2.44	2	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
di-tert-butyl peroxide tert-butyl peroxide: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
carbitol carbitol: used as lubricating oil & in braking fluid, structure. diethylene glycol monoethyl ether : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a 2-ethoxyethoxy group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	diether; glycol ether; hydroxypolyether; primary alcohol	protic solvent
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	2.31	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.6	1	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	3.7	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	8.53	8	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.07	1	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
paraoxon [no description available]	2.15	1	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available]	3.66	2	0	cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	immunomodulator; plant metabolite
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.93	4	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.31	6	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	7.6	1	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	4.39	19	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.52	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	2.71	3	0	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.11	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
Berberine chloride (TN) [no description available]	2.11	1	0	organic molecular entity
nitrosobenzylmethylamine nitrosobenzylmethylamine: structure	2.06	1	0
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.03	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	9.08	4	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	3.04	4	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	7.1	1	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
palmatine burasaine: structure in first source	2.41	2	0	berberine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	plant metabolite
streptomycin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	2.02	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
octylmethoxycinnamate octylmethoxycinnamate: a sunscreen used for prevention of DNA photodamage	2.11	1	0	cinnamate ester
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	3.07	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
octocrylene [no description available]	2.11	1	0	diarylmethane
bonafton bonafton: for prevention of influenza & respiratory diseases; Russian drug; structure	3.07	1	0
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	2.02	1	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	7.07	1	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	7.13	1	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	2.11	1	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	4.31	3	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	2.11	1	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	2.17	1	0	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	2.78	3	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	2.02	1	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	2.17	1	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
sodium sulfate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.46	2	0	cadmium coordination entity
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.96	4	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
fluorides [no description available]	2.31	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
chromium chromium hexavalent ion: a human respiratory carcinogen	2.11	1	0	chromium cation; monoatomic hexacation
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	3.35	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.	7.41	1	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.85	3	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	2	1	0
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	2.13	1	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.51	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	3.07	1	0	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	7.03	1	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.42	2	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	7.31	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
avobenzone [no description available]	7.11	1	0	dihydrochalcones
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	2.11	1	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.13	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.	2.11	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
zanamivir Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.	2.1	1	0	guanidines	antiviral agent; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	7.08	1	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
ferric citrate ferric citrate: RN given refers to Fe(+3)[1:1] salt. iron(III) citrate : An iron chelate resulting from the combination of iron(3+) and citrate(3-).	2.03	1	0	iron chelate	anti-anaemic agent; nutraceutical
terfenadine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	diarylmethane
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	4.88	33	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
arctigenin arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants	2.13	1	0	lignan
baicalin [no description available]	6.99	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.73	3	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.1	1	0	gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger
glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.	2.46	2	0	glutathione derivative; organic disulfide	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.11	1	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	2.07	1	0	1,2,3-triazole
phenylacetylglycine phenylacetylglycine : A N-acylglycine that is glycine substituted on nitrogen with a phenylacetyl group.	2.21	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; N-acylglycine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
maclurin maclurin: from Maclura pomifera; composed of two isoforms (isolectins); some sequence similarity to jacalin; potent non-specific blood-group hemagglutinin; do not confuse with dye of the same name	2.08	1	0	benzophenones
2-Methoxyxanthone [no description available]	2.17	1	0	xanthones
tocophersolan tocophersolan: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.52	2	0	tocol
aceclofenac [no description available]	2.11	1	0	amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
epicatechin (-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.01	1	0	catechin; polyphenol	antioxidant
gallocatechol (-)-epigallocatechin : A flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol having (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.01	1	0	catechin; flavan-3,3',4',5,5',7-hexol	antioxidant; food component; plant metabolite
vexibinol vexibinol: flavanol from Sophora; structure in first source; RN given refers to (S-(R,S))-isomer. sophoraflavanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'.	2.04	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone	antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
beta-amyrin beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.	2.44	2	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; plant metabolite
tingenin b tingenin B: isolated from Glyptopetalum sclerocarpaum; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (20beta,22beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 11/90; RN is for tingenin A (8/2001)	2.01	1	0
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.99	4	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
tamiflu [no description available]	2.1	1	0	phosphate salt
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.11	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
gentiopicroside gentiopicroside: a secoiridoid in Gentiana with rearrangement to two pyran rings	8.13	5	0	glycoside
friedelin 3-friedelanone: from the stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis; structure in first source. friedelin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork.	2.44	2	0	cyclic terpene ketone; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; plant metabolite
inermin inermin: phytoalexin produced in plants after injection with fungi; RN given refers to (cis-(+-))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (-)-maackiain : The (-)-enantiomer of maackiain.	2.04	1	0	maackiain
sarsasapogenin [no description available]	2.47	2	0	sapogenin
taraxerol taraxerol: structure. taraxerol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanan-3-ol lacking the methyl group at position 14, with an alpha-methyl substituent at position 13 and a double bond between positions 14 and 15.	1.98	1	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	metabolite
diploptene diploptene: biosynthesized in a cell-free system from Acetobacter pasteurianum in the presence of squalene. hop-22(29)-ene : A triterpene consisting of hopane having a C=C double bond at the 22(29)-position.	2.21	1	0	triterpene
7-amino-4-methylcoumarin 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.21	1	0	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	2.1	1	0
methyl methanethiosulfinate methyl methanethiosulfinate: structure in first source; a metabolite of S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide	3.35	1	0	sulfur oxoacid derivative
tingenone tingenone: quinonoid triterpene isolated from Euonymus tingens	2.01	1	0
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	3.21	1	0	proanthocyanidin
epicatechin gallate epicatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor; RN given refers to the (cis)-isomer; structure given in first source; isolated from green tea. (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of epicatechin. A natural product found in Parapiptadenia rigida.	2.07	1	0	catechin; gallate ester; polyphenol	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	2.07	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
proanthocyanidin proanthocyanidin: RN given refers to proanthocyanidin A; Cannabinoid Receptor CB1 antagonist. proanthocyanidin : A flavonoid oligomer obtained by the the condensation of two or more units of hydroxyflavans.	3.21	1	0
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	1.99	1	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	2.05	1	0
homoorientin homoorientin: isolated from Swertia japonica; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0	flavone C-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; radical scavenger
liquiritigenin liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium. 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.. liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta.	3.51	1	0	4',7-dihydroxyflavanone	hormone agonist; plant metabolite
amarogentin amarogentin: secoiridoid glycoside. amarogentin : A secoiridoid glycoside that consists of (4aS,5R,6R)-5-ethenyl-6-hydroxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one having a 2-O-[(3,3',5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl group attached at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.47	7	0	monosaccharide derivative; secoiridoid glycoside	EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; metabolite
marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide.	3.51	1	0	hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor
saccharolactone saccharolactone: used as index for assessing induction of hepatic enzymes by anticonvulsants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. D-glucaro-1,4-lactone : A delta-lactone that is D-glucono-1,4-lactone in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been oxidised to the corresponding carboxylic acid.	3.35	1	0	aldarolactone; delta-lactone
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.02	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
solutol hs 15 Solutol HS 15: multidrug resistance modification agent in tumor cells; polyoxyethylene esters of 12-hydroxystearic acid; previous RN 105109-85-1	2.05	1	0	aliphatic alcohol
methotrexate [no description available]	3.01	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	2.11	1	0	D-xylose
sinensetin sinensetin: isolated from citrus fruit; exhibit antiadhesive action on platelets. sinensetin : A pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	3.51	1	0	pentamethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
docetaxel [no description available]	2.11	1	0	hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent
spinosin spinosin: isolated from seeds of Ziziph spinosa; structure given in first source. spinosin : A flavone C-glycoside that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4', a methoxy group at position 7 and a 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 6 via a C-glycosidic linkage.	7.07	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; flavone C-glycoside; monomethoxyflavone	anxiolytic drug; plant metabolite
wilforlide a wilforlide A: form Tripterygium regelii; Chinese medicinal plant extract	2.05	1	0
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	1.98	1	0
isolariciresinol isolariciresinol: RN given refers to ((1-S-(1alpha,2beta,3alpha))-isomer); structure given in first source. (+)-isolariciresinol : A lignan that is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol substituted by hydroxymethyl groups at positions 6 and 7, a methoxy group at position 3 and a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 8. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.	2.01	1	0	guaiacols; lignan; polyphenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
sweroside [no description available]	2.03	1	0	glycoside
methylinositol methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol.	2.21	1	0
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	2.03	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
maytenonic acid maytenonic acid: triterpene from Maytenus senegalensis	2.01	1	0	triterpenoid	metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.07	1	0
kutkoside kutkoside: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	3.51	1	0	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
fe(iii)-edta Fe(III)-EDTA: iron fortifying agent; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	iron coordination entity
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	7.6	1	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively.	2.08	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human blood serum metabolite
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.02	1	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
5-hydroxymethylfurfural 5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.	2.03	1	0	arenecarbaldehyde; furans; primary alcohol	indicator; Maillard reaction product
lupeol [no description available]	2.78	3	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite
4-methoxyxanthone 4-methoxyxanthone: a vasodilator; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
gentianine gentianine: from Gentiana macrophylla	2.07	1	0	lactone; pyranopyridine; pyridine alkaloid
8-deoxygartanin 8-deoxygartanin: a butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor; isolated from Garcinia mangostana; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	xanthones
methylmercuric chloride methylmercuric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.06	1	0	chlorine molecular entity; mercury coordination entity; one-carbon compound
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.69	2	0
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	2.13	1	0	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	2.79	3	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.42	2	0	taxifolin	metabolite
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
swertiamarin swertiamarin: seco-iridoid glucoside from Swertia japonica;	3.54	8	0	glycoside
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.	3.35	1	0	beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
ononin [no description available]	3.51	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
trifolirhizin trifolirhizin: from Sophora flavescens; has inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis; structure in first source	2.04	1	0	pterocarpans
theogallin theogallin: structure in first source. theogallin : A gallate ester resulting from the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (5R)-hydroxy group of (-)-quinic acid (i.e. the hydroxy group on the same side of the cyclohexane ring as the carboxy group).	2.1	1	0	gallate ester; monocarboxylic acid; tertiary alcohol
fluticasone propionate fluticasone propionate : A trifluorinated corticosteroid that consists of 6alpha,9-difluoro-11beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-17beta-{[(fluoromethyl)sulfanyl]carbonyl}-16-methyl-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene bearing a propionyl substituent at position 17; has anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic activity.	2.11	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; propanoate ester; steroid ester; thioester	adrenergic agent; anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; dermatologic drug
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.76	3	0	cyclodextrin
acarbose [no description available]	2.08	1	0	amino cyclitol; glycoside
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.02	1	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.02	1	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	3.19	5	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	3	4	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.31	1	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
violaxanthin violaxanthin: a carotene epoxide that is precursor to capsanthin; one of 3 xanthophylls involved in evolution of plastids of green plants (oxygen evolution); 3 (violaxanthin, zeaxanthin & antheraxanthin) participate in series of photo-induced interconversions known as ''violaxanthin cycle''; structure; cleavage of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoids (violaxanthin) to xanthoxin, catalyzed by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, is the key regulatory step of ABSCISIC ACID biosynthesis. violaxanthin : An epoxycarotenol that is 5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-5,6:5',6'-diepoxy-beta,beta-carotene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 3'. It is the naturally occurring xanthophyll pigment found in a variety of plants.. all-trans-violaxanthin : The all-trans-stereoisomer of violaxanthin.	2.17	1	0	violaxanthin	food colouring
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	3.84	11	0
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	1.98	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.13	1	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
l 743,872 [no description available]	2.31	1	0
laninamivir laninamivir: an antiviral agent	2.1	1	0	acetamides
likviriton liquiritin: isoalted from Glycyrrhizae radix. liquiritin : A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage.	1.98	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavanone glycoside; monohydroxyflavanone; monosaccharide derivative	anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; plant metabolite
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	7.44	2	0	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
glycosides [no description available]	5.27	16	0
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.11	1	0	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	2.13	1	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.46	2	0	stilbene
2,2'-dihydroxychalcone 2,2'-dihydroxychalcone: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source	3.35	1	0
isoliquiritigenin [no description available]	3.51	1	0	chalcones	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	2.04	1	0
1-[4-[(2-methyl-4-quinolinyl)amino]phenyl]ethanone [no description available]	3.35	1	0	aromatic ketone
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	7.58	2	0	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.08	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.	2.15	1	0
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	7.97	4	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.52	2	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
potassium oxonate potassium oxonate: used to induce hyperuricemia in mice	3.2	5	0	organic molecular entity
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.11	1	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
nadp [no description available]	2.44	2	0
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	2.71	3	0
galactaric acid galactaric acid: STRUCTURE; RN given refers to parent cpd. galactaric acid : A hexaric acid resulting from formal oxidative ring cleavage of galactose.	3.35	1	0	hexaric acid	human metabolite
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	2.41	2	0
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	3.36	6	0
galactomannan galactomannan: a galectin inhibitor. galactomannan : A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups.	7.21	1	0	oligosaccharide
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	3.07	1	0
timosaponin b-ii timosaponin B-II: from Anemarrhenae asphodeloides; improved memory and learning dysfunction induced by cerebral ischemia in rats; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	steroid saponin
diclofenac sodium Diclofenac Sodium: The sodium form of DICLOFENAC. It is used for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.. diclofenac sodium : The sodium salt of diclofenac.	2.11	1	0	organic sodium salt
quercetin [no description available]	5.02	12	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.75	3	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	2.45	2	0	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	10.49	4	1	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.49	2	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.02	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	1.99	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	2.01	1	0	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	4.19	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
lipoxin a4 lipoxin A4: an antifibrolytic agent; structure given in first source; a role in ASPIRIN antiinflammatory activity. lipoxin A4 : A C20 hydroxy fatty acid having (5S)-, (6R)- and (15S)-hydroxy groups as well as (7E)- (9E)-, (11Z)- and (13E)-double bonds.	7.05	1	0	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; lipoxin; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	2.1	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.11	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis.	2.11	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen
astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein.	2.11	1	0	carotenol; carotenone	animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite
gardenia yellow gardenia yellow: extract of gardenia fruit; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF. crocin-1 : A diester that is crocetin in which both of the carboxy groups have been converted to their gentiobiosyl esters. It is one of the water-soluble yellow-red pigments of saffron and is used as a spice for flavouring and colouring food. Note that in India, the term 'Crocin' is also used by GlaxoSmithKline as a brand-name for paracetamol.	2.11	1	0	diester; disaccharide derivative; diterpenoid	antioxidant; food colouring; histological dye; plant metabolite
lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.	2.17	1	0	carotenol	food colouring; plant metabolite
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.05	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
euxanthone euxanthone : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1 and 7 and an oxo group at position 9. It has been isolated from Cratoxylum cochinchinense.	2.52	2	0	phenols; xanthones	metabolite; plant metabolite
3-hydroxyblancoxanthone 3-hydroxyblancoxanthone: from the root of Calophyllum blancoi; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	pyranoxanthones
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	2.59	2	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone: isolated from Gentianopsis paludosa. 2-O-methylswertianin : A member of the class of xanthones that is swertianin in which the hydroxy group at position 2 has been replaced by a methoxy group.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; polyphenol; xanthones	plant metabolite
norathyriol norathyriol: from Gentinanaceae; has vasorelaxing action on rat thoracic aorta; structure given in first source. norathyriol : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C.	3.95	12	0	polyphenol; xanthones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; plant metabolite
norswertianolin norswertianolin: RN given refers to beta-D-isomer; from Swertia randaiensis; shows depressant acitivity on cental nervous system. norswertianolin : A beta-D-glucoside that is bellidin in which a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue is attached at position O-8. A natural product found particularly in Gentiana campestris and Gentiana germanica.	2.08	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; xanthones	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite
swerchirin swerchirin: from Swertia tetrapetala Pall; structure given in first source. swerchirin : A member of the class of xanthones that is the 5-O-methyl derivative of bellidifolin. Isolated from Centaurium erythraea and Swertia chirayita, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	hypoglycemic agent; metabolite
kuwanon g kuwanon G: a non-peptide bombesin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (1S-(1alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure given in first source. kuwanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the root barks of Morus alba and has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.	3.35	1	0	resorcinols; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	7.76	3	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
rhamnetin rhamnetin: aglycone of xanthorhamnin; from Rhamnus. rhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position 7.	2.01	1	0	monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; metabolite
scutellarein scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein. scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7.	3.35	1	0	tetrahydroxyflavone	metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	6.99	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
7-hydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone afromosin: structure given in first source; isolated from Wistaria brachybotrys. afrormosin : A 4'-methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 4' and a hydroxy group at position 7.	2.05	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	3.53	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.	2.25	1	0	catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
tectoridin tectoridin: glycosylated tectorigenin. tectoridin : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is tectorigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.35	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; methoxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
astragalin kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.	2.15	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite; trypanocidal drug
terbinafine hydrochloride terbinafine hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of terbinafine with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride.	2.11	1	0	allylamine antifungal drug; hydrochloride	EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.08	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.38	2	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
Cudraflavone A [no description available]	2.05	1	0	extended flavonoid
glycitein glycitein : A methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 and hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4'. It has been isolated from the mycelia of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis.	3.35	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavone; methoxyisoflavone	fungal metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
isomangiferin isomangiferin: structure given in first source. isomangiferin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7 and a 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol moiety at position 1.	3.91	12	0	C-glycosyl compound; polyphenol; xanthones	anti-HSV-1 agent; plant metabolite
licochalcone a licochalcone A: has both anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; structure given in first source; isolated from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata; RN given refers to (E)-isomer	3.51	1	0	chalcones
muromonab-cd3 cudraflavone B: antiproliferative from Cudrania tricuspidata. cudraflavone B : An extended flavonoid that consists of a pyranochromane skeleton that is 2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-6-one substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2, a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 8, a hydroxy group at position 5 and a prenyl group at position 7. Isolated from Morus alba and Morus species it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.	2.05	1	0	extended flavonoid; pyranochromane; trihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite
tiliroside tiliroside: isolated from seeds of Eremocarpus setigerus	2.05	1	0	cinnamate ester; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	2.08	1	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	2.02	1	0
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	2.08	1	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
1-hydroxyxanthone 1-hydroxyxanthone: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
deoxyribose [no description available]	7.03	1	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
gamma-mangostin gamma-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antitumour activity.	2.21	1	0	phenols; xanthones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor
1,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone 1,7-dihydroxy-4-methoxyxanthone : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 7, a methoxy group at position 4 and an oxo group at position 9. It has been isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense.	2.08	1	0	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	metabolite; plant metabolite
1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone: from roots of Cudrania cochinchinensis	2.11	1	0
guajavarin guajavarin: from leaves of Psidium guajava	2.05	1	0
Norartocarpetin [no description available]	3.61	2	0	flavones
1,6-dihydroxyxanthone 1,6-dihydroxyxanthone: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone: from stems of Kielmeyera coriacea; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
naltrindole naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist	2.08	1	0	isoquinolines
3,4-dihydroxy-xanthone 3,4-dihydroxy-xanthone: structure given in first source	2.17	1	0
2',5'-dihydroxychalcone 2',5'-dihydroxychalcone: structure given in first source	3.35	1	0	chalcones
ginkgolide b [no description available]	3.35	1	0
salacinol salacinol: a sulfated thiosugar from Salacia reticulata (CELASTRACEAE); structure in first source	3.21	1	0
hylin [no description available]	2.17	1	0
beta-escin [no description available]	3.34	6	0
roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.	2.11	1	0	roxithromycin	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
neomangiferin neomangiferin: from Anemarrhena asphodeloides; structure in first source	3.77	10	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.79	3	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
rivaroxaban Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.	2.06	1	0	aromatic amide; lactam; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; organochlorine compound; oxazolidinone; thiophenes	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
hirsutanonol hirsutanonol: a diarylheptanoid from the bark of Alnus hirsuta var. sibirica; inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 expression; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone [no description available]	2.54	2	0
cambogin isogarcinol: has immunosuppresant activity; isolated from Garcinia mangostana; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
2,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-9h-xanthen-9-one 2,3,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one: from the root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata; structure in first source. cudratricusxanthone A : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3, 6 and 8, an isoprenyl group at position 1 and a 2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl group at position 5. It is isolated from the root barks of Cudrania tricuspidata and exhibits cytotoxicity towards human cancer cell lines.	2.05	1	0	polyphenol; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite
aspalathin aspalathin: structure in first source. aspalathin : A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is the 2-C-beta-D-glucopyranide of phloroglucinol and which is substituted at position 4 by a 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoyl group. A metabolite of red bush, Aspalathus linearis (and present in the herbal tea made from the leaves), aspalathin exhibits significant hypoglycemic activity.	2.06	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; catechols; dihydrochalcones; polyketide; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
cudraxanthone l cudraxanthone L: from the root bark of Cudrania tricuspidata; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	2.07	1	0
lyoniresinol lyoniresinol: isoalted from the vine stem of Bauhinia championii; structure in first source. (+)-lyoniresinol : A lignan that is tetralin substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy group at position 4, hydroxymethyl groups at positions 2 and 3, methoxy groups at positions 5 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6. Isolated from Machilus robusta and Sinocalamus affinis, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.01	1	0	dimethoxybenzene; lignan; polyphenol; primary alcohol; tetralins	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	2.02	1	0	benzoxazole
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
3-isomangostin 3-isomangostin: structure in first source	2.21	1	0	xanthones
Mangiferonic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	triterpenoid
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.03	1	0	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.06	1	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	7.05	1	0	peptide hormone
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	2.55	2	0
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	1.99	1	0
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.08	1	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
sphingosine kinase [no description available]	7.6	1	0
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	2.05	1	0
2-hydroxyursolic acid 2-hydroxyursolic acid: isolated from the stem bark of Physocarpus intermedius; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
triptotriterpenic acid a triptotriterpenic acid A: from Tripterygium wilfordii; RN given refers to (3beta,22alpha)-isomer; structure given in first source. triptotriterpenic acid A : A pentacyclic triterpenoid with formula C30H48O4, originally isolated from Tripterygium hypoglaucum.	2.01	1	0	diol; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
cudraflavanone a cudraflavanone A: antineoplastic from Cudrania tricuspidata; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	3.44	6	0
oxymatrine oxymatrine: structure in first source; has anti-apoptosis effects	7.03	1	0
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	2.15	1	0
mannans [no description available]	2.21	1	0
kotalanol Kotalanol: a sulfated thiosugar from Salacia plant genus; alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure in first source	3.21	1	0
garcinone c garcinone C: an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; isolated from Garcinia mangostana; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	xanthones
Kushenol A kushenol A: a tyrosinase inhibitor derived from Sophora flavescens	2.04	1	0	flavanones
kurarinol kurarinol: from Sophora flavescens; has inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis; structure in first source. kurarinol : A trihydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7, 2' and 4' , a methoxy group at position 5 and a (2S)-5-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hexyl group at position 8 respectively.	2.04	1	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
leachianone a leachianone A: isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Radix Sophorae; structure in first source. leachianone A : A trihydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by a lavandulyl group at position 8, hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and a methoxy group at position 2'. Isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens and Sophora leachiana, it exhibits antineoplastic and antimalarial activity.	2.04	1	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
b355252 [no description available]	3.35	1	0
anemarsaponin b anemarsaponin B: from Anemarrhena asphodeloides; structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	3.29	6	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
piroxicam [no description available]	2.05	1	0	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis.	2.11	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2.21	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
ent-crizotinib ent-crizotinib : A 3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine that is the (S)-enantiomer of crizotinib.	2.21	1	0	3-[1-(2,6-dichloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethoxy]-5-[1-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrazol-4-yl]pyridin-2-amine
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	3.18	5	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	2.11	1	0
timosaponin aiii timosaponin AIII: nootropic agent from Anemarrhena asphodeloides; structure in first source	2.11	1	0
colistin sulfate [no description available]	2.11	1	0
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.1	1	0
petrosaspongiolide m petrosaspongiolide m: isolated from the caledonian marine sponge Petrosaspongia nigra; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	2.06	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.43	2	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.15	1	0
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	3.49	2	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	7.08	1	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate [no description available]	2.21	1	0	deoxyguanosine phosphate; guanyl deoxyribonucleotide; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	2.11	1	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	3.14	5	0	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-quinazolin-4-one [no description available]	3.35	1	0	quinazolines
aplysinopsin aplysinopsin: antineoplastic tryptophan deriv from Verongia spengetii (marine sponge); structure	2.11	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	1.97	1	0
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	2.06	1	0
n-succinyl-chitosan [no description available]	2.41	1	0
rada16-i RADA16-I: a self-assembling peptide nanomaterial used as a scaffold for bone regeneration; composed of alanine, arginine, and aspartic acid	2.21	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Blood Clot [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	2.06	1	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	5.89	34	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	2.13	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	4.14	5	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	3.33	1	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	3.33	1	0
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.33	1	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	3.28	5	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	5.81	7	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	11.47	13	0
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	5.81	7	1
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	3.28	5	0
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	2.91	3	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	6.28	51	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	7.91	3	0
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	3.08	4	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	3.08	4	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2.31	1	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	4.06	4	0
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	4.06	4	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	2.48	2	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.83	3	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	3.34	6	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	3.34	6	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	4.94	4	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	4.16	5	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	4.16	5	0
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	9.94	4	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	2.87	3	0
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.63	2	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	3.41	6	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	2.6	1	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	2.87	3	0
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.63	2	0
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	3.41	6	0
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.6	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	3.24	5	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	3.24	5	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	3.89	10	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	5.81	30	0
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	5.57	14	1
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	3.89	10	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	5.81	30	0
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	5.57	14	1
Cirrhosis [description not available]	4.33	6	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	3.74	2	0
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	4.33	6	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	3.74	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	7.26	15	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	7.26	15	1
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	5.3	7	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	5.3	7	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.88	3	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.88	3	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	3.07	4	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	3.01	4	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	4.16	5	0
Amentia [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.21	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	4.16	5	0
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	7.21	1	0
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	2.21	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Periimplantitis [description not available]	7.21	1	0
Peri-Implantitis An inflammatory process with loss of supporting bone in the tissues surrounding functioning DENTAL IMPLANTS.	7.21	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	7.25	1	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.25	1	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	2.46	2	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	7.25	1	0
Allodynia [description not available]	3.77	3	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	4.74	4	0
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	4.74	4	0
Edema-Proteinuria-Hypertension Gestosis [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Pre-Eclampsia A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.	7.25	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.66	3	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	4.86	7	1
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	4.86	7	1
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	2.25	1	0
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	2.25	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.69	2	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.25	1	0
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	2.66	2	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.88	3	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.88	3	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.25	1	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	3.89	4	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	3.89	4	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	3.05	4	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	3.05	4	0
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	3.37	6	0
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	2.54	2	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	3.79	3	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	8.79	3	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	3.23	1	0
Candida Infection [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.31	1	0
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	2.31	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	3.44	7	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	3.44	7	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.8	11	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	3.11	4	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	4.26	3	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	3.11	4	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	2.31	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.31	1	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	2.31	1	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	2.31	1	0
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	2.54	2	0
Degenerative Disc Disease [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Degenerative changes in the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC due to aging or structural damage, especially to the vertebral end-plates.	7.31	1	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	3.04	4	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.53	2	0
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	7.81	3	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.52	2	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	2.15	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.5	2	0
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	2.15	1	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.15	1	0
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Blast Injuries Injuries resulting when a person is struck by particles impelled with violent force from an explosion. Blast causes pulmonary concussion and hemorrhage, laceration of other thoracic and abdominal viscera, ruptured ear drums, and minor effects in the central nervous system. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.15	1	0
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	2.15	1	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	3.06	1	0
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	3.06	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	7.15	1	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	2.15	1	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	7.15	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	3.44	7	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.98	4	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	2.52	2	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	7.17	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.85	3	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	2.85	3	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	2.54	2	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.52	2	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	2.54	2	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	2.59	2	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	7.49	2	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.8	3	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	7.17	1	0
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	2.17	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).	7.17	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	3.63	3	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	8.63	3	0
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	2.21	1	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	7.21	1	0
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	2.21	1	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	2.21	1	0
Allergy, Egg [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	2.8	3	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	2.8	3	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	2.48	2	0
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	2.52	2	0
Ache [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	7.08	1	0
Left Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.	2.08	1	0
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.	2.51	2	0
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Hepatic Insufficiency Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.	2.1	1	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	2.1	1	0
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	2.5	2	0
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Pulmonary Eosinophilia A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.	2.1	1	0
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	7.52	2	0
Chronic Bronchitis [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Bronchitis, Chronic A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis.	2.48	2	0
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	7.1	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	7.1	1	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.1	1	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	7.52	2	0
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	7.1	1	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	2.1	1	0
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Enterocolitis Inflammation of the MUCOSA of both the SMALL INTESTINE and the LARGE INTESTINE. Etiology includes ISCHEMIA, infections, allergic, and immune responses.	2.11	1	0
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	2.11	1	0
Ileus A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.	7.11	1	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.49	2	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	7.11	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	7.48	2	0
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	8.5	1	1
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	7.75	3	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.75	3	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	2.13	1	0
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	2.13	1	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	2.46	2	0
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	7.5	2	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	4.21	3	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	4.21	3	0
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	2.13	1	0
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.13	1	0
Pericementitis [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	7.77	3	0
Metastase [description not available]	3.04	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	3.04	1	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Mastitis INFLAMMATION of the BREAST, or MAMMARY GLAND.	7.15	1	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	7.71	3	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	2.15	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.15	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	2.05	1	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	2.05	1	0
Itching [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	7.05	1	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	2.05	1	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES.	2.06	1	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	2.05	1	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	2.06	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Esophageal Diseases Pathological processes in the ESOPHAGUS.	2.06	1	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.06	1	0
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.43	2	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	7.48	2	0
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	2.48	2	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	2.06	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	2.06	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	2.07	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	2.07	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	2.07	1	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.48	2	0
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	2.07	1	0
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	2.07	1	0
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	2.07	1	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	7.07	1	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	2.08	1	0
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	2.08	1	0
Poisoning, Lead [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Lead Poisoning Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of LEAD or lead compounds.	2.08	1	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Human Trichinellosis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	2.42	2	0
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.	2.01	1	0
Anasarca [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.02	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.02	1	0
Protozoan Infections, Animal Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.	2.02	1	0
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	2.02	1	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	2.02	1	0
Endomyocardial Fibrosis A condition characterized by the thickening of the ventricular ENDOCARDIUM and subendocardium (MYOCARDIUM), seen mostly in children and young adults in the TROPICAL CLIMATE. The fibrous tissue extends from the apex toward and often involves the HEART VALVES causing restrictive blood flow into the respective ventricles (CARDIOMYOPATHY, RESTRICTIVE).	2.02	1	0
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	2.02	1	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.02	1	0
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	2.02	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	2.02	1	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	2.03	1	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	2.03	1	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	2.03	1	0
Iron Metabolism Disorders Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)	2.03	1	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	2.04	1	0
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	2.04	1	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	2.04	1	0
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	2.4	2	0
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	2.4	2	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	2	1	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	2	1	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2	1	0
Furrow Keratitis [description not available]	1.97	1	0

mangiferin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (63)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (5)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (36)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (10)

Bioassays (165)

Research

Studies (556)

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Research Demand Index: 50.51

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mangiferin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (63)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (2)

Protein Targets (5)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (36)

Molecular Functions (13)

Ceullar Components (10)

Bioassays (165)

Research

Studies (556)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 50.51

Study Types

Related Drugs (428)

Related Conditions (338)