cyclo(prolylglycyl)

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

cyclo(prolylglycyl): RN given is for 17O-labeled cpd [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	126154
CHEMBL ID	360216
SCHEMBL ID	4247464
MeSH ID	M0172340

Synonyms (51)

Synonym
smr000386902
MLS001049064
97011-16-0
gio ,
cyclo-(glycine-l-proline) inhibitor
(8ar)-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
(s)-hexahydropyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-1,4-dione-4-17o
DB04541
1W1P
cyclo(pro-o-gly)
cyclo(prolylglycyl)
CGP ,
3705-27-9
(8as)-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
(8as)-2,3,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
traneurocin
cyclic glycine-proline
CHEMBL360216
na 831
na831
na-831
NCGC00246192-01
AKOS006273250
cyclo(-gly-pro)
MLS004714430
HMS2270J17
unii-w7o69j5f2b
pyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-1,4-dione-4-17o, hexahydro-, (s)-
w7o69j5f2b ,
pyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-1,4-dione-4-170, hexahydro-, (s)-
cyclo-glycyl-l-proline
cyclo-gp
cyclo-gly-pro
(s)-hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
OWOHLURDBZHNGG-YFKPBYRVSA-N
SCHEMBL4247464
(8as)-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]piperazine-1,4-dione
AC-31820
1,4-dioxo
1-hydroxy-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-4(3h)-one
DTXSID60914215
CS-0053108
na 831 [who-dd]
(r,s)-hexahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione
AS-34882
Q27095302
SB11360
AMY5682
STL570274
EN300-7691430
Z1198149427

Research Excerpts

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Cyclic-glycine-proline (cGP), a metabolite of IGF-1, normalizes IGF-1 function under pathological conditions by regulating the bioavailability of IGF-1."	( Cyclic-glycine-proline accelerates mammary involution by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting IGF-1 function. Guan, J; McMahon, CD; Singh, K; Singh-Mallah, G, 2017)	0.46
" As a neuropeptide, cyclic glycine-proline (cGP) improves IGF-1 function in brain and regulates IGF-1 bioavailability in plasma."	( Cyclic glycine-proline administration normalizes high-fat diet-induced synaptophysin expression in obese rats. Guan, J; Harris, PWR; Li, F; Liu, K; Vickers, MH; Wang, A, 2019)	0.51
" It involves receptor-mediated mechanisms, for example, N-a-PGP acts as CXCR1/2 receptor ligand, whereas cGP regulates IGF-1 bioavailability by modifying the IGF-1 binding to the IGF-1 binding protein-3."	( Proline-containing peptides-New insight and implications: A Review. Miltyk, W; Misiura, M, 2019)	0.51
" Thus, cGP and IGFBP-3 collectively regulate the bioavailability of IGF-1."	( Cyclic Glycine-Proline (cGP) Normalises Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) Function: Clinical Significance in the Ageing Brain and in Age-Related Neurological Conditions. Anderson, T; Dalrymple-Alford, J; Guan, J; Kang, D; Li, F; Pitcher, T; Shorten, P; Singh-Mallah, G, 2023)	0.91

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (29)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1265333	Inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha mRNA level in mouse RAW264.7 cells in presence of 1 ug/ml LPS for 6 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Attenuation of TNF-α secretion by L-proline-based cyclic dipeptides produced by culture broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID1265334	Toxicity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as effect on NO production by Griess method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Attenuation of TNF-α secretion by L-proline-based cyclic dipeptides produced by culture broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID403316	Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cyclic peptides from a Ruegeria strain of bacteria associated with the sponge Suberites domuncula.
AID1265327	Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-6 mRNA level in mouse RAW264.7 cells in presence of 1 ug/ml LPS for 6 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Attenuation of TNF-α secretion by L-proline-based cyclic dipeptides produced by culture broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID1082823	Toxicity in Artemia salina (brine shrimp) at 28 degC after 48 hr	2012	Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Apr-04, Volume: 60, Issue:13	Metabolites from Aspergillus fumigatus, an endophytic fungus associated with Melia azedarach, and their antifungal, antifeedant, and toxic activities.
AID403315	Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cyclic peptides from a Ruegeria strain of bacteria associated with the sponge Suberites domuncula.
AID403317	Antimicrobial activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cyclic peptides from a Ruegeria strain of bacteria associated with the sponge Suberites domuncula.
AID1265326	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability pretreated at 50 uM for 1 hr followed by addition of LPS incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Attenuation of TNF-α secretion by L-proline-based cyclic dipeptides produced by culture broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID659559	Induction of IFN-gamma secretion in mouse J774A1 cells at 5 ug/mL after 48 hrs by ELISA relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 22, Issue:9	The effects of diketopiperazines from Callyspongia sp. on release of cytokines and chemokines in cultured J774A.1 macrophages.
AID252783	Cell aggregates after incubation of compound with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as measure of chitinase inhibitory activity	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-04, Volume: 47, Issue:23	Structure-based exploration of cyclic dipeptide chitinase inhibitors.
AID1265335	Toxicity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as effect on TNF-alpha mRNA level by qRT-PCR analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Attenuation of TNF-α secretion by L-proline-based cyclic dipeptides produced by culture broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID659558	Induction of IL10 secretion in mouse J774A1 cells at 5 ug/mL after 48 hrs by ELISA relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 22, Issue:9	The effects of diketopiperazines from Callyspongia sp. on release of cytokines and chemokines in cultured J774A.1 macrophages.
AID1265332	Inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in mouse RAW264.7 cells at 100 ug/ml cotreated with 1 ug/ml LPS for 16 hrs by Griess reagent method	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Attenuation of TNF-α secretion by L-proline-based cyclic dipeptides produced by culture broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID1265330	Inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in mouse RAW264.7 cells pretreated with compound for 1 hr followed by addition of 1 ug/ml LPS for 6 hrs by ELISA	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Attenuation of TNF-α secretion by L-proline-based cyclic dipeptides produced by culture broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
AID252784	Cell aggregates after mild sonication of compound with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as measure of chitinase inhibitory activity	2004	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-04, Volume: 47, Issue:23	Structure-based exploration of cyclic dipeptide chitinase inhibitors.
AID659561	Induction of TNF-alpha secretion in mouse J774A1 cells at 5 ug/mL after 48 hrs by ELISA relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 22, Issue:9	The effects of diketopiperazines from Callyspongia sp. on release of cytokines and chemokines in cultured J774A.1 macrophages.
AID659560	Induction of MCP-1 secretion in mouse J774A1 cells at 5 ug/mL after 48 hrs by ELISA relative to control	2012	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 22, Issue:9	The effects of diketopiperazines from Callyspongia sp. on release of cytokines and chemokines in cultured J774A.1 macrophages.
AID1265328	Inhibition of LPS-induced IL-1beta mRNA level in mouse RAW264.7 cells in presence of 1 ug/ml LPS for 6 hrs by qRT-PCR analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 25, Issue:24	Attenuation of TNF-α secretion by L-proline-based cyclic dipeptides produced by culture broth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (45)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	1 (2.22)	18.7374
1990's	3 (6.67)	18.2507
2000's	8 (17.78)	29.6817
2010's	23 (51.11)	24.3611
2020's	10 (22.22)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.38

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	11.38 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	3.89 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	5.28 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.38)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	2 (4.17%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	46 (95.83%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
glycine [no description available]	3.12	5	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	2.07	1	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.41	1	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	2.41	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
staurosporine aglycone staurosporine aglycone: metabolite from culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp.; a neurotrophin antag; inhibits BDNF TrkB receptor	2.25	1
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	2.5	2	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
piracetam Piracetam: A compound suggested to be both a nootropic and a neuroprotective agent.	2.74	3	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.13	1	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	2.11	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.05	1	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	2.25	1	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.13	1	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	2.13	1	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
hymexazol hymexazol: a chemical used to sterilize soil; structure in first source. hymexazol : A member of the class of isoxazoles carrying hydroxy and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 5 respectively. It is used worldwide as a systemic soil and seed fungicide for the control of diseases caused by Fusarium, Aphanomyces, Pythium, and Corticium spp. in rice, sugarbeet, fodderbeet, vegetables, cucurbits, and ornamentals.	2.07	1	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; isoxazoles	antifungal agrochemical
carbendazim carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure. carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables.	2.07	1	benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.53	2	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.13	1	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	1.97	1	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
maculosin maculosin: RN refers to (3S-trans)-isomer; isolated from Alternaria alternata; structure given in first source. maculosin : A homodetic cyclic peptide that is a dipeptide composed of L-proline and L-tyrosine joined by peptide linkages.	2.02	1	dipeptide; homodetic cyclic peptide; phenols; pyrrolopyrazine	metabolite
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	3.71	2	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
brevianamide f brevianamide F: isolated from the endophyte from Aspergillus fumigatus associated with Melia azedarach L that could be used to develop a natural eco-friendly herbicide.structure in first source. brevianamide F : A pyrrolopyrazine that is hexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione bearing an indol-3-ylmethyl substituent at position 3 (the 3S,8aS-diastereomer, obtained by formal cyclocondensation of L-tryptophan and L-proline).	2.07	1	dipeptide; indoles; pyrrolopyrazine	metabolite
cyclo(glycylprolyl) cyclo(glycylprolyl): RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
lanosterol [no description available]	2.08	1	14alpha-methyl steroid; 3beta-sterol; tetracyclic triterpenoid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptoquivaline fumitremorgin C : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a mycotoxic indole alkaloid produced by several fungi. A potent and specific inhibitor of the breast cancer resistance protein multidrug transporter.	2.07	1	aromatic ether; indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor; mycotoxin
cyclo(l-phe-l-pro) [no description available]	2.49	2	organic molecular entity	metabolite
histidyl-proline diketopiperazine cyclo(L-His-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide resulting from the formal condensation of both the amino and acid groups of L-histidine with the acid and amino groups of L-proline. It is a metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).	2.02	1	dipeptide; homodetic cyclic peptide; imidazoles; pyrrolopyrazine	anti-inflammatory agent; dopamine uptake inhibitor; human blood serum metabolite
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	2.02	1	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
helvolic acid helvolic acid: structure. helvolic acid : A steroid C-21 acid having a 29-nordammarane skeleton substituted with an acetoxy group at C-16 and oxo groups at C-3 and -7, with double bonds at C-1, -17(20) and -24.	2.07	1	3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid; acetate ester; monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid	antibacterial agent; fungal metabolite; mycotoxin
glycylproline Gly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.	3.31	1	dipeptide zwitterion; dipeptide	metabolite
glycyl-prolyl-glutamic acid glycyl-prolyl-glutamic acid: N-terminal cleavage product of IGF-1; has neuroprotective activity	2.21	1	oligopeptide
fg 9041 FG 9041: structure given in first source	2.25	1	quinoxaline derivative
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
cyclo(leucyl-prolyl) cyclo(leucyl-prolyl): structure in first source. cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide composed from leucyl and prolyl residues.	2.08	1	dipeptide; homodetic cyclic peptide; pyrrolopyrazine	bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
jbp 485 JBP 485: has antihepatitis activity	2.07	1
pseurotin pseurotin: metabolite isolated from culture filtrates of Pseudeurotium ovalis Stolk; structure. pseurotin A : A spirocyclic that is 1-oxa-7-azaspiro[4.4]non-2-ene-4,6-dione bearing 1,2-dihydroxyhex-3-en-1-yl, methyl, methoxy, benzoyl and hydroxy substituents at positions 2, 3, 8, 8 and 9 respectively.	2.07	1	azaspiro compound; lactam; oxaspiro compound	metabolite
toosendanin [no description available]	2.07	1	limonoid
tryprostatin a tryprostatin A: isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus; a mammalian cell cycle inhibitor; structure given in first source. tryprostatin A : A cyclic dipeptide that is brevianamide F (cyclo-L-Trp-L-Pro) substituted at positions 2 and 6 on the indole ring by prenyl and methoxy groups respectively.	2.07	1	aromatic ether; dipeptide; indole alkaloid; indoles; pyrrolopyrazine	breast cancer resistance protein inhibitor
fumiquinazoline f fumiquinazoline F: structure in first source. fumiquinazoline F : A fumiquinazoline that consists of pyrazino[2,1-b]quinazoline-3,6(1H,4H)-dione bearing a methyl substituent at position 1 and an indol-3-yl group at position 4.	2.07	1	fumiquinazoline; indoles; pyrazinoquinazoline
(S)-Isosclerone [no description available]	2.07	1	tetralins
fumiquinazoline a fumiquinazoline A: structure in first source. fumiquinazoline A : A fumiquinazoline that consists of imidazoindole and pyrazinoquinazoline units connected by a methylene group.	2.07	1	fumiquinazoline; imidazoindole; pyrazinoquinazoline
6-methoxyspirotryprostatin b 6-methoxyspirotryprostatin B: cytotoxic compound from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowi; structure in first source. 6-methoxyspirotryprostatin B : An indole alkaloid isolated from a marine-derived fungal strain Aspergillus sydowii PFW1-13 and has been shown to exhibit cytotoxic activity.	2.07	1	aromatic ether; azaspiro compound; indole alkaloid; indolones	antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite
prolyl-glycyl-proline [no description available]	3.31	1	peptide
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	2.25	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.51	2
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.51	2
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.21	4
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	2.41	1
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	2.21	1
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	2.21	1
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	2.25	1
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	2.25	1
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.49	2
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	2.49	2
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.49	2
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.13	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	2.57	2
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.57	2
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	2.13	1
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	2.13	1
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	2.05	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	2.05	1
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	2.05	1
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.41	2
Ache [description not available]	1.99	1
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	1.99	1
Apoplexy [description not available]	4.6	4
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	4.6	4
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	3.52	1
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	3.52	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	3.52	1
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	3.52	1
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	3.52	1
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	3.12	1
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	3.12	1
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	2.25	1
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.25	1
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	2.25	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.93	3
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.25	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.25	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational [description not available]	2.25	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.25	1
Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.	2.25	1

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