| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 9416 |
| CHEMBL ID | 1200335 |
| CHEBI ID | 9464 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 42687 |
| MeSH ID | M0045776 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| AC-12599 |
| delatestryl |
| androst-4-en-3-one, 17-[(1-oxoheptyl)oxy]-, (17.beta.)- |
| LMST02020075 |
| 17-heptanoyl-17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one |
| exten test |
| androst-4-en-3-one,(17.beta.)- |
| testostroval |
| testosterone heptylate |
| delatest |
| reposo-tmd |
| androtardyl |
| androst-4-en-3-one, heptanoate |
| testosterone heptoate |
| everone |
| atlatest |
| testoenant |
| malogen l.a. |
| nsc-17591 |
| testonenant |
| orquisteron-e |
| testosterone, heptanoate |
| testosterone oenanthate |
| heptanoic acid, ester with testosterone |
| nsc17591 |
| testanthate |
| depo-testro med |
| testinon |
| testosterone heptanoate |
| wln: l e5 b666 ov mutj a e fov6 |
| 17-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one, 17-heptanoate |
| testate |
| 3-oxoandrost-4-en-17beta-yl heptanoate |
| CHEBI:9464 , |
| 17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one heptanoate |
| C08157 |
| 315-37-7 |
| testosterone enanthate |
| testosterone enanthate (jp17/usp) |
| delatestryl (tn) |
| D00958 |
| testosterone enantate |
| einecs 206-253-5 |
| depatestrye |
| dea no. 4000 |
| reposo tmd |
| andro l.a. 200 |
| androst-4-en-3-one, 17beta-hydroxy-, heptanoate |
| malogen l.a.200 |
| 17beta-enanthoxyandrost-4-en-3-one |
| ditate |
| 17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one enanthate |
| androst-4-en-3-one, 17-(1-oxoheptyl)oxy-, (17beta)- |
| durathate |
| 4-androsten-3-one 17beta-enanthate |
| androst-4-en-3-one, 17-((1-oxoheptyl)oxy)-, (17beta)- |
| 17-((1-oxoheptyl)oxy)androst-4-en-3-one |
| brn 3170544 |
| testenate |
| ccris 7082 |
| testosterone 17-enanthate |
| andropository |
| [(8r,9s,10r,13s,14s,17s)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] heptanoate |
| xyosted |
| CHEMBL1200335 |
| testosterone enanthate ciii |
| testosteroni enantas |
| S3717 |
| AKOS015960945 |
| 7z6522t8n9 , |
| testosterone enanthate [usp:jan] |
| androgyn l.a. |
| 4-08-00-00979 (beilstein handbook reference) |
| unii-7z6522t8n9 |
| testosterone ethanate |
| testosteroni enantas [who-ip latin] |
| testosterone enanthate [mi] |
| testosterone enanthate [vandf] |
| ditate-ds component testosterone enanthate |
| testosterone enantate [mart.] |
| testosterone enantate [who-ip] |
| testosterone enanthate [usp-rs] |
| testosterone enantate [ep monograph] |
| testosterone enanthate ciii [usp-rs] |
| testosterone enanthate [jan] |
| testosterone enanthate [usp monograph] |
| 17.beta.-(heptanoyloxy)androst-4-en-3-one [who-ip] |
| testosterone enanthate [orange book] |
| testosterone enanthate [who-dd] |
| androst-4-en-3-one, 17-(1-oxoheptyl)oxy-, (17.beta.)- |
| testosterone enanthate component of ditate-ds |
| SCHEMBL42687 |
| W-106891 |
| deladumone (salt/mix) |
| 3-oxoandrost-4-en-17-yl heptanoate, (17.beta.)- # |
| androst-4-en-3-one, 17.beta.-hydroxy-, heptanoate |
| androgyn l.a. (salt/mix) |
| 4-androsten-3-one 17.beta.-enanthate |
| 17-[(1-oxoheptyl)oxy]androst-4-en-3-one |
| ditate (salt/mix) |
| androst-4-en-3-one, 17-[(1-oxoheptyl)oxy]-, (17b)- |
| (8r,9s,10r,13s,14s,17s)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl heptanoate |
| sr-01000942262 |
| SR-01000942262-1 |
| testosterone enanthate, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard |
| testosterone 17beta-heptanoate |
| testosterone heptoic acid |
| testosterone 17beta-heptanoic acid |
| 4-androsten-17beta-ol-3-one 17-enanthate |
| testosterone enanthate, analytical standard |
| testosterone enantate, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard |
| testosterone enantate for system suitability, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard |
| testosterone enantate for peak identification, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard |
| DB13944 |
| DS-11585 |
| Q27108402 |
| 17-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one, 17-heptanoic acid |
| DTXSID701016540 , |
| CCG-268655 |
| andro la |
| testosterone enanthate (usp-rs) |
| testosterone enanthate (usp monograph) |
| testosterone enantate (ep monograph) |
| testosterone enanthate ciii (usp-rs) |
| testo-enant |
| xyosted (autoinjector) |
| primosteston |
| testosterone enantate (mart.) |
| dtxcid901474730 |
| testosterone enanthate (usp:jan) |
| 17beta-(heptanoyloxy)androst-4-en-3-one |
| testosterone 17-heptanoate |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Testosterone enanthate treatment increased serum testosterone levels by 91.1% (p .01), serum osteocalcin by 35.7% (p .05), and the serum immunoreactive parathyrin by 41.4% (p .05)." | ( Body composition and muscle strength in healthy men receiving testosterone enanthate for contraception. Baker, HW; Liu, G; Seeman, E; Young, NR, 1993) | 1.25 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " We have previously demonstrated that 100 microM testosterone cypionate (TC) inhibits all beating activity of primary neonatal rat myocardial cell cultures within 1 hr of exposure and causes significant LDH release by 4 hr of exposure, indicating a direct toxic effect of TC." | ( Anabolic-androgenic steroid-induced toxicity in primary neonatal rat myocardial cell cultures. Fugate, RD; Melchert, RB; Robertson, JW; Welder, AA, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " There were no significant adverse effects based on comprehensive physical examinations, urea, electrolytes, and renal or liver function tests." | ( Pharmacokinetics, bioefficacy, and safety of sublingual testosterone cyclodextrin in hypogonadal men: comparison to testosterone enanthate--a clinical research center study. Alexander, G; Berman, N; Davidson, T; Dudley, RE; McDonald, V; Salehian, B; Swerdloff, RS; Wang, C; Ziel, F, 1995) | 0.5 |
| " In summary, the contraceptive efficacy for male contraception in this study demonstrated that weekly injections of testosterone enanthate can provide safe and effective contraceptive protection." | ( Contraceptive efficacy and adverse effects of testosterone enanthate in Thai men. Aribarg, A; Chanprasit, Y; Kriangsinyos, R; Ngeamvijawat, J; Sukcharoen, N, 1996) | 0.76 |
| " Although this study confirms testosterone's well-sustained suppression of spermatogenesis and lack of short-term adverse effects, long-term effects on cardiovascular and prostatic disease require investigation." | ( Contraceptive efficacy and adverse effects of testosterone enanthate in Thai men. Aribarg, A; Chanprasit, Y; Kriangsinyos, R; Ngeamvijawat, J; Sukcharoen, N, 1996) | 0.55 |
| "5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects." | ( Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. Benz, RD; Contrera, JF; Kruhlak, NL; Matthews, EJ; Weaver, JL, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " The current study demonstrated adverse effects of male chloropyrifos exposure on pregnancy outcome with effects on sperm parameters at 15 and 25mg/kg-d." | ( Chlorpyrifos induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. El Okazy, A; El-Agamy, el-S; El-Sebae, Ael-K; Farag, AT; Radwan, AH; Sorour, F, 2010) | 0.36 |
| " Our study presents the longest follow-up published so far reporting no adverse events and these data are consistent with previous reports with a shorter follow-up." | ( Testosterone undecanoate and testosterone enanthate injections are both effective and safe in transmen over 5 years of administration. Baldassarre, M; Cerpolini, S; Gava, G; Mancini, I; Meriggiola, MC; Seracchioli, R, 2018) | 0.77 |
| " Safety, including ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), lipid levels, and adverse drug reactions, and PK were assessed." | ( Safety of a New Subcutaneous Testosterone Enanthate Auto-Injector: Results of a 26-Week Study. Gittelman, M; Jaffe, JS; Kaminetsky, JC, 2019) | 0.81 |
| "6%) experienced adverse drug reactions; the most frequently reported were increased hematocrit (≥52%) in 10 patients (7." | ( Safety of a New Subcutaneous Testosterone Enanthate Auto-Injector: Results of a 26-Week Study. Gittelman, M; Jaffe, JS; Kaminetsky, JC, 2019) | 0.81 |
| " Therapeutic phlebotomy was recommended for HCT > 54%, and treatment was discontinued for significant increases in PSA as well as for significant treatment-related adverse events." | ( Post-market safety and efficacy profile of subcutaneous testosterone enanthate-autoinjector: a cohort analysis. Choi, EJ; El-Khatib, FM; Kavoussi, PK; Xu, P; Yafi, FA, 2022) | 0.97 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Mean half-life estimates of the terminal elimination phase were 4 and 7 days for testosterone-enanthate and dihydrotestosterone-enanthate, respectively." | ( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of testosterone enanthate and dihydrotestosterone enanthate in non-human primates. Behre, HM; Jackwerth, B; Nieschlag, E; Weinbauer, GF; Yeung, CH; Yoon, YD, 1990) | 0.54 |
| " We therefore tested two groups of five long-term orchidectomized cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), which received a single intramuscular injection of 10 mg/kg body weight of an injectable testosterone undecanoate (TU) preparation or testosterone enanthate (TE) in a preclinical study to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of TU in comparison to TE." | ( Injectable testosterone undecanoate has more favourable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics than testosterone enanthate. Fang, R; Nieschlag, E; Partsch, CJ; Weinbauer, GF, 1995) | 0.69 |
| " Acute pharmacokinetic testing showed peak serum hormone levels at 30 min, with a mean serum T concentration of 2688 +/- 147 ng/dL (range, 1820-3770 ng/dL)." | ( Pharmacokinetic characteristics, efficacy, and safety of buccal testosterone in hypogonadal males: a pilot study. Allen, R; Chen, MC; Dobs, AS; Hoover, DR, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " Subsequent injections of TE caused a similar pharmacokinetic profile until the 55th injection; testosterone levels on day 3 declined from the 56 to 58th injection and remained in a lower range until the last injection." | ( Effects of long-term treatment with testosterone enanthate in rhesus monkeys: I. Pharmacokinetics of testosterone, testicular volume and liver metabolism of testosterone. Bajaj, JS; Kumar, VM; Rajalakshmi, M; Tyagi, A, 1999) | 0.58 |
| "Currently available testosterone (T) preparations differ substantially in their pharmacokinetic profile that might influence their androgenic properties in terms of suppression of the gonadal axis, effects on anabolic parameters, lipid metabolism, and erythropoiesis." | ( Pharmacokinetics and degree of aromatization rather than total dose of different preparations determine the effects of testosterone: a nonhuman primate study in Macaca fascicularis. Nieschlag, E; Partsch, CJ; Schlatt, S; Weinbauer, GF; Zitzmann, M, ) | 0.13 |
| " Therefore, we conducted a pharmacokinetic study of oral T and TE in oil, with and without concomitant D, in normal men whose T production had been temporarily suppressed by the GnRH antagonist acyline." | ( Oral testosterone in oil plus dutasteride in men: a pharmacokinetic study. Amory, JK; Bremner, WJ, 2005) | 0.33 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "We administered Nal-Glu at doses of 0, 100, and 200 micrograms/kg body weight per day in combination with T enanthate, 50 mg IM weekly, to separate groups of men (9 or 10 men per group) for 4 weeks." | ( Dose effects of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, Nal-Glu, combined with testosterone enanthate on gonadotropin levels in normal men. Bagatell, CJ; Bremner, WJ; Rivier, JE, 1995) | 0.51 |
| "Administration of Nal-Glu in combination with T suppresses gonadotropins more completely than does T alone, but at doses > 100 micrograms/kg, gonadotropins are not suppressed additionally with larger doses of Nal-Glu." | ( Dose effects of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, Nal-Glu, combined with testosterone enanthate on gonadotropin levels in normal men. Bagatell, CJ; Bremner, WJ; Rivier, JE, 1995) | 0.51 |
| "The effects of a synthetic oral progestogen, desogestrel (DSG), administered with low dose testosterone (T) were investigated to determine the optimal combination for suppression of gonadotropins and spermatogenesis to targets compatible with effective male contraception." | ( Oral progestogen combined with testosterone as a potential male contraceptive: additive effects between desogestrel and testosterone enanthate in suppression of spermatogenesis, pituitary-testicular axis, and lipid metabolism. Balasubramanian, R; Coelingh-Bennink, HJ; Mulders, TM; Wu, FC, 1999) | 0.51 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "The effects of long-term administration of testosterone enanthate on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of testosterone were studied in adult male rhesus monkeys (n = 9), injected with 50 mg of testosterone enanthate (TE) once every 14 days for a total of 32 months." | ( Effects of long-term treatment with testosterone enanthate in rhesus monkeys: I. Pharmacokinetics of testosterone, testicular volume and liver metabolism of testosterone. Bajaj, JS; Kumar, VM; Rajalakshmi, M; Tyagi, A, 1999) | 0.84 |
| " It is reasonable to believe that the genetic variation in testosterone bioavailability may be correlated to varying effects of this androgen, whether it is used for replacement therapy or abused in doping." | ( Bioavailability of testosterone enanthate dependent on genetic variation in the phosphodiesterase 7B but not on the uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT2B17) gene. Belanger, A; Ekström, L; Guillemette, C; Rane, A; Schulze, JJ, 2011) | 0.7 |
Testosterone enanthate is an experimental inhibitor of spermatogenesis (contraceptive agent) We conclude that in GH- and gonadotropin-deficient boys a reduced dosage of testosterone should be used to induce pubertal development.
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| androgen | A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| heptanoate ester | Any fatty acid ester where the carboxylic acid component is heptanoic (also known as enanthic) acid. |
| sterol ester | A steroid ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of any carboxylic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of a sterol. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID588212 | Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in rodents | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1 | Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. |
| AID588219 | FDA HLAED, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) increase | 2004 | Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4 | Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. |
| AID588211 | Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in humans | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1 | Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. |
| AID588218 | FDA HLAED, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increase | 2004 | Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4 | Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. |
| AID588216 | FDA HLAED, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) increase | 2004 | Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4 | Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. |
| AID588213 | Literature-mined compound from Fourches et al multi-species drug-induced liver injury (DILI) dataset, effect in non-rodents | 2010 | Chemical research in toxicology, Jan, Volume: 23, Issue:1 | Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species. |
| AID588214 | FDA HLAED, liver enzyme composite activity | 2004 | Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4 | Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. |
| AID588215 | FDA HLAED, alkaline phosphatase increase | 2004 | Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4 | Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. |
| AID588217 | FDA HLAED, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) increase | 2004 | Current drug discovery technologies, Dec, Volume: 1, Issue:4 | Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 153 (29.25) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 127 (24.28) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 114 (21.80) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 113 (21.61) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 16 (3.06) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (71.66) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 143 (25.09%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 29 (5.09%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 58 (10.18%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 340 (59.65%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect of Exercise Alone or in Combination With Testosterone Replacement on Muscle Strength and Quality of Life in Older Men With Low Testosterone Concentrations: a Randomized Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Study [NCT01092858] | Phase 4 | 4 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-09-30 | Terminated | ||
| A Randomized, Blinded Controlled Trial to Determine if Testosterone Can Accelerate Injury Recovery After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair [NCT04345666] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-08-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Unable to obtain funding to complete the study) | ||
| Vaginal Testosterone Cream For Atrophic Vaginitis in Women Taking Aromatase Inhibitors for Breast Cancer. [NCT01122342] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2006-12-31 | Suspended(stopped due to Evaluating outcomes of current subjects pre further enrollment/dose reduction.) | ||
| Bipolar Androgen Therapy Plus Olaparib in Patient With Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer [NCT03516812] | Phase 2 | 36 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-08-29 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Translating Muscle Anabolic Strategies Into Interventions to Accelerate Recovery From Hospitalization in Geriatric Patients [NCT02990533] | Phase 1 | 80 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-09-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Subcutaneous Testosterone Therapy in Men Compared to Intramuscular Testosterone Therapy in Men [NCT03091348] | Phase 4 | 4 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-08-29 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of LH Activity in Low Responder Patients With Transdermal Testosterone: a Randomised Controlled Study. [NCT01291212] | 104 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Perioperative Testosterone Replacement Therapy Improves Outcomes: A Pilot Safety and Feasibility Study [NCT04731376] | Phase 1 | 100 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-01-25 | Recruiting | ||
| Androgen Treatment in Leydig Cell Proliferation [NCT01206270] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 56 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Testosterone Implants and the Incidence of Breast Cancer RETROSPECTIVE CHART REVIEW [NCT03768258] | 1,268 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2008-03-31 | Completed | |||
| Cycled Testosterone Administration During Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Early Stage COPD [NCT03674320] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-12-01 | Withdrawn(stopped due to No Funding) | ||
| A Phase 1, Open-label, Randomized, Three-cohort, Two-period Crossover Study to Determine the Relative Bioavailability of Testosterone Following Application of Two Testosterone Transdermal Spray (TTS) Formulations Once Daily and Intrinsa® Patch Twice Weekl [NCT01096329] | Phase 1 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-02-28 | Terminated | ||
| Cycled Testosterone Therapy to Improve Physical Function in Frail Nursing Home Residents [NCT02679274] | Early Phase 1 | 3 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-02-16 | Terminated(stopped due to Lack of funding.) | ||
| Patient Satisfaction After Switching to Oral Testosterone Undecanoate in Men Currently on Testosterone Therapy [NCT04983940] | Phase 4 | 41 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-06-18 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 2, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Center Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Oral LPCN 1144 in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) [NCT04134091] | Phase 2 | 56 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-08-27 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Fast Acting Testosterone Nasal Spray on Anxiety [NCT02361190] | 96 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-02-28 | Completed | |||
| Study on Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Hypogonadal Type 2 [NCT03792321] | Phase 4 | 55 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-01-10 | Completed | ||
| A 150-Day, Prospective, Phase 4, Open-Label Study, Evaluating Patient Satisfaction and Symptom Improvement When Treating Male Hypogonadism With Testosterone Nasal Gel (Natesto™) [NCT02937740] | Phase 4 | 117 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Early Mental Response to Hormonal Treatment in Transgender Men - The EMRE Study [NCT05649605] | 70 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-03-07 | Recruiting | |||
| Phase 4 Study That Evaluates the Presence of Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Male Subjects With Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism and Effects of Two Different Testosterone Replacement Regiments on These Parameters. [NCT02171390] | Phase 4 | 130 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Androgen Replacement to Improve Patient-Important Outcomes in Men With Opioid-Induced Hypogonadism [NCT04798469] | Phase 2 | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-01-10 | Recruiting | ||
| Transdermal Testosterone Nanoemulsion Effects Emergent Loss of Libido in Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial [NCT02445716] | Phase 2 | 70 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2015-10-31 | Recruiting | ||
| A Phase II -b, Placebo-Controlled Trial Investigating the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of a Subcutaneous Etonogestrel Implant Combined With i.m. Testosterone Undecanoate for Male Contraception [NCT00403793] | Phase 2 | 350 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Mechanisms of Hormonal Control of Spermatogenesis in Man [NCT02147964] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-06-30 | Withdrawn(stopped due to No funding was obtained for this study.) | ||
| Feasibility Study of Post-hospitalization Interventions to Improve Physical Function [NCT02203656] | Phase 1 | 113 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized Phase I Study of Testosterone Replacement in Patients With Low Risk Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer [NCT01187485] | Phase 1 | 15 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase III, Multi-Center Extension Study to Assess Persistence of Benefit of LibiGel for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) in Surgically Menopausal Women [NCT01235754] | Phase 3 | 626 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Testosterone on Myocardial Repolarization in Patients With Hypogonadism With/Without Chronic Heat Failure (NYHA Class I-II) [NCT03126656] | Phase 4 | 123 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Testosterone Undecanoate Replacement Therapy in Boys With Pubertal Delay or Confirmed Hypogonadism [NCT05541172] | 27 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2022-03-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Prospective, Randomized, Open-label and Comparative Study to Determine the Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Vaginal Rings That Contain DHEA, Testosterone, or the Combination of Both Androgens, in Comparison With Oral Administration of DHEA and Transdermal Ad [NCT03967964] | Phase 1 | 46 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-11-20 | Completed | ||
| A Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetic and Comparative Bioavailability Study of Testosterone Absorption After Administration of 5 g Testosterone Gel 1.62% to the Upper Arms/Shoulders Using an Application Site Rotation or a Combination of Application Sites in Hyp [NCT01133548] | Phase 1 | 62 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase 4 Study of About the Effect of Testosterone Treatment on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome [NCT01160341] | Phase 4 | 312 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase 2 Randomized Study of Efficacy and Safety of Testosterone in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients With Fatigue [NCT03379012] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-02-08 | Completed | ||
| Phase I Clinical Trial for Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Safety of Testosterone Gel 1% for Topical Use, After Administration of Three Different Doses (2.2 mg, 4.4 mg, 8.8 mg and Placebo) for 28 Consecutive Days in Post-menopausal Wo [NCT02667561] | Phase 1 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-07-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Study has been cancelled and it has not been initiated.) | ||
| Effect of Dose Fractionation of Testosterone Cypionate on Hematocrit in Transgender Men With Erythrocytosis Secondary to Testosterone Use. [NCT05487794] | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-09-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Short-term Testosterone Replacement in Testicular Cancer Survivors to Treat Overweight and Improve Cardiometabolic Risk: A Pilot Study [NCT03339635] | Phase 2 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-12-21 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| The Role of Androgens in Neurophysiological and Autonomic Function in Male Veterans With Spinal Cord Injury [NCT06130449] | Early Phase 1 | 15 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-04-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Does Human Skeletal Muscle Possess an Epigenetic Memory of Testosterone? [NCT05964920] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-01-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Parallel, Double-dummy, Multi-center Phase III Study for Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Nasotestt Compared to Androgel Treating Hypogonadism in Male Research Participants. [NCT03281187] | Phase 3 | 228 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-07-16 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Prospective Biomarker Analysis of Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) Undergoing Bipolar Androgen Therapy (BAT) [NCT04424654] | Phase 2 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-09-22 | Completed | ||
| A Single Arm Open-label, Phase II Study of Sipuleucel-T With Bipolar Androgen Therapy in Men With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer [NCT06100705] | Phase 2 | 26 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-11-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| A Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Sequential High Dose Testosterone and Enzalutamide to Enzalutamide Alone in Asymptomatic Men With Castration Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer [NCT04363164] | Phase 2 | 150 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-08-19 | Recruiting | ||
| Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU, LPCN 1021) Treated Hypogonadal Men [NCT03868059] | Phase 3 | 138 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Phase IV: Effect of Testosterone on Endothelial Function and Microcirculation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Hypogonadism [NCT01084369] | Phase 4 | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-10-11 | Terminated(stopped due to Withdrawal of sponsorship) | ||
| Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Chronic Spinal Cord Injury [NCT00266864] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 31 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study of Seven Coordinated Testosterone Treatment Trials in Older Men [NCT00799617] | Phase 3 | 790 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Men With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Low Testosterone Levels [NCT00613782] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 88 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Completed | ||
| 52 Week RCT to Investigate the Effect of Testosterone Undecanoate vs Placebo on Intrahepatic Fat Content in Obese/Overweight Men With T2DM/Prediabetes and Hypogonadism and Subsequent 108 Week Open Label Phase to Investigate Effects on Cardiometabolic Para [NCT03851627] | Phase 4 | 32 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-01-25 | Recruiting | ||
| Repeat Difluoromethylornithine and High Dose Testosterone With Enzalutamide in Asymptomatic Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The APEX (Androgen and Polyamine Elimination Alternating With Xtandi) Trial [NCT06059118] | Phase 2 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-10-04 | Recruiting | ||
| Effect of Testosterone Replacement on Exercise Capacity in Hypogonadal Men After A Recent Myocardial Infarction. [NCT02803073] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-08-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Subjects could not be recruited) | ||
| Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Pilot Trial of Natesto Testosterone Nasal Gel on Demand for Hypogonadal Men With Sexual Dysfunction Using Daily Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor [NCT05484167] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2023-01-01 | Withdrawn(stopped due to They study lost funding and decided to close the study down.) | ||
| Testosterone Supplementation in Men With MCI [NCT00539305] | Phase 3 | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase II Trial of Exogenous Testosterone Plus Dutasteride for the Treatment of Castrate Metastatic Prostate Cancer [NCT00853697] | Phase 2 | 6 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Exploring the Role of Testosterone as a Novel Anti-Nociceptive Agent in Women With Chronic Pain and Opioid Use [NCT04895306] | Phase 2 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-04-30 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Dummy, Multiple-Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamic Endpoints of MK0773 in Healthy Older Men [NCT01017458] | Phase 1 | 68 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-06-30 | Completed | ||
| An Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety of Testosterone Enanthate After Two Single-Dose Injections Via QuickShot® Testosterone by Intended Users and QuickShot™ Summative Usability Study [NCT02777242] | Phase 2 | 66 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Phase II, Repeat Dose, Pharmacokinetic Study of Oral Testosterone Ester Formulations in Hypogonadal Men [NCT00695110] | Phase 2 | 29 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-06-30 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Male Hormonal Contraceptive Regimens on Prostate Tissue In Normal Men [NCT00490555] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 32 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Single-dose, Parallel Design Study to Evaluate the Effect of Testosterone on Muscle Fractional Synthetic Rate (FSR) [NCT00816712] | Phase 1 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Compromised Microcirculation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [NCT00757185] | Early Phase 1 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-02-29 | Completed | ||
| Anabolic and Inflammatory Responses to Short-Term Testosterone Administration in Older Men [NCT00957801] | Phase 4 | 29 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Early Testosterone Gel Administration on Physical Performance in the Critically Ill: a Randomised Double Blind Clinical Trial [NCT05825092] | Phase 2 | 600 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-07-21 | Recruiting | ||
| [18F]-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose and -[18F] Dihydro-Testosterone PET Imaging In Patients Advanced Breast Cancer [NCT06145399] | Early Phase 1 | 10 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-10-24 | Recruiting | ||
| Nutrition and Anabolic Interventions in Squamous Cell Carcinoma [NCT00878995] | Phase 1 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-06-03 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Penile Rehabilitation Following Radical Prostatectomy (#: 04-07-30-01) [NCT00848497] | Early Phase 1 | 3 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-11-30 | Terminated(stopped due to Lack of volunteers who would consent to participate and lack of funding) | ||
| High Dose Testosterone + Carboplatin in Men With Advanced Prostate Cancer [NCT03522064] | Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2018-07-30 | Recruiting | ||
| Phase 3, Active-Controlled, Safety and Efficacy Trial of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU, LPCN 1021) in Hypogonadal Men [NCT02081300] | Phase 3 | 315 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A One Year Open Label Study of Androxal in the Treatment of Secondary Hypogonadism in Men Who Have Completed Protocol ZA-203 [NCT01386567] | Phase 2 | 48 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Case Control Study Regarding the Role of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in Chemically Castrated Young Men [NCT04134130] | 33 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-09-16 | Completed | |||
| The Effect of Testim and Training in a Population Based, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blinded Study of Hypogonadal Men [NCT00700024] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2008-04-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| An Open-label, Multiple-dose, Randomized, Two-period Crossover Study to Assess Bioequivalence of the 300 Mcg/Day Testosterone Reduced-size Patch (14 cm2) Relative to the 300 Mcg/Day Testosterone Reference Patch (28 cm2) [NCT00791856] | Phase 1 | 110 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-07-31 | Completed | ||
| COMbination of Bipolar Androgen Therapy and Nivolumab in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer [NCT03554317] | Phase 2 | 53 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-09-05 | Completed | ||
| Hormonal Regulation of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and HDL-C in Men Title Changed With New Protocol (12/14/09): Hormonal Regulation of HDL-C in Men [NCT00729859] | Phase 2 | 31 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Single-Center, Double-Masked, Randomized, Vehicle Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Testosterone 0.03% Ophthalmic Solution Compared to Vehicle for the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction [NCT00755183] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Improving Patient-Important Outcomes With Testosterone Replacement in Hypogonadal Men With a Prior History of Cancer [NCT04049331] | Phase 2 | 240 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-03-22 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Fixed-Sequence, Single-Dose, Parallel Design Study to Utilize Comparative Proteomics to Identify Early Biomarkers of Muscle Anabolism [NCT00812396] | Phase 1 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Two-Arm, Open-Label, Randomized, Multi-Center Pharmacokinetic and Long-Term Safety Study of Intramuscular Injections of 750 mg and 1000 mg Testosterone Undecanoate in Hypogonadal Men [NCT00467870] | Phase 3 | 531 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Chronic Testosterone on Myocardial Ischaemia and Endothelial Function in Men With Documented Coronary Heart Disease [NCT00239590] | Phase 2 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-06-30 | Completed | ||
| A Study to Assess Post-collection Conversion of Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) to Testosterone in Blood From Men Receiving Oral TU Collected Into Different Types of Sample Tubes [NCT03973840] | Phase 1 | 13 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-07-15 | Completed | ||
| A Comparison of Side Effects in Hypogonadal Men Treated With Natesto Versus Testosterone Injections: A Phase IV, Prospective, Randomized, Non-Blinded, Multi-Institutional Study [NCT04439799] | Phase 4 | 81 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-08-07 | Completed | ||
| Pilot Open Study of Testosterone Replacement in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis [NCT01919294] | Phase 2 | 3 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Androgen Regulation of Priapism in Sickle Cell Disease [NCT01940718] | Early Phase 1 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-03-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Funding could not be secured) | ||
| Clinical Trial of Androgen Effects on the Reproductive Neuroendocrine Axis [NCT04321551] | Phase 4 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-07-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Randomized Study of Co-Administering Testosterone With PDE5 Inhibitors in Patients Non-Responders to PDE5 Inhibitors Alone [NCT00244023] | Phase 3 | 173 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Pilot Study in Healthy Male Volunteers to Evaluate a Skeletal-Muscle Microbiopsy Technique for Suitability of Use With Dynamic Proteomic Measurement [NCT01962454] | Phase 1 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-05-05 | Completed | ||
| Oral Androgens in Man-4: Gonadotropin Suppression Medicated by Oral Testosterone Enanthate in Oil Plus Dutasteride (Short Title: Oral T-4) [NCT00399165] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-11-30 | Completed | ||
| A Preliminary Trial of Testosterone Replacement for Fatigue in Male Hypogonadic Patients With Advanced Cancer. [NCT00965341] | Phase 3 | 53 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-09-30 | Completed | ||
| Phase 2 Study of Transdermal Testosterone for Low Libido in Pre and Postmenopausal Women [NCT02215434] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Pilot Trial on the Effects of Testosterone Undecanoate Plus Dutasteride or Placebo on Muscle Strength, Body Composition and Metabolic Profile in Transmen [NCT04545450] | Phase 3 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-11-04 | Completed | ||
| Testosterone and Alendronate in Hypogonadal Men [NCT01460654] | Phase 2 | 44 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-10-31 | Terminated | ||
| Effects of Three Different Medications on Metabolic Parameters and Testicular Volume in Patients With Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism-Last Three Years Experience [NCT01601327] | Phase 4 | 119 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Nebido® Therapy in Hypogonadal Male Patients With Osteoporosis Associated With Paraplegia Compared With Conventional Osteoporosis - Prophylaxis / Therapy in Hypogonadal and Eugonadal Patients With Osteoporosis Associated With Paraplegia [NCT00838838] | 26 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2005-09-30 | Completed | |||
| Steroid Profile: Differentiating Testosterone Administration From (Simultaneous) Ethanol Consumption: Evaluation of Newly Developed Markers [NCT04166786] | Phase 1 | 4 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-05-06 | Completed | ||
| Assessment of the Treatment of the Severely Burned With Anabolic Agents on Clinical Outcomes, Recovery and Rehabilitation [NCT00675714] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 1,126 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-01-31 | Terminated(stopped due to At the request of the study site, this study has been closed and access to study-related data is unavailable. We are unable to submit the results-data.) | ||
| The Effects of Cyclic Testosterone Administration on Muscle Function in Older Individuals [NCT00957528] | Phase 1 | 26 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-01-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of Long Term Cyclic Testosterone Administration on Muscle Function and Bone in Older Men [NCT01417364] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Unable to identify any qualifying subjects willing to enroll into this study.) | ||
| The Effects of Testosterone on Prostate Tissue in Normal Men (ACYP-1) [NCT00161486] | Phase 1 | 13 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-07-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Testosterone Replacement on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Microarchitecture in Teenage Boys and Young Adult Men With Anorexia Nervosa [NCT00853502] | Phase 2 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-12-31 | Withdrawn(stopped due to No recruitment) | ||
| A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel Group Study With Open-Label Follow-up to Investigate the Effect of IM Testosterone Undecanoate on Biochemical and Anthropometric Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome in Hypogonadal Men [NCT00696748] | Phase 3 | 250 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2005-10-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Influence on Human Male Fertility of Testosterone After Intranasal (MPP10) or Transdermal (AndroGel™) Application [NCT00705796] | Phase 1 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | Withdrawn(stopped due to financial constraints) | |||
| Locomotor Training With Testosterone to Promote Bone and Muscle Health [NCT04460872] | Phase 2 | 21 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-01-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Salivary Testosterone in Men: Diurnal Variation and Post-prandial Responses [NCT04326673] | 40 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2020-10-30 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Study of Testosterone and rHGH in FSHD (STARFISH): A Proof-of-Concept Study [NCT03123913] | Phase 1 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-18 | Completed | ||
| Exercise Training and Testosterone Replacement in Heart Failure Patients [NCT01852994] | Phase 4 | 39 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-07-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of Natesto For Treatment Of Hypogonadism On Maintenance Of Spermatogensis. [NCT04717362] | Early Phase 1 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-03-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| An Open-Label, Randomized, Balanced, Single-Dose, Two Treatment, Four Period, Two Sequence Replicate Design, Bioequivalence Study Of Testosterone Topical Gel, 1.62% Metered Pump, Manufactured By Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC With AndroGel (Testosterone Gel) [NCT02110368] | Phase 3 | 32 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Effectiveness of Testosterone Undecanoate to Improve Sexual Function in Postmenopausal Women [NCT01724658] | Phase 2 | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Long-Term Intervention Phase 2 Study of Safety Aspects of Testosterone Undecanoate i.m. in Hypogonadal Men [NCT00452322] | Phase 2 | 60 participants | Interventional | 1997-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Phase IV Study of The Therapy of Long-acting Testosterone Undecanoate,1000mg in 4 ml Oily Solution for i.m.Injection(Nebido) as Mono or in Combination With PDE-5 Inhibitors in Hypogonadal Patients With Erectile Dysfunction [NCT00421460] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Testosterone Replacement on Insulin Resistance in Hypogonadal, Non-obese Men With Metabolic Syndrome [NCT00487734] | Phase 4 | 19 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Study of Exposure to Substances Prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency in Healthy Volunteers. [NCT04757532] | Phase 1 | 9 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-12-03 | Completed | ||
| Pilot Study: Evaluating the Effect of 300 Micrograms Testosterone Patches in Addition to Hormone Replacement Therapy on Arterial Compliance, Insulin Resistance and Sexual Desire. [NCT01208038] | Phase 4 | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Hypogonadal Men With Testosterone Undecanoate i.m. 1000 mg. A Prospective, Multi-Center Clinical Study Phase IV. [NCT00555087] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2007-05-31 | Recruiting | ||
| The Role of 5-Alpha Reductase in Mediating Testosterone Actions [NCT00070733] | Phase 3 | 184 participants | Interventional | 2003-08-31 | Recruiting | ||
| Testosterone and Physical Function in HIV Associate Weight Loss [NCT00260143] | Phase 2 | 61 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-05-31 | Completed | ||
| An Open Label Study to Evaluate the Impact of Novel Fixed-dose Testosterone/Dutasteride Combinations on the Relative Bioavailability of the Individual Dutasteride and Testosterone Components [NCT00400335] | Phase 1 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Administration of Different Doses of Org 538 in Symptomatic Aging Men With Androgen Deficiency [NCT00434824] | Phase 2 | 322 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-11-30 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of Testosterone and Nutritional Supplementation, Alone and Combined, on the Adverse Effects of Under-Nutrition in the Elderly [NCT00117000] | Phase 3 | 200 participants | Interventional | 2003-07-31 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| [NCT00119483] | 200 participants | Interventional | 2005-09-30 | Completed | |||
| The Role of 5-alpha Reductase in Mediating Testosterone Actions [NCT00493987] | Phase 4 | 184 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2002-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Muscle Strength and -Mass After Bariatric Surgery - a Possible Effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy? Randomized, Placebo-controlled and Double-blinded Study [NCT03721497] | Phase 4 | 50 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-12-17 | Recruiting | ||
| A Multi-Center, Double-Blind Study to Determine the Efficacy of ESTRATEST® H.S. Tablets in Relieving Menopausal Symptoms in Estrogenized Postmenopausal Women [NCT00141570] | Phase 2 | 350 participants | Interventional | 2004-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Testosterone Administration on Tissues of Men With A.D.A.M. (Androgen Deficiency of Aging Men) [NCT00161304] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 44 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multi-Center, Double-Blind Study to Determine the Efficacy of ESTRATEST® Tablets in Relieving Menopausal Symptoms in Estrogenized, Hysterectomized Postmenopausal Women [NCT00141557] | Phase 2 | 133 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-07-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Lack of enrollment) | ||
| Pharmacokinetic Study to Determine Time to Steady-state of an Oral Testosterone Undecanoate Formulation in Hypogonadal Men. [NCT00911586] | Phase 2 | 15 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase II Study of the Effect of Food With Various Levels of Fat on the Pharmacokinetics of an Oral Testosterone Undecanoate Formulation in Hypogonadal Men [NCT00924612] | Phase 2 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Open One-arm Study to Investigate Safety and Efficacy of Intramuscular Injections of 1000 mg Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) in Hypogonadal Men at Variable Intervals During a 136-week to 192-week Treatment Including Pharmacokinetics [NCT00220298] | Phase 3 | 96 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-02-28 | Completed | ||
| A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two Period Cross Over Trial to Validate Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Use in Men With Late Onset Hypogonadism [NCT00254553] | Phase 2 | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-07-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Recruitment issues) | ||
| Regulation of Cortisol Metabolism and Fat Patterning [NCT00694733] | 140 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-05-31 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Dose Response Effects of Exogenous Testosterone on the Prostate and Comparison With Effects on Body Composition (Short Title: PROS-2) [NCT01327495] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 62 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Trial Evaluating Oral Testosterone in the Treatment of Fatigue in Male Multiple Sclerosis Patients [NCT01516554] | Phase 2 | 3 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-02-29 | Terminated(stopped due to Poor recruitment) | ||
| IGF-1 and Bone Loss in Women Anorexia Nervosa [NCT00089843] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 77 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2003-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Double-Blind Randomized Comparison Phase II Trial of Megestrol Acetate and Testosterone Enanthate in Combination Versus Megestrol Acetate Plus Testosterone Enanthate Placebo in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Associated Wasting. [NCT00001079] | Phase 2 | 80 participants | Interventional | Completed | |||
| A Multi-Center, Double-Blind Study to Determine the Efficacy of ESTRATEST® Tablets in Relieving Menopausal Symptoms in Estrogenized, Non-Hysterectomized Postmenopausal Women [NCT00141544] | Phase 2 | 28 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-07-31 | Terminated(stopped due to Lack of enrollment) | ||
| Efficacy and Tolerability of Testogel® / Nebido in Combination With a Standardised Exercise and Diet Programme in Hypogonadal Male Patients With Abdominal Obesity Compared With Exercise and Diet Programme [NCT00847314] | 30 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2007-06-30 | Completed | |||
| A Pilot Study of the Effect of Testosterone on Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Hypogonadal Males With Alzheimer's Disease [NCT00392912] | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-04-30 | Completed | |||
| A Phase II, 28-Day, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Open-Label Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Twice Daily Oral Doses of Testosterone (150-400mg) Co-administered With 0.25mg Dutasteride Compared With 400mg Testosterone Alone and 0.25mg Dutasteride [NCT00398580] | Phase 2 | 43 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 1, Randomised, Open-label, 2-cohort, Cross-over Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of a Native Oral Testosterone Formulation (DITEST) in the Fed and Fasted State and Compared to Testosterone Undecanoate in Adult Men W [NCT02966652] | Phase 1 | 25 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-11-03 | Completed | ||
| Role of Testosterone and Its Metabolites Regarding Different Physiological Functions in Subjects Affected by Gender Identity Disorder (FtM Transsexuals) [NCT00146146] | Phase 3 | 15 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Comparison of Multiple Doses of Esterified Estrogens and Methyltestosterone, in Combination and Alone, in Relieving Vasomotor Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women [NCT00160342] | Phase 2 | 1,251 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2005-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Testosterone Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis: A Preliminary Trial [NCT00405353] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 10 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2002-04-30 | Completed | ||
| 5-Alpha Reductase and Anabolic Effects of Testosterone [NCT00475501] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Oral Androgens in Man-6: Pharmacokinetics of Slow and Fast Release, External Matrix Oral Testosterone Formulations in Normal Men With Experimental Hypogonadism [NCT00663793] | Phase 1 | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-10-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase II Study of Vaginal Testosterone Cream vs. the ESTRING for Vaginal Dryness or Decreased Libido in Early Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Aromatase Inhibitors [NCT00698035] | Phase 2 | 76 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized Phase II Study Comparing Bipolar Androgen Therapy vs. Enzalutamide in Asymptomatic Men With Castration Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer [NCT02286921] | Phase 2 | 222 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Evaluation of an Advanced Virtual Exercise Environment Device (AVEED) for Use by Persons With Physical Disabilities [NCT02990507] | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-10 | Completed | |||
| Body Composition in Infants With Klinefelter Syndrome and Effects of Testosterone Treatment [NCT02408445] | Phase 4 | 20 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-05-08 | Completed | ||
| Effects of Evoked Resistance Training and Testosterone After Spinal Cord Injury [NCT01652040] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 26 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-07-02 | Completed | ||
| A Phase II Study of Bipolar Androgen-based Therapy for Men With Androgen Ablation NaÃ-ve Recurrent Prostate Cancer [NCT01750398] | Phase 2 | 33 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-01-31 | Completed | ||
| An Open-Label Pilot Study of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of 50 Mg Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (Kyzatrex) in Menopausal Women With Low Testosterone and Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder [NCT06082817] | Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-12-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| SPECTRA: SupraPhysiological Androgen to Enhance Chemotherapy TReatment Activity [NCT06039371] | Phase 2 | 46 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-01-01 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| International, Multi-center Post Authorization Surveillance Study on the Use of Nebido® to Assess Tolerability and Treatment Outcomes in Daily Clinical Practice (IPASS Nebido) [NCT00410306] | 1,493 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2006-10-31 | Completed | |||
| Effects of Home Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients With Chronic Respiratory Failure and Nutritional Depletion. [NCT00230984] | Phase 3 | 200 participants | Interventional | 2003-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized Double Blind Control Trial of Transdermal Testosterone Supplementation vs Placebo on Follicular Development and Atresia, Oocyte and Embryo Quality Among Women With Diminished Ovarian Reserve Undergoing in Vitro Fertilization [NCT01662466] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 180 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-07-01 | Recruiting | ||
| An Open Label, Randomized, Balanced, Three Treatment, Parallel Design, Pharmacokinetic Study of Intranasal TBS-1 Administration to Hypogonadal Men [NCT01252745] | Phase 2 | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Satisfaction and Quality of Life of Men and Spouses of Hypogonadal Men Treated With Injectable Testosterone Undecanoate [NCT01758029] | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2013-01-31 | Not yet recruiting | |||
| A Randomized and Double-blind Study to Evaluate the Benefit of the Treatment With Testosterone in Chronic Heart Failure Testosterone Deficiency Subjects [NCT01813201] | Phase 4 | 14 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Energy, Sexual Desire and Body PropoRtions wIth AndroGel®, Testosterone 1% Gel Therapy (ESPRIT) in Hypogonadal Men [NCT01143818] | 1,053 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2007-12-31 | Completed | |||
| A Phase II Study Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate Followed by Enzalutamide as Therapy for Men With Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer [NCT05081193] | Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-03-07 | Recruiting | ||
| TESTO: Testosterone Effects on Short-Term Outcomes in Infants With XXY [NCT03325647] | Phase 4 | 72 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-11-06 | Completed | ||
| Collaborative Study: Testosterone Antidepressant Augmentation in Women [NCT01783574] | 101 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-08-31 | Completed | |||
| Androgen-mediated Pathways in the Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity in Men [NCT01686828] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 53 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Does Testosterone Therapy Improve Patient-Reported Outcomes in Age-Related Testosterone Deficient Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement: A Randomized-Controlled Trial [NCT05722301] | Phase 3 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-11-01 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Study was never initiated.) | ||
| A 90-Day, Randomized, Dose-Ranging Study, Including Potential Dose Titration, Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal TBS-1 in the Treatment of Male Hypogonadism With Sequential Safety Extension Periods of 90 and 180 Days [NCT01446042] | Phase 3 | 306 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Single Blind, Multi-Center Phase II Study to Evaluate the Effect of Three Different Doses of Androxal and AndroGel on 24-Hour Luteinizing Hormone and Testosterone in Normal Healthy Men [NCT01386606] | Phase 2 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Effects of External Testosteron Intake on the Choroid: Enhance-depth Imaging Optical [NCT04342247] | 30 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2019-01-01 | Completed | |||
| Validation of Dosing Regimen of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU, LPCN 1021) in Hypogonadal Men. [NCT03242590] | Phase 3 | 95 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-12-31 | Completed | ||
| A Pilot Study of Parenteral Testosterone and Oral Etoposide as Therapy for Men With Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer [NCT01084759] | 16 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-03-31 | Completed | |||
| A Pilot Study of Subcutaneous vs. Intramuscular Testosterone for Gender Affirming Therapy [NCT02229617] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 14 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-07-31 | Completed | ||
| An Open-label, Single and Multiple Application of Intranasal Testosterone Gel (TBS-2) in Healthy Premenopausal Female Subjects at Three Dose Levels [NCT01364623] | Phase 1 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Testosterone Undecanoate for Optimizing Physical and Cognitive Performance During Military Operations (OPS II) [NCT04120363] | Phase 4 | 34 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-09-23 | Completed | ||
| Phase 4 Study That Compares the High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL) Cholesterol Subgroups of the Patients With Congenital Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism With That of the Healthy Control Subjects, and Investigates the Effect of Testosterone Treatmen [NCT01454011] | Phase 4 | 140 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-09-30 | Completed | ||
| CYP19A1 Gene and Pharmacogenetics of Response [NCT01378299] | Phase 1 | 105 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-10-01 | Completed | ||
| Extreme Bipolar Androgen Therapy With Darolutamide and Testosterone Cypionate in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (ExBAT Trial) [NCT04558866] | Phase 2 | 51 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-04-30 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Hormones and Decision Making [NCT04865562] | Phase 4 | 30 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-03-01 | Completed | ||
| Will Testosterone and Growth Hormone Improve Bone Structure? [NCT00080483] | Phase 2 | 35 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2004-03-31 | Completed | ||
| Testosterone Supplementation and Exercise in Elderly Men [NCT00112151] | Phase 2 | 167 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2005-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A 6-Month Safety Study of QuickShot™ Testosterone Administered Subcutaneously Once Each Week to Adult Males With Hypogonadism [NCT02504541] | Phase 3 | 133 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-07-31 | Completed | ||
| The Effects of Acute Testosterone Administration in Men on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Function Following ACL Reconstructive Surgery [NCT01595581] | Phase 3 | 14 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-04-30 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 2 Study of the Effect of Meals With Various Amounts of Fat Given Immediately After Dosing on the Pharmacokinetics of an Oral Testosterone Undecanoate [NCT02921386] | Phase 2 | 18 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-10-31 | Completed | ||
| An Open-Label, Nine-Month Randomized Controlled Study of Testosterone (Testopel) Pellets Plus Vitamin D and E Versus Vitamin D and E Alone for the Treatment of Peyronie's Disease [NCT01578473] | Phase 1 | 75 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-05-23 | Completed | ||
| An Open-Label, Randomized, Parallel-Group, Three Treatment Arm, Multicenter Study on Hypogonadal Males to Evaluate the Effect on 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure After 16-Week Continuous Administration With Marketed Testosterone Products [NCT04456296] | Phase 4 | 676 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Transgender Therapy on Hormone Receptors, Adipogenesis, Myogenesis and Inflammation [NCT04551144] | 4 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2020-10-06 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Phase 3, Active-Controlled, Safety and Efficacy Trial of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) in Hypogonadal Men [NCT01403116] | Phase 3 | 325 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Testosterone and Long Pulse Width Stimulation for Denervated Muscles After Spinal Cord Injury [NCT03345576] | Phase 2 | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2018-07-01 | Completed | ||
| Natesto Effects on Testosterone, Luteinizing Hormone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Semen Parameters [NCT03203681] | Phase 4 | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-10-27 | Completed | ||
| Randomized Control Trial of Long Acting Subcutaneous Testosterone Pellets for Hypogonadism: Testopel ® vs. Generic Testosterone Pellets. [NCT04523480] | Phase 3 | 75 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2020-03-12 | Completed | ||
| Effect of a Multimodality Intervention to Improve Function and Metabolism in Spinal Cord Injury [NCT03576001] | Phase 2 | 88 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-08-23 | Recruiting | ||
| Phase IIa, Pilot, Pharmacokinetic Study of Oral Testosterone Ester Formulations in Hypogonadal Men [NCT02697188] | Phase 2 | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-11-30 | Completed | ||
| Evaluation of Blood Collection Methodology Following Administration of a Single-Dose of an Oral Testosterone Undecanoate Formulation In Hypogonadal Men [NCT02670343] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 8 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Physiological and Psychological Effects of Testosterone During Severe Energy Deficit and Recovery: a Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial [NCT02734238] | Phase 4 | 53 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Pilot Retrospective Study on the Effect of Testosterone Treatment on Clitoral Arteries' Hemodynamic Parameters. [NCT04336891] | 81 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2019-03-20 | Completed | |||
| Dosing Flexibility Study of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU, LPCN 1021) in Hypogonadal Men. [NCT03242408] | Phase 3 | 100 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-01-31 | Completed | ||
| TOTEM RRMS : TestOsterone TreatmEnt on Neuroprotection and Myelin Repair in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis [NCT03910738] | Phase 2 | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-10-29 | Recruiting | ||
| Pilot Randomized, Controlled Trial of Testosterone Therapy in Chronic Critically Ill Patients and Its Potential Effects on Weaning From Mechanical Ventilation and Intensive Care Unit-acquired Weakness [NCT03038919] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-10-31 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Two Center, Double-Blind Trial to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics and Gonadotropin Suppression of Nestorone®-Testosterone (NES/T) Combination Gel in Healthy Men [NCT02432261] | Phase 1 | 44 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-04-30 | Completed | ||
| Testosterone Replacement in Postmenopausal Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence [NCT03116087] | 60 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-03-01 | Completed | |||
| An Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Testosterone Enanthate After Single-Dose Injection Via QuickShot® Testosterone in Healthy Male Subjects [NCT02233751] | Phase 1 | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Pilot Study To Evaluate The Effect of Testosterone Enanthate On Structural and Functional Characteristics of Pelvic Floor Muscles In Postmenopausal Women With Urinary Incontinence [NCT04026880] | Phase 3 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2021-01-01 | Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of funds) | ||
| Higher-Than-Replacement Testosterone Plus Finasteride Treatment After SCI [NCT02248701] | Phase 2 | 33 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-04-27 | Terminated(stopped due to Enrollment difficulties) | ||
| A Pilot Study of Sex-Mismatched Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation for Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer [NCT02995330] | Phase 1 | 3 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-09 | Terminated(stopped due to lack of accrual) | ||
| Open-Label Study of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) in Hypogonadal Men [NCT01699178] | Phase 3 | 182 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Improving Quality of Life of Prostate Cancer Survivors With Androgen Deficiency [NCT03716739] | Phase 2 | 142 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-03-19 | Recruiting | ||
| A Single Dose Trial to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Testosterone and Anastrozole From Subcutaneous Testosterone and Anastrozole (T+Ai) in Premenopausal Women [NCT03314298] | Phase 1 | 11 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-08-14 | Completed | ||
| The Effect of Testosterone Topical Solution (LY900011) in Hypogonadal Men With Suboptimal Response to a Topical Testosterone Gel [NCT01893281] | Phase 4 | 78 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Optimizing Protein Intake in Older Americans With Mobility Limitations [NCT01275365] | Phase 3 | 92 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-05-31 | Completed | ||
| Phase III, Open-label Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU)in Hypogonadal Men [NCT01765179] | Phase 3 | 144 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-01-31 | Completed | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Study With an Open-Label Extension to Assess the Impact of Testosterone Solution on Total Testosterone, Sex Drive and Energy in Hypogonadal Men [NCT01816295] | Phase 3 | 715 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-05-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase 3, Randomized, Active-controlled, Open-label Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) in Hypogonadal Men [NCT02722278] | Phase 3 | 222 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-03-31 | Completed | ||
| A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Anabolic Effect of Testosterone on Muscles of the Pelvic Floor in Older Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence [NCT06111209] | Phase 2 | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-05-31 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Clinical Effect of Follicular Preparation With Testosterone in Poor Ovarian Response: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (TESTOPRIM) [NCT03378713] | Phase 3 | 63 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-08-07 | Completed | ||
| Hormonal Mechanisms of Sleep Restriction [NCT02256865] | Early Phase 1 | 40 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Androgel on Inflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic Males With Hypogonadism [NCT00350701] | Phase 4 | 49 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2006-07-31 | Completed | ||
| A Phase II Study to Determine Sequential Response to Bipolar Androgen Therapy (BAT) Followed by Enzalutamide or Abiraterone Post-BAT in Men With Prostate Cancer Progressing on Combined Androgen Ablative Therapies [NCT02090114] | Phase 2 | 112 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-08-25 | Completed | ||
| Cardiovascular Consequences of Hypogonadism in Men [NCT02758431] | 379 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2016-07-01 | Active, not recruiting | |||
| Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Testosterone, Metformin, or Both, for the Treatment of Obesity-induced Male Hypogonadism [NCT02514629] | Phase 3 | 107 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-07-04 | Completed | ||
| 3 Arm Open-label Randomized Multidose Study of Pharmacokinetics, Safety & Tolerability of Testosterone Enanthate Administered Subcutaneously Via an Auto-injector Device or Intramuscular Testosterone Enanthate in Hypogonadal Adult Males [NCT01887418] | Phase 1/Phase 2 | 39 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-09-30 | Completed | ||
| A Multiple-dose, 52-week Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Testosterone Enanthate Administered Subcutaneously Once Each Week to Adult Males With Hypogonadism [NCT02159469] | Phase 3 | 150 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2014-07-31 | Completed | ||
| Mechanisms of Hypertension in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome [NCT04327934] | Early Phase 1 | 22 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-12-01 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Increased bone volume fraction (the fraction of bone that is bone, as opposed to the fraction that is marrow), as determined by magnetic resonance of the distal tibia (NCT00080483)
Timeframe: baseline, one year, two years
| Intervention | unitless (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| baseline | one year | two years | |
| 1 The Effects of Testosterone Combined With G | 0.112 | 0.119 | 0.123 |
| 2 The Effects of Testosterone Alone on Structural and Mechanic | 0.104 | 0.111 | 0.114 |
Percent change in postero-anterior (PA) spine bone mineral density as measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)over a 12-month period. The differences in log-transformed values are reported as percent change. (NCT00089843)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 months
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Actonel (Risedronate) 35 mg Weekly | 3.2 |
| Testosterone | -0.6 |
type 1 collagen C-telopeptide(CTX); The differences in log-transformed values are reported as percent change. (NCT00089843)
Timeframe: Baseline to 12 months
| Intervention | percent change of CTX (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Actonel (Risedronate) | -41 |
| Testosterone | -11 |
The maximal weight a participant could lift once [1-repetition maximum, 1-RM] was assessed at baseline and 12 months. The average of the difference from baseline in 3 lower-body 1-RM measures (knee extension, knee flexion, and seated leg press)) are represented. (NCT00112151)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 months
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + No PRT | 9.4 |
| Placebo + PRT | 27.0 |
| Any T + No PRT | 10.5 |
| Any T + PRT | 28.0 |
Total change in Fat mass (kg) as evaluated by DXA (NCT00112151)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 months
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + No PRT | 0.7 |
| Placebo + PRT | -0.6 |
| Any T + No PRT | -1.0 |
| Any T + PRT | -1.8 |
Total change in Fat free mass (kg) as evaluated by DXA (NCT00112151)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 months
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + No PRT | 0.1 |
| Placebo + PRT | 0.4 |
| Any T + No PRT | 1.0 |
| Any T + PRT | 2.1 |
The maximal weight a participant could lift once (1-repetition maximum, 1-RM) was assessed at baseline and 12 months. The average of the difference from baseline in 4 upper-body 1-RM measures (bench press,incline press, overhead pull-down, and seated row) are represented. (NCT00112151)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 months
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + No PRT | 4.3 |
| Placebo + PRT | 25.5 |
| Any T + No PRT | 7.8 |
| Any T + PRT | 24.3 |
Leg extensor power was evaluated using a Nottingham leg extensor power rig (watts). (NCT00112151)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 months
| Intervention | Watts (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + No PRT | 4.5 |
| Placebo + PRT | 24.3 |
| Any T + No PRT | 0.8 |
| Any T + PRT | 5.1 |
Continuous-scale physical function performance test (CS-PFP) which comprises 15 everyday tasks requiring upper and lower body strength and flexibility, balance, coordination and endurance. The CS-PFP was developed to measure performance in higher functioning adults with minimal floor or ceiling effects, and is valid, reliable and sensitive to change. Total and domain scores are scaled from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better function. (NCT00112151)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 months
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo + No PRT | 3.1 |
| Placebo + PRT | 3.6 |
| Any T + No PRT | 0.8 |
| Any T + PRT | 3.3 |
"Myocardial perfusion (blood flow in the heart muscle) in subendocardial myocardial segments (one of the inner layers of heart muscle), supplied by coronary arteries without significant obstruction. This was measured using Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging and a dual-bolus gadnolinium infusion protocol.~Myocardial perfusion index = the ratio between myocardial perfusion measurements following adenosine-induced stress and rest measurements." (NCT00239590)
Timeframe: Testosterone versus placebo (8 week treatment period)
| Intervention | myocardial perfusion index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone | 1.83 |
| Placebo | 1.52 |
The endothelium is a single layer of cells that line all blood vessels and regulates arterial function. Coronary artery disease causes dysfunction of the endothelium but some substances/drugs help to reverse this dysfunction. In this study, endothelial function was measured by radial applanation tonometry which measures the blood pressure waveform during each cardiac cycle (heart beat). Radial artery pulse recordings were acquired, with an averaged waveform generated from 20 sequential waveforms. Augmentation index (AIx) is derived from this averaged waveform, and is the ratio of the pulse pressure at the second systolic arterial pressure waveform peak to that of the first systolic peak. The change in AIx before and after salbutamol (400mcg) is a measure of endothelial function. (NCT00239590)
Timeframe: Testosterone versus placebo (8 week treatment period)
| Intervention | Augmentation index (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone | 76.5 |
| Placebo | 79.4 |
Resting Energy Expenditure was obtained by the measurement of exhaled air from fractions of mixed expired oxygen and carbon dioxide by a process known as indirect calorimetry. Data was collected under steady state conditions. Participants arrived at the laboratory for testing between the hours of 8:00 and 10:00 in the morning, following a 12-h fast, with a minimum of 24 h free from any type of exercise. (NCT00266864)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | kcal/day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Replacement Therapy | 1440 |
| No Intervention | 1339 |
"Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry assessment of lean tissue mass (LTM) at 12 months. Total body scans were performed and the energy level used for each total body scan was based on subject thickness (e. g., thin, standard, or thick). To analyze the results of each total body scan, proprietary software algorithms were used to segment the body into trunk, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities using the standard regions of interest. In accordance with International Society for Clinical Densitometry guidelines, total body scans were repeated on 30 spinal cord injury subjects by the on-and-off -the-table method (i. e., subjects were repositioned between scans) and our precision error was equal to 1.2 % for LTM." (NCT00266864)
Timeframe: 12 months
| Intervention | kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Replacement Therapy | 53.1 |
| No Intervention | 50.5 |
To measure the percent change from baseline at 8 weeks in Nuclear Factor kB DNA binding activity (in arbitrary units normalized to 100% at baseline) between AndroGel and Placebo using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Values at 8 weeks are converted to percent change and compared between the groups (NCT00350701)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
| Intervention | Percent change from baseline (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | 8 week | |
| Androgel 10g | 100 | 82 |
| Androgel 5g | 100 | 236 |
| Placebo | 100 | 100 |
Comparison of relative percent change from baseline at 8 weeks in reactive oxygen species generation (measured as arbitrary units normalized to 100% at baseline) in mononuclear cells after either AndroGel or placebo using chemiluminescence PMSF activation assay. Values at 8 weeks are converted to percentage of the baseline and compared between the groups (NCT00350701)
Timeframe: 8 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of baseline value (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | 8 week | |
| Androgel 10g | 100 | 125 |
| Androgel 5g | 100 | 91 |
| Placebo | 100 | 110 |
To measure the relative percent change from baseline in the inflammatory mediator (CRP) at 8 weeks (values in ng/ml normalized to100% at baseline) following treatment with androgel compared to placebo. Values (in ng/ml) are converted to percentage of baseline at 8 weeks. (NCT00350701)
Timeframe: 8 week
| Intervention | percentage of baseline value (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| baseline | 8 week | |
| Androgel 10g | 100 | 130 |
| Androgel 5g | 100 | 68 |
| Placebo | 100 | 95 |
as assessed by Voxel-Based Morphometry (NCT00405353)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 months
| Intervention | percent change in brain volume (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Arm/ Group | .82 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, and 70 post injection at week 4
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax >1000 ng/dL | Cmax >1100 ng/dL | Cmax >1250 ng/dL | Cmax <300 or >1000 ng/dL | |
| C2-TU 750 mg | 8.7 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 60.9 |
Clinical success is defined as having both Cavg and Ctrough between 300 and 1000 ng/dL (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 70 post injection at week 14
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 53.8 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 42, and 70 post injection at week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 96.2 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 42, and 70 post injection at week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 37.5 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 70 post injection at week 14
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 51.3 |
Responders were participants with serum total testosterone Cavg between 300 and 1000 ng/dL derived from the 4th injection IPK interval. (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 42, and 70 post injection at week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 96.2 |
Responders were participants with serum total testosterone average concentration (Cavg) between 300 and 1000 ng/dL derived from the 3rd injection intensive pharmacokinetic (IPK) interval. (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 70 post injection at week 14
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 94.0 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 0.06 |
Difference in Body Mass Index (BMI) from baseline to week 24 calculated from weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2) (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 24
| Intervention | kg/m2 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 0.023 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 42, and 70 post injection at week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax ≤1500 ng/dL | Cmax >1500 to <1800 ng/dL | Cmax 1800 to 2500 ng/dL | Cmax >2500 ng/dL | |
| C-TU 750 mg | 92.3 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 0 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Screening; day 0; and weeks 4, 14, 24, 34, and 44
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Screening (n=22) | Day 0 (n=23) | Week 4 (n=23) | Week 14 (n=23) | Week 24 (n=23) | Week 34 (n=22) | Week 44 (n=20) | |
| C2-TU 750 mg | 197.629 | 210.363 | 254.669 | 317.419 | 316.215 | 374.698 | 375.797 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Screening; day 0; days 0, 4, 7, 11, and 14 post injection at week 4; weeks 14, 24, 34, and 44
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Screening (n=22) | Day 0 (n=23) | Day 0 at Week 4 (n=23) | Day 4 post injection at Week 4 (n=20) | Day 7 post injection at Week 4 (n=22) | Day 11 post injection at Week 4 (n=22) | Day 14 post injection at week 4 (n=21) | Week 14 (n=23) | Week 24 (n=23) | Week 34 (n=22) | Week 44 (n=20) | |
| C2-TU 750 mg | 197.629 | 210.363 | 254.669 | 578.419 | 606.484 | 580.614 | 545.236 | 317.419 | 316.215 | 374.698 | 375.797 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, and 70 post injection at week 4
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 0 (n=23) | Day 4 (n=20) | Day 7 (n=22) | Day 11 (n=22) | Day 14 (n=21) | Day 70 (n=23) | |
| C2-TU 750 mg | 180.33 | 301.85 | 322.74 | 332.92 | 324.74 | 230.71 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Post injection at week 1; post injection at week 8; days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 post injection at week 20; and post injection at weeks 32, 44, 56, 68, and 80
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| B-TU 750 mg | 986.364 |
| B-TU 1000 mg | 1047.739 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 70 post injection at week 14
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 94.9 |
Serum total testosterone Ctrough derived from the 2nd injection IPK interval (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Day 70 post injection at week 4
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C2-TU 750 mg | 317.419 |
Serum total testosterone Cavg derived from the 2nd injection IPK interval (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, and 70 post injection at week 4
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C2-TU 750 mg | 449.6455 |
Serum total testosterone Cavg derived from the 3rd injection IPK interval (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 70 post injection at week 14
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 494.9373 |
Serum total testosterone Cavg derived from the 4th injection IPK interval (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 42, and 70 post injection at week 24
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 514.2792 |
Serum total testosterone concentration at the end of the dosing interval (Ctrough) derived from the 3rd injection IPK interval (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Day 70 post injection at week 14
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 323.522 |
Serum total testosterone Ctrough derived from the 4th injection IPK interval (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Day 70 post injection at week 24
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 342.800 |
Serum total testosterone Cmax derived from the 2nd injection IPK interval (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, and 70 post injection at week 4
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C2-TU 750 mg | 689.002 |
Serum total testosterone maximum concentration (Cmax) derived from the 3rd injection IPK interval (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 70 post injection at week 14
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 890.583 |
Serum total testosterone Cmax derived from the 4th injection IPK interval (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 42, and 70 post injection at week 24
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 837.648 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 84 post injection at week 1, week 12, week 24, and week 36; and post injection at weeks 48, 60, 72, 84, 96, 108, and 120
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| A-TU 750 mg | 805.867 |
| A-TU 1000 mg | 1023.591 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Screening; day 0; days 0, 4, 7, 11, and 14 post injection at week 4; and weeks 14, 24, 34, and 44
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C2-TU 750 mg | 711.343 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 70 post injection at week 14
| Intervention | days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 50.2 |
Serum total testosterone concentrations outside the normal range are categorized as <300 ng/dL (below lower limit of normal range) and >1000 ng/dL (above upper limit of normal range) (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Screening; day 0; days 0, 4, 7, 11, and 14 post injection at week 4; weeks 14, 24, 34, and 44
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Screening, <300 ng/dL | Screening, >1000 ng/dL | Day 0, <300 ng/dL | Day 0, >1000 ng/dL | Day 0 at Week 4, <300 ng/dL | Day 0 at Week 4, >1000 ng/dL | Day 4 post injection at Week 4, <300 ng/dL | Day 4 post injection at Week 4, >1000 ng/dL | Day 7 post injection at Week 4, <300 ng/dL | Day 7 post injection at Week 4, >1000 ng/dL | Day 11 post injection at Week 4, <300 ng/dL | Day 11 post injection at Week 4, >1000 ng/dL | Day 14 post injection at Week 4, <300 ng/dL | Day 14 post injection at Week 4, >1000 ng/dL | Week 14, <300 ng/dL | Week 14, >1000 ng/dL | Week 24, <300 ng/dL | Week 24, >1000 ng/dL | Week 34, <300 ng/dL | Week 34, >1000 ng/dL | Week 44, <300 ng/dL | Week 44, >1000 ng/dL | |
| C2-TU 750 mg | 100.0 | 0 | 91.3 | 0 | 78.3 | 0 | 15.0 | 5.0 | 0 | 9.1 | 0 | 4.5 | 0 | 4.8 | 52.2 | 0 | 47.8 | 0 | 36.4 | 0 | 35.0 | 0 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 42, and 70 post injection at week 24
| Intervention | days (Mean) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 60.6 |
Success was defined as having ≥85% of participants with Cmax ≤1500 ng/dL, ≤5% of participants with Cmax 1800-2500 ng/dL, and no participants with Cmax >2500 ng/dL. (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, and 70 post injection at week 4
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax ≤1500 ng/dL | Cmax 1800-2500 ng/dL | Cmax >2500 ng/dL | |
| C2-TU 750 mg | 95.7 | 0 | 0 |
Success is defined as having ≥85% of participants with Cmax ≤1500 ng/dL, ≤5% of participants with Cmax 1800-2500 ng/dL, and no participants with Cmax >2500 ng/dL. (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 70 post injection at week 14
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax ≤1500 ng/dL | Cmax 1800-2500 ng/dL | Cmax >2500 ng/dL | |
| C-TU 750 mg | 92.3 | 0 | 0 |
Success is defined as having ≥85% of participants with Cmax ≤1500 ng/dL, ≤5% of participants with Cmax 1800-2500 ng/dL, and no participants with Cmax >2500 ng/dL. (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 42, and 70 post injection at week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax ≤1500 ng/dL | Cmax 1800-2500 ng/dL | Cmax >2500 ng/dL | |
| C-TU 750 mg | 92.3 | 3.8 | 0 |
Clinical success is defined as having both Cavg and Ctrough between 300 and 1000 ng/dL (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 42, and 70 post injection at week 24
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| C-TU 750 mg | 62.5 |
(NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, and 70 post injection at week 14
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax ≤1500 ng/dL | Cmax >1500-<1800 ng/dL | Cmax 1800-2500 ng/dL | Cmax >2500 ng/dL | |
| C-TU 750 mg | 92.3 | 7.7 | 0 | 0 |
M-PGA is a 5-item self-report questionnaire to assess perception of change from pretreatment or baseline in hypogonadal symptoms including confidence/self-esteem, sexual performance, moods/behavior, overall feeling of well-being, and satisfaction with study treatment rated on a 7-point scale where items 1-4 were rated as 1 (very much improved), 2 (much improved), 3 (minimally improved), 4 (no change), 5 (minimally worse), 6 (much worse), 7 (very much worse) and item 5 was rated as 1 (very much satisfied), 2 (much satisfied), 3 (minimally satisfied), 4 (neither satisfied nor dissatisfied), 5 (minimally dissatisfied), 6 (much dissatisfied), 7 (very much dissatisfied). Collapsed ratings: Improved=Very much, much, or minimally improved; Worsened=Very much, much, or minimally worse; No change; Satisfied=Very much, much, or minimally satisfied; Not satisfied=Very much, much, or minimally dissatisfied; No opinion (neither satisfied nor dissatisfied). (NCT00467870)
Timeframe: Day 21 post injection at week 14
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confidence or Self-Esteem Improved | Confidence or Self-Esteem No Change | Confidence or Self-Esteem Worsened | Satisfaction with Sexual Performance Improved | Satisfaction with Sexual Performance No Change | Satisfaction with Sexual Performance Worsened | General Moods and Behavoir Improved | General Moods and Behavoir No Change | General Moods and Behavoir Worsened | Overal Feeling of Well-Being Improved | Overal Feeling of Well-Being No Change | Overal Feeling of Well-Being Worsened | Satisfaction with Study Treatment Satisfied | Satisfaction with Study Treatment No Opinion | Satisfaction with Study Treatment Not Satisfied | |
| C-TU 750 mg | 82.6 | 17.4 | 0 | 80.0 | 17.4 | 2.6 | 80.9 | 19.1 | 0 | 81.7 | 18.3 | 0 | 92.2 | 7.8 | 0 |
"Dietary protein intake will be assessed using a 3-day food log and subjects will be counseled to increase protein intake if needed using the guide Healthy Ways to Eat More Protein." (NCT00475501)
Timeframe: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
| Intervention | gm/body weight (kg) (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| protein intake baseline | protein intake 3 months | protein intake 6 months | protein intake 9 months | protein intake 12 months n = 1,1,2,5 | |
| Arm 1 | 0.97 | 0.87 | 0.74 | 1.15 | 1.18 |
| Arm 2 | 1.06 | 0.94 | 1.27 | 1.20 | 0.74 |
| Arm 3 | 0.99 | 1.49 | 1.05 | 1.26 | 1.39 |
| Arm 4 | 1.00 | 1.12 | 0.93 | 0.82 | 1.05 |
"Benton Judgment of Line Orientation Test is a standardized test with 30 items that is specific for visual spatial cognition. Tests will be administered at baseline, after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of treatment.~The minimum score is 0, indicating low visual spatial cognition. The maximum score is 30, indicating high visual spatial cognition" (NCT00475501)
Timeframe: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benton baseline | Benton 3 months | Benton 6 months | Benton 9 months | Benton 12 months | |
| Arm 1 | 24.54 | 25.00 | 25.90 | 25.38 | 25.67 |
| Arm 2 | 24.39 | 25.40 | 25.11 | 23.89 | 25.5 |
| Arm 3 | 25.88 | 25.07 | 26.0 | 25.79 | 26.17 |
| Arm 4 | 24.69 | 25.67 | 25.08 | 24.92 | 24.08 |
"Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test is a widely used standardized neuropsychological test for assessing visuospatial constructional functions, visuographic memory, and some aspects of planning.~The drawing is scored by a blinded neuropsychologist on a scale of 0 to 30 with 30 representing a perfect drawing." (NCT00475501)
Timeframe: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rey baseline | Rey 3 month | Rey 6 month | Rey 9 month | Rey 12 month | |
| Arm 1 | 12.42 | 16.68 | 15.76 | 15.25 | 16.86 |
| Arm 2 | 13.54 | 12.85 | 16.17 | 15.17 | 15 |
| Arm 3 | 12.82 | 16.27 | 17.38 | 18.08 | 19.27 |
| Arm 4 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 14 | 15.55 | 16.45 |
1-RM strength testing for 5 exercises will be performed using dynamic resistance exercise machines. Testing will be performed before treatment (baseline), at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment. (NCT00475501)
Timeframe: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
| Intervention | kg (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| leg press baseline Kg | leg press 3-months change kg | leg press 6-months change kg | leg press 9-months change kg | leg press 12-months change kg | |
| Arm 1 | 129.1 | 9.192 | 10.227 | 14.416 | 14.773 |
| Arm 2 | 109.4 | -1.34 | -1.136 | -5.55 | 0 |
| Arm 3 | 137.2 | 9.679 | 13.778 | 10.49 | 12.5 |
| Arm 4 | 118.8 | -2.44 | 2.727 | 2.02 | 1.515 |
Life Satisfaction: is a written test of psychological well-being that will be performed at baseline, after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of treatment. This is a 20-point scale, with a possible range of scores from 0 to 20. A higher score represents greater life satisfaction. (NCT00475501)
Timeframe: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
| Intervention | points (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Life Satisfaction A baseline | Life Satisfaction A 3 months | Life Satisfaction A 6 months | Life Satisfaction A 9 months | Life Satisfaction A 12 months | |
| Arm 1 | 13.83 | 12.67 | 13.70 | 14.75 | 15.17 |
| Arm 2 | 12.08 | 12.11 | 14.44 | 13.44 | 12.5 |
| Arm 3 | 11.35 | 12.27 | 11.20 | 11.57 | 12.17 |
| Arm 4 | 12.69 | 14.13 | 13.54 | 13.17 | 13.83 |
Transrectal ultrasound sizing of prostate will be performed using the B&K Diagnostic System 3535, with 7 mega hertz transrectal probe at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of treatment. (NCT00475501)
Timeframe: baseline, 6 month, 12 months
| Intervention | cc (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| postate volume baseline cc | change prostate volume 6 months cc | change prostate volume 12 months cc | |
| Arm 1 | 26.4 | 7.626 | 11.42 |
| Arm 2 | 29.7 | -1.984 | -4.93 |
| Arm 3 | 37.1 | -3.927 | -1.72 |
| Arm 4 | 36.9 | -1.474 | -2.891 |
Trail-Making Test, Part A: is a standardized test of cognitive function which specifically assesses working memory, visual processing, visual spatial skills, selective and divided attention, and psychomotor coordination. the test is scored as seconds required to successful completion of the task with a lower score representing better performance. The mean score on test is 30.75 second with a standard deviation of 16.27. (NCT00475501)
Timeframe: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
| Intervention | sec (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trails A baseline | Trails A 3 months | Trails A 6 months | Trails A 9 months | Trails A 12 months | |
| Arm 1 | 37.59 | 38.5 | 32.9 | 31.0 | 29.17 |
| Arm 2 | 46.42 | 42.1 | 39.0 | 38.56 | 40.0 |
| Arm 3 | 36.65 | 33.53 | 31.2 | 29.07 | 32.5 |
| Arm 4 | 44.0 | 44.33 | 36.92 | 43.17 | 43.75 |
Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA): We will assess bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition using a fan-bean densitometer (Lunar Prodigy, General Electric Medical Systems). (NCT00475501)
Timeframe: baseline, 12 months
| Intervention | gm/cc (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| L2-L4 spine BMD baseline gm/cc | change L2-L4 spine BMD 12 month gm/cc | |
| Arm 1 | 1.03 | 0.049 |
| Arm 2 | 1.02 | 0.002 |
| Arm 3 | 0.99 | 0.053 |
| Arm 4 | 1.07 | -0.020 |
"Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): This 15-item, yes/no questionnaire will be administered at baseline, after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of treatment.~The minimum score is 0 = no depressive symptoms The maximum score is 15 = a very high level of depressive symptoms" (NCT00475501)
Timeframe: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| depression baseline | depression 3 months | depression 6 months | depression 9 months | depression 12 months | |
| Testosterone Finasteride | 4.93 | 3.23 | 5.0 | 3.69 | 3.73 |
| Testosterone Vehicle | 2.38 | 1.80 | 1.5 | 0.88 | 3.33 |
| Vehicle Finasteride | 3.08 | 2.90 | 2.22 | 1.89 | 2.88 |
| Vehicle Placebo | 2.13 | 1.67 | 1.62 | 2.92 | 1.83 |
Hematocrit was assessed as a part of routine blood analysis at the indicated time points. (NCT00475501)
Timeframe: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
| Intervention | % volume (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| hematocrit baseline % | change hematocrit 3 months % | change hematocrit 6 months % | change hematocrit 9 months % | change hematocrit 12 months % | |
| Arm 1 | 42.6 | 3.6 | 4.044 | 4.071 | 5.22 |
| Arm 2 | 41.2 | 0.611 | 0.557 | 0.63 | -1.175 |
| Arm 3 | 42.0 | 4.593 | 4.331 | 3.38 | 4.173 |
| Arm 4 | 40.3 | -0.06 | 0.514 | -0.155 | -0.192 |
Grip strength in the dominant arm will be measured by using a dynamometer. Testing will be performed at baseline, after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of treatment. (NCT00475501)
Timeframe: baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months
| Intervention | kg (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grip strength baseline kg | change grip strength 3 month kg | change grip strength 6 month kg | change grip strength 9 month kg | change grip strength 12 month kg | |
| Testosterone Finasteride | 18.2 | 0.485 | 1.00 | 1.331 | 1.174 |
| Testosterone Vehicle | 17.0 | 1.66 | 2.02 | 1.558 | 1.909 |
| Vehicle Finasteride | 16.9 | -0.045 | 0.812 | 1.25 | 1.477 |
| Vehicle Placebo | 17.472 | 0.212 | -0.035 | 0.152 | 0.72 |
PSA level week 10 end of treatment (NCT00490555)
Timeframe: 10 weeks
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1) Placebo | 0.8 |
| 2) Testosterone Gel | 0.9 |
| 3) T Gel +Dutasteride | 0.7 |
| 4) T Gel+ DMPA | 0.4 |
(NCT00490555)
Timeframe: 10 weeks
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1) Placebo | 4.0 |
| 2) Testosterone Gel | 4.4 |
| 3) T Gel +Dutasteride | 7.0 |
| 4) T Gel+ DMPA | 1.8 |
(NCT00490555)
Timeframe: 10 weeks
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1) Placebo | 0.5 |
| 2) Testosterone Gel | 1.8 |
| 3) T Gel +Dutasteride | 0.5 |
| 4) T Gel+ DMPA | 0.6 |
(NCT00490555)
Timeframe: 10 weeks
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1) Placebo | 4.3 |
| 2) Testosterone Gel | 3.5 |
| 3) T Gel +Dutasteride | 3.8 |
| 4) T Gel+ DMPA | 3.2 |
(NCT00490555)
Timeframe: 10 weeks
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| 1) Placebo | 0.9 |
| 2) Testosterone Gel | 0.9 |
| 3) T Gel +Dutasteride | 1.8 |
| 4) T Gel+ DMPA | 0.7 |
Values represent total score in Long Delay Word List Recall. Higher score indicates higher level of functioning (range 0-15). Month 3 and Month 6 indicate change from baseline. (NCT00539305)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 and 6 months
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 (Change from Baseline) | Month 6 (Change from Baseline) | |
| Placebo Group | 4.9 | 0.0 | 1.5 |
| Treatment Group | 6.2 | 2.3 | 0.9 |
Self assessment of Physical Functioning in Health Survey. Higher scores indicate a higher level of functioning (range 0-100). Month 3 and 6 values represent change from baseline in subscale. (NCT00539305)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 (Change from Baseline) | Month 6 (Change from Baseline) | |
| Placebo Group | 85.6 | -3.8 | -5.4 |
| Treatment Group | 70.7 | 15.0 | 6.4 |
Values represent self evaluation of depression (range 0-30). Higher scores indicate a more depressed mood. Month 3 and Month 6 indicate change from baseline. (NCT00539305)
Timeframe: Baseline, Month 3, Month 6
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 (Change from Baseline) | Month 6 (Change from Baseline) | |
| Placebo Group | 4.1 | 2.3 | 2.7 |
| Treatment Group | 7.2 | 0.7 | -2.8 |
Values represent self evaluation of vigor-activity. The scale compares t-scores of participants to published norms (range 0-100), and higher scores indicate elevated emotion in subscale. Higher t-scores in vigor-activity subscale are considered favorable. Month 3 and Month 6 values display change from baseline. (NCT00539305)
Timeframe: Baseline, 3 and 6 months
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 (Change from Baseline) | Month 6 (Change from Baseline) | |
| Placebo Group | 55.5 | -0.1 | -0.5 |
| Treatment Group | 57.7 | -4.5 | 1.9 |
(NCT00663793)
Timeframe: 14 Days
| Intervention | nmol*h/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| external matrix 'immediate' release | external matrix 'fast' release | external matrix 'slow' release | |
| Testosterone Only | 1812 | 1961 | 1944 |
| Testosterone Plus Finasteride | 2241 | 2002 | 3129 |
(NCT00663793)
Timeframe: 14 days
| Intervention | nmol*h/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| external matrix 'immediate' release | external matrix 'fast' release | external matrix 'slow' release | |
| Testosterone Only | 143 | 144 | 162 |
| Testosterone Plus Finasteride | 198 | 384 | 237 |
(NCT00663793)
Timeframe: 14-days
| Intervention | nmol*h/L (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| external matrix 'immediate' release | external matrix 'fast' release | external matrix 'slow' release | |
| Testosterone Only | 36 | 42 | 39 |
| Testosterone Plus Finasteride | 23 | 26 | 26 |
Sampling to determine serum T Cavg post AM and PM doses and for 24 hours in Treatment Periods 1, 2, and 4. Sampling to determine serum T Cavg post AM dose with food (Day 7) and fasting (Day 8) in Treatment Period 3. (NCT00695110)
Timeframe: 30 minutes pre-dose and 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 hours and 0,1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours post respective AM/PM doses
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cavg (0-24) | Cavg (AM dose) with food | Cavg (PM dose) with food | |
| Treatment Period 1 | 792 | 765 | 819 |
| Treatment Period 2 | 654 | 657 | 651 |
| Treatment Period 4 | 541 | 533 | 548 |
Sampling to determine serum T Cavg post AM and PM doses and for 24 hours in Treatment Periods 1, 2, and 4. Sampling to determine serum T Cavg post AM dose with food (Day 7) and fasting (Day 8) in Treatment Period 3. (NCT00695110)
Timeframe: 30 minutes pre-dose and 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 hours and 0,1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours post respective AM/PM doses
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Cavg (AM dose) with food | Cavg (AM dose) fasting | |
| Treatment Period 3 | 518 | 241 |
Sampling to determine serum T AUC post AM and PM doses and for 24 hours in Treatment Periods 1, 2, and 4. Sampling to determine serum T AUC with food (Day 7) and fasting (Day 8) in Treatment Period 3. (NCT00695110)
Timeframe: 30 minutes pre-dose and 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 hours and 0,1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours post respective AM/PM doses
| Intervention | (ng•hr/dL) (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| AUC (0-24) | AUC (0-12) (AM dose) with food | AUC (12-24) (PM dose) with food | |
| Treatment Period 1 | 19009 | 9179 | 9830 |
| Treatment Period 2 | 15693 | 7881 | 7812 |
| Treatment Period 4 | 12980 | 6601 | 2894 |
Sampling to determine serum T AUC post AM and PM doses and for 24 hours in Treatment Periods 1, 2, and 4. Sampling to determine serum T AUC with food (Day 7) and fasting (Day 8) in Treatment Period 3. (NCT00695110)
Timeframe: 30 minutes pre-dose and 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 hours and 0,1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours post respective AM/PM doses
| Intervention | (ng•hr/dL) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| AUC (0-12) (AM dose) with food | AUC (0-12) (AM dose) fasting | |
| Treatment Period 3 | 6217 | 2894 |
"Participants were asked to respond to a Sexual Satisfaction One Item Measure which asked Overall, how satisfactory to you is your sexual relationship with your partner? Response options range from 1 (Extremely unsatisfactory) to 6 (Extremely satisfactory)." (NCT00698035)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4, Week 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SS (BL) | SS (W4) | SS (W12) | |
| Estring | 2.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 |
| Testosterone Cream | 3.2 | 3.7 | 4.0 |
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (Quest Diagnostics). Persistently elevated serum estradiol level outside the post-menopausal range was defined as: Serum estradiol >10 pg/dl on two consecutive collections at least 4 weeks apart. 2. If baseline estradiol was >10 pg/dl, subsequent levels >10 pg/ml higher than baseline were considered a significant elevation outside the post-menopausal range. (NCT00698035)
Timeframe: 12 Weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Estring | 0 |
| Testosterone Cream | 4 |
During a gynecologic exam, the vaginal epithelium was assessed by an examiner using the Vaginal Atrophy Scoring Scale to evaluate Rugae (lack of), Pallor (pinkness), Petechiae, Mucosal thinning, Dryness. Scores range from 0 (none) to 3 (severe); higher scores indicate less favorable outcomes. (NCT00698035)
Timeframe: Baseline, 12 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rugae | Pallor | Petechiae | Mucosal thinning | Dryness | |
| Estring | -1.03 | -0.88 | -1.0 | -0.62 | -1.03 |
| Testosterone Cream | -0.71 | -0.91 | -0.74 | -0.88 | -0.71 |
Serum estradiol assays sent to the UCSF clinical laboratory are sent out to Quest Diagnostics, which uses LC/MS for their ultra-sensitive estradiol assay. Samples were also sent to a specialized research lab in England which has developed an ultrasensitive assay using radioimmunoassay (RIA) after ether extraction (sensitivity limit of 3pmol/l) to quantify low levels of estradiol found in post-menopausal women (NCT00698035)
Timeframe: baseline, 4 weeks
| Intervention | pg/ml (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline E2 | 4-week E2 | |
| E2 by LC/MS | 17.7 | 7.8 |
| E2 by RIA | 17.9 | 2.9 |
serial measurements of serum estradiol (E2) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (Quest Diagnostics) (NCT00698035)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | pg/ml (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| E2 at baseline | E2 at 4 weeks | E2 at 12 weeks | |
| Estring | 27 | 5 | 9 |
| Testosterone Cream | 9 | 10 | 8 |
Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System (CARES) Sexual Dysfunction (SD) and Sexual Interest (SI) Subscales range from 0 to 4 and measure the severity of problems, with higher scores indicating more difficulty. (NCT00698035)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4, Week 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SI (BL) | SI (W4) | SI (W12) | SD (BL) | SD (W4) | SD (W12) | |
| Estring | 1.2 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 2.9 | 2.4 | 2.0 |
| Testosterone Cream | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 1.9 |
By serum ultrasensitive total testosterone test (Quest Diagnostics) (NCT00698035)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/dl (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Testosterone at baseline | Testosterone at 4 weeks | Testosterone at 12 weeks | |
| Testosterone Cream | 33 | 186 | 171 |
(NCT00729859)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Day 28 | |
| Group 1: Acyline + Placebo Gel, Placebo Pill | 4.3 | 0.31 |
| Group 2: Acyline, Testosterone Gel | 4.7 | 0.69 |
| Group 3: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Anastrozole | 4.4 | 1.55 |
(NCT00729859)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28, Day 56
| Intervention | mmol/L (Mean) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total cholesterol Day 0 | Total cholesterol Day 28 | Total cholesterol Day 56 | LDL choesterol Day 0 | LDL cholesterol Day 28 | LDL cholesterol Day 56 | HDL cholesterol Day 0 | HDL cholesterol Day 28 | HDL cholesterol Day 56 | Triglycerides Day 0 | Triglycerides Day 28 | Triglycerides Day 56 | |
| Group 1: Acyline + Placebo Gel, Placebo Pill | 4.97 | 5.44 | 4.95 | 2.95 | 3.29 | 2.87 | 1.19 | 1.37 | 1.19 | 1.79 | 1.73 | 1.89 |
| Group 2: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Placebo Pill | 4.48 | 4.51 | 4.14 | 2.77 | 2.80 | 2.49 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 0.82 | 0.86 | 0.80 |
| Group 3: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Oral Anastrozole | 4.56 | 4.56 | 4.27 | 2.67 | 2.75 | 2.51 | 1.40 | 1.32 | 1.30 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.02 |
(NCT00729859)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28, Day 56
| Intervention | picomolar (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Day 28 | Day 56 | |
| Group 1: Acyline + Placebo Gel, Placebo Pill | 54 | 69 | 54 |
| Group 2: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Placebo Pill | 65 | 59 | 64 |
| Group 3: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Oral Anastrozole | 50 | 42 | 50 |
Number of CD33 + CD134+ cells as a percentage of all lymphocytes (NCT00729859)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28
| Intervention | percentage of all lymphocytes (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Day 28 | |
| Group 1: Acyline + Placebo Gel + Placebo Pill | 0.101 | 0.081 |
(NCT00729859)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28
| Intervention | pmol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Day 28 | |
| Group 1: Acyline + Placebo Gel, Placebo Pill | 95.4 | 31.9 |
| Group 2: Acyline, Testosterone Gel | 117.8 | 109.0 |
| Group 3: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Anastrozole Pill | 96.3 | 36.5 |
(NCT00729859)
Timeframe: Baseline, 28 days
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Day 28 | |
| Group 1: Acyline + Placebo Gel, Placebo Pill | 4.2 | 0.42 |
| Group 2: Acyline, Testosterone Gel | 2.9 | 0.39 |
| Group 3: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Anastrazole Pill | 2.5 | 0.87 |
HOMA IR is a measure of insulin sensitivity calculated using fasting insulin and glucose concentration in a participants blood. Higher HOMA IR numbers are associated with increased insulin resistance and decreased insulin sensitivity. (NCT00729859)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28, Day 56
| Intervention | HOMA score (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Day 28 | Day 56 | |
| Group 1: Acyline + Placebo Gel, Placebo Pill | 1.8 | 2.4 | 2.2 |
| Group 2: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Placebo Pill | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
| Group 3: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Oral Anastrozole | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.7 |
QUICKI is a measure of insulin sensitivity calculated using fasting insulin and glucose concentration in a participants blood. Higher QUICKI are associated with decreased insulin resistance and increased insulin sensitivity. (NCT00729859)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28, Day 56
| Intervention | QUICKI index (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Day 28 | Day 56 | |
| Group 1: Acyline + Placebo Gel, Placebo Pill | 0.36 | 0.34 | 0.35 |
| Group 2: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Placebo Pill | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
| Group 3: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Oral Anastrozole | 0.36 | 0.38 | 0.36 |
(NCT00729859)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Day 28 | |
| Group 1: Acyline + Placebo Gel, Placebo Pill | 34.9 | 37.5 |
| Group 2: Acyline, Testosterone Gel | 23.0 | 22.1 |
| Group 3: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Anastrozole Pill | 27.6 | 25.1 |
(NCT00729859)
Timeframe: Baseline, Day 28
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline testosterone concentration | Day 28 testosterone concentration | |
| Group 1: Acyline + Placebo Gel, Placebo Pill | 15.4 | 0.8 |
| Group 2: Acyline, Testosterone Gel | 16.3 | 17.8 |
| Group 3: Acyline, Testosterone Gel, Anastrozole | 16.5 | 19.0 |
Ocular Discomfort Score on a 0-4 scale where 0=none and 4=constant discomfort at Visit 4 (Day 168) (NCT00755183)
Timeframe: 168 days
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Ophthalmic Solution | 1.70 |
| Vehicle | 1.33 |
The average of the secretion color, quality, and viscosity of the worst gland in the worst eye. All scales were numerical analog, 0-3, where 0=normal and 3=worst. (NCT00755183)
Timeframe: 168 days
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Ophthalmic Solution | 0.80 |
| Vehicle | 0.96 |
The number and percentage of men who increased the distance walked in the 6-Minute Walk Test by at least 50 meters. (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (Number of participants who increased walk distance > or = 50 meters, change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 20 | 24 | 28 | 35 |
| Placebo Gel | 14 | 23 | 22 | 20 |
The number of participants whose score on the physical-function domain (PF-10; range, 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better function) of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) increased by at least 8 points from baseline to Month 12. (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 77 | 72 | 77 | 66 |
| Placebo Gel | 59 | 73 | 60 | 58 |
"Baseline score and change in responses to Question 4 of the Psychosexual Daily Questionnaire (PDQ-Q4) from baseline to Month 12.~Question 4 asks 12 questions about sexual activity. Scores on the PDQ-Q4 range from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating more activity.~The change is measured form the baseline value to Month 12." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | units on the PDQ-Q4 scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 9 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
| Placebo Gel | 1.4 | 0.1 | -0.1 | -0.1 | -0.1 |
"Baseline score and the change in score on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) from baseline to Month 12.~Scores on the IIEF range from 0-30, with higher scores indicating better function." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | Score on the IIEF test scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 9 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 8.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.1 |
| Placebo Gel | 7.7 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
"Baseline score and the changes in the score of the sexual-desire domain of the Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning in Men-II (DISF-M-II), from baseline to Month 12.~Scores on the (DISF-M-II) range from 0 to 33, with higher scores indicating greater sexual desire." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | Score on the DISF-M-II scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 9 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 11.9 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 2.6 |
| Placebo Gel | 11.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.0 |
"Baseline score and change in the total positive affect score of the Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS) from baseline to Month 12.~Scores for positive affect and for negative affect on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scales range from 5 to 50, with higher scores indicating a greater intensity of the affect." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | Score on the PANAS test scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 9 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 15.3 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.7 |
| Placebo Gel | 15.4 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
"Baseline score and change in the total negative affect score of the Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS) from baseline to Month 12.~Scores for positive affect and for negative affect on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scales range from 5 to 50, with higher scores indicating a greater intensity of the affect." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | Score on the PANAS test scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 9 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 7.5 | -0.2 | -0.4 | -0.2 | -0.6 |
| Placebo Gel | 7.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | -0.1 | -0.1 |
Baseline score and change in the FACIT- Fatigue score from baseline to Month 12. Scores on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) - Fatigue scale range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating less fatigue. (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | Score on the FACIT- Fatigue test scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 9 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 31.6 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 8.6 | 8.0 |
| Placebo Gel | 31.3 | 7.2 | 5.9 | 7.2 | 6.7 |
"The number of participants whose score on the FACIT-Fatigue scale increased by at least 4 points.~Scores on the FACIT- Fatigue scale range from 0 to 52, with higher scores indicating less fatigue." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (Number of participants who increased FACIT-Fatigue score > or = to 4, change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 148 | 144 | 148 | 147 |
| Placebo Gel | 138 | 126 | 127 | 120 |
"Baseline score and change in score in the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) from baseline to Month 12.~Scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) depression scale range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater intensity of depressive symptoms." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | Score on the PHQ-9 test scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 9 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 6.6 | -1.3 | -1.7 | -1.9 | -1.8 |
| Placebo Gel | 6.6 | -0.8 | -0.5 | -1.2 | -1.1 |
Baseline score and change in the SF-36 Vitality Score from baseline to Month 12 Scores on the vitality scale of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating less fatigue. (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | Score on the SF-36 vitality scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 9 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 50.6 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 8.2 |
| Placebo Gel | 49.4 | 5.9 | 4.5 | 5.7 | 6.1 |
"Baseline score and the change in score on the physical-function scale (PF-10) of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better function.~Scores were measured as the change from baseline to Month 12." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | Score on the PF-10 test scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 9 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 65.4 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.8 |
| Placebo Gel | 64.8 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 3.3 | 2.4 |
Femoral neck as measured by DXA, g/cm2 (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 1.5 |
| Placebo Gel | 0.9 |
"Proportion of men age 65 years or older with unexplained anemia who increased their hemoglobin level by 1.0 gm/dL from baseline.~Values are means (SDs) for continuous outcomes." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | proportion of participants (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 0.9 |
| Placebo Gel | 0.2 |
Lumbar spine as measured by DXA, g/cm2 (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 3.3 |
| Placebo Gel | 2.1 |
Total hip as measured by DXA, g/cm2 (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 1.2 |
| Placebo Gel | 0.5 |
Hip peripheral bone (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 1.4 |
| Placebo Gel | 0.4 |
Hip trabecular bone (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 1.5 |
| Placebo Gel | 0.5 |
Hip whole bone (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 2.5 |
| Placebo Gel | 0.6 |
Spine peripheral bone (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 7.2 |
| Placebo Gel | 1.5 |
Spine trabecular bone (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 10.8 |
| Placebo Gel | 2.4 |
Spine whole bone (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 9.0 |
| Placebo Gel | 1.9 |
Hip peripheral bone as measured by QCT, mg/cm3 (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 1.6 |
| Placebo Gel | 0.7 |
Hip trabecular bone as measured by QCT, mg/cm3 (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 1.6 |
| Placebo Gel | 0.1 |
Hip whole bone as measured by QCT, mg/cm3 (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 1.7 |
| Placebo Gel | 0.4 |
Spine peripheral bone as measured by QCT, mg/cm3 (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 4.0 |
| Placebo Gel | 1.1 |
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of spine trabecular bone as measured by QCT, mg/cm3, the calculated change in measurement from baseline to Month 12 (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (QCT measurement of BMD change between baseline and month 12)
| Intervention | mg/cm^3 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 7.5 |
| Placebo Gel | 0.8 |
Spine whole bone as measured by QCT, mg/cm3 (within-arm mean percent change between baseline and month 12 adjusted for balancing factors) (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 5.5 |
| Placebo Gel | 1.2 |
Coronary artery calcium score in Agatston units (range of 0 to >400 Agatston units), with higher values indicating more severe atherosclerosis). (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | Agatston units (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 64 |
| Placebo Gel | 91 |
Total plaque volume,mm3 measured by coronary computed tomographic angiography (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | mm^3 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 75 |
| Placebo Gel | 28 |
"Proportion of men age 65 years or older with unexplained anemia who increased their hemoglobin level by 1.0 g/dL from baseline.~Values are No. (%) for dichotomous outcomes. Dichotomous hemoglobin response is an increase of 1 g/dL or more from baseline." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change in hemoglobin g/dL from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 9 | Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 6 | 8 | 15 | 13 |
| Placebo Gel | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
"Baseline score and change in score of the Wechsler Memory Scale Revised Logical Memory II (WMS-R LMII) test of Delayed Paragraph Recall, at baseline, Month 6 and Month 12.~The WMS-R LM II involves a delayed paragraph recall activity scored in two components, each ranging from 0-25. The final score is the sum of each component, therefore falling in the range 0-50. WMS-R LM II scores were treated as continuous with change compared between treatment arms using linear random effects models adjusting for several factors: site, indicator variables of participation in each primary efficacy trial, baseline testosterone concentration (<200), age (≤ 75), use of anti-depressants, use of PDE-inhibitors, baseline WMSR, categorical education, and version of the WMSR." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 6 and month 12)
| Intervention | percentage of change in test score (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 14.0 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
| Placebo Gel | 14.4 | 1.1 | 1.4 |
"Baseline score and change in score in Executive Function as Measured by Trail-Making Test (TMT) B - A, at baseline, Month 6 and Month 12.~Change in performance on the Trail Making Test was analyzed using linear random effects models adjusting for baseline performance, balancing factors, education, and test version.~Participants are required to connect a set of numbers (Part A) or alternating letters and numbers (Part B) in sequential order. The score for each part is the total time (in seconds) to complete both parts. The outcome analyzed will be the total time for Trails B minus the total time for Trails A to provide a measure of working memory, adjusted for attention and processing speed. Higher scores reflect lower executive function." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 6 to month 12)
| Intervention | Score on the Trail Making Test scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 86.4 | -2.1 | -0.0 |
| Placebo Gel | 76.7 | 1.8 | 7.1 |
"Baseline score and change in score in the Spatial Ability Using the Card Rotation Test at baseline, Month 6 and Month 12.~Change in performance on the Card Rotations Test will be analyzed using linear random effects models adjusting for baseline performance, balancing factors, education, and test version. The test consists of a series of 10 primary figures, each of which has 8 corresponding secondary figures. Subjects are asked to determine which of the secondary figures is the same as the corresponding primary figure, and the score is taken as the number of figures answered correctly minus the number of figures answered incorrectly.~The maximum score is 80 for subjects who answer all items correctly." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 6 to month 12)
| Intervention | Score on the CRT test scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 28.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Placebo Gel | 30.0 | 0.2 | 1.2 |
"Baseline score and mean change in score in the Visual Memory Using the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) from baseline, Month 6 and Month 12.~The BVRT measures short term visual memory and visuo-constructional abilities and was administered and scored according to standard procedures. Each of 10 designs was presented one at a time for 10 seconds, and immediately after the design was withdrawn, the participant was instructed to draw it from memory on a blank sheet of paper. The score was the total number of figures with errors and ranged from 0 to 26. Scores were inverted to 0 to -26 so that higher scores would reflect better performance.~Change in BVRT scores from baseline are treated as continuous and compared between AAMI Androgel and placebo subjects using linear random effects models adjusting for balancing factors as described in the primary analysis." (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (baseline to month 6 and month 12)
| Intervention | Score on the BVRT test scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | -8.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Placebo Gel | -8.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
Baseline score and the change in distance walked in the 6-Minute Walking Test in meters from baseline to Month 12 (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change from baseline to month 3, 6, 9 and 12)
| Intervention | meters (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Score | Change at Month 3 | Change at Month 6 | Change at Month 9 | Change at Month 12 | |
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 347.7 | 10.2 | 8.2 | 5.3 | 14.3 |
| Placebo Gel | 344.9 | 4.6 | 7.8 | 3.2 | 5.5 |
Non-calcified coronary artery plaque volume, mm3, as determined by coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA), mean difference in change from baseline to month 12 (NCT00799617)
Timeframe: 1 year (change in plaque volume measurement from baseline to month 12)
| Intervention | mm^3 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel® (Testosterone Gel) | 54 |
| Placebo Gel | 14 |
EPIC is scored from 0 -100,lower EPIC score= worse, higher EPIC score= better (NCT00848497)
Timeframe: Basline and 6 months
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Testim + Viagra | -11 |
There are 15 questions, each divided into 5 domains. Maximum score is 75 = best function, and minimum is 5 = worst function (NCT00848497)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Testim + Viagra | 1 |
SHIM range is 0-25. 0= no sexual activity;1-7 severe ED; 8-11 Moderate ED; 12-16 Mild to Moderate ED; 17-21 Mild ED (NCT00848497)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Testim + Viagra | 0 |
"ADAM scores of one evaluated patient. ADAM is 10 questions (yes or no answers) and if you answer yes to question 1 or 7 or yes to any 3 questions you are said to test positive to the ADAM questionnaire." (NCT00848497)
Timeframe: Baseline and 6 months
| Intervention | number of yes answers (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Testim + Viagra | 1 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 12 (IL-12) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 4.36 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 28.36 |
Number of participants who survived one year post study. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 1 year post study
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 7 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 6 |
The Medical Outcome Study - Short Form 36 (MOS-SF-36) is a questionnaire developed by RAND Health to measure patient self-reported quality of life. Data presented is a subset of the questionnaire, Scale of General Health. The range for the subset presented (General Health) is 0 - 100, with 100 being better perceived health and 0 being worst perceived health. The national average of the MOS-36 General Health Subscale is reported as 56.99 (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 52.73 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 46.50 |
The Medical Outcome Study - Short Form 36 (MOS-SF-36) is a questionnaire developed by RAND Health to measure patient self-reported quality of life. Data presented is a subset of the questionnaire, Scale of General Health. The range for the subset presented (General Health) is 0 - 100, with 100 being better perceived health and 0 being worst perceived health. The national average of the MOS-36 General Health Subscale is reported as 56.99. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 47.73 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 52.22 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 10 (IL-10) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 13.35 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 94.52 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 3.11 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 1.98 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 10 (IL-10) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 12.84 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 82.46 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 8.89 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 23.09 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 11.04 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 43.99 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 7 (IL-7) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 9.97 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 18.16 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 7 (IL-7) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 6.57 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 21.61 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 12 (IL-12) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 3.94 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 44.04 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 8 (IL-8) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 11.45 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 12.34 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 8 (IL-8) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 14.57 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 16.62 |
Concentration of cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 33.52 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 12.22 |
Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation as measured by indirect calorimetry using expired gases collected and analyzed for oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. 30 minutes of sampling was performed, the last 25 minutes were averaged to calculate mean Kcal/day values. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | kilo-calories per day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 1338.10 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 1260.98 |
Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation as measured by indirect calorimetry using expired gases collected and analyzed for oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations. 30 minutes of sampling was performed, the last 25 minutes were averaged to calculate mean Kcal/day values. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | kilo-calories per day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 1329.20 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 1310.81 |
Total fat mass as measured by Dual Energy XRay Absorptiometry (DEXA) at the 7 week study visit. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | grams (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 17616.58 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 16776.60 |
Total Fat Mass as measured by dual energy xray absorptiometry at the baseline study visit (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | grams (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 20513.50 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 18227.33 |
Isokinetic strength (knee extension) is measured on a Biodex System Pro 4 within a 75 degree range of motion set at a fixed speed of 120 degree/sec. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | Watts (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 126.93 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 157.90 |
Concentration of cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 11.87 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 13.88 |
Isokinetic strength (knee extension) is measured on a Biodex System Pro 4 within a 75 degree range of motion. Subjects performed concentric contractions at a fixed speed of 120 degree/sec. 1 set of 3 contractions were performed at 100% force. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | Watts (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 137.60 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 169.0 |
Peak isometric strength is measured on a Biodex System 4 Pro. This test is isolated to the quadricep muscle of one leg. Isometric test is performed at 90 degrees with 5 seconds of force production for each contraction. There was 1 set of 3 contractions at 100% force performed. This outcome was measured after 7 weeks of treatment with study medication. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | Newton-Meters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 76.75 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 118.26 |
Peak isometric strength is measured on a Biodex System 4 Pro. This test is isolated to the quadricep muscle of one leg. Isometric test is performed at 90 degrees with 5 seconds of force production for each contraction. There was 1 set of 3 contractions at 100% force performed. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | Newton-Meters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 81.77 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 122.50 |
"Profile of Mood States (POMS) is a questionnaire by MultiHealth Systems, that measures mood. In this 65 item questionnaire, subjects are asked to rate their feelings toward a statement from 0-4, with 0 being not at all' and 4 being extremely. There are 6 subscales which include, tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, vigor, fatigue, and confusion. To calculate the total mood disturbance, which is what is reported here, the subscales tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, fatigue and confusion are summed and vigor is subtracted. The scale range for total mood disturbance is 200 (worst) to -32 (best)." (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 28.82 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 35.78 |
"Profile of Mood States (POMS) is a questionnaire by MultiHealth Systems, that measures mood. In this 65 item questionnaire, subjects are asked to rate their feelings toward a statement from 0-4, with 0 being not at all' and 4 being extremely. There are 6 subscales which include, tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, vigor, fatigue, and confusion. To calculate the total mood disturbance, which is what is reported here, the subscales tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, fatigue and confusion are summed and vigor is subtracted. The scale range for total mood disturbance is 200 (worst) to -32 (best)." (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 30.73 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 32.55 |
"Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory Short Form (MFSI-SF) from the Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida The MFSI-SF is a 30 question assessment designed to assess the principal manifestations of fatigue.~There 5 subscales used to calculate a total score. The subscales are: General Fatigue, Physical Fatigue, Emotional Fatigue, Mental Fatigue, and Vigor (an estimate of the patient's energy level). The total score is calculated with the equation: (general + physical + emotional + mental) - vigor = total score.~The range of the total score is -24 to 96, with the higher the number meaning more fatigue." (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 12.73 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 21.40 |
"Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory Short Form (MFSI-SF) from the Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida The MFSI-SF is a 30 question assessment designed to assess the principal manifestations of fatigue.~There 5 subscales used to calculate a total score. The subscales are: General Fatigue, Physical Fatigue, Emotional Fatigue, Mental Fatigue, and Vigor (an estimate of the patient's energy level). The total score is calculated with the equation: (general + physical + emotional + mental) - vigor = total score.~The range of the total score is -24 to 96, with the higher the number meaning more fatigue." (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 18.73 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 26.11 |
Physical activity is reported as % time sedentary for the entire 7 week study. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: through study completion,up to 7 weeks
| Intervention | % time sedentary (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 73.55 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 74.74 |
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G) is a patient-reported questionnaire of quality of life. The 27 item questionnaire is separated into 4 subscales, physical well-being, social/family well-being, emotional well-being, functional well-being. These subscales are summed to calculate total score. The range for FACT-G is 0 (worst quality of life) to 108 (best quality of life). (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 20.11 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 24.97 |
Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G) is a patient-reported questionnaire of quality of life. The 27 item questionnaire is separated into 4 subscales, physical well-being, social/family well-being, emotional well-being, functional well-being. These subscales are summed to calculate total score. The range for FACT-G is 0 (worst quality of life) to 108 (best quality of life). (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | scores on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 18.83 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 30.48 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 13 (IL-13) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 2.50 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 20.50 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 2 (IL-2) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 3.02 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 2.39 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 2 (IL-2) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 3.62 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 3.92 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 4 (IL-4) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 10.48 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 2.35 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 4 (IL-4) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 4.30 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 3.13 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 13 (IL-13) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 3.82 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 17.95 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 5 (IL-5) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 3.13 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 12.62 |
Body Weight in kilograms as measured on a scale after 7 weeks of treatment with the study medication. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 63.93 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 62.59 |
Body weight in kilograms as measured by a scale at the baseline visit. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | Kilograms (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 65.98 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 63.11 |
Total Lean Body Mass was measured on a GE Lunar iDEXA at baseline and 7 weeks. Percent change from baseline to 7 weeks is reported. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | -3.31 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 1.42 |
Concentration of cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 64.15 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 191.17 |
Concentration of cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 67.02 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 260.69 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 5 (IL-5) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: Baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 3.02 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 14.56 |
Concentration of cytokine Interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 20.63 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 11.66 |
Concentration of cytokine Interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 21.62 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 15.71 |
Concentration of cytokine Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B) in blood as measured using Millipore Multiplex Human Cytokine Panel assay. (NCT00878995)
Timeframe: 7 weeks
| Intervention | picogram/milliliter (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Arm I: Standard of Care Therapy + Placebo Testosterone | 2.13 |
| Arm II: Standard of Care Therapy + Testosterone | 1.71 |
Serum T at steady-state by evaluating the day-to-day changes in pre-dose concentrations on Days 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 27, and 28 of treatment. (NCT00911586)
Timeframe: pre-dose on Days 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 27, and 28
| Intervention | ng/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Undecanoate | 4.114 |
Serum T at steady state by evaluating the day-to-day changes in pre-dose concentrations on Days 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7 of treatment. (NCT00911586)
Timeframe: pre-dose on Days 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7
| Intervention | ng/dL (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Undecanoate | -4.077 |
PK population where subjects are randomly assigned to one of four dietary sequences of five fat regimens. Active drug is identical for all subjects and all diets. Effect of normal dietary fat is compared to fasting, very low fat, low fat, and high fat diets for mean T Cavg25. (NCT00924612)
Timeframe: 25 hour serial blood draws separated by 4 to 10 days of washout between treatments.
| Intervention | ng/dL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Fasting | 6.38 |
| Very Low Fat Diet | 6.73 |
| Low Fat Diet | 6.88 |
| Normal Diet | 7.00 |
| High Fat Diet | 7.18 |
Lean body mass is expressed in grams as calculated by Hologic DEXA. (NCT00957528)
Timeframe: 5 months
| Intervention | grams (Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lean Body Mass Baseline | Lean Body Mass Month 1 | Lean Body Mass Month 2 | Lean Body Mass Month 3 | Lean Body Mass Month 4 | Lean Body Month 5 | |
| Continuous Testosterone | 57746 | 60469.3 | 62680.1 | 61167.3 | 61436.6 | 60871.4 |
| Monthly Cycled Testosterone | 57101 | 59155.4 | 56787.8 | 59186 | 59838.6 | 58846.9 |
| Placebo | 62344 | 62994.7 | 62038.7 | 62256.5 | 62755.4 | 61250.6 |
Maximum weight (pounds) lifted using Cybex weight machine in a single effort(1-RM) for upper extremities (biceps and triceps) and lower extremities quadriceps and hamstrings). (NCT00957528)
Timeframe: 5 months
| Intervention | pounds (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arm Curl Baseline | Arm Extension Baseline | Leg Curl Baseline | Leg Extension Baseline | Arm Curl Month 1 | Arm Curl Month 2 | Arm Curl Month 3 | Arm Curl Month 4 | Arm Curl Month 5 | Arm Extension Month 1 | Arm Extension Month 2 | Arm Extension Month 3 | Arm Extension Month 4 | Arm Extension Month 5 | Leg Curl Month 1 | Leg Curl Month 2 | Leg Curl Month 3 | Leg Curl Month 4 | Leg Curl Month 5 | Leg Extension Month 1 | Leg Extension Month 2 | Leg Extension Month 3 | Leg Extensuion Month 4 | Leg Extension Month 5 | |
| Continuous Testosterone | 32 | 38 | 40 | 66 | 34 | 39 | 37 | 41 | 38 | 37 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 45 | 41 | 48 | 48 | 50 | 51 | 67 | 78 | 76 | 82 | 83 |
| Monthly Cycled Testosterone | 39 | 41 | 44 | 73 | 41 | 40 | 43 | 43 | 45 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 43 | 50 | 50 | 73 | 77 | 80 | 79 | 85 |
| Placebo | 39 | 40 | 46 | 70 | 39 | 38 | 39 | 38 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 42 | 48 | 51 | 48 | 48 | 48 | 70 | 69 | 74 | 72 | 72 |
"Measures of bone turnover markers in serum samples at baseline and at five months.The bone turnover markers analyzed include:~Markers associated with bone breakdown NTX (N-telopeptide) TRAP5b (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b) Markers associated with bone formation Osteocalcin BAP (bone specific alkaline phosphatase) Regulators of bone formation iPTH (intact parathyroid hormone) increases in response to bone loss Calcitonin inhibits bone formation in response to elevated levels of serum calcium" (NCT00957528)
Timeframe: 5 months
| Intervention | nM BCE (Bone Collagen Equivalents) (Mean) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NTX Baseline | NTX Five Months | TRAP5b Baseline | TRAP5b Five Months | Osteocalcin Baseline | Osteocalcin Five Months | BAP Baseline | BAP Five Months | iPTH Baseline | iPTH Five Months | Calcitonin Baseline | Calcitonin Five months | |
| Continuous Testosterone | 15 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 9 | 7 | 17 | 15 | 53 | 60 | 4 | 3 |
| Monthly Cycled Testosterone | 14 | 11 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 20 | 19 | 37 | 28 | 4 | 4 |
| Placebo | 12 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 22 | 21 | 40 | 45 | 3 | 3 |
Serum inflammatory biomarkers (Interleukin B-1, 2,5,6,7,8,10,12 13, Interferon gamma, GM-CSF, and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha)as measured by immunoassay at baseline and at five months (NCT00957528)
Timeframe: 5 months
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-B1 Baseline | IL-B1 Five Months | IL-2 Baseline | IL-2 Five Months | IL-5 Baseline | IL-5 Five Months | IL-6 Baseline | IL-6 Five months | IL-7 Baseline | IL-7 Five Months | IL-8 Baseline | IL-8 Five months | IL-10 Baseline | IL-10 Five Months | IL-12 Baseline | IL-12 Five Months | IL-13 baseline | IL-13 Five Months | IFN gamma Baseline | IFN gamma Five Months | GM-CSF Baseline | GM-CSF Five Months | TNF alpha Baseline | TNF alpha Five Months | |
| Continuous Testosterone | 1.44143 | 2.538 | 2.538 | 3.862 | 1.41875 | 1.94125 | 10.4025 | 13.89 | 5.19875 | 16.2763 | 8.45625 | 11.8025 | 109.446 | 135.64 | 35.3583 | 58.4217 | 60.2125 | 73.674 | 23.425 | 36.822 | 7.94875 | 14.965 | 13.215 | 15.4138 |
| Monthly Cycled Testosterone | 0.475 | 3.19 | 3.19 | 1.45333 | 0.79 | 0.32286 | 4.90857 | 6.487 | 11.9688 | 23.1888 | 6.66375 | 4.06286 | 11.2588 | 8.34143 | 4.242 | 2.66 | 23.33 | 12.72 | 4.58 | 1.758 | 2.4 | 1.312 | 10.0863 | 8.1529 |
| Placebo | 0.14 | 0.20833 | 1.32 | 2.84 | 0.6 | 0.705 | 5.68375 | 5.05 | 8.78 | 7.68 | 4.5575 | 4.3225 | 22.6363 | 25.4525 | 7.075 | 10.902 | 37.045 | 43.465 | 10.115 | 36.05 | 1.52429 | 2.27857 | 9.0175 | 8.14 |
The fractional synthetic rate (FSR) of mixed muscle is calculated by directly measuring the incorporation of L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine into protein (%/hr),, using the precursor-product model: FSR = [(EP2 - EP1)/(EM•t)]•60•100, where EP1 and EP2 are the enrichments of bound L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine in the first and second muscle biopsies, t is the time interval (min) between biopsies, and EM is the mean L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine enrichment in the muscle intracellular pool. (NCT00957528)
Timeframe: 5 Months
| Intervention | Percent per hour (%/hr) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Five Months | |
| Continuous Testosterone | 0.06 | 0.101 |
| Monthly Cycled Testosterone | 0.06 | 0.094 |
| Placebo | 0.05 | 0.066 |
Bone mineral density measure by measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)measured at baseline and a five months (NCT00957528)
Timeframe: 5 months
| Intervention | gm/cm^2 (Mean) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Baseline | Total Five Months | Lumbar Spine Baseline | Lumbar Spine Five Months | Pelvis baseline | Pelvis Five Months | Forearm Baseline | Forearm Five Months | |
| Continuous Testosterone | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.16 | 1.19 | 1.27 | 1.28 | 0.61 | 0.62 |
| Monthly Cycled Testosterone | 1.07 | 1.05 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.15 | 1.14 | 0.59 | 0.59 |
| Placebo | 1.12 | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.46 | 1.28 | 0.59 | 0.61 |
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) was measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). LDL was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are less than 160 mg/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 104.0 |
| Testosterone Gel | 94.57 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 87.5 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 75.14 |
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) was measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). PSA was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are less than 4.0 ng/mL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 1.92 |
| Testosterone Gel | 2.33 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 1.85 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 1.83 |
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) was measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). PSA was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are less than 4.0 ng/mL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 1.98 |
| Testosterone Gel | 2.32 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 1.78 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 2.07 |
Estradiol was measured during the treatment week (treatment days 1 and 8). Serum estradiol was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 20-47 pg/mL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 22.86 |
| Testosterone Gel | 33.69 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 36.33 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 34.71 |
Estradiol was measured during the treatment week (treatment days 1 and 8). Serum estradiol was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 20-47 pg/mL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 48.29 |
| Testosterone Gel | 33.43 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 30.83 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 47.14 |
"Testosterone was measured daily during the treatment week (treatment days 1 through 8). Serum testosterone was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 72-623 ng/dL.~Baseline testosterone was drawn before testosterone administration." (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 307.57 |
| Testosterone Gel | 363.43 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 408.17 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 318.68 |
"Testosterone was measured daily during the treatment week (treatment days 1 through 8). Serum testosterone was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 72-623 ng/dL.~Baseline testosterone was drawn before testosterone administration." (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 2
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 980.86 |
| Testosterone Gel | 526.71 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 191.87 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 675.86 |
"TTestosterone was measured daily during the treatment week (treatment days 1 through 8). Serum testosterone was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 72-623 ng/dL.~Baseline testosterone was drawn before testosterone administration." (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 3
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 828.71 |
| Testosterone Gel | 527.43 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 206.0 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 673.29 |
"Testosterone was measured daily during the treatment week (treatment days 1 through 8). Serum testosterone was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 72-623 ng/dL.~Baseline testosterone was drawn before testosterone administration." (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 4
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 779.57 |
| Testosterone Gel | 441.71 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 271.6 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 734.57 |
"TesTestosterone was measured daily during the treatment week (treatment days 1 through 8). Serum testosterone was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 72-623 ng/dL.~Baseline testosterone was drawn before testosterone administration." (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 5
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 722.0 |
| Testosterone Gel | 460.14 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 246.33 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 669.71 |
"Testosterone was measured daily during the treatment week (treatment days 1 through 8). Serum testosterone was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 72-623 ng/dL.~Baseline testosterone was drawn before testosterone administration." (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 6
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 629.0 |
| Testosterone Gel | 536.43 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 284.5 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 645.14 |
"Testosterone was measured daily during the treatment week (treatment days 1 through 8). Serum testosterone was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 72-623 ng/dL.~Baseline testosterone was drawn before testosterone administration." (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 7
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 578.29 |
| Testosterone Gel | 485.86 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 320.0 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 579.57 |
"Testosterone was measured daily during the treatment week (treatment days 1 through 8). Serum testosterone was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 72-623 ng/dL.~Baseline testosterone was drawn before testosterone administration." (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 454.29 |
| Testosterone Gel | 435.14 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 340.17 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 481.14 |
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) was measured before and after the treatment week on study treatment days 1 and 8. SHBG was analyzed by immunoassay on a Siemens Immulite 2000. Normal ranges are 10-57 nmol/L. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 21.78 |
| Testosterone Gel | 19.86 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 25.66 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 24.70 |
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) was measured before and after the treatment week on study treatment days 1 and 8. SHBG was analyzed by immunoassay on a Siemens Immulite 2000. Normal ranges are 10-57 nmol/L. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | nmol/L (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 17.62 |
| Testosterone Gel | 20.13 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 19.22 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 14.57 |
Total Cholesterol was measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). Total cholesterol was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 120-200 mg/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 171.29 |
| Testosterone Gel | 165.57 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 168.00 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 156.71 |
Total Cholesterol was measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). Total cholesterol was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 120-200 mg/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 172 |
| Testosterone Gel | 162.86 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 166.17 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 141.86 |
Triglycerides were measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). Total cholesterol was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 30-170 mg/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 140.42 |
| Testosterone Gel | 164.0 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 122.5 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 119.71 |
Triglycerides were measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). Total cholesterol was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 30-170 mg/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 112.57 |
| Testosterone Gel | 160.0 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 155.17 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 116.28 |
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) was measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). VLDL was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 5-60 mg/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 28 |
| Testosterone Gel | 33.14 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 24.67 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 23.86 |
Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) was measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). VLDL was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 5-60 mg/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 26.71 |
| Testosterone Gel | 29.29 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 31.0 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 24.71 |
Cortisol was measured before and immediately after the exercise protocol, before and after the treatment week on study treatment days 1 and 8. Serum Cortisol was analyzed by immunoassay on a Siemens Immulite 2000. Normal range is 5-25 ug/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8 - before exercise
| Intervention | ug/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 7.84 |
| Testosterone Gel | 5.97 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 6.28 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 5.19 |
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) was measured during the treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). CRP was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 0.0 - 0.8 mg/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 0.47 |
| Testosterone Gel | 0.33 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 0.32 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 0.4 |
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) was measured during the treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). CRP was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 0.0 - 0.8 mg/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 0.47 |
| Testosterone Gel | 0.31 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 0.32 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 0.3 |
Cortisol was measured before and immediately after the exercise protocol, before and after the treatment week on study treatment days 1 and 8. Serum Cortisol was analyzed by immunoassay on a Siemens Immulite 2000. Normal range is 5-25 ug/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1 - after exercise
| Intervention | ug/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 7.71 |
| Testosterone Gel | 7.20 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 4.76 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 4.15 |
Cortisol was measured before and immediately after the exercise protocol, before and after the treatment week on study treatment days 1 and 8. Serum Cortisol was analyzed by immunoassay on a Siemens Immulite 2000. Normal range is 5-25 ug/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1 - before exercise
| Intervention | ug/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 7.25 |
| Testosterone Gel | 6.00 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 6.64 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 6.28 |
Cortisol was measured before and immediately after the exercise protocol, before and after the treatment week on study treatment days 1 and 8. Serum Cortisol was analyzed by immunoassay on a Siemens Immulite 2000. Normal range is 5-25 ug/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8 - after exercise
| Intervention | ug/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 7.05 |
| Testosterone Gel | 6.28 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 4.40 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 5.78 |
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) was measured before and after the treatment week on study treatment days 1 and 8. DHEA-S was analyzed by immunoassay on a Siemens Immulite 2000. Normal ranges are 28-290 ug/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | ug/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 46.34 |
| Testosterone Gel | 34.16 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 62.55 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 46.07 |
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) was measured before and after the treatment week on study treatment days 1 and 8. DHEA-S was analyzed by immunoassay on a Siemens Immulite 2000. Normal ranges are 28-290 ug/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | ug/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 37.96 |
| Testosterone Gel | 35.54 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 34.74 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 36.07 |
"The Brief Fatigue Inventory is a 9 item questionnaire that assesses perceptual fatigue as well as fatigue interferences (e.g. interference with enjoyment of life), with 0 being no fatigue and 10 being as bad as you can imagine. The Global Fatigue score is calculated by averaging the answers of all the questions.~This data is presented as the treatment week average of study days 1-8." (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: Study days 1-7 (treatment week)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 1.84 |
| Testosterone Gel | 1.79 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 2.19 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 1.57 |
Hematocrit was measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). Hematocrit was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 38.4% - 49.3%. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 39.17 |
| Testosterone Gel | 38.4 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 40.45 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 39.86 |
Hematocrit was measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). Hematocrit was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are 38.4% - 49.3%. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 38.74 |
| Testosterone Gel | 37.23 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 40.53 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 39.24 |
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) was measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). HDL was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are higher than 35 mg/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 40.29 |
| Testosterone Gel | 38.86 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 46.50 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 42.14 |
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) was measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). HDL was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are higher than 35 mg/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 41.29 |
| Testosterone Gel | 36.71 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 47.67 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 43.43 |
"The Brief Fatigue Inventory is a 9 item questionnaire that assesses perceptual fatigue as well as fatigue interferences (e.g. interference with enjoyment of life), with 0 being no fatigue and 10 being as bad as you can imagine. The Global Fatigue score is calculated by averaging the answers of all the questions.~This data is presented as the pre-treatment week average of study days -7 to -1." (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: Study days -7 to -1 (Pre - treatment)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 2.25 |
| Testosterone Gel | 1.47 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 2.26 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 1.86 |
Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was measured before and after the treatment week on study treatment days 1 and 8. IGF-1 was analyzed by immunoassay on a Siemens Immulite 2000. Normal range is 33-220 ng/mL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 71.77 |
| Testosterone Gel | 69.2 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 61.42 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 90.74 |
Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was measured before and after the treatment week on study treatment days 1 and 8. IGF-1 was analyzed by immunoassay on a Siemens Immulite 2000. Normal range is 33-220 ng/mL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 80.16 |
| Testosterone Gel | 72.11 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 69.17 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 54.86 |
Insulin was measured before and after the treatment week on study treatment days 1 and 8. Insulin was analyzed by immunoassay on a Siemens Immulite 2000. Normal range is less than 25 uIu/mL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | uIu/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 8.53 |
| Testosterone Gel | 10.28 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 4.09 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 9.89 |
Insulin was measured before and after the treatment week on study treatment days 1 and 8. Insulin was analyzed by immunoassay on a Siemens Immulite 2000. Normal range is less than 25 uIu/mL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 8
| Intervention | uIu/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 7.47 |
| Testosterone Gel | 10.58 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 3.92 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 3.89 |
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) was measured before and after treatment week (study treatment days 1 and 8). LDL was analyzed by UTMB clinical laboratory. Normal ranges are less than 160 mg/dL. (NCT00957801)
Timeframe: treatment day 1
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Injection | 103.0 |
| Testosterone Gel | 93.57 |
| Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 96.83 |
| Testosterone Injection and Medrol 6 Day Dose Pack | 90.71 |
The primary endpoint was to evaluate the effect of testosterone replacement therapy on fatigue in hypogonadic male patients with advanced cancer, measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue subscale (FACIT-F) at day 29 (+/- 3 days). FACIT-F consists of 27 general quality-of-life questions divided into 4 domains (physical, social, emotional, and functional), plus a 13-item fatigue subscore. The participant rates the intensity of fatigue and its related symptoms on a scale of 0-4. The FACIT-F total score ranged between 0 and 108, with higher scores denoting improved function. The FACIT-F Fatigue Subscale ranges from 0 to 52, with higher scores represent better (less) fatigue than a lower score. A positive difference score (29 days minus baseline) represents improvement. A greater positive difference score represents greater improvement. (NCT00965341)
Timeframe: Day 29 (+/- 3 days)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| FACIT-F Total Score (29 days-baseline) | FACIT-F Fatigue Subscale (29 days-baseline) | |
| Placebo | 13 | 14 |
| Testosterone | 12 | 12 |
The ESAS assessed 10 symptoms experienced by cancer patients during the previous 24 hours: pain, fatigue, nausea, depression, anxiety, drowsiness, dyspnea, anorexia, sleep disturbance, and feelings of well-being. The severity of each symptom is rated on a numerical scale of 0-10 (0 = no symptom, 10 = worst possible severity). Depression was assessed using the 14-item HADS questionnaire. Each item on the questionnaire was scored from 0-3. Total Scores for the HADS Questionnaire range from 0 to 42 with higher scores denoting feeling of depression. (NCT00965341)
Timeframe: Day 29 (+/- 3 days)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety, ESAS | Depression, HADS | Well being, ESAS | Sleep, ESAS | Appetite, ESAS | Dyspnea, ESAS | Drowsiness, ESAS | Nausea, ESAS | Fatigue, ESAS | Pain, ESAS | |
| Placebo | 5 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 3 |
| Testosterone | 7 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 3 |
Per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST v1.0) for target lesions and assessed by CT scan or MRI. Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR. (NCT01084759)
Timeframe: 2 years
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Group | 7 |
Time to a PSA increase above the PSA level obtained after 3 months on testosterone treatment over two successive measurements 2 weeks apart. (NCT01084759)
Timeframe: 2 years
| Intervention | days (Median) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Group | 221 |
(NCT01084759)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | Percentage of Participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Treatment Group | 42.9 |
The BMI was measured in kg/m^2 and was reported at baseline and at the Month 6. BMI = weight (kg)/[(height (m) x height (m)] and was measured to 1 decimal point precision. (NCT01143818)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 6
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel (Testosterone Gel) 1% | -2.38 |
The Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) test is self-administered and designed to assess symptoms of aging with a rating from none (0) to extremely severe (5) for 17 items from psychological (5 items), somatic (7 items), and sexual (5 items) categories. Total scores range from 17 (minimum) to 85 (maximum). The AMS total score was reported at baseline and at Month 6 and represented the sum of all the items. The percent change from baseline was calculated as the [(AMS value at Month 6 - AMS value at baseline)/baseline value] x 100. (NCT01143818)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 6
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel (Testosterone Gel) 1% | -29.0 |
The MFI is a 20-item self-reported instrument designed to measure fatigue. Five scales measure different modes of fatigue: general fatigue (4 items), physical fatigue (4 items), mental fatigue (4 items), reduced motivation (4 items), and reduced activity items (4 items). The scores for each item range from 1 to 5. Each subscale includes 4 items with 5-point Likert scales and subscale scores range from 4 to 20 with a higher score indicating greater fatigue. The percent change=[(MFI value at Month 6-MFI value at baseline)/MFI baseline value] X 100. (NCT01143818)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 6
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel (Testosterone Gel) 1% | -21.5 |
The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) test is a validated 15 question assessment designed to measure changes in erectile function (6 items), orgasmic function (2 items), sexual desire (2 items), intercourse satisfaction (3 items), and overall satisfaction (2 items). The scores ranged from 0 to 5 on each item with a lower score indicating greater dysfunction. A total IIEF score of 0 (minimum) to 75 (maximum) was possible and represented the sum of all the items at baseline and Month 6. The percent change = [(IIEF value at Month 6-IIEF baseline value)/IIEF baseline value]x 100. (NCT01143818)
Timeframe: Baseline to Month 6
| Intervention | Percent Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| AndroGel (Testosterone Gel) 1% | 115.7 |
Blood samples were taken for fasting glucose and insulin levels. From these results, insulin resistance was then estimated using the updated homeostasis model assessment method for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) computer algorithm. A higher HOMA-IR indicates a higher degree of insulin resistance. Typically a cutoff of HOMA-IR for identifying those with insulin resistance is 2.5. (NCT01208038)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone | 0.106 |
Peripheral pressure waveforms were captured using radial artery application tonometry via the SphygmoCor apparatus (AtCor Medical Ltd., Sydney, Australia; software version 8.0). The central (ascending aortic) pressure waveform was then derived from an averaged peripheral waveform using a validated, transfer function. The augmentation index (AIx), which gives a composite measure of wave reflection and systemic arterial stiffness can then be calculated by analysis of the central waveform. Aix was defined as the difference between the first and second systolic peaks of the central pressure waveform, expressed as a percentage of the central pulse pressure. (NCT01208038)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from baseline
| Intervention | percentage of Arterial stiffness (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone | 1.067 |
Reactive Hyperaemia Index (RHI) was calculated automatically by the EndoPAT 2000 computer algorithm from the ratio of pulse wave amplitude before and after ischemia, compared to the control arm. Official reference values do not exist however a lower RHI (<2.0) is usually considered indicative of endothelial dysfunction. (NCT01208038)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone | 0.06 |
Libido was assessed at each visit using the Brief profile of female sexual function (BPFSF), a validated self-administered questionnaire for identifying Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD). The BPFSF is based on 7 questions. Each question is scored on a 6-point scale from 'always' to 'never'. A total score is total score ranging from 0 to 35. Previous studies have identified a score of less than 20 as suggestive of HSDD. (NCT01208038)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone | 5.05 |
(NCT01252745)
Timeframe: 24 hours
| Intervention | ng.h/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 10.0 mg Testosterone t.i.d. | 9920.07 |
| 13.5 mg Testosterone b.i.d. | 9781.39 |
| 11.25 mg Testosterone t.i.d. | 9505.03 |
(NCT01252745)
Timeframe: 24 hours
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 10.0 mg Testosterone t.i.d. | 830 |
| 13.5 mg Testosterone b.i.d. | 1050 |
| 11.25 mg Testosterone t.i.d. | 883 |
(NCT01252745)
Timeframe: 24 hours
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| 10.0 mg of TBS-1, 4.0% T.I.D. | 413 |
| 13.5 mg of TBS-1, 4.5% B.I.D | 408 |
| 11.25 mg of TBS-1, 4.5% T.I.D | 396 |
Tests of Physical Function and Task-Specific Performance measured by 50-meter timed walk + 20% load carry. Physical Function was evaluated using test of 50-meter loaded walking speed. The test required participants to carry a load equivalent to 20% of their baseline body weight evenly distributed in two canvas tote bags. Time was measured electronically with a digital clock. Speed in meters per second is calculated by the following: 50/time. (NCT01275365)
Timeframe: 6 months from baseline
| Intervention | meters per second (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Low Protein | 0.15 |
| Placebo/High Protein | 0.11 |
| Testosterone/Low Protein | 0.06 |
| Testosterone/High Protein | 0.08 |
The PGWBI is a 22-item health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaire developed in US which produces a self-perceived evaluation of psychological well-being expressed by a summary score. The 22 items are grouped in 6 dimensions. A global score is computed as the sum of all items with range of 0-110. A higher score yields better performance. (NCT01275365)
Timeframe: 6 months from baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Low Protein | -0.56 |
| Placebo/High Protein | 1.17 |
| Testosterone/Low Protein | 0.32 |
| Testosterone/High Protein | 2.68 |
Tests of Muscle Performance: (1) Maximal voluntary strength measured by 1-repetition maximum method in leg press; (2) Maximal voluntary strength in chest press; this exercise was chosen because it involves the large muscle groups of the upper extremities. (NCT01275365)
Timeframe: 6 months from baseline
| Intervention | newton (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Maximal voluntary strength in leg press | Maximal voluntary strength in chest press | |
| Placebo/High Protein | 156.0 | 16.6 |
| Placebo/Low Protein | 134.6 | 41.5 |
| Testosterone/High Protein | 191.4 | 59.3 |
| Testosterone/Low Protein | 201.8 | 64.5 |
36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered quality-of-life measures. Physical function domain of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) contains 10 items with the score range of 0-100. Higher score yields better performance. (NCT01275365)
Timeframe: 6 months from baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Low Protein | -1.4 |
| Placebo/High Protein | -5.5 |
| Testosterone/Low Protein | 2.1 |
| Testosterone/High Protein | -2.9 |
The Derogatis Affects Balance Scale (DABS) is a multidimensional self-report mood and affects inventory comprised of 40 adjective-items using a 5-point Likert style scale. The DABS global scores consist of the Positive Total score (PTOT), Negative Total score (NTOT), where The Positive Affects Total (PTOT) is defined as the sum of all scores on the four positive affects dimensions of joy, contentment, vigor and affection, ranging 0-80. Similarly, the Negative Affects Total (NTOT) is represented as the sum of scores on the four negative dimensions of anxiety, depression, guilt and hostility, ranging 0-80. The Affects Expressiveness Index (AEI) is defined as the sum total of PTOT and NTOT, ranging 0-160. Higher score yields stronger affective intensity. (NCT01275365)
Timeframe: 6 months from baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Affects Expressiveness Index (AEI) | Positive Total score (PTOT) | Negative Total score (NTOT) | |
| Placebo/High Protein | 1.45 | 2.10 | -0.65 |
| Placebo/Low Protein | 0.65 | 1.38 | -1.50 |
| Testosterone/High Protein | -3.17 | 1.89 | -5.53 |
| Testosterone/Low Protein | -0.50 | 0.69 | -0.88 |
Tests of Physical Function and Task-Specific Performance measured by Stair-climbing power +/- 20% load carry. Physical Function was evaluated using two tests of stair climb power using an indoor 12-step staircase. One test consisted of ascending the 12-steps as rapidly as possible without running (unloaded stair climb) while the second test required participants to carry a load equivalent to 20% of their baseline body weight evenly distributed in two canvas tote bags (loaded stair climb). Time to ascend the stairs was measured electronically with a digital clock and switch mats placed at the base of the steps and on the 12th step. Power in watts is calculated by the following: [body weight (kilograms) * distance (meters)/ (time/60)] /6.12. (NCT01275365)
Timeframe: 6 months from baseline
| Intervention | watts (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Unloaded | Loaded | |
| Placebo/High Protein | 55.4 | 83.7 |
| Placebo/Low Protein | 50.8 | 56.8 |
| Testosterone/High Protein | 4.2 | 26.9 |
| Testosterone/Low Protein | 53.2 | 56.6 |
Primary outcome is change in lean body mass, measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (NCT01275365)
Timeframe: 6 months from baseline
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Low Protein | 0.14 |
| Placebo/High Protein | 0.74 |
| Testosterone/Low Protein | 4.43 |
| Testosterone/High Protein | 4.13 |
Tests of Physical Function and Task-Specific Performance measured by 6-min walking distance (NCT01275365)
Timeframe: 6 months from baseline
| Intervention | meters (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Low Protein | 44.2 |
| Placebo/High Protein | 49.9 |
| Testosterone/Low Protein | 38.2 |
| Testosterone/High Protein | 25.5 |
The FACIT Fatigue Scale is a 13-item questionnaire that measures an individual's level of fatigue during their usual daily activities over the past week. The level of fatigue is measured on a four point scale (4 = not at all fatigued to 0 = very much fatigued). Score ranges 0-52. The higher the score, the better the quality of life. (NCT01275365)
Timeframe: 6 months from baseline
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Low Protein | 0.14 |
| Placebo/High Protein | -0.14 |
| Testosterone/Low Protein | -0.53 |
| Testosterone/High Protein | 1.05 |
Muscle Performance measured using Power of hip and knee extension by Bassey's leg rig. (NCT01275365)
Timeframe: 6 months from baseline
| Intervention | watts (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo/Low Protein | 26.9 |
| Placebo/High Protein | 96.9 |
| Testosterone/Low Protein | 61.5 |
| Testosterone/High Protein | 81.7 |
(NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 | 29.3 |
| Arm 2 | 26.2 |
| Arm 3 | 22.1 |
| Arm 4 | 26.8 |
| Arm 5 | 24.4 |
| Arm 6 | 18.6 |
(NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 | 0.16 |
| Arm 2 | 0.11 |
| Arm 3 | 0.12 |
| Arm 4 | 0.13 |
| Arm 5 | 0.18 |
| Arm 6 | 0.14 |
To measure intraprostatic dihydrotestosterone [DHT] levels (NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1/Placebo Acyline Inject & Placebo Testosterone Gel | 4.05 |
| Arm 2 Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 1.25g | 4.26 |
| Arm 3 Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 2.5 | 2.99 |
| Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 5g | 3.88 |
| Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 10g | 4.12 |
| Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 15g | 5.11 |
To measure intraprostatic testosterone levels (NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1/Placebo Acyline Inject & Placebo Testosterone Gel | 0.3 |
| Arm 2 Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 1.25g | 0.13 |
| Arm 3 Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 2.5 | 0.125 |
| Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 5g | 0.18 |
| Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 10g | 0.195 |
| Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 15g | 0.3 |
(NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | cm^3 (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 | 19 |
| Arm 2 | 18 |
| Arm 3 | 19 |
| Arm 4 | 15 |
| Arm 5 | 16 |
| Arm 6 | 20 |
(NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1/Placebo Acyline Inject & Placebo Testosterone Gel | 4.6 |
| Arm 2 Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 1.25g | 1.9 |
| Arm 3 Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 2.5 | 3.4 |
| Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 5g | 3.5 |
| Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 10g | 6.1 |
| Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 15g | 7.7 |
(NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 | 0.09 |
| Arm 2 | 0.08 |
| Arm 3 | 0.06 |
| Arm 4 | 0.08 |
| Arm 5 | 0.09 |
| Arm 6 | 0.07 |
(NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 | 28.7 |
| Arm 2 | 29.5 |
| Arm 3 | 32.7 |
| Arm 4 | 32.4 |
| Arm 5 | 27.9 |
| Arm 6 | 23.9 |
IPSS score: 0-7 mildly symptomatic, 8-19 moderately symptomatic, 20-35 severely symptomatic (NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 | 1 |
| Arm 2 | 2 |
| Arm 3 | 2.5 |
| Arm 4 | 0 |
| Arm 5 | 2.5 |
| Arm 6 | 4 |
(NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1/Placebo Acyline Inject & Placebo Testosterone Gel | 0.3 |
| Arm 2 Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 1.25g | 0.6 |
| Arm 3 Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 2.5 | 0.9 |
| Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 5g | 1.0 |
| Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 10g | 1.5 |
| Acyline Inject Every 2 Weeks & Daily T 1% Gel 15g | 1.8 |
(NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 | 0.17 |
| Arm 2 | 0.15 |
| Arm 3 | 0.12 |
| Arm 4 | 0.17 |
| Arm 5 | 0.17 |
| Arm 6 | 0.21 |
(NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 | 1.19 |
| Arm 2 | 1.25 |
| Arm 3 | 1.23 |
| Arm 4 | 1.05 |
| Arm 5 | 1.02 |
| Arm 6 | 1.36 |
(NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/g (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 | 0.05 |
| Arm 2 | 0.05 |
| Arm 3 | 0.05 |
| Arm 4 | 0.05 |
| Arm 5 | 0.05 |
| Arm 6 | 0.05 |
(NCT01327495)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | ng/dL (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm 1 | 0.82 |
| Arm 2 | 0.48 |
| Arm 3 | 0.61 |
| Arm 4 | 0.58 |
| Arm 5 | 0.52 |
| Arm 6 | 0.76 |
(NCT01364623)
Timeframe: -0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 40, 48h after Day 3 dosing
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Medium Dose TBS-2 - Multiple Dose | 0.944 |
Area under the concentration time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration time point (AUC0-t) for single dose and AUCtau shown for multiple dose. (NCT01364623)
Timeframe: Based on blood samples collected -0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 23.5h relative to dosing
| Intervention | ng*h/dL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Low Dose TBS-2 Single Dose | 223.981 |
| Medium Dose TBS-2 Single Dose | 328.002 |
| High Dose TBS-2 Single Dose | 834.391 |
| Medium Dose TBS-2 Multiple-Dose | 553.325 |
AUCt shown for single dose and AUCtau for multiple dose. (NCT01364623)
Timeframe: Based on blood samples collected -0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 23.5h relative to dosing
| Intervention | pg*h/mL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Low Dose TBS-2 - Single Dose | 105.763 |
| Medium Dose TBS-2 - Single Dose | 75.97 |
| High Dose TBS-2 - Single Dose | 43.97 |
| Medium Dose TBS-2 - Multiple Dose | 400.264 |
Cmax - maximum concentration of total testosterone observed after dosing of TBS-2 (NCT01364623)
Timeframe: Based on blood samples collected -0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 23.5h relative to dosing
| Intervention | ng/dL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Low Dose TBS-2 - Single Dose | 34.058 |
| Medium Dose TBS-2 - Single Dose | 62.880 |
| High Dose TBS-2 - Single Dose | 113.912 |
| Medium Dose TBS-2 - Multiple Dose | 137.555 |
AUCt shown for single dose and AUCtau for multiple dose. (NCT01364623)
Timeframe: Based on blood samples collected -0.25, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 23.5h relative to dosing
| Intervention | ng*h/dL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Low Dose TBS-2 - Single Dose | 23.515 |
| Medium Dose TBS-2 - Single Dose | 38.457 |
| High Dose TBS-2 - Single Dose | 85.180 |
| Medium Dose TBS-2 - Multiple Dose | 122.194 |
Percent changes in bone mineral density from baseline (NCT01378299)
Timeframe: baseline to 18 months
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| lumbar spine | Total hip | femoral neck | |
| BMI Group 1 | 3.00 | 0.14 | 0.71 |
| BMI Group 2 | 4.90 | 1.74 | -0.33 |
| BMI Group 3 | 3.90 | -0.27 | 0.16 |
Percent change in bone turnover markers (NCT01378299)
Timeframe: Baseline to 18 months
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| C-telopeptide | Osteocalcin | |
| GC Genotype for the rs1062033 Polymorphism of the | 5.89 | -20.59 |
| GG Genotype for the rs1062033 Polymorphism in the CYP19A1 Gene | -14.49 | -26.96 |
| GG Genotype for the rs1062033 Polymorphism of the CYP19A1 Gene | 48.96 | 33.59 |
Percent change in hematocrit from baseline to 18 months (NCT01378299)
Timeframe: Baseline to 18 months
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GG Genotype of the rs1062033 Polymorphism in the CYP19A1 Gene | 11.56 |
| GC Genotype of rs1062033 Polymorphism in the CYP19A1 Gene | 9.67 |
| CC Genotype of rs1062033 Polymorphism in the CYP19A1 Gene | 9.46 |
Percent change in gene expression from baseline to 18 months (NCT01378299)
Timeframe: Baseline to 6 months
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GG Genotype for the rs700518 Polymorphism in the cYP19A1 Gene | 25.0 |
| GA Genoypr for the rs700518 Polymorphism of the CYP19A1 Gene | 65.25 |
| AA Genotype for the rs700518 Polymorphism of the CYP19A1 Gene | 113.33 |
Percent change in hematocrit from baseline to 18 months (NCT01378299)
Timeframe: baseline to 18 months
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GG Genotype for the rs700518 Polymorphism of the CYP19A1 Gene | 11.32 |
| GA Genotype for the rs700518 Polymorphism of the CYP19A1 Gene | 9.71 |
| AA Genotype for the rs700518 Polymorphism of the | 9.41 |
Percent change in PSA from baseline at 18 months (NCT01378299)
Timeframe: from baseline to 18 months
| Intervention | precent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GG Genotype of the rs1062033 Polymorphism in the CYP19A1 Gene | 85.15 |
| GC Genotype of rs1062033 Polymorphism in the CYP19A1 Gene | 62.86 |
| CC Genotype for the rs1062033 Polymorphism in the CYP19A1 Gene | 52.93 |
Percent change in PSA from baseline to 18 months (NCT01378299)
Timeframe: From baseline to 18 months
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| GG Genotype for the rs700518 Polymor[Hism of the CYP19A1 Gene | 105.78 |
| GA Genotype of the rs700518 Polymorphism in CYP19A1 Gen | 58.52 |
| AA Genotype for the rs700518 Polymorphism of the CYP19A1 Gene | 44.44 |
Percent change in bone mineral density from baseline to 18 months (NCT01378299)
Timeframe: form baseline to 18 months
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Lumbar spine | Total hip | Femoral neck | |
| AA Genotype for the rs700518 Polymorphism of the CYP19A1 Gene | 3.82 | 0.08 | -1.25 |
| GA Genotype for the rs700518 Polymorphisms of the CYP19A1 Gene | 4.13 | 0.93 | 1.51 |
| GG Genotype for RS 700518 Polymorphism of the CYP19A1 Gene | 3.69 | 0.38 | -1.09 |
Percent change in bone mineral density from baseline to 18 months (NCT01378299)
Timeframe: Baseline to 18 months
| Intervention | Percent change (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| LUMBAR SPINE | TOTAL HIP | FEMORAL NECK | |
| Subjects With Diabetes Mellitus | 4.05 | 1.81 | 1.63 |
| Subjects Without Diabetes Mellitus | 3.28 | 0.53 | -0.55 |
Percent change in bone turnover from baseline to 18 months. (NCT01378299)
Timeframe: Baseline to 18 months
| Intervention | perecent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| C-teloepetide | Osteocalcin | |
| AA Genotype for the rs700518 Polymorphism of the CYP19A1 Gene | -9.75 | -7.27 |
| GA Genotype for the rs700518 Polymorphism of the CYP19A1 Gene | 3.35 | -31.22 |
| GG Genotype for RS 700518 of the CYP19A1 Gene | 41.47 | 12.40 |
Percent change in bone turnover markers from baseline to 18 months. (NCT01378299)
Timeframe: Baseline to 18 months
| Intervention | Percentage Changes (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| C-telopeptide | Osteocalcin | |
| Subjects With Diabetes Mellitus | 73.55 | 20.54 |
| Subjects Without Diabetes Mellitus | 2.05 | -6.62 |
Percent change in bone mineral density from baseline to 18 months. (NCT01378299)
Timeframe: baseline to 18 months
| Intervention | PERCENT CHANGE (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| LUMBAR SPINE | FEMORAL NECK | TOTAL HIP | |
| CC Genotype for the rs1062033 | 3.74 | 0.22 | 0.64 |
| GC Genotype of rs1062033 Polymorphism in the CYP19A1 Gene | 2.85 | 0.64 | 0.70 |
| GG Genotype of the rs1062033 Polymorphism in the CYP19A1 Gene | 4.72 | -1.04 | 0.33 |
The Cmax for plasma concentration. (NCT01386606)
Timeframe: Week 6
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Androxal 6.25 mg | 1.8154 |
| Androxal 12.5 mg | 3.3899 |
| Androxal 25 mg | 16.2993 |
The Tmax for plasma concentration. (NCT01386606)
Timeframe: Week 6
| Intervention | h (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Androxal 6.25 mg | 2.33 |
| Androxal 12.5 mg | 2.42 |
| Androxal 25 mg | 2.41 |
"9 AM morning testosterone correlated with Week 6 serial testosterone Cavg, Cmin, and Cmax.~If a subject did not have a Week 6 serial testosterone Cavg, Cmin, or Cmax then they were not included for that particular correlation calculation." (NCT01386606)
Timeframe: Week 6
| Intervention | Number of Subjects (Number) |
|---|---|
| Androxal Pooled Dose Levels | 35 |
"The primary efficacy endpoint will be 24-hour average (TTavg) and maximum (TTmax) testosterone concentration compared to baseline after 6 weeks of treatment.~Time points (in hours after dosing) at which testosterone concentration was measured are: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24." (NCT01386606)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 6
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TTavg at Baseline | TTavg at Week 6 | TTmax at Baseline | TTmax at Week 6 | |
| AndroGel | 322.4 | 543.9 | 562.3 | 930.1 |
| Androxal 12.5 mg | 373.6 | 460.8 | 513.7 | 607.5 |
| Androxal 25 mg | 298.3 | 586.7 | 425.9 | 764.3 |
| Androxal 6.25 mg | 262.3 | 392.4 | 358.5 | 524.5 |
Changes in morning FSH after continuous dosing (NCT01386606)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 6
| Intervention | mIU/mL (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morning FSH at Baseline | Morning FSH at Week 2 | Morning FSH Change from Baseline at Week 2 | Morning FSH at Week 4 | Morning FSH Change from Baseline at Week 4 | Morning FSH at Week 6 | Morning FSH Change from Baseline at Week 6 | |
| AndroGel | 6.38 | 3.80 | -2.58 | 3.72 | -2.66 | 3.35 | -3.03 |
| Androxal 12.5 mg | 5.63 | 7.77 | 2.14 | 7.12 | 1.48 | 8.19 | 2.56 |
| Androxal 25 mg | 6.31 | 11.41 | 5.09 | 12.34 | 6.03 | 13.45 | 7.14 |
| Androxal 6.25 mg | 4.61 | 6.18 | 1.60 | 6.45 | 1.66 | 5.69 | 1.42 |
Changes in morning LH after continuous dosing (NCT01386606)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 6
| Intervention | mIU/mL (Mean) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morning LH at Baseline | Morning LH at Week 2 | Morning LH Change from Baseline at Week 2 | Morning LH at Week 4 | Morning LH Change from Baseline at Week 4 | Morning LH at Week 6 | Morning LH Change from Baseline at Week 6 | |
| AndroGel | 3.57 | 2.00 | -1.57 | 1.88 | -1.69 | 2.2 | -1.41 |
| Androxal 12.5 mg | 4.82 | 8.60 | 3.78 | 7.20 | 2.38 | 8.2 | 3.39 |
| Androxal 25 mg | 4.98 | 9.64 | 4.66 | 11.78 | 6.79 | 14.5 | 9.51 |
| Androxal 6.25 mg | 3.63 | 5.49 | 1.99 | 6.92 | 3.43 | 6.1 | 2.60 |
The area under the curve for plasma concentration over time from zero to 24 hours (AUC0-24). (NCT01386606)
Timeframe: Week 6
| Intervention | ng*h/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Androxal 6.25 mg | 21.200 |
| Androxal 12.5 mg | 34.012 |
| Androxal 25 mg | 150.51 |
Percentage of Oral TU treated patients who reached study day 90 and had a maximum serum T concentrations (Cmax) values greater than 1500 ng/dL(objective to meet <15%). (NCT01403116)
Timeframe: 90 days
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) | 61 |
The percentages of treated subjects that had 24-hour serum testosterone (T) average concentrations (Cavg) between 300 and 1000 ng/dL (NCT01403116)
Timeframe: Following 90 days of treatment
| Intervention | percentage of partipants (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral Testosterone Undecanoate (TU) | 83.6 |
| Topical Testosterone Gel | 79.2 |
"To determine the efficacy of 4.5% TBS-1 gel, administered 2 or 3 times daily at a dose of 5.5 mg per nostril, in achieving the following serum total testosterone maximum concentration (Cmax) on Day 90:~A Cmax (maximum testosterone concentration) value of 1500 ng/dL or more in at least 85% of the participants analyzed~A Cmax (maximum testosterone concentration) value of 1800 to 2500 ng/dL in fewer than 5% of participants analyzed~No analyzed participants with a Cmax (maximum testosterone concentration) >2500 ng/dL" (NCT01446042)
Timeframe: 90 days
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax <=1500 ng/dL | 1800 ng/dL <= Cmax <=2500 ng/dL | Cmax >2500 ng/dL | |
| TBS-1 - b.i.d. | 107 | 6 | 1 |
| TBS-1 - b.i.d./t.i.d. | 77 | 2 | 0 |
| TBS-1 - t.i.d. | 58 | 1 | 0 |
The percentage of patients with an average serum total testosterone concentration (Cavg) within the normal range (300 to 1050 ng/dL) (NCT01446042)
Timeframe: 90 days
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| TBS-1 - b.i.d. | 76 |
| TBS-1 - b.i.d./t.i.d. | 43 |
| TBS-1 - t.i.d. | 61 |
Percent Change in Spine Bone Density from Baseline (month 0) to Month 12 (NCT01460654)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 months
| Intervention | percent change of bone mineral density (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone and Placebo Alendronate | 2.52 |
| Alendronate and Placebo Testosterone | 0.61 |
| Testosterone and Alendronate | 3.16 |
"Change in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) from 2 weeks prior to surgery to 6, 12, and 24 weeks post surgery.~KOOS is scored from 0 to 100 with 0 representing extreme knee problems and 100 representing normal knee function." (NCT01595581)
Timeframe: 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks post surgery
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 weeks post op | 12 weeks post op | 24 weeks post op | |
| Placebo | 65.5 | 73.2 | 86.6 |
| Testosterone | 63.2 | 76.7 | 84 |
Changes in muscle strength from the start of rehabilitation to 6, 12, and 24 weeks following surgery between the two groups in the injured limb. (NCT01595581)
Timeframe: 6, 12, and 24 weeks post surgery
| Intervention | Nm (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 weeks post op | 12 weeks post op | 24 weeks post op | |
| Placebo | -33.4 | -6.6 | 19.0 |
| Testosterone | -53.5 | -18.3 | 19.2 |
Relative changes in lean mass from 2 weeks prior to surgery to 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks following surgery between the two groups. (NCT01595581)
Timeframe: 6, 12, and 24 weeks post operative
| Intervention | kg (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 weeks post op | 12 weeks post op | 24 weeks post op | |
| Placebo | -0.1 | 0.01 | 1.05 |
| Testosterone | 2.8 | 2.16 | 2.13 |
Basal Metabolic Rate (NCT01652040)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | kcal/day (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post-Intervention (After 16 weeks) | |
| RT+Tp | 1525 | 1665 |
| Testosterone Replacement Patches (Tp) | 1491 | 1502 |
Changes in body composition fat mass (NCT01652040)
Timeframe: 16 weeks
| Intervention | percentage of fat mass (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post-Intervention (After 16 weeks) | |
| RT+Tp | 31.84 | 30.75 |
| Testosteroe Replacement Patches (Tp) | 33.4 | 32.12 |
Fat mass and lean mass were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at baseline and at the end of the 4 week treatment period (NCT01686828)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | kg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change in fat mass | Change in lean mass | |
| Acyline & Placebo Gel & Placebo Pill | 1.1 | -1.2 |
| Acyline & Testosterone Gel & Letrozole | 0.5 | -0.3 |
| Acyline & Testosterone Gel 1.25g/d & Placebo Pill | 0.7 | -1.4 |
| Acyline & Testosterone Gel 5g/d & Placebo Pill | -0.4 | 0.0 |
Whole body insulin sensitivity as quantified by Matsuda Index at the end of the treatment period, calculated by the following equation: 10,000/square root of(FPG*FI)*(FPG+PG30*2+PG60*2+PG90*2+PG120)/8*(FPI+PI30*2+PI60*2+PI90*2+PI)/8). FPG=fasting plasma glucose level; FPI=fasting plasma insulin level; PG30,60,90, and 120=plasma glucose levels sampled at 30,60,90, and 120 minutes after oral glucose load; PI30,60,90, and 120=plasma insulin levels sampled at 30,60,90, and 120 minutes after the oral glucose load (NCT01686828)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) |
|---|---|
| Acyline & Placebo Gel & Placebo Pill | 5.0 |
| Acyline & Testosterone Gel 1.25g/d & Placebo Pill | 9.4 |
| Acyline & Testosterone Gel 5g/d & Placebo Pill | 7.2 |
| Acyline & Testosterone Gel & Letrozole | 7.3 |
We examined whether differences in lipoprotein lipase expression would be evident across study treatment groups. RNA was isolated from whole adipose tissue gene expression, and complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from 1.5 ug of RNA per sample. Gene expression was measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using predesigned TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays. Standard curves were included on each plate, so Ct values were converted to copy numbers of the target gene. Expression values were normalized to the geometric mean of the housekeeping genes phosphoglycerate kinase and 18s. (NCT01686828)
Timeframe: 4 weeks
| Intervention | gene copy number per ng RNA (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Acyline + Placebo Gel + Placebo Pills | 7493 |
| Acyline + Testosterone Gel (1.25g/d) + Placebo Pills | 8224 |
| Acyline + Testosterone Gel (5g/d) + Placebo Pills | 7885 |
| Acyline + Testosterone Gel (5g/d) + Letrozole | 8320 |
Long-term safety profile of oral TU product compared with AndroGel based on absolute change from primary baseline based on Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, hemoglobin, hematocrit and prostate volume. (NCT01699178)
Timeframe: Approximately 365 days
| Intervention | percent (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral TU | 0.38 |
| Transdermal T-gel | 0.37 |
Long-term safety profile of oral TU product compared with AndroGel based on absolute change from primary baseline based on Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, hemoglobin, hematocrit and prostate volume. (NCT01699178)
Timeframe: Approximately 365 days
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral TU | 2.4 |
| Transdermal T-gel | 4.0 |
Long-term safety profile of oral TU product compared with AndroGel based on absolute change from primary baseline based on Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, hemoglobin, hematocrit and prostate volume. (NCT01699178)
Timeframe: Approximately 365 days
| Intervention | g/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral TU | 0.36 |
| Transdermal T-gel | 0.36 |
Long-term safety profile of oral TU product compared with AndroGel based on absolute change from primary baseline based on Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, hemoglobin, hematocrit and prostate volume. (NCT01699178)
Timeframe: Approximately 365 days
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral TU | -1.5 |
| Transdermal T-gel | 6.0 |
Long-term safety profile of oral TU product compared with AndroGel based on absolute change from primary baseline based on Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, hemoglobin, hematocrit and prostate volume. (NCT01699178)
Timeframe: Approximately 365 days
| Intervention | cc (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral TU | 1.09 |
| Transdermal T-gel | 0.40 |
Long-term safety profile of oral TU product compared with AndroGel based on absolute change from primary baseline based on Total Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, hemoglobin, hematocrit and prostate volume. (NCT01699178)
Timeframe: Approximately 365 days
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Oral TU | 0.2 |
| Transdermal T-gel | 8.2 |
"To measure quality of life through the RAND-SF36 (short-form 36 questionnaire) Quality of Life Survey, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Prostate Cancer (FACT-P), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and a visual pain scale. Note that for all scales, higher scores indicate better quality of life/function, with the exception being the visual pain scale, where a higher score indicates more pain.~RAND-SF36: SF-36 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered quality-of-life measures. Range is from 0 to 100.~FACT-P: A tool used for assessing the health-related quality of life in men with prostate cancer. Range is from 0 to 156.~IIEF: Is a measure of erectile function. Range is from 5 to 25. IPSS: A tool used to measure symptoms related to prostatic disease. Range is from 0 to 35.~Visual pain scale: A tool used to track pain level. Range is from 0 to 10." (NCT01750398)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change in SF-36 after round 1 of BAT | Change in FACT-P after round 1 of BAT | Change in IIEF after round 1 of BAT | Change in IPSS after round 1 of BAT | |
| ADT Plus IM Testosterone | 3.2 | 3.5 | 10 | 0 |
To evaluate the number of men treated per the bipolar androgen therapy phase of the trial who developed radiographic or clinical progression. Radiographic progression is defined using Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors Criteria (RECIST), as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions. Clinical progression was defined as new symptoms that can be attributed to progressive prostate cancer (e.g. new/worsening pain, urinary obstruction, cord compression, bone fractures). (NCT01750398)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patients with radiographic/clinical progression | Patients without radiographic/clinical progression | |
| ADT Plus IM Testosterone | 6 | 23 |
To evaluate the number of patients who achieve a complete PSA response (i.e. serum PSA <0.2 ng/ml) at the end of the study (NCT01750398)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Patients with PSA <0.2 ng/ml | Patients with PSA ≥0.2 ng/ml | |
| ADT Plus IM Testosterone | 3 | 26 |
Change in c-telopeptides following Round 1 of BAT (9 months) compared to the timepoint immediately following the ADT Lead-In (6 months) (NCT01750398)
Timeframe: 6 months and 9 months
| Intervention | pg/ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| ADT Plus IM Testosterone | -159.77 |
To determine the clinical effects of BAT in men with recurrent prostate cancer as first line therapy. This will be accomplished by assessing the number of patients achieving a PSA <4 ng/ml at the end of the trial. (NCT01750398)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| ADT Plus IM Testosterone | 17 |
(NCT01750398)
Timeframe: Bseline, 6 months and 9 months.
| Intervention | cm (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Following ADT lead in | Following round 1 of BAT | |
| ADT Plus IM Testosterone | 3.9 | -1.09 |
Change in weight is measured from baseline to 6 months (i.e. following ADT lead in) and from 6 months to 9 months (i.e. from post-ADT to the end of cycle 1 of BAT). (NCT01750398)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 months and 9 months.
| Intervention | kg (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Following ADT lead in | Following round 1 of BAT | |
| ADT Plus IM Testosterone | 2.08 | 1.21 |
The number of subjects (116) analyzed includes only those subjects with serum testosterone Cavg data available on study day 114. (NCT01765179)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours post-dose on day 114
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Testosterone Undecanoate | 87 |
The number of subjects (116) analyzed includes only those subjects with serum testosterone Cavg data available on study day 114. (NCT01765179)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours post-dose on day 114
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cmax less that 1500 ng/dL | Cmax between 1500 and 1800 ng/dL | Cmax >1800 to 2500 ng/dL | Cmax >2500 ng/dL | |
| Oral Testosterone Undecanoate | 95 | 10 | 7 | 4 |
Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Score (MADRS) Score: This scale measures depression symptom severity. Higher scores indicate more severe depression symptom severity. The score range is 0-60 units on a scale. (NCT01783574)
Timeframe: Week 8
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone | 15.3 |
| Placebo | 14.1 |
Brief Fatigue Inventory: This inventory measures fatigue severity. Higher scores indicate more severe fatigue. The range is 0-10 units on a scale. (NCT01783574)
Timeframe: Week 8
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone | 4.0 |
| Placebo | 3.7 |
Derogatis Interview of Sexual Function (Total Score): This scale measures sexual function. Lower scores indicate worse sexual function. The score range for this questionnaire is 0-160. (NCT01783574)
Timeframe: Week 8
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone | 45.1 |
| Placebo | 47.5 |
"The HED is a self-administered instrument used to assess real-time energy levels in men with symptomatic hypogonadism. It consists of 2 questions that were scored on a scale from 0 to 10, with 10 corresponding to Full of Energy or Not Tired at All (The Tiredness scale was reverse-mapped, as it was collected with 10 corresponding to Extreme Tiredness). The questionnaire was completed 3 times daily (forming 6 unique items) for 7 consecutive days. Item scores were computed by averaging the values for each item across 7 days. If more than 2 days were missing for an item, the item score was missing. The total score was computed by summing the item scores and linearly transforming the sum to a 0 to 100 scale, with higher scores corresponding to greater energy. If any item score was missing, the total score was missing. LS mean change from baseline was calculated using ANCOVA with treatment group and the baseline value as covariates." (NCT01816295)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Solution | 7.5 |
| Testosterone Solution | 10.5 |
"The SAID Scale is a self-administered instrument used to assess sexual arousal, interest, and sex drive in men with symptomatic hypogonadism. The SAID consists of 5 questions that were scored on a scale from 1 to 5, with 5 corresponding to greater levels of sexual arousal, interest, or drive. The SAID Scale total score was computed by summing the item scores and linearly transforming the sum to a 0 to 100 scale, with higher scores corresponding to greater sexual arousal, interest, and drive. Least squares (LS) mean change from baseline was calculated using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with treatment group and the baseline value as covariates." (NCT01816295)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Solution | 6.3 |
| Testosterone Solution | 11.4 |
Normal range for total serum testosterone was defined as 300 to 1050 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL). (NCT01816295)
Timeframe: Week 12
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo Solution | 43 |
| Testosterone Solution | 217 |
The IPSS is a self-administered instrument used to assess for the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms. The IPSS consists of 7 questions that were scored on a scale from 0 (none/no symptoms) to 5 (frequent symptoms), for a total score range of 0 to 35. Higher numerical scores from the IPSS questionnaire represent greater severity of symptoms. LS mean change from baseline was calculated using ANCOVA with treatment group and the baseline value as covariates. (NCT01816295)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 12, Week 36
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline to Week 12 | Change from Baseline to Week 36 (n=247, 255) | |
| Placebo Solution | -0.7 | -0.7 |
| Testosterone Solution | -0.9 | -0.7 |
(NCT01816295)
Timeframe: Double Blind Baseline, Week 12, Open Label Baseline, Week 36
| Intervention | participants (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Double-Blind Baseline (n=350, 347) | Week 12 (n=289, 299) | Open Label Baseline (n=269, 278) | Week 36 (n=219, 223) | |
| Placebo Solution | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| Testosterone Solution | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
The number of TT Cavg (0-168h) values within the normal range (300-1100 ng/dL) following treatment with SC TE administered via QST or IM TE (NCT01887418)
Timeframe: 6 weeks
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| QuickShot™ - 100 mg Treatment A | 10 |
| QuickShot™ - 50 mg Treatment B | 12 |
| Delatestryl 200 mg IM Treatment C | 3 |
The area under the curve from time zero to last quantifiable concentration [AUC (0-t)] of TE administered by SC injection once weekly at doses of 50 mg and 100 mg via the QST (NCT01887418)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hours post-dose, at 6 Weeks
| Intervention | ng*hr/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| QuickShot™ - 100 mg Treatment A | 150445.2 |
| QuickShot™ - 50 mg Treatment B | 70955.7 |
| Delatestryl 200 mg IM Treatment C | 278657.9 |
The average concentration [Cavg] of TE administered by SC injection once weekly at doses of 50 mg and 100 mg via the QST (NCT01887418)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hours post-dose, at 6 Weeks
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| QuickShot™ - 100 mg Treatment A | 895.5 |
| QuickShot™ - 50 mg Treatment B | 422.4 |
| Delatestryl 200 mg IM Treatment C | 1658.7 |
The maximum observed plasma concentration [Cmax] of TE administered by SC injection once weekly at doses of 50 mg and 100 mg via the QST (NCT01887418)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 168 hours post-dose, at 6 Weeks
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| QuickShot™ - 100 mg Treatment A | 1345.6 |
| QuickShot™ - 50 mg Treatment B | 622.4 |
| Delatestryl 200 mg IM Treatment C | 261.9 |
"PGI-I for sexual drive is a participant-rated questionnaire that measure change in sexual drive after a participant begins the study drug. The questionnaire was completed at every visit post baseline using a 7-point scale where a score of 1 indicated that the participant's sexual drive was very much better, a score of 4 indicated that the participant had experienced no change in sexual drive and a score of 7 indicated that the participant's sexual drive was very much worse. Percentage of participants = (number of participants in the category) / (total number of participants who responded to the questionnaire) * 100." (NCT01893281)
Timeframe: Study Days 15, 22, 36, 43, 57, 64 and endpoint
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very much better - Day 15 (n=76) | Much better - Day 15 (n=76) | A little better - Day 15 (n=76) | No change - Day 15 (n=76) | A little worse - Day 15 (n=76) | Much worse - Day 15 (n=76) | Very much worse - Day 15 (n=76) | Very much better - Day 22 (n=76) | Much better - Day 22 (n=76) | A little better - Day 22 (n=76) | No change - Day 22 (n=76) | A little worse - Day 22 (n=76) | Much worse - Day 22 (n=76) | Very much worse - Day 22 (n=76) | Very much better - Day 36 (n=22) | Much better - Day 36 (n=22) | A little better - Day 36 (n=22) | No change - Day 36 (n=22) | A little worse - Day 36 (n=22) | Much worse - Day 36 (n=22) | Very much worse - Day 36 (n=22) | Very much better - Day 43 (n=22) | Much better - Day 43 (n=22) | A little better - Day 43 (n=22) | No change - Day 43 (n=22) | A little worse - Day 43 (n=22) | Much worse - Day 43 (n=22) | Very much worse - Day 43 (n=22) | Very much better - Day 57 (n=6) | Much better - Day 57 (n=6) | A little better - Day 57 (n=6) | No change - Day 57 (n=6) | A little worse - Day 57 (n=6) | Much worse - Day 57 (n=6) | Very much worse - Day 57 (n=6) | Very much better - Day 64 (n=6) | Much better - Day 64 (n=6) | A little better - Day 64 (n=6) | No change - Day 64 (n=6) | A little worse - Day 64 (n=6) | Much worse - Day 64 (n=6) | Very much worse - Day 64 (n=6) | Very much better - Endpoint (n=77) | Much better - Endpoint (n=77) | A little better - Endpoint (n=77) | No change - Endpoint (n=77) | A little worse - Endpoint (n=77) | Much worse - Endpoint (n=77) | Very much worse - Endpoint (n=77) | |
| Topical Testosterone Solution | 3.95 | 11.84 | 44.74 | 38.16 | 1.32 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5.26 | 25.00 | 39.47 | 30.26 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 22.73 | 45.45 | 31.82 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.55 | 22.73 | 36.36 | 31.82 | 4.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 33.33 | 0.00 | 50.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.79 | 27.27 | 35.06 | 28.57 | 1.30 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Serum testosterone levels were measured by LC/MS-MS. (NCT01893281)
Timeframe: Baseline, Study Completion (Up to 9 Weeks)
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Topical Testosterone Solution | 354.8 |
Normal serum testosterone level is defined as ≥300 to ≤1050 nanograms/deciliter (ng/dL). Serum testosterone levels were measured by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). Percentage of participants = (number of participants who achieved normal serum testosterone level) / (number of treated participants who had serum testosterone level measured) * 100. (NCT01893281)
Timeframe: Baseline through Study Completion (Up to 9 Weeks)
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Topical Testosterone Solution | 94.7 |
"PGI-I for energy level is a participant-rated questionnaire that measures change in energy level after a participant begins the study drug. The questionnaire was completed at every visit post baseline using a 7-point scale where a score of 1 indicated that the participant's energy level was very much better, a score of 4 indicated that the participant had experienced no change in energy level and a score of 7 indicated that the participant's energy level was very much worse. Percentage of participants = (number of participants in the category) / (total number of participants who responded to the questionnaires) * 100." (NCT01893281)
Timeframe: Study Days 15, 22, 36, 43, 57, 64 and endpoint
| Intervention | percentage of participants (Number) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very much better - Day 15 (n=75) | Much better - Day 15 (n=75) | A little better - Day 15 (n=75) | No change - Day 15 (n=75) | A little worse - Day 15 (n=75) | Much worse - Day 15 (n=75) | Very much worse - Day 15 (n=75) | Very much better - Day 22 (n=76) | Much better - Day 22 (n=76) | A little better - Day 22 (n=76) | No change - Day 22 (n=76) | A little worse - Day 22 (n=76) | Much worse - Day 22 (n=76) | Very much worse - Day 22 (n=76) | Very much better - Day 36 (n=22) | Much better - Day 36 (n=22) | A little better - Day 36 (n=22) | No change - Day 36 (n=22) | A little worse - Day 36 (n=22) | Much worse - Day 36 (n=22) | Very much worse - Day 36 (n=22) | Very much better - Day 43 (n=22) | Much better - Day 43 (n=22) | A little better - Day 43 (n=22) | No change - Day 43 (n=22) | A little worse - Day 43 (n=22) | Much worse - Day 43 (n=22) | Very much worse - Day 43 (n=22) | Very much better - Day 57 (n=6) | Much better - Day 57 (n=6) | A little better - Day 57 (n=6) | No change - Day 57 (n=6) | A little worse - Day 57 (n=6) | Much worse - Day 57 (n=6) | Very much worse - Day 57 (n=6) | Very much better - Day 64 (n=6) | Much better - Day 64 (n=6) | A little better - Day 64 (n=6) | No change - Day 64 (n=6) | A little worse - Day 64 (n=6) | Much worse - Day 64 (n=6) | Very much worse - Day 64 (n=6) | Very much better - Endpoint (n=77) | Much better - Endpoint (n=77) | A little better - Endpoint (n=77) | No change - Endpoint (n=77) | A little worse - Endpoint (n=77) | Much worse - Endpoint (n=77) | Very much worse - Endpoint (n=77) | |
| Topical Testosterone Solution | 4.00 | 16.00 | 44.00 | 36.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.89 | 27.63 | 40.79 | 22.37 | 1.32 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.55 | 18.18 | 50.00 | 22.73 | 4.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.55 | 27.27 | 40.91 | 22.73 | 4.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 33.33 | 50.00 | 16.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 16.67 | 33.33 | 33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 10.39 | 29.87 | 35.06 | 22.08 | 2.60 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Number of participants with complete or partial response post-BAT as defined by RECIST 1.1 (for soft tissue lesions) and PCWG2 criteria (for bone disease), or return to castration-only post-BAT. (NCT02090114)
Timeframe: up to 18 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Cohort A:Post-enzalutamide | 6 |
| Cohort B: Post-abiraterone | 2 |
| Cohort C: Castration Only | 4 |
| Cohort D: Mutation | 0 |
Number of participants with ≥50% PSA reduction from pre-BAT baseline level (NCT02090114)
Timeframe: up to 18 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Cohort A:Post-enzalutamide | 9 |
| Cohort B: Post-abiraterone | 5 |
| Cohort C: Castration Only | 4 |
| Cohort D: Mutation | 2 |
Time to PSA progression on BAT. Time to PSA progression on BAT is defined as the time from the date of initial dose of Testosterone to the date of the PSA measurement when it shows an ≥25% increase above the nadir value and confirmed by a repeat PSA 4 weeks later (PCWG2 criteria) during the treatment with BAT. (NCT02090114)
Timeframe: up to 18 months
| Intervention | months (Median) |
|---|---|
| Cohort A:Post-enzalutamide | 3.3 |
| Cohort B: Post-abiraterone | 3.2 |
| Cohort C: Castration Only | 0.93 |
| Cohort D: Mutation | 3 |
Time to PSA progression on enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate or return to castrate levels of testosterone post-BAT, defined as the time from the date of re-initiation of enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate or castration-only therapy to the date of the PSA measurement when it shows an increase by ≥25% above the nadir value that occurred following re-initiation of enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate or castration-only therapy and confirmed by a repeat PSA 4 weeks later (PCWG2). (NCT02090114)
Timeframe: up to 18 months
| Intervention | months (Median) |
|---|---|
| Cohort A:Post-enzalutamide | 5.5 |
| Cohort B: Post-abiraterone | 3.7 |
| Cohort C: Castration Only | NA |
Number of participants with ≥50% PSA reduction after enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate post-BAT from baseline (NCT02090114)
Timeframe: up to 24 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Cohort A:Post-enzalutamide | 15 |
| Cohort B: Post-abiraterone | 3 |
| Cohort D: Mutation | 2 |
Number of participants who experience adverse events, as defined by NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v4.0. (NCT02090114)
Timeframe: 18 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Cohort A:Post-enzalutamide | 30 |
| Cohort B: Post-abiraterone | 29 |
| Cohort C: Castration Only | 29 |
| Cohort D: Mutation | 7 |
Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy, Fatigue Subscale (FACIT-F) assesses Fatigue with a total score range of 0-52, with a higher score reflecting better QoL. (NCT02090114)
Timeframe: up to 18 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Cycle 1 Day 85 | |
| Cohort A:Post-enzalutamide | 13.28 | 10.64 |
| Cohort B: Post-abiraterone | 16.86 | 13.85 |
| Cohort C: Castration Only | 13 | 11.55 |
International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) is a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction, with a total score range of 5-25, with the lowest score indicating a higher degree of dysfunction. (NCT02090114)
Timeframe: up to 18 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | BAT C1D85 | |
| Cohort A:Post-enzalutamide | 8 | 24.13 |
| Cohort B: Post-abiraterone | 7.33 | 24.94 |
| Cohort C: Castration Only | 12.56 | 22.44 |
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a self-report measure that is made up of two mood scales, one measuring positive affect and the other measuring negative affect, with a total score range from 10-50 with a higher score on the positive scale indicating greater levels of positive affect and a lower score on the negative scale indicating less of a negative affect. (NCT02090114)
Timeframe: up to 18 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | BAT C1D85 | |
| Cohort A:Post-enzalutamide | 46.15 | 45.1 |
| Cohort B: Post-abiraterone | 48 | 45.22 |
| Cohort C: Castration Only | 41.24 | 44.48 |
RAND 36-Item Short Form (RANDSF-36) assesses physical functioning, bodily pain, role limitations due to physical health problems, role limitations due to personal or emotional problems, emotional well-being, social functioning, energy/fatigue, general health perceptions, and perceived change in health with a total score range of 0-100. The total score from all of the questions answered is divided by the total number of the questions answered yielding a global score from 0-100, with a higher score reflecting a better QoL. (NCT02090114)
Timeframe: up to 18 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Cycle 1 Day 85 | |
| Cohort A:Post-enzalutamide | 72.23 | 71.76 |
| Cohort B: Post-abiraterone | 64.36 | 73.97 |
| Cohort C: Castration Only | 69.72 | 73.40 |
"Incidence of adverse events throughout the study~Incidence and severity of injection site reactions throughout the study" (NCT02159469)
Timeframe: 52 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with any TEAE | Patients with any TEAE related to IP | Patients with any SAE | Patients with TEAE leading to discontinuation | Patients discontinued due to IP related TEAE | Patients with any adverse event leading to death | |
| Testosterone Enanthate Auto-injector | 125 | 66 | 3 | 30 | 1 | 1 |
The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of QST (QuickShot Testosterone) administered subcutaneously once each week to adult males with hypogonadism. (NCT02159469)
Timeframe: 12 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Enanthate Auto-injector | 139 |
Vd/F (L) = Apparent volume of distribution (NCT02233751)
Timeframe: 168 hours
| Intervention | Liters (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| TT | TE | |
| Testosterone Enanthate 200 mg | 10959.5 | 62366.4 |
| Testosterone Enanthate 50 mg | 6655.8 | NA |
AUC(0-inf) (ng⋅hr/dL) = area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (NCT02233751)
Timeframe: time zero to infinity
| Intervention | (ng⋅hr/dL) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| TT | TE | |
| Testosterone Enanthate 200 mg | 362627.4 | 62497.5 |
| Testosterone Enanthate 50 mg | 279062.2 | NA |
AUC(0-168h) (ng⋅hr/dL) = area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to Day 8 (1 week); (NCT02233751)
Timeframe: 168 hrs
| Intervention | (ng⋅hr/dL) (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| TT | TE | |
| Testosterone Enanthate 200 mg | 176112.8 | 33535.5 |
| Testosterone Enanthate 50 mg | 103731.5 | 6122.2 |
tmax = Time to reach maximum concentration (NCT02233751)
Timeframe: The sample time of Cmax during a 168 hour sampling interval
| Intervention | hours (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| TT | TE | |
| Testosterone Enanthate 200 mg | 19.00 | 74.00 |
| Testosterone Enanthate 50 mg | 40.51 | 82.01 |
Cmax = Maximum blood concentration (ng/dL) of TT=Total Testosterone and TE=Testosterone Enanthate (NCT02233751)
Timeframe: Maximum serum concentrations occurring during an 8 days study window
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Serum testosterone | Serum testosterone enanthate | |
| Testosterone Enanthate 200 mg | 1487.0 | 267.33 |
| Testosterone Enanthate 50 mg | 773.7 | 49.25 |
t 1/2 = Half-life is the time required for a concentration to reduce to half its initial value (NCT02233751)
Timeframe: 168 hours
| Intervention | hours (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| TT | TE | |
| Testosterone Enanthate 200 mg | 131.75 | 133.00 |
| Testosterone Enanthate 50 mg | 261.73 | NA |
Clearance - volume of plasma from which TT/TE is completely removed per unit time (NCT02233751)
Timeframe: 168 hours
| Intervention | L/hr (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| TT | TE | |
| Testosterone Enanthate 200 mg | 60.46 | 352.84 |
| Testosterone Enanthate 50 mg | 18.07 | NA |
Percent Change in thigh (knee extensors) muscle cross-sectional area of the non-dominant limb assessed via MRI (NCT02248701)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 6 months | 12 months | |
| Placebo Treatment | -0.9 | -1.9 |
| Testosterone Enanthate, Finasteride | 7.9 | 11.4 |
Percent change in visceral (android) fat mass assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (NCT02248701)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 6 months | 12 months | |
| Placebo Treatment | -3.2 | 0.2 |
| Testosterone Enanthate, Finasteride | -8.2 | -13.6 |
Percent change in total body fat assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (NCT02248701)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 6 months | 12 months | |
| Placebo Treatment | -4.7 | -1.9 |
| Testosterone Enanthate, Finasteride | -6.8 | -8.7 |
Percent change in thigh (knee extensors) peak isometric torque production of the non-dominant limb assessed via dynamometry (NCT02248701)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 6 months | 12 months | |
| Placebo Treatment | -8.6 | 0.5 |
| Testosterone Enanthate, Finasteride | 19.9 | 15.5 |
Percent change in total hip bone mineral density of the non-dominant limb assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (NCT02248701)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months
| Intervention | percent change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change at 6 months | Change at 12 months | |
| Placebo Treatment | -0.5 | 1.1 |
| Testosterone Enanthate, Finasteride | 1.7 | 1.2 |
Absolute change in 10 m walking speed (NCT02248701)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months
| Intervention | meters/second (m/s) change (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| 6 months | 12 months | |
| Placebo Treatment | 0.05 | 0.01 |
| Testosterone Enanthate, Finasteride | 0 | 0.10 |
The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy - Fatigue has a score range of 0-52 with higher scores indicating better quality of life. (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: up to 1 year
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month 1 | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 12 | |
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 38.13 | 38.39 | 39.23 | 41.67 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 32.60 | 33.51 | 34.51 | 34.58 |
The IIEF assesses erectile function (EF), orgasmic function (OF), sexual desire (SD), intercourse satisfaction (IS), orgasmic satisfaction (OS). Each of domains are scored on a scale of 0 to 5 with a lower score indicating a bad quality sex life. The IIEF questionnaire has a total score that ranges from 5 to 25 with lower score indicating less erectile dysfunction. A positive change in the score reflects better outcome. (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: up to 1 year
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EF - baseline to month 1 | EF - baseline to month 3 | EF - baseline to month 6 | EF - baseline to month 12 | OF - baseline to month 1 | OF - baseline to month 3 | OF - baseline to month 6 | OF - baseline to month 12 | SD - baseline to month 1 | SD - baseline to month 3 | SD - baseline to month 6 | SD - baseline to month 12 | IS - baseline to month 1 | IS - baseline to month 3 | IS - baseline to month 6 | IS - baseline to month 12 | OS - baseline to month 1 | OS - baseline to month 3 | OS - baseline to month 6 | OS - baseline to month 12 | |
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 1.17 | 2.65 | 2.36 | 2.5 | 0.91 | 1.93 | 2.19 | 2.93 | 0.97 | 1.85 | 2.52 | 2.38 | 0.36 | 1.55 | 0.74 | 2.40 | 0.65 | 1.13 | 0.60 | 2.00 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.65 | 0.05 | 0.25 | -0.02 | 0.04 | 0.17 | -0.27 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.30 | -0.01 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.25 | -0.09 | 0.20 |
All questions are scored on a scale from 0 to 100. The total score from all of the questions answered is divided by the total number of the questions answered yielding a global score from 0-100 with 100 representing the highest level of functioning possible. (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: up to 1 year
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 1 | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 12 | |
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 63.16 | 61.68 | 62.34 | 63.49 | 67.35 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 61.89 | 56.94 | 55.34 | 58.67 | 59.65 |
The Negative Affect Score is calculated by adding the scores on items 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, and 20. Scores can range from 10 - 50, with lower scores representing lower levels of negative affect. (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: up to 1 year
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 1 | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 12 | |
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 13.89 | 14.28 | 14.44 | 14.26 | 14.24 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 13.96 | 14.90 | 15.43 | 14.80 | 13.48 |
Interference is calculated by adding the scores for questions 8a, b, c, d, e, f and g and then dividing by 7. This gives an interference score out of 10, higher score indicates more pain interference. (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: 1 year
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 1 | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 12 | |
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 1.22 | 1.55 | 2.00 | 1.96 | 1.04 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 1.27 | 2.26 | 1.94 | 1.84 | 1.70 |
The Positive Affect Score is calculated by adding the scores on items 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, and 19. Scores can range from 10 - 50, with higher scores representing higher levels of positive affect. (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: up to 1 year
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 1 | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 12 | |
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 33.99 | 33.72 | 33.23 | 33.96 | 36.24 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 32.35 | 32.33 | 31.48 | 31.84 | 29.88 |
Severity is calculated by adding the scores for questions 2, 3, 4 and 5 and then dividing by 4. This gives a severity score out of 10, high score indicates more severe pain. (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: 1 year
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 1 | Month 3 | Month 6 | Month 12 | |
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 1.29 | 1.19 | 1.67 | 1.57 | 0.76 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 1.20 | 1.94 | 1.62 | 1.81 | 1.13 |
Reported as number of months till Prostate-Specific Antigen increase of greater or equal to 50% according to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG2) criteria. (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years
| Intervention | month (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 2.79 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 3.81 |
Number of months until 20% increase in the sum of target lesions on CT scans. (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: up to 2 years
| Intervention | months (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 5.75 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 8.28 |
Number of participants achieving a Prostate-Specific Antigen decline ≥ 50% according to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG2) criteria. (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 14 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 18 |
Time from initiation of therapy to progression on crossover treatment (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: up to 2 years
| Intervention | months (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 28.2 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 19.6 |
"Time to clinical progression will be defined as months from randomization to any of the following (whichever occurs earlier):~Cancer pain requiring initiation of chronic administration of opiate analgesia (oral opiate use for ≥3 weeks; parenteral opiate use for ≥7 days. Patients with cancer pain requiring opiate analgesia for relief should also be assessed by the investigator for the need for initiating systemic chemotherapy or palliative radiation.~Development of a skeletal-related event (SRE): pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression, or need for surgical intervention or radiation therapy to the bone.~Development of clinically significant symptoms due to loco-regional tumor progression (e.g. urinary obstruction) requiring surgical intervention or radiation therapy." (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: up to 2 years
| Intervention | months (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 5.62 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 5.72 |
Time until death for any reasons (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: up to 3 years
| Intervention | months (Median) |
|---|---|
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 32.9 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 29 |
Number of participants with partial (PR) or complete response (CR) as defined by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST), where CR is a disappearance of all target lesions and PR is ≥30% reduction in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions. (NCT02286921)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Arm A: Testosterone Cypionate or Testosterone Enanthate | 8 |
| Arm B: Enzalutamide | 1 |
Stretched penile length will be measured by a physician before randomization and at the end of the study period. (NCT02408445)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | cm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Treatment | 0.9 |
| No Treatment | -0.3 |
Fat free mass (lean mass) will be measured using air displacement plethysmography (PEA POD) at the beginning and end of the study period. (NCT02408445)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Treatment | 1.4 |
| No Treatment | 0.6 |
Body fat percentage will be measured using air displacement plethysmography (PEA POD) at the beginning and end of the study period. Age and sex-normed z-scores will be calculated. The Z-score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A Z-score of 0 is equal to the mean with negative numbers indicating values lower than the mean and positive values higher. Change in the z-score over time, if following a normal growth curve, is 0. Positive change in z-scores indicates a gain in body fat above growth typically expected. Negative change in z-scores indicates a gain in body fat that is less than typically expected. (NCT02408445)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Treatment | -0.12 |
| No Treatment | 0.92 |
Serum will be collected at the first study visit prior to randomization. AMH levels will be measured. (NCT02408445)
Timeframe: baseline only
| Intervention | pmol/l (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Treatment | 1377 |
| No Treatment | 2208 |
Serum will be collected at the first study visit prior to randomization. Ultrasensitive FSH will be measured. (NCT02408445)
Timeframe: baseline only
| Intervention | mIU/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Treatment | 1.8 |
| No Treatment | 1.7 |
Serum will be collected at the first study visit prior to randomization. Inhibin B levels will be measured. (NCT02408445)
Timeframe: baseline only
| Intervention | pg/ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Treatment | 244 |
| No Treatment | 355 |
Serum will be collected at the first study visit prior to randomization. Ultrasensitive LH will be measured. (NCT02408445)
Timeframe: baseline only
| Intervention | mIU/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Treatment | 2.5 |
| No Treatment | 2.5 |
Serum will be collected at the first study visit prior to randomization. Total testosterone by mass spectroscopy will be measured. (NCT02408445)
Timeframe: baseline only
| Intervention | ng/dl (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Treatment | 181 |
| No Treatment | 166 |
Motor development will be assessed by an occupational therapist using the standardized Peabody Developmental Motor Scales 2. Standard scores are normalized to age with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. Change in standard score was calculated as the differences between the subject's standard score at 3 months minus the standard score at baseline. A positive change in standard scores would indicate greater growth on the measure relative to peers, while a negative number would indicate slower growth on the measure relative to peers. (NCT02408445)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | change in standard score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Treatment | 2.8 |
| No Treatment | 2.0 |
Muscle tone and motor development will be assessed by an occupational therapist using the standardized Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). The AIMS scale measures infant motor maturation from birth until the age of independent walking. An occupational therapists assesses 58 motor behavior items in 4 position categories: prone (21 items), supine (9 items), sitting (12 items) & standing(16 standing). Each item receives one point (range of raw scores 0-58), with higher scores indicating more skills acquired. For change in scores, the raw score at 3 months was subtracted from the baseline raw score. (NCT02408445)
Timeframe: 3 months
| Intervention | raw score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Treatment | 10.5 |
| No Treatment | 8.9 |
"Number of participants experiencing adverse events that started on or after the first dose of QST, or existed prior to the first dose and woresened in severity or relatedness to QST after dosing, were evaluated in this population.~Although a patient may have had 2 or more TEAEs or SAEs, the patient was counted only once within a SOC category. The same patient may have contributed to 2 or more preferred term categories. (Four patients had a total of 9 SAEs during the study)" (NCT02504541)
Timeframe: 26 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with any TEAE | Patients with any TEAE related to QST | Patients with SAE | Patients with TEAE leading to Discontinuation | Patients with QST related TEAE and discontinuation | |
| Testosterone Enanthate Auto-injector | 87 | 34 | 4 | 8 | 4 |
"The measured outcome presented is the difference as a percent of mean of T results when comparing T Concentrations measured in three different types of NaF containing collection tubes (NaF+EDTA, NaF+Oxalate and NaF) to T measured in blood collected in plain tubes. The % of Mean Difference in T concentration for each tube type was obtained by taking the average at each time point a T concentration was obtained, and calculating the mean difference between the test ((NaF+EDTA, NaF+Oxalate and NaF) tubes and the control (plain) tube.~The concentration of total T will be determined in the serum/plasma samples of all subjects using validated LC/MS/MS methods at the Endocrine and Metabolic Research Lab." (NCT02670343)
Timeframe: Sample collection at -0.5, and 0 hours pre-dose and post-dose samples collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, hours after a single dose of oral TU.
| Intervention | Difference as % of Mean of T results (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| NAF+EDTA | NAF+Oxalate | NAF | |
| Oral Testosterone Undecanoate | 8.6 | 16.6 | 23.2 |
During the chair rise section of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), subjects are timed while they rise from a seated (chair) to standing position. Subjects perform this task 5 times and data is presented as their best time. (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: 10 Weeks
| Intervention | seconds (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.08 |
| Testosterone | 1.01 |
During the chair rise section of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), subjects are timed while they rise from a seated (chair) to standing position. Subjects perform this task 5 times and data is presented as their faster time. (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | seconds (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.08 |
| Testosterone | 2.02 |
Fat-free Mass (kg) calculated from total weight (kg) and percent body fat (%) obtained during bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: 0 to 10 Weeks
| Intervention | kg (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.8 |
| Testosterone | 2.5 |
During the gait speed section of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) subjects are timed while walking a predefined 4 meter course. Data is shown as change in speed (meters/second) from baseline (0 weeks) to 10 weeks. A increase in speed indicates a better outcome. (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: 0 to 10 Weeks
| Intervention | meters/second (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.10 |
| Testosterone | 0.48 |
Measured using a handgrip dynamometer (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: 0 to 10 Weeks
| Intervention | kg (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | -5.0 |
| Testosterone | 5.0 |
Collected using a manual muscle tester (MMT). (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: 0 to 10 Weeks
| Intervention | kg (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0.9 |
| Testosterone | 2.6 |
Collected using a manual muscle tester (MMT). (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: 0 to 10 Weeks
| Intervention | kg (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 1.7 |
| Testosterone | 5.9 |
During the Semi-Tandem Balance section of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) subjects are asked to stand with their feet in a semi-tandem stance (heel of one foot placed to side of the first toe of the other foot) and balance for a maximum of 10 seconds. If they are unable to perform balance test, they receive a score of 0 seconds, maximum score is 10 seconds. A higher score indicates a better outcome. (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: 10 Weeks
| Intervention | seconds (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10 |
| Testosterone | 10 |
During the Semi-Tandem Balance section of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) subjects are asked to stand with their feet in a semi-tandem stance (heel of one foot placed to side of the first toe of the other foot) and balance for a maximum of 10 seconds. If they are unable to perform balance test, they receive a score of 0 seconds, maximum score is 10 seconds. A higher score indicates a better outcome. (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | seconds (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| Testosterone | 0 |
During the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) side by side balance test subjects are asked to stand with their feet together and balance for a maximum of 10 seconds. If they are unable to perform balance test, they receive a score of 0 seconds, maximum score is 10 seconds. A higher score indicates a better outcome. (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: 10 Weeks
| Intervention | seconds (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 10 |
| Testosterone | 10 |
During the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) side by side balance test subjects are asked to stand with their feet together and balance for a maximum of 10 seconds. If they are unable to perform balance test, they receive a score of 0 seconds, maximum score is 10 seconds. A higher score indicates a better outcome. (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | seconds (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| Testosterone | 10 |
During the Tandem Balance section of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) subjects are asked to stand with their feet in a tandem stance (heel of one foot directly in front of the toes of the other foot) and balance for a maximum of 10 seconds. If they are unable to perform balance test, they receive a score of 0 seconds, maximum score is 10 seconds. A higher score indicates a better outcome. (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: 10 Weeks
| Intervention | seconds (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| Testosterone | 2.6 |
During the Tandem Balance section of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) subjects are asked to stand with their feet in a tandem stance (heel of one foot directly in front of the toes of the other foot) and balance for a maximum of 10 seconds. If they are unable to perform balance test, they receive a score of 0 seconds, maximum score is 10 seconds. A higher score indicates a better outcome. (NCT02679274)
Timeframe: baseline
| Intervention | seconds (Number) |
|---|---|
| Placebo | 0 |
| Testosterone | 0 |
The objective of the study was to determine the single day serum pharmacokinetic profile for two oral formulations of T-esters (one TE and one TU formulation) administered once- and twice-daily to hypogonadal men. (NCT02697188)
Timeframe: 24 hours post-dose in each period
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TE Period 1 400 mg QD | TU Period 2 200 mg QD | TU Period 3 100 mg BID | TU Period 4 200 mg BID | TE Period 5 400 mg BID | |
| Testosterone Enanthate and Testosterone Undecanoate | 140 | 122 | 97.9 | 114 | 127 |
The objective of the study was to determine the single day serum pharmacokinetic profile for two oral formulations of T-esters (one TE and one TU formulation) administered once- and twice-daily to hypogonadal men. (NCT02697188)
Timeframe: Concentrations at -0.5, 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 13, 14, 16, 20, 24 and 34 hours post dose
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TE Period 1 400 mg QD | TU Period 2 200 mg QD | TU Period 3 100 mg BID | TU Period 4 200 mg BID | TE Period 5 400 mg BID | |
| Testosterone Enanthate and Testosterone Undecanoate | 293 | 246 | 281 | 385 | 316 |
Compare the Oral TU-treated subjects and the Topical Axiron®-treated subjects with respect to number of subjects in the cosyntropin stimulation test substudy with a normal maximum post-stimulation (cosyntropin stimulation) cortisol level at Visit 8. (NCT02722278)
Timeframe: Approximately 4.5 months
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral TU Cosyntropin Substudy Subjects | 19 |
| Axiron Cosyntropin Substudy Subjects | 8 |
(NCT02722278)
Timeframe: Day 105
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Oral Testosterone Undecanoate | 145 |
| Axiron Testosterone Topical Solution | 48 |
Height was measured using a stadiometer. Weight was measured using a calibrated digital scale. Body composition was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. These data were used to calculate fat-free body mass, fat mass, and total body tissue mass. (NCT02734238)
Timeframe: end of each study phase: Day 11 for Phase 1, Day 39 for Phase 2, up to Day 85 for Phase 3
| Intervention | kilograms (Least Squares Mean) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Body Mass at end of Phase 1 | Total Body Mass at end of Phase 2 | Total Body Mass at end of Phase 3 | Fat-free Mass at end of Phase 1 | Fat-free Mass at end of Phase 2 | Fat-free Mass at end of Phase 3 | Fat Mass at end of Phase 1 | Fat Mass at end of Phase 2 | Fat Mass at end of Phase 3 | |
| Energy Deficit | 78.3 | 73.3 | 76.5 | 58.3 | 58.0 | 60.5 | 16.8 | 12.2 | 12.8 |
| Energy Deficit + Testosterone | 78.0 | 75.8 | 79.3 | 57.9 | 60.4 | 63.1 | 16.8 | 12.0 | 12.8 |
Intended users were patients experiencing an adverse event that was considered to be a TEAE if the adverse event started on or after randomization, or existed prior to randomization and worsened in severity or relatedness to QST (QuickShot® Testosterone auto-injector) after randomization. (NCT02777242)
Timeframe: 3 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with any TEAE | Patients with any TEAE related to QST | Patients with SAE | Patients with TEAE leading to discontinuation | Patients with QST related TEAE and discontinuation | |
| Testosterone Enanthate Auto-injector | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
The time weighted average of total testosterone concentration will be assessed for each dosing interval. (NCT02921386)
Timeframe: 12 hours
| Intervention | ng/dL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Breakfast A - Fasting | 160.0 |
| Breakfast B - 15 g Fat | 203.7 |
| Breakfast C - 30 g Fat | 275.1 |
| Breakfast D - 45 g Fat | 285.1 |
| Breakfast E - High Fat | 267.3 |
The 12 hours following morning dose area under the curve (AUC) will assessed for each sequence of breakfasts with varying fat content. (NCT02921386)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng*hr/dL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Breakfast A - Fasting | 1905 |
| Breakfast B - 15 g Fat | 2428 |
| Breakfast C - 30 g Fat | 3279 |
| Breakfast D - 45 g Fat | 3395 |
| Breakfast E - High Fat | 3187 |
Peak Concentration after morning dose (Cmax) for oral testosterone undecanoate taken after a fasting breakfast of varying fat content. (NCT02921386)
Timeframe: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose
| Intervention | ng/dL (Geometric Mean) |
|---|---|
| Breakfast A - Fasting | 250.7 |
| Breakfast B - 15 g Fat | 334.7 |
| Breakfast C - 30 g Fat | 529.7 |
| Breakfast D - 45 g Fat | 506.0 |
| Breakfast E - High Fat | 463.4 |
The time of peak concentration (Tmax-am) will be assessed within each relevant dosing interval. (NCT02921386)
Timeframe: 12 hours
| Intervention | hours (Median) |
|---|---|
| Breakfast A - Fasting | 4.000 |
| Breakfast B - 15 g Fat | 2.000 |
| Breakfast C - 30 g Fat | 2.000 |
| Breakfast D - 45 g Fat | 2.000 |
| Breakfast E - High Fat | 2.000 |
The primary objective of this study is to measure patient satisfaction with testosterone replacement therapy before, during and after treatment with NATESTO. Patient satisfaction with treatment will be measured by TSQM (Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication) Version 9, a 9-item validated instrument. TSQM domains include - Effectiveness, Convenience, Global Satisfaction. The score for each domain is converted into a scale out of 100. Higher values imply a better outcome. (NCT02937740)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months for BID, 4 months for TID
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Effectiveness Domain Change from Baseline | Convenience Domain Change from Baseline | Global Satisfaction Domain Change from Baseline | |
| Natesto Testosterone Intranasal Gel Given BID | 9.6 | 18.9 | -0.6 |
| Natesto Testosterone Intranasal Gel Given TID | 21.5 | 21.9 | 13.3 |
Change in hypogonadism symptoms from baseline as measured by qADAM, a 10 point validated instrument. qADAM is a 10-item, patient-reported outcome measure used to evaluate the symptom severity of hypogonadism. Responses can range from 1 to 5 per question allowing for a minimum to maximum score range of 10 to 50. Higher values imply a better outcome. (NCT02937740)
Timeframe: Baseline and 3 months for BID, 4 months for TID
| Intervention | Units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Non-naive Patients - BID Treatment | 4.8 |
| Naive Patients - BID Treatment | 12.0 |
| Non-naive Patients - TID Treatment | 3.9 |
| Naive Patients - TID Treatment | 6.8 |
Blood samples measured by Beckman assays and equipment. (NCT03091348)
Timeframe: "Visit 2, Visit 3, Visit 4, Visit 5, Visit 6 and Visit 7"
| Intervention | ng/dl (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| visit 2 | visit 3 | visit 4 | vist 5 | visit 6 | visit 7 | |
| "IM" | 1043.6 | 785.7 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| "SQ" | NA | NA | 203.5 | 1367.9 | 980.8 | 144.7 |
Blood samples measured by Beckman assays and equipment. (NCT03091348)
Timeframe: "Visit 2, Visit 3, Visit 4, Visit 5, Visit 6 and Visit 7"
| Intervention | nmol/l (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| visit 2 | visit 3 | visit 4 | visit 5 | visit 6 | visit 7 | |
| "IM" | 25.5 | 22 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| "SQ" | NA | NA | 27.8 | 24.8 | 22.9 | 20.7 |
Blood samples measured by Beckman assays and equipment. (NCT03091348)
Timeframe: "Visit 2, Visit 3, Visit 4, Visit 5, Visit 6 and Visit 7"
| Intervention | miu/ml (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| visit 2 | visit 3 | visit 4 | visit 5 | visit 6 | visit 7 | |
| "IM" | 0.4 | 0.3 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| "SQ" | NA | NA | 0.2 | 0.04 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
Blood samples measured by Beckman assays and equipment. (NCT03091348)
Timeframe: "Visit 2, Visit 3, Visit 4, Visit 5, Visit 6 and Visit 7"
| Intervention | miu/ml (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| visit 2 | visit 3 | visit 4 | visit 5 | visit 6 | visit 7 | |
| "IM" | 1.3 | 0.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| "SQ" | NA | NA | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.3 |
Blood samples measured by Beckman assays and equipment. (NCT03091348)
Timeframe: "Visit 2, Visit 3, Visit 4, Visit 5, Visit 6 and Visit 7"
| Intervention | pg/mL (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| visit 2 | visit 3 | visit 4 | visit 5 | visit 6 | visit 7 | |
| "IM" | 70.03 | 52.00 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| "SQ" | NA | NA | 30.06 | 45.12 | 64.74 | 25.99 |
Blood samples measured by Quest assays and equipment. (NCT03091348)
Timeframe: "Last visit (Visit 7)"
| Intervention | g/dL (Number) |
|---|---|
| "SQ" | NA |
| "IM" | 1.9 |
Blood samples measured by Beckman assays and equipment. (NCT03091348)
Timeframe: "Last visit ( Visit 7)"
| Intervention | ng/dL (Number) |
|---|---|
| "SQ" | 0.84 |
| "IM" | 14.74 |
Blood samples measured by Beckman assays and equipment. (NCT03091348)
Timeframe: "Last visit (Visit 7)"
| Intervention | ng/mL (Number) |
|---|---|
| "SQ" | 0.25 |
| "IM" | 0.02 |
(NCT03123913)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
| Intervention | mIU/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Combination Therapy | -3.48 |
(NCT03123913)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Combination Therapy | 8.26 |
(NCT03123913)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
| Intervention | uIU/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Combination Therapy | 0.37 |
(NCT03123913)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
| Intervention | Kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Combination Therapy | 2.21 |
(NCT03123913)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Combination Therapy | 17.42 |
(NCT03123913)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
| Intervention | mIU/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Combination Therapy | -3.29 |
AEs were collected through patient report, interval laboratory studies, resting echocardiograms, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) studies, and physical examinations. (NCT03123913)
Timeframe: 36 weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Combination Therapy | 14 |
(NCT03123913)
Timeframe: Baseline to 24 weeks
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Combination Therapy | 89.79 |
The number of participants with an increase of at least 1 point from their SF-36 QOL scores from baseline will be reported. Short Form-36 (SF-36) Quality of Life (QOL) questionnaire has a proprietary scoring system that ranges from 1-5 and each domain is individually assessed (NCT03203681)
Timeframe: 27 Weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Natesto | 32 |
Estradiol levels measured in pg/mL analyzed from peripheral venous puncture blood draw (NCT03203681)
Timeframe: Baseline, 27 Weeks
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Natesto | 21.6 |
Sperm count measured in million sperm/mL analyzed from semen sample (NCT03203681)
Timeframe: Baseline, 27 Weeks
| Intervention | million sperm/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Natesto | 33.9 |
Testosterone levels measured in ng/dL analyzed from peripheral venous puncture blood draw (NCT03203681)
Timeframe: Baseline, 27 Weeks
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Natesto | 652 |
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) levels, both measured in mIU/mL analyzed from peripheral venous puncture blood draw (NCT03203681)
Timeframe: Baseline, 27 Weeks
| Intervention | mIU/mL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone | Luteinizing Hormone | |
| Natesto | 3.0 | 2.6 |
Incidence of adverse events as assessed per treating physician (NCT03203681)
Timeframe: 27 Weeks
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azoospermia | Severe Oligospermia | Nasal irritation | sinusitis | epistaxis | |
| Natesto | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
Safety Set; Proportion of LPCN 1021-treated subjects who achieve a total testosterone average concentration [Cavg] in the normal range (NCT03242408)
Timeframe: Following 24 days of treatment
| Intervention | Percent of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Oral Testosterone Undecanoate, LPCN 1021 | 69 |
The primary efficacy endpoint and analysis for this study was the percentage of LPCN 1021 treated subjects who had achieved a 24-hour average serum T concentration within the normal range of 300 to 1080 ng/dL at Visit 4, (Day 24 ± 4 days). (NCT03242590)
Timeframe: Following 24 days of treatment
| Intervention | Percent of participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Oral Testosterone Undecanoate, LPCN 1021 | 80 |
Per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 guidelines, a radiographic response (as determined on CT or MRI) will be defined as: Complete Response (CR), Disappearance of all target lesions; Partial Response (PR), >=30% decrease in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions; Overall Response (OR) = CR + PR. (NCT03516812)
Timeframe: Up to 2 years
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Treatment (Olaparib, Testosterone Enanthate or Cypionate) | 8 |
PSA response will be defined as a decline in PSA ≥ 50% compared to baseline in patients who received at least 12 weeks of treatment. Will be calculated as the percentage with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the total number of subjects that achieved a PSA response. (NCT03516812)
Timeframe: Median time to PSA50 response was 22 weeks.
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Treatment (Olaparib, Testosterone Enanthate or Cypionate) | 14 |
Number of participants that experience adverse events grade ≥ 3, as defined by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). (NCT03554317)
Timeframe: 2 years
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Bipolar Androgen Therapy + Nivolumab | 5 |
Number of months from the time of initiation on Bipolar Androgen Therapy + Nivolumab therapy until PSA increase of 25% over a nadir value, confirmed by a follow-up PSA at least 4 weeks apart. (NCT03554317)
Timeframe: 2 years
| Intervention | months (Number) |
|---|---|
| Bipolar Androgen Therapy + Nivolumab | 4.0 |
Percentage of patients achieving a complete or partial response in target lesions as defined by RECIST 1.1 Criteria. (NCT03554317)
Timeframe: 2 years
| Intervention | percentage of overall participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| Bipolar Androgen Therapy + Nivolumab | 18 |
Number of participants with PSA response to Bipolar Androgen Therapy + Nivolumab. PSA response is counted for participants with ≥ 50% decline in PSA from baseline. (NCT03554317)
Timeframe: 2 years
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Bipolar Androgen Therapy + Nivolumab | 18 |
Number of participants without clinical/radiographic progression for > 6 months from the start of treatment. (NCT03554317)
Timeframe: 2 years
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Bipolar Androgen Therapy + Nivolumab | 15 |
Median number of months from the time of the first dose to objective radiographic tumor progression or death, whichever comes first, as defined by RECIST 1.1 Criteria for progressive disease or death. (NCT03554317)
Timeframe: 2 years
| Intervention | months (Median) |
|---|---|
| Bipolar Androgen Therapy + Nivolumab | 5.6 |
Median number of months from study enrollment to death from any cause up to 2 years after the last dose of study treatment received. (NCT03554317)
Timeframe: 3 years
| Intervention | months (Median) |
|---|---|
| Bipolar Androgen Therapy + Nivolumab | 24.4 |
Change in average nighttime pulse rate as measured by ABPM from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | bpm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 0.44 |
Change in average 24-hour DBP as measured by ABPM from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 1.2 |
Change in average 24-hour pulse rate as measured by ABPM from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | bpm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 2.0 |
Change in average 24-hour SBP as measured by ABPM in subjects with a baseline SBP >140mmHg from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | -3.0 |
Change in average 24-hour SBP in subjects with a high cardiovascular risk based on their Framingham Risk Score (FRS≥24) from Visit 3 (Baseline) to Visit 5 (End of Study); Risk Level: Low: 0
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | -1.8 |
Change in average 24-hour SBP in subjects with a low cardiovascular risk based on their Framingham Risk Score (0
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 2.6 |
Change in average 24-hour SBP in subjects with a moderate cardiovascular risk based on their Framingham Risk Score (11≤FRS<24) from Visit 3 (Baseline) to Visit 5 (End of Study); Risk Level: Low: 0
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 4.8 |
Change in average daytime DBP as measured by ABPM from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 1.7 |
Change in average daytime pulse rate as measured by ABPM from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | bpm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 2.6 |
Change in average daytime SBP as measured by ABPM from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 5.2 |
Change in average nighttime DBP as measured by ABPM from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 1.7 |
Change in average nighttime SBP as measured by ABPM from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 4.3 |
Change in patient reported sexual desire from visit 3 to Visit 5 Psychosexual Daily Questionnaire Possible scores range from 0 (worse) to 5 (better) (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 1.2 |
Percent Relative Change in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Proton Density Fat Fraction (MRI-PDFF) from Baseline (MRI-1) to Post-Treatment Analysis (MRI-3) in subjects with a baseline MRI-PDFF of ≥5% (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline (MRI-1) to Post-Treatment Analysis (MRI-3) (Approximately 16 Weeks)
| Intervention | % Relative Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | -33.4 |
Change in average systolic blood pressure as measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) from Visit 3 (Baseline) to Visit 5 (End of Study) (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to end of study (approximately 4 months).
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 3.8 |
Change in Hematocrit (%) from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to end of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | percentage of hematocrit (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 3.2 |
Change in Hemoglobin from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | g/dL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 0.87 |
Change in morning diastolic blood pressure measured in triplicate at the clinic from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 1.6 |
Change in morning pulse rate measured in triplicate at the clinic from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | bpm (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 2.0 |
Change in morning systolic blood pressure measured in triplicate at the clinic from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 4.8 |
Change in systolic blood pressure dip, as defined as the difference between daytime mean systolic blood pressure and nighttime mean systolic blood pressure, from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | mmHg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 0.5 |
Change in patient reported sexual distress from visit 3 to Visit 5 Female Sexual Distress Scale - Revised, Item 13 Possible scores range from 0 (better) to 4 (worse) (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | -0.3 |
Number of participants who had to start a new hypertensive medication or increase their hypertensive medication dose from Visit 3 to Visit 5 (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline to End of Study (approximately 4 months)
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | 2 |
Percent Relative Change in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Proton Density Fat Fraction (MRI-PDFF) from Baseline (MRI-1) to Interim Analysis (MRI-2) in subjects with a baseline MRI-PDFF of ≥10% (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline (MRI-1) to Interim Analysis (MRI-2) (Approximately 8 Weeks)
| Intervention | % Relative Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | -38.5 |
Percent Relative Change in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Proton Density Fat Fraction (MRI-PDFF) from Baseline (MRI-1) to Interim Analysis (MRI-2) in subjects with a baseline MRI-PDFF of ≥5% (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline (MRI-1) to Interim Analysis (MRI-2) (Approximately 8 Weeks)
| Intervention | % Relative Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | -13.5 |
Percent Relative Change in Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Proton Density Fat Fraction (MRI-PDFF) from Baseline (MRI-1) to Post-Treatment Analysis (MRI-3) in subjects with a baseline MRI-PDFF of ≥10% (NCT03868059)
Timeframe: Baseline (MRI-1) to Post-Treatment Analysis (MRI-3) (Approximately 16 Weeks)
| Intervention | % Relative Change (Mean) |
|---|---|
| LPCN 1021 | -39.7 |
Lower-body peak power was assessed near the end of each phase using a vertical jump test. (NCT04120363)
Timeframe: Day 4 (Phase 1), Day 25 (Phase 2), Day 46 (Phase 3)
| Intervention | cm (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Vertical Jump Height, Phase 1 | Vertical Jump Height, Phase 2 | Vertical Jump Height, Phase 3 | |
| Placebo | 53.6 | 50.0 | 50.5 |
| Testosterone | 54.5 | 49.1 | 54.0 |
A 3-repetition maximum deadlift assessed muscular strength, endurance, and explosive power near the end of each study phase. (NCT04120363)
Timeframe: Day 4 (Phase 1), Day 25 (Phase 2), Day 46 (Phase 3)
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Mass Lifted, Phase 1 | Total Mass Lifted, Phase 2 | Total Mass Lifted, Phase 3 | |
| Placebo | 127.9 | 119.0 | 129.8 |
| Testosterone | 127.4 | 122.7 | 126.7 |
Peak aerobic capacity was measured via treadmill VO2peak near the end of each study phase. (NCT04120363)
Timeframe: Day 4 (Phase 1), Day 25 (Phase 2), Day 46 (Phase 3)
| Intervention | L/min (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| VO2peak, absolute, Phase 1 | VO2peak, absolute, Phase 2 | VO2peak, absolute, Phase 3 | |
| Placebo | 3.28 | 3.20 | 3.44 |
| Testosterone | 3.22 | 3.13 | 3.29 |
A load carriage time trial (a militarily relevant aerobic performance assessment) was conducted near the end of each study phase to assess aerobic performance. (NCT04120363)
Timeframe: Day 5 (Phase 1), Day 26 (Phase 2), Day 47 (Phase 3)
| Intervention | min (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.5 mile time, Phase 1 | 2.5 mile time, Phase 2 | 2.5 mile time, Phase 3 | |
| Placebo | 41.58 | 47.15 | 39.34 |
| Testosterone | 45.21 | 50.95 | 44.31 |
A four-compartment (4C) model factoring in body mass, body volume, total body water, and bone mineral content was used to calculate fat-free body mass and fat mass at the end of each study phase. (NCT04120363)
Timeframe: Day 7 (Phase 1), Day 28 (Phase 2), Day 49 (Phase 3)
| Intervention | kg (Least Squares Mean) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fat-free Mass at end of Phase 1 | Fat-free Mass at end of Phase 2 | Fat-free Mass at end of Phase 3 | Fat Mass at end of Phase 1 | Fat Mass at end of Phase 2 | Fat Mass at end of Phase 3 | |
| Placebo | 59.8 | 57.9 | 59.6 | 17.5 | 14.4 | 15.5 |
| Testosterone | 59.2 | 59.6 | 59.5 | 17.3 | 13.0 | 15.1 |
Anaerobic capacity was assessed using a Wingate anaerobic cycle test near the end of each study phase. (NCT04120363)
Timeframe: Day 4 (Phase 1), Day 25 (Phase 2), Day 46 (Phase 3)
| Intervention | W (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Wingate peak power, absolute, Phase 1 | Wingate peak power, absolute, Phase 2 | Wingate peak power, absolute, Phase 3 | |
| Placebo | 837.8 | 736.0 | 790.8 |
| Testosterone | 879.4 | 753.8 | 821.8 |
Relative change in appendicular lean muscle mass measured by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) in LPCN 1144 treated subjects compared to Placebo. Data were last observation carried forward. (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline and 36 weeks
| Intervention | Percentage change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment A | 2.75 |
| Treatment B | 1.90 |
| Treatment C | -1.42 |
Paired biopsies are randomly assigned A or B and are scored by a blinded pathologist as better, worse or same for change in fibrosis, steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning. Improvement in NASH requires no worsening of fibrosis, an improvement in ballooning or inflammation, and no worsening of ballooning or inflammation. Assessment of better or same is considered as no worsening. (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 36
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Treatment A | 9 |
| Treatment B | 8 |
| Treatment C | 2 |
Improvement in Fibrosis is defined as improvement in parenchymal tissue normalized phenotypic fibrosis composite value compared to baseline. FibroNest is an image analysis system for the assessment of the severity and progression of fibrosis in NASH, produced by PharmaNest LLC. (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 36
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Treatment A | 12 |
| Treatment B | 6 |
| Treatment C | 5 |
Paired biopsies are randomly assigned A or B and are scored by a blinded pathologist as better, worse or same for change in fibrosis, steatosis, inflammation, and ballooning. Improvement in fibrosis requires a better score in fibrosis and no worsening of ballooning or inflammation. Assessment of better or same is considered as no worsening. (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline to week 36
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Treatment A | 6 |
| Treatment B | 8 |
| Treatment C | 3 |
These data are based on the NASH-CRN histology scoring system. The range of scores are as follows (with higher scores equating to a more pathological feature): Steatosis 0-3, inflammation 0-3, ballooning 0-2, and fibrosis stage 0-4. Improvement in liver fibrosis was defined as an improvement in fibrosis greater than or equal to one stage using the NASH CRN fibrosis score with no worsening of ballooning, inflammation, or steatosis. (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 36
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Treatment A | 4 |
| Treatment B | 2 |
| Treatment C | 6 |
Relative change in whole body fat mass measured by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) in LPCN 1144 treated subjects compared to Placebo. Data were last observation carried forward. (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 36
| Intervention | Percentage change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment A | -3.68 |
| Treatment B | -7.33 |
| Treatment C | 1.78 |
These data are based on the NASH-CRN histology scoring system. The range of scores are as follows (with higher scores equating to a more pathological feature): Steatosis 0-3, inflammation 0-3, ballooning 0-2, fibrosis state 0-4, and NAS 0-8. (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 36
| Intervention | NAS score (Least Squares Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Hepatocyte ballooning score | Lobular inflammation score | Steatosis score | |
| Treatment A | -0.7 | -0.2 | -0.9 |
| Treatment B | -0.9 | -0.5 | -1.2 |
| Treatment C | -0.2 | -0.1 | -0.1 |
Resolution of NASH is defined as NAS score of 0-1 for inflammation, 0 for ballooning, and any value for steatosis. These data are based on the NASH-CRN histology scoring system. The range of scores are as follows (with higher scores equating to a more pathological feature): Steatosis 0-3, inflammation 0-3, ballooning 0-2, fibrosis state 0-4, and NAS 0-8. No worsening was defined as a score in fibrosis equal to, or lower, than baseline. (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 36
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Treatment A | 6 |
| Treatment B | 9 |
| Treatment C | 0 |
Resolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is defined as the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (NAS) score of 0-1 for inflammation, 0 for ballooning, and any value for steatosis. These data are based on the NASH-clinical research network (CRN) histology scoring system. The range of scores are as follows (with higher scores equating to a more pathological feature): Steatosis 0-3, inflammation 0-3, ballooning 0-2, fibrosis state 0-4, and NAS 0-8. (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 36
| Intervention | Participants (Count of Participants) |
|---|---|
| Treatment A | 7 |
| Treatment B | 9 |
| Treatment C | 1 |
The change in magnetic resonance imaging derived proton fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) from baseline to week 12 in LPCN 1144 treated subjects and subjects given placebo. (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 12
| Intervention | Percentage of liver fat (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment A | -7.68 |
| Treatment B | -9.17 |
| Treatment C | -1.54 |
Lipid profile parameters included total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides. (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 36
| Intervention | mg/dL (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Cholesterol | LDL | HDL | Triglycerides | |
| Treatment A | -1.7 | 1.8 | -3.3 | -11.5 |
| Treatment B | 7.3 | 8.7 | -2.0 | -3.9 |
| Treatment C | 1.1 | -6.0 | -0.0 | 67.3 |
Requirement for inclusion in analysis was having a baseline hepatic fat fraction ≥ 5% based on MRI-PDFF. (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 12
| Intervention | Percentage change (Least Squares Mean) |
|---|---|
| Treatment A | -39.94 |
| Treatment B | -46.84 |
| Treatment C | -9.34 |
Liver enzymes analyzed were aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (NCT04134091)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 36
| Intervention | U/L (Least Squares Mean) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspartate transaminase (AST) | Alanine transaminase (ALT) | Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) | Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) | |
| Treatment A | -8.0 | -11.4 | -6.1 | -2.9 |
| Treatment B | -12.0 | -22.9 | -8.5 | -13.4 |
| Treatment C | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
Change in serum hormone levels including Testosterone, 17-Hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) assessed in ng/dL. (NCT04439799)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 months
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Testosterone | 17-OHP | |
| Natesto Group | 283 | -8.8 |
| Testosterone Cypionate Group | 511 | -39.8 |
The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)-6 is a 6-item subdomain self-evaluation questionnaire of erectile function. Each item is scored from 0-5 with the total score ranging from 0-30 with the higher score indicating better erectile function. (NCT04439799)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Cypionate Group | 4.8 |
| Natesto Group | 0.2 |
Change in serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels will be assessed in ng/mL. (NCT04439799)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 months
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Cypionate Group | 0.6 |
| Natesto Group | 0.05 |
Changes in serum Hematocrit levels will be assessed in percentage (NCT04439799)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 months
| Intervention | percentage of hematocrit (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Cypionate Group | 3.0 |
| Natesto Group | -0.6 |
Change in serum estradiol levels will be assessed in pg/mL. (NCT04439799)
Timeframe: Baseline to 4 months
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Testosterone Cypionate Group | 22.9 |
| Natesto Group | 1.1 |
Changes in serum Testosterone levels are assessed in ng/dL (NCT04523480)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months
| Intervention | ng/dL (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 2 | Month 4 | Month 6 | |
| Compounded Testosterone Pellets 100mg Group | 202.3 | 696.5 | 277 | 241 |
| Testopel 75mg Group | 219.5 | 543 | 290 | 209 |
Change in serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels are assessed in ng/mL. (NCT04523480)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months
| Intervention | ng/mL (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 2 | Month 4 | Month 6 | |
| Compounded Testosterone Pellets 100mg Group | 0.4 | 0.75 | 0.65 | 0.5 |
| Testopel 75mg Group | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1 | 0.8 |
Changes in serum Hct levels are assessed in %. (NCT04523480)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months
| Intervention | hematocrit percentage (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 2 | Month 4 | Month 6 | |
| Compounded Testosterone Pellets 100mg Group | 42.8 | 46.7 | 45.8 | 43 |
| Testopel 75mg Group | 43.7 | 46.1 | 45.9 | 46 |
Change in serum estradiol levels are assessed in pg/mL. (NCT04523480)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months
| Intervention | pg/mL (Median) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 2 | Month 4 | Month 6 | |
| Compounded Testosterone Pellets 100mg Group | 20.6 | 42.7 | 18.4 | 18.8 |
| Testopel 75mg Group | 18.2 | 29.1 | 13.7 | 14.3 |
Serum estradiol levels measured in pg/mL analyzed from peripheral venous puncture blood draw. (NCT04983940)
Timeframe: Up to 6 months
| Intervention | pg/mL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Jatenzo Arm | 14.4 | 21.6 | 21.2 |
Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels measured in ng/mL analyzed from peripheral venous puncture blood draw. (NCT04983940)
Timeframe: Up to 6 months
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Jatenzo Arm | 1.06 | 1.14 | 0.95 |
Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM-9) has three domains (Global, Convenience, and Effectiveness), each with a total score ranging from 0 to 100 with the higher score indicating higher patient satisfaction. (NCT04983940)
Timeframe: Up to 6 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Jatenzo Arm | 66.7 | 83.1 | 83.7 |
Quantitative Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (qADAM) has a total score ranges between 10 (most symptomatic) and 50 (least symptomatic). (NCT04983940)
Timeframe: Up to 6 months
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Jatenzo Arm | 36.6 | 34.4 | 35.5 |
Hematocrit levels measured as a percentage analyzed from peripheral venous puncture blood draw. (NCT04983940)
Timeframe: Up to 6 months
| Intervention | percentage of hematocrit (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Jatenzo Arm | 44.9 | 45 | 45.2 |
Serum testosterone levels measured in ng/dL analyzed from peripheral venous puncture blood draw (NCT04983940)
Timeframe: Up to 6 months
| Intervention | ng/dL (Mean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Month 3 | Month 6 | |
| Jatenzo Arm | 200.3 | 486.8 | 649.3 |
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia | |
| adenine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| allantoin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary |
| quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
| betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative | fundamental metabolite |
| carnitine [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | tricarboxylic acid | antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid | antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite |
| creatine [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 7.42 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| glycine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| hydroquinone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenediol; hydroquinones | antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclitol; hexol | |
| melatonin [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
| niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3 | antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| phenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids | allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin |
| pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines | antitubercular agent; prodrug |
| pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate | coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 2.81 | 3 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| catechin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyflavan | |
| menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid | fluorescent probe |
| homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite. | 3.36 | 1 | 1 | guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| phenytoin [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic amine | EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor |
| acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent |
| acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | acetamides; phenols | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor |
| albendazole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester | anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound | bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor |
| alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent |
| alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| altretamine Altretamine: A hexamethyl-2,4,6-triamine derivative of 1,3,5-triazine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | triamino-1,3,5-triazine | |
| amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine | analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| ambroxol Ambroxol: A metabolite of BROMHEXINE that stimulates mucociliary action and clears the air passages in the respiratory tract. It is usually administered as the hydrochloride. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| amifostine anhydrous Amifostine: A phosphorothioate proposed as a radiation-protective agent. It causes splenic vasodilation and may block autonomic ganglia.. amifostine : An organic thiophosphate that is the S-phospho derivative of 2-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol. A prodrug for the free thiol, WR-1065, which is used as a cytoprotectant in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | diamine; organic thiophosphate | antioxidant; prodrug; radiation protective agent |
| aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline | adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; one-carbon compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor |
| theophylline [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound | cardiovascular drug |
| amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| amlexanox amlexanox: SRA-A antagonist;structure given in first source. amlexanox : A pyridochromene-derived monocarboxylic acid having an amino substituent at the 2-position, an oxo substituent at the 5-position and an isopropyl substituent at the 7-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; pyridochromene | anti-allergic agent; anti-ulcer drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| amobarbital Amobarbital: A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565). amobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by a 3-methylbutyl and an ethyl group at position 5. Amobarbital has been shown to exhibit sedative and hypnotic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| amoxapine Amoxapine: The N-demethylated derivative of the antipsychotic agent LOXAPINE that works by blocking the reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, or both; it also blocks dopamine receptors. Amoxapine is used for the treatment of depression.. amoxapine : A dibenzooxazepine compound having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 11-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dibenzooxazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; dopaminergic antagonist; geroprotector; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| anastrozole [no description available] | 6.28 | 4 | 2 | nitrile; triazoles | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor |
| anethole trithione Anethole Trithione: Choleretic used to allay dry mouth and constipation due to tranquilizers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes | |
| anthralin Anthralin: An anthracene derivative that disrupts MITOCHONDRIA function and structure and is used for the treatment of DERMATOSES, especially PSORIASIS. It may cause FOLLICULITIS.. anthralin : An anthracene compound derived by the substitution of -OH groups for hydrogen at C-1 and C-8, and with an oxo group at C-9. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anthracenes | antipsoriatic |
| apraclonidine apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; guanidines; imidazolines | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; diagnostic agent; ophthalmology drug |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; piperidines | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic |
| azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| azelaic acid nonanedioic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; plant metabolite |
| azelastine azelastine: azeptin is azelastine hydrochloride; structure; eye drop formulation effective in relieving symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis; do not confuse with 5-loxin which is an extract of Boswellia. azelastine : A phthalazine compound having an oxo substituent at the 1-position, a 1-methylazepan-4-yl group at the 2-position and a 4-chlorobenzyl substituent at the 4-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phthalazines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| baclofen [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant |
| barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | drug allergen |
| bendazac bendazac : A monocarboxylic acid that is glycolic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the 2-hydroxy group is replaced by a 1-benzyl-1H-indazol-3-yl group. Although it has anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, choleretic and antilipidaemic properties and has been used for the treatment of various inflammatory skin disorders, its principal effect is to inhibit the denaturation of proteins. Its lysine salt is used in the management of cataracts. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indazoles; monocarboxylic acid | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger |
| benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone | uricosuric drug |
| bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidines; tertiary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| betaxolol [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | propanolamine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism. | 2.74 | 3 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol | |
| bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls; imidazoles | |
| bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| brimonidine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles; quinoxaline derivative; secondary amine | adrenergic agonist; alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent |
| bromisovalum Bromisovalum: A sedative and mild hypnotic with potentially toxic effects.. bromisoval : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-bromisoval. It was previously used for its hypnotic and sedative properties but the use of bromides is now deprecated due to the possibility of the toxic accumulation of bromine in the body.. 2-bromo-N-carbamoyl-3-methylbutanamide : An N-acylurea that is urea in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by a 2-bromo-3-methybutanoyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acylurea; organobromine compound | |
| brotizolam brotizolam: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| bumetanide [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide | diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor |
| bupivacaine Bupivacaine: A widely used local anesthetic agent.. 1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide : A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. bupivacaine : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of dextrobupivacaine and levobupivacaine. Used (in the form of its hydrochloride hydrate) as a local anaesthetic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; piperidinecarboxamide; tertiary amino compound | |
| buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines | anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist |
| busulfan [no description available] | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; insect sterilant; teratogenic agent |
| butalbital butalbital: management of butalbital withdrawal can be simplified by using a phenobarbital-loading protocol; RN given refers to parent cpd. butalbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is barbituric acid in which the hydrogens at position 5 are substituted by an allyl group and an isobutyl group. Frequently combined with other medicines, such as aspirin, paracetamol and codeine, it is used for treatment of pain and headache. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | analgesic; sedative |
| butenafine butenafine: studied on experimental dermatophytosis. butenafine : Trimethylamine in which hydrogen atoms attached to different methyl groups are substituted by 1-naphthyl and 4-tert-butylphenyl groups. It is an inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, an enzyme responsible for the creation of sterols needed in fungal cell membranes, and is used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of dermatological fungal infections. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes; tertiary amine | antifungal drug; EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor |
| caffeine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| candesartan cilexetil candesartan cilexetil: a prodrug which is metabolized to an active form candesartan to exert its biological effects | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; ureas | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic |
| carisoprodol Carisoprodol: A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant whose mechanism of action is not completely understood but may be related to its sedative actions. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1202). carisoprodol : A carbamate ester that is the mono-N-isopropyl derivative of meprobamate (which is a significant metabolite). Carisoprodol interrupts neuronal communication within the reticular formation and spinal cord, resulting in sedation and alteration in pain perception. It is used as a muscle relaxant in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester | muscle relaxant |
| carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| carprofen carprofen: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carprofen : Propanoic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens is substituted by a 6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is no longer used in human medicine but is still used for treatment of arthritis in elderly dogs. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbazoles; organochlorine compound | EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; photosensitizing agent |
| carteolol Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | quinolone; secondary alcohol | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| carvedilol [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| celecoxib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| cetirizine Cetirizine: A potent second-generation histamine H1 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, and pollen-induced asthma. Unlike many traditional antihistamines, it does not cause drowsiness or anticholinergic side effects.. cetirizine : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine in which the hydrogens attached to nitrogen are replaced by a (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl and a 2-(carboxymethoxy)ethyl group respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; piperazines | anti-allergic agent; environmental contaminant; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| chloral hydrate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound | general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic |
| chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| chlormezanone Chlormezanone: A non-benzodiazepine that is used in the management of anxiety. It has been suggested for use in the treatment of muscle spasm.. chlormezanone : A 1,3-thiazine that is 1,3-thiazinan-4-one S,S-dioxide in which a hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group and the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by methyl. A non-benzodiazepine muscle relaxant, it was used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasms until being discontinued worldwide by its manufacturer in 1996, due to rare but serious cutaneous reactions. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazine; lactam; monochlorobenzenes; sulfone | antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; muscle relaxant |
| chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug |
| chloroxylenol chloroxylenol: topical antiseptic; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is 3,5-xylenol which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine. It is bactericidal against most Gram-positive bacteria but less effective against Staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria, and often inactive against Pseudomonas species. It is ineffective against bacterial spores. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; molluscicide |
| chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidepressant; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic |
| chlorzoxazone Chlorzoxazone: A centrally acting central muscle relaxant with sedative properties. It is claimed to inhibit muscle spasm by exerting an effect primarily at the level of the spinal cord and subcortical areas of the brain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoea, 30th ed, p1202). chlorzoxazone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles that is 1,3-benzoxazol-2-ol in which the hydrogen atom at position 5 is substituted by chlorine. A centrally acting muscle relaxant with sedative properties, it is used for the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; heteroaryl hydroxy compound; organochlorine compound | muscle relaxant; sedative |
| ciclopirox [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cyclic hydroxamic acid; hydroxypyridone antifungal drug; pyridone | antibacterial agent; antiseborrheic |
| cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile | adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| cinoxacin Cinoxacin: Synthetic antimicrobial related to OXOLINIC ACID and NALIDIXIC ACID and used in URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS.. cinoxacin : A member of the class of cinnolines that is 6,7-methylenedioxycinnolin-4(1H)-one bearing an ethyl group at position 1 and a carboxylic acid group at position 3. An analogue of oxolinic acid, it has similar antibacterial actions. It was formerly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cinnolines; oxacycle; oxo carboxylic acid | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent |
| ciprofibrate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | antilipemic drug |
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzamides | |
| citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound | |
| clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent |
| clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator |
| clobazam Clobazam: A benzodiazepine derivative that is a long-acting GABA-A RECEPTOR agonist. It is used as an antiepileptic in the treatment of SEIZURES, including seizures associated with LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME. It is also used as an anxiolytic, for the short-term treatment of acute ANXIETY.. clobazam : 7-Chloro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-2,4(3H,5H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 1 is substituted by a methyl group, whilst that attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by a phenyl group. It is used for the short-term management of acute anxiety and as an adjunct in the treatment of epilepsy in association with other antiepileptics. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
| clofazimine Clofazimine: A fat-soluble riminophenazine dye used for the treatment of leprosy. It has been used investigationally in combination with other antimycobacterial drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infections in AIDS patients. Clofazimine also has a marked anti-inflammatory effect and is given to control the leprosy reaction, erythema nodosum leprosum. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p1619). clofazimine : 3-Isopropylimino-3,5-dihydro-phenazine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is substituted substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and that at position 2 is substituted by a (4-chlorophenyl)amino group. A dark red crystalline solid, clofazimine is an antimycobacterial and is one of the main drugs used for the treatment of multi-bacillary leprosy. However, it can cause red/brown discolouration of the skin, so other treatments are often preferred in light-skinned patients. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; phenazines | dye; leprostatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist |
| clomiphene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug |
| clotiazepam clotiazepam: was heading 1975-94 (see under AZEPINES 1978-90; was Y 6047 see under AZEPINES 1975-77); Y 6047 was see CLOTIAZEPAM 1978-94; use AZEPINES to search CLOTIAZEPAM 1975-94; thienodiazepine derivative with actions similar to those of benzodiazepines | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| clotrimazole [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cyclandelate Cyclandelate: A direct-acting SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxant used to dilate BLOOD VESSELS.. cyclandelate : The ester obtained by formal condensation of mandelic acid and 3,3,5-tricyclohexanol. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used to dilate blood vessels. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; secondary alcohol | vasodilator agent |
| cyclobenzaprine cyclobenzaprine: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lisseril is synonymous for HCl; structure. cyclobenzaprine : 5-Methylidene-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene in which one of the hydrogens of the methylidene group is substituted by a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl group. A centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, it is used as its hydrochloride salt in the symptomatic treatment of painful muscle spasm. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound | antidepressant; muscle relaxant; tranquilizing drug |
| cyproheptadine Cyproheptadine: A serotonin antagonist and a histamine H1 blocker used as antipruritic, appetite stimulant, antiallergic, and for the post-gastrectomy dumping syndrome, etc.. cyproheptadine : The product resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of position 5 of 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene with position 4 of 1-methylpiperidine resulting in the formation of a double bond between the two fragments. It is a sedating antihistamine with antimuscarinic and calcium-channel blocking actions. It is used (particularly as the hydrochloride sesquihydrate) for the relief of allergic conditions including rhinitis, conjunctivitis due to inhalant allergens and foods, urticaria and angioedema, and in pruritic skin disorders. Unlike other antihistamines, it is also a seratonin receptor antagonist, making it useful in conditions such as vascular headache and anorexia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; antipruritic drug; gastrointestinal drug; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| danthron danthron: structure. chrysazin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| dapsone [no description available] | 7.52 | 2 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfone | anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary amine | |
| eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid | trypanocidal drug |
| diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic |
| diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent |
| diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide | bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant |
| diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative |
| dipivefrin dipivefrin: used in treatment of both primary & open angle glaucoma; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. dipivefrin : The dipivalate ester of (+-)-epinephrine (racepinephrine). A pro-drug of epinephrine, the hydrochloride is used topically as eye drops to reduce intra-ocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; pivalate ester | adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; ophthalmology drug; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent |
| dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| disulfiram [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor |
| valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent |
| doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant |
| droperidol Droperidol: A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593). droperidol : An organofluorine compound that is haloperidol in which the hydroxy group has been eliminated with the introduction of a double bond in the piperidine ring, and the 4-chlorophenyl group has been replaced by a benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. It is used in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as fentanyl to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound | anaesthesia adjuvant; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | |
| enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | anaesthetic |
| enoxacin Enoxacin: A broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent that is structurally related to NALIDIXIC ACID.. enoxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine with an ethyl group at the 1 position, a carboxy group at the 3-position, an oxo sustituent at the 4-position, a fluoro substituent at the 5-position and a piperazin-1-yl group at the 7 position. An antibacterial, it is used in the treatment of urinary-tract infections and gonorrhoea. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; amino acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| estazolam Estazolam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, hypnotic, and muscle relaxant properties. It has been shown in some cases to be more potent than DIAZEPAM or NITRAZEPAM.. estazolam : A triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine having a phenyl group at position 6 and a chloro substituent at position 8. A short-acting benzodiazepine with general properties similar to diazepam, it is given by mouth as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | triazoles; triazolobenzodiazepine | anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator |
| ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic |
| ethoxzolamide Ethoxzolamide: A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used as diuretic and in glaucoma. It may cause hypokalemia.. ethoxzolamide : A sulfonamide that is 1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide which is substituted by an ethoxy group at position 6. A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it has been used in the treatment of glaucoma, and as a diuretic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzothiazoles; sulfonamide | antiglaucoma drug; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| etidronate Etidronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits ectopic calcification and slows down bone resorption and bone turnover.. etidronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is (ethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid) having a hydroxy substituent at the 1-position. It inhibits the formation, growth, and dissolution of hydroxyapatite crystals by chemisorption to calcium phosphate surfaces. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; chelator |
| etodolac Etodolac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic and anti-arthritic properties. It has been shown to be effective in the treatment of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; and in the alleviation of postoperative pain (PAIN, POSTOPERATIVE).. etodolac : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indol-1-yl moiety. A preferential inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, it is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, and for the alleviation of postoperative pain. Administered as the racemate, only the (S)-enantiomer is active. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| brl 42810 [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; acetate ester | antiviral drug; prodrug |
| felbamate Felbamate: A PEGylated phenylcarbamate derivative that acts as an antagonist of NMDA RECEPTORS. It is used as an anticonvulsant, primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES in severe refractory EPILEPSY.. felbamate : The bis(carbamate ester) of 2-phenylpropane-1,3-diol. An anticonvulsant, it is used in the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester | anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent |
| felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 4.06 | 3 | 1 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound | appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| fexofenadine fexofenadine: a second generation antihistamine; metabolite of the antihistaminic drug terfenadine; structure in first source; RN refers to HCl. fexofenadine : A piperidine-based anti-histamine compound. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist |
| flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| flucytosine Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine antifungal drug; pyrimidone | prodrug |
| flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| fluphenazine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound | antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist |
| flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes | anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative |
| fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | |
| fluphenazine depot fluphenazine decanoate : The prodrug of fluphenazine, an antipsychotic drug used for the symptomatic management of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | decanoate ester; N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug; prodrug |
| fluphenazine enanthate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines | |
| flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species. | 8.4 | 7 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide | androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
| fomepizole Fomepizole: A pyrazole and competitive inhibitor of ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE that is used for the treatment of poisoning by ETHYLENE GLYCOL or METHANOL.. fomepizole : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole substituted by a methyl group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazoles | antidote; EC 1.1.1.1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) inhibitor; protective agent |
| foscarnet Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid; one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids | antiviral drug; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor |
| furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide | environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic |
| gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| gemfibrozil [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether | antilipemic drug |
| glafenine Glafenine: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain.. glafenine : A carboxylic ester that is 2,3-dihydroxypropyl anthranilate in which the amino group is substituted by a 7-chloroquinolin-4-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, glafenine and its hydrochloride salt were used for the relief of all types of pain, but high incidence of anaphylactic reactions resulted in their withdrawal from the market. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; carboxylic ester; glycol; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| gliclazide Gliclazide: An oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent which stimulates insulin secretion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; radical scavenger |
| glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | sulfonamide | |
| glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
| glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
| gossypol Gossypol: A dimeric sesquiterpene found in cottonseed (GOSSYPIUM). The (-) isomer is active as a male contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS, MALE) whereas toxic symptoms are associated with the (+) isomer. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| granisetron [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; indazoles | |
| guaiazulene guaiazulene: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpene | |
| guanfacine Guanfacine: A centrally acting antihypertensive agent with specificity towards ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
| fasudil fasudil: intracellular calcium antagonist; structure in first source. fasudil : An isoquinoline substituted by a (1,4-diazepan-1-yl)sulfonyl group at position 5. It is a Rho-kinase inhibitor and its hydrochloride hydrate form is approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm and cerebral ischemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines; N-sulfonyldiazepane | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; nootropic agent; vasodilator agent |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| halothane [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene | acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug |
| miltefosine miltefosine: hexadecyl phosphocholine derivative of cisplatin; did not substantially activate HIV long terminal repeat; less toxic than cisplatin. miltefosine : A phospholipid that is the hexadecyl monoester of phosphocholine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phosphocholines; phospholipid | anti-inflammatory agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; apoptosis inducer; immunomodulator; protein kinase inhibitor |
| hexestrol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| hexetidine Hexetidine: A bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic heteromonocyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines | antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent |
| hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| hydroxyurea [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
| hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic |
| phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | primary amine | |
| lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
| alverine alverine : A tertiary amine having one ethyl and two 3-phenylprop-1-yl groups attached to the nitrogen. An antispasmodic that acts directly on intestinal and uterine smooth muscle, it is used (particularly as the citrate salt) in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug |
| idebenone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| ifosfamide [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ifosfamides | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | bipyridines | EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; diuretic |
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| iodixanol iodixanol: dimeric contrast media; structure given in first source. iodixanol : A dimeric, non-ionic, water-soluble, radiographic contrast agent, used particularly in coronary angiography. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organoiodine compound | radioopaque medium |
| iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| iopromide iopromide: structure given in first source. iopromide : A dicarboxylic acid diamide that consists of N-methylisophthalamide bearing three iodo substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6, a methoxyacetyl substituent at position 5 and two 2,3-dihydroxypropyl groups attached to the amide nitrogens. A water soluble x-ray contrast agent for intravascular administration. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; organoiodine compound | environmental contaminant; nephrotoxic agent; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide | radioopaque medium |
| ioversol [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid | |
| iproniazid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide; pyridines | |
| avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
| 2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol | protic solvent |
| isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| isoxsuprine Isoxsuprine: A beta-adrenergic agonist that causes direct relaxation of uterine and vascular smooth muscle. Its vasodilating actions are greater on the arteries supplying skeletal muscle than on those supplying skin. It is used in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and in premature labor. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester | |
| itraconazole [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | piperazines | |
| ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
| ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively. | 4.13 | 3 | 1 | dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine | |
| ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| ketorolac Ketorolac: A pyrrolizine carboxylic acid derivative structurally related to INDOMETHACIN. It is an NSAID and is used principally for its analgesic activity. (From Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). ketorolac : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid. While only the (S)-(-) enantiomer is a COX1 and COX2 inhibitor, the (R)-(+) enantiomer exhibits potent analgesic activity. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketorolac is mainly used (generally as the tromethamine salt) for its potent analgesic properties in the short-term management of post-operative pain, and in eye drops to relieve the ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It was withdrawn from the market in many countries in 1993 following association with haemorrhage and renal failure.. 5-benzoyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-1-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of pyrrolizines that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine which is substituted at positions 1 and 5 by carboxy and benzoyl groups, respectively. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrrolizines; racemate | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist |
| khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle | anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| lamotrigine [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; dichlorobenzene; primary arylamine | anticonvulsant; antidepressant; antimanic drug; calcium channel blocker; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; excitatory amino acid antagonist; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; xenobiotic |
| lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor |
| beta-lapachone beta-lapachone: antineoplastic inhibitor of reverse transcriptase, DNA topoisomerase, and DNA polymerase. beta-lapachone : A benzochromenone that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]chromene-5,6-dione substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2. Isolated from Tabebuia avellanedae, it exhibits antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory activities. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzochromenone; orthoquinones | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| leflunomide Leflunomide: An isoxazole derivative that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, the fourth enzyme in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. It is used an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS and PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS.. leflunomide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid with the anilino group of 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline. The prodrug of teriflunomide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; isoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide | antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant |
| lomefloxacin lomefloxacin: structure given in first source. lomefloxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic, used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to treat bacterial infections including bronchitis and urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent urinary tract infections prior to surgery. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; photosensitizing agent |
| lomustine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist |
| loratadine Loratadine: A second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Unlike most classical antihistamines (HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS) it lacks central nervous system depressing effects such as drowsiness.. loratadine : A benzocycloheptapyridine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-ylidene group at position 11. It is a H1-receptor antagonist commonly employed in the treatment of allergic disorders. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzocycloheptapyridine; ethyl ester; N-acylpiperidine; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; cholinergic antagonist; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist |
| losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles | angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| loxapine Loxapine: An antipsychotic agent used in SCHIZOPHRENIA. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dibenzooxazepine | antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| malathion Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diester; ethyl ester; organic thiophosphate | |
| diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isopropyl ester | |
| maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | anthracenes | |
| mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester | antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| meclizine Meclizine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in the treatment of motion sickness, vertigo, and nausea during pregnancy and radiation sickness. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| meclofenoxate Meclofenoxate: An ester of DIMETHYLAMINOETHANOL and para-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | |
| mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| mefloquine hydrochloride [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinolines; secondary alcohol | |
| vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| meperidine Meperidine: A narcotic analgesic that can be used for the relief of most types of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and the pain of labor. Prolonged use may lead to dependence of the morphine type; withdrawal symptoms appear more rapidly than with morphine and are of shorter duration.. pethidine : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is piperidine which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by phenyl and ethoxycarbonyl groups at position 4. It is an analgesic which is used for the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including postoperative pain and labour pain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; piperidinecarboxylate ester; tertiary amino compound | antispasmodic drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | anticonvulsant |
| mepivacaine Mepivacaine: A local anesthetic that is chemically related to BUPIVACAINE but pharmacologically related to LIDOCAINE. It is indicated for infiltration, nerve block, and epidural anesthesia. Mepivacaine is effective topically only in large doses and therefore should not be used by this route. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p168). mepivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide in which N-methylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline have combined to form the amide bond. It is used as a local amide-type anaesthetic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidinecarboxamide | drug allergen; local anaesthetic |
| meprobamate Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1. | 5.48 | 5 | 1 | guanidines | environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic |
| methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; psoralens | antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic |
| methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates | flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite |
| methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines | |
| methyprylon methyprylon: was heading 1973-94 (see under HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES 1963-72); use PIPERIDONES to search METHYPRYLON 1973-94 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic |
| metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol | antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor |
| mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; primary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist |
| miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles | |
| midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound | anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative |
| midodrine Midodrine: An ethanolamine derivative that is an adrenergic alpha-1 agonist. It is used as a vasoconstrictor agent in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. midodrine : An aromatic ether that is 1,4-dimethoxybenzene which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-(glycylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with selective alpha-adrenergic agonist activity, it is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a peripheral vasoconstrictor in the treatment of certain hypotensive states. The main active moiety is its major metabolite, deglymidodrine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide; aromatic ether; secondary alcohol | alpha-adrenergic agonist; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound | |
| mirtazapine Mirtazapine: A piperazinoazepine tetracyclic compound that enhances the release of NOREPINEPHRINE and SEROTONIN through blockage of presynaptic ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It also blocks both 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 serotonin receptors and is a potent HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR antagonist. It is used for the treatment of depression, and may also be useful for the treatment of anxiety disorders. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzazepine; tetracyclic antidepressant | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; oneirogen; serotonergic antagonist |
| mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | analgesic; antineoplastic agent |
| modafinil Modafinil: A benzhydryl acetamide compound, central nervous system stimulant, and CYP3A4 inducing agent that is used in the treatment of NARCOLEPSY and SLEEP WAKE DISORDERS.. modafinil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of armodafinil and (S)-modafinil. A central nervous system stimulant, it is used for the treatment of sleeping disorders such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnoea, and shift-work sleep disorder. The optical enantiomers of modafinil have similar pharmacological actions in animals.. 2-[(diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide : A sulfoxide that is dimethylsulfoxide in which two hydrogens attached to one of the methyl groups are replaced by phenyl groups, while one hydrogen attached to the other methyl group is replaced by a carbamoyl (aminocarbonyl) group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfoxide | |
| moxisylyte Moxisylyte: An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent that is used in Raynaud's disease. It is also used locally in the eye to reverse the mydriasis caused by phenylephrine and other sympathomimetic agents. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1312) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide | environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic |
| nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| nalidixic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| activins Activins: Activins are produced in the pituitary, gonads, and other tissues. By acting locally, they stimulate pituitary FSH secretion and have diverse effects on cell differentiation and embryonic development. Activins are glycoproteins that are hetero- or homodimers of INHIBIN-BETA SUBUNITS. | 3.56 | 1 | 1 | ||
| nefazodone nefazodone: may be useful as an opiate adjunct | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazoles | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; analgesic; antidepressant; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| nevirapine Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cyclopropanes; dipyridodiazepine | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound | |
| niceritrol Niceritrol: An ester of nicotinic acid that lowers cholesterol and triglycerides in total plasma and in the VLD- and LD-lipoprotein fractions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
| nilutamide [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; imidazolidinone | androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent |
| nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| nisoldipine Nisoldipine: A dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist that acts as a potent arterial vasodilator and antihypertensive agent. It is also effective in patients with cardiac failure and angina.. nisoldipine : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nisoldipine. A calcium channel blocker, it is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris.. methyl 2-methylpropyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3, an o-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isobutoxycarbonyl group at position 5. The racemate, a calcium channel blocker, is used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
| nitrazepam Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.. nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound | anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative |
| nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
| nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitroglycerol | explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| nizatidine [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound; carboxamidine; organic sulfide; tertiary amino compound | anti-ulcer drug; cholinergic drug; H2-receptor antagonist |
| masoprocol nordihydroguaretic acid: antioxidant compound found in the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | catechols; lignan; tetrol | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; plant metabolite |
| norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite |
| ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline | |
| omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide | |
| ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | carbazoles | |
| orphenadrine Orphenadrine: A muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.. orphenadrine : A tertiary amino compound which is the phenyl-o-tolylmethyl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ether; tertiary amino compound | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; H1-receptor antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; NMDA receptor antagonist; parasympatholytic |
| oxamniquine Oxamniquine: An anthelmintic with schistosomicidal activity against Schistosoma mansoni, but not against other Schistosoma spp. Oxamniquine causes worms to shift from the mesenteric veins to the liver where the male worms are retained; the female worms return to the mesentery, but can no longer release eggs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p121). oxamniquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-oxamniquine. An anthelmintic, it is administered orally for the treatment of schistomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (but not by other Schistosoma species); intramuscular administration is no longer used as it causes severe pain at the injection site.. {2-[(isopropylamino)methyl]-7-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl}methanol : A member of the class of quinolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 2, 6, and 7 by (isopropylamino)methyl, hydroxymethyl, and nitro groups, respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; C-nitro compound; quinolines; secondary amino compound | |
| oxaprozin Oxaprozin: An oxazole-propionic acid derivative, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is used in the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with of OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and ARTHRITIS, JUVENILE.. oxaprozin : A monocarboxylic acid that is a propionic acid derivative having a 4,5-diphenyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl substituent at position 3. It is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to relieve the pain and inflammatory responses associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles; monocarboxylic acid | analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound | anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| oxethazaine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide | |
| oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene | dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic |
| oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols; pyrazolidines | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite |
| aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; phenols | antitubercular agent |
| pamidronate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phosphonoacetic acid | |
| pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide | anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines | antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent |
| pemoline Pemoline: A central nervous system stimulant used in fatigue and depressive states and to treat hyperkinetic disorders in children.. pemoline : A member of the class of 1,3-oxazoles that is 1,3-oxazol-4(5H)-one which is substituted by an amino group at position 2 and by a phenyl group at position 5. A central nervous system stimulant, it was used to treat hyperactivity disorders in children, but withdrawn from use following reports of serious hepatotoxicity. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-oxazoles | central nervous system stimulant |
| pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic |
| pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | GABAA receptor agonist |
| pentoxifylline [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| perazine Perazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE. Extrapyramidal symptoms may be more common than other side effects.. perazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which 10H-phenothiazinecarries a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl substituent at the N-10 position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; phenothiazines | dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; aromatic ether | cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
| phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
| phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolidines | antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
| pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | indoles; secondary amine | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| pipemidic acid Pipemidic Acid: Antimicrobial against Gram negative and some Gram positive bacteria. It is protein bound and concentrated in bile and urine and used for gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections.. pipemidic acid : A pyridopyrimidine that is 5-oxo-5,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid substituted at position 2 by a piperazin-1-yl group and at position 8 by an ethyl group. A synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial, it is used for treatment of gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; pyridopyrimidine; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| piperazine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent | anthelminthic drug |
| pirbuterol pirbuterol: structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
| prazepam Prazepam: A benzodiazepine that is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| praziquantel azinox: Russian drug | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine | antimalarial |
| primidone Primidone: A barbiturate derivative that acts as a GABA modulator and anti-epileptic agent. It is partly metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL in the body and owes some of its actions to this metabolite.. primidone : A pyrimidone that is dihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione substituted by an ethyl and a phenyl group at position 5. It is used as an anticonvulsant for treatment of various types of seizures. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidone | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzoic acids; sulfonamide | uricosuric drug |
| probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dithioketal; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug |
| procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzamides | anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker |
| procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | benzamides; hydrazines | antineoplastic agent |
| prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic |
| promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative |
| propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | phenols | anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative |
| propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| pyridinolcarbamate Pyridinolcarbamate: A drug that has been given by mouth in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other vascular disorders, hyperlipidemias, and thrombo-embolic disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1408) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
| pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| sch 16134 quazepam: structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| ranitidine [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aralkylamine | |
| opc 12759 rebamipide: structure in first source; RN refers to (+-)-isomer; inhibits gastric xanthine oxidase | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | secondary carboxamide | |
| riluzole Riluzole: A glutamate antagonist (RECEPTORS, GLUTAMATE) used as an anticonvulsant (ANTICONVULSANTS) and to prolong the survival of patients with AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzothiazoles | |
| rimantadine Rimantadine: An RNA synthesis inhibitor that is used as an antiviral agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alkylamine | |
| risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| rofecoxib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | butenolide; sulfone | analgesic; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| salicylamide salamide: a major impurity of hydrochlorothiazide; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols; salicylamides | antirheumatic drug; non-narcotic analgesic |
| salmeterol xinafoate salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ether; phenols; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| sevoflurane Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ether; organofluorine compound | central nervous system depressant; inhalation anaesthetic; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| sibutramine sibutramine: serotonin and norepinephrine transporter inhibitor; Meridia is tradename for sibutramine hydrochloride | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | anti-obesity agent; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide | anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| 4-phenylbutyric acid, sodium salt sodium phenylbutyrate : The organic sodium salt of 4-phenylbutyric acid. A prodrug for phenylacetate, it is used to treat urea cycle disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; orphan drug; prodrug |
| vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| succinylcholine Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion; succinate ester | drug allergen; muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent |
| sulconazole sulconazole: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure given in first source. sulconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-sulconazole. An antifungal agent with activity against Candida species, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}-1H-imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-ethyl-1H-imidazole in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a (4-chlorobenzyl)sulfanediyl group while a second is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorophenyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; organic sulfide | |
| sulfadimethoxine Sulfadimethoxine: A sulfanilamide that is used as an anti-infective agent.. sulfadimethoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 2- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sulfamerazine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; drug allergen |
| sulfameter Sulfameter: Long acting sulfonamide used in leprosy, urinary, and respiratory tract infections.. sulfamethoxydiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having a methoxy substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; leprostatic drug; renal agent |
| sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic |
| sulfamethizole Sulfamethizole: A sulfathiazole antibacterial agent.. sulfamethizole : A sulfonamide consisting of a 1,3,4-thiadiazole nucleus with a methyl substituent at C-5 and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at C-2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor |
| sulfamethoxazole Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208). sulfamethoxazole : An isoxazole (1,2-oxazole) compound having a methyl substituent at the 5-position and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 3-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoxazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; epitope; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| sulfanilamide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial agent; drug allergen; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| sulfaphenazole Sulfaphenazole: A sulfonilamide anti-infective agent.. sulfaphenazole : A sulfonamide that is sulfanilamide in which the sulfonamide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl group. It is a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 isozyme, and antibacterial agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary amino compound; pyrazoles; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.67 (quinine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor |
| sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide | antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolidines; sulfoxide | uricosuric drug |
| 2-(octylamino)-1-[4-(propan-2-ylthio)phenyl]-1-propanol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide | antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| sumatriptan Sumatriptan: A serotonin agonist that acts selectively at 5HT1 receptors. It is used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. sumatriptan : A sulfonamide that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional (N-methylsulfamoyl)methyl substituent at position 5. Selective agonist for a vascular 5-HT1 receptor subtype (probably a member of the 5-HT1D family). Used (in the form of its succinate salt) for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide; tryptamines | serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| suprofen Suprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and has been proposed as an anti-arthritic.. suprofen : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by a 4-(1-carboxyethyl)benzoyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | antirheumatic drug; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug |
| suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
| gatifloxacin Gatifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent and DNA TOPOISOMERASE II inhibitor that is used as an ophthalmic solution for the treatment of BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS.. gatifloxacin : A monocarboxylic acid that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid which is substituted on the nitrogen by a cyclopropyl group and at positions 6, 7, and 8 by fluoro, 3-methylpiperazin-1-yl, and methoxy groups, respectively. Gatifloxacin is an antibiotic of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolone family, that like other members of that family, inhibits the bacterial topoisomerase type-II enzymes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| tazarotene tazarotene: a topical acetylenic retinoid; a topical kerytolytic. tazarotene : The ethyl ester of tazarotenic acid. A prodrug for tazarotenic acid, it is used for the treatment of psoriasis, acne, and sun-damaged skin. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; ethyl ester; pyridines; retinoid; thiochromane | keratolytic drug; prodrug; teratogenic agent |
| tegafur [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organohalogen compound; pyrimidines | |
| temazepam Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| temozolomide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent |
| terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; resorcinols | anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound | local anaesthetic |
| thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | phthalimides; piperidones | |
| thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles | antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug |
| thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | phenothiazines; piperidines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| thiotepa Thiotepa: A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aziridines | |
| tiaprofenic acid tiaprofenic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tiaprofenic acid : An aromatic ketone that is thiophene substituted at C-2 by benzoyl and at C-4 by a 1-carboxyethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | drug allergen; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| tioconazole tioconazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tioconazole.. 1-{2-[(2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that comprises 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethylimidazole carrying an additional (2-chloro-3-thienyl)methoxy substituent at position 2. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; thiophenes | |
| tiopronin Tiopronin: Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzothiadiazole; imidazoles | alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant |
| tolazamide Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.. tolazamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is 1-tosylurea in which a hydrogen attached to the nitrogen at position 3 is replaced by an azepan-1-yl group. A hypoglycemic agent, it is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | hypoglycemic agent; potassium channel blocker |
| tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 | N-sulfonylurea | human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker |
| tolperisone Tolperisone: A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| ultram 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol : A tertiary alcohol that is cyclohexanol substituted at positions 1 and 2 by 3-methoxyphenyl and dimethylaminomethyl groups respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | |
| tranexamic acid Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid | |
| trazodone Trazodone: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309). trazodone : An N-arylpiperazine in which one nitrogen is substituted by a 3-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a 3-(3-oxo[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-2(3H)-yl)propyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; triazolopyridine | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | triazolobenzodiazepine | sedative |
| triclosan [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic |
| trientine Trientine: An ethylenediamine derivative used as stabilizer for EPOXY RESINS, as ampholyte for ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING and as chelating agent for copper in HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION.. TETA : An azamacrocyle in which four nitrogen atoms at positions 1, 4, 8 and 11 of a fouteen-membered ring are each substituted with a carboxymethyl group.. 2,2,2-tetramine : A polyazaalkane that is decane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogens. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | polyazaalkane; tetramine | copper chelator |
| trifluoperazine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| triflupromazine Triflupromazine: A phenothiazine used as an antipsychotic agent and as an antiemetic.. triflupromazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a trifluoromethyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the N-10 position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic |
| trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | oxazolidinone | anticonvulsant; geroprotector |
| trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes | antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| trimetrexate Trimetrexate: A nonclassical folic acid inhibitor through its inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. It is being tested for efficacy as an antineoplastic agent and as an antiparasitic agent against PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA in AIDS patients. Myelosuppression is its dose-limiting toxic effect. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trimipramine Trimipramine: Tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE, but with more antihistaminic and sedative properties.. trimipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)-2-methylpropyl group at the nitrogen atom. It is used as an antidepressant. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; tertiary amino compound | antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| troglitazone Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chromanes; thiazolidinone | anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| venlafaxine venlafaxine : A tertiary amino compound that is N,N-dimethylethanamine substituted at position 1 by a 1-hydroxycyclohexyl and 4-methoxyphenyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cyclohexanols; monomethoxybenzene; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; serotonin uptake inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| vesnarinone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| vigabatrin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor |
| ici 204,219 zafirlukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; indoles; N-sulfonylcarboxamide | anti-asthmatic agent; leukotriene antagonist |
| zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | imidazopyridine | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative |
| zomepirac zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles | cardiovascular drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| guanidine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic chloride salt | protein denaturant |
| hydrocortisone acetate hydrocortisone acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cortisol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| cortisone acetate Cortisone Acetate: The acetate ester of cortisone that is used mainly for replacement therapy in adrenocortical insufficiency and in the treatment of many allergic and inflammatory disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mitomycin | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic |
| estriol hormonin: estrogen replacement; each tablet contains 600 ug micronized 17beta-estradiol, 270 ug estriol and 1.4 mg estrone. chlorapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3Cl. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | estrogen; human metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glucitol | cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidone | hyperglycemic agent; metabolite |
| floxuridine Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent |
| piperonyl butoxide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | pesticide synergist |
| bromouracil Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; pyrimidines | mutagen |
| 3,3',5-triiodothyroacetic acid tiratricol : A monocarboxylic acid that is (4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)acetic acid in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenoxy group. It is a thyroid hormone analogue that has been used in the treatment of thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | 4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| histamine dihydrochloride Ceplene: Tradename for histamine dihydrochloride. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 3.62 | 2 | 0 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | 1-phenylpropan-2-amine | adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent |
| carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| norethindrone acetate norethisterone acetate : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is norethisterone in which the hydroxy group has been converted to its acetate ester. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; terminal acetylenic compound | progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester | aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cyclobarbital cyclobarbital: was heading 1977-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1977-90); CYCLOBARBITONE, HEXEMAL, & TETRAHYDROPHENOBARBITAL were see CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; use BARBITURATES to search CYCLOBARBITAL 1977-94; short to intermediate duration barbiturate used as hypnotic and sedative | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| allobarbital allobarbital: was heading 1976-94 (see under BARBITURATES 1976-90); ALLOBARBITONE, DIALLYLBARBITAL, DIALLYLBARBITURIC ACID, & DIALLYLMAL were see ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; use BARBITURATES to search ALLOBARBITAL 1976-94; a barbiturate derivative with effects of intermediate duration; at lower doses, it is used as a sedative; at higher doses, it displays hypnotic effects | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
| trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester | agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide |
| prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| oxandrolone Oxandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. | 5.19 | 6 | 2 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; oxa-steroid | anabolic agent; androgen |
| androsterone [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid; C19-steroid | androgen; anticonvulsant; human blood serum metabolite; human metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; pheromone |
| dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid | androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| nad [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | NAD | geroprotector |
| penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope |
| pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | pilocarpine | antiglaucoma drug |
| triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | detergent; surfactant |
| vincristine [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
| physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; indole alkaloid | antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic |
| sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| testosterone propionate Testosterone Propionate: An ester of TESTOSTERONE with a propionate substitution at the 17-beta position.. androgen : A sex hormone that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors. | 5.62 | 5 | 1 | steroid ester | |
| 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes | carcinogenic agent |
| apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug |
| aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound | antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone | anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent |
| tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent |
| uridine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | uridines | drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | kanamycins | bacterial metabolite |
| phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug |
| niridazole Niridazole: An antischistosomal agent that has become obsolete. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-nitro compound | |
| bretylium tosylate Bretylium Tosylate: An agent that blocks the release of adrenergic transmitters and may have other actions. It was formerly used as an antihypertensive agent, but is now proposed as an anti-arrhythmic.. bretylium tosylate : The tosylate salt of bretylium. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonate salt; quaternary ammonium salt | adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent |
| leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 3.81 | 2 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads. | 4.47 | 5 | 1 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; naphthalenes | acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant |
| lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | lactose | |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| Mebutamate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
| uracil mustard Uracil Mustard: Nitrogen mustard derivative of URACIL. It is a alkylating antineoplastic agent that is used in lymphatic malignancies, and causes mainly gastrointestinal and bone marrow damage. | 1.94 | 1 | 0 | aminouracil; nitrogen mustard | |
| norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen. | 4.18 | 5 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol | progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| norethynodrel Norethynodrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions and uses similar to those of PROGESTERONE. It has been used in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding and ENDOMETRIOSIS. As a contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS), it has usually been administered in combination with MESTRANOL. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | oxo steroid | |
| benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| mannitol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| cytarabine [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor |
| medroxyprogesterone acetate [no description available] | 10.72 | 24 | 8 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; steroid ester | adjuvant; androgen; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; female contraceptive drug; inhibitor; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| mestranol [no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound | prodrug; xenoestrogen |
| methaqualone Methaqualone: A quinazoline derivative with hypnotic and sedative properties. It has been withdrawn from the market in many countries because of problems with abuse. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p604). methaqualone : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazolin-4-one substituted at positions 2 and 3 by methyl and o-tolyl groups respectively. A depressant that increases the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system, it is used as a sedative and hypnotic medication. It became popular as a recreational drug and club drug in the late 1960s and 1970s. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | GABA agonist; sedative |
| trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methandrostenolone Methandrostenolone: A synthetic steroid with anabolic properties that are more pronounced than its androgenic effects. It has little progestational activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188) | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| cordycepin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines | antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 3.84 | 2 | 1 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| trichloroacetic acid Trichloroacetic Acid: A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.. trichloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which all three methyl hydrogens are substituted by chlorine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| fluoxymesterone Fluoxymesterone: An anabolic steroid that has been used in the treatment of male HYPOGONADISM, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women. | 3.75 | 2 | 1 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; fluorinated steroid | anabolic agent; antineoplastic agent |
| allylpropymal allylpropymal: RN given refers to parent cpd. aprobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates that is pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione substituted by an isopropyl and a prop-1-en-3-yl group at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| butobarbital butobarbital: Butobarbital should be distinguished from Butabarbital (a synonym for Secbutabarbital) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | |
| trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chloroethenes | inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite |
| dehydrocholic acid Dehydrocholic Acid: A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.. 3,7,12-trioxo-5beta-cholanic acid : An oxo-5beta-cholanic acid in which three oxo substituents are located at positions 3, 7 and 12 on the cholanic acid skeleton. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 12-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-5beta-steroid; 7-oxo steroid; oxo-5beta-cholanic acid | gastrointestinal drug |
| methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic |
| isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| synephrine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; phenethylamine alkaloid; phenols | alpha-adrenergic agonist; plant metabolite |
| benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product |
| ergotamine Ergotamine: A vasoconstrictor found in ergot of Central Europe. It is a serotonin agonist that has been used as an oxytocic agent and in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. ergotamine : A peptide ergot alkaloid that is dihydroergotamine in which a double bond replaces the single bond between positions 9 and 10. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | peptide ergot alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; mycotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; oxytocic; serotonergic agonist; vasoconstrictor agent |
| estradiol dipropionate estradiol dipropionate: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not in Chemline 7/83 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bromide salt | |
| phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biguanides | antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent |
| mephobarbital Mephobarbital: A barbiturate that is metabolized to PHENOBARBITAL. It has been used for similar purposes, especially in EPILEPSY, but there is no evidence mephobarbital offers any advantage over PHENOBARBITAL.. mephobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant |
| hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes | antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant |
| trinitrotoluene Trinitrotoluene: A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, which is an explosive chemical that can cause skin irritation and other toxic consequences.. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene : A trinitrotoluene having the nitro groups at positions 2, 4 and 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | trinitrotoluene | explosive |
| framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
| pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone | antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector |
| meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hexosamine; secondary amino compound | |
| cinchophen cinchophen: was heading 1963-94; ACIPHENOCHINOLIUM was see CHINOPHEN 1978-94; use QUINOLINES to search CINCHOPHEN 1966-94 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinolines | |
| pregnenolone [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone 20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone: A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| nafcillin Nafcillin: A semi-synthetic antibiotic related to penicillin.. nafcillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2-ethoxy-1-naphthoyl)amino group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| mequinol mequinol: depigmenting agent; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzenes; phenols | metabolite |
| methohexital Methohexital: An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.. methohexital : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by a methyl group and at C-5 by allyl and 1-methylpent-2-ynyl groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; barbiturates | drug allergen; intravenous anaesthetic |
| quinestrol Quinestrol: The 3-cyclopentyl ether of ETHINYL ESTRADIOL. After gastrointestinal absorption, it is stored in ADIPOSE TISSUE, slowly released, and metabolized principally to the parent compound. It has been used in ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1011) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | xenoestrogen |
| dydrogesterone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | progestin |
| adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon. | 3.19 | 1 | 0 | adamantanes; polycyclic alkane | |
| ethynodiol diacetate Ethynodiol Diacetate: A synthetic progestational hormone used alone or in combination with estrogens as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | steroid ester; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; estrogen receptor modulator; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines | bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| estradiol 17 beta-cypionate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent |
| aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | mixture | bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug |
| azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent |
| phenyramidol phenyramidol: considered as a drug that possibly causes hepatotoxicity | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine | |
| carbutamide Carbutamide: A sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent with similar actions and uses to CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; sulfonamide | |
| nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone Decanoate: Decanoic acid ester of nandrolone that is used as an anabolic agent to prevent or treat WASTING SYNDROME associated with severe chronic illness or HIV infection (HIV WASTING SYNDROME). It may also be used in the treatment of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS. | 8.12 | 15 | 6 | steroid ester | |
| bucladesine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; butanamides; butyrate ester | agonist; cardiotonic drug; vasodilator agent |
| betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724) | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent |
| perflubron perflubron: potential anti-obesity compound; reduces food adsorption; 8-carbon perfluorocarbon radiopaque compound; an oral contrast agent for use with MRI to enhance delineation of the bowel distinguishing it from adjacent organs. perflubron : A haloalkane that is perfluorooctane in which a fluorine attached to one of the terminal carbons has been replaced by a bromine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; perfluorinated compound | blood substitute; radioopaque medium |
| cyproterone acetate [no description available] | 7.39 | 10 | 3 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; chlorinated steroid; steroid ester | androgen antagonist; geroprotector; progestin |
| nandrolone Nandrolone: C18 steroid with androgenic and anabolic properties. It is generally prepared from alkyl ethers of ESTRADIOL to resemble TESTOSTERONE but less one carbon at the 19 position.. nandrolone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is estr-4-en-3-one substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. | 14.08 | 21 | 7 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | human metabolite |
| dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| glycyrrhetinic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic terpene ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | immunomodulator; plant metabolite |
| chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| epitestosterone Epitestosterone: The 17-alpha isomer of TESTOSTERONE, derived from PREGNENOLONE via the delta5-steroid pathway, and via 5-androstene-3-beta,17-alpha-diol. Epitestosterone acts as an antiandrogen in various target tissues. The ratio between testosterone/epitestosterone is used to monitor anabolic drug abuse.. epitestosterone : An androstanoid that is the C-17 epimer of testosterone. | 4.5 | 5 | 1 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen antagonist; human metabolite |
| dihydralazine Dihydralazine: 1,4-Dihydrazinophthalazine. An antihypertensive agent with actions and uses similar to those of HYDRALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p354) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phthalazines | |
| phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid | plant metabolite |
| dihydroergotamine Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.. dihydroergotamine : Ergotamine in which a single bond replaces the double bond between positions 9 and 10. A semisynthetic ergot alkaloid with weaker oxytocic and vasoconstrictor properties than ergotamine, it is used (as the methanesulfonic or tartaric acid salts) for the treatment of migraine and orthostatic hypotension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ergot alkaloid; semisynthetic derivative | dopamine agonist; non-narcotic analgesic; serotonergic agonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator |
| hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside | mutagen |
| medroxyprogesterone [no description available] | 6.97 | 11 | 3 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5. | 11.8 | 33 | 17 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid | androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| chlormethiazole Chlormethiazole: A sedative and anticonvulsant often used in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Chlormethiazole has also been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic activity is not entirely clear, but it does potentiate GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptors response and it may also affect glycine receptors. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | thiazoles | |
| methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; secondary amine | central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic |
| levocarnitine (R)-carnitine : The (R)-enantiomer of carnitine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carnitine | antilipemic drug; nootropic agent; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; water-soluble vitamin (role) |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye |
| hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neutral red Neutral Red: A vital dye used as an indicator and biological stain. Various adverse effects have been observed in biological systems.. neutral red : A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | acid-base indicator; dye; two-colour indicator |
| glycerylphosphorylcholine Glycerylphosphorylcholine: A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed) | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | glycerophosphocholine | |
| lactulose [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycosylfructose | gastrointestinal drug; laxative |
| megestrol acetate [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester | antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| erythromycin stearate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside | |
| erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin | |
| levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis. | 8.7 | 7 | 3 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| boldenone boldenone: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer. boldenone : An 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and a beta-hydroxy group at position 17. It is an anabolic androgenic steroid that has been developed for veterinary use. | 8.03 | 4 | 3 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | |
| turinabol turinabol: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer; do not confuse with related record for turinabol-oral | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| vinblastine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| testolactone Testolactone: An antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and used to treat advanced breast cancer. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; seco-androstane | |
| estradiol valerate [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative | antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| ethynodiol [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | progestin |
| testosterone 17-phenylpropionate [no description available] | 3.56 | 2 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
| vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycopeptide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite |
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| mesterolone Mesterolone: 17 beta-Hydroxy-1 alpha-methyl-5 alpha-androstan-3-one. A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic activities. | 6.86 | 4 | 4 | 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid | |
| selenomethionine [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | selenoamino acid; selenomethionines | plant metabolite |
| dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
| amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound | antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| betamethasone valerate Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid ester | anti-inflammatory drug |
| methylprednisolone hemisuccinate Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate: A water-soluble ester of METHYLPREDNISOLONE used for cardiac, allergic, and hypoxic emergencies. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone; hemisuccinate | |
| sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidines; sulfonamide | antibacterial drug; antimalarial |
| acadesine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-ribosylimidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole; nucleoside analogue | antineoplastic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity | antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| doxifluridine doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| cyclacillin Cyclacillin: A cyclohexylamido analog of PENICILLANIC ACID. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| iproclozide iproclozide: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine | |
| streptomycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| cladribine [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | organochlorine compound; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| beclomethasone [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug |
| carbenicillin disodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| dehydroemetine dehydroemetine: was MH 1991-94 (see under EMETINE 1976-90); use EMETINE to search DEHYDROEMETINE 1976-94; amebicide, derivative of emetine. dehydroemetine : A pyridoisoquinoline which was developed in response to the cardiovascular toxicity associated with emetine and results from the dehydrogenation of the heterotricylic ring of emetine. It is an antiprotozoal agent and displays antimalarial, antiamoebic, and antileishmanial properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; isoquinolines; pyridoisoquinoline | antileishmanial agent; antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug |
| estradiol enanthate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| benorilate benorilate: was heading 1980-94 (see under SALICYLATES 1980-90); was BENORYLATE see under SALICYLATES 1975-79; BENORYLATE was see BENORILATE 1980-94; use SALICYLATES to search BENORILATE 1980-90 & BENORYLATE 1975-79; an ester of aspirin and paracetamol with analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activity used in the treatment of rheumatoid diseases; it has less severe side effects than aspirin | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbonyl compound | |
| trimetazidine Trimetazidine: A vasodilator used in angina of effort or ischemic heart disease. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine | |
| floxacillin Floxacillin: Antibiotic analog of CLOXACILLIN.. flucloxacillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[3-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-4-carboxamido] side-chain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic |
| betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; propanoate ester; steroid ester | antipsoriatic |
| olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| tiadenol tiadenol: structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide | |
| zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity | fertilizer |
| tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | calcium phosphate | |
| stanozolol Stanozolol: A synthetic steroid that has anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1194). stanozolol : An organic heteropentacyclic compound resulting from the formal condensation of the 3-keto-aldehyde moiety of oxymetholone with hydrazine. Like oxymetholone, it is a synthetic anabolic steroid. It has both anabolic and androgenic properties, and has been used to treat hereditary angioedema and various vascular disorders. It has also been widely abused by professional athletes. | 5.23 | 9 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | anabolic agent; androgen |
| clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent |
| xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound | geroprotector |
| levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole | antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator |
| thiamphenicol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfone | antimicrobial agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| pizotyline Pizotyline: Serotonin antagonist used against MIGRAINE DISORDERS and vascular headaches.. pizotifen : A benzocycloheptathiophene that is 9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophene 4-ylidene)-1-methylpiperidine which is joined from the 4 position to the 4 position of an N-methylpiperidine moiety by a double bond. It is a sedating antihistamine, with strong serotonin antagonist and weak antimuscarinic activity. It is generally used as the malate salt for the treatment of migraine and the prevention of headache attacks during cluster periods. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzocycloheptathiophene | histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| isosorbide-5-mononitrate isosorbide-5-mononitrate: for prevention of angina pectoris; structure given in first source; a Russian drug | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | glucitol derivative; nitrate ester | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders. | 4.46 | 7 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector |
| daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite |
| cephapirin Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester | antithyroid drug; prodrug |
| bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | indole alkaloid | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist |
| triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug |
| oxyphenisatin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloroethenes | nephrotoxic agent |
| ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| metipranolol Metipranolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist effective for both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. It is used as an antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, and antiglaucoma agent.. metipranolol : 3-(Propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is substituted by a 4-acetoxy-2,3,5-trimethylphenoxy group. A non-cardioselective beta-blocker, it is used to lower intra-ocular pressure in the management of open-angle glaucoma. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| halazepam halazepam: structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| butachlor butachlor : An aromatic amide that is 2-choro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide in which the amide nitrogen has been replaced by a butoxymethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; organochlorine compound; tertiary carboxamide | environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic |
| du-21220 Ritodrine: An adrenergic beta-2 agonist used to control PREMATURE LABOR.. 4-[2-[[1-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]amino]ethyl]phenol : A secondary amino compound that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxypropyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzyl alcohols; polyphenol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states. | 3.48 | 1 | 1 | ||
| rose bengal b disodium salt [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| androstane-3,17-diol Androstane-3,17-diol: The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion. | 3.31 | 2 | 0 | 17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; androstanoid | |
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles | antibacterial drug |
| amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | timolol | anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| nicergoline Nicergoline: An ergot derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. It may ameliorate cognitive deficits in CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound | |
| oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine: A carbamazepine derivative that acts as a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. It is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES with or without secondary generalization. It is also an inducer of CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A4.. oxcarbazepine : A dibenzoazepine derivative, having a carbamoyl group at the ring nitrogen, substituted with an oxo group at C-4 of the azepeine ring which is also hydrogenated at C-4 and C-5. It is a anticholinergic anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug, used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclic ketone; dibenzoazepine | anticonvulsant; drug allergen |
| moricizine Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; morpholines; phenothiazines | anti-arrhythmia drug |
| s-adenosylmethionine acylcarnitine: structure in first source. S-adenosyl-L-methioninate : A sulfonium betaine that is a conjugate base of S-adenosyl-L-methionine obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group. | 3.8 | 1 | 1 | sulfonium betaine | human metabolite |
| amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound | antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor |
| bitolterol bitolterol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bitolterol : The di-4-toluate ester of (+-)-N-tert-butylnoradrenaline (colterol). A pro-drug for colterol, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist, bitolterol is used as its methanesulfonate salt for relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; diester; ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; prodrug |
| zidovudine Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | azide; pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| pirprofen pirprofen: anti-inflammatory agent used in therapy of rheumatoid arthritis; prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor; more potent than indomethacin; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrroline | |
| tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin |
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| etoposide [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| dobutamine Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | catecholamine; secondary amine | beta-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| penbutolol Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ethanolamines | |
| ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin |
| ticrynafen Ticrynafen: A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent.. tienilic acid : An aromatic ketone that is 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 on the benzene ring is replaced by a thiophenecarbonyl group. A loop diuretic used to treat hypertension, it was withdrawn from the market in 1982 due to links with hepatitis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; thiophenes | antihypertensive agent; hepatotoxic agent; loop diuretic |
| guanadrel guanadrel: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. guanadrel : A spiroketal resulting from the formal condensation of the keto group of cyclohexanone with the hydroxy groups of 1-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)guanidine. A postganglionic adrenergic blocking agent formerly used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the management of hypertension, it has been largely superseded by other drugs less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension (dizzy spells on standing up or stretching). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; spiroketal | adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent |
| methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent |
| tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide | anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker |
| bezafibrate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic |
| sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| levobunolol Levobunolol: The L-Isomer of bunolol.. levobunolol : A cyclic ketone that is 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1-one substituted at position 5 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group (the S-enantiomer). A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of glaucoma. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclic ketone; propanolamine | antiglaucoma drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| vecuronium bromide Vecuronium Bromide: Monoquaternary homolog of PANCURONIUM. A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with shorter duration of action than pancuronium. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination as well as its short duration of action and easy reversibility provide advantages over, or alternatives to, other established neuromuscular blocking agents.. vecuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-acetoxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-piperidinino- and 16beta-N-methylpiperidinium substituents. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent; nicotinic antagonist |
| 17-beta-hydroxy-7 alpha-methyl-androst-5-en-3-one 17-beta-hydroxy-7 alpha-methyl-androst-5-en-3-one: synthetic anti-progestational steroid; with anti-uterotrophic and gonadotropin-inhibiting activity; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| benoxaprofen benoxaprofen: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. benoxaprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is propionic acid substituted at position 2 by a 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-benzoxazol-5-yl group. It was used as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug until 1982 when it was withdrawn from the market due to adverse side-effects including liver necrosis, photosensitivity, and carcinogenicity in animals. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes | antipsoriatic; antipyretic; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; nephrotoxin; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; protein kinase C agonist |
| permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes | agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide |
| pirfenidone pirfenidone : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted at positions 1 and 5 by phenyl and methyl groups respectively. An anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridone | antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| desogestrel Desogestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone used often as the progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptive agents (ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES, COMBINED). | 12.01 | 5 | 1 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| muzolimine Muzolimine: A pyrazole diuretic with long duration and high capacity of action. It was proposed for kidney failure and hypertension but was withdrawn worldwide because of severe neurological effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| sufentanil Sufentanil: An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.. sufentanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of 4-(methoxymethyl)-N-phenyl-1-[2-(2-thienyl)ethyl]piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | anilide; ether; piperidines; thiophenes | anaesthesia adjuvant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| torsemide Torsemide: A pyridine and sulfonamide derivative that acts as a sodium-potassium chloride symporter inhibitor (loop diuretic). It is used for the treatment of EDEMA associated with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY; and LIVER DISEASES. It is also used for the management of HYPERTENSION.. torasemide : An N-sulfonylurea obtained by formal condensation of [(3-methylphenyl)amino]pyridine-3-sulfonic acid with the free amino group of N-isopropylurea. It is a potent loop diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and edema in patients with congestive heart failure. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; N-sulfonylurea; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; loop diuretic |
| epirubicin Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; anthracycline; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative; p-quinones; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| cefmetazole Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| desflurane Desflurane: A fluorinated ether that is used as a volatile anesthetic for maintenance of general anesthesia. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| idarubicin Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | anthracycline antibiotic; deoxy hexoside; monosaccharide derivative | |
| cefonicid Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| foscarnet sodium trisodium phosphonoformate : The trisodium salt of phosphonoformic acid. It is used as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antiviral drug |
| lodoxamide [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound | |
| atracurium Atracurium: A non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with short duration of action. Its lack of significant cardiovascular effects and its lack of dependence on good kidney function for elimination provide clinical advantage over alternate non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.. atracurium : A diester compound consisting of pentane-1,5-diol with both hydroxyls bearing 3-[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolinium-2(1H)-yl]propanoyl groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | diester; quaternary ammonium ion | muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist |
| butoconazole butoconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. butoconazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1H-imidazole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)sulfanyl]butyl group. An antifungal agent, it is used as its nitrate salt in gynaecology for treatment of vulvovaginal infections caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; conazole antifungal drug; dichlorobenzene; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | |
| moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; oxacephem | antibacterial drug |
| nicorandil Nicorandil: A derivative of the NIACINAMIDE that is structurally combined with an organic nitrate. It is a potassium-channel opener that causes vasodilatation of arterioles and large coronary arteries. Its nitrate-like properties produce venous vasodilation through stimulation of guanylate cyclase.. nicorandil : A pyrimidinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen is replaced by a 2-(nitrooxy)ethyl group. It has both nitrate-like and ATP-sensitive potassium channel activator properties, and is used for the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitrate ester; pyridinecarboxamide | potassium channel opener; vasodilator agent |
| naftifine naftifine: allylamine der; RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. naftifine : A tertiary amine in which the nitrogen is substituted by methyl, alpha-naphthylmethyl, and (1E)-cinnamyl groups. It is used (usually as its hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of fungal skin infections. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | allylamine antifungal drug; naphthalenes; tertiary amine | EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor |
| pergolide Pergolide: A long-acting dopamine agonist which has been used to treat PARKINSON DISEASE and HYPERPROLACTINEMIA but withdrawn from some markets due to potential for HEART VALVE DISEASES.. pergolide : A diamine that is ergoline in which the beta-hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a (methylthio)methyl group and the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is replaced by a propyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist which also has D1 and D2 agonist properties, it is used as the mesylate salt in the management of Parkinson's disease, although it was withdrawn from the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2007 due to an increased risk of cardiac valve dysfunction. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | diamine; methyl sulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
| cefadroxil anhydrous Cefadroxil: Long-acting, broad-spectrum, water-soluble, CEPHALEXIN derivative.. cefadroxil : A cephalosporin bearing methyl and (2R)-2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzamides; piperidines | anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker |
| buserelin Buserelin: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| nedocromil Nedocromil: A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including EOSINOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; MONOCYTES; AND PLATELETS. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| cefaclor anhydrous Cefaclor: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibiotic derivative of CEPHALEXIN.. cefaclor : A cephalosporin bearing chloro and (R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| miglustat miglustat: a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. miglustat : A hydroxypiperidine that is deoxynojirimycin in which the amino hydrogen is replaced by a butyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines; tertiary amino compound | anti-HIV agent; EC 2.4.1.80 (ceramide glucosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
| enoximone Enoximone: A selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with vasodilating and positive inotropic activity that does not cause changes in myocardial oxygen consumption. It is used in patients with CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| levocabastine levocabastine: for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | |
| simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic) | EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug |
| pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic) | anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic |
| cabergoline Cabergoline: An ergoline derivative and dopamine D2-agonist that inhibits PROLACTIN secretion. It is used in the management of HYPERPROLACTINEMIA, and to suppress lactation following childbirth for medical reasons. Cabergoline is also used in the management of PARKINSON DISEASE.. cabergoline : An N-acylurea that is (8R)-ergoline-8-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the piperidine nitrogen (position 6) is substituted by an allyl group and the hydrogens attached to the carboxamide nitrogen are substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group and an N-ethylcarbamoyl group. A dopamine D2 receptor agonist, cabergoline is used in the management of Parkinson's disease and of disorders associated with hyperprolactinaemia. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | N-acylurea | antineoplastic agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist |
| atomoxetine hydrochloride Atomoxetine Hydrochloride: A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER.. atomoxetine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of atomoxetine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant |
| quinapril Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. quinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; isoquinolines; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| gepirone gepirone: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-arylpiperazine | |
| mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| fosphenytoin fosphenytoin: structure given in first & second source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione | |
| fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. | 8.33 | 11 | 5 | 3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam | androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor |
| esmolol methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; ethanolamines; methyl ester; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | |
| adapalene Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.. adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | adamantanes; monocarboxylic acid; naphthoic acid | dermatologic drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| sparfloxacin [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | |
| zileuton [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1-benzothiophenes; ureas | anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine | anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor |
| cidofovir anhydrous Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | phosphonic acids; pyrimidone | anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; photosensitizing agent |
| topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | pyranoindolizinoquinoline | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor |
| bromfenac bromfenac: bromfenac sodium is the active cpd; structure in first source. bromfenac : Amfenac in which the the hydrogen at the 4 position of the benzoyl group is substituted by bromine. It is used for the management of ocular pain and treatment of postoperative inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction. It was withdrawn from the US market in 1998, following concerns over off-label abuse and hepatic failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; benzophenones; organobromine compound; substituted aniline | non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| ibutilide ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; organic amino compound | |
| remifentanil Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidinecarboxylate ester | intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; sedative |
| atorvastatin [no description available] | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic) | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| lamivudine [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol | allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug |
| duloxetine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | duloxetine | |
| irinotecan [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| valsartan Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | biphenylyltetrazole; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| adefovir dipivoxil bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; carbonate ester; ether; organic phosphonate | antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent; prodrug |
| capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| halofuginone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | quinazolines | |
| ortho-cept ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel combination: Ethinyl Estradiol and Desogestrell given in fixed proportions; has proved to be an effective & well-tolerated oral contraceptive, which improves cycle control & has a beneficial effect on acne | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cefprozil [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| methylprednisolone aceponate methylprednisolone aceponate: RN given for (6alpha,11beta)-isomer | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| dexamethasone 17-valerate dexamethasone 17-valerate: RN given refers to (11beta,16alpha)-isomer; structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
| dexamethasone dipropionate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| 4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]phenyl]-2-phenylbut-1-enyl]phenol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor |
| doxapram hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | central nervous system stimulant |
| 1,5-anhydroglucitol 1,5-anhydroglucitol: structure. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol : An anhydro sugar of D-glucitol. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anhydro sugar | human metabolite |
| betulinic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| amprenavir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; sulfonamide; tetrahydrofuryl ester | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| 6-sulfatoxymelatonin 6-sulfatoxymelatonin: metabolite of melatonin; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetamides | |
| testosterone undecanoate [no description available] | 10.8 | 13 | 6 | steroid ester | |
| glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glutathione derivative; organic disulfide | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| iopamidol Iopamidol: A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.. iopamidol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-substituted carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and a (2S)-2-hydroxypropanamido group at the 5-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound; pentol | environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic |
| bendamustine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles | |
| erdosteine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| mizolastine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles | |
| intoplicine intoplicine: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridoindole | |
| telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl | angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | fenfluramine | appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| trenbolone acetate Trenbolone Acetate: An anabolic steroid used mainly as an anabolic agent in veterinary practice. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| 2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid | angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 5.76 | 2 | 2 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| medetomidine Medetomidine: An agonist of RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 that is used in veterinary medicine for its analgesic and sedative properties. It is the racemate of DEXMEDETOMIDINE. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | imidazoles | |
| sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aryl sulfate; pyridines | |
| dienogest [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; aliphatic nitrile; steroid hormone | progesterone receptor agonist; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| morphazinamide morphazinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd; RN in Chemline for mono-HCL: 1473-73-0; structure in Merck Index | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morpholines; pyrazines; secondary carboxamide | |
| erythromycin propionate erythromycin propionate: form in which erythromycin estolate is principally absorbed | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | erythromycin derivative | |
| dexrazoxane Dexrazoxane: The (+)-enantiomorph of razoxane. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | razoxane | antineoplastic agent; cardiovascular drug; chelator; immunosuppressive agent |
| antebate betamethasone butyrate propionate: a topical corticosteroid | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| voriconazole Voriconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that specifically inhibits STEROL 14-ALPHA-DEMETHYLASE and CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. voriconazole : A triazole-based antifungal agent used for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, and serious fungal infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum and Fusarium spp. It is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) and CYP3A4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; pyrimidines; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug | P450 inhibitor |
| cyclobutyrol cyclobutyrol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyclobutyrol : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid in which the hydroxy group is geminal to a 1-carboxypropyl group on a cyclohexane ring. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | bile therapy drug |
| terlipressin terlivaz: first FDA approved injection to improve kidney function in adults with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) with rapid reduction in kidney function. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| isoflavone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | isoflavones | |
| clevudine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines | |
| atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone | |
| rosiglitazone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones | EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug |
| flunisolide flunisolide: flunisolide HFA is a formulation of flunisolide using hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) as propellant in place of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ones | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent |
| clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| moexipril [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration. | 3.38 | 1 | 1 | amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid | fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| testosterone acetate testosterone acetate : An androstanoid that is the acetate derivative of testosterone. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid; sterol ester | human metabolite |
| lopinavir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| annatto annatto: coloring matter from seeds of Bixa orellana L., Bixaceae; contains bixin and pigments that give carotene reactions; induces hyperglycemia | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | ||
| fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist |
| sr141716 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles | anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist |
| bosentan anhydrous Bosentan: A sulfonamide and pyrimidine derivative that acts as a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used to manage PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; pyrimidines; sulfonamide | antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist |
| selenomethionine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; selenomethionine | plant metabolite |
| deoxypyridinoline deoxypyridinoline: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| perindopril Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.. perindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| fingolimod fingolimod : An aminodiol that consists of propane-1,3-diol having amino and 2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl substituents at the 2-position. It is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. A prodrug, fingolimod is phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase to active metabolite fingolimod-phosphate, a structural analogue of sphingosine 1-phosphate. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminodiol; primary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; CB1 receptor antagonist; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist |
| st 1435 [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| ecteinascidin 743 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; azaspiro compound; bridged compound; hemiaminal; isoquinoline alkaloid; lactone; organic heteropolycyclic compound; organic sulfide; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite |
| testosterone 17-glucosiduronate testosterone glucuronate: natural conjugate isolated from human plasma; RN given refers to (beta)-isomer. testosterone 17-glucosiduronic acid : A steroid glucosiduronic that is testosterone carrying a glucosiduronic acid residue at position 17. | 4.35 | 4 | 1 | 3-oxo steroid; beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; enone; steroid glucosiduronic acid | human metabolite |
| tadalafil [no description available] | 8.92 | 2 | 1 | benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| testosterone 4-n-butylcyclohexylcarboxylate testosterone 4-n-butylcyclohexylcarboxylic acid: testosterone ester which maintains serum testosterone of castrated monkeys in normal range for 4 months | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| nitisinone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione | EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor |
| marimastat marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary. marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| clofarabine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; organofluorine compound | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| mitiglinide mitiglinide: a rapid and short-acting hypoglycemic agent; acts on sulfonylurea receptor closing KATP channels; considered one of the glinides-an imprecise grouping; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid | |
| imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methanesulfonate salt | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| gefitinib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist |
| n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-n-methylcarboxamidoadenosine N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine: structure given in first source; a selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonist. 3-iodobenzyl-5'-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and one of the hydrogens of the exocyclic amino function is substituted by a 3-iodobenzyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organoiodine compound | adenosine A3 receptor agonist |
| methotrexate [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| antiprimod azaspirane: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sulbactam [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acids | |
| olmesartan medoxomil Olmesartan Medoxomil: An ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to manage HYPERTENSION. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| ilomastat CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source. ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| docetaxel [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | hydrate; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | antineoplastic agent |
| atazanavir atazanavir : A heavily substituted carbohydrazide that is an antiretroviral drug of the protease inhibitor (PI) class used to treat infection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor |
| ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound | anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite |
| cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tezosentan tezosentan: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone | antibacterial drug |
| jtt 501 JTT 501: an insulin sensitizer; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| testosterone decanoate testosterone decanoate: ester of testosterone | 2 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid | antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| dihydrotestosterone heptanoate dihydrotestosterone heptanoate: RN given refers to (5alpha,17beta)-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2,6-diaminopurines | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic | anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug |
| avasimibe [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate: Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS. | 3.34 | 1 | 1 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ropivacaine Ropivacaine: An anilide used as a long-acting local anesthetic. It has a differential blocking effect on sensory and motor neurons.. ropivacaine : The piperidinecarboxamide obtained by the formal condensation of N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline.. (S)-ropivacaine : A piperidinecarboxamide-based amide-type local anaesthetic (amide caine) in which (S)-N-propylpipecolic acid and 2,6-dimethylaniline are combined to form the amide bond. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | piperidinecarboxamide; ropivacaine | local anaesthetic |
| troleandomycin Troleandomycin: A macrolide antibiotic that is similar to ERYTHROMYCIN.. troleandomycin : A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic obtained by acetylation of the three free hydroxy groups of oleandomycin. Troleandomycin is only found in individuals that have taken the drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyketide; semisynthetic derivative | EC 1.14.13.97 (taurochenodeoxycholate 6alpha-hydroxylase) inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| deferasirox Deferasirox: A triazole and benzoate derivative that acts as a selective iron chelator. It is used in the management of chronic IRON OVERLOAD due to blood transfusion or non-transfusion dependent THALASSEMIA.. deferasirox : A member of the class of triazoles, deferasirox is 1,2,4-triazole substituted by a 4-carboxyphenyl group at position 1 and by 2-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 5. An orally active iron chelator, it is used to manage chronic iron overload in patients receiving long-term blood transfusions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; monocarboxylic acid; phenols; triazoles | iron chelator |
| tbc-11251 sitaxsentan: endothelin A receptor antagonist; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | |
| sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol | anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor |
| estradiol 3-benzoate 17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of benzoic acid with the phenolic hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol. | 3.86 | 2 | 1 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; benzoate ester | estrogen receptor agonist; xenoestrogen |
| dromostanolone propionate dromostanolone propionate: RN given refers to (2alpha,5alpha,17beta)-isomer | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid; steroid ester | antineoplastic agent |
| methandriol Methandriol: A synthetic steroid with anabolic and androgenic properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1188) | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 3-hydroxy steroid | androgen |
| norethindrone enanthate norethindrone enanthate: structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #5612 | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| nandrolone phenpropionate nandrolone phenpropionate: RN given refers to (17 beta)-isomer | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 3-phenylpropionate ester | anabolic agent; androgen |
| methenolone enanthate methenolone enanthate: for treatment of aplastic anemia; RN given refers to (5alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #5625 | 3.5 | 2 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| mibolerone mibolerone: prevents estrus in animals & prevents experimental lymphoid leukosis; minor descriptor (80-83); on-line & Index Medicus search NANDROLONE/AA (80-83); RN given refers to (7alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure. mibolerone : An androgen that is nalandrone carrying two methyl substituents at positions 7alpha and 17. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid | anabolic agent; androgen |
| methenolone acetate methenolone acetate: RN given refers to (5alpha,17beta)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #5015 | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system. | 7.02 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic | anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1-benzofurans | |
| estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent |
| metribolone Metribolone: A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.. 17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one : A synthetic non-aromatisable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo steroid; anabolic androgenic steroid | androgen |
| noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite |
| homoharringtonine Homoharringtonine: Semisynthetic derivative of harringtonine that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor and induces APOPTOSIS in tumor cells. It is used in the treatment of MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.. omacetaxine mepesuccinate : A cephalotaxine-derived alkaloid ester obtained from Cephalotaxus harringtonia; used for the treatment of chronic or accelerated phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid ester; enol ether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis.. O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist |
| bortezomib [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines | antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor |
| ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas | antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| nexavar [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organosulfonate salt | |
| glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | N-acetylneuraminic acids | antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D-glucosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
| pentostatin Pentostatin: A potent inhibitor of ADENOSINE DEAMINASE. The drug induces APOPTOSIS of LYMPHOCYTES, and is used in the treatment of many lymphoproliferative malignancies, particularly HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA. It is also synergistic with some other antineoplastic agents and has immunosuppressive activity.. pentostatin : A member of the class of coformycins that is coformycin in which the hydroxy group at position 2' is replaced with a hydrogen. It is a drug used for the treatment of hairy cell leukaemia. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | coformycins | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor |
| quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker |
| meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide | antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound | antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite |
| cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside | EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | L-asparagine derivative; quinolines | antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor |
| netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| trimethaphan camsylate trimethaphan camsylate : The (S)-camphorsulfonate salt of trimethaphan. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| metyrosine alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine : An L-tyrosine derivative that consists of L-tyrosine bearing an additional methyl substituent at position 2. An inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with pheochromocytoma. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 1.14.16.2 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) inhibitor |
| rocuronium bromide rocuronium bromide : The organic bromide salt of a 5alpha androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt | muscle relaxant; neuromuscular agent |
| erythromycin estolate Erythromycin Estolate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. It is the lauryl sulfate salt of the propionic ester of erythromycin. This erythromycin salt acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aminoglycoside sulfate salt; erythromycin derivative | enzyme inhibitor |
| terconazole terconazole: structure & RN for (cis)-isomer from first source. terconazole : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (2R,4S)- and (2S,4R)-terconazole. It has broad-spectrum antifungal activitiy and is used for the treatment of vaginal yeast infections (Candida).. (2R,4S)-terconazole : A 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine in which positions 2 and 4 of the 1,3-dioxolane moiety have R and S configuration, respectively. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 1-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)-4-isopropylpiperazine | |
| bacampicillin bacampicillin: ester prodrug that is hydrolyzed to ampicillin after its absorption from the gastrointestinal tract; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bacampicillin : A penicillanic acid ester that is the 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester of ampicillin. It is a semi-synthetic, microbiologically inactive prodrug of ampicillin. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | penicillanic acid ester | prodrug |
| cyclopamine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperidines | glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor |
| devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug |
| tolterodine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tertiary amine | antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant |
| doxorubicin hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anthracycline | |
| erythromycin ethylsuccinate Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate: A macrolide antibiotic, produced by Streptomyces erythreus. This compound is an ester of erythromycin base and succinic acid. It acts primarily as a bacteriostatic agent. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin ethylsuccinate : A erythromycin derivative that is erythromycin A in which the hydroxy group at position 3R is substituted by a (4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoyl)oxy group. It is used for the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ketone; erythromycin derivative; ethyl ester; succinate ester | |
| amcinonide amcinonide: structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; spiroketal | anti-inflammatory drug |
| betamethasone acetate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; acetate ester; fluorinated steroid; steroid ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| acarbose [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | amino cyclitol; glycoside | |
| tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate alpha-D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate : A D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate with an alpha-configuration at the anomeric position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D-fructofuranose 1,6-bisphosphate | |
| docosahexaenoate efalex: a mixture of fish oil and primrose oil; used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid fatty acid supplement. docosahexaenoic acid : Any C22 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing six double bonds.. docosahexaenoate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of docosahexaenoic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.. all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid : A docosahexaenoic acid having six cis-double bonds at positions 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 and 19. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | docosahexaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | octadec-9-enoic acid | antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent |
| tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| cerivastatin cerivastatin: cerivastatin is the ((E)-(+))-isomer; structure given in first source. cerivastatin : (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid in which the (7E)-hydrogen is substituted by a 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,6-diisopropyl-5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl group. Formerly used (as its sodium salt) to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pyridines; statin (synthetic) | |
| rosuvastatin rosuvastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-{4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl} hept-6-enoic acid carrying two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-diastereomer). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrimidines; statin (synthetic); sulfonamide | anti-inflammatory agent; antilipemic drug; cardioprotective agent; CETP inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid | anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols | anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic |
| mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol | antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | epoxide; phosphonic acids | antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor |
| zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| drf 2725 ragaglitazar: a phenoxazine analogue of phenyl propanoic acid; Ragaglitazar is a coligand of PPARalpha and PPARgamma | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; polyphenol | antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen |
| alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist |
| decitabine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | |
| teniposide [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside; cyclic acetal; furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; monosaccharide derivative; phenols; thiophenes | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor |
| cefamandole Cefamandole: Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.. cefamandole : A cephalosporin compound having (R)-mandelamido and N-methylthiotetrazole side-groups. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids | antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| rubitecan rubitecan: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; anti-HIV agent; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I inhibitor. rubitecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline that is camptothecin in which the hydrogen at position 9 has been replaced by a nitro group. It is a prodrug for 9-aminocamptothecin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin | antiinfective agent |
| riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| potassium permanganate Potassium Permanganate: Permanganic acid (HMnO4), potassium salt. A highly oxidative, water-soluble compound with purple crystals, and a sweet taste. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Information, 4th ed) | 3.34 | 1 | 1 | ||
| sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt | antacid; food anticaking agent |
| sodium acetate, anhydrous Sodium Acetate: The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug |
| ditiocarb sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| sch 22219 alclometasone dipropionate : A prednisolone compound having an alpha-chloro substituent at the 7-position, an alpha-methyl substituent at the 16-position and O-propanoyl groups at the 17- and 21-positions. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; propanoate ester; steroid ester | anti-inflammatory drug |
| carbenoxolone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| discodermolide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diterpenoid | |
| cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite |
| mezlocillin Mezlocillin: Semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin. It has been proposed for infections with certain anaerobes and may be useful in inner ear, bile, and CNS infections.. mezlocillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a (2R)-2-[3-(methanesulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| cholinophyllin [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty. | 8.38 | 12 | 7 | oligopeptide | anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist |
| fludarabine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | pyrimidinethione | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist |
| ipratropium bromide anhydrous [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| prothionamide Prothionamide: Antitubercular agent similar in action and side effects to ETHIONAMIDE. It is used mostly in combination with other agents. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyridines | |
| dienestrol Dienestrol: A synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen structurally related to stilbestrol. It is used, usually as the cream, in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal symptoms.. dienestrol : An olefinic compound that is hexa-2,4-diene substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups at positions 3 and 4 respectively. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ethyl ester; imidazoles | intravenous anaesthetic; sedative |
| mercaptopurine Mercaptopurine: An antimetabolite antineoplastic agent with immunosuppressant properties. It interferes with nucleic acid synthesis by inhibiting purine metabolism and is used, usually in combination with other drugs, in the treatment of or in remission maintenance programs for leukemia.. purine-6-thiol : A thiol that is the tautomer of mercaptopurine.. mercaptopurine : A member of the class of purines that is 6,7-dihydro-1H-purine carrying a thione group at position 6. An adenine analogue, it is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | aryl thiol; purines; thiocarbonyl compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| thiothixene [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | N-methylpiperazine | anticoronaviral agent |
| benztropine Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.. benzatropine : Tropane in which a hydrogen at position 3 is substituted by a diphenylmethoxy group (endo-isomer). An acetylcholine receptor antagonist, it is used (particularly as its methanesulphonate salt) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and to reduce parkinsonism and akathisia side effects of antipsychotic treatments. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones | antithyroid drug |
| sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide | analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent |
| capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| enclomiphene Enclomiphene: The trans or (E)-isomer of clomiphene. | 4.06 | 3 | 1 | ||
| terbinafine [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | acetylenic compound; allylamine antifungal drug; enyne; naphthalenes; tertiary amine | EC 1.14.13.132 (squalene monooxygenase) inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor |
| thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 2-aminopurines | anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| tacrine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antifungal drug; food preservative |
| D-fructopyranose [no description available] | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose | sweetening agent |
| succimer Succimer: A mercaptodicarboxylic acid used as an antidote to heavy metal poisoning because it forms strong chelates with them.. succimer : A sulfur-containing carboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing two mercapto substituents at positions 2 and 3. A lead chelator used as an antedote to lead poisoning. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dithiol; sulfur-containing carboxylic acid | chelator |
| digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope |
| streptozocin [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| tamoxifen [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | pyridines; thiocarboxamide | antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug |
| fusidic acid Fusidic Acid: An antibiotic isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). It acts by inhibiting translocation during protein synthesis.. fusidic acid : A steroid antibiotic that is isolated from the fermentation broth of Fusidium coccineum. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid; steroid antibiotic; sterol ester | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| estrone sulfate estrone sulfate: sulfoconjugated estrone; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| hmr 3647 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| toremifene Toremifene: A first generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). Like TAMOXIFEN, it is an estrogen agonist for bone tissue and cholesterol metabolism but is antagonistic on mammary and uterine tissue. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amine | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| telaprevir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines | antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic |
| dezocine dezocine: potent analgesic; RN given refers to ((5R-(5alpha,11alpha,13S*)))-isomer (dezocin); structure. dezocine : (7S,8S)-7-Amino-8-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol in which the hydrogen at position 8 and one of the hydrogens at position 6 are substituted by each end of a tetramethylene bridge. A synthetic opioid analgesic, it has mixed opiod agonist and antagonist properties. Although it is used for pain management, it can produce opioid withdrawal syndrome in patients already dependent on other opioids, and its clinical application is limited by side effects such as dizziness. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | phenols; primary amino compound | opioid analgesic |
| dapiprazole [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; pyridines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; miotic; ophthalmology drug |
| droloxifene [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| or 1259 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrazone; nitrile; pyridazinone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | steroid | estrogen |
| orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative | anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor |
| idoxifene idoxifene: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| androstane-3,17-diol glucuronide androstane-3,17-diol glucuronide: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified glucuronide locant | 2.9 | 1 | 0 | steroid ester | |
| methenolone Methenolone: A synthetic steroid that has been used for its anabolic action. | 3.8 | 3 | 0 | 3-hydroxy steroid | androgen |
| zd 6474 CH 331: structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; organobromine compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines; secondary amine | antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| silybin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. | 7.17 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | detergent; protein denaturant |
| mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant |
| 17-ketosteroids 17-Ketosteroids: Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17.. 17-oxo steroid : Any oxo steroid carrying the oxo group at position 17. | 6.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| flosequinan [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | quinolines | |
| tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols | antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor |
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol | antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene | antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A |
| alprostadil [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | prostaglandins E | anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone | geroprotector; human metabolite |
| amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic | antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite |
| clavulanic acid Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactam antibiotic produced by the actinobacterium Streptomyces clavuligerus. It is a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. Administered alone, it has only weak antibacterial activity against most organisms, but given in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics it prevents antibiotic inactivation by microbial lactamase.. clavulanate : The conjugate base of clavulanic acid.. clavulanic acid : Antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces clavuligerus. It acts as a suicide inhibitor of bacterial beta-lactamase enzymes. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | oxapenam | antibacterial drug; anxiolytic drug; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor |
| pulmicort Budesonide: A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.. budesonide : A glucocorticoid steroid having a highly oxygenated pregna-1,4-diene structure. It is used mainly in the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic acetal; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; bronchodilator agent; drug allergen |
| oxymetholone Oxymetholone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties. It is used mainly in the treatment of anemias. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002), this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). oxymetholone : A 3-oxo-5alpha- steroid that is 4,5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is substituted by a hydroxymethylidene group at position 2 and by a methyl group at the 17alpha position. A synthetic androgen, it was mainly used for the treatment of anaemias until being replaced by treatments with fewer side effects. | 5.73 | 6 | 1 | ||
| montelukast montelukast: a leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide; monocarboxylic acid; quinolines | anti-arrhythmia drug; anti-asthmatic drug; leukotriene antagonist |
| olopatadine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mycophenolate mofetil mycophenolate mofetil : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between the carboxylic acid group of mycophenolic acid and the hydroxy group of 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethanol. In the liver, it is metabolised to mycophenolic acid, an immunosuppressant for which it is a prodrug. It is widely used to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants as well as for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; ether; gamma-lactone; phenols; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug |
| bw b1090u [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| entacapone entacapone: structure given in first source. entacapone : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N,N-diethylprop-2-enamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a cyano group and the hydrogen at the 3E position is substituted by a 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; catechols; monocarboxylic acid amide; nitrile | antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor |
| astaxanthine astaxanthine: a keto form of carotene; pigment in flesh of Scottish salmon (Salmo salar) crustacoa-lobster (Homarus gammarus, flamingo feathers; structure; a carotenoid without vitamin A activity, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. astaxanthin : A carotenone that consists of beta,beta-carotene-4,4'-dione bearing two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 3' (the 3S,3'S diastereomer). A carotenoid pigment found mainly in animals (crustaceans, echinoderms) but also occurring in plants. It can occur free (as a red pigment), as an ester, or as a blue, brown or green chromoprotein. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carotenol; carotenone | animal metabolite; anticoagulant; antioxidant; food colouring; plant metabolite |
| diosmin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; glycosyloxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; rutinoside | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant |
| cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid | plant metabolite |
| sdz psc 833 valspodar: nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin analog which is a potent multidrug resistance modifier; 7-10 fold more potent than cyclosporin A; a potent P glycoprotein inhibitor; MW 1215 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | |
| coenzyme q10 coenzyme Q10: Ubiquinone ring with a chain of 10 isoprene units; redox equilibrium with ubiqunol serving in mitochondrial inner membrane to transfer electrons; presence during reconstitution of acetylcholine receptor into phospholipid vesicles yields vesicles active in catalyzing carbamylcholine-sensitive Na+ flux; coenzyme Q10 depletion has been noted with use of statins. coenzyme Q10 : A ubiquinone having a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units. In the naturally occurring isomer, all isoprenyl double bonds are in the E- configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ubiquinones | antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite |
| tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent |
| 7432 s Ceftibuten: A cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections.. ceftibuten : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a [(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-4-carboxybut-2-enoyl]amino substituent at the 7 position of the cephem skeleton. An orally-administered agent, ceftibuten is used as the dihydrate to treat urinary-tract and respiratory-tract infections. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; dicarboxylic acid | antibacterial drug |
| 11-ketotestosterone 11-ketotestosterone: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 11-oxotestosterone : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is testosterone carrying an additional oxo substituent at position 11. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 11-oxo steroid; 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid | androgen; human metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite |
| etretinate retinoid : Oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | enoate ester; ethyl ester; retinoid | keratolytic drug |
| isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | retinoic acid | antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent |
| misoprostol Misoprostol: A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.. misoprostol : A diastereoisomeric mixture composed of approximately equal amounts of a double racemate of four of the sixteen possible diastereoisomers of methyl (13E)-11,16-dihydroxy-16-methyl-9-oxoprost-13-en-1-oate that is racemic prostaglandin E1 which is lacking the hydroxy group at position 15, but which has an additional hydroxy group at position 16. It is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue, used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers. A weak abortifacient, it is also used for cervical ripening prior to surgical termination of pregnancy. The (11R,16S)-diastereoisomer is the pharmacologically active form. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| epoprostenol [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins I | mouse metabolite |
| ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cinnamic acids | |
| pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic) | antioxidant |
| betamethasone benzoate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 21-hydroxy steroid | |
| alatrofloxacin mesylate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| codeine [no description available] | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| cyclosporine ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite |
| natamycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; dicarboxylic acid monoester; epoxide; macrolide antibiotic; monosaccharide derivative; polyene antibiotic | antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative; apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; ophthalmology drug |
| acitretin Acitretin: An oral retinoid effective in the treatment of psoriasis. It is the major metabolite of ETRETINATE with the advantage of a much shorter half-life when compared with etretinate.. acitretin : A retinoid that consists of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid having a 4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl group attached at position 9. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acitretin; alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; retinoid | keratolytic drug |
| cyproterone Cyproterone: An anti-androgen that, in the form of its acetate (CYPROTERONE ACETATE), also has progestational properties. It is used in the treatment of hypersexuality in males, as a palliative in prostatic carcinoma, and, in combination with estrogen, for the therapy of severe acne and hirsutism in females. | 4.04 | 3 | 1 | 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; chlorinated steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | androgen antagonist |
| dorzolamide dorzolamide: topically effective ocular hypotensive carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; RN refers to mono-HCl (4S-trans)-isomer. dorzolamide : 5,6-Dihydro-4H-thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide 7,7-dioxide in which hydrogens at the 4 and 6 positions are substituted by ethylamino and methyl groups, respectively (4S, trans-configuration). A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, it is used as the hydrochloride in ophthalmic solutions to lower increased intraocular pressure in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | sulfonamide; thiophenes | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| dothiepin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dothiepin | |
| hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound | mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carbacephem; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent |
| nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | 4.06 | 3 | 1 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092) | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester | anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker |
| alvocidib alvocidib: structure given in first source. alvocidib : A synthetic dihydroxyflavone that is 5,7-dihydroxyflavone which is substituted by a 3-hydroxy-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl group at position 8 and by a chlorine at the 2' position (the (-)-3S,4R stereoisomer). A cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, it has been studied for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia, arthritis and atherosclerotic plaque formation. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyflavone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor |
| seocalcitol seocalcitol: structure given in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fenretinide Fenretinide: A synthetic retinoid that is used orally as a chemopreventive against prostate cancer and in women at risk of developing contralateral breast cancer. It is also effective as an antineoplastic agent.. 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide : A retinoid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of all-trans retinoic acid and the anilino group of 4-hydroxyaniline. Synthetic retinoid agonist. Antiproliferative, antioxidant and anticancer agent with a long half-life in vivo. Apoptotic effects appear to be mediated by a mechanism distinct from that of 'classical' retinoids. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; retinoid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant |
| geldanamycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor |
| calcipotriene [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanes; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; triol | antipsoriatic; drug allergen |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| demycarosylturimycin h [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| clobetasol Clobetasol: A derivative of PREDNISOLONE with high glucocorticoid activity and low mineralocorticoid activity. Absorbed through the skin faster than FLUOCINONIDE, it is used topically in treatment of PSORIASIS but may cause marked adrenocortical suppression.. clobetasol : A 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid that is 16beta-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione bearing hydroxy groups at the 11beta and 17alpha positions, fluorine at position 9, and a chlorine substituent at position 21. It is used as its 17alpha-propionate ester to treat various skin disorders, including exzema and psoriasis. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | anti-inflammatory drug; SMO receptor agonist |
| deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR. | 3.12 | 1 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide | diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist |
| fluticasone Fluticasone: A STEROID with GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR activity that is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA; ALLERGIC RHINITIS, and ATOPIC DERMATITIS.. fluticasone : A trifluorinated corticosteroid used in the form of its propionate ester for treatment of allergic rhinitis. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; corticosteroid; fluorinated steroid; thioester | anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug |
| halobetasol halobetasol: used in ointment to treat psoriasis; Ulobetasol cream contains 0.05% 6-fluoroclobetasol 17-propionate | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | corticosteroid hormone | |
| iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol | platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| latanoprost Latanoprost: A prostaglandin F analog used to treat OCULAR HYPERTENSION in patients with GLAUCOMA.. latanoprost : A prostaglandin Falpha that is the isopropyl ester prodrug of latanoprost free acid. Used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | isopropyl ester; prostaglandins Falpha; triol | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound | mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic |
| rimexolone [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 20-oxo steroid | |
| vinorelbine [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent |
| furazolidone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| semaxinib semaxanib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; oxindoles; pyrroles | angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist |
| orantinib orantinib: an antiangiogenic agent. orantinib : An oxindole that is 3-methyleneoxindole in which one of the hydrogens of the methylene group is substituted by a 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-3-yl group. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is N-isopropylindole which is substituted at position 3 by a p-fluorophenyl group and at position 2 by a 6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhex-1-en-1-yl group. It has four possible diastereoisomers. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; indoles; organofluorine compound | |
| molsidomine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| oxiconazole oxiconazole: RN given refers to parent cpd(Z)-isomer; structure given in first source. oxiconazole : An oxime O-ether that is the 2,4-dichlorobenzyl ether of the oxime obtained by formal condensation of hydroxylamine with the carbonyl group of acetopnenone in which the phenyl group is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 4, and in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by a 1H-imidazol-1-yl group. An antifungal agent, it is used (generally as the nitrate salt) in creams and powders for the topical treatment of fungal skin infections. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; dichlorobenzene; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; oxime O-ether | antiinfective agent |
| naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene | antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic |
| butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| cefixime [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dipeptide | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam | EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| ramipril Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.. ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.. quark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | azabicycloalkane; cyclopentapyrrole; dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester | bradykinin receptor B2 agonist; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; prodrug |
| indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide | HIV protease inhibitor |
| enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug |
| nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bleomycin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | bleomycin | antineoplastic agent; metabolite |
| enalaprilat anhydrous Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.. enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.. enalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; dipeptide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| imidapril imidapril: structure given in first source. imidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; imidazolidines; N-acylurea; secondary amino compound | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| sulindac sulfone sulindac sulfone: inhibits K-ras-dependent cyclooxygenase-2; sulfated analog of indomethacin;; CP248 is an antineoplastic agent that fosters microtubule depolymerization; structure in first source. sulindac sulfone : A sulfone metabolite of sulindac that inhibits cell growth by inducing apoptosis independently of cyclooxygenase inhibition. It inhibits the development and induces regression of premalignant adenomatous polyps. Lipoxygenase and Cox-2 inhibitor. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfone | apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor |
| ximelagatran ximelagatran: prodrug (via hydroxylation) of melagatran & a direct thrombin inhibitor; liver toxicity concerns so AZD0837 being developed to replace this. ximelagatran : A member of the class of azetidines that is melagatran in which the carboxylic acid group has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester and in which the amidine group has been converted into the corresponding amidoxime. A prodrug for melagatran, ximelagatran was the first orally available direct thrombin inhibitor to be brought to market as an anticoagulant, but was withdrawn in 2006 following reports of it causing liver damage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amidoxime; azetidines; carboxamide; ethyl ester; hydroxylamines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; tertiary carboxamide | anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; prodrug; serine protease inhibitor |
| cefuroxime [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin; furans; oxime O-ether | drug allergen |
| ceftriaxone [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,2,4-triazines; 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase) inhibitor |
| cefepime Cefepime: A fourth-generation cephalosporin antibacterial agent that is used in the treatment of infections, including those of the abdomen, urinary tract, respiratory tract, and skin. It is effective against PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA and may also be used in the empiric treatment of FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA.. cefepime : A cephalosporin bearing (1-methylpyrrolidinium-1-yl)methyl and (2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug |
| ceftazidime [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| trandolapril trandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide; ethyl ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary carboxamide | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug |
| ay 25,205 surfagon: potent LHRH agonist; RN given refers to (D-Ala-L-Pro)-isomer | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| guanabenz acetate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | geroprotector |
| guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| famotidine [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; guanidines; sulfonamide | anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor |
| cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether | antibacterial drug; drug allergen |
| aztreonam [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; monobactam | antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | biguanides; monochlorobenzenes | antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor |
| cci 15641 [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | |
| rifamycin sv rifamycin SV: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #8009. rifamycin SV : A member of the class of rifamycins that exhibits antibiotic and antitubercular properties. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketal; lactam; macrocycle; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol; rifamycins | antimicrobial agent; antitubercular agent; bacterial metabolite |
| cefpodoxime [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid; cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| epoprostenol sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | prostanoid | |
| pregnanediol [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ixabepilone [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; beta-hydroxy ketone; epoxide; lactam; macrocycle | antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent |
| dirithromycin [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | prodrug |
| azlocillin Azlocillin: A semisynthetic ampicillin-derived acylureido penicillin.. azlocillin : A semisynthetic penicillin having a 6beta-{(2R)-2-[(2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl)amino]-2-phenylacetyl}amino side-group. It is an antibiotic used in treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | penicillin allergen; penicillin; semisynthetic derivative | antibacterial drug |
| cefpodoxime proxetil cefpodoxime proxetil: structure given in first source; prodrug for cefpodoxime. cefpodoxime proxetil : The 1-[(isopropoxycarbonyl)oxy]ethyl (proxetil) ester prodrug of cefpodoxime. After swallowing, hydrolysis of the ester group occurs in the intestinal epithelium, to release active cefpodoxime in the bloodstream. It is used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, and sinusitis. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic acid; carboxylic ester; cephalosporin | antibacterial drug; prodrug |
| ceftizoxime [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | cephalosporin | antibacterial drug |
| dantrolene sodium dantrolene sodium (anhydrous) : The anhydrous sodium salt of dantrolene. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | nitrofuran antibiotic | |
| dantrolene [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | roxithromycin | environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| etonogestrel [no description available] | 6.14 | 3 | 1 | 17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound | contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin |
| beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol | anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent |
| lanreotide [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dutasteride Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland. | 9.31 | 9 | 8 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aza-steroid; delta-lactam | antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor |
| lu 208075 ambrisentan: an ET(A) receptor antagonist and antihypertensive agent; studied for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| acetylcarnitine O-acetyl-L-carnitine : An O-acyl-L-carnitine where the acyl group specified is acetyl. It facilitates movement of acetyl-CoA into the matrices of mammalian mitochondria during the oxidation of fatty acids. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | O-acetylcarnitine; saturated fatty acyl-L-carnitine | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nifurtoinol nifurtoinol : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group and at position 3 by a hydroxymethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent |
| fosinopril [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| eflucimibe eflucimibe: a powerful and systemic acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| etomoxir [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| pentagastrin Pentagastrin: A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| gentamicin sulfate [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tocotrienols tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | diterpenoid | |
| azd 6244 AZD 6244: a MEK inhibitor | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | benzimidazoles; bromobenzenes; hydroxamic acid ester; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor |
| vinflunine vinflunine: inhibits tubulin assembly; structure in first source. vinflunine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound and an organic heterotetracyclic compound that is vinorelbine in which the tetrahydropyridine moiety of the heterotetracyclic part of the molecule has been redced to the corresponding piperidine, and in which the ethyl group attached to this ring has been replaced by a 1,1-difluoroethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; vinca alkaloid | antineoplastic agent |
| baci-im [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide; polypeptide; zwitterion | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent |
| nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | nystatins | |
| losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| boldenone undecylenate [no description available] | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). | 3.37 | 1 | 1 | ||
| pf 03491390 [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
| amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tannins gallotannin : A class of hydrolysable tannins obtained by condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid (and its polymeric derivatives) with the hydroxy groups of a monosaccharide (most commonly glucose). | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | tannin | |
| acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ilys-prolyl-alaninamide acetyl-2-naphthylalanyl-3-chlorophenylalanyl-1-oxohexadecyl-seryl-4-aminophenylalanyl(hydroorotyl)-4-aminophenylalanyl(carbamoyl)-leucyl-ILys-prolyl-alaninamide: FE-200486 is the acetate salt | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| acyline [no description available] | 3.51 | 1 | 1 | ||
| lhrh, n-ac-2-nal(1)-4-cl-phe(2)-trp(3)-hci(6)-alanh2(10)- LHRH, N-Ac-2-Nal(1)-4-Cl-Phe(2)-Trp(3)-Hci(6)-AlaNH2(10)-: RN given refers to (D-Ala-D-Phe-D-Trp-L-Ser-L-Tyr-D-Lys-L-Leu-L-Arg-L-Pro-D-Ala)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 10/90; LHRH antagonist | 6.23 | 4 | 2 | ||
| menotropins Menotropins: Extracts of urine from menopausal women that contain high concentrations of pituitary gonadotropins, FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE and LUTEINIZING HORMONE. Menotropins are used to treat infertility. The FSH:LH ratio and degree of purity vary in different preparations. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mesna Mesna: A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | organosulfonic acid | |
| cerivastatin sodium cerivastatin sodium : The sodium salt of cerivastatin. Formerly used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease, it was withdrawn from the market worldwide in 2001 following reports of a severe form of muscle toxicity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; statin (synthetic) | |
| cefamandole nafate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | antibacterial drug; prodrug |
| monensin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxacillin sodium [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | |
| sodium diatrizoate histopaque: used for separating mononuclear & other cells. sodium amidotrizoate : The sodium salt of a benzoic acid having iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and acetamido substituents at the 3- and 5-positions. It is used, often as a mixture with the meglumine salt, as an X-ray contrast medium in gastrointestinal studies, angiography, and urography. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt; organoiodine compound | radioopaque medium |
| dienestrol diacetate dienestrol diacetate: a derivative of the synthetic non-steroid phenolic compound, DIENESTROL, which exhibits estrogenic activities | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| trelstar Triptorelin Pamoate: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-tryptophan substitution at residue 6. | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | ||
| nafarelin Nafarelin: A potent synthetic agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine substitution at residue 6. Nafarelin has been used in the treatments of central PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY and ENDOMETRIOSIS.. nafarelin : An oligopeptide comprising of 5-oxo-L-proline, L-histidine, L-tryptophan, L-serine, L-tyrosine, 3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine, L-leucine, L-arginine and L-prolylglycinamide residues joined sequence by peptide linkages. It is a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist that is used to treat central precocious puberty in children and endometriosis in women. | 4.28 | 4 | 1 | oligopeptide | anti-estrogen; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist |
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent |
| tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist |
| piroxicam [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor |
| meclocycline [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mobic Meloxicam: A benzothiazine and thiazole derivative that acts as a NSAID and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; and ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS.. meloxicam : A benzothiazine that is piroxicam in which the pyridin-2-yl group is replaced by a 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and selective inhibitor of COX-2, it is used particularly for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide | analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| phenprocoumon Phenprocoumon: Coumarin derivative that acts as a long acting oral anticoagulant.. phenprocoumon : A hydroxycoumarin that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenylpropyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydroxycoumarin | anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor |
| rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lornoxicam lornoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 6-chloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain, primarily resulting from inflammatory diseases of the joints, osteoarthritis, surgery, sciatica and other inflammations. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyridines; thienothiazine | antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ajmaline [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| kiss1 protein, human Kisspeptins: Intercellular signaling peptides that were originally characterized by their ability to suppress NEOPLASM METASTASIS. Kisspeptins have since been found to play an important role in the neuroendocrine regulation of REPRODUCTION. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| norgestrel Norgestrel: A synthetic progestational agent with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE. This racemic or (+-)-form has about half the potency of the levo form (LEVONORGESTREL). Norgestrel is used as a contraceptive, ovulation inhibitor, and for the control of menstrual disorders and endometriosis. | 3.34 | 1 | 1 | ||
| cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol | antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antimetabolite; antiviral drug |
| inosine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160) | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion | angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound | adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic |
| dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dacarbazine | |
| didanosine Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor; geroprotector; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| ganciclovir [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine | antiinfective agent; antiviral drug |
| valacyclovir Valacyclovir: A prodrug of acyclovir that is used in the treatment of HERPES ZOSTER and HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION of the skin and mucous membranes, including GENITAL HERPES. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | L-valyl ester | antiviral drug |
| sildenafil sildenafil : A pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one having a methyl substituent at the 1-position, a propyl substituent at the 3-position and a 2-ethoxy-5-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl]phenyl group at the 5-position. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | piperazines; pyrazolopyrimidine; sulfonamide | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine | antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| penciclovir penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; propane-1,3-diols | antiviral drug |
| oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolopyrimidine | drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor |
| raltitrexed [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | N-acyl-amino acid | |
| allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
| leucovorin 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : A formyltetrahydrofolic acid in which the formyl group is located at position 5. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | formyltetrahydrofolic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| alanosine [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer |
| sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil. | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | citrate salt | EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| rifabutin [no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adverse Drug Event [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Hypergonadotropic Hypogonadism [description not available] | 0 | 16.21 | 107 | 38 |
| Hypogonadism Condition resulting from deficient gonadal functions, such as GAMETOGENESIS and the production of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. It is characterized by delay in GROWTH, germ cell maturation, and development of secondary sex characteristics. Hypogonadism can be due to a deficiency of GONADOTROPINS (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism) or due to primary gonadal failure (hypergonadotropic hypogonadism). | 1 | 20.91 | 214 | 76 |
| Adenohypophyseal Hyposecretion [description not available] | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
| Central Hypothyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 3.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 4.75 | 2 | 1 |
| Adolescent Coxa Vara [description not available] | 0 | 3.23 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypopituitarism Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions. | 0 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction. | 0 | 3.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 4.75 | 2 | 1 |
| Delayed Puberty [description not available] | 0 | 6.87 | 11 | 1 |
| Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.59 | 1 | 1 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 4.04 | 2 | 1 |
| Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available] | 0 | 4.9 | 8 | 1 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 4.04 | 2 | 1 |
| Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both. | 0 | 9.9 | 8 | 1 |
| Menopause, Premature The premature cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) when the last menstrual period occurs in a woman under the age of 40. It is due to the depletion of OVARIAN FOLLICLES. Premature MENOPAUSE can be caused by diseases; OVARIECTOMY; RADIATION; chemicals; and chromosomal abnormalities. | 0 | 6.47 | 3 | 2 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 3.31 | 6 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Cryptorchidism [description not available] | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.45 | 5 | 1 |
| Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading. | 0 | 10.45 | 5 | 1 |
| Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.). | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders. | 0 | 3.89 | 2 | 1 |
| Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available] | 0 | 5.45 | 8 | 2 |
| Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis. | 0 | 10.45 | 8 | 2 |
| Fatigue, Mental [description not available] | 0 | 4.45 | 1 | 1 |
| Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY. | 0 | 4.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. | 0 | 4.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 5.59 | 3 | 2 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 1 | 9.23 | 6 | 4 |
| Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. | 0 | 6.58 | 5 | 4 |
| Chemical Dependence [description not available] | 0 | 4.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Phlebitis, Sagittal Sinus, Septic [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Brachial Paresis [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse. | 0 | 4.05 | 5 | 0 |
| Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Lassitude [description not available] | 0 | 5.82 | 2 | 2 |
| Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. | 0 | 5.82 | 2 | 2 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 5.07 | 7 | 0 |
| Multiple Primary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 5.07 | 7 | 0 |
| Genetic Predisposition [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Sterility, Male [description not available] | 0 | 4.52 | 9 | 0 |
| Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility. | 0 | 4.52 | 9 | 0 |
| Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. | 0 | 2.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Hashimoto Disease Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by the presence of high serum thyroid AUTOANTIBODIES; GOITER; and HYPOTHYROIDISM. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 6.14 | 4 | 1 |
| Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 1 | 1 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 11.88 | 24 | 14 |
| Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 3.48 | 1 | 1 |
| Familial Precocious Puberty [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Hypospadias A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA. | 0 | 11.84 | 9 | 3 |
| Puberty, Precocious Development of SEXUAL MATURATION in boys and girls at a chronological age that is 2.5 standard deviations below the mean age at onset of PUBERTY in the population. This early maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in sexual precocity, elevated serum levels of GONADOTROPINS and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES such as ESTRADIOL and TESTOSTERONE. | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 7.25 | 23 | 5 |
| Hypospermatogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 17.2 | 76 | 58 |
| Azoospermia A condition of having no sperm present in the ejaculate (SEMEN). | 0 | 4.17 | 3 | 0 |
| Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles. | 0 | 3.48 | 1 | 1 |
| Anosmic Hypogonadism [description not available] | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Kallmann Syndrome A genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by hypothalamic GNRH deficiency and OLFACTORY NERVE defects. It is characterized by congenital HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM and ANOSMIA, possibly with additional midline defects. It can be transmitted as an X-linked (GENETIC DISEASES, X-LINKED), an autosomal dominant, or an autosomal recessive trait. | 0 | 2.45 | 2 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Disorders, Sex Chromosome [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Child Development Deviations [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| XYY Karyotype Abnormal genetic constitution in males characterized by an extra Y chromosome. | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed) | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Nycturia [description not available] | 0 | 3.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Nocturia Frequent URINATION at night that interrupts sleep. It is often associated with outflow obstruction, DIABETES MELLITUS, or bladder inflammation (CYSTITIS). | 0 | 3.5 | 1 | 1 |
| Cochlear Hearing Loss [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Erythrocytosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.73 | 3 | 0 |
| Hearing Loss, Sensorineural Hearing loss resulting from damage to the COCHLEA and the sensorineural elements which lie internally beyond the oval and round windows. These elements include the AUDITORY NERVE and its connections in the BRAINSTEM. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM. | 0 | 3.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Hyperprolactinaemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperprolactinemia Increased levels of PROLACTIN in the BLOOD, which may be associated with AMENORRHEA and GALACTORRHEA. Relatively common etiologies include PROLACTINOMA, medication effect, KIDNEY FAILURE, granulomatous diseases of the PITUITARY GLAND, and disorders which interfere with the hypothalamic inhibition of prolactin release. Ectopic (non-pituitary) production of prolactin may also occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp77-8) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Diseases, Metabolic [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 10.77 | 17 | 6 |
| Cutaneous Fistula An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body. | 0 | 3.53 | 1 | 1 |
| Urinary Fistula An abnormal passage in any part of the URINARY TRACT between itself or with other organs. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 1 |
| Dehiscence, Surgical Wound [description not available] | 0 | 3.53 | 1 | 1 |
| Acne [description not available] | 0 | 4.63 | 6 | 1 |
| Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors. | 0 | 4.63 | 6 | 1 |
| Urination Disorders Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 4.67 | 3 | 2 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 4.67 | 3 | 2 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| 48,XXYY Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 7.8 | 16 | 2 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Klinefelter Syndrome A form of male HYPOGONADISM, characterized by the presence of an extra X CHROMOSOME, small TESTES, seminiferous tubule dysgenesis, elevated levels of GONADOTROPINS, low serum TESTOSTERONE, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE). Patients tend to have long legs and a slim, tall stature. GYNECOMASTIA is present in many of the patients. The classic form has the karyotype 47,XXY. Several karyotype variants include 48,XXYY; 48,XXXY; 49,XXXXY, and mosaic patterns ( 46,XY/47,XXY; 47,XXY/48,XXXY, etc.). | 0 | 7.8 | 16 | 2 |
| Bertielliasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates). | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Impotence [description not available] | 0 | 12.68 | 17 | 4 |
| Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction. | 0 | 7.68 | 17 | 4 |
| Abnormalities, Sex Chromosome [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Sex Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 2.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female. | 0 | 2.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Labhart-Willi Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Prader-Willi Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229) | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| 46,XX Gonadal Dysgenesis, Complete, Sry-Positive [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Stunted Growth [description not available] | 0 | 5.99 | 10 | 1 |
| Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth. | 0 | 5.99 | 10 | 1 |
| Amphetamine Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Cocaine Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Pyrexia [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Multiple [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Rhabdomyolysis Necrosis or disintegration of skeletal muscle often followed by myoglobinuria. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Joint Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Arthralgia Pain in the joint. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 4.31 | 1 | 1 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 2 | 1 |
| Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Cryoglobulinemia A condition characterized by the presence of abnormal quantities of CRYOGLOBULINS in the blood. Upon cold exposure, these abnormal proteins precipitate into the microvasculature leading to restricted blood flow in the exposed areas. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Diseases Pathological processes of the BREAST. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries. | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 1.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Menopause The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age. | 0 | 5.18 | 4 | 1 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Intestines [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukocytopenia [description not available] | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Kahler Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES. | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000). | 0 | 1.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 7.34 | 2 | 0 |
| Sexual and Gender Disorders Mental disorders related to sexual dysfunction, paraphilias, and gender identity disorders. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 7.44 | 4 | 4 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 8.49 | 9 | 6 |
| Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA. | 1 | 9.44 | 4 | 4 |
| Muscular Weakness [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Hand-Schu00FCller-Christian Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Milk-Alkali Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Froehlich's Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Insipidus A disease that is characterized by frequent urination, excretion of large amounts of dilute URINE, and excessive THIRST. Etiologies of diabetes insipidus include deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (also known as ADH or VASOPRESSIN) secreted by the NEUROHYPOPHYSIS, impaired KIDNEY response to ADH, and impaired hypothalamic regulation of thirst. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypercalcemia Abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Weakness A vague complaint of debility, fatigue, or exhaustion attributable to weakness of various muscles. The weakness can be characterized as subacute or chronic, often progressive, and is a manifestation of many muscle and neuromuscular diseases. (From Wyngaarden et al., Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p2251) | 0 | 2.93 | 1 | 0 |
| Frigidity [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994) | 0 | 3.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 7.45 | 4 | 4 |
| Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions. | 0 | 7.45 | 4 | 4 |
| Thalassemias [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Thalassemia A group of hereditary hemolytic anemias in which there is decreased synthesis of one or more hemoglobin polypeptide chains. There are several genetic types with clinical pictures ranging from barely detectable hematologic abnormality to severe and fatal anemia. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Hepatocellular [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer, Male [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms, Male Any neoplasms of the male breast. These occur infrequently in males in developed countries, the incidence being about 1% of that in females. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY. | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5) | 0 | 3.41 | 1 | 1 |
| Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 2.42 | 2 | 0 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Priapism A prolonged painful erection that may lasts hours and is not associated with sexual activity. It is seen in patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, advanced malignancy, spinal trauma; and certain drug treatments. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46, XX [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Ambiguous Genitalia [description not available] | 0 | 4.4 | 8 | 0 |
| Gonadal Dysgenesis, Mixed A type of defective gonadal development in patients with a wide spectrum of chromosomal mosaic variants. Their karyotypes are of partial sex chromosome monosomy resulting from an absence or an abnormal second sex chromosome (X or Y). Karyotypes include 45,X/46,XX; 45,X/46,XX/47,XXX; 46,XXp-; 45,X/46,XY; 45,X/47,XYY; 46,XYpi; etc. The spectrum of phenotypes may range from phenotypic female to phenotypic male including variations in gonads and internal and external genitalia, depending on the ratio in each gonad of 45,X primordial germ cells to those with normal 46,XX or 46,XY constitution. | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Disorders of Sex Development In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included. | 0 | 4.4 | 8 | 0 |
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Artery Stenosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Auricular Fibrillation [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Testis [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer, Second Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available] | 0 | 2.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395) | 0 | 2.95 | 1 | 0 |
| HIV Coinfection [description not available] | 0 | 4.75 | 2 | 1 |
| HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). | 0 | 4.75 | 2 | 1 |
| Weight Reduction [description not available] | 0 | 5.28 | 2 | 2 |
| HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2. | 0 | 4.34 | 1 | 1 |
| Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT. | 1 | 7.28 | 2 | 2 |
| Adolescent Gynecomastia [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Gynecomastia Enlargement of the BREAST in the males, caused by an excess of ESTROGENS. Physiological gynecomastia is normally observed in NEWBORNS; ADOLESCENT; and AGING males. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hypoplastic [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Gonadal Agenesis The complete failure of gonadal development. | 0 | 3.29 | 2 | 0 |
| Vulvar Diseases Pathological processes of the VULVA. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia, Aplastic A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. | 0 | 2.88 | 4 | 0 |
| Liver Dysfunction [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN. | 0 | 3.75 | 2 | 1 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 1.95 | 1 | 0 |
| Peliosis Hepatis A vascular disease of the LIVER characterized by the occurrence of multiple blood-filled CYSTS or cavities. The cysts are lined with ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; the cavities lined with hepatic parenchymal cells (HEPATOCYTES). Peliosis hepatis has been associated with use of anabolic steroids (ANABOLIC AGENTS) and certain drugs. | 0 | 7.36 | 2 | 0 |
| Disgerminoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Dysgerminoma A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Bleeding [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Delusional Disorder Disorder with presentation of a facade of coldness with characteristic pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Autotomy Human [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS). | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| AIDS Wasting Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 5.22 | 4 | 3 |
| HIV Wasting Syndrome Involuntary weight loss of greater than 10 percent associated with intermittent or constant fever and chronic diarrhea or fatigue for more than 30 days in the absence of a defined cause other than HIV infection. A constant feature is major muscle wasting with scattered myofiber degeneration. A variety of etiologies, which vary among patients, contributes to this syndrome. (From Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed, p1611). | 1 | 7.22 | 4 | 3 |
| Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA). | 0 | 4.71 | 2 | 1 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Nutritional Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Nutrition Disorders Disorders caused by nutritional imbalance, either overnutrition or undernutrition. | 0 | 3.3 | 2 | 0 |
| Atrophy, Muscle [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemic Infiltration A pathologic change in leukemia in which leukemic cells permeate various organs at any stage of the disease. All types of leukemia show various degrees of infiltration, depending upon the type of leukemia. The degree of infiltration may vary from site to site. The liver and spleen are common sites of infiltration, the greatest appearing in myelocytic leukemia, but infiltration is seen also in the granulocytic and lymphocytic types. The kidney is also a common site and of the gastrointestinal system, the stomach and ileum are commonly involved. In lymphocytic leukemia the skin is often infiltrated. The central nervous system too is a common site. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Radiation [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Testicular Diseases Pathological processes of the TESTIS. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Separation Anxiety Disorder [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Anxiety, Separation Anxiety experienced by an individual upon separation from a person or object of particular significance to the individual. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Depression, Endogenous [description not available] | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent. | 0 | 3.39 | 1 | 1 |
| Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 2.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hangman Fracture [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Fractures Broken bones in the vertebral column. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronze Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemochromatosis A disorder of iron metabolism characterized by a triad of HEMOSIDEROSIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and DIABETES MELLITUS. It is caused by massive iron deposits in parenchymal cells that may develop after a prolonged increase of iron absorption. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Syndromes & Eponymic Diseases, 2d ed) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pituitary [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Gigantism The condition of accelerated and excessive GROWTH in children or adolescents who are exposed to excess HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE before the closure of EPIPHYSES. It is usually caused by somatotroph hyperplasia or a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. These patients are of abnormally tall stature, more than 3 standard deviations above normal mean height for age. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Marasmus [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Protein-Energy Malnutrition The lack of sufficient energy or protein to meet the body's metabolic demands, as a result of either an inadequate dietary intake of protein, intake of poor quality dietary protein, increased demands due to disease, or increased nutrient losses. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Myotonic Dystrophy Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2. | 0 | 3.36 | 1 | 1 |
| Alport Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Nephritis, Hereditary A group of inherited conditions characterized initially by HEMATURIA and slowly progressing to RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. The most common form is the Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis with HEARING LOSS) which is caused by mutations in genes for TYPE IV COLLAGEN and defective GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Factor 11 [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital A group of inherited disorders of the ADRENAL GLANDS, caused by enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol (HYDROCORTISONE) and/or ALDOSTERONE leading to accumulation of precursors for ANDROGENS. Depending on the hormone imbalance, congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be classified as salt-wasting, hypertensive, virilizing, or feminizing. Defects in STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 11-BETA-HYDROXYLASE; STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE; 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASES); TESTOSTERONE 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE; or steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; among others, underlie these disorders. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Urethral Diseases Pathological processes involving the URETHRA. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Epispadias A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is above its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the top or the side of the PENIS, but the urethra can also be open the entire length of the penis. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is often between the CLITORIS and the labia, or in the ABDOMEN. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Refractory Anemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Leucocythaemia [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia, Refractory A severe sometimes chronic anemia, usually macrocytic in type, that does not respond to ordinary antianemic therapy. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Embolism and Thrombosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Diseases in Twins Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Coloboma Congenital anomaly in which some of the structures of the eye are absent due to incomplete fusion of the fetal intraocular fissure during gestation. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Respiratory System [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Ductus Arteriosus, Patent A congenital heart defect characterized by the persistent opening of fetal DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS that connects the PULMONARY ARTERY to the descending aorta (AORTA, DESCENDING) allowing unoxygenated blood to bypass the lung and flow to the PLACENTA. Normally, the ductus is closed shortly after birth. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Anemia, Hypochromic Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393) | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |