lupeol profile

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	259846
CHEMBL ID	289191
CHEBI ID	6570
SCHEMBL ID	148518
MeSH ID	M0056002

Synonym
fagarasterol
clerodol
.beta.-viscol
nsc-90487
triterpene lupeol
lup-20(29)-en-3.beta.-ol
NCI60_042005
(3-beta)-lup-20(29)-en-3-ol
einecs 208-889-9
lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, (3-beta)-
lup-20(29)-en-3-beta-ol
lup-20(29)-en-3beta-ol
nsc 90487
lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, (3beta)-
beta-viscol
C08628
545-47-1
lupeol ,
lupenol
monogynol b
fagarsterol
NSC90487 ,
farganasterol
lupeol, >=94%
LMPR0106130001
CHEMBL289191
chebi:6570 ,
(1r,3ar,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,11ar,11br,13ar,13br)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol
(+)-lupeol
(3beta)-lup-20(29)-en-3-ol
S3614
AKOS016008524
hsdb 7687
unii-o268w13h3o
o268w13h3o ,
bdbm50377927
(3-.beta.)-lup-20(29)-en-3-ol
lupeol [hsdb]
lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, (3-.beta.)-
lupeol [mi]
lupeol [inci]
lup-20(29)-en-3-.beta.-ol
3.beta.-hydroxylup-20(29)-ene
lupeol, (+)-
SCHEMBL148518
Q-100615
(1r,3ar,5ar,5br,7ar,9s,11ar,11br,13ar,13br)-1-isopropenyl-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol
CS-7563
20(29)-lupen-3beta-ol
mfcd00017351
lup-20(29)-en-3b-ol
(3b,13\|i)-lup-20(29)-en-3-ol
lupeol, analytical standard
lup-20(29)-en-3-ol, (3b)-
HY-N0790
DB12622
DS-3391
Q409366
CCG-268968
3beta-lup-20(29)-en-3-ol
DTXSID901025006
L0321
3beta-hydroxylup-20(29)-ene

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Lupeol is a lupane-type triterpene isolated from Sorbus commixta, an oriental medicine used to treat arthritis and inflammatory diseases. "	( Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo. Im, NK; Jeong, GS; Lee, DS; Lee, SR, 2016)	3.32
"Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpene with known anti-inflammatory effects. "	( Intravitreal lupeol: A new potential therapeutic strategy for noninfectious uveitis. Castro, BFM; Cenachi, SPF; Fialho, SL; Paiva, MRB; Pereira, VV; Silva-Cunha, A; Toledo, CR; Vasconcelos-Santos, DV, 2021)	2.43
"Lupeol (LUP) is a triterpenoid-type phytochemical possessing a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, including a potent anticancer effect against several neoplasms (e.g., colorectal, lung, and liver)."	( Investigation of Lupeol as Anti-Melanoma Agent: An In Vitro-In Ovo Perspective. Avram, S; Bociort, F; Dehelean, CA; Grosu, C; Macasoi, IG; Marcovici, I; Motoc, A; Petean, C; Pinzaru, I, 2021)	1.68
"Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and has many biological functions."	( A Triterpenoid Lupeol as an Antioxidant and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Agent: Impacts on Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease. Ahmad, R; Choe, K; Kim, MO; Lee, HJ; Park, JS; Rehman, IU, 2023)	1.98
"Lupeol is a pharmacologically active triterpene having anticancer effects."	( Lupeol, an androgen receptor inhibitor, enhances the chemosensitivity of prostate cancer stem cells to antiandrogen enzalutamide-based therapy. Akhtar, K; Jameel, M; Khan, MA; Maurya, SK; Siddique, HR; Singh, D; Singh, S, 2023)	3.07
"Lupeol is a natural triterpenoid that widely exists in edible fruits and vegetables, and medicinal plants. "	( Lupeol and its derivatives as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy. Chen, H; Deng, M; Li, X; Liu, K; Long, J; Luo, J; Song, J; Xie, L; Zhang, X, 2021)	3.51
"Lupeol is a natural compound, which has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in liver disease."	( Lupeol ameliorates LPS/D-GalN induced acute hepatic damage by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress through TGFβ1-Nrf2 signal pathway. Chen, L; Chen, Y; Gao, L; Huang, S; Lai, Y; Lv, Z; Mo, C; Wang, Y; Xie, S; Zeng, T; Zhou, C, 2021)	2.79
"Lupeol is a natural triterpenoid found in many plant species such as mango. "	( In Silico Prediction of the Toxic Potential of Lupeol. Cháirez-Ramírez, MH; Flores-Mireles, AL; Gallegos-Infante, JA; González-Laredo, RF; Ruiz-Rodríguez, MA; Vedani, A, 2017)	2.15
"Lupeol is a triterpene with various pharmacological properties. "	( Lupeol supplementation improves the developmental competence of bovine embryos in vitro. Chowdhury, MMR; Jafri, L; Jung, EH; Khan Khalil, AA; Khan, I; Kim, JB; Kong, IK; Mesalam, A; Mirza, B; Song, SH; Zhang, S, 2018)	3.37
"Lupeol is a dietary triterpenoid and has shown its anticancer efficacy against various cancer types with selectivity in targeting cancer cells."	( Lupeol induces S-phase arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Prasad, N; Sabarwal, A; Singh, RP; Yadav, UCS, 2018)	2.64
"Lupeol is a pentacyclic triterpene that shows a variety of pharmacological properties. "	( Improving lupeol production in yeast by recruiting pathway genes from different organisms. Li, C; Liang, Q; Mosongo, I; Qiao, W; Zhang, Y; Zhou, Z, 2019)	2.36
"Lupeol is a dietary triterpene that has demonstrated biological activities as antioxidant."	( Lupeol inhibits LPS-induced neuroinflammation in cerebellar cultures and induces neuroprotection associated to the modulation of astrocyte response and expression of neurotrophic and inflammatory factors. Costa, SL; da Silva, VDA; de Amorim, VCM; do Nascimento, RP; Oliveira-Junior, MS; Pereira, EP; Reis, LTC, 2019)	2.68
"Lupeol is a naturally available triterpenoid with selective anticancerous potential on various human cancer cells. "	( A novel mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis induced by lupeol via Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibition and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta reactivation. He, W; Peng, Y; Qiu, Z; Tu, Y; Zhang, L, 2015)	2.09
"Lupeol is a triterpenoid commonly found in fruits and vegetables and is known to exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antiinflammatory and anti-cancer effects. "	( Lupeol Protects Against Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Mice. Bae, GS; Choi, SB; Jo, IJ; Kim, DG; Kim, MJ; Lee, SK; Park, SJ; Shin, JY; Song, HJ, 2015)	3.3
"Lupeol is a phytochemical that has been found to induce apoptosis in different cancer types through the extrinsic pathway."	( CDKN2A-p53 mediated antitumor effect of Lupeol in head and neck cancer. Alam, N; Banerjee, S; Bhattacharyya, S; Bhowmick, AK; Biswas, J; Majumder, B; Majumder, PK; Mandal, GK; Mehrotra, DG; Murmu, N; Sekar, V, 2017)	1.44
"Lupeol is a naturally occuring triterpene isolated from Crataeva nurvala stem bark, and its ester lupeol linoleate was synthesized."	( Anticomplement activity of triterpenes from Crataeva nurvala stem bark in adjuvant arthritis in rats. Geetha, T; Varalakshmi, P, 1999)	1.02

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Lupeol has anticancer activity despite itspoor solubility in water and is toxic effect on normal tissue."	( Lupeol-Loaded Nanoparticles Enhance the Radiosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting the Hyperactivation in Raf/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Phospatidylinositol-3 Kinase/mTOR Pathways. Liu, C; Tang, X; Wang, Q; Xie, Y; Zhou, S, 2021)	2.79
"Lupeol has recently been considered an important prospective therapeutic agent due to its low toxicity and enhanced biological efficacy."	( Implication of Lupeol in compensating Sorafenib-induced perturbations of redox homeostasis: A preclinical study in mouse model. Akhtar, K; Ansari, MA; Fatma, H; Jameel, M; Siddique, HR, 2023)	1.98
"Lupeol has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities in many diseases, but its potential effects in cerebral ischemia injury have not been studied to date. "	( Beneficial consequences of Lupeol on middle cerebral artery-induced cerebral ischemia in the rat involves Nrf2 and P38 MAPK modulation. Hao, J; Jiang, Q; Li, Z; Lin, K; Liu, W; Mao, Z; Tong, H; Wang, D; Wang, Z; Xu, C; Yin, T; Zhang, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, Z, 2020)	2.3
"Lupeol has been reported to possess different biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and in vitro wound healing properties, which motivated us to proceed with in vivo studies."	( From Inflammation to Cutaneous Repair: Topical Application of Lupeol Improves Skin Wound Healing in Rats by Modulating the Cytokine Levels, NF-κB, Ki-67, Growth Factor Expression, and Distribution of Collagen Fibers. Alberto Hussni, C; Augusto Bérgamo, D; Helena Pellizzon, C; Henrique Nóbrega, R; John Jackson, C; Kiomi Takahira, R; Leite Rozza, A; Lemos de Azevedo Maia, G; Luísa Bérgamo, P; Monteiro Martinez, ER; Oliveira de Souza, M; Pereira Beserra, F; Sérgio Gushiken, LF; Vieira, AJ, 2020)	1.52
"Lupeol has been reported to participate in the pathophysiologic properties of various cancers, including OS."	( Lupeol inhibits osteosarcoma progression by up-regulation of HMGA2 via regulating miR-212-3p. Guo, Z; He, C; Li, Y; Liao, J; Liu, L; Wang, Y; Xu, F; Xu, M; Xu, X; Zhong, J, 2020)	2.72
"Lupeol has been shown with anti-inflammation and antitumor capability, however, the poor bioavailability limiting its applications in living subjects. "	( Lupeol acetate ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis and osteoclastogenesis of mice through improvement of microenvironment. Chen, CH; Chen, WK; Chuang, HY; Hwang, JJ; Wang, WH, 2016)	3.32
"Lupeol has been found to be pharmacologically effective in treating various diseases under preclinical settings (in animal models) irrespective of varying routes of administration viz; topical, oral, intra-peritoneal and intravenous."	( Beneficial health effects of lupeol triterpene: a review of preclinical studies. Saleem, M; Siddique, HR, 2011)	1.38
"Lupeol has been reported to possess a wide range of medicinal properties that include strong antioxidant, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects."	( Lupeol modulates NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt pathways and inhibits skin cancer in CD-1 mice. Adhami, VM; Afaq, F; Mukhtar, H; Saleem, M, 2004)	2.49
"Lupeol has been shown to possess antiarthritic activity through possible suppression of the immune system. "	( Suppression of T lymphocyte activity by lupeol isolated from Crataeva religiosa. Ahmad, SF; Bani, S; Gupta, BD; Kaul, A; Khan, B; Qazi, GN; Satti, NK; Suri, KA, 2006)	2.04

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Lupeol could also inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of RB cells, with increased Bax level and decreased Ki67, survivin and Bcl-2 levels."	( Lupeol induces autophagy and apoptosis with reduced cancer stem-like properties in retinoblastoma via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition. Che, S; Wu, S; Yu, P, 2022)	2.89
"Lupeol was found to inhibit the invasion of MDA-MB-231 in the cell adhesion assay, transwell test and wound healing assay."	( [Effect of lupeol on migration and invasion of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and its mechanism]. Cui, HX; Li, G; Liu, JC; Sun, C; Wang, HL; Wang, M; Wang, YC; Xia, CH, 2016)	1.55
"Lupeol could also inhibit the mTOR/ PI3K/AKT signalling pathway."	( Lupeol triterpene exhibits potent antitumor effects in A427 human lung carcinoma cells via mitochondrial mediated apoptosis, ROS generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and downregulation of m-TOR/PI3Ksol;AKT signalling pathway. He, W; Li, X; Xia, S, )	2.3
"Lupeol was unable to inhibit the increased MMP-9 and COX-2 expression in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-treated cells, but was rather found to synergize with PMA to induce both biomarkers' expression."	( MT1-MMP expression level status dictates the in vitro action of lupeol on inflammatory biomarkers MMP-9 and COX-2 in medulloblastoma cells. Annabi, B; Béliveau, R; Vaillancourt-Jean, E, 2013)	1.35
"Lupeol and betulin suppress superoxide generation by preventing tyrosyl phosphorylation of a 45.0-kDa protein in human neutrophils, and may have pharmaceutical applications."	( Effect of three triterpenoids, lupeol, betulin, and betulinic acid on the stimulus-induced superoxide generation and tyrosyl phosphorylation of proteins in human neutrophils. Chen, G; Kodama, H; Lu, H; Lu, J; Manabe, M; Sagara, Y; Yamashita, K; Yokoyama, T, 2002)	2.04

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Lupeol treatment reversed TBI-induced behavioral and memory disturbances."	( Lupeol Treatment Attenuates Activation of Glial Cells and Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Neuropathology in Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Ahmad, R; Khan, A; Khan, I; Kim, MO; Lee, HJ; Rehman, IU, 2022)	2.89
"Lupeol treatment also reversed the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) as well as attenuated the NF-κB mediated inflammatory and extrinsic apoptotic pathway."	( Amelioration of oxidative stress mediated inflammation and apoptosis in pancreatic islets by Lupeol in STZ-induced hyperglycaemic mice. Bagchi, A; Biswas, S; Brahmachari, G; Das, AK; Ghosh, S; Hossain, U; Mandal, B; Mandal, M; Sil, PC, 2022)	1.66
"Lupeol treatment down-regulated the expression of oxidative stress and inflammation factors."	( Beneficial consequences of Lupeol on middle cerebral artery-induced cerebral ischemia in the rat involves Nrf2 and P38 MAPK modulation. Hao, J; Jiang, Q; Li, Z; Lin, K; Liu, W; Mao, Z; Tong, H; Wang, D; Wang, Z; Xu, C; Yin, T; Zhang, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, Z, 2020)	1.58
"Lupeol treatment caused a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1β, and IL-6) and gene and protein NF-κB expression, and positively altered IL-10 levels, showing anti-inflammatory effects in the three treatment periods."	( From Inflammation to Cutaneous Repair: Topical Application of Lupeol Improves Skin Wound Healing in Rats by Modulating the Cytokine Levels, NF-κB, Ki-67, Growth Factor Expression, and Distribution of Collagen Fibers. Alberto Hussni, C; Augusto Bérgamo, D; Helena Pellizzon, C; Henrique Nóbrega, R; John Jackson, C; Kiomi Takahira, R; Leite Rozza, A; Lemos de Azevedo Maia, G; Luísa Bérgamo, P; Monteiro Martinez, ER; Oliveira de Souza, M; Pereira Beserra, F; Sérgio Gushiken, LF; Vieira, AJ, 2020)	1.52
"Lupeol treatment also inhibits LiCl-induced activation of Wnt signaling pathway and exerts the in vitro anti-invasive activity in Huh-7 cells."	( A novel mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma cell apoptosis induced by lupeol via Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibition and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta reactivation. He, W; Peng, Y; Qiu, Z; Tu, Y; Zhang, L, 2015)	1.37
"Lupeol alone treatment of cells caused (a) decrease in proliferation, (b) induction of caspase-8 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, and (c) down-regulation of transcriptional activation and expression of cFLIP."	( Suppression of cFLIP by lupeol, a dietary triterpene, is sufficient to overcome resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in chemoresistant human pancreatic cancer cells. Adhami, VM; Hafeez, BB; Mukhtar, H; Murtaza, I; Saleem, M, 2009)	1.38
"Lupeol treatment showed significant (p < 0.05) preventive effects with marked inhibition at 48, 72, and 96 h against DMBA-mediated neoplastic events."	( Lupeol induces p53 and cyclin-B-mediated G2/M arrest and targets apoptosis through activation of caspase in mouse skin. George, J; Nigam, N; Prasad, S; Shukla, Y, 2009)	2.52
"Lupeol treatment significantly (1) reduced levels of beta-catenin in the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions, (2) modulated expression levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3beta)-axin complex (regulator of beta-catenin stability), (3) decreased the expression level and enzymatic activity of MMP-2 (downstream target of beta-catenin), (4) reduced the transcriptional activation of T Cell Factor (TCF) responsive element (marker for beta-catenin signaling) in pTK-TCF-Luc-transfected cells and (5) decreased the transcriptional activation of MMP-2 gene in pGL2-MMP-2-Luc-transfected cells."	( Lupeol inhibits proliferation of human prostate cancer cells by targeting beta-catenin signaling. Adhami, VM; Asim, M; Hafeez, BB; Johnson, JJ; Khan, N; Li, B; Mukhtar, H; Murtaza, I; Saleem, M; Shekhani, MT; Siddiqui, IA; Suh, Y; Tarapore, RS, 2009)	2.52
"Lupeol treatment resulted in significant inhibition of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and caused apoptotic death of this cell line with activation of caspase3 expression."	( Lupeol, a dietary triterpene, inhibited growth, and induced apoptosis through down-regulation of DR3 in SMMC7721 cells. Lv, Z; Yang, X; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y, 2009)	2.52
"Lupeol treatment also inhibited Akt/PKB signaling pathway by inhibition of Bad (Ser136) phosphorylation and 14-3-3 expression."	( Induction of apoptosis by lupeol in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells through regulation of mitochondrial, Akt/PKB and NFkappaB signaling pathways. George, J; Madan, E; Nigam, N; Prasad, S; Roy, P; Shukla, Y, 2009)	1.37
"Lupeol treatment significantly modulated the level of (i) microtubule components alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin, (ii) microtubule-regulatory protein stathmin, and (iii) microtubule-regulatory down-stream target/pro-survival protein survivin."	( Lupeol triterpene, a novel diet-based microtubule targeting agent: disrupts survivin/cFLIP activation in prostate cancer cells. Kohl, AM; Maddodi, N; Murtaza, I; Saleem, M; Witkowsky, O, 2009)	2.52
"Lupeol treatment to Mel 928 and Mel 1241 but not Mel 1011 cells resulted in a dose-dependent (i) decrease in cell viability, (ii) induction of apoptosis, (iii) decrease in colonogenic potential, (iv) decrease in β-catenin transcriptional activity and (v) decrease in the expression of Wnt target genes."	( Specific targeting of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human melanoma cells by a dietary triterpene lupeol. Adhami, VM; Mukhtar, H; Saleem, M; Siddiqui, IA; Spiegelman, VS; Tarapore, RS, 2010)	1.3
"Lupeol treatment caused decreases in glycated haemoglobin, serum glucose and nitric oxide, with a concomitant increase in serum insulin level."	( Evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of lupeol in experimental hyperglycaemia. Dobhal, MP; Gupta, R; Gupta, RS; Sharma, AK; Sharma, MC, 2012)	1.35
"Lupeol-treated mice did not show any motor performance alterations or apparent systemic toxicity."	( Antinociceptive effect of lupeol: evidence for a role of cytokines inhibition. Almeida, JR; Alves, V; Barbosa Filho, JM; de Lima, FO; Rodrigues, LC; Soares, MB; Villarreal, CF, 2013)	1.41
"Lupeol treatment to cells was found to significantly reduce the expression of Ras oncoprotein and modulate the protein expression of various signaling molecules involved in PKCalpha/ODC, PI3K/Akt and MAPKs pathways along with a significant reduction in the activation of NFkappaB signaling pathway."	( Lupeol, a fruit and vegetable based triterpene, induces apoptotic death of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells via inhibition of Ras signaling pathway. Adhami, VM; Afaq, F; Kaur, S; Kweon, MH; Mukhtar, H; Saleem, M, 2005)	2.49
"Lupeol treatment resulted in significant inhibition of cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and caused apoptotic death of prostate cancer cells."	( A novel dietary triterpene Lupeol induces fas-mediated apoptotic death of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft model. Adhami, VM; Khan, N; Kweon, MH; Mukhtar, H; Saleem, M; Syed, DN; Yun, JM, 2005)	1.35
"In lupeol treated groups wound healing activity was more significant (17.83+/-0.48) than the standard skin ointment nitrofurazone (18.33+/-0.42)."	( Wound healing activity and docking of glycogen-synthase-kinase-3-beta-protein with isolated triterpenoid lupeol in rats. Harish, BG; Khadeer Ahamed, BM; Krishna, V; Kumara Swamy, HM; Santosh Kumar, HS; Sharath, R, 2008)	1.07
"Lupeol treatment of 451Lu cells caused (a) G(1)-S phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; (b) down-regulation of Bcl2 and up-regulation of Bax; (c) activation of caspase-3 and induction of poly(ADP)ribose polymerase cleavage; (d) decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cdk2; and (e) increased expression of p21 protein."	( Lupeol inhibits growth of highly aggressive human metastatic melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing apoptosis. Abu Zaid, M; Asim, M; bin Hafeez, B; Khan, N; Maddodi, N; Mukhtar, H; Saleem, M; Setaluri, V; Suh, Y; Yun, JM, 2008)	2.51
"Treatment with lupeol (100 µM) significantly decreased IL-6 and IL-8 levels in comparison to untreated LPS-activated ARPE-19 cells."	( Intravitreal lupeol: A new potential therapeutic strategy for noninfectious uveitis. Castro, BFM; Cenachi, SPF; Fialho, SL; Paiva, MRB; Pereira, VV; Silva-Cunha, A; Toledo, CR; Vasconcelos-Santos, DV, 2021)	1.33
"Treatment with lupeol significantly reduced the cerebral infarct volume and water content and recovered neuro behavioral functions in affected rats."	( Beneficial consequences of Lupeol on middle cerebral artery-induced cerebral ischemia in the rat involves Nrf2 and P38 MAPK modulation. Hao, J; Jiang, Q; Li, Z; Lin, K; Liu, W; Mao, Z; Tong, H; Wang, D; Wang, Z; Xu, C; Yin, T; Zhang, L; Zhang, M; Zhang, Z, 2020)	1.19
"Treatment with lupeol also downregulated the expression of diverse STAT3-regulated genes and decreased the binding of STAT3 to VEGF promoter."	( Negative regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 signalling cascade by lupeol inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Ahn, KS; Jha, S; Kumar, AP; Lee, JH; Li, F; Low, G; Nguyen, AH; Sethi, G; Singh, SS; Siveen, KS; Tergaonkar, V, 2014)	0.96
"Co-treatment with lupeol and 5-Fu induced apoptosis through up-regulating the expressions of Bax and p53 and down-regulating the expressions of survivin and Bcl-2."	( Lupeol enhances inhibitory effect of 5-fluorouracil on human gastric carcinoma cells. Bi, T; Dai, W; Gao, Q; Liu, Y; Qian, L; Shen, G; Wang, G, 2016)	2.2
"Treatment with lupeol also reduced the production of mucus and overall inflammation in the lung."	( The triterpenoid lupeol attenuates allergic airway inflammation in a murine model. Almeida, JR; Barbosa-Filho, JM; de Queiroz, LP; Lúcio, AS; Ribeiro-Dos-Santos, R; Soares, MB; Teixeira, MM; Vasconcelos, JF, 2008)	1.03
"Treatment with lupeol and stigmasterol significantly reduced the deposition of calcium and oxalate in the kidney, and also in the blood serum; the lipid profile serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels at 50 and 100 mg/kg were significantly (p < 0.05) lowered in urolithiatic rats."	( Effect of Costus igneus stem extract on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in albino rats. Eevera, T; Kumaran, S; Manjula, K; Rajendran, K, 2012)	0.72
"Pre-treatment with lupeol (50 and 100 mg/kg) inhibited the hyperalgesia and the local increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels induced by carrageenan."	( Antinociceptive effect of lupeol: evidence for a role of cytokines inhibition. Almeida, JR; Alves, V; Barbosa Filho, JM; de Lima, FO; Rodrigues, LC; Soares, MB; Villarreal, CF, 2013)	1.01
"Treatment with lupeol and lupeol linoleate reduced the extent of tubular damage as evidenced from reduced enzymuria and minimized the excretion of stone forming constituents."	( Evaluation of the effect of triterpenes on urinary risk factors of stone formation in pyridoxine deficient hyperoxaluric rats. Lenin, M; Varalakshmi, P; Vidya, L, 2002)	0.65
"The treatment with lupeol acetate at the dose level of 10 mg/rat/day did not cause any significant change in the body weights, but significant reduction in the weight of reproductive organs, i.e."	( Induction of antifertility with lupeol acetate in male albino rats. Bhatnager, AK; Gupta, RS; Joshi, YC; Kachhawa, JB; Khushalani, V; Sharma, MC, 2005)	0.93
"Treatment with lupeol and its derivative normalized the lipid profile."	( Role of lupeol and lupeol linoleate on lipemic-oxidative stress in experimental hypercholesterolemia. Kumar, SA; Sudhahar, V; Varalakshmi, P, 2006)	1.11
"Treatment with lupeol linoleate was more effective than lupeol in rendering protection to the cardiac tissue challenged by cyclophosphamide."	( Role of lupeol and its ester on cyclophosphamide-induced hyperlipidaemic cardiomyopathy in rats. Mythili, Y; Sudhahar, V; Sudharsan, PT; Varalakshmi, P, 2005)	1.1
"Pretreatment with lupeol (100 mg/kg body mass, orally) and silymarin (100 mg/kg body mass, orally) for 7 days reverted the condition to near normalcy."	( Lupeol ameliorates aflatoxin B1-induced peroxidative hepatic damage in rats. Kanniappan, M; Nagaraj, M; Preetha, SP; Selvakumar, E; Varalakshmi, P, 2006)	2.1
"Oral treatment of lupeol (1 mg/animal) and MPE (1 mL [20% w/v]/animal) was given separately to animals along with subcutaneous injection of testosterone (5 mg/kg body weight) consecutively for 15 days. "	( Protective effects of lupeol and mango extract against androgen induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice. Kalra, N; Prasad, S; Shukla, Y; Singh, M, 2008)	0.99
"Pretreatment with lupeol (1 mg/animal) and MPE (1 mL, 20%) was given through oral intubation for 7 days prior to B[a]P administration."	( Protective effects of lupeol against benzo[a]pyrene induced clastogenicity in mouse bone marrow cells. Kumar Yadav, V; Prasad, S; Shukla, Y; Srivastava, S, 2008)	0.98

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Lupeol has been shown with anti-inflammation and antitumor capability, however, the poor bioavailability limiting its applications in living subjects."	( Lupeol acetate ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis and osteoclastogenesis of mice through improvement of microenvironment. Chen, CH; Chen, WK; Chuang, HY; Hwang, JJ; Wang, WH, 2016)	3.32
" The results obtained showed that the modification of lupeol structure improve its bioavailability and activity."	( New lupeol esters as active substances in the treatment of skin damage. Eris, I; Malinowska, M; Miroslaw, B; Ogonowski, J; Pasikowska-Piwko, M; Sikora, E; Szaleniec, M; Wojtkiewicz, AM, 2019)	1.32
" Finally, pharmacokinetics research was performed; the candidates with desirable metabolite and bioavailability parameters were confirmed as Q-markers of YL."	( Selection and evaluation of quality markers from Yinlan capsule and its LXRα-mediated therapy for hyperlipidemia. Bi, X; Cai, D; Cao, L; Chen, W; Chen, Z; Guo, H; Jiang, J; Luo, W; Sun, D; Xu, A, 2019)	0.51
" The only orally bioavailable drug miltefosine is toxic, whereas liposomal amphotericin B (AmpB) is expensive."	( Lupeol and amphotericin B mediate synergistic anti-leishmanial immunomodulatory effects in Leishmania donovani-infected BALB/c mice. Bhattacharjee, S; Das, A; Das, MC; Ghosh, C; Jawed, JJ; Majumdar, S; Parveen, S; Saha, B, 2021)	2.06
" Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics characterized by high bioavailability and effectiveness in skin damage recovery."	( The Effect of the New Lupeol Derivatives on Human Skin Cells as Potential Agents in the Treatment of Wound Healing. Drukała, J; Malinowska, MA; Ogonowski, J; Sikora, E; Stalińska, J, 2021)	0.94

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" This activity displayed a dose-response relationship."	( Aloe vera, hydrocortisone, and sterol influence on wound tensile strength and anti-inflammation. Davis, RH; DiDonato, JJ; Johnson, RW; Stewart, CB, 1994)	0.29
" Lupeol, when supplemented at a dosage of 40 mg kg(-1) body weight concurrent with cadmium administration, showed an improvement in the antioxidant status."	( Effect of lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene, on the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in rat kidney after chronic cadmium exposure. Nagaraj, M; Sunitha, S; Varalakshmi, P, )	1.44
" Dosage of 100 mg/kg was not satisfactory; and 500 and 250 mg/kg showed significant immunostimmulation (HA Titre) and immunosuppression (DTH response, 48 h)."	( Carissa congesta Wight and Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. as budding immunomodulatory agents. Doshi, GM; Une, HD, 2016)	0.43

Role	Description
anti-inflammatory drug	A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation.
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
secondary alcohol	A secondary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has two other carbon atoms attached to it.
pentacyclic triterpenoid
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
mangrove triterpenoid biosynthesis	7	7
betulinate biosynthesis	1	6
lupeol biosynthesis	2	2
pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis	2	10
betulinate biosynthesis	0	7
pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis	14	11
lupeol biosynthesis	0	2

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Cocaine esterase	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	1.9000	0.0058	2.4330	6.8000	AID1697438
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	130.2000	0.4800	4.3564	9.9400	AID358918; AID480993
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	2.1200	0.0005	3.4984	9.7600	AID1504114; AID1755200
Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.1000	0.0040	0.2551	0.6000	AID1697439
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
prostaglandin metabolic process	Cocaine esterase	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Cocaine esterase	Homo sapiens (human)
catabolic process	Cocaine esterase	Homo sapiens (human)
hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA topological change	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA ligation	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA damage response	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome segregation	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
female meiotic nuclear division	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic chromosome condensation	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic cleavage	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythm	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic process	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA duplex unwinding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
resolution of meiotic recombination intermediates	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
sister chromatid segregation	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of JUN kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein dephosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of signal transduction	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signal transduction	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton organization	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of endocytosis	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular protein transport	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to unfolded protein	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor recycling	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of MAP kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor catabolic process	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol biosynthetic process	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic process	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol efflux	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol storage	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell differentiation	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasis	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
reverse cholesterol transport	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
medium-chain fatty acid metabolic process	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid biosynthetic process	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cholesterol	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulus	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol ester hydrolysis involved in cholesterol transport	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic process	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid secretion	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid catabolic process	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activity	Cocaine esterase	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylesterase activity	Cocaine esterase	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic ester hydrolase activity	Cocaine esterase	Homo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) activity	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ATP-dependent activity, acting on DNA	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding, bending	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ubiquitin binding	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cadherin binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sterol esterase activity	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activity	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylesterase activity	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic ester hydrolase activity	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
endoplasmic reticulum	Cocaine esterase	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Cocaine esterase	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cocaine esterase	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear chromosome	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
centriole	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
chromosome, centromeric region	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
condensed chromosome	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
male germ cell nucleus	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleolus	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA topoisomerase type II (double strand cut, ATP-hydrolyzing) complex	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
ribonucleoprotein complex	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial crista	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome lumen	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sorting endosome	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumen	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid droplet	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
lipid droplet	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Liver carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (295)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1347372	qHTS for Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) Antagonist screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347366	KB-3-1 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347373	qHTS for Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) Agonist screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347365	SDT Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347361	HEK293 12hr Apoptosis Induction qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347392	qHTS for activators of dead-cell proteases activity screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347402	qHTS for inhibitors of Rabies Virus screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347346	HPAF-II Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347356	HPAF-II 24hr Apoptosis Induction qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347371	J3T Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347351	U-118MG Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347381	Inflammasome Signaling qHTS Counterscreen: IL-1-beta AlphaLISA counterscreen against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347367	qHTS for ATAD5 Agonist screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347376	10-beta competent E. coli microbial cell viability qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347377	DH5-alpha competent E. coli microbial cell viability qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347378	qHTS for H2AX Agonists against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347362	Diaphorse counterscreen qHTS: Assay Interference Panel against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347387	Cytotoxicity qHTS for assessment of Hepg2 cells membrane integrity screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347401	Redox Reaction Profiling qHTS: Assay Interference Panel against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347354	UWB1.289-WTBRCA1 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347360	HPAF-II 18hr Apoptosis Induction qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347394	Vero-766 cells viability qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library: Counterscreen for Zika virus inhibition assay	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347400	Viability qHTS for inhibitors of the SERCaMP assay screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347368	G06 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347348	OV-SAHO Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347380	qHTS for Antimalaria activity screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347396	qHTS for inhibitors of Wild type Zika virus screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347352	COV-362 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347388	qHTS for Activators of p53 Stress Response Pathway screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347369	MCF7 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347160	Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347350	SW1088 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347358	HPAF-II 12hr Apoptosis Induction qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347364	KB-8-5-11 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347391	qHTS for activators of Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347353	A2780 Cisplatin Sensitive Ovarian Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347363	Firefly luciferase counterscreen qHTS: Assay Interference Panel against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347375	qHTS for Hypoxia signaling pathway (HIF-1) agonists against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347349	Panc-1005 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347345	OV-KATE Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347374	qHTS for Hypoxia signaling pathway (HIF-1) antagonists against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347357	HEK293 18hr Apoptosis Induction qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347379	qHTS for Inflammasome Signaling Inhibitors: IL-1-beta AlphaLISA screen against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347393	qHTS for inhibitors of ER calcium dysfunction: SERCaMP assay screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347359	HEK293 24hr Apoptosis Induction qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347370	qHTS for ATAD5 Antagonist screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347389	qHTS assay for small molecule disruptors of mitochondrial membrane potential screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347347	UWB1.289 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347355	HEK-293 Cancer Cell Toxicity qHTS against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID1347390	Secretion counterscreen for inhibitors of the SERCaMP assay screened against the NCATS CANVASS Library	2018	ACS central science, Dec-26, Volume: 4, Issue:12	Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.
AID362677	Renoprotective effect in ethylene glycol-hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed as increase in renal alkaline phosphatase activity per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID362705	Reduction in ferrous sulfate-induced lipid peroxidation levels in kidney of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed as malondialdehyde release per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID402649	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus pumilus CECT 29 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID1296033	Downregulation of RANKL-induced p65 phosphorylation in mouse bone marrow macrophages at 5 to 20 uM after 30 mins by Western blot analysis in presence of M-CSF	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID538208	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID426215	Cytotoxicity against human BT549 cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID402651	Antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis CECT 3032 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID403285	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger assessed as 99.9 % growth inhibition after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID335874	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells	2002	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 65, Issue:8	Two new triterpene esters from the twigs of Brachylaena ramiflora from the Madagascar rainforest.
AID1296026	Effect on 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3-induced M-CSF mRNA expression in mouse calvarial osteoblasts at 5 and 10 uM after 24 hrs by RT-PCR method	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID538213	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID1169618	Protective effect in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model assessed as reduction in TRIF protein level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by Western blotting analysis relative to vehicle-treated	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID1296038	Decrease in 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3-induced calcium levels in hypercalcemic C57BL/6 mouse serum at 5 to 100 ug/kg/day for 5 days	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1169611	Effect on liver histology in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model assessed as reversal of necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by hematoxylin/eosin-lab	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID603876	Antitubercular activity against non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 incubated 10 days under anaerobic condition measured after 28 hrs of recovery in air by luciferase based low oxygen recovery assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 46, Issue:7	Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cholinesterase inhibitors from Voacanga globosa.
AID1464282	Antineuroinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production after 24 hrs in presence of LPS by Griess reaction based assay	2017	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-15, Volume: 27, Issue:20	Natural neuro-inflammatory inhibitors from Caragana turfanensis.
AID1504114	Inhibition of recombinant human GST-tagged PTP1B catalytic domain expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 using para-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate	2017	Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11	Camellianols A-G, Barrigenol-like Triterpenoids with PTP1B Inhibitory Effects from the Endangered Ornamental Plant Camellia crapnelliana.
AID1263085	Renoprotective activity in pig LLC-PK1 cells assessed as reduction in cisplatin-induced cell shrank at 125 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cisplatin challenge for 24 hrs by phase-contrast microscopic analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Protective effect and mechanism of action of lupane triterpenes from Cornus walteri in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
AID403271	Antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID362689	Reduction of xanthine oxidase activity in kidney of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID362688	Effect on lactate dehydrogenase activity in kidney of Wistar rat assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID1169625	Protective effect in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model assessed as reduction in IL-6 mRNA expression at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to vehicle-treated control	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID426213	Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID1169621	Protective effect in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model assessed as increase in IRAK-M protein level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by Western blotting analysis relative to vehicle-treate	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID1263093	Renoprotective activity in pig LLC-PK1 cells assessed as reduction in cisplatin-induced toxicity preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cisplatin challenge for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Protective effect and mechanism of action of lupane triterpenes from Cornus walteri in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
AID1296024	Downregulation of 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3-induced RANKL mRNA expression in mouse calvarial osteoblasts at 5 and 10 uM after 24 hrs by RT-PCR method	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1169620	Protective effect in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model assessed as reduction in TRAF6 protein level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by Western blotting analysis relative to vehicle-treate	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID1169613	Effect on serum TNF-alpha level in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by ELISA (Rvb = 250.8 +/- 5.4 pg/ml)	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID1169615	Effect on serum IL-6 level in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by ELISA (Rvb = 654.1 +/- 19.7 pg/ml)	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID1066592	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Journal of natural products, Feb-28, Volume: 77, Issue:2	Lupane triterpenoids from the stems of Euonymus carnosus.
AID1296022	Induction of MC3T3-E1 cells differentiation assessed as alkaline phosphatase activity at 1 to 20 uM using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate after 7 to 14 days in presence of 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID403277	Antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium avium after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID1296023	Induction of MC3T3-E1 cells differentiation assessed as decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate at 10 to 20 uM after 4 days	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1066593	Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Journal of natural products, Feb-28, Volume: 77, Issue:2	Lupane triterpenoids from the stems of Euonymus carnosus.
AID403279	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID603877	Antitubercular activity against replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 at 20 ug/ml after 1 week by microplate alamar blue assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 46, Issue:7	Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cholinesterase inhibitors from Voacanga globosa.
AID403282	Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID402652	Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli CECT 99 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID667667	Inhibition of R5-tropic HIV1 envelope glycoprotein-mediated cell-cell fusion between viral envelope expressing human virus-infected HeLa ADA cells to human HeLa P5 cells at 5 uM after 16 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay using chemiluminescenc	2012	Journal of natural products, Apr-27, Volume: 75, Issue:4	Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of lupane and olean-18-ene derivatives. Absolute configuration of 19,20-epoxylupanes by VCD.
AID1315158	Effect on actin cytoskeleton in human diabetic primary fibroblasts assessed as formation of thin elongated cellular body at 10 nM after 2 hrs by rhodamine phalloidin-staining based fluorescence microscopic analysis	2016	Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4	Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors.
AID1439495	Antihelmintic activity against Trichostrongylus colubriformis	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-31, Volume: 129	Medicinal plants used as anthelmintics: Ethnomedical, pharmacological, and phytochemical studies.
AID362692	Effect on superoxide dismutase activity in kidney of Wistar rat assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID362687	Reduction of lactate dehydrogenase activity in kidney of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID106299	Cytotoxicity against cultured human melanoma (MEL-2) cell line.	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-07, Volume: 8, Issue:13	Synthesis of betulinic acid derivatives with activity against human melanoma.
AID538212	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID432534	Antidyslipidemic activity in high fat diet fed dyslipidemic golden Syrian hamster model assessed as change in plasma triglyceride level at 100 mg/kg, po administered once daily from day 4 to day 10 measured on day 10 after 2 hrs of last dose relative to b	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis of novel triterpenoid (lupeol) derivatives and their in vivo antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity.
AID378980	Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum FCR3 Gambia as 24 hrs [3H]hypoxanthine uptake	2006	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Lupeol long-chain fatty acid esters with antimalarial activity from Holarrhena floribunda.
AID362686	Effect on glycolic acid oxidase activity in liver of Wistar rat assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID1401984	Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 by microplate alamar blue assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-01, Volume: 143	Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of triterpeni≿ A-ring azepanes.
AID1315163	Effect on actin cytoskeleton in diabetic adult human primary keratinocytes assessed as formation of cellular protrusions at 10 nM after 2 hrs in presence of p-38 MAPK inhibitor LN 950 by rhodamine phalloidin-staining based fluorescence microscopic analysi	2016	Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4	Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors.
AID334272	Growth inhibition of mouse B16 2F2 cells after 3 days	2002	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 65, Issue:5	Differentiation- and apoptosis-inducing activities by pentacyclic triterpenes on a mouse melanoma cell line.
AID402661	Cytotoxicity against human Hep2 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID1228702	Antiviral activity against HIV1 NL4.3-Ren infected in human MT2 cells assessed as inhibition of viral growth at 10 uM measured 48 hrs post infection by luminometry	2015	Journal of natural products, May-22, Volume: 78, Issue:5	Isolation, Structural Modification, and HIV Inhibition of Pentacyclic Lupane-Type Triterpenoids from Cassine xylocarpa and Maytenus cuzcoina.
AID358918	Inhibition of human 1 unit topoisomerase 2alpha catalytic activity assessed as relaxation of 198 ng supercoiled pBR322 DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis	2001	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 64, Issue:12	Screening of triterpenoids isolated from Phyllanthus flexuosus for DNA topoisomerase inhibitory activity.
AID360626	Inhibition of human HeLa cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting	2001	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 64, Issue:5	Cytotoxic principles from Ventilago leiocarpa.
AID1169606	Protective effect in po dosed GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model assessed as survival administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured up to 24 hrs	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID1546505	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Artemisia: a promising plant for the treatment of cancer.
AID1663827	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 2 days by MTT assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 07-15, Volume: 30, Issue:14	Isolation and biological activity of agrostophillinol from kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix) leaves.
AID1169608	Toxicity in ICR mouse assessed as survival at 100 mg/kg, po	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID358919	Inhibition of 1 unit human topoisomerase 2alpha catalytic activity assessed as relaxation of 198 ng supercoiled pBR322 DNA at 100 uM by agarose gel electrophoresis	2001	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 64, Issue:12	Screening of triterpenoids isolated from Phyllanthus flexuosus for DNA topoisomerase inhibitory activity.
AID375387	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	The regulation of inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophage cell line by the chemical constituents of Rhus sylvestris.
AID402653	Antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis CECT170 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID1179489	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse J774A1 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production incubated for 1 hr prior to LPS challenge measured after 24 hrs by Griess method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 24, Issue:15	Synthesis of new heterocyclic lupeol derivatives as nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitors.
AID1296027	Induction of disruption of 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3/PGE2-induced F-actin ring formation in mouse osteoclasts obtained from coculturing mouse calvarial osteoblasts with mouse bone marrow macrophages at 20 uM after 48 hrs by Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated phalloidin s	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID402645	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus saprophyticus CECT 235 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID362696	Effect on glutathione peroxidase activity in kidney of Wistar rat assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID1439496	Antihelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus L3 larval stage	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-31, Volume: 129	Medicinal plants used as anthelmintics: Ethnomedical, pharmacological, and phytochemical studies.
AID1263086	Renoprotective activity in pig LLC-PK1 cells assessed as reduction in cisplatin-induced progressive condensation at 125 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cisplatin challenge for 24 hrs by phase-contrast microscopic analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Protective effect and mechanism of action of lupane triterpenes from Cornus walteri in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
AID477821	Antiinflammatory activity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide release after 24 hrs	2010	Journal of natural products, Apr-23, Volume: 73, Issue:4	Terpenoids from Daphne aurantiaca and their potential anti-inflammatory activity.
AID403281	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans assessed as 99.9 % growth inhibition after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID538210	Cytotoxicity against human Ca9-22 cells by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID1263090	Inhibition of cisplatin-induced ERK phosphorylation in pig LLC-PK1 cells at 125 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cisplatin challenge for 24 hrs by western blot analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Protective effect and mechanism of action of lupane triterpenes from Cornus walteri in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
AID1697438	Inhibition of CES2A1 in human liver microsomes using D-luciferin methyl ester as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 10 mins by fluorescence assay	2020	Journal of natural products, 10-23, Volume: 83, Issue:10	Bioactivity-Guided Discovery of Human Carboxylesterase Inhibitors from the Roots of
AID538211	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID356414	Induction of NADPH:quinone reductase activity in mouse Hepa-1c1c7 cells assessed as drug level required to double specific enzyme activity	2003	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 66, Issue:9	Constituents of the stem bark of Pongamia pinnata with the potential to induce quinone reductase.
AID480995	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells at 25 uM after 48 hrs by WST8 assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID1263092	Renoprotective activity in pig LLC-PK1 cells assessed as inhibition of cisplatin-induced cleaved caspase-3 expression at 125 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cisplatin challenge for 24 hrs by western blot analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Protective effect and mechanism of action of lupane triterpenes from Cornus walteri in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
AID402655	Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa AK 958 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID311138	Antitrypanosomal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei bloodstream trypomastigotes by alamar blue assay	2007	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 70, Issue:8	Antitrypanosomal activity of triterpenoids and sterols from the leaves of Strychnos spinosa and related compounds.
AID480997	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells at 25 uM after 48 hrs by WST8 assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID402647	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis CECT 39 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID1066591	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Journal of natural products, Feb-28, Volume: 77, Issue:2	Lupane triterpenoids from the stems of Euonymus carnosus.
AID1755200	Inhibition of PTP1B (unknown origin)	2021	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 08-15, Volume: 44	Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxal-5-inium salts and 4,5-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines: Synthesis, activity and computational docking for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B.
AID362679	Renoprotective effect in ethylene glycol-hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed as increase in renal gamma glutamyl transferase activity mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID480993	Inhibition of human DNA topoisomerase 2-mediated relaxation of supercoiled DNA by gel electrophoresis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID402650	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus megaterium CECT 44 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID402660	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID362682	Effect on lactate dehydrogenase activity in liver of Wistar rat assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID403267	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID1263094	Renoprotective activity in pig LLC-PK1 cells assessed as reduction in cisplatin-induced toxicity at 250 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cisplatin challenge for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Protective effect and mechanism of action of lupane triterpenes from Cornus walteri in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
AID1263091	Inhibition of cisplatin-induced p38 phosphorylation in pig LLC-PK1 cells at 125 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cisplatin challenge for 24 hrs by western blot analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Protective effect and mechanism of action of lupane triterpenes from Cornus walteri in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
AID1263089	Inhibition of cisplatin-induced JNK phosphorylation in pig LLC-PK1 cells at 125 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cisplatin challenge for 24 hrs by western blot analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Protective effect and mechanism of action of lupane triterpenes from Cornus walteri in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
AID1296040	Decrease in 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3-induced OPG levels in hypercalcemic C57BL/6 mouse serum at 5 to 100 ug/kg/day for 5 days	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1546508	Antiproliferative activity against human COLO205 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Artemisia: a promising plant for the treatment of cancer.
AID1617250	Anti-austerity activity against nutrient-deprived human PANC1 cells assessed as cell death incubated for 24 hrs by WST-8 assay
AID432536	Antidyslipidemic activity in high fat diet fed dyslipidemic golden Syrian hamster model assessed as change in plasma glycerol level at 100 mg/kg, po administered once daily from day 4 to day 10 measured on day 10 after 2 hrs of last dose relative to basel	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis of novel triterpenoid (lupeol) derivatives and their in vivo antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity.
AID1296029	Downregulation of RANKL-induced ERK phosphorylation in mouse bone marrow macrophages after 15 mins by Western blot analysis in presence of M-CSF	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1315166	Activation of Rac1 in human diabetic primary keratinocytes at 10 nM after 20 mins by immunoblot method	2016	Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4	Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors.
AID1173022	Induction of CYP3A4 in human HepG2 cells at 10 uM after 24 hrs by luciferase reporter gene assay in presence of hPXR relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23	Cycloartane-type triterpenes from Euphorbia fischeriana stimulate human CYP3A4 promoter activity.
AID402648	Antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus CECT 496 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID403278	Antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium avium assessed as 99.9 % growth inhibition after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID1169612	Effect on serum TNF-alpha level in ICR mouse at 100 mg/kg, po after 1 hr by ELISA (Rvb = 42.6 +/- 1.7 pg/ml)	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID403269	Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID1546507	Antiproliferative activity against human MIAPaCa2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Artemisia: a promising plant for the treatment of cancer.
AID1504115	Cytotoxicity against human L02 cells assessed as cell viability at 10 uM after 24 hrs by MTS assay relative to control	2017	Journal of natural products, 11-22, Volume: 80, Issue:11	Camellianols A-G, Barrigenol-like Triterpenoids with PTP1B Inhibitory Effects from the Endangered Ornamental Plant Camellia crapnelliana.
AID1169623	Protective effect in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model assessed as increase in I-kappaB protein level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by Western blotting analysis relative to vehicle-trea	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID417596	Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells by resazurin reduction test	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 19, Issue:8	Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and haemolytic activity of chacotrioside lupane-type neosaponins and their germanicane-type rearrangement products.
AID489306	Antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 in stationary phase culture at pH 5.8 up to 200 ug/ml after 3 days followed by washout from day 4 to week 4 by microbroth dilution method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 20, Issue:14	In vitro antituberculosis activities of the constituents isolated from Haloxylon salicornicum.
AID362693	Increase in catalase activity in kidney of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID378978	Antimalarial activity after 24 hrs against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 by [3H]hypoxanthine uptake	2006	Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 69, Issue:1	Lupeol long-chain fatty acid esters with antimalarial activity from Holarrhena floribunda.
AID95520	Cytotoxicity against human epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth (KB) cell line.	1998	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-07, Volume: 8, Issue:13	Synthesis of betulinic acid derivatives with activity against human melanoma.
AID362698	Effect on glutathione level in kidney of Wistar rat assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID362680	Effect on renal gamma glutamyl transferase activity in Wistar rat assessed mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID1697439	Inhibition of CES1A1 in human liver microsomes using D-luciferin methyl ester as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured after 10 mins by fluorescence assay	2020	Journal of natural products, 10-23, Volume: 83, Issue:10	Bioactivity-Guided Discovery of Human Carboxylesterase Inhibitors from the Roots of
AID360618	Inhibition of human Calu1 cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting	2001	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 64, Issue:5	Cytotoxic principles from Ventilago leiocarpa.
AID362691	Increase in superoxide dismutase activity in kidney of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID358916	Inhibition of human topoisomerase 1 assessed as relaxation of supercoiled pBR322 DNA up to 200 uM by agarose gel electrophoresis	2001	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 64, Issue:12	Screening of triterpenoids isolated from Phyllanthus flexuosus for DNA topoisomerase inhibitory activity.
AID667668	Inhibition of X4-tropic HIV1 envelope glycoprotein-mediated cell-cell fusion between viral envelope expressing human virus-infected HeLa ADA cells to human HeLa P5 cells at 5 uM after 16 hrs by beta-galactosidase reporter gene assay using chemiluminescenc	2012	Journal of natural products, Apr-27, Volume: 75, Issue:4	Synthesis and anti-HIV activity of lupane and olean-18-ene derivatives. Absolute configuration of 19,20-epoxylupanes by VCD.
AID417597	Cytotoxicity against human WS1 cells by resazurin reduction test	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 19, Issue:8	Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and haemolytic activity of chacotrioside lupane-type neosaponins and their germanicane-type rearrangement products.
AID1169607	Effect on serum ALT level in ICR mouse at 100 mg/kg, po after 1 hr (Rvb = 57.4 +/- 8.8 U/L)	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID1152868	Increase in 2-[3H]-deoxyglucose uptake in rat L6 cells at 10 uM after 16 hrs by scintillation counting analysis (Rvb = 0%)	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 24, Issue:12	Design and synthesis of lupeol analogues and their glucose uptake stimulatory effect in L6 skeletal muscle cells.
AID1599353	Antiviral activity against DENV2 infected in monkey LLC-MK2 cells	2019	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug-15, Volume: 176	Recent update on anti-dengue drug discovery.
AID1297379	Antitrichomonal activity against metronidazole-sensitive Trichomonas vaginalis ATCC 30236 clinical isolate trophozoites assessed as parasite viability at 100 uM after 24 hrs by trypan blue dye based hemocytometry	2016	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 26, Issue:9	Caatinga plants: Natural and semi-synthetic compounds potentially active against Trichomonas vaginalis.
AID402643	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID362694	Effect on catalase activity in kidney of Wistar rat assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID417592	Toxicity in sheep erythrocytes assessed as induction of hemolysis	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 19, Issue:8	Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and haemolytic activity of chacotrioside lupane-type neosaponins and their germanicane-type rearrangement products.
AID432538	Antidyslipidemic activity in high fat diet fed dyslipidemic golden Syrian hamster model assessed as change in plasma HDL-cholesterol level at 100 mg/kg, po administered once daily from day 4 to day 10 measured on day 10 after 2 hrs of last dose relative t	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis of novel triterpenoid (lupeol) derivatives and their in vivo antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity.
AID432539	Antidyslipidemic activity in high fat diet fed dyslipidemic golden Syrian hamster model assessed as change in plasma HDL to cholesterol ratio at 100 mg/kg, po administered once daily from day 4 to day 10 measured on day 10 after 2 hrs of last dose relativ	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis of novel triterpenoid (lupeol) derivatives and their in vivo antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity.
AID1315165	Activation of Cdc42 in human diabetic primary keratinocytes at 10 nM after 20 mins by immunoblot method	2016	Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4	Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors.
AID1546509	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Artemisia: a promising plant for the treatment of cancer.
AID360647	Inhibition of african green monkey Vero cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting	2001	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 64, Issue:5	Cytotoxic principles from Ventilago leiocarpa.
AID362678	Effect on renal alkaline phosphatase activity in Wistar rat assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID1315167	Effect on actin cytoskeleton in non-diabetic young human primary keratinocytes assessed as formation of cellular protrusions at 10 nM after 2 hrs in presence of p-38 MAPK inhibitor LN 950 by rhodamine phalloidin-staining based fluorescence microscopic ana	2016	Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4	Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors.
AID1179490	Cytotoxicity against mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as cell viability at IC50 by MTT assay relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 24, Issue:15	Synthesis of new heterocyclic lupeol derivatives as nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitors.
AID1179491	Cytotoxicity against mouse J774A1 cells assessed as cell viability at IC50 by MTT assay relative to control	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 24, Issue:15	Synthesis of new heterocyclic lupeol derivatives as nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitors.
AID1546506	Antiproliferative activity against human BHY cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 01-01, Volume: 28, Issue:1	Artemisia: a promising plant for the treatment of cancer.
AID1263087	Renoprotective activity in pig LLC-PK1 cells assessed as reduction in cisplatin-induced nucleus break-up at 125 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cisplatin challenge for 24 hrs by phase-contrast microscopic analysis	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Protective effect and mechanism of action of lupane triterpenes from Cornus walteri in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
AID1187687	Cytotoxicity against STF reporter expressing HEK293 cells at 10 to 30 uM after 24 hrs by fluorescein diacetate dye based fluorescence assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Ricinine: a pyridone alkaloid from Ricinus communis that activates the Wnt signaling pathway through casein kinase 1α.
AID426210	Cytotoxicity against human SW1353 cells by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID426207	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID354974	Inhibition of recombinant protein farnesyltransferase-mediated [3H]FPP transfer after 30 mins by scintillation counting	1996	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 59, Issue:7	Lupane derivatives from Lophopetalum wallichii with farnesyl protein transferase inhibitory activity.
AID417594	Cytotoxicity against human DLD1 cells by resazurin reduction test	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 19, Issue:8	Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and haemolytic activity of chacotrioside lupane-type neosaponins and their germanicane-type rearrangement products.
AID1066590	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production after 24 hrs by Griess method	2014	Journal of natural products, Feb-28, Volume: 77, Issue:2	Lupane triterpenoids from the stems of Euonymus carnosus.
AID402656	Antifungal activity against Candida albicans UBC1 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID362690	Effect on xanthine oxidase activity in kidney of Wistar rat assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID1296021	Cytotoxicity against mouse calvarial osteoblasts assessed as cell viability at 1 to 20 uM after 2 to 4 days by MTT assay	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID481001	Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells at 25 uM after 48 hrs by WST8 assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID426208	Cytotoxicity against pig LLC-PK11 cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID402646	Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis CECT 795 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID603879	Antitubercular activity against replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 after 1 week by microplate alamar blue assay	2011	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul, Volume: 46, Issue:7	Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cholinesterase inhibitors from Voacanga globosa.
AID1296031	Downregulation of RANKL-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation in mouse bone marrow macrophages after 15 mins by Western blot analysis in presence of M-CSF	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1296036	Inhibition of 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3-induced osteolclast differentiation in C57BL/6 mouse at 50 to 100 ug/kg/day administered for 5 days post 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 dosing measured on day 8 by hematoxylin/TRAP staining based assay	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID362700	Effect on vitamin C level in kidney of Wistar rat assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID362702	Effect on vitamin E level in kidney of Wistar rat assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID402662	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID489305	Antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC 27294 after 2 weeks by microbroth dilution method	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 20, Issue:14	In vitro antituberculosis activities of the constituents isolated from Haloxylon salicornicum.
AID426212	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID327685	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H187 cells at 10 ug/mL	2008	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 71, Issue:2	Seco-terpenoids and other constituents from Elateriospermum tapos.
AID362973	Nephrotoxicity in Wistar rat at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID337068	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells	2003	Journal of natural products, Mar, Volume: 66, Issue:3	New cytotoxic lupane triterpenoids from the twigs of Coussarea paniculata.
AID358921	Inhibition of 1 unit human topoisomerase 2-alpha catalytic activity assessed as relaxation of 600 ng supercoiled pBR322 DNA at 50 uM by agarose gel electrophoresis	2001	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 64, Issue:12	Screening of triterpenoids isolated from Phyllanthus flexuosus for DNA topoisomerase inhibitory activity.
AID1296041	Downregulation of RANKL-induced p65 nuclear translocation in mouse bone marrow macrophages at 5 to 20 uM after 30 mins by Western blot analysis in presence of M-CSF	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1296039	Decrease in 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3-induced phosphate levels in hypercalcemic C57BL/6 mouse serum at 5 to 100 ug/kg/day for 5 days	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID403280	Antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID362701	Increase in vitamin E level in kidney of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID1169617	Protective effect in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model assessed as reduction in MyD88 protein level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by Western blotting analysis relative to vehicle-treate	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID1296030	Downregulation of RANKL-induced JNK phosphorylation in mouse bone marrow macrophages after 15 mins by Western blot analysis in presence of M-CSF	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1066594	Cytotoxicity against human Bel7402 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Journal of natural products, Feb-28, Volume: 77, Issue:2	Lupane triterpenoids from the stems of Euonymus carnosus.
AID403298	Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans assessed as 99.9 % growth inhibition after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID362706	Effect on ferrous sulfate-induced lipid peroxidation levels in kidney of Wistar rat assessed as malondialdehyde release per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID360640	Inhibition of human Raji cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting	2001	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 64, Issue:5	Cytotoxic principles from Ventilago leiocarpa.
AID1179488	Antiinflammatory activity in mouse RAW264.7 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced NO production incubated for 1 hr prior to LPS challenge measured after 24 hrs by Griess method	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 24, Issue:15	Synthesis of new heterocyclic lupeol derivatives as nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibitors.
AID480999	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells at 25 uM after 48 hrs by WST8 assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, May-01, Volume: 20, Issue:9	Cytotoxicity and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I of polyhydroxylated triterpenoids and triterpenoid glycosides.
AID1169609	Effect on liver histology in ICR mouse at 100 mg/kg, po after 1 hr by hematoxylin/eosin-labeled microscopic analysis relative to control	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID1169614	Effect on serum IL-6 level in ICR mouse at 100 mg/kg, po after 1 hr by ELISA (Rvb = 73.3 +/- 13.1 pg/ml)	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID383183	Inhibition of Saccharomyces sp. alpha-glucosidase	2008	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 71, Issue:5	alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of triterpenoids from Cichorium intybus.
AID362697	Increase in glutathione level in kidney of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID1296035	Downregulation of RANKL-induced NFATc1 levels in mouse bone marrow macrophages at 5 to 20 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis in presence of M-CSF	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1439494	Nematocidal activity against Caenorhabditis elegans	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-31, Volume: 129	Medicinal plants used as anthelmintics: Ethnomedical, pharmacological, and phytochemical studies.
AID402278	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells	2004	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 67, Issue:5	New cytotoxic terpenoids from the wood of Vepris punctata from the Madagascar Rainforest.
AID1169616	Protective effect in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model assessed as reduction in TLR4 protein level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by Western blotting analysis relative to vehicle-treated	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID1296020	Inhibition of 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3-induced osteoclasts differentiation in mouse calvarial osteoblasts cocultured with mouse bone marrow macrophages incubated for 6 days by TRAP staining based microscopy	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1169622	Protective effect in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model assessed as reduction in NF-kappaB protein level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by Western blotting analysis relative to vehicle-tr	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID1187685	Activation of TCF/beta-catenin transcription in human STF/293 cells assessed as increase in TOP activity by luciferase reporter gene assay	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Sep-01, Volume: 22, Issue:17	Ricinine: a pyridone alkaloid from Ricinus communis that activates the Wnt signaling pathway through casein kinase 1α.
AID1066595	Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	2014	Journal of natural products, Feb-28, Volume: 77, Issue:2	Lupane triterpenoids from the stems of Euonymus carnosus.
AID358922	Inhibition of 2 to 5 units human topoisomerase 2alpha catalytic activity assessed as relaxation of 198 ng supercoiled pPBR322 DNA at 50 uM by agarose gel electrophoresis	2001	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 64, Issue:12	Screening of triterpenoids isolated from Phyllanthus flexuosus for DNA topoisomerase inhibitory activity.
AID403272	Antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus assessed as 99.9 % growth inhibition after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID403273	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID362704	Effect on ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation levels in kidney of Wistar rat assessed as malondialdehyde release per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID360633	Inhibition of human K562 cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting	2001	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 64, Issue:5	Cytotoxic principles from Ventilago leiocarpa.
AID403284	Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID403276	Antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis assessed as 99.9 % growth inhibition after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID360654	Inhibition of human WISH cell proliferation assessed as [3H]thymidine incorporation after 3 days by scintillation counting	2001	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 64, Issue:5	Cytotoxic principles from Ventilago leiocarpa.
AID362703	Reduction in ascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation levels in kidney of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed as malondialdehyde release per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID1169624	Protective effect in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model assessed as reduction in TNF-alpha mRNA expression at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by RT-PCR analysis relative to vehicle-treated co	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID362695	Increase in glutathione peroxidase activity in kidney of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID492425	Antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 17, Issue:9	Antimalarials from nature.
AID417593	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by resazurin reduction test	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 19, Issue:8	Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and haemolytic activity of chacotrioside lupane-type neosaponins and their germanicane-type rearrangement products.
AID362699	Increase in vitamin C level in kidney of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID403274	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus assessed as 99.9 % growth inhibition after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID1697440	Selectivity ratio of IC50 for inhibition of CES2A1 in human liver microsomes to IC50 for CES1A1 in human liver microsomes	2020	Journal of natural products, 10-23, Volume: 83, Issue:10	Bioactivity-Guided Discovery of Human Carboxylesterase Inhibitors from the Roots of
AID1455931	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells	2017	Journal of natural products, 02-24, Volume: 80, Issue:2	Flavonoids from Erythrina schliebenii.
AID334273	Induction of melanogenesis in mouse B16 2F2 cells assessed as intracellular melanin content after 3 days	2002	Journal of natural products, May, Volume: 65, Issue:5	Differentiation- and apoptosis-inducing activities by pentacyclic triterpenes on a mouse melanoma cell line.
AID1296032	Downregulation of RANKL-induced IkappaB alpha phosphorylation in mouse bone marrow macrophages at 5 to 20 uM after 30 mins by Western blot analysis in presence of M-CSF	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1169619	Protective effect in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model assessed as reduction in IRAK1 protein level at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs by Western blotting analysis relative to vehicle-treate	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID362683	Reduction of xanthine oxidase activity in liver of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID403268	Cytotoxicity against human Lu1 cells	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID358920	Inhibition of 1 unit human topoisomerase 2-alpha catalytic activity assessed as relaxation of 264 to 396 ng supercoiled pBR322 DNA at 50 uM by agarose gel electrophoresis	2001	Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 64, Issue:12	Screening of triterpenoids isolated from Phyllanthus flexuosus for DNA topoisomerase inhibitory activity.
AID402654	Antibacterial activity against Salmonella sp. CECT 456 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID362685	Reduction of glycolic acid oxidase activity in liver of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID432537	Antidyslipidemic activity in high fat diet fed dyslipidemic golden Syrian hamster model assessed as change in plasma free fatty acid level at 100 mg/kg, po administered once daily from day 4 to day 10 measured on day 10 after 2 hrs of last dose relative t	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis of novel triterpenoid (lupeol) derivatives and their in vivo antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity.
AID1315157	Effect on actin cytoskeleton in human diabetic primary keratinocytes assessed as formation of cellular protrusions at 10 nM after 2 hrs by rhodamine phalloidin-staining based fluorescence microscopic analysis	2016	Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4	Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors.
AID1263088	Renoprotective activity against cisplatin induced toxicity in pig LLC-PK1 cells assessed as reduction in apoptotic cells at 125 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cisplatin challenge for 24 hrs annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide staining based flow cy	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Protective effect and mechanism of action of lupane triterpenes from Cornus walteri in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
AID1169610	Effect on serum ALT level in GalN/LPS-induced ICR mouse FHF liver injury model at 100 mg/kg, po administered 1 hr prior to GalN/LPS challenge measured after 6 hrs (Rvb = 2704 +/- 244.2 U/L)	2014	Journal of natural products, Nov-26, Volume: 77, Issue:11	Protective effects of lupeol against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced fulminant hepatic failure in mice.
AID375386	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	The regulation of inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophage cell line by the chemical constituents of Rhus sylvestris.
AID311139	Cytotoxicity against mouse J774 cells by alamar blue assay	2007	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 70, Issue:8	Antitrypanosomal activity of triterpenoids and sterols from the leaves of Strychnos spinosa and related compounds.
AID417595	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells by resazurin reduction test	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-15, Volume: 19, Issue:8	Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and haemolytic activity of chacotrioside lupane-type neosaponins and their germanicane-type rearrangement products.
AID426214	Cytotoxicity against human KB cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID1315159	Effect on actin cytoskeleton in human non-diabetic primary fibroblasts assessed as formation of thin elongated cellular body at 10 nM after 2 hrs by rhodamine phalloidin-staining based fluorescence microscopic analysis	2016	Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4	Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors.
AID1315164	Activation of RhoA in human diabetic primary keratinocytes at 10 nM after 3 hrs by immunoblot method	2016	Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4	Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors.
AID402644	Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis CECT 232 up to 40 ug/mL by broth microdilution method	2005	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 68, Issue:7	Lupane triterpenoids from Maytenus species.
AID1666863	Inhibition of swarming motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa HONKR at 16 ug/mL incubated for 16 to 20 hrs relative to control	2020	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 03-01, Volume: 28, Issue:5	Optimized plant compound with potent anti-biofilm activity across gram-negative species.
AID1617255	Cytotoxicity against nutrient-rich DMEM cultured human PANC1 cells at PC50 incubated for 24 hrs by WST-8 assay
AID538209	Cytotoxicity against human Hep3B cells by MTT assay	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24	Ixorapeptide I and ixorapeptide II, bioactive peptides isolated from Ixora coccinea.
AID496819	Antimicrobial activity against Plasmodium falciparum	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6	Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
AID327686	Cytotoxicity against human breast cancer cells at 10 ug/mL	2008	Journal of natural products, Feb, Volume: 71, Issue:2	Seco-terpenoids and other constituents from Elateriospermum tapos.
AID375388	Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-1 cells by MTT assay	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-01, Volume: 19, Issue:13	The regulation of inflammatory cytokine secretion in macrophage cell line by the chemical constituents of Rhus sylvestris.
AID362684	Effect on xanthine oxidase activity in liver of Wistar rat assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID311143	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for mouse J774 cells to IC50 for Trypanosoma brucei brucei bloodstream trypomastigotes	2007	Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 70, Issue:8	Antitrypanosomal activity of triterpenoids and sterols from the leaves of Strychnos spinosa and related compounds.
AID362681	Reduction of lactate dehydrogenase activity in liver of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed per mg of protein at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID400947	Antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by microplate alamar blue assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 67, Issue:4	Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth inhibition by constituents of Sapium haematospermum.
AID403270	Cytotoxicity against human HUVEC	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID432535	Antidyslipidemic activity in high fat diet fed dyslipidemic golden Syrian hamster model assessed as change in plasma cholesterol level at 100 mg/kg, po administered once daily from day 4 to day 10 measured on day 10 after 2 hrs of last dose relative to ba	2009	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-01, Volume: 19, Issue:15	Synthesis of novel triterpenoid (lupeol) derivatives and their in vivo antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activity.
AID1315168	Effect on actin cytoskeleton in non-diabetic adult human primary keratinocytes assessed as formation of cellular protrusions at 10 nM after 2 hrs in presence of p-38 MAPK inhibitor LN 950 by rhodamine phalloidin-staining based fluorescence microscopic ana	2016	Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4	Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors.
AID1296028	Inhibition of bone resorption in mouse osteoclasts obtained from coculturing mouse calvarial osteoblasts with mouse bone marrow macrophages assessed as inhibition of pit formation at at 20 uM after 48 hrs by Mayer's hematoxylin staining based light micros	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1296025	Effect on 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3-induced OPG mRNA expression in mouse calvarial osteoblasts at 5 and 10 uM after 24 hrs by RT-PCR method	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1296037	Decrease in 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3-induced RANKL levels in hypercalcemic C57BL/6 mouse serum at 5 to 100 ug/kg/day for 5 days by ELISA method	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID1296034	Downregulation of RANKL-induced c-fos levels in mouse bone marrow macrophages at 5 to 20 uM after 24 hrs by Western blot analysis in presence of M-CSF	2016	Journal of natural products, Feb-26, Volume: 79, Issue:2	Lupeol Isolated from Sorbus commixta Suppresses 1α,25-(OH)2D3-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Loss in Vitro and in Vivo.
AID403283	Antifungal activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae assessed as 99.9 % growth inhibition after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID362708	Protective effect in kidney of ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxaluria Wistar rat model assessed as normal glomerulus/tubule at 50 mg/kg/day, po for 28 days	2008	Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 71, Issue:9	Antiurolithic effect of lupeol and lupeol linoleate in experimental hyperoxaluria.
AID1263084	Renoprotective activity in pig LLC-PK1 cells assessed as reduction in cisplatin-induced toxicity at 125 uM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by cisplatin challenge for 24 hrs by MTT assay	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 25, Issue:23	Protective effect and mechanism of action of lupane triterpenes from Cornus walteri in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
AID1315162	Effect on actin cytoskeleton in human non-diabetic primary fibroblasts assessed as formation of thin elongated cellular body at 10 nM after 2 hrs in presence of p-38 MAPK inhibitor LN 950 by rhodamine phalloidin-staining based fluorescence microscopic ana	2016	Journal of natural products, Apr-22, Volume: 79, Issue:4	Influence of Birch Bark Triterpenes on Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts from Diabetic and Nondiabetic Donors.
AID426216	Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells upto 50 uM by neutral red assay	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
AID403275	Antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis after 18 hrs by zone-of-inhibition assay	2004	Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 67, Issue:7	Cytotoxic and antimicrobial constituents of the bark of Diospyros maritima collected in two geographical locations in Indonesia.
AID426211	Inhibition of SP1-dependent luciferase expression	2009	Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6	Scuteflorins A and B, dihydropyranocoumarins from Scutellaria lateriflora.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	10 (2.19)	18.7374
1990's	12 (2.63)	18.2507
2000's	145 (31.80)	29.6817
2010's	216 (47.37)	24.3611
2020's	73 (16.01)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	22 (4.72%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	444 (95.28%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Trial	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Clinical Study for the Effectiveness and Safety of Topical Lupeol in Mild to Moderate Acne [NCT02205892]	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-08-31	Completed
[NCT02152865]	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-12-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	7.6	1	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	3.9	3	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	2.04	1	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.05	1	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.15	1	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	2.04	1	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	2.48	2	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	2.31	1	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	2.01	1	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	3.61	2	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	2.05	1	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.25	1	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	2.03	1	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	7.99	4	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.05	1	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.15	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.76	3	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.17	1	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	7.88	3	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
melatonin [no description available]	2.17	1	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
croton oil [no description available]	2.72	3	N-acyl-hexosamine
n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid.	2.17	1	acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
naringenin [no description available]	2.17	1	4'-hydroxyflavanones; trihydroxyflavanone
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	6.94	1	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	3.01	4	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.47	2	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.17	1	alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	2.41	2	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tryptamine [no description available]	2.17	1	aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	2.42	2	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.03	1	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate [no description available]	2.17	1	catechin
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.11	1	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	2.31	1	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
phenytoin [no description available]	2.05	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	2.17	1	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-methoxytryptamine 5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.	2.17	1	aromatic ether; primary amino compound; tryptamines	5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; radiation protective agent; serotonergic agonist
7,8-dihydroxyflavone 7,8-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A dihydroxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8. A naturally occurring flavonoid produced by several plants, including the weed Tridax procumbens (coalbuttons or tridax daisy) and the tree Godmania aesculifolia, In animal models, it has shown efficacy against several diseases of the nervous system, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's.	2.17	1	dihydroxyflavone	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist
4',7-dihydroxyflavanone [no description available]	2.17	1	4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; polyphenol	Brassica napus metabolite; fungal xenobiotic metabolite
acebutolol Acebutolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic antagonist with little effect on the bronchial receptors. The drug has stabilizing and quinidine-like effects on cardiac rhythm, as well as weak inherent sympathomimetic action.. acebutolol : An ether that is the 2-acetyl-4-(butanoylamino)phenyl ether of the primary hydroxy group of 3-(propan-2-ylamino)propane-1,2-diol.	2.05	1	aromatic amide; ethanolamines; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympathomimetic agent
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	2.76	3	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)	2.05	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles	anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.05	1	acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor
albuterol Albuterol: A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.. albuterol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol having a tert-butyl group attached to the nirogen atom. It acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	2.05	1	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	2.05	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	2.05	1	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2.05	1	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.05	1	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
theophylline [no description available]	2.05	1	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	2.05	1	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	2.05	1	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amlodipine Amlodipine: A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.. amlodipine : A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.	2.05	1	dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	3.31	1	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
aprindine Aprindine: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	2.05	1	indanes
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	2.46	2	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	2.05	1	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	2.05	1	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	2.48	2	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	2.05	1	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
bisoprolol Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.	2.05	1	secondary alcohol; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bretylium bretylium: RN given refers to parent cpd. bretylium : A quaternary ammonium cation having 2-bromobenzyl, ethyl and two methyl groups attached to the nitrogen. It blocks noradrenaline release from the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, and is used in emergency medicine, cardiology, and other specialties for the acute management of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.	2.05	1	quaternary ammonium ion	adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent
bromhexine Bromhexine: A mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with viscid or excessive mucus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p744). bromhexine : A substituted aniline that is 2,4-dibromoaniline which is substituted at position 6 by a [cyclohexyl(methyl)amino]methyl group. It is used (as the monohydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough (i.e. a cough characterised by the production of sputum).	2.05	1	organobromine compound; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	mucolytic
bumetanide [no description available]	2.05	1	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
cacodylic acid dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups.	2.13	1	organoarsenic compound	xenobiotic metabolite
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	2.05	1	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.05	1	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carteolol Carteolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used as an anti-arrhythmia agent, an anti-angina agent, an antihypertensive agent, and an antiglaucoma agent.	2.05	1	quinolone; secondary alcohol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	2.05	1	benzodiazepine
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.83	3	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.05	1	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropamide Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277). chlorpropamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is substituted by 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl group and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is substituted by propyl group. Chlorpropamide is a hypoglycaemic agent used in the treatment of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification.	2.05	1	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
chlorthalidone Chlorthalidone: A benzenesulfonamide-phthalimidine that tautomerizes to a BENZOPHENONES form. It is considered a thiazide-like diuretic.	2.05	1	isoindoles; monochlorobenzenes; sulfonamide
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	2.05	1	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	2.05	1	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.05	1	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	2.05	1	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	2.05	1	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	2.05	1	clonidine; imidazoline
chlorazepate clorazepic acid : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone in which the oxo group is at position 2, and which is substituted at positions 3, 5, and 7 by carboxy, phenyl and chloro groups, respectively.	2.05	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; prodrug
dapsone [no description available]	2.05	1	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.	2.05	1	carboxamidine; isoquinolines	adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	2.05	1	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.51	2	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	2.05	1	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	2.05	1	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	2.05	1	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	benzoic acids
diflunisal Diflunisal: A salicylate derivative and anti-inflammatory analgesic with actions and side effects similar to those of ASPIRIN.. diflunisal : An organofluorine compound comprising salicylic acid having a 2,4-difluorophenyl group at the 5-position.	2.05	1	monohydroxybenzoic acid; organofluorine compound	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
3,3'-diindolylmethane 3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist	2.53	2	indoles	antineoplastic agent; P450 inhibitor
dimercaprol Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury.	2.05	1	dithiol; primary alcohol	chelator
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	2.05	1	organic cation
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.05	1	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	3.55	2	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	2.72	3	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures.	2.05	1	dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker
ethyl loflazepate ethyl loflazepate: structure given in first source	2.05	1	organic molecular entity
felodipine Felodipine: A dihydropyridine calcium antagonist with positive inotropic effects. It lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels.. felodipine : The mixed (methyl, ethyl) diester of 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid. A calcium-channel blocker, it lowers blood pressure by reducing peripheral vascular resistance through a highly selective action on smooth muscle in arteriolar resistance vessels. It is used in the management of hypertension and angina pectoris.	2.05	1	dichlorobenzene; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.05	1	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	2.05	1	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	2.05	1	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	2.05	1	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fluphenazine [no description available]	2.05	1	N-alkylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	anticoronaviral agent; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.. flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia.	2.04	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	7.13	1	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	3.61	2	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	2.05	1	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
flutamide Flutamide: An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.	2.05	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	2.17	1	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	2.05	1	piperidines
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	2.05	1	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
harmaline Harmaline: A beta-carboline alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM.. harmaline : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7 and has been reduced across the 3,4 bond.	2.17	1	harmala alkaloid	oneirogen
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions.	3.31	1	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug
hydroxyurea [no description available]	2.05	1	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hydroxyzine Hydroxyzine: A histamine H1 receptor antagonist that is effective in the treatment of chronic urticaria, dermatitis, and histamine-mediated pruritus. Unlike its major metabolite CETIRIZINE, it does cause drowsiness. It is also effective as an antiemetic, for relief of anxiety and tension, and as a sedative.. hydroxyzine : A N-alkylpiperazine that is piperzine in which the nitrogens atoms are substituted by 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl and (4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methyl groups respectively.	2.05	1	hydroxyether; monochlorobenzenes; N-alkylpiperazine	anticoronaviral agent; antipruritic drug; anxiolytic drug; dermatologic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	2.05	1	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	2.05	1	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	2.05	1	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	2.05	1	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
amrinone Amrinone: A positive inotropic cardiotonic (CARDIOTONIC AGENTS) with vasodilator properties, phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitory activity, and the ability to stimulate calcium ion influx into the cardiac cell.. amrinone : A 3,4'-bipyridine substituted at positions 5 and 6 by an amino group and a keto function respectively. A pyridine phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, it is a drug that may improve the prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	bipyridines	EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
incadronate [no description available]	2.05	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
indapamide Indapamide: A benzamide-sulfonamide-indole derived DIURETIC that functions by inhibiting SODIUM CHLORIDE SYMPORTERS.. indapamide : A sulfonamide formed by condensation of the carboxylic group of 4-chloro-3-sulfamoylbenzoic acid with the amino group of 2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-amine.	2.05	1	indoles; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.96	4	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	3.18	5	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
nsc 664704 kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	2.05	1	indolobenzazepine; lactam; organobromine compound	cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	2.05	1	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	2.05	1	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	2.05	1	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	2.05	1	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
labetalol Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.	2.05	1	benzamides; benzenes; phenols; primary carboxamide; salicylamides; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
lansoprazole Lansoprazole: A 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxypyridyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Lansoprazole is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-isomers.	2.05	1	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
lofepramine Lofepramine: A psychotropic IMIPRAMINE derivative that acts as a tricyclic antidepressant and possesses few anticholinergic properties. It is metabolized to DESIPRAMINE.	2.05	1	aromatic ketone; dibenzoazepine; monochlorobenzenes; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
lomustine [no description available]	2.05	1	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
lorazepam Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.	2.05	1	benzodiazepine
maprotiline Maprotiline: A bridged-ring tetracyclic antidepressant that is both mechanistically and functionally similar to the tricyclic antidepressants, including side effects associated with its use.	2.05	1	anthracenes
mazindol Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.	2.05	1	organic molecular entity
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	2.05	1	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
mefloquine hydrochloride [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.	2.44	2	organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinolines; secondary alcohol
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	2.05	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	2.05	1	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methoxyamine methoxyamine: analytical reagent for aldehydes and ketones; strong irritant, can probably produce methemoglobinemia; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	organooxygen compound
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	2.05	1	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	2.05	1	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	2.05	1	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2.82	3	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	2.05	1	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
minoxidil Minoxidil: A potent direct-acting peripheral vasodilator (VASODILATOR AGENTS) that reduces peripheral resistance and produces a fall in BLOOD PRESSURE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p371). minoxidil : A pyrimidine N-oxide that is pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide substituted by a piperidin-1-yl group at position 6.	2.05	1	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
nabumetone Nabumetone: A butanone non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) inhibitor that is used in the management of pain associated with OSTEOARTHRITIS and RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.. nabumetone : A methyl ketone that is 2-butanone in which one of the methyl hydrogens at position 4 is replaced by a 6-methoxy-2-naphthyl group. A prodrug that is converted to the active metabolite, 6-methoxy-2-naphthylacetic acid, following oral administration. It is shown to have a slightly lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects than most other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.	2.05	1	methoxynaphthalene; methyl ketone	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
niclosamide Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48). niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections.	3.31	1	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	2.05	1	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.05	1	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	2.05	1	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
nomifensine Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266). nomifensine : An N-methylated tetrahydroisoquinoline carrying phenyl and amino substituents at positions C-4 and C-8, respectively.	2.05	1	isoquinolines	dopamine uptake inhibitor
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.52	2	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.05	1	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates.	2.17	1	phenylethanolamines; tyramines	neurotransmitter
olomoucine olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.	2.05	1	2,6-diaminopurines; ethanolamines	EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
oxatomide oxatomide: structure; an anti-allergic & an anti-asthmatic. oxatomide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one substituted by a 3-[4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at position 1. It is an anti-allergic drug.	2.05	1	benzimidazoles; diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
oxazepam Oxazepam: A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.. oxazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a hydroxy group at position 3 and phenyl group at position 5.	2.05	1	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	2.05	1	aromatic ether
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	2.05	1	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	2.05	1	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
pamidronate [no description available]	2.05	1	phosphonoacetic acid
pantoprazole Pantoprazole: 2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazole proton pump inhibitor that is used in the treatment of GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX and PEPTIC ULCER.. pantoprazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole substituted by a difluoromethoxy group at position 5 and a [(3,4-dimethoxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	2.05	1	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.21	1	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
perphenazine Perphenazine: An antipsychotic phenothiazine derivative with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROMAZINE.. perphenazine : A phenothiazine derivative in which the phenothiazine tricycle carries a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at N-10.	2.05	1	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.05	1	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenindione Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)	2.05	1	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	anticoagulant
phentermine Phentermine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been used most frequently in the treatment of obesity.	2.05	1	primary amine	adrenergic agent; appetite depressant; central nervous system drug; central nervous system stimulant; dopaminergic agent; sympathomimetic agent
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	2.05	1	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride: An enzyme inhibitor that inactivates IRC-50 arvin, subtilisin, and the fatty acid synthetase complex.. phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride : An acyl fluoride with phenylmethanesulfonyl as the acyl group.	2.05	1	acyl fluoride	serine proteinase inhibitor
primaquine Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.	2.05	1	aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; N-substituted diamine	antimalarial
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.05	1	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	2.05	1	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	2.05	1	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used principally in the treatment of NAUSEA; VOMITING; and VERTIGO. It is more likely than CHLORPROMAZINE to cause EXTRAPYRAMIDAL DISORDERS. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p612). prochlorperazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine having a chloro substituent at the 2-position and a 3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl group at the N-10 position.	3.31	1	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; phenothiazines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antiemetic; cholinergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic
promethazine Promethazine: A phenothiazine derivative with histamine H1-blocking, antimuscarinic, and sedative properties. It is used as an antiallergic, in pruritus, for motion sickness and sedation, and also in animals.. promethazine : A tertiary amine that is a substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropan-2-amine moiety.	2.05	1	phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; sedative
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
pyrimethamine Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds	2.5	2	aminopyrimidine; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
rabeprazole Rabeprazole: A 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methylpyridinyl derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.	2.05	1	benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide	anti-ulcer drug; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor
ranitidine [no description available]	2.05	1	aralkylamine
salmeterol xinafoate salmeterol : A racemate consisting of equal parts of (R)- and (S)-salmeterol. It is a potent and selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist (EC50 = 5.3 nM). Unlike other beta2 agonists, it binds to the exo-site domain of beta2 receptors, producing a slow onset of action and prolonged activation.. 2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl)phenol : A phenol having a hydroxymethyl group at C-2 and a 1-hydroxy-2-{[6-(4-phenylbutoxy)hexyl]amino}ethyl group at C-4; derivative of phenylethanolamine.	3.31	1	ether; phenols; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
risedronic acid Risedronic Acid: A pyridine and diphosphonic acid derivative that acts as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and inhibits BONE RESORPTION.	2.05	1	pyridines
stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.	2.97	4	long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.	2.44	2	isothiocyanate; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.03	1	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.05	1	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	2.05	1	diarylmethane
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	2.05	1	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	2.05	1	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	2.05	1	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	2.05	1	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	2.05	1	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
trifluoperazine [no description available]	2.05	1	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent.	2.05	1	oxazolidinone	anticonvulsant; geroprotector
trimethoprim Trimethoprim: A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.. trimethoprim : An aminopyrimidine antibiotic whose structure consists of pyrimidine 2,4-diamine and 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene moieties linked by a methylene bridge.	2.05	1	aminopyrimidine; methoxybenzenes	antibacterial drug; diuretic; drug allergen; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
tyramine [no description available]	2.54	2	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.05	1	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	2.05	1	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	2.06	1	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
paramethasone Paramethasone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of corticosteroids. It has been used by mouth in the treatment of all conditions in which corticosteroid therapy is indicated except adrenal-deficiency states for which its lack of sodium-retaining properties makes it less suitable than HYDROCORTISONE with supplementary FLUDROCORTISONE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p737)	2.05	1	fluorinated steroid
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.13	1	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	2.04	1	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cetrimonium bromide cetyltrimethylammonium bromide : The organic bromide salt that is the bromide salt of cetyltrimethylammonium; one of the components of the topical antiseptic cetrimide.	2.05	1	organic bromide salt; quaternary ammonium salt	detergent; surfactant
vincristine [no description available]	2.25	1	acetate ester; formamides; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2.97	4	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
kanamycin a Kanamycin: Antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kanamyceticus from Japanese soil. Comprises 3 components: kanamycin A, the major component, and kanamycins B and C, the minor components.. kanamycin : Kanamycin is a naturally occurring antibiotic complex from Streptomyces kanamyceticus that consists of several components: kanamycin A, the major component (also usually designated as kanamycin), and kanamycins B, C, D and X the minor components.	2.05	1	kanamycins	bacterial metabolite
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	2.41	1	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	2.05	1	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.01	1	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	7.15	1	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
n-methyltryptamine N-methyltryptamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1	tryptamine alkaloid; tryptamines	metabolite
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.1	1	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.07	1
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	2.03	1	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	3.25	1	psoralens	plant metabolite
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	2.05	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
cycloserine Cycloserine: Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.. D-cycloserine : A 4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one that has R configuration. It is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces garyphalus or S. orchidaceus and is used as part of a multi-drug regimen for the treatment of tuberculosis when resistance to, or toxicity from, primary drugs has developed. An analogue of D-alanine, it interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis in the cytoplasm by competitive inhibition of L-alanine racemase (which forms D-alanine from L-alanine) and D-alanine--D-alanine ligase (which incorporates D-alanine into the pentapeptide required for peptidoglycan formation and bacterial cell wall synthesis).	2.17	1	4-amino-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; zwitterion	antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antitubercular agent; metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
mannitol [no description available]	2.44	2	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	2.05	1	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
sulfobromophthalein sodium bromosulfophthalein sodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of bromosulfophthalein.. bromosulfophthalein : An organosulfonic acid that consists of phthalide bearing four bromo substituents at positions 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as two 4-hydroxy-3-sulfophenyl groups both located at position 1.	2.05	1	organic sodium salt	dye
ethylene Plastipore: high density polyethylene sponge biocompatible material; used as posts in dental bridges	2.17	1	alkene; gas molecular entity	plant hormone; refrigerant
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	3.01	4	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	2.03	1	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.05	1	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	7.21	1	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
skimmianine skimmianine: furanoquinoline alkaloid from Teclea (RUTACEAE)	2.46	2	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
pyocyanine Pyocyanine: Antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.. pyocyanine : An iminium betaine that is 5-methylphenazin-5-ium which is substituted at position 1 by an oxidanidyl group. An antibiotic pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.	2.15	1	iminium betaine; phenazines	antibacterial agent; bacterial metabolite; biological pigment; virulence factor
4,7-dichloroquinoline [no description available]	2.05	1
gramine gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3.	2.17	1	aminoalkylindole; indole alkaloid; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	3.25	1	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
pseudoephedrine Pseudoephedrine: A phenethylamine that is an isomer of EPHEDRINE which has less central nervous system effects and usage is mainly for respiratory tract decongestion.. pseudoephedrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.05	1	phenylethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; bronchodilator agent; central nervous system drug; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
quinoline [no description available]	2.07	1	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
uvitex swn Uvitex SWN: optical brightner from Ciba; structure	3.25	1	7-aminocoumarins	fluorochrome
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.06	1	xanthene
methyleugenol methyleugenol: structure	3.25	1	phenylpropanoid
benzoyl peroxide Benzoyl Peroxide: A peroxide derivative that has been used topically for BURNS and as a dermatologic agent in the treatment of ACNE and POISON IVY DERMATITIS. It is used also as a bleach in the food industry.	2.41	2	carbonyl compound
4-cymene 4-cymene: structure. p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4.	3.25	1	monoterpene; toluenes	human urinary metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.78	3	alkane
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	2.01	1	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	2.07	1	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
squalane [no description available]	2.03	1
stearyl alcohol octadecan-1-ol : A long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.. octadecanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of eighteen carbon atoms.	2.01	1	long-chain primary fatty alcohol; octadecanol	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
eicosane icosane : A straight chain alkane composed of 20 carbon atoms. It has been isolated from the leaves of Agave attenuata.	2.1	1	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite
desaspidin desaspidin: structure	3.25	1
phenformin Phenformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of METFORMIN. Although it is generally considered to be associated with an unacceptably high incidence of lactic acidosis, often fatal, it is still available in some countries. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). phenformin : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a 2-phenylethyl group. It was used as an anti-diabetic drug but was later withdrawn from the market due to potential risk of lactic acidosis.	2.05	1	biguanides	antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	2.06	1	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
scoparone scoparone: structure. scoparone : A member of the class of coumarins that is esculetin in which the two hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups. It is a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, and exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and anti-tumor activities.	3.35	1	aromatic ether; coumarins	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antilipemic drug; immunosuppressive agent; plant metabolite
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.04	1	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure	2.15	1	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
estragole estragole : A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group.	3.25	1	alkenylbenzene; monomethoxybenzene; phenylpropanoid	carcinogenic agent; flavouring agent; genotoxin; insect attractant; plant metabolite
sterogenol hexadecylpyridinium bromide: structure in first source. cetylpyridinium bromide : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion.	2.05	1	bromide salt; pyridinium salt	antiseptic drug; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; surfactant
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	2.08	1	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pregnenolone [no description available]	2.15	1	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	2.17	1	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
cycloguanil cycloguanil: the active metabolite of proguanil; antifolate drug; structure in first source. cycloguanil : A triazine in which a 1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine ring is substituted at N-1 by a 4-chlorophenyl group, at C-2 and -4 by amino groups and at C-6 by gem-dimethyl groups. A dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, it is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil.	2.05	1	triazines	antifolate; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	4.65	8	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	3.23	1	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	2.11	1	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	3.56	2	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
methyl-4-tyramine methyl-4-tyramine: found in barley malt; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.17	1	tyramines	mouse metabolite
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.05	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene: A narcotic analgesic structurally related to METHADONE. Only the dextro-isomer has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert an antitussive effect.. propoxyphene : A racemate of the (1R,2R)- and (1S,2R)- diastereoisomers.. dextropropoxyphene : The (1S,2R)-(+)-diastereoisomer of propoxyphene.	2.05	1	1-benzyl-3-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl propanoate	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
funiculosin (anthraquinone) funiculosin (anthraquinone): see also a pyridone cpd called funiculosin; structure	2	1	trihydroxyanthraquinone
plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively.	4.06	4	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols	anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite
cepharanthine cepharanthine: isoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of STEPHANIA; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation. cepharanthine : A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid from tubers of Stephania; stimulates recovery of immunologic function in lymphatic system after administration of antineoplastic agents or x-irradiation.	3.14	1	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.	2	1	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties.	2.05	1	isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline	antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	2.04	1	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
benzohydroxamic acid [no description available]	2.05	1
capillin capillin: insecticidal principle of Artemisia nilagirica Clarke	3.35	1	aromatic ketone; ynone
hexacosanoic acid hexacosanoic acid: a C(26) saturated acid. hexacosanoic acid : A 26-carbon, straight-chain, saturated fatty acid.	2.15	1	fatty acid 26:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid
oleanolic acid [no description available]	11.93	51	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
medroxyprogesterone [no description available]	2.05	1	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
physcione physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.	2.04	1	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
ricinine [no description available]	2.1	1	nitrile; pyridine alkaloid; pyridone
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	2.04	1	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	3	4	dialdehyde	biomarker
resazurin resazurin: used as indicator in detection of hyposulfite (sulfoxylate); in food research (reductase test); structure	2.06	1	phenoxazine
lignoceric acid lignoceric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetracosanoic acid : A C24 straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.04	1	straight-chain saturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	Daphnia tenebrosa metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	4.93	4	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
n-methylphenethylamine N-methylphenethylamine: substrate for type A & B monoamine oxidase; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.17	1
megestrol acetate [no description available]	2.05	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetate ester; steroid ester	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
galactitol [no description available]	2.06	1	hexitol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.05	1	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
n-tetradecane tetradecane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 14 carbon atoms.	2.1	1	long-chain alkane	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.05	1	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
ethyl gallate ethyl gallate: used with osmium in procedure for mapping neuronal pathways. ethyl gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with ethanol.	2.01	1	gallate ester	plant metabolite
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	2.17	1	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.03	1	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	3.14	1
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.47	2	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
sulfadoxine Sulfadoxine: A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.. sulfadoxine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine having methoxy substituents at the 5- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 4-position. In combination with the antiprotozoal pyrimethamine (CHEBI:8673) it is used as an antimalarial.	2.05	1	pyrimidines; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antimalarial
acetophenazine acetophenazine: major descriptor (73-85); minor descriptor (64-72); on-line search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-85); Index Medicus search PHENOTHIAZINES (64-72); ACETOPHENAZINE (73-85); RN given refers to parent cpd. acetophenazine : A member of the class of phenothiazines that is 10H-phenothiazine substituted by a 3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl group at the nitogen atom and an acetyl group at position 2.	2.05	1	N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-alkylpiperazine; phenothiazines	phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	2.04	1	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine Butylhydroxybutylnitrosamine: A substituted carcinogenic nitrosamine.. N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine : A nitrosamine that has butyl and 4-hydroxybutyl substituents. In mice, it causes high-grade, invasive cancers in the urinary bladder, but not in any other tissues.	2.53	2	nitrosamine; primary alcohol	carcinogenic agent
beclomethasone [no description available]	2.05	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; chlorinated steroid; corticosteroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory drug
tabersonine [no description available]	2.17	1	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
pyrodifenium bromide pyrodifenium bromide: was heading 1976-94 (see under PYRROLIDINES 1976-90); PRIFINIUM BROMIDE was see PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94: use PYRROLIDINES to search PYRODIFENIUM BROMIDE 1976-94; quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent more specific for the gastrointestinal tract than atropine	2.05	1	organic molecular entity
helenalin helenalin: toxic principle of Helenium microcephalum (smallhead sneezeweed); structure. helenalin : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3,3a,4,4a,7a,8,9,9a-octahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3 (the 3aS,4S,4aR,7aR,8R,9aR stereoisomer).. NF-kappaB inhibitor : An inhibitor of NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), a protein complex involved in the transcription of DNA.	3.14	1	cyclic ketone; gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; sesquiterpene lactone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite; plant metabolite
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	2.39	2	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	2.17	1	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	7.57	2	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.02	1	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	2.03	1	dihydrogen
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	1.95	1	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	2.35	2	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
sodium selenite disodium selenite : An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and selenite ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.13	1	inorganic sodium salt; selenite salt	nutraceutical
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2	1	cadmium coordination entity
amopyroquine amopyroquine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1
nitidine chloride [no description available]	2.02	1
xipamide Xipamide: A sulfamoylbenzamide analog of CLOPAMIDE. It is diuretic and saluretic with antihypertensive activity. It is bound to PLASMA PROTEINS, thus has a delayed onset and prolonged action.	2.05	1	benzamides
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	2.05	1	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
7-methyljuglone 7-methyljuglone: antineoplastic from roots of Euclea natalensis and Drosera aliciae; structure in first source	2.02	1	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	3.13	5	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
danazol Danazol: A synthetic steroid with antigonadotropic and anti-estrogenic activities that acts as an anterior pituitary suppressant by inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins. It possesses some androgenic properties. Danazol has been used in the treatment of endometriosis and some benign breast disorders.	2.05	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	anti-estrogen; estrogen antagonist; geroprotector
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	2.04	1	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
bromocriptine Bromocriptine: A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion.	3.61	2	indole alkaloid	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; hormone antagonist
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.99	4	benzenes; phenyl acetates
4-anisaldehyde 4-anisaldehyde: RN given refers to cpd with specified locants for methoxy moieties; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #696. p-methoxybenzaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes consisting of benzaldehyde itself carrying a methoxy substituent at position 4.	2.05	1	benzaldehydes	bacterial metabolite; human urinary metabolite; insect repellent; plant metabolite
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	2.05	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.	2.05	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antiprotozoal drug
halazepam halazepam: structure	2.05	1	organic molecular entity
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	2.95	4	organic calcium salt
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.47	2	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
dexchlorpheniramine dexchlorpheniramine: RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer	2.05	1	chlorphenamine
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	2.05	1	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
amineptin amineptin: used in treatment of neuroses with psychoasthenic, anxio-phobic & depressive manifestations; synonym S 1694 refers to HCl; structure. amineptine : A carbocyclic fatty acid that is 5-aminoheptanoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulen-5-yl group. A tricyclic antidepressant, it was never approved in the US and was withdrawn from the French market in 1999 due to concerns over abuse, dependence and severe acne.	2.05	1	amino acid; carbocyclic fatty acid; carbotricyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; dopamine uptake inhibitor
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.25	1	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	3.65	2	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
etoposide [no description available]	2.43	2	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
halofantrine halofantrine: used in treatment of mild to moderate acute malaria	2.05	1	phenanthrenes
amikacin Amikacin: A broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from KANAMYCIN. It is reno- and oto-toxic like the other aminoglycoside antibiotics.. amikacin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin A acylated at the N-1 position by a 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl group.	2.17	1	alpha-D-glucoside; amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside; carboxamide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; nephrotoxin
hydroxymaprotilin hydroxymaprotilin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.05	1
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
tocainide Tocainide: An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS.. tocainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide in which 2,6-dimethylphenylaniline and isobutyric acid have combined to form the amide bond; used as a local anaesthetic.	2.05	1	monocarboxylic acid amide	anti-arrhythmia drug; local anaesthetic; sodium channel blocker
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.05	1
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	2.05	1	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	2.57	2	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	2.1	1	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
pinazepam pinazepam: structure	2.05	1	benzodiazepine
mefloquine (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-mefloquine : An optically active form of [2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol having (-)-(11S,2'R)-erythro-configuration. An antimalarial agent, used in racemic form, which acts as a blood schizonticide; its mechanism of action is unknown.	3.31	1	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol	antimalarial
butibufen butibufen: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	monoterpenoid
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	2.05	1	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
staurosporine [no description available]	2.05	1	indolocarbazole alkaloid; organic heterooctacyclic compound	apoptosis inducer; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; geroprotector
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	2.01	1	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	2.05	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
piritrexim piritrexim: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.05	1
bambuterol bambuterol: selective inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase & acetylcholinesterase. bambuterol : A carbamate ester that is terbutaline in which both of the phenolic hydroxy groups have been protected as the corresponding N,N-dimethylcarbamates. A long acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma, it is a prodrug for terbutaline.	2.05	1	carbamate ester; phenylethanolamines	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; prodrug; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
salmeterol xinafoate Salmeterol Xinafoate: A selective ADRENERGIC BETA-2 RECEPTOR agonist that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR when administered by inhalation. It is used to manage the symptoms of ASTHMA and CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE.	2.05	1	naphthoic acid
ibandronic acid Ibandronic Acid: Aminobisphosphonate that is a potent inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION. It is used in the treatment of HYPERCALCEMIA associated with malignancy, for the prevention of fracture and bone complications in patients with breast cancer and bone metastases, and for the treatment and prevention of POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS.	2.05	1
benzylaminopurine benzylaminopurine: a plant growth regulator. N-benzyladenine : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group is replaced by a benzyl group.	2.31	1	6-aminopurines	cytokinin; plant metabolite
trovafloxacin trovafloxacin: a trifluoronaphthyridone derivative of 7-(3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexyl)naphthyridone; has antineoplastic activity. trovafloxacin : A 1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid bearing additional 2,4-difluorophenyl, fluoro and 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-yl substituents at positions 1, 6 and 7 respectively. A broad-spectrum antibiotic that was withdrawn from the market due to risk of liver failure.	2.05	1
nelfinavir Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.	3.31	1	aryl sulfide; benzamides; organic heterobicyclic compound; phenols; secondary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; HIV protease inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	3.56	8	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
ursolic acid [no description available]	5.04	12	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
propamidine propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.	2.05	1	aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug
betulinic acid [no description available]	7.08	42	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalin [no description available]	3.31	1	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	3.15	1	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
cholesteryl succinate cholesteryl succinate: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer. cholesteryl hemisuccinate : A dicarboxylic acid monoester resulting from the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of cholesterol with one of the carboxy groups of succinic acid. A detergent that is often used to replace cholesterol in protein crystallography, biochemical studies of proteins, and pharmacology.	2.11	1	cholestane ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate	detergent
1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose pentagalloylglucose: pentahydroxy gallic acid ester of glucose; a phytogenic antineoplastic agent and antibacterial agent. 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose : A galloyl-beta-D-glucose compound having five galloyl groups in the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.17	1	gallate ester; galloyl beta-D-glucose	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite; radiation protective agent; radical scavenger
sinefungin [no description available]	2.05	1	adenosines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
droxicam droxicam: structure given in first source. droxicam : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2H,5H-[1,3]oxazino[5,6-c][1,2]benzothiazine-2,4(3H)-dione 6,6-dioxide substituted at positions 3 and 5 by pyridin-2-yl and methyl groups respectively. A prodrug of piroxicam, it is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.	2.05	1	organic heterotricyclic compound; pyridines	cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prodrug
etofibrate etofibrate: analog of clofibrate with nicotinic acid substituted on the 2-carbon of the ethyl ester group; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	monocarboxylic acid
dexfenfluramine Dexfenfluramine: The S-isomer of FENFLURAMINE. It is a serotonin agonist and is used as an anorectic. Unlike fenfluramine, it does not possess any catecholamine agonist activity.. (S)-fenfluramine : The S-enantiomer of fenfluramine. It stimulates the release of serotonin and selectively inhibits its reuptake, but unlike fenfluramine it does not possess catecholamine agonist activity. It was formerly given by mouth as the hydrochloride in the treatment of obesity, but, like fenfluramine, was withdrawn wolrdwide following reports of valvular heart defects.	2.05	1	fenfluramine	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
synthalin a synthalin A: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. synthalin : A hydrochloride resulting from the reaction of decamethylenediguanidine with 2 mol eq. of hydrogen chloride.. synthalin A : A member of the class of guanidines that is decane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 10-positions.	2.05	1	guanidines	hepatotoxic agent; hypoglycemic agent; nephrotoxin
pinocembrin pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea.	3.59	2	(2S)-flavan-4-one; dihydroxyflavanone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent
ibopamine ibopamine: structure given in UD 31;67a & in 2nd source	2.05	1	benzoate ester; phenols
zoledronic acid Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS.. zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position.	2.05	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles	bone density conservation agent
pirlindole pirlindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; synonym pyrazidol refers to mono-HCl; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #2812	2.05	1	carbazoles
artemisinin (+)-artemisinin : A sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	3.35	1	organic peroxide; sesquiterpene lactone	antimalarial; plant metabolite
artemether Artemether: An artemisinin derivative that is used in the treatment of MALARIA.. artemether : An artemisinin derivative that is artemisinin in which the lactone has been converted to the corresponding lactol methyl ether. It is used in combination with lumefantrine as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria.	3.61	2	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; organic peroxide; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial
indole-3-carboxylic acid indole-3-carboxylic acid : An indole-3-carboxylic acid carrying a carboxy group at position 3.	2.1	1	indol-3-yl carboxylic acid	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
isoscopoletin isoscopoletin : A hydroxycoumarin that is esculetin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It is the major primary metabolite of scoparone.	2.04	1	aromatic ether; hydroxycoumarin	plant metabolite
6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate 6-amino-1-hydroxyhexane-1,1-diphosphonate: used for therapy of Paget's disease of bone & malignant hypercalcaemia	2.05	1	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)
rexigen clobenzorex: RN given refers to (+)-isomer; structure	2.05	1
aceclofenac [no description available]	2.05	1	amino acid; carboxylic ester; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clociguanil clociguanil: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1
tebuquine [no description available]	2.05	1
epicatechin (-)-epicatechin : A catechin with (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.05	1	catechin; polyphenol	antioxidant
tetrahydropalmatine [no description available]	3.14	1	an (S)-7,8,13,14-tetrahydroprotoberberine; berberine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	adrenergic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
honokiol [no description available]	3.31	1	biphenyls
sesamin (+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	3.62	2	benzodioxoles; furofuran; lignan	antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
betulin betulin: isolated from various white birch bark (BETULA). betulin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is lupane having a double bond at position 20(29) as well as 3beta-hydroxy and 28-hydroxymethyl substituents.	5.14	43	diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid	analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; metabolite
lycorine lycorine: from bulbs of LYCORIS & other plants; RN given refers to (1 alpha,2 beta)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5444. lycorine : An indolizidine alkaloid that is 3,12-didehydrogalanthan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions and 2 and a methylenedioxy group across positions 9 and 10. Isolated from Crinum asiaticum, it has been shown to exhibit antimalarial activity.	4.11	2	indolizidine alkaloid	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
pacein PAcein: structure. pacein : A member of the class of benzofurans that is dibenzo[b,d]furan-3,7-dione bearing two methyl substituents at positions 1 and 9 as well as two 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylanilino substituents at positions 2 and 8.. orcein : A variable mixture of several compounds isolated from lichens, the eight most abundant being alpha-aminoorcein, alpha-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorcein, gamma-aminoorcein, beta-hydroxyorcein, gamma-hydroxyorcein, beta-aminoorceimine and beta-aminoorceimine (all are phenoxazine-based). It is used for the demonstration of elastic fibres as well as to stain the rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatitis B infected liver cells.	3.31	1
skyrin skyrin: main pigment of toxin rice fungus Penicillium islandicum; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2	1	biaryl; trihydroxyanthraquinone
beta-amyrin beta-amyrin: alpha-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from oleanane that differs from alpha-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 20 position; RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer. beta-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted at the 3beta-position by a hydroxy group and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13. It is one of the most commonly occurring triterpenoids in higher plants.	6.71	27	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-amyrin alpha-amyrin: beta-amyrin is also available; a 5 ring triterpene derived from taraxasterol that differs from beta-amyrin in having the 29-carbon at the 19 position. alpha-amyrin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is ursane which contains a double bond between positions 12 and 13 and in which the hydrogen at the 3beta position is substituted by a hydroxy group.	3.3	6	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol
pinostrobin [no description available]	3.14	1	monohydroxyflavanone; monomethoxyflavanone	antidote; plant metabolite
isoalantolactone isoalantolactone: RN given refers to (3aR-(3aalpha,4aalpha,8abeta,9aalpha))-isomer; structure. isoalantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone of the eudesmanolide group. It has been isolated from Inula helenium.	3.35	1	eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; sesquiterpene lactone	antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
pinoresinol (+)-pinoresinol : An enantiomer of pinoresinol having (+)-1S,3aR,4S,6aR-configuration.	2.15	1	pinoresinol	hypoglycemic agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
madecassic acid [no description available]	2.25	1	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tetrol	antioxidant; plant metabolite
betulinic acid methyl ester betulinic acid methyl ester: from the roots of Saussurea lappa; structure in first source	2.41	2	triterpenoid
tryptanthrine tryptanthrine: minor constituent of traditional Chinese medicine qing dai	3.23	1	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
maslinic acid (2Alpha,3beta)-2,3-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid: from Luehea divaricata and Agrimonia eupatoria	4.12	4	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
atovaquone Atovaquone: A hydroxynaphthoquinone that has antimicrobial activity and is being used in antimalarial protocols.. atovaquone : A naphthoquinone compound having a 4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl group at the 2-position and a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position.	2.05	1	hydroxy-1,2-naphthoquinone
methyl alpha-d-galactopyranoside methyl-galactopyranoside: structure in first source. methyl alpha-D-galactoside : An alpha-D-galactoside having a methyl substituent at the anomeric position.	2.04	1	alpha-D-galactoside; methyl D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.1	1	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
cryptolepine cryptolepine: fused indole-quinoline; structure in first source; from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta. cryptolepine : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 5H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline in which the hydrogen at position N-5 is replaced by a methyl group.	3.55	2	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; cysteine protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
cinchonine [no description available]	2.05	1	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
friedelin 3-friedelanone: from the stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis; structure in first source. friedelin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork.	3.75	10	cyclic terpene ketone; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antipyretic; non-narcotic analgesic; plant metabolite
7-ketocholesterol 7-ketocholesterol: inhibits uptake of cholesterol in rabbit aorta. 7-ketocholesterol : A cholestanoid that consists of cholesterol bearing an oxo substituent at position 7.	7.25	1	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; 7-oxo steroid; cholestanoid	neuroprotective agent
3,4-(dichloro)-5-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanone 3,4-(dichloro)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone: structure given in first source	3.14	1
taraxerol taraxerol: structure. taraxerol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanan-3-ol lacking the methyl group at position 14, with an alpha-methyl substituent at position 13 and a double bond between positions 14 and 15.	3.15	5	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	metabolite
cycloartenol [no description available]	2.47	2	3beta-sterol; pentacyclic triterpenoid; phytosterols	plant metabolite
succinyl-coenzyme a [no description available]	2.1	1	omega-carboxyacyl-CoA	Escherichia coli metabolite; inhibitor; mouse metabolite
diploptene diploptene: biosynthesized in a cell-free system from Acetobacter pasteurianum in the presence of squalene. hop-22(29)-ene : A triterpene consisting of hopane having a C=C double bond at the 22(29)-position.	2.03	1	triterpene
beta-amyrin acetate [no description available]	4.06	5	triterpenoid
3-acetyllupeol 3-acetyllupeol: from root of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud; RN refers to (3beta)-isomer	3.82	11	organic molecular entity	metabolite
lupenone lupenone: structure in first source	9.36	19	triterpenoid	metabolite
n-hexadecyl-n,n-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate [no description available]	2.05	1
taraxerone taraxerone: structure	2.03	1	scalarane sesterterpenoid	metabolite
uvaol uvaol: from Vauquelinia corymbosa (Rosaceae)	3.15	5	triterpenoid	metabolite
phomenone phomenone: structure	3.14	1	sesquiterpenoid
desethylchloroquine desethylchloroquine: metabolite of chloroquine	2.05	1	aminoquinoline
4',5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone 4',5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone: structure given in first source; from plant Eupatorium odoratum. 4',5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone : A tetramethoxyflavone that is the tetra-O-methyl derivative of scutellarein.	2.15	1	tetramethoxyflavone	antimutagen; plant metabolite
eupatorin eupatorin: a flavonoid from the East Asian medicinal plant Orthosiphon spicatus; prevents oxidative inactivation of 15-lipoxygenase; structure given in first source. eupatorin : A trimethoxyflavone that is 6-hydroxyluteolin in which the phenolic hydogens at positions 4', 6 and 7 have been replaced by methyl groups.	3.35	1	dihydroxyflavone; polyphenol; trimethoxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Brassica napus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; P450 inhibitor; vasodilator agent
phellopterin phellopterin: a naturally occurring furanocoumarin found in roots of Angelica dahurica; structure in first source	1.99	1	psoralens
quindoline quindoline: a fused indole-quinoline alkaloid from CRYPTOLEPIS sanguinolenta; structure	2.17	1
diosgenin [no description available]	2.03	1	3beta-sterol; hexacyclic triterpenoid; sapogenin; spiroketal	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
Lup-20(29)-en-28-al, 3beta-hydroxy- [no description available]	2.74	3	triterpenoid
syringaresinol [no description available]	2.05	1	aromatic ether; furofuran; lignan; polyether; polyphenol	plant metabolite
loliolide loliolide: RN given refers to (6S-cis)-isomer	2.44	2	benzofurans	metabolite
wr 159412 [no description available]	2.05	1
karanjin karanjin: structure given in first source	2.06	1	extended flavonoid
friedelinol friedelinol: isolated from seeds of Aster auriculatus Franch; structure given in first source; RN given refers to friedelanol (friedelinol), the (3alpha)-isomer	2.04	1
cycloleucalenol cycloleucalenol: structure	2.49	2	3beta-sterol; pentacyclic triterpenoid; phytosterols
cinchonidine cinchonidine: has antimalarial activity; diastereoisomer of cinchonine with distinct physiochemical properties; RN given refers to parent cpd(8alpha,9R)-isomer. cinchonidine : 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.	2.05	1	(8xi)-cinchonan-9-ol; cinchona alkaloid	metabolite
erythrodiol [no description available]	2.42	2	diol; pentacyclic triterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	plant metabolite
benzyloxyamine benzyloxyamine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1
pregnenolone sulfate pregnenolone sulfate: RN given refers to (3 beta)-isomer	2.15	1	steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite
pyronaridine [no description available]	2.05	1	aminoquinoline
tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.17	1	beta-carbolines
gamma-fagarine gamma-fagarine: active alkaloid of Chinese medicines from Dictamni radicis cortex (Rutaceae); structure given in first source	2.05	1	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
triptolide [no description available]	3.35	1	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
asiaticoside [no description available]	3.21	1
parthenolide [no description available]	2.05	1	germacranolide
pumiliotoxin c pumiliotoxin C: isolated from skin of Dendrobates pumilio (frog); see also records for pumiliotoxin A, pumiliotoxin B & pumiliotoxins	2.17	1
dimethyldioxirane dimethyldioxirane: structure given in first source; powerful oxidizing agent	2.03	1
taraxasterol taraxasterol: from Cirsium segetum. taraxasterol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is taraxastane with a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	2.77	3	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite
tafenoquine tafenoquine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tafenoquine.. N(4)-{2,6-dimethoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinolin-8-yl}pentane-1,4-diamine : An aminoquinoline that is 8-aminoquinoline which is substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6, a methyl group at position 4, and a m-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5, and in which the amino substituent at position 8 is itself substituted by a 5-aminopentan-2-yl group.	2.05	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aminoquinoline; aromatic ether; primary amino compound; secondary amino compound
asiatic acid [no description available]	3.71	2	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol	angiogenesis modulating agent; metabolite
cynaropicrin cynaropicrin: structure given in first source; RN given for ((3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha,8beta,9aalpha,9bbeta)))-isomer	2.41	1	sesquiterpene lactone
aspidin bb [no description available]	3.25	1
desethylamodiaquine desethylamodiaquine: metabolite of amodiaquine	2.05	1
diazaquinomycin a diazaquinomycin A: structure given in first source	2.17	1	quinolone
n,n-dideethylchloroquine [no description available]	2.05	1
astragaloside a [no description available]	3.21	1
celastrol [no description available]	3.89	3	monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; metabolite
betulonic acid betulonic acid: isolated from Rush javanica; strucure in first source	2.42	2	triterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
aromadedrin aromadedrin: inhibits protein kinase C; the dihydro makes it a flavone rather than a flavonol. (+)-dihydrokaempferol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having hydroxy groupa at the 3-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions.	2.44	2	4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroflavonols; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetrahydroxyflavanone	metabolite
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.	2.04	1	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antigen
swertisin swertisin: from Wilbrandia ebracteata; structure in first source. swertisin : A flavone C-glycoside that is 7-O-methylapigenin in which the hydrogen at position 6 has been replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	7.52	2	dihydroxyflavone; flavone C-glycoside; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; polyphenol	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
fraxinellone fraxinellone: structure given in first source; RN given for (3R-cis)-isomer	2.17	1	2-benzofurans
glabridin [no description available]	2.17	1	hydroxyisoflavans	antiplasmodial drug
3,6-diamino-9-(4-(methylsulfonyl)aminophenyl)aminoacridine [no description available]	2.05	1
ne 58051 NE 58051: inhibits tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrices; structure in first source	2.05	1
6-bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-7-methyl-2,3,7-trichloro-1-octene 6-bromo-3-(bromomethyl)-7-methyl-2,3,7-trichloro-1-octene: structure given in first source	2.17	1	monoterpenoid; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound	algal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; marine metabolite
wr 242511 WR 242511: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1
cycloastragenol [no description available]	3.21	1
phytol [no description available]	2.13	1
sinensetin sinensetin: isolated from citrus fruit; exhibit antiadhesive action on platelets. sinensetin : A pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.15	1	pentamethoxyflavone	plant metabolite
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.08	1	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ezetimibe Ezetimibe: An azetidine derivative and ANTICHOLESTEREMIC AGENT that inhibits intestinal STEROL absorption. It is used to reduce total CHOLESTEROL; LDL CHOLESTEROL, and APOLIPOPROTEINS B in the treatment of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.. ezetimibe : A beta-lactam that is azetidin-2-one which is substituted at 1, 3, and 4 by p-fluorophenyl, 3-(p-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxypropyl, and 4-hydroxyphenyl groups, respectively (the 3R,3'S,4S enantiomer).	3.31	1	azetidines; beta-lactam; organofluorine compound	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite
oleanolic acid 3-acetate oleanolic acid 3-acetate: from Gardenia jasminoides; RN given for (3beta)-isomer	2.07	1
5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone 5-hydroxy-3',4',6,7-tetramethoxyflavone: isolated from Artemisia argyi	3.35	1
moxifloxacin Moxifloxacin: A fluoroquinolone that acts as an inhibitor of DNA TOPOISOMERASE II and is used as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent.. moxifloxacin : A quinolone that consists of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid bearing a cyclopropyl substituent at position 1, a fluoro substitiuent at position 6, a (4aS,7aS)-octahydro-6H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridin-6-yl group at position 7 and a methoxy substituent at position 8. A member of the fluoroquinolone class of antibacterial agents.	2.06	1	aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; pyrrolidinopiperidine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug
schizandrin a schizandrin A: the major lignan, 2-9%, of Schisandra plant; has hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities	3.31	1
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.05	1	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
pseudonicotine pseudonicotine: structure. (R)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has R-configuration.	2.17	1	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine
wilforlide a wilforlide A: form Tripterygium regelii; Chinese medicinal plant extract	2.05	1
cirsiliol cirsiliol: potent inhibitor of arachidonate lipooxygenase. cirsiliol : A dimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and hydroxy groups at positions 5, 3' and 4' respectively.	3.35	1	dimethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.03	1
cyc 202 seliciclib : 2,6-Diaminopurine carrying benzylamino, (2R)-1-hydroxybutan-2-yl and isopropyl substituents at C-6, C-2-N and N-9 respectively. It is an experimental drug candidate in the family of pharmacological cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors.	2.05	1	2,6-diaminopurines	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
3-hydroxystigmast-5-en-7-one [no description available]	2.52	2	steroid
sweroside [no description available]	2.13	1	glycoside
maprounic acid maprounic acid: from Maprounea africana; structure given in first source. maprounic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Maprounea africana and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.	2.04	1	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; plant metabolite
deferrioxamine e deferrioxamine E: may act as siderophore in Streptomyces. desferrioxamine E : A cyclic hydroxamic acid siderophore that is produced by several bacterial species and exhibits antitumour activity.	2.17	1	cyclic desferrioxamine; cyclic hydroxamic acid; macrocycle	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; siderophore
acetyl aleuritolic acid acetyl aleuritolic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from the leaves of Garcia parviflora.	2.04	1	acetate ester; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
aloenin aloenin: bitter glucoside constituent of Aloe arborescens; structure given in first source	2.05	1	glycoside
isovitexin [no description available]	2.08	1	C-glycosyl compound; trihydroxyflavone	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; metabolite
cirsilineol cirsilineol: isolated from Thymus carnosus Boiss.. cirsilineol : A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6, 7 and 3' and hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4' respectively.	3.35	1	dihydroxyflavone; trimethoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
secoxyloganin secoxyloganin: from Guettarda playpoda. secoxyloganin : A secoiridoid glycoside that is [(2R,3R,4S)-2-hydroxy-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-3-vinyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]acetic acid in which the anometric hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It has been isolated from several plant species and exhibits antioxidant and anti-allergic properties.	2.13	1	beta-D-glucoside; dicarboxylic acid monoester; enoate ester; methyl ester; monosaccharide derivative; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside	anti-allergic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
methylinositol methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol.	3.25	1
4'-hydroxyflavanone 4'-hydroxyflavanone: structure in first source. 4'-hydroxyflavanones : Any hydroxyflavanone having a hydroxy substituent located at position 4'.	2.17	1	4'-hydroxyflavanones; monohydroxyflavanone
leucodin leucodin: structure in first source	3.35	1	sesquiterpene lactone
10-gingerol [no description available]	3.25	1	beta-hydroxy ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols
campesterol campesterol: RN refers to (3beta,24R)-isomer; structure	2.95	4	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C28-steroid; phytosterols	mouse metabolite
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	2.05	1
yomogin yomogin: eudesmane sesquiterpene from Artemisia princeps; inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase production in macrophages; structure in first source	3.35	1
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	2.01	1
erlotinib [no description available]	3.31	1	aromatic ether; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; terminal acetylenic compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist; protein kinase inhibitor
isoline isoline: a major retronecine-type pyrrolizidine alkaloid from Ligularia duciformis; structure in first source	2.04	1
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	7.03	1	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
oleuropeic acid oleuropeic acid: structure in first source	2.25	1
deflazacort deflazacort: structure	2.05	1	corticosteroid hormone
diisocyanoadociane diisocyanoadociane: RN given for (1R-(1alpha,2alpha,3abeta,5alpha,5aalpha,8alpha,8aalpha,10abeta,10balpha,10cbeta))-isomer; structure in first source	3.14	1
olpadronic acid [no description available]	2.05	1
sorafenib [no description available]	7.6	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
sitosterol, (3beta)-isomer Sobatum: tradename; active fraction of Solanum trilobatum; reduces side-effects of radiation-induced toxicity. sitosterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is stigmast-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3.	3.87	4	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; C29-steroid; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	anticholesteremic drug; antioxidant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol methyltransferase inhibitor
norcoralydine norcoralydine: neuromuscular blocking agent; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure	3.14	1	alkaloid
stigmastanol stigmastanol: saturated analog of beta-sitosterol; RN given refers to (3beta,5alpha)-isomer. stigmastanol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 5alpha-stigmastane which is substituted at the 3beta position by a hydroxy group.	2.43	2	3-hydroxy steroid; phytosterols	anticholesteremic drug; plant metabolite
anisomycin Anisomycin: An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.. (-)-anisomycin : An antibiotic isolated from various Streptomyces species. It interferes with protein and DNA synthesis by inhibiting peptidyl transferase or the 80S ribosome system.	3.14	1	monohydroxypyrrolidine; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiparasitic agent; bacterial metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; protein synthesis inhibitor
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	3.59	2
estramustine Estramustine: A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.. estramustine : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of 17beta-estradiol with the carboxy group of bis(2-chloroethyl)carbamic acid.	2.05	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; carbamate ester; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; radiation protective agent
withanolides Withanolides: Ergostane derivatives of 28 carbons with oxygens at C1, C22, and C26 positions and the side chain cyclized. They are found in WITHANIA plant genus and have cytotoxic and other effects.	2.13	1
dentatin dentatin: from Clausena excavata; structure in first source	3.14	1	coumarins	metabolite
amyrin acetate [no description available]	2.47	2
pomolic acid pomolic acid: from Rosa woodsii & Hyptis capitata; structure in first source	3.88	3	triterpenoid	metabolite
ochraceolide a ochraceolide A: structure given in first source; isolated from Kokoona ochracea stem bark	2.43	2
neocryptolepine neocryptolepine: isolated from the roots of the African plant Cryptolepis sanguinolenta; structure in first source	2.05	1
aglafoline aglafoline: a platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source; isolated from Aglaia elliptifolia. aglafolin : A heterotricyclic compound based on a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a and methoxy groups at C-6 and C-8. A platelet aggregation inhibitor found in Aglaia elliptifolia and Aglaia odorata.	3.41	1	methyl ester; organic heterotricyclic compound	metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
crinine crinine: structure in first source	2.17	1	alkaloid
bardoxolone methyl methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oate: structure in first source	3.27	1	cyclohexenones
1-hydroxypentane-1,1-bisphosphonate [no description available]	2.05	1
cimadronate cimadronate: increases serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in rats via stimulating renal 1-hydroxylase activity; structure given in first source	2.05	1
1,1-hydroxyoctanodiphosphonate [no description available]	2.05	1
cucurbitacin f cucurbitacin F: structure in first source	2.11	1
mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid.	2.03	1	3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	3.31	1	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	2.05	1	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
daphnin [no description available]	2.07	1	beta-D-glucoside
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.11	1	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	2.17	1	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.05	1	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.05	1	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
limonene-1,2-epoxide limonene-1,2-epoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (4R)-limonene 1,2-epoxide : The (R)-enantiomer of limonene 1,2-epoxide.	3.25	1	limonene 1,2-epoxide
kanamycin sulfate [no description available]	2.04	1	aminoglycoside sulfate salt	antibacterial drug; geroprotector
canaline canaline: structure	2.05	1	amino acid zwitterion; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite
hemanthamine [no description available]	3.14	1	alkaloid
euphol euphol: from Euphorbia acaulis Roxb.; structure given in first source	2.6	1	triterpenoid
ginsenoside re [no description available]	2.05	1	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; nephroprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
decursin decursin: activates protein kinase C; isolated from the root of Angelica gigas; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.05	1	coumarins
abyssinone v abyssinone V: isolated from Erythrina sigboidea; RN from Chemical Abstracts Index Guide; structure given in first source. abyssinone V : A trihydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and prenyl groups at positions 3' and 5' respectively.	2.15	1	4'-hydroxyflavanones; phenols; trihydroxyflavanone	metabolite
micheliolide micheliolide: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.17	1	sesquiterpene lactone
naringin [no description available]	7.6	1	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; neohesperidoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
swertiamarin swertiamarin: seco-iridoid glucoside from Swertia japonica;	7.15	1	glycoside
gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.	3.25	1	beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	3.16	5
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	2.01	1	tripeptide
1-O-Acetyllycorine 1-acetyllycorine: has antiviral activity; structure in first source	3.31	1	alkaloid
pancracine pancracine: structure in first source	2.17	1	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; isoquinoline alkaloid
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.53	2	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	2.76	3	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.41	2	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	4.37	3	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.44	2	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	3.19	5	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	2	1	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
lycopene [no description available]	4.06	2	acyclic carotene	antioxidant; plant metabolite
zithromax Azithromycin: A semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic structurally related to ERYTHROMYCIN. It has been used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infections, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.. azithromycin : A macrolide antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections.	2.25	1	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.01	1	N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide
steviol steviol: aglucon of stevioside; RN given refers to (4alpha)-isomer. steviol : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is 5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid in which the hydrogen at position 13 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.41	1	bridged compound; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid; tertiary allylic alcohol; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	2.04	1
purvalanol a 6-((3-chloro)anilino)-2-(isopropyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-9-isopropylpurine: purvalanol A is the (1R)-isomer;	2.05	1	purvalanol
artenimol [no description available]	3.35	1
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.01	1	actinomycin	mutagen
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	5.3	50	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
bevirimat bevirimat: an HIV inhibitor; disrupts late step in processing HIV Major Core Protein p24, preventing the capsid precursor p25 from being converted to mature capsid p24. bevirimat : A pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained by the formal condensation of 2,2-dimethylsuccinic acid with the 3-hydroxy group of betulinic acid. It is isolated from the Chinese herb Syzygium claviflorum. The first in the class of HIV-1 maturation inhibitors to be studied in humans, bevirimat was identified as a potent HIV drug candidate and several clinical trials were conducted, but development into a new drug was plagued by numerous resistance-related problems.	2.11	1	dicarboxylic acid monoester; monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	HIV-1 maturation inhibitor; metabolite
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.05	1	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
posaconazole [no description available]	3.31	1	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxolanes; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	trypanocidal drug
betulonal betulonal: originally isolated from white birch bark (Betula pendula); structure in first source	2.71	3
3-epi-betulinic acid [no description available]	2.42	2
Tetrahydropiperine [no description available]	2.05	1	benzodioxoles
racemosol racemosol: from Bauhinia malabarica Roxb; don't confuse with stemanthrene D from STEMONA that was sometimes called racemosol;	3.14	1
8,8'-biplumbagin 8,8'-biplumbagin: structure given in first source; isolated from the Bolivian plant Pera benesis	2.45	2
carbenoxolone [no description available]	3.61	2
cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes.	3.25	1	3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes	antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent
2-hydroxycinnamic acid trans-2-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid.. 2-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring.	2.15	1	2-coumaric acid; phenols	antioxidant; metabolite
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.52	2	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
anethole anethole: an isomer of estragole; structurally similar to CAPSAICIN; has some neurological and insecticidal and skin absorption effects; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer. anethole : A monomethoxybenzene that is methoxybenzene substituted by a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.. trans-anethole : The trans-stereoisomer of anethole.	3.25	1	anethole	flavouring agent
geraniol [no description available]	7.21	1	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
glycosides [no description available]	8.34	6
citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange.	3.31	1	enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal	plant metabolite; volatile oil component
piperine piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	2.5	2	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	2.97	4	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	4.96	4	stilbene
isoliquiritigenin [no description available]	2.15	1	chalcones	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist
trichodermamide b trichodermamide B: from cultures of the marine-derived fungus Trichoderma virens; structure in first source	2.17	1
ilepcimide ilepcimide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation	2.05	1	benzodioxoles
lanatoside c lanatoside C: RN given refers to (3beta,5beta,12beta)-isomer	3.31	1
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.05	1	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
octotropine methylbromide octotropine methylbromide: minor descriptor (65-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search TROPANES (69-86); RN given refers to endo-isomer. anisotropine methylbromide : A quaternary ammonium salt resulting from the reaction of the amino group of anisotropine with methyl bromide.	2.05	1
ipratropium bromide anhydrous [no description available]	2.05	1
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	4.14	4
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	2.15	1	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	2.05	1	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	2.05	1	diarylmethane
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	5.2	4	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
sulindac Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.. sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions.	2.05	1	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2.05	1	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	4.11	3	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	2.05	1	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
ethionamide Ethionamide: A second-line antitubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.. ethionamide : A thiocarboxamide that is pyridine-4-carbothioamide substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. A prodrug that undergoes metabolic activation by conversion to the corresponding S-oxide.	2.05	1	pyridines; thiocarboxamide	antilipemic drug; antitubercular agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor; leprostatic drug; prodrug
artemotil artemotil: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.61	2	artemisinin derivative
nabam mancozeb: complex of zinc & maneb, containing 20% manganese & 2.5% zinc. mancozeb : A mixture composed from maneb and zineb, which is used as a broad-spectrum contact fungicide.. ethylenebis(dithiocarbamic acid) : A dithiocarbamic acid resulting from the formal addition of a molecule of carbon disulfide to each amino group of ethylenediamine.	2.59	2	dithiocarbamic acids
helvolic acid helvolic acid: structure. helvolic acid : A steroid C-21 acid having a 29-nordammarane skeleton substituted with an acetoxy group at C-16 and oxo groups at C-3 and -7, with double bonds at C-1, -17(20) and -24.	2.17	1	3-oxo-Delta(1) steroid; acetate ester; monocarboxylic acid; steroid acid	antibacterial agent; fungal metabolite; mycotoxin
latoconazole latoconazole: RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation; latoconazole is (E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.05	1	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug
u 0126 U 0126: protein kinase kinase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.21	1	aryl sulfide; dinitrile; enamine; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; osteogenesis regulator; vasoconstrictor agent
zineb Zineb: An agricultural fungicide of the dithiocarbamate class. It has relatively low toxicity and there is little evidence of human injury from exposure.. zineb : A polymeric complex of zinc with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. Formerly used as an agricultural fungicide for the control of downy mildews and rusts, its use is no longer permitted in the US or the EU.	2.59	2	dithiocarbamate salt; macromolecule; zinc coordination entity	antifungal agrochemical
maneb Maneb: Manganese derivative of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate. It is used in agriculture as a fungicide and has been shown to cause irritation to the eyes, nose, skin, and throat.. maneb : A polymeric complex of manganese with the ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. An agrochemical fungicide, it is used to control a variety of diseases including blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew and scab.	2.59	2
gestodene Gestodene: synthetic steroid with progestational activity; RN given refers to (17alpha)-isomer	2.05	1	steroid	estrogen
glucametacin glucametacin: indomethacin analog; structure	2.05	1
quinine [no description available]	3.86	3	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
kaurenoic acid kaurenoic acid: isolated from leaves of Montanoa tomentosa; structure given in first source. ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is ent-kauran-19-oic acid in which a double bond is present at position 16(17); exhibits anticancer and anti-HIV 1 activity.	2.03	1
mitragynine [no description available]	2.17	1	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid
paynantheine paynantheine: structure in first source	2.17	1
hirsutine [no description available]	3.31	1
chimonanthine chimonanthine: structure in first source. chimonanthine : A ring assembly that is 2,2',3,3',8,8',8a,8a'-octahydro-1H,1'H-3a,3a'-bipyrrolo[2,3-b]indole substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 1'.	2.17	1	chimonanthine
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	5.47	60
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	3.65	2
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.04	1
Artemin [no description available]	3.35	1	sesquiterpene lactone
flavan-3-ol flavan-3-ol: structure in first source	2.1	1	hydroxyflavonoid
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	2.48	2
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	3.31	1	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
3-deoxyisoochracinic acid 3-deoxyisoochracinic acid: structure in first source	2.17	1
alsterpaullone alsterpaullone: structure in first source. alsterpaullone : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1-benzazepin-2-one which shares its 4-5 bond with the 3-2 bond of 5-nitro-1H-indole.	2.05	1	C-nitro compound; caprolactams; organic heterotetracyclic compound	anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor
lupeol, (3alpha)-isomer [no description available]	2.75	3	triterpenoid
ginkgetin ginkgetin: from Cephalotaxus drupacea; biflavone; active against HSV-1; structure given in first source. ginkgetin : A biflavonoid that is the 7,4'-dimethyl ether derivative of amentoflavone. Isolated from Ginkgo biloba and Dioon, it exhibits anti-HSV-1, antineoplastic and inhibitory activities towards arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 2.	2.04	1	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; methoxyflavone; ring assembly	anti-HSV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; metabolite
eupatilin eupatilin: isolated from Artemisia argyi. eupatilin : A trimethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and methoxy groups at C-6, C-3' and C-4' respectively. Isolated from Citrus reticulata and Salvia tomentosa, it exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and antineoplastic activities.	3.35	1	dihydroxyflavone; trimethoxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; anti-ulcer drug; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; metabolite
catechin gallate catechin gallate: structure in first source. (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of gallic acid with the (3S)-hydroxy group of (+)-catechin.	3.14	1	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	4.78	9	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	2.13	1	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.43	2	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
formononetin [no description available]	2.46	2	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
trans-phytol trans-phytol: structure in first source	2.25	1	diterpenoid; long-chain primary fatty alcohol	algal metabolite; plant metabolite; schistosomicide drug
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	4.41	3	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
apigenin Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	3.93	3	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	9.11	4	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone: isolated from Astragali radix; structure in first source. calycosin : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3' position and a methoxy group at the 4' position.	3.59	2	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antioxidant; metabolite
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.4	2	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
quercitrin [no description available]	3.31	1	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
scopoletin [no description available]	4.26	5	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	2	1	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
coniferaldehyde coniferaldehyde: from aqueous extract of Senra incana. coniferyl aldehyde : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.1	1	cinnamaldehydes; guaiacols; phenylpropanoid	antifungal agent; plant metabolite
luteolin-7-glucoside luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	3.59	2	beta-D-glucoside; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antioxidant; plant metabolite
alprostadil [no description available]	2.05	1	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	4.84	31	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells	2.02	1	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antipruritic drug; bone density conservation agent; geroprotector; histamine antagonist; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	3.03	4	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	2.74	3	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.17	1	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	5.37	5	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	7.52	2	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
lutein Lutein: A xanthophyll found in the major LIGHT-HARVESTING PROTEIN COMPLEXES of plants. Dietary lutein accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.. xanthophyll : A subclass of carotenoids consisting of the oxygenated carotenes.	2.1	1	carotenol	food colouring; plant metabolite
brassicasterol brassicasterol : An 3beta-sterol that is (22E)-ergosta-5,22-diene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3beta. It is a phytosterol found in marine algae, fish, and rapeseed oil.	2.08	1	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	algal metabolite; animal metabolite; biomarker; EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; human metabolite; marine metabolite; plant metabolite; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
spinasterol spinasterol: RN given refers to alpha-spinasterol ((3beta,5alpha,22E)-isomer)	2.04	1	steroid
capillarisin capillarisin: from Artemisiae capillaris Herba.; structure	3.35	1	coumarins
usambarensine usambarensine: structure given in first source	2.05	1	harmala alkaloid
esculetin esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.	2.04	1	hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; plant metabolite; ultraviolet filter
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.5	2	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
budlein a budlein A: anti-inflammatory and analgesic sesquiterpene lactone from Viguiera robusta; structure in first source	3.14	1	sesquiterpenoid
caryophyllene (-)-beta-caryophyllene : A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves.. beta-caryophyllene : A sesquiterpene with a [7.2.0]-bicyclic structure comprising fused 9- and 4-membered rings, with a trans-ring junction, a trans-double bond between the 4- and 5-positions of the 9-membered ring, a methylidene group at position 9, and methyl groups at positions 3, 11, and 11. The most commonly occurring form is the (1R,9S)-(-)-enantiomer, which is found in many essential oils, particularly clove oil.. cannabinoid : A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin.	3.31	1	beta-caryophyllene	fragrance; insect attractant; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
amentoflavone [no description available]	2.5	2	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	2.5	2	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	3.59	2	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
diosmetin [no description available]	2.11	1	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
fisetin [no description available]	5.14	5	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
genkwanin genkwanin: structure. genkwanin : A monomethoxyflavone that is apigenin in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is methylated.	3.35	1	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	metabolite
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	2.78	3	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
mangostin mangostin: xanthone from rind of Garcinia mangostana Linn. fruit. alpha-mangostin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthene substituted by hydroxy group at positions 1, 3 and 6, a methoxy group at position 7, an oxo group at position 9 and prenyl groups at positions 2 and 8. Isolated from the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense, it exhibits antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumour activities.	4.38	3	aromatic ether; phenols; xanthones	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
3-methylquercetin isorhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy group at position 3' is replaced by a methoxy group.	3.35	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; tetrahydroxyflavone	anticoagulant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; metabolite
myricetin [no description available]	2.15	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
robustaflavone robustaflavone: bis-apigenin coupled at 6 and 3' positions; a potential non-nucleoside anti-hepatitis B agent;. robustaflavone : A biflavonoid that is obtained by oxidative coupling of two molecules of apigenin resulting in a bond between positions C-3 of the hydroxyphenyl ring and C-6 of the chromene ring. Isolated from Thuja orientalis and Rhus succedanea it exhibits antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-hepatitis B activity.	2.25	1	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	anti-HBV agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
wogonin wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.	2.49	2	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
7-hydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone afromosin: structure given in first source; isolated from Wistaria brachybotrys. afrormosin : A 4'-methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 4' and a hydroxy group at position 7.	2.05	1	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	plant metabolite
pterostilbene [no description available]	7.15	1	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
cynarine cynarine: active principle of the artichoke; functions primarily as a cholagogue and choleretic and also as antilipemic agent	2.05	1	alkyl caffeate ester; quinic acid	plant metabolite
gingerenone a gingerenone A: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Zingiber officinale; structure in first source	3.25	1	diarylheptanoid
shogaol shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source	3.25	1	enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols
acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.	2.04	1	catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
4'-methoxy-3',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone 4'-methoxy-3',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone: structure in first source. pratensein : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones in which isoflavone is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 5, 7, and 3' positions, and by a methoxy group at the 4' position.	2.15	1	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones
arborinine arborinine: structure	2.11	1	acridines
cerulenin Cerulenin: An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including ACREMONIUM, Acrocylindrum, and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.. cerulenin : An epoxydodecadienamide isolated from several species, including Acremonium, Acrocylindrum and Helicoceras. It inhibits the biosynthesis of several lipids by interfering with enzyme function.	3.14	1	epoxide; monocarboxylic acid amide	antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antilipemic drug; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; fatty acid synthesis inhibitor
astragalin kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.	2.02	1	beta-D-glucoside; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite; trypanocidal drug
triprolidine Triprolidine: Histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic rhinitis; ASTHMA; and URTICARIA. It is a component of COUGH and COLD medicines. It may cause drowsiness.. triprolidine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that is acrivastine in which the pyridine ring is lacking the propenoic acid substituent. It is a sedating antihistamine that is used (generally as the monohydrochloride monohydrate) for the relief of the symptoms of uticaria, rhinitis, and various pruritic skin disorders.	2.05	1	N-alkylpyrrolidine; olefinic compound; pyridines	H1-receptor antagonist
fucosterol [no description available]	2.11	1	steroid
codeine [no description available]	2.05	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
dihydrocodeine dihydrocodeine: RN refers to parent cpd(5alpha,6alpha)-isomer	2.05	1	morphinane alkaloid
ly 163892 loracarbef: 1-carbacephem antibiotic; has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity; structure given in first source; carbacephems differ from cephalosporins in the substitution of a sulfur atom in the dihydrothiazine ring with a methylene group to form a tetrahydropyridine ring. loracarbef : A synthetic "carba" analogue of cefaclor, with carbon replacing sulfur at position 1. Used to treat a wide range of infections caused by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	2.05	1	carbacephem; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	2.05	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone: from Streptomyces sp OH-1049; structure given in first source. 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone : A 7-hydroxyisoflavone that is daidzein substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3'.	2.15	1	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; metabolite
brefeldin a [no description available]	3.31	1	macrolide antibiotic	Penicillium metabolite
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.46	2	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
peridinin peridinin: structure	3.31	1
lacidipine [no description available]	2.05	1	cinnamate ester; tert-butyl ester
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	2.17	1	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
vinorelbine [no description available]	2.05	1	acetate ester; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly; vinca alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
clausarin clausarin: isolated from Enkleia siamensis; structure given in first source	3.14	1
kaempferol 3-o-rhamnoside kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside: from apple (Malus domestica) leaves; structure in first source. afzelin : A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.17	1	glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
fustin fustin : A dihydroflavonol that is the 2,3-dihydro derivative of fisetin.. tetrahydroxyflavanone : A hydroxyflavanone with atleast four hydroxy substituents.	2.1	1
iridal iridal: a plant triterpenoid; structure in first source	3.14	1
andrographolide [no description available]	3.31	1	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
isofraxidin isofraxidin: also see fraxidin	3.69	2	hydroxycoumarin
Kumatakenin [no description available]	3.35	1	ether; flavonoids
licochalcone a licochalcone A: has both anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; structure given in first source; isolated from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata; RN given refers to (E)-isomer	2.05	1	chalcones
octadecyl caffeate caffeic acid n-octadecyl ester: isolated from Daphne acutiloba Rehd; structure in first source	2.15	1
5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one: isolated from the Chinese herb Scutellariae radix. oroxylin A : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-6.	2.49	2	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
artemetin [no description available]	3.35	1	ether; flavonoids
tazettine tazettine: from Amaryllidaceae	3.14	1	indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid
su 11248 [no description available]	3.31	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
ergosterol-5,8-peroxide ergosterol-5,8-peroxide: also inhibits sulfatase; isolated from fungus Cercospora kikuchii; structure given in first source. ergosterol peroxide : An ergostanoid that is ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 (the 3beta,5alpha,8alpha,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps sinensis, it exhibits antimycobacterial, trypanocidal and antineoplastic activities.	2.46	2	3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; organic peroxide; phytosterols	antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite; trypanocidal drug
stilbamidine stilbamidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1
Isoliquiritigenin 4,4'-dimethyl ether [no description available]	2.96	1	chalcones
2,3-oxidosqualene 2,3-oxidosqualene: an oxidized derivative of SQUALENE that can fold in several ways: chair-boat-chair-boat to LANOSTEROL; chair-chair-chair-boat to dammarane; or all chair to hopane and on to cycloartenol; RN given refers to (all-Z)-isomer. 2,3-epoxysqualene : A squalene triterpenoid obtained by formal epoxidation across the 2,3 C=C bond of squalene.	2.44	2	epoxide; squalene triterpenoid
piperic acid piperinic acid: from Piper longum; structure in first source. (E,E)-piperic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is (E)-penta-2,4-dienoic acid substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from black pepper (Piper nigrum).	2.05	1	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; benzodioxoles	plant metabolite
jaceosidin jaceosidin : A trihydroxyflavone that is flavone with hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7 and 4' and methoxy groups at positions 3' and 6. Isolated from Salvia tomentosa and Artemisia asiatica, it exhibits anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and apoptosis inducing activties.	3.35	1	dimethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; metabolite
radicinin radicinin: mold metabolite from plant pathogen Stemphylium radicinum; RN given refers to (2S-(2alpha,3beta,7E))-isomer; structure	2.17	1	aromatic ketone
calycanthine calycanthine: the principal alkaloid of the plant family Calycanthaceae; RN given refers to (4bS)-(4balpha,5alpha,10balpha,11alpha)-isomer. calycanthine : The principal alkaloid of the plant family Calycanthaceae.	2.17	1	aminal; calycanthaceous alkaloid; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
7-epiclusianone 7-epiclusianone: from Rheedia gardneriana; structure in first source. 7-epiclusianone : An enone that is a tetraprenyl benzophenone derivative isolated from Rheedia gardneriana and Garcinia brasiliensis. It exhibits anti-allergic, antibacterial, trypanocidal and vasodilating activities.	3.41	1
ceftazidime [no description available]	2.25	1	cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; EC 2.4.1.129 (peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase) inhibitor
xanthoepocin Xanthoepocin: an antibiotic from Penicillium simplicissimum IFO5762; structure in first source	2.17	1
sequoiaflavone sequoiaflavone: Isolated from Ginkgo biloba; structure in first source	2.04	1
lespenefril lespenefril: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. kaempferol 3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residues at positions 3 and 7 respectively via glycosidic linkages. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Vicia faba and Lotus edulis.	2.05	1	alpha-L-rhamnoside; dihydroxyflavone; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; hypoglycemic agent; immunomodulator; plant metabolite
lyoniside daucosterol : A steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa.	2.47	2	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; steroid saponin	plant metabolite
4-hydroxylonchocarpin 4-hydroxylonchocarpin: structure in first source	3.14	1
proguanil Proguanil: A biguanide compound which metabolizes in the body to form cycloguanil, an anti-malaria agent.. proguanil : A biguanide compound which has isopropyl and p-chlorophenyl substituents on the terminal N atoms. A prophylactic antimalarial drug, it works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the reproduction of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax within the red blood cells.	2.05	1	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antimalarial; antiprotozoal drug; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
isocordoin isocordoin: a metabolite biotransformed from Morus nigra; structure in first source	2.31	1	chalcones
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	3.14	1	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	2.93	4
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	2.05	1	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
herboxidiene herboxidiene: structure in first source; isolated from Streptomyces chromofuscus; a potent and selective herbicide (e.g. inactive against wheat); up-regulates the gene expression of LDL receptor	2.17	1
(10)-shogaol (10)-shogaol: isolated from ginger; structure in first source	3.25	1	enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols
(1Ar,7aS,10aS,10bS)-1a,5-dimethyl-8-methylidene-2,3,6,7,7a,8,10a,10b-octahydrooxireno[9,10]cyclodeca[1,2-b]furan-9(1aH)-one [no description available]	2.17	1	germacranolide
nifuroxime 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde oxime: structure in first source	2.05	1
panduratin a panduratin A: isolated from Kaempferia pandurata; structure in first source	2.17	1	diarylheptanoid	metabolite
1-methyl-d-lysergic acid butanolamide [no description available]	2.05	1	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide	serotonergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
beta-escin [no description available]	3.87	3
stigmasterol 3-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside stigmasterol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside: an antioxidant from Monochoria vaginalis; structure in first source. stigmasterol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A steroid saponin that is (3beta,22E)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It is isolated from Symplocos lancifolia.	2.44	2	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; phytosterols; steroid saponin	metabolite
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	2.05	1	nitrofuran antibiotic
butylscopolammonium bromide Butylscopolammonium Bromide: Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.	2.05	1
roxithromycin (E)-roxithromycin : A major geometrical isomer of roxithromycin.	2.05	1	roxithromycin	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
artesunate artesunic acid: RN given for (3R-(3alpha,5abeta,6beta,8abeta,9alpha,10alpha,12beta,(2aR*))-isomer; succinic ester of artemether	3.61	2	artemisinin derivative; cyclic acetal; dicarboxylic acid monoester; hemisuccinate; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; ferroptosis inducer
(3S,6S,9S,12R)-3-[(2S)-Butan-2-yl]-6-[(1-methoxyindol-3-yl)methyl]-9-(6-oxooctyl)-1,4,7,10-tetrazabicyclo[10.4.0]hexadecane-2,5,8,11-tetrone [no description available]	2.17	1	oligopeptide
corosolic acid [no description available]	3.27	1	triterpenoid	metabolite
cyclo(leucyl-prolyl) cyclo(leucyl-prolyl): structure in first source. cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) : A homodetic cyclic peptide composed from leucyl and prolyl residues.	3.31	1	dipeptide; homodetic cyclic peptide; pyrrolopyrazine	bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
13-epi-sclareol 13-epi-sclareol: an unusual labdane diterpene from the roots of Coleus forskohlii with cell growth inhibitory action in breast and uterine cancers in vitro; structure in first source	2.17	1
chlorproguanil chlorproguanil: dichloro-derivative of chloroguanide; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	dichlorobenzene
dolastatin 10 dolastatin 10: from mollusk Dolabella auricularia; contains four amino acids, dolavaline, dolaisoleucine, dolaproine, valine and the primary amine dolaphenine; deo-dolastatin 10 is a new dolastatin 10 chiral derivative with MW of 784. dolastatin 10 : A tetrapeptide that is isolated from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia. It is a potent anticancer agent which inhibits tubulin polymerization.	3.14	1	1,3-thiazoles; tetrapeptide	animal metabolite; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; marine metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.77	3	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
mer nf5003f stachybotrydial: a pancreatic cholesterol esterase inhibitor; also inhibits fucosyltransferase and sialyltransferase; structure in first source	3.14	1
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	2.05	1	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
n1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-n4,n4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide N1-phenyl-3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-di-n-propylsulfanilamide: a potent, selective antimitotic agent against kinetoplastid parasites; structure in first source	2.05	1
ginsenoside f2 ginsenoside F2: isolated from the leaves of Panax ginseng. ginsenoside F2 : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.05	1	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
ginsenoside rg3 ginsenoside Rg3: from Red ginseng; inhibits lung metastasis of tumor cells; structure given in first source. (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.05	1	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
glutinol glutinol: from a medicinal lichen, Usnea longissima; structure in first source. glutinol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is picene which has been fully hydrogenated except for a double bond between the 4a and 5 positions and is substituted by methyl groups at the 4, 4, 6bbeta, 8abeta, 11, 11, 12balpha and 14bbeta positions, and by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position.	3.37	2	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol
osu 03012 OSU 03012: a PDK-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	3.31	1	antibiotic antifungal drug; aromatic amide; glycine derivative; organofluorine compound; phenanthrenes; pyrazoles	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor
betulin-3-caffeate betulin-3-caffeate: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Hibiscus syriacus; structure in first source	2.46	2
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	2.05	1
4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate 4-phenoxyphenoxyethyl thiocyanate: has antiparasitic activity; structure in first source	2.05	1
akuammicine akuammicine: from Strychnos sp;; structure in first source. akuammicine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid with formula C20H22N2O2, isolated from several plant species including Alstonia spatulata, Catharanthus roseus and Vinca major.	2.17	1	methyl ester; monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	plant metabolite
hermitamide b hermitamide B: isolated from Lyngbya majuscula; structure in first source	2.17	1
alpha-cadinol alpha-cadinol : A cadinane sesquiterpenoid that is cadin-4-ene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 10.	2.01	1	cadinane sesquiterpenoid; carbobicyclic compound; octahydronaphthalenes; tertiary alcohol	fungicide; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
betulone [no description available]	2.96	4	triterpenoid	metabolite
lepadin f lepadin F: cis-decahydroquinoline alkaloid from the Australian ascidian Aplidium tabascum; structure in first source	3.14	1
trans-delta-tocotrienoloic acid tocotrienoloic acid: from leaves of Tovomitopsis psychotriifolia; structure given in first source	2.17	1	tocotrienol
pestalotiopsin a pestalotiopsin A: structure in first source	3.41	1
nodulisporic acid a nodulisporic acid A: a novel indole diterpene insecticide; structure in first source	2.17	1
5-methoxy-8,8-dimethyl-2-phenyl-4H,8H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-4-one [no description available]	2.01	1	extended flavonoid
allobetulinol allobetulinol : A triterpenoid that is (18alpha)-19,28-epoxyoleanane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 3.	2.05	1	cyclic ether; secondary alcohol; triterpenoid
5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol 5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol: from Ganoderma lucidum; structure given in first source	2.05	1
2',3,4,4'-tetrahydroxy-5-prenylchalcone [no description available]	3.14	1
syringaresinol, (1r-(1alpha, 3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha))-isomer (-)-syringaresinol : The (7beta,7'beta,8beta,8'beta)-stereoisomer of syringaresinol.	2.15	1	syringaresinol
lactimidomycin lactimidomycin: a glutarimide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces amphibiosporus	3.31	1	macrolide
ginsenoside rd ginsenoside Rd: RN refers to (3beta,12beta)-isomer. ginsenoside Rd : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to its beta-D-glucopyranoside.	3.58	2	beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; apoptosis inducer; immunosuppressive agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; vulnerary
scopadulcic acid b scopadulcic acid B: isolated from Scorparia dulcis	2.17	1
gliocladin c gliocladin C: structure in first source	2.17	1
zincophorin zincophorin: 25 carbon polypropionate from Streptomyces griseus; griseochelin and M 144255 are the same monocarboxylic acid ionophore	2.17	1	pyrans	bacterial metabolite; ionophore
streptazolin streptazolin: from culture of Streptomyces sp.; structure in first source	2.17	1
chatancin chatancin: structure in first source	2.17	1
3-epioleanolic acid [no description available]	3.14	1	triterpenoid	metabolite
diflucortolone Diflucortolone: A topical glucocorticoid used in various DERMATOSES. It is absorbed through the skin, bound to plasma albumin, and may cause adrenal suppression. It is also administered as the valerate.	2.05	1	21-hydroxy steroid
morelloflavone morelloflavone: also inhibits cruzain; RN given for (2S-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-morelloflavone : A biflavonoid found in Rheedia edulis and Garcinia livingstonei.	2.17	1	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavanone; hydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
cinnamosmolide cinnamosmolide: isolated from several species of Canellaceae family; structure in first source	2.17	1
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	4.94	11
2alpha,3beta-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid alphitolic acid: from the aerial parts of Gouania longipetala; structure in first source. 2alpha,3beta-dihydroxy-20(29)-lupen-28-oic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is betulinic acid carrying an additional alpha-hydroxy group at position 2. It has been isolated from Breynia fruticosa.	2.54	2	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
alpha-amyrenone alpha-amyrenone: from Marsdenia officinalis Tsiang	2.44	2
oleanonic acid oleanonic acid: structure in first source	2.05	1
sophoradiol sophoradiol: RN refers to (3beta,22beta)-isomer; structure in first source. sophoradiol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanane substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta and 22beta positions and containing a double bond between positions 12 and 13.	2.04	1
ginsenoside rb3 [no description available]	2.51	2	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antidepressant; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; plant metabolite
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2	1
taraxasteryl acetate taraxasteryl acetate: from Inula britannica; an anti-hepatitis substance; do not confuse with psi-taraxasterol acetate	2.43	2	triterpenoid	metabolite
chikusetsu saponin iva chikusetsu saponin IVa: from the tubers of Hemsleya pengxianensis (Cucurbitaceae)	2.05	1	triterpenoid saponin	metabolite
odoratin odoratin: structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.15	1
saringosterol saringosterol: from a Chilean brown algae, Lessonia nigrescens; structure in first source	2.03	1
15-deoxygoyazensolide 15-deoxygoyazensolide: an NSAID with schistossomicidal and trypanosomicidal activities; structure in first source	2.17	1
ludartin ludartin: a TRPA1 channel activator; structure in first source	3.35	1
deoxoartemisinin deoxoartemisinin: structure given in first source	2.05	1
lyoniside lyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer	3.74	10
oroxylin a-7-o-glucuronide oroxylin A-7-O-glucuronide: an inhibitor of prolyl oligopeptidase; isolated from Scutellaria racemosa and Scutellariae baicalensis; structure in first source. oroxylin A 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of oroxylin A.	2.05	1	beta-D-glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monohydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
mitragynine speciogynine: structure in first source	2.17	1
dehydroabietinol dehydroabietinol: Isolated from Hyptis suaveolens; structure in first source	3.14	1	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound
mdv 3100 [no description available]	3.01	2	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; imidazolidinone; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; thiocarbonyl compound	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
amodiaquine hydrochloride [no description available]	2.05	1
dihydro-n-caffeoyltyramine dihydro-N-caffeoyltyramine: structure in first source	2.11	1	catechols
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	2.11	1	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	2.06	1	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
ro5126766 RO5126766: a dual MEK/RAF kinase inhibitor. CH5126766 : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-methyl-7-[(pyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]coumarin carrying an additional [2-[(methylaminosulfonyl)amino]-3-fluoropyridin-4-yl]methyl substituent at position 3.	2.15	1	aryloxypyrimidine; coumarins; organofluorine compound; pyridines; sulfamides	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor
valproate sodium Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent. sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid.. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid.	2.05	1	organic sodium salt	geroprotector
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	3.61	2
spongia-13(16),14-dien-19-oic acid spongia-13(16),14-dien-19-oic acid : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is 3b,4,5,5a,6,7,8,9,9a,9b,10,11-dodecahydrophenanthro[1,2-c]furan substituted by methyl groups at positions 3b, 6 and 9 and a carboxy group at position 6. Isolated from Spongia, it exhibits inhibitory activity against androgen receptor.	2.17	1	cyclic ether; monocarboxylic acid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	androgen antagonist; metabolite
roquefortine [no description available]	2.17	1	pyrroloindole
23-hydroxybetulinic acid 23-hydroxybetulinic acid: structure in first source	2.48	2	triterpenoid	metabolite
3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.17	1	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion
chitosan [no description available]	2.69	2
stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.	2.1	1
goniomitine goniomitine: from root bark of Gonioma malagasy; structure in first source	3.41	1	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid
marinopyrrole a marinopyrrole A: antibiotic from a marine Streptomyces sp.; structure in first source. (-)-marinopyrrole A : A member of the class of pyrroles that is 1'H-1,3'-bipyrrole substituted by four chloro groups at positions 4, 4', 5 and 5' and two 2-hydroxybenzoyl moieties at positions 2 and 2'. It is isolated from Streptomyces sp.CNQ-418 and exhibits cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.	2.17	1	aromatic ketone; organochlorine compound; phenols; pyrroles	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
colletoic acid colletoic acid: an 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; structure in first source	2.17	1
oxymatrine oxymatrine: structure in first source; has anti-apoptosis effects	2.1	1
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	3.23	1
ipomoeassin f ipomoeassin F: a cytotoxic macrocyclic glycoresin from the leaves of Ipomoea squamosa from the Suriname rainforest	2.17	1
glycolipids [no description available]	2.07	1
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.02	1
6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-9h-xanthene-1,3-dione [no description available]	2.17	1	xanthenes
7-hydroxymitragynine 7-hydroxymitragynine: an orally active opioid analgesic from the Thai medicinal herb Mitragyna speciosa; structure in first source	2.17	1	alkaloid
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.13	1
neo-kauluamine neo-kauluamine: manzamine alkaloid with potent activity against infectious diseases; structure in first source	3.14	1
dorrigocin b dorrigocin B: isolated from the fermentation broth & mycelium of Streptomyces platensis; structure given in first source	2.17	1
dorrigocin a dorrigocin A: isolated from the fermentation broth & mycelium of Streptomyces platensis; structure given in first source	2.17	1
gypenoside XVII gypenoside XVII : A ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.05	1	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	3.31	1	isopropyl ester; L-alanyl ester; nucleotide conjugate; organofluorine compound; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; prodrug
(20R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (20R)-ginsenoside Rg3 : A ginsenoside found in Panax japonicus var. major that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 pro-R positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.05	1	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antioxidant; plant metabolite
gniditrin gniditrin: antileukemic diterpenoid ester from Gnidia lamprantha; for structure see card of gnididin	2.05	1
eurycomanone [no description available]	3.14	1	cyclic ether; delta-lactone; enone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; pentol; quassinoid; secondary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alcohol	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
butyrolactone i butyrolactone I: selective inhibitor of cdk2 & cdc2 kinase; structure given in first source	2.05	1	butenolide
tatanan a tatanan A: from the rhizomes of Acorus tatarinowii Schott; structure in first source	3.69	2
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.98	4	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.05	1
oxytetracycline, anhydrous Oxytetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog isolated from the actinomycete STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.. oxytetracycline : A tetracycline used for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.	2.05	1
minocycline Minocycline: A TETRACYCLINE analog, having a 7-dimethylamino and lacking the 5 methyl and hydroxyl groups, which is effective against tetracycline-resistant STAPHYLOCOCCUS infections.. minocycline : A tetracycline analogue having a dimethylamino group at position 7 and lacking the methyl and hydroxy groups at position 5.	2.49	2
piroxicam [no description available]	2.05	1	benzothiazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines	analgesic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mobiflex tenoxicam : A thienothiazine-derived monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxy-2-methylthieno[2,3-e][1,2]thiazine-3-carboxylic acid 1,1-dioxide with the amino group of 2-aminopyridine. Used for the treatment of pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also indicated for short term treatment of acute musculoskeletal disorders including strains, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries.	2.05	1	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; thienothiazine	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	3.65	9	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
rolitetracycline Rolitetracycline: A pyrrolidinylmethyl TETRACYCLINE.. rolitetracycline : A derivative of tetracycline in which the amide function is substituted with a pyrrolidinomethyl group.	2.05	1
ilicicolin h ilicicolin H: structure in first source. ilicicolin H : An aromatic ketone in which the ketone carbonyl group is attached to a (1R,2R,4aS,7S,8aR)-4,7-dimethyl-1-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl group and a 4-hydroxy-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl group. Isolated from the from the "imperfect" fungus Cylindrocladium iliciola strain MFC-870.	2.17	1	aromatic ketone; carbobicyclic compound; ilicicolin; monohydroxypyridine; octahydronaphthalenes; phenols; pyridone	antimicrobial agent; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.1	1
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	2.21	1
stigmasterol glucoside stigmasterol glucoside: toxic component of Cycas circinalis seeds possibly etiologic in Guamanian ALS-parkinsonism-dementia complex; structure in first source	2.02	1	steroid
tatanan b tatanan B: from the rhizomes of Acorus tatarinowii Schott; structure in first source	2.17	1
gracilioether f gracilioether F: structure in first source	2.17	1
cryptocaryol a cryptocaryol A: from Cryptocarya spp.; structure in first source. cryptocaryol A : A member of the class of 2-pyranones that is 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one substituted by a 2,4,6,8,10-pentahydroxypentacosyl group at position 6. It has been isolated from Cryptocarya species.	2.17	1	2-pyranones; pentol	plant metabolite
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.49	2
tetrahydroamentoflavone tetrahydroamentoflavone: isolated from Semecarpus anacardium; structure in first source	2.17	1
bacoside a bacoside A: from Bacopa monnieri; structure in first source	3.21	1	triterpenoid saponin
edetic acid solasodine: RN given refers to (3beta,22alpha,25R)-isomer; structure. solasodine : An oxaspiro compound and steroid alkaloid sapogenin with formula C27H43NO2 found in the Solanum (nightshade) family. It is used as a precursor in the synthesis of complex steroidal compounds such as contraceptive pills.	2.6	1
beta-amyrin palmitate beta-amyrin palmitate: alpha-amyrin palmitate is also available; may activate noradrenergic activity	2.01	1
lupane lupane: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	2.99	4
acyclovir Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.	2.31	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine	antimetabolite; antiviral drug
guanine [no description available]	2.17	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pheophytin a pheophytin a: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3S-(3alpha(2E,7S,11S),4beta,21beta))-isomer	2.06	1
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	3.33	6	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	2.05	1	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.21	1	dacarbazine
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	2.44	2	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
thiolactomycin thiolactomycin: from actinomycetes; structure given in first source	2.05	1
3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzamidoxime: structure given in first source	2.05	1	benzenetriol
nataxazole nataxazole: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Streptomyces; structure in first source	2.17	1
8-hydroxyguanine 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen.	2.17	1	oxopurine
pycnidione pycnidione: potentiator of bleomycin; isolated from Gloeotinia; structure in first source	3.14	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	3.14	5
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	4.23	6
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2.97	4
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	3.14	5
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	4.23	6
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2.97	4
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	3.41	7
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	2.72	3
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	2.72	3
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	3.81	10
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	3.81	10
Urinary Lithiasis [description not available]	2.77	3
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	5.53	24
Hyperoxaluria Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.	2.93	4
Kidney Stones [description not available]	2.04	1
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	2.04	1
Urolithiasis Formation of stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT, usually in the KIDNEY; URINARY BLADDER; or the URETER.	2.77	3
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	3.32	6
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	3.52	7
Parasite Infections [description not available]	2.05	1
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	2.1	1
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	2.1	1
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	2.13	1
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	3.41	2
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	6	9
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	3.17	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	6	9
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	2.25	1
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.31	1
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	2.31	1
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	7.31	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.9	11
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.9	11
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	7.51	2
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	2.51	2
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	3	4
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	3	4
Cyst [description not available]	7.41	1
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.91	11
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.91	11
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	5.64	12
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	5.64	12
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	3.65	9
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.41	1
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.41	1
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	7.41	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	5.27	18
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.41	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	5.27	18
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.41	1
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	2.41	1
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	2.41	1
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	2.41	1
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	3.81	2
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	2.41	1
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	2.41	1
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	3.81	2
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	2.59	2
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	7.59	2
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	2.9	3
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	2.9	3
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.63	2
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.6	1
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.76	3
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.63	2
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.6	1
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.76	3
Mucorales Infection [description not available]	3.52	4
Mucormycosis Infection in humans and animals caused by any fungus in the order MUCORALES (e.g., RHIZOPUS; MUCOR; CUNNINGHAMELLA; APOPHYSOMYCES; ABSIDIA; SAKSENAEA and RHIZOMUCOR) There are many clinical types associated with infection including central nervous system, lung, gastrointestinal tract, skin, orbit and paranasal sinuses. In humans, it usually occurs as an OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION.	3.52	4
Autism-Dementia-Ataxia-Loss of Purposeful Hand Use Syndrome [description not available]	2.41	1
Rett Syndrome An inherited neurological developmental disorder that is associated with X-LINKED INHERITANCE and may be lethal in utero to hemizygous males. The affected female is normal until the age of 6-25 months when progressive loss of voluntary control of hand movements and communication skills; ATAXIA; SEIZURES; autistic behavior; intermittent HYPERVENTILATION; and HYPERAMMONEMIA appear. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p199)	2.41	1
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	2.6	1
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	2.6	1
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	3.47	2
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.48	2
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	3.47	2
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.48	2
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	2.6	1
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.6	1
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	3.77	3
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	3.77	3
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	2.6	1
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	2.6	1
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	2.25	1
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	7.25	1
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	2.25	1
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	2.25	1
Carditis [description not available]	7.25	1
Coxsackie Virus Infections [description not available]	2.25	1
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	7.25	1
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.93	3
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	2.83	3
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	3.51	7
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	3.51	7
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.94	3
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	3.4	6
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.94	3
Bone Cancer [description not available]	2.63	2
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	2.63	2
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	2.63	2
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	7.63	2
Black Fever [description not available]	2.66	2
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	2.66	2
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.25	1
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	7.25	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.74	3
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	2.74	3
Cancer of the Retina [description not available]	2.41	1
Eye Cancer, Retinoblastoma [description not available]	2.41	1
Retinoblastoma A malignant tumor arising from the nuclear layer of the retina that is the most common primary tumor of the eye in children. The tumor tends to occur in early childhood or infancy and may be present at birth. The majority are sporadic, but the condition may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Histologic features include dense cellularity, small round polygonal cells, and areas of calcification and necrosis. An abnormal pupil reflex (leukokoria); NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; STRABISMUS; and visual loss represent common clinical characteristics of this condition. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p2104)	7.41	1
Fungal Diseases [description not available]	2.31	1
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	2.31	1
Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI.	2.31	1
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	2.53	2
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	2.53	2
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	2.15	1
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.15	1
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	3.19	5
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	7.15	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	2.52	2
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	2.52	2
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	2.17	1
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	2.17	1
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.47	2
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	2.17	1
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	2.17	1
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	3.09	1
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	3.09	1
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	3.09	1
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	3.09	1
Neurogenic Inflammation Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury.	2.21	1
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	2.21	1
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	2.77	3
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	2.77	3
Metastase [description not available]	2.21	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	2.21	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	2.21	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	2.21	1
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	2.21	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	2.51	2
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	2.51	2
Anasarca [description not available]	3.92	12
Ache [description not available]	3.45	7
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	3.92	12
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	3.45	7
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.1	1
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	2.1	1
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	2.1	1
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	2.1	1
Acne [description not available]	7.11	1
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	2.11	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	3.66	3
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	8.66	3
Dermatoses [description not available]	3.03	1
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	3.03	1
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	2.13	1
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.13	1
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.11	1
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	2.11	1
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	7.11	1
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	2.53	2
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.53	2
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	2.11	1
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.13	1
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	7.53	2
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.13	1
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	2.13	1
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	7.13	1
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	7.13	1
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.13	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	3.04	1
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	8.04	1
Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available]	2.15	1
Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS.	2.15	1
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	2.15	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	2.15	1
Cancer of Head [description not available]	2.48	2
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	2.48	2
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	3.13	5
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	3.13	5
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	2.04	1
Absence Seizure [description not available]	2.04	1
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	2.04	1
Allergic Alveolitis, Extrinsic [description not available]	2.04	1
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.	2.04	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.04	1
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	2.05	1
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	2.05	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	2.05	1
Granulomas [description not available]	2.05	1
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	2.05	1
Neuromuscular Blockade The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.	2.05	1
Polyarthritis [description not available]	3.35	2
Histomoniasis [description not available]	2.98	1
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.35	2
Extravasation of Contrast Media [description not available]	2.06	1
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.06	1
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	2.07	1
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	2.07	1
Diathesis [description not available]	2.07	1
Apoplexy [description not available]	2.07	1
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	7.07	1
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	2.07	1
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	2.08	1
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	7.08	1
Bleeding [description not available]	2.46	2
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	2.46	2
Allodynia [description not available]	2.08	1
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	2.08	1
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	2.08	1
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	2.7	3
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	2.01	1
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	7.01	1
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2.02	1
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.02	1
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.02	1
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2.44	2
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.03	1
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	2.03	1
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	2.03	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.04	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.04	1
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.04	1
Labyrinthitis Inflammation of the inner ear (LABYRINTH).	1.98	1
Pyrexia [description not available]	2	1
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	2	1
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.01	1
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.01	1
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	1.95	1

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Cross-References

Synonyms (63)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (2)

Pathways (4)

Protein Targets (4)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (62)

Molecular Functions (27)

Ceullar Components (24)

Bioassays (295)

Research

Studies (456)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 46.73

Study Types

Clinical Trials (2)

Trial Overview

Related Drugs (873)

Related Conditions (230)