benzofurans profile

Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	253613
CHEMBL ID	4581433
SCHEMBL ID	592430
MeSH ID	M0002359

Synonym
2,3-diphenyl-benzofuran
2,3-diphenylbenzofuran
13054-95-0
nsc76724
nsc-76724
benzofurans
2,3-diphenyl-1-benzofuran
c20h14o
SCHEMBL592430
2,3-diphenylbenzo[b]furan
MPNFMCAOBNNFJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
bisphenylbenzofuran
DTXSID30291601
CHEMBL4581433

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The benzofurans also had lower affinity at the 5-HT1A receptor, but decreased only about 20-30% from that of the indole isosteres."	( Benzofuran bioisosteres of hallucinogenic tryptamines. Huang, X; Johnson, MP; Nichols, DE; Tomaszewski, Z, 1992)	0.76

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" A connection is suggested between the first-pass metabolism in male rats and the hepatotoxicity, which is possibly mediated through a metabolite or intermediate formed in toxic amount during the first passage of the liver."	( Hepatotoxicity of citalopram in rats and first-pass metabolism. Fredricson Overø, K; Svendsen, O, 1978)	0.26
"Alantolactone, an allergenic sesquiterpene lactone, is toxic to leukocytes in in vitro cultures."	( Toxic effect of alantolactone and dihydroalantolactone in in vitro cultures of leukocytes. Brisson, J; Dupuis, G, 1976)	0.26
" Other non-"dioxin"-like toxic endpoints (e."	( Toxicity equivalency factors for PCBs? Alford-Stevens, A; Barnes, D; Birnbaum, L; Kutz, FW; Patton, D; Wood, W, 1991)	0.28
" Indomethacin alone had no adverse effect on glomerular function; however, when coadministered with CsA an exaggerated decrease in renal function was observed."	( Modulation of experimental cyclosporine nephrotoxicity by inhibition of thromboxane synthesis. Freeman, D; Keown, P; McDonald, J; Petric, R; Stiller, C; Wallace, C, 1990)	0.28
"2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dixoin 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PCDF), and 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran (HCDF) are highly toxic members of a class of environmental contaminants, the polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons (PCAH), which exhibit a similar and highly characteristic spectrum of toxic effects."	( Relative toxicity and tumor-promoting ability of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PCDF), and 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran (HCDF) in hairless mice. Birnbaum, LS; Elwell, MR; Harris, MW; Hébert, CD, 1990)	0.28
" In conclusion, 4-PeCDF is maternally and fetally toxic regardless of the gestation day of exposure, but induced terata only at doses where overt maternal and fetal toxicity were observed, in contrast to previously reported studies in the mice where teratogenic effects were observed at nonfetotoxic dose levels."	( Developmental toxicity of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran in the Fischer 344 rat. Birnbaum, LS; Couture, LA; Harris, MW, 1989)	0.28
"The hamsters have been known to be the least sensitive mammalian species to the acute toxicity of highly toxic polyhalogenated hydrocarbons such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin."	( [Tissue distribution, inductive effect on liver enzymes and acute toxicity of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran in Golden Syrian hamsters]. Hokama, Y; Kamimura, H; Koga, N; Nakashima, H; Yoshimura, H, 1989)	0.28
" The most important side effect observed has been the photosensitivity found in 22% of children."	( [Amiodarone therapy in childhood: efficacy and side effects]. Austoni, P; Danzi, GB; Fancini, P; Figini, A; Mascarello, M; Vignati, G, 1985)	0.27
" Adverse effects led to drug discontinuation in 15 (21%), 3 because of pulmonary toxicity (1 in combination with neuropathy and another with drug-induced hepatitis); 2 because of chemical hepatitis; 1, confusion; 6, neuropathy; 2, arrhythmia exacerbation; 2, symptomatic bradycardia; and 1 because of impotence."	( High incidence of clinical and subclinical toxicity associated with amiodarone treatment of refractory tachyarrhythmias. Anastasiou-Nana, MI; Anderson, JL; Anderson, KP; Call, NB; Crapo, RO; Lutz, JR; Nanas, JN; Smith, RA, )	0.13
" The data suggest that amiodarone toxicity to the lung may be primarily related to its direct toxic effect on lung cells, and that the characteristic morphologic changes of cytoplasmic inclusions may represent an early sign of the drug's effect."	( Amiodarone-induced lung toxicity. In vitro evidence for the direct toxicity of the drug. Howard, DM; Martin, WJ, 1985)	0.27
"To assess the incidence of adverse effects associated with long-term amiodarone therapy, we reviewed the records of 217 consecutive patients who were treated for refractory arrhythmia."	( Side effects and complications of amiodarone therapy. Lown, B; Podrid, PJ; Raeder, EA, 1985)	0.27
"In rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), consumption of food containing commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures, some pure polychlorobiphenyl congeners, 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) caused the same clinical toxic manifestations and histopathologic lesions, although the potencies of the toxicants covered a range of five orders of magnitude."	( Toxicity and fetotoxicity of TCDD, TCDF and PCB isomers in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). McNulty, WP, 1985)	0.27
" Since 4PeCDF and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) produce a similar spectrum of toxic effects, the biochemical mechanism(s) of toxicity for these chemicals may be similar."	( The acute toxicity of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4PeCDF) in the male Fischer rat. Birnbaum, LS; Brewster, DW; Uraih, LC, 1988)	0.27
"The toxicity and disposition of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4PeCDF), a ubiquitous and acutely toxic environmental contaminant, was examined in three adult male Rhesus monkeys administered a single iv dose of 34 micrograms (0."	( Toxicity and disposition of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4PeCDF) in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Birnbaum, LS; Brewster, DW; Elwell, MR, 1988)	0.27
" The quantitative structure-activity relationships clearly illustrated that the most toxic congeners were substituted in the lateral 2, 3, 7 and 8 positions, and removal of a lateral chlorine group substantially reduced the potency of the resulting compound."	( Biologic and toxic effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran congeners in the guinea pig. Quantitative structure-activity relationships. Holcomb, M; Safe, S; Yao, C, 1988)	0.27
" These findings suggest that both toxic and hypersensitivity liver injury can occur in response to amiodarone."	( Amiodarone hepatotoxicity. A clinicopathologic study of five patients. Barwick, KW; Batsford, WP; Enriquez, R; Helzberg, J; Josephson, ME; Riely, CA; Rigas, B; Rosenfeld, LE, 1986)	0.27
" The AMC Council on Scientific Affairs recommended that all physicians become familiar with chloracne and other toxic effects of dioxin."	( Cutaneous signs of systemic toxicity due to dioxins and related chemicals. Dunagin, WG, 1984)	0.27
" As amiodarone has been used more widely and in more diverse patient populations, reports of serious thyroid, pulmonary, cardiovascular, and other adverse reactions have appeared in the literature."	( Serious adverse effects of amiodarone. Garan, H; McGovern, B; Ruskin, JN, 1984)	0.27
" The results indicated that for 2 series of isomers, namely the 2,3,4,7,8-, 1,2,4,7,8- and 1,2,4,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofurans and the 2,3,7,8-, 2,3,4,8- and 1,2,4,8-tetrachlorodibenzofurans, their biologic and toxic potencies were dependent on one major structural factor, the number of lateral chloro substituents."	( Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs): effects of structure on binding to the 2,3,7,8-TCDD cytosolic receptor protein, AHH induction and toxicity. Bandiera, S; Keys, B; Mason, G; Romkes, M; Safe, L; Safe, S; Sawyer, T; Zmudzka, B, 1984)	0.81
"The relationship of apparent steady-state serum concentrations of amiodarone and its metabolite, desethylamiodarone, to therapeutic and toxic effects was assessed in 127 patients who had treatment-resistant ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias or were intolerant to other agents."	( Steady-state serum amiodarone concentrations: relationships with antiarrhythmic efficacy and toxicity. Belhassen, B; Greenspan, AM; Greenspon, AJ; Horowitz, LN; Rotmensch, HH; Shoshani, D; Spielman, SR; Swanson, BN; Vlasses, PH, 1984)	0.27
"The relationships between size of loading dose and drug concentration, size of maintenance dose and drug concentration, and pulmonary and cutaneous adverse side effects and drug dosage were examined in patients given amiodarone."	( Relationships between amiodarone dosage, drug concentrations, and adverse side effects. Heger, JJ; Prystowsky, EN; Zipes, DP, 1983)	0.27
" One or more adverse drug reactions occurred in 51% of patients."	( Long-term efficacy and toxicity of high-dose amiodarone therapy for ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Bhandari, A; Keung, E; Malone, P; Morady, F; Sauve, MJ; Scheinman, MM; Schwartz, AB; Shen, EN; Sung, RJ, 1983)	0.27
" Treatment of immature animals with low multiple doses totaling cumulative doses of between 4 and 12 micrograms/kg resulted in the death of 75% of these animals, with the deaths occurring between 7 and 19 d after the initial appearance of quantitative toxic symptoms (loss of weight); however, weight loss was less dramatic following repeated low doses than after acute high doses."	( Toxicity and distribution of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in male guinea pigs. Birnbaum, LS; Ioannou, YM; Matthews, HB, )	0.13
" Both drugs were more toxic to the tumorigenic cells than to the normal cells, but LY295501 was significantly more toxic to both cells."	( Studies on the mechanism of sulofenur and LY295501 toxicity: effect on the regulation of cytosolic calcium in relation to cytotoxicity in normal and tumorigenic rat kidney cell lines. Berezesky, IK; Best, CJ; Boder, GB; Merriman, RL; Phelps, PC; Tanzer, LR; Trump, BF, 1995)	0.29
" The most frequently reported adverse events after CI-977 administration were dizziness, fatigue, paresthesia, headache, vasodilatation (facial flushing), emotional lability, high feeling, and abnormal thinking."	( Diuretic effects, pharmacokinetics, and safety of a new centrally acting kappa-opioid agonist (CI-977) in humans. Dawkins, R; Rajagopalan, R; Reece, PA; Rose, S; Sedman, AJ; Wright, DS, 1994)	0.29
" for 14 days was assessed as safe and well-tolerated with few reports of adverse events."	( Tolerability, safety and pharmacokinetics of single dose and multiple dosing of the selective D1 antagonist NNC 01-0687 in healthy subjects. Christensen, JV; Seiberling, M; Skrumsager, BK; Snel, S, 1995)	0.29
"Reassessment of dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/DFs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) in toxic Yu-Cheng rice-bran oil was carried out."	( Reassessment of PCDD/DFs and Co-PCBs toxicity in contaminated rice-bran oil responsible for the disease "Yu-Cheng". Ling, YC; Soong, DK, )	0.4
" The relative contribution of coplanar PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs to the total 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalents (TEQs) were compared using the toxic equivalency factors proposed by Safe [1] and the factors recently proposed by WHO [2]."	( Coplanar PCBs and the relative contribution of coplanar PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs to the total 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxicity equivalents in human serum. Kang, D; Patterson, DG; Tepper, A, 1997)	0.3
" We do not expect to find adverse effects of these compounds on the aquatic environment."	( Bioaccumulation and lack of toxicity of octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) to early-life stages of zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio). Berends, AG; Boelhouwers, EJ; de Gerlache, J; de Rooij, CG; Thus, JL, 1997)	0.3
" In summary, 7 appears to be less toxic than amiodarone while maintaining its electrophysiologic properties consistent with antiarrhythmic activity."	( Synthesis and preliminary characterization of a novel antiarrhythmic compound (KB130015) with an improved toxicity profile compared with amiodarone. Carlsson, B; Li, YL; Malm, J; Mellin, C; Nilsson, S; Singh, BN; Temciuc, M, 2002)	0.31
" For this reason, one goal of research in the GC field is the development of new drugs, which show a reduced side-effect profile while maintaining the antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties of classical GCs."	( Dissociation of transactivation from transrepression by a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist leads to separation of therapeutic effects from side effects. Asadullah, K; Döcke, WD; Hennekes, H; Jaroch, S; Rehwinkel, H; Schäcke, H; Schmees, N; Schottelius, A; Strehlke, P, 2004)	0.32
" Studies also showed that the most toxic isomer of tetrachlorodibenzofurans (TCDFs) and dibenzo-p-dioxins (TCDDs), respectively, had the largest chemical softness value in its respective group."	( Structure-activity relationships for the toxicity of polychlorinated dibenzofurans: approach through density functional theory-based descriptors. Arulmozhiraja, S; Morita, M, 2004)	0.8
"The depletion of lipids associated with pre-spawning migration of Pacific salmon has the potential to magnify concentrations of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), which elevates risk of toxic effects."	( Magnification and toxicity of PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs in upriver-migrating Pacific salmon. Debruyn, AM; Gobas, FA; Ikonomou, MG, 2004)	0.32
" Safety was evaluated by analysis of adverse events (AEs), withdrawal rates and laboratory tests."	( A pooled analysis of three phase III studies to investigate the efficacy, tolerability and safety of darifenacin, a muscarinic M3 selective receptor antagonist, in the treatment of overactive bladder. Abrams, P; Chapple, C; Glavind, K; Kralidis, G; Millard, R; Norton, P; Steers, W, 2005)	0.33
" Treatment was well tolerated; the most commonly reported adverse events were the typical antimuscarinic effects of dry mouth and constipation, both infrequently leading to discontinuation."	( Efficacy, tolerability and safety of darifenacin, an M(3) selective receptor antagonist: an investigation of warning time in patients with OAB. Arguinzoniz, M; Gittelman, M; Haab, F; Rekeda, L; Susset, J; Zinner, N, 2006)	0.33
" The median toxic dose (ED(50)) of (+)-usnic acid in domestic sheep was estimated to be between 485 and 647 mg/kg/day for 7 days."	( Toxicity of the lichen secondary metabolite (+)-usnic acid in domestic sheep. Dailey, RN; Ingram, JT; Montgomery, DL; Raisbeck, MF; Siemion, R; Vasquez, M, 2008)	0.35
" Most frequent treatment-related adverse events were headache, abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhoea (mainly during day 1)."	( Clinical trial: the efficacy, impact on quality of life, and safety and tolerability of prucalopride in severe chronic constipation--a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ausma, J; Kerstens, R; Quigley, EM; Vandeplassche, L, 2009)	0.35
"The toxic equivalent (TEQ) approach is traditionally used in risk evaluation of dioxins."	( Factorial design applied for multiple endpoint toxicity evaluation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) hepatocytes. Eide, I; Olsvik, PA; Søfteland, L, 2009)	0.35
"The mice with acute poisoning of (+)-usnic acid at different doses by oral administration were observed for toxic manifestations, and the LD(50) was determined."	( [Oral acute toxicity of (+)-usnic acid in mice and its cytotoxicity in rat cardiac fibroblasts]. Cheng, YB; Gu, N; Li, C; Li, XQ; Shi, L; Si, KW; Wei, LL; Yuan, YK, 2009)	0.35
" Adverse events, vital signs, ECG, Holter monitor and pharmacokinetics were assessed (Clinicaltrials."	( Safety assessment of prucalopride in elderly patients with constipation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Beyens, G; Camilleri, M; Kerstens, R; Robinson, P; Vandeplassche, L, 2009)	0.35
" The relative effects potency (REP) values obtained were comparable to the World Health Organization (WHO) toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) and in agreement with the concept of additive congener toxicity of mixtures of dioxins and furans."	( Toxicity comparison of chlorinated and brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in industrial source samples by HRGC/HRMS and enzyme immunoassay. Gullett, BK; Samara, F; Tabor, D; Touati, D; Wyrzykowska, B, 2010)	0.59
" Secondary endpoints [proportion of patients with ≥ 3 SCBM/week, weekly frequency of (SC)BM, severity of constipation, and efficacy of treatment], adverse events (AEs), and safety parameters were also monitored."	( Efficacy and safety of prucalopride in patients with chronic noncancer pain suffering from opioid-induced constipation. Cools, M; De Pauw, M; Kerstens, R; Rykx, A; Sloots, CE, 2010)	0.36
"In this population with OIC, prucalopride improved bowel function and was safe and well tolerated."	( Efficacy and safety of prucalopride in patients with chronic noncancer pain suffering from opioid-induced constipation. Cools, M; De Pauw, M; Kerstens, R; Rykx, A; Sloots, CE, 2010)	0.36
" Clinical adverse experiences were generally mild and transient."	( Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties of the GPR40 agonist TAK-875: results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled single oral dose rising study in healthy volunteers. Dote, N; Higuchi, T; Leifke, E; Naik, H; Vakilynejad, M; Viswanathan, P; Wu, J, 2012)	0.38
" SB-649868 was well tolerated at all doses in this study population, with mechanism-related adverse events (e."	( Phase I studies on the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SB-649868, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist. Alexander, R; Bettica, P; Gomeni, R; Nucci, G; Pyke, C; Ratti, E; Squassante, L; Zamuner, S, 2012)	0.38
" Safety assessments included adverse events (AEs), physical examinations, clinical chemistry, electrocardiograms, and the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire."	( A 1-year, open-label study assessing the safety and tolerability of vilazodone in patients with major depressive disorder. Gallipoli, S; Kajdasz, DK; Reed, CR; Robinson, DS; Wamil, A; Whalen, H, 2011)	0.37
"The non-dioxin-like PCBs (NDL-PCBs) found in food and human samples have a complex spectrum of adverse effects, but lack a detailed risk assessment."	( Multivariate toxicity profiles and QSAR modeling of non-dioxin-like PCBs--an investigation of in vitro screening data from ultra-pure congeners. Andersson, PL; Fernandes, EC; Fonnum, F; Hamers, T; Lauy, AA; Machala, M; Stenberg, M; Stenius, U; van Duursen, MB; Westerink, RH, 2011)	0.37
" placebo for discontinuation because of an adverse event (AE) was 27 (95% CI 15-104)."	( Vilazodone for major depressive disorder: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved antidepressant - what is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be helped or harmed? Citrome, L, 2012)	0.38
" The AMs used to treat OAB differ in their pharmacological profiles, which may affect their potential for causing adverse effects (AEs)."	( Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of antimuscarinic drugs for overactive bladder treatment in females. Alessandri, F; Candiani, M; Ferrero, S; Leone Roberti Maggiore, U; Origoni, M; Remorgida, V; Salvatore, S; Venturini, PL, 2012)	0.38
" Furthermore, photo-crosslinking based oligomerization studies suggest SalB significantly suppresses the toxic oligomerization of hIAPP monomers."	( Salvianolic acid B inhibits the amyloid formation of human islet amyloid polypeptide and protects pancreatic beta-cells against cytotoxicity. Chen, H; Cheng, B; Gong, H; Huang, K; Li, X; Sun, Y; Wu, Q; Zhang, X; Zheng, L, 2013)	0.39
" The expert panel concluded that polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs), dibenzofurans (PBDFs), and some dioxin-like biphenyls (dl-PBBs) may contribute significantly in daily human background exposure to the total dioxin toxic equivalencies (TEQs)."	( Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls: inclusion in the toxicity equivalency factor concept for dioxin-like compounds. Birnbaum, LS; Denison, MS; Devito, MJ; Falandysz, J; Fiedler, H; Peterson, RE; Rose, M; Safe, S; Schrenk, D; Tohyama, C; Tritscher, A; Tysklind, M; van den Berg, M, 2013)	0.89
" These data demonstrate that UA is bio-transformed to less toxic metabolites in rat primary hepatocytes, probably mainly by CYP1A and 3A, but not 2B/2C."	( Inhibition of cytochrome P450s enhances (+)-usnic acid cytotoxicity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Greenhaw, J; Salminen, WF; Shi, Q, 2014)	0.4
" The administration of abexinostat during the first 4 days of each week in a 3-week cycle resulted in fewer adverse events (with no influence of ASD on platelet count profiles), and corresponded to the optimal treatment schedule."	( Application of hematological toxicity modeling in clinical development of abexinostat (S-78454, PCI-24781), a new histone deacetylase inhibitor. Chalret du Rieu, Q; Chatelut, E; Chenel, M; Depil, S; Fouliard, S; Jacquet-Bescond, A; Kloos, I; Robert, R, 2013)	0.39
" Taken together, these results demonstrate that MPClE is a novel, potent, orally active and safe analgesic drug that targets κ-opioid receptors."	( A novel, potent, oral active and safe antinociceptive pyrazole targeting kappa opioid receptors. Athayde, ML; Boligon, AA; Bonacorso, HG; Calixto, JB; Ferreira, J; Machado, P; Martins, MA; Oliveira, SM; Rosa, F; Rossato, MF; Rubin, MA; Silva, CR; Tonello, R; Trevisan, G; Walker, CI; Zanatta, N, 2013)	0.39
" We present the case of a 61-year-old woman, who developed such adverse effects when given prucalopride for the treatment for chronic constipation."	( Neurological and psychiatric adverse events with prucalopride: case report and possible mechanisms. Antoniazzi, S; Carnovale, C; Clementi, E; Nisic, A; Pellegrino, P; Perrone, V; Pozzi, M; Radice, S, 2013)	0.39
" The absence of other similar reports suggests that prucalopride rarely causes these adverse effects."	( Neurological and psychiatric adverse events with prucalopride: case report and possible mechanisms. Antoniazzi, S; Carnovale, C; Clementi, E; Nisic, A; Pellegrino, P; Perrone, V; Pozzi, M; Radice, S, 2013)	0.39
" Mitochondrial imbalance with complex stresses may be involved in the toxic mechanism."	( (+)-Usnic acid-induced myocardial toxicity in rats. Imaoka, M; Jindo, T; Kiyosawa, N; Niino, N; Sayama, A; Yokouchi, Y, 2015)	0.42
"Earthworms represent an important food source for many vertebrates and as a result, predators may encounter toxic effects via the food chain from consumption of contaminated worms."	( Toxicity and bioaccumulation of ethofumesate enantiomers in earthworm Eisenia fetida. Li, J; Wang, H; Wang, Y; Xu, P; Zhang, Y, 2014)	0.4
" Current pharmaceutical treatment options are limited in their success by modest effects and adverse events that often lead to discontinuation."	( A review of the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of the antidepressants vilazodone, levomilnacipran and vortioxetine. Deardorff, WJ; Grossberg, GT, 2014)	0.4
"Reported ingestion of benzofuran compounds is associated with similar toxic effects to those of amphetamines and cathinones."	( Patterns of presentation and clinical features of toxicity after reported use of ([2-aminopropyl]-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans), the 'benzofuran' compounds. A report from the United Kingdom National Poisons Information Service. Cooper, G; Eddleston, M; Hill, SL; James, D; Kamour, A; Lupton, DJ; Thanacoody, R; Thomas, SH; Thompson, JP; Vale, A, 2014)	0.61
" No patient discontinued due to an adverse event or laboratory abnormality."	( Efficacy and safety of 8 weeks versus 12 weeks of treatment with grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) with or without ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 mono-infection and HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection (C-WORTHY): a rando Barr, E; Bourliere, M; DeJesus, E; Dutko, F; Gerstoft, J; Haber, B; Hezode, C; Howe, AY; Hwang, P; Kugelmas, M; Mallolas, J; Murillo, A; Nahass, R; Pol, S; Robertson, M; Serfaty, L; Shaughnessy, M; Shibolet, O; Sulkowski, M; Vierling, JM; Wahl, J; Weis, N; Zuckerman, E, 2015)	0.42
" Adverse events reported in more than 10% of patients were fatigue (66 patients, 26% [95% CI 21-32]), headache (58 patients, 23% [95% CI 18-29]), and asthenia (35 patients, 14% [95% CI 10-19])."	( Efficacy and safety of 12 weeks versus 18 weeks of treatment with grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) with or without ribavirin for hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in previously untreated patients with cirrhosis and patients with previous Alric, L; Balart, L; Barr, E; Bronowicki, JP; Dutko, F; Gane, E; Ghalib, R; Ghesquiere, W; Guyader, D; Haber, B; Howe, AY; Hwang, P; Lagging, M; Lawitz, E; Lester, L; Pearlman, B; Robertson, M; Shaughnessy, M; Sievert, W; Sund, F; Tam, E; Wahl, J, 2015)	0.42
" Weight increase and sexual dysfunction adverse events were low in both groups."	( Efficacy and safety of vilazodone in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Chen, D; Croft, HA; Gommoll, C; Mathews, M; Nunez, R; Pomara, N, 2014)	0.4
" The most common adverse events (≥5% of vilazodone patients, twice the rate of placebo) were diarrhea, nausea, vomiting (vilazodone 40 mg/day only), and insomnia."	( Efficacy and safety of vilazodone 20 and 40 mg in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Chen, D; Gommoll, C; Khan, A; Mathews, M; Nunez, R, 2015)	0.42
"This integrated analysis aimed to identify the factors associated with the most frequently re-ported treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in Asian and non-Asian patients with chronic constipation (CC) who receive prucalopride or placebo over 12 weeks."	( Factors predictive of treatment-emergent adverse events of prucalopride: an integrated analysis of four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Choi, SC; Ke, M; Kim, JY; Leelakusolvong, S; Liu, A; Quigley, EM; Tack, J; Zou, D, 2015)	0.42
" There were no significant adverse events related to the consumption of AG-dieckol, and biochemical and hematological parameters were maintained within the normal range during the intervention period."	( Efficacy and safety of a dieckol-rich extract (AG-dieckol) of brown algae, Ecklonia cava, in pre-diabetic individuals: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Jeon, YJ; Lee, SH, 2015)	0.42
" Eighteen polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and biphenyls (PCBs) with assigned World Health Organization toxic equivalency factors (WHO-TEFs) and two additional PCBs were screened in 17 human and rodent bioassays to assess their induction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-related responses."	( Consensus toxicity factors for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls combining in silico models and extensive in vitro screening of AhR-mediated effects in human and rodent cells. Andersson, PL; Brenerová, P; Larsson, M; Lohr, C; Luecke-Johansson, S; Machala, M; Neser, S; Pěnčíková, K; Poellinger, L; Schrenk, D; Strapáčová, S; van den Berg, M; van Duursen, MB; van Ede, KI; Vondráček, J, 2015)	0.91
" The incidence and types of treatment-emergent adverse events in each fasiglifam group were similar to those in the placebo group, and hypoglycaemia was reported in 1 patient receiving fasiglifam 50 mg."	( Efficacy and safety of fasiglifam (TAK-875), a G protein-coupled receptor 40 agonist, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet and exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial. Enya, K; Kaku, K; Matsuno, R; Nakaya, R; Ohira, T, 2015)	0.42
" Adverse events were primarily mild and resolved promptly."	( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release tablets in healthy subjects. Hafkin, B; Hunt, TL; Kaplan, N, 2015)	0.42
"Oral doses of AFN-1252 were safe and well tolerated."	( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release tablets in healthy subjects. Hafkin, B; Hunt, TL; Kaplan, N, 2015)	0.42
" Periodic assessments included collection of adverse events (AEs), laboratory testing, electrocardiograms (ECGs), vital sign monitoring, physical examinations and assessment for the potential for suicide."	( Safety profile of tasimelteon, a melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist: pooled safety analyses from six clinical studies. Dressman, MA; Leger, D; Ogrizek, P; Perry, CA; Quera-Salva, MA; Vecchierini, MF, 2015)	0.42
"Long-term tasimelteon administration was safe and well-tolerated."	( Safety profile of tasimelteon, a melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist: pooled safety analyses from six clinical studies. Dressman, MA; Leger, D; Ogrizek, P; Perry, CA; Quera-Salva, MA; Vecchierini, MF, 2015)	0.42
" The most common adverse events were fatigue (29; 13%), headache (27; 12%), and nausea (20; 9%)."	( Efficacy and safety of grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) in patients with hepatitis C virus and HIV co-infection (C-EDGE CO-INFECTION): a non-randomised, open-label trial. Barr, E; Bloch, M; Gress, J; Katlama, C; Klopfer, S; Lalezari, J; Mallolas, J; Matthews, GV; Nelson, M; Nguyen, BY; Orkin, C; Platt, HL; Robertson, MN; Rockstroh, JK; Saag, MS; Shaughnessy, M; Sulkowski, M; Wahl, J; Zamor, PJ, 2015)	0.42
" All adverse events, including possibly drug-related headache and nausea, were mild or moderate."	( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral doses of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release (IR) tablets in healthy subjects. Hafkin, B; Hunt, T; Kaplan, N, 2016)	0.43
"Multiple ascending doses of AFN-1252 were safe and well tolerated."	( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral doses of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release (IR) tablets in healthy subjects. Hafkin, B; Hunt, T; Kaplan, N, 2016)	0.43
" Compound 1 presented higher toxicity (median lethal dose LD50 = 15."	( Toxicity to Diaphania hyalinata, selectivity to non-target species and phytotoxicity of furanones and phthalide analogues. Alvarenga, ES; Campos, JN; de Araújo, TA; Pincanço, MC; Resende, GC, 2016)	0.43
" The LD50 in mice was 1747 mg/kg, which was more than one hundred times higher than the effective dose."	( The Safety Evaluation of Salvianolic Acid B and Ginsenoside Rg1 Combination on Mice. Cho, K; Deng, Y; Guo, DA; Jiang, B; Li, X; Liu, X; Ma, H; Teng, F; Wang, L; Wu, P; Wu, W; Xu, F; Yang, M; Yu, H; Zhao, Q, 2015)	0.42
" The most frequently reported drug-related adverse events, which were mostly mild or moderate, were headache (26."	( Efficacy and Safety of AFN-1252, the First Staphylococcus-Specific Antibacterial Agent, in the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections, Including Those in Patients with Significant Comorbidities. Hafkin, B; Kaplan, N; Murphy, B, 2015)	0.42
" The overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was 75."	( Long-term safety and efficacy of fasiglifam (TAK-875), a G-protein-coupled receptor 40 agonist, as monotherapy and combination therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 52-week open-label phase III study. Enya, K; Kaku, K; Matsuno, R; Nakaya, R; Ohira, T, 2016)	0.43
"Tremetone and possibly other benzofuran ketones are believed to be the toxic compounds in white snakeroot."	( White snakeroot poisoning in goats: Variations in toxicity with different plant chemotypes. Buck, S; Collett, MG; Davis, TZ; Evans, TJ; Green, BT; Grum, DS; Lee, ST; Pfister, JA; Stegelmeier, BL, 2016)	0.43
" Adverse events were assessed using National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4."	( A Phase I study of safety and pharmacokinetics of fruquintinib, a novel selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, -2, and -3 tyrosine kinases in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cao, J; Chen, Z; Fan, S; Li, J; Li, K; Peng, W; Su, W; Zhang, J, 2016)	0.43
" The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were hand-foot skin reaction, hypertension, and thrombocytopenia."	( A Phase I study of safety and pharmacokinetics of fruquintinib, a novel selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, -2, and -3 tyrosine kinases in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cao, J; Chen, Z; Fan, S; Li, J; Li, K; Peng, W; Su, W; Zhang, J, 2016)	0.43
" The combination of elbasvir/grazoprevir also demonstrated a superior safety and tolerability profile based on fewer serious adverse events, no serious drug-related adverse events, and no treatment discontinuations."	( Efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir and sofosbuvir/pegylated interferon/ribavirin: A phase III randomized controlled trial. Asante-Appiah, E; Barr, E; Flisiak, R; Gerstoft, J; Halota, W; Horvath, G; Jancoriene, L; Kazenaite, E; Kileng, H; Koklu, S; Leiva, R; Nguyen, BY; Patel, S; Platt, HL; Prinzing, R; Qiu, J; Ruiz-Tapiador, JA; Sperl, J; Streinu-Cercel, A; Urbanek, P; Wahl, J; Werling, K, 2016)	0.43
" The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were hypertension and hand-foot skin reaction."	( Safety and efficacy of fruquintinib in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase Ib study and a randomized double-blind phase II study. Bai, Y; Cao, J; Fan, S; Hua, Y; Li, J; Liu, T; Pan, H; Shen, L; Su, W; Wang, L; Xu, J; Xu, RH; Zhang, D, 2017)	0.46
" Primary reasons for discontinuation included progressive disease (56%) and adverse events (25%)."	( Safety and efficacy of abexinostat, a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a phase II study. Bouabdallah, R; Coiffier, B; Dyer, MJS; Felloussi, Z; Graef, T; Illes, A; Kim, WS; Kloos, I; Lemieux, B; Lim, ST; Luan, Y; Morschhauser, F; Offner, F; Ribrag, V; Vezan, R, 2017)	0.46
" Serious adverse events were reported in 3% (8 of 264) patients and no patient had a decompensation-related event."	( Safety and Efficacy of Elbasvir/Grazoprevir in Patients With Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Compensated Cirrhosis: An Integrated Analysis. Barr, E; Haber, BA; Hézode, C; Howe, AYM; Hwang, P; Jacobson, IM; Kwo, PY; Lawitz, E; Peng, CY; Robertson, M; Wahl, J, 2017)	0.46
" In conclusion, amino acid limitation was suggested as the pivotal toxic trigger of UA-induced cardiotoxicity."	( Comprehensive Evaluation of (+)-Usnic Acid-induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats by Sequential Cross-omics Analysis. Imaoka, M; Kai, K; Kiyosawa, N; Niino, N; Yokouchi, Y, 2017)	0.46
" Adverse events were elevation of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (P > ."	( The efficacy and safety of Dl-3n-butylphthalide on progressive cerebral infarction: A randomized controlled STROBE study. Feng, S; Gu, F; Hu, L; Mao, S; Zang, Y; Zhang, C; Zhao, S, 2017)	0.46
" Overall, the most common adverse events were headache (55 [23%] of 240), fatigue (47 [20%] of 240), and nausea (32 [13%] of 240)."	( Safety and efficacy of an 8-week regimen of grazoprevir plus ruzasvir plus uprifosbuvir compared with grazoprevir plus elbasvir plus uprifosbuvir in participants without cirrhosis infected with hepatitis C virus genotypes 1, 2, or 3 (C-CREST-1 and C-CREST Agarwal, K; Barr, E; Ben-Ari, Z; Butterton, JR; Chen, HL; Dutko, FJ; Esteban, R; Fernsler, D; Fitzgerald, B; Foster, GR; Gane, EJ; Gao, W; Gerstoft, J; Grandhi, A; Huang, HC; Laursen, AL; Li, JJ; Liu, H; Nguyen, BT; Pianko, S; Plank, RM; Roberts, SK; Robertson, MN; Su, FH; Thompson, AJ; Wahl, J; Wan, S; Yeh, WW; Zeng, Z; Zeuzem, S; Zuckerman, E, 2017)	0.46
" The toxic effects of 5-MAPB were greater than those of MDMA."	( Preventive effects of fructose and N-acetyl-L-cysteine against cytotoxicity induced by the psychoactive compounds N-methyl-5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine in isolated rat hepatocytes. Inomata, A; Nakagawa, Y; Suzuki, T, 2018)	0.48
" The safety profile was similar across treatment arms, with adverse events tending to occur more frequently among participants receiving RBV."	( Efficacy and safety of 12 weeks of elbasvir ± grazoprevir ± ribavirin in participants with hepatitis C virus genotype 2, 4, 5 or 6 infection: The C-SCAPE study. Badshah, C; Barr, E; Brown, A; Durkan, C; Foster, GR; Haber, B; Hézode, C; Lahser, F; Roberts, SK; Robertson, M; Wahl, J; Zekry, A; Zhang, B; Zuckerman, E, 2018)	0.48
" A Liver Safety Evaluation Committee consisting of hepatologists blinded to treatment assignments evaluated hepatic adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) for causal relationship to study drug."	( Liver Safety of Fasiglifam (TAK-875) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Review of the Global Clinical Trial Experience. Marcinak, JF; Munsaka, MS; Ohira, T; Smith, N; Watkins, PB, 2018)	0.48
" Serious adverse events occurred in six patients, including three deaths while on grazoprevir plus elbasvir, not related to this therapy."	( Grazoprevir plus elbasvir in HCV genotype-1 or -4 infected patients with stage 4/5 severe chronic kidney disease is safe and effective. Alric, L; Bérard, E; Bernard-Chabert, B; Bourlière, M; Canva, V; de Ledinghen, V; Fouchard-Hubert, I; Guillaume, M; Hillaire, S; Kamar, N; Leroy, V; Loustaud-Ratti, V; Minello, A; Nguyen-Khac, E; Ollivier-Hourmand, I; Pol, S; Saadoun, D; Trias, D; Vallet-Pichard, A, 2018)	0.48
" There were no severe adverse events associated with the treatment."	( Real-world virological efficacy and safety of elbasvir and grazoprevir in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection in Japan. Abe, H; Asano, T; Atsukawa, M; Deguchi, A; Fujioka, S; Hiraoka, A; Iio, E; Ishikawa, T; Itobayashi, E; Iwakiri, K; Kato, K; Kondo, C; Kumada, T; Masaki, T; Michitaka, K; Mikami, S; Moriya, A; Ogawa, C; Okubo, H; Okubo, T; Senoh, T; Shimada, N; Tada, T; Takaguchi, K; Tamai, H; Tanaka, Y; Tani, J; Toyoda, H; Tsubota, A; Tsuji, K; Uojima, H; Watanabe, T; Yoneyama, H, 2018)	0.48
" During the study, we did not record any serious adverse drug reaction or drug interaction and no patients discontinued the treatment."	( Efficacy and Safety of Elbasvir-Grazoprevir Fixed Dose in the Management of Polytreated HCV Patients: Evidence From Real-Life Clinical Practice. Caroleo, B; Colangelo, L; De Sarro, G; Gallelli, L; Perticone, M, 2018)	0.48
" No patient experienced lethal or severe adverse events during therapy, and the most common adverse event was anemia."	( Safety and efficacy of elbasvir and grazoprevir in Japanese hemodialysis patients with genotype 1b hepatitis C virus infection. Abe, K; Abe, M; Baba, M; Furuya, K; Haga, H; Hasebe, C; Itakura, J; Izumi, N; Kawagishi, N; Kawakami, A; Kobayashi, T; Kumagai, K; Kurosaki, M; Masakane, I; Mochida, S; Morikawa, K; Nakai, M; Natsuizaka, M; Ogawa, K; Ohara, M; Ohira, H; Sakamoto, N; Sho, T; Suda, G; Takahashi, A; Terasita, K; Uchida, Y; Ueno, Y; Umemura, M; Yamamoto, Y, 2019)	0.51
"Grazoprevir and elbasvir combination is highly effective and safe for hemodialysis patients with genotype 1b HCV infection."	( Safety and efficacy of elbasvir and grazoprevir in Japanese hemodialysis patients with genotype 1b hepatitis C virus infection. Abe, K; Abe, M; Baba, M; Furuya, K; Haga, H; Hasebe, C; Itakura, J; Izumi, N; Kawagishi, N; Kawakami, A; Kobayashi, T; Kumagai, K; Kurosaki, M; Masakane, I; Mochida, S; Morikawa, K; Nakai, M; Natsuizaka, M; Ogawa, K; Ohara, M; Ohira, H; Sakamoto, N; Sho, T; Suda, G; Takahashi, A; Terasita, K; Uchida, Y; Ueno, Y; Umemura, M; Yamamoto, Y, 2019)	0.51
"Treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV) have advanced greatly, becoming more efficacious with fewer adverse events, due to the availability of direct-acting antiviral agents, which target specific steps in the HCV life cycle."	( Safety and efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: current evidence. Morikawa, K; Nakamura, A; Sakamoto, N; Shimazaki, T, 2018)	0.48
" Demographic, clinical and virologic data were analysed, and adverse events (AEs) recorded."	( Effectiveness and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir therapy in patients with chronic HCV infection: Results from the Spanish HEPA-C real-world cohort. Anton, MD; Badia, E; Bonacci, M; Calleja, JL; Carmona, I; Carrión, JA; Castellote, J; Castro Urda, JL; de la Vega, J; Diago, M; Fernández, I; Fernández-Bermejo, M; Fernández-Rodríguez, C; Figueruela, B; Gallego, A; García Buey, L; García, ND; García-Samaniego, J; Gea, F; Hernández-Conde, M; Llerena, S; Menéndez, F; Molina, E; Montoliu, S; Moreno-Palomares, JJ; Moreno-Planas, JM; Morillas, RM; Pascasio, JM; Perelló, C; Piqueras Alcol, B; Romero-Gómez, M; Rosales-Zabal, JM; Salmeron, FJ; Sánchez Ruano, JJ; Souto-Rodríguez, R, 2019)	0.51
" In order to determine the toxic components, we investigated the cytotoxicity of extracts and chosen components using CCK-8 assay in HepG2 cells."	( Subchronic Toxicity Studies of Cortex Dictamni Extracts in Mice and Its Potential Hepatotoxicity Mechanisms in Vitro. Fan, Q; Wang, C; Wang, T; Wu, J; Xu, A; Zhang, J; Zhao, B, 2018)	0.48
" Similar rates of adverse events and drug-related adverse events were seen in the immediate-treatment group versus placebo phase of the deferred-treatment group (51."	( Efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir in participants with hepatitis C virus genotype 1, 4, or 6 infection from the Asia-Pacific region and Russia: Final results from the randomized C-CORAL study. Asante-Appiah, E; Cheng, PN; Duan, ZP; Evans, B; George, J; Hanna, GJ; Heo, J; Hwang, P; Ingravallo, P; Isakov, V; Jia, JD; Liang, LW; Mu, S; Nguyen, VK; Niu, JQ; Robertson, MN; Talwani, R; Tanwandee, T; Wang, FS; Wang, Z; Wei, B; Wei, L; Zhao, XM; Zhdanov, K, 2019)	0.51
" The primary outcome was the time to first occurrence of any component of the major adverse CV event composite of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and hospitalization for unstable angina."	( Fasiglifam-Induced Liver Injury in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Randomized Controlled Cardiovascular Outcomes Safety Trial. Cao, C; Jasper, S; Lincoff, AM; Lopez, C; Marcinak, J; McGuire, DK; Mehta, CR; Menon, V; Nicholls, SJ; Nissen, SE; Rosenstock, J; Wolski, K, 2018)	0.48
" The most frequently reported adverse events were nasopharyngitis (8."	( Safety and efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir in Asian participants with hepatitis C virus genotypes 1 and 4 infection. Asante-Appiah, E; Caro, L; Cheng, PN; Cheng, W; Haber, BA; Hanna, GJ; Heo, J; Hwang, P; Kumada, H; Mu, SM; Perumalswami, PV; Robertson, MN; Talwani, R; Tanwandee, T; Wei, L; Zhao, XM, 2019)	0.51
" Liver safety had been pre-identified as a concern, and within the phase 3 trials, was measured through (1) adverse event reporting, (2) central predefined liver monitoring schedule with various thresholds for potential drug-induced liver injury, and (3) blinded adjudication of serious liver toxicity by a panel of experts in drug-induced liver injury."	( Determination of fasiglifam-induced liver toxicity: Insights from the data monitoring committee of the fasiglifam clinical trials program. DeLeve, L; Eckel, RH; Granger, CB; Gu, X; Holmes, D; Home, P; Neaton, J; Sharma, A; Shavadia, JS; Watkins, PB, 2019)	0.51
" No concerning trends were noted in adverse or serious adverse event frequency, suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction, alanine or aspartate transaminase elevations, or hepatobiliary or gastrointestinal adverse events as reported by local site investigators."	( Determination of fasiglifam-induced liver toxicity: Insights from the data monitoring committee of the fasiglifam clinical trials program. DeLeve, L; Eckel, RH; Granger, CB; Gu, X; Holmes, D; Home, P; Neaton, J; Sharma, A; Shavadia, JS; Watkins, PB, 2019)	0.51
"In spite of clear liver toxicity detected with a systematic surveillance program, liver safety signals were not identified from investigator adverse event reporting alone."	( Determination of fasiglifam-induced liver toxicity: Insights from the data monitoring committee of the fasiglifam clinical trials program. DeLeve, L; Eckel, RH; Granger, CB; Gu, X; Holmes, D; Home, P; Neaton, J; Sharma, A; Shavadia, JS; Watkins, PB, 2019)	0.51
"This observational population-based cohort study (EUPAS9200) conducted in five data sources (three in the UK, one in Sweden, and one in Germany [which was subsequently excluded from the pooled analyses]) aimed to estimate the pooled adjusted incidence rate ratio for major adverse cardiovascular events (defined as hospitalization for non-fatal acute myocardial infarction or stroke, and in-hospital cardiovascular death) in adult initiators of prucalopride compared with initiators of polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG) following a common protocol."	( Cardiovascular Safety of Prucalopride in Patients with Chronic Constipation: A Multinational Population-Based Cohort Study. Andrews, EB; Cainzos-Achirica, M; Cantero, OF; Flynn, RWV; Fortuny, J; Garcia-Rodriguez, L; Gilsenan, A; Harding, A; Karlsson, P; Kollhorst, B; Linnér, L; MacDonald, TM; Odsbu, I; Plana, E; Ruigómez, A; Schink, T; Ziemiecki, R, 2019)	0.51
"00 for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic constipation using prucalopride as compared with PEG."	( Cardiovascular Safety of Prucalopride in Patients with Chronic Constipation: A Multinational Population-Based Cohort Study. Andrews, EB; Cainzos-Achirica, M; Cantero, OF; Flynn, RWV; Fortuny, J; Garcia-Rodriguez, L; Gilsenan, A; Harding, A; Karlsson, P; Kollhorst, B; Linnér, L; MacDonald, TM; Odsbu, I; Plana, E; Ruigómez, A; Schink, T; Ziemiecki, R, 2019)	0.51
" We collected data on on-treatment adverse events (AEs), severe AEs, and laboratory abnormalities."	( Efficacy and safety of direct-acting antiviral agents for HCV in mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease. Aoufi-Rabih, S; Dixit, V; Fabrizi, F; Garcia-Agudo, R; Mendizabal, M; Ridruejo, E; Silva, M, )	0.13
"This study confirmed that EBR/GZR is safe and effective for treating patients with HCV GT 1 and exhibited excellent overall clinical efficacy in Taiwan."	( The efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir treatment in HCV genotype 1 patients in Taiwan. Deng, ST; Hsu, CW; Tsai, TC, 2020)	0.56
" Drug-related adverse events occurred in 42% (n = 22) and 50% (n = 32) of participants receiving 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, respectively."	( Efficacy and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir for 8 or 12 weeks for hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection: A randomized study. Ahmed, SNS; Alric, L; Asante-Appiah, E; Asselah, T; Bronowicki, JP; Brown, D; Guidoum, A; Haber, BA; Hagen, K; Hall, JD; Hanna, GJ; Hezode, C; Hwang, P; Larrey, D; Leroy, V; Loustaud-Ratti, V; Nguyen-Khac, E; Ozenne, V; Pol, S; Robertson, MN; Serfaty, L; Su, FH; Talwani, R; Tran, A, 2020)	0.56
" During administration of the medication, there were 18 adverse events in 6 subjects in the test formulation group and 19 cases of adverse events in 6 subjects in the reference formulation group (P > ."	( Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence, and Safety Studies of Prucalopride in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Chen, H; Huang, X; Wang, C; Xia, Y; Yu, C; Yu, X; Zhang, D; Zhang, X; Zheng, X; Zhou, Z, 2020)	0.56
" All the studies that reported the sustained virologic response (SVR) and adverse events of DAAs in HIV/HCV co-infected patients were included."	( Efficacy and safety of direct acting antiviral regimens for hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Fan, XG; Ma, SJ; Xiong, YH; Zheng, YX, 2020)	0.56
"6%) were the most effective combinations for HIV/HCV co-infected patients, with SVR rates of approximately 94% and above while severe adverse events were rare."	( Efficacy and safety of direct acting antiviral regimens for hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Fan, XG; Ma, SJ; Xiong, YH; Zheng, YX, 2020)	0.56
" GZR/EBR ± RBV was the optimal combination recommended for HIV/HCV co-infected patients based on the excellent treatment effects and insignificant adverse events."	( Efficacy and safety of direct acting antiviral regimens for hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Fan, XG; Ma, SJ; Xiong, YH; Zheng, YX, 2020)	0.56
" Retrospective analysis of the fractions of patients that achieved sustained virological response (SVR) was performed, and the incidence of adverse events was noted."	( Effectiveness and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir in Korean patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a nationwide real-world study. Chung, WJ; Jang, ES; Jeong, SH; Kim, IH; Kim, KA; Kim, YS; Lee, BS; Lee, YJ, 2021)	0.62
"1%) were common adverse events."	( Effectiveness and safety of elbasvir/grazoprevir in Korean patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a nationwide real-world study. Chung, WJ; Jang, ES; Jeong, SH; Kim, IH; Kim, KA; Kim, YS; Lee, BS; Lee, YJ, 2021)	0.62
"3%) reported ≥1 adverse event (AE) and 491 had AEs (28."	( Safety and tolerability of elbasvir/grazoprevir in chronic hepatitis C virus therapy: Integrated analysis from clinical trials. Brown, DD; Haber, BA; Klopfer, SO; Kwo, P; Nangia, G; Reddy, KR; Robertson, MN; Vierling, JM, 2020)	0.56
" However, its safety profile, including adverse events of special interest (AESIs) and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), is not well known."	( Safety Profile and Adverse Events of Special Interest for Fruquintinib in Chinese Patients with Previously Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Analysis of the Phase 3 FRESCO Trial. Bai, Y; Cao, P; Chen, D; Chen, H; Chen, Z; Cheng, Y; Deng, Y; Fan, S; Guo, W; Guo, X; Han, R; Li, J; Li, W; Liu, T; Ma, D; Pan, H; Qin, S; Shen, L; Shu, Y; Sun, S; Wang, H; Wang, N; Wang, S; Wu, C; Xu, J; Xu, N; Xu, R; Yang, L; Yu, Z; Yuan, Y; Zhang, B; Zhong, H; Zhou, J, 2020)	0.56
" The primary safety outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or in-hospital cardiovascular death."	( Identification and Validation of Major Cardiovascular Events in the United Kingdom Data Sources Included in a Multi-database Post-authorization Safety Study of Prucalopride. Andrews, EB; Cainzos-Achirica, M; Flynn, RWV; Fortuny, J; Garcia-Rodriguez, L; Gilsenan, A; MacDonald, TM; Plana, E; Ruigómez, A; Ziemiecki, R, 2021)	0.62
" The FRESCO-2 study is being conducted globally to determine how safe and effective fruquintinib is at treating patients with metastatic colorectal cancer that has grown or spread following other forms of treatment, such as chemotherapy."	( FRESCO-2: a global Phase III study investigating the efficacy and safety of fruquintinib in metastatic colorectal cancer. Chien, C; Dasari, A; Eng, C; Kania, M; Schelman, W; Sobrero, A; Tabernero, J; Yang, Z; Yao, J; Yoshino, T, 2021)	0.62
" The main adverse events (AEs) included reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP) (81."	( Efficacy and safety of regorafenib or fruquintinib plus camrelizumab in patients with microsatellite stable and/or proficient mismatch repair metastatic colorectal cancer: an observational pilot study. Jiang, FE; Liu, AN; Yu, CY; Zhang, HJ, 2021)	0.62
" The primary safety outcome is the percentage of serious adverse events during the 90 days of treatment."	( Efficacy and safety of butylphthalide for patients who had acute ischaemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis or endovascular treatment (BAST trial): study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Huo, X; Jia, B; Miao, Z; Tian, X; Wang, A; Wang, Y; Zhang, JY; Zhang, X; Zuo, Y, 2021)	0.62
" No serious adverse events/deaths were reported."	( Napabucasin Drug-Drug Interaction Potential, Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics Following Oral Dosing in Healthy Adult Volunteers. Brantley, SJ; Dai, X; Goulet, MT; Hard, ML; Hitron, M; Karol, MD; McLaughlin, CF, 2021)	0.62
" Adverse events were similar between placebo and tasimelteon."	( Tasimelteon safely and effectively improves sleep in Smith-Magenis syndrome: a double-blind randomized trial followed by an open-label extension. Birznieks, G; Brooks, J; Czeisler, EL; Elsea, SH; Fisher, MA; Gibson, MM; Kite, K; Polymeropoulos, CM; Polymeropoulos, MH; Smieszek, SP; Xiao, C, 2021)	0.62
" Eligible patients received either darifenacin or mirabegron for a period of 3 months and various parameters on the 3-day International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (ICIQ) bladder diary, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic score (MoCA-B), and the adverse events at 3 months posttreatment were compared to that at the baseline."	( Neurological safety and efficacy of darifenacin and mirabegron for the treatment of overactive bladder in patients with history of cerebrovascular accident: A prospective study. Chaudhry, N; Kumar, A; Kumar, N; Nagendra Rao, S; Patel, S; Prasad, V; Vasudeva, P; Yadav, P; Yadav, S, 2021)	0.62
" Both are safe and effective treatment options in patients with OAB post-CVA."	( Neurological safety and efficacy of darifenacin and mirabegron for the treatment of overactive bladder in patients with history of cerebrovascular accident: A prospective study. Chaudhry, N; Kumar, A; Kumar, N; Nagendra Rao, S; Patel, S; Prasad, V; Vasudeva, P; Yadav, P; Yadav, S, 2021)	0.62
" In contrast to TAK-875, which was metabolized through toxic glucuronidation, CPL207280 was metabolized mainly through oxidation."	( Evaluation of the hepatotoxicity of the novel GPR40 (FFAR1) agonist CPL207280 in the rat and monkey. Bazydlo-Guzenda, K; Buda, P; Dominowski, J; Drzazga, E; Gad, SC; Janiszewski, M; Kozlowska, I; Mach, M; Pieczykolan, J; Wieczorek, M; Ziolkowski, H, 2021)	0.62
" Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment cessation and treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were assessed."	( Safety and efficacy of grazoprevir/elbasvir in the treatment of acute hepatitis C in hemodialysis patients. Chu, X; Ji, Q; Liu, X; Ye, W; Zhao, W; Zhou, Y, 2022)	0.72
" Napabucasin was well-tolerated across the study (n = 70), and no serious adverse events or significant safety issues were reported when administered with or without food."	( Effects of a reactive oxygen species generator, napabucasin (BBI608), on tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics, and QT/QTc interval in healthy volunteers. Horibuchi, Y; Iino, S; Kakuyama, H; Matsuki, S; Noda, N; Ogama, Y; Takagaki, T; Yodo, Y, 2021)	0.62
" The baseline characteristics, adverse events (AEs), and seven-point scale of Clinical Global Impression-Improvement were collected."	( Safety/Efficacy of Prucalopride in Korean Patients with Chronic Constipation: Post-marketing Surveillance. Choi, CH; Choi, MG; Chung, WC; Jeon, SW; Kim, SY; Park, SJ; Yeon, SE, 2021)	0.62
" The primary outcome was time-to-treatment failure (TTF), and secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and adverse events."	( Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Regorafenib and Fruquintinib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer-An Observational Cohort Study in the Real World. Cao, Y; Chen, M; Li, J; Lu, M; Peng, Z; Qi, C; Shen, L; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhang, J; Zhang, Q, 2022)	0.72
" The incidences of most adverse events were similar between the two groups, while any grade of hand-foot skin reaction and hyperbilirubinemia were more frequently observed in the regorafenib group and ≥grade 3 hypertension was more common in the fruquintinib group."	( Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Regorafenib and Fruquintinib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer-An Observational Cohort Study in the Real World. Cao, Y; Chen, M; Li, J; Lu, M; Peng, Z; Qi, C; Shen, L; Wang, X; Wang, Z; Zhang, J; Zhang, Q, 2022)	0.72
" Many randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trials suggest that NBP is a safe and effective treatment for ischemic stroke."	( Efficacy and safety of butylphthalide in secondary prevention of stroke: study protocol for a multicenter, real world trial based on Internet. Lv, J; Xie, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, G, 2022)	0.72
"), and adverse events of patients in groups."	( Efficacy and safety of butylphthalide in secondary prevention of stroke: study protocol for a multicenter, real world trial based on Internet. Lv, J; Xie, Z; Zhao, D; Zhao, G, 2022)	0.72
" There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between both groups."	( Efficacy and safety of 3-n-butylphthalide for the treatment of cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chi, X; Han, C; Hu, J; Huang, J; Kou, L; Li, Y; Sun, Y; Wan, F; Wang, T; Wu, J; Xia, Y; Yin, S; Zhou, Q; Zou, W, 2022)	0.72
"The NBP is effective and safe in improving cognitive impairment; however, more high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm these findings."	( Efficacy and safety of 3-n-butylphthalide for the treatment of cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chi, X; Han, C; Hu, J; Huang, J; Kou, L; Li, Y; Sun, Y; Wan, F; Wang, T; Wu, J; Xia, Y; Yin, S; Zhou, Q; Zou, W, 2022)	0.72
" The most frequently reported adverse events were diarrhea (83."	( A Phase I Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Napabucasin Combined with Sorafenib in Japanese Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Eguchi, Y; Iino, S; Kageyama, R; Morimoto, M; Nakamura, S; Okusaka, T, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" For tolamolol it is possible to demonstrate a good correlation between parent drug blood levels and the pharmacodynamic effect; this relation is less evident for bufuralol."	( [Role of metabolites in the relationship between pharmacokinetics and the effect of beta blockers. Studies on tolamolol and bufuralol]. Balant, L; Fabre, FJ; Francis, RJ; Gorgia, A; Revillard, C; Tschopp, JM, 1978)	0.26
" Plasma usnic acid levels following intravenous administration showed a triexponential elimination with a mean +/- SD terminal half-life of 10."	( Pharmacokinetics of D(+)-usnic acid in rabbits after intravenous and oral administration. Krishna, DR; Venkataramana, D, )	0.13
"Phenobarbitone pretreatment has been shown to increase amiodarone total clearance and decrease amiodarone elimination half-life after a single intravenous amiodarone dose in the rat."	( Effect of phenobarbitone on the pharmacokinetics and tissue levels of amiodarone in the rat. Bernhard, R; Ferguson, RK; Fruncillo, RJ; Swanson, BN; Vlasses, PH, 1985)	0.27
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from plasma samples obtained over a 24-h period."	( Effect of renal failure or biliary stasis on the pharmacokinetics of amiodarone in the rat. Bernhard, R; Ferguson, RK; Fruncillo, RJ; Marchion, C; Swanson, BN, 1986)	0.27
" This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic basis of this interaction in 10 normal subjects."	( Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the digoxin-amiodarone interaction. Fenster, PE; Hanson, CD; White, NW, 1985)	0.27
" Preliminary pharmacokinetic and bioavailability evaluations in the dog indicate that 1 was rapidly distributed and had a terminal half-life of 132 min after an intravenous dose."	( Liquid chromatographic-ultraviolet methods for furegrelate in serum and urine: preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation in the dog. Friis, JM; Lakings, DB, 1985)	0.27
"The pharmacokinetic interaction between digoxin (1) and amiodarone (2) has drawn increasing attention during recent years, but the tissue correlates of such an interaction are not known."	( Tissue-serum correlates of digoxin-amiodarone pharmacokinetic interaction in rats: evidence for selective tissue accumulation and reduced tissue binding. Al-Sarraf, L; Kannan, R; Singh, BN; Venkatesh, N, 1985)	0.27
" Lidocaine pharmacokinetic parameters were unchanged in the presence of amiodarone."	( Effect of amiodarone on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, quinidine, and lidocaine in the rat. DiGregorio, GJ; Fruncillo, RJ; Kozin, SH, 1985)	0.27
" The pharmacokinetic parameters, calculated on the intravenous data using a two-compartment open model, indicate a very large volume of distribution (9."	( Pharmacokinetics of amiodarone in man. Gerna, M; Giani, P; Latini, R; Maggioni, A; Riva, E; Volpi, A, )	0.13
" The drug disappeared from the blood with an elimination half-life (t1/2beta) of 514 min and distributed extensively into tissues [apparent volume of distribution (Vd)= 29."	( Pharmacokinetics of amiodarone in rats. Bartosek, I; Gerna, M; Guaitani, A; Neyroz, P; Riva, E; Urso, R, )	0.13
" Amiodarone has a reduced clearance rate, large volume of distribution, low bioavailability and a long half-life that may last 2 months in patients receiving short-term therapy."	( Amiodarone: electrophysiologic actions, pharmacokinetics and clinical effects. Heger, JJ; Prystowsky, EN; Zipes, DP, 1984)	0.27
" As yet, its pharmacokinetic behaviour has not been satisfactorily characterised."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of amiodarone. Kates, RE; Latini, R; Tognoni, G, )	0.13
"This article reviews clinical pharmacokinetic data on 8 new antiarrhythmic agents."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the newer antiarrhythmic agents. Gillis, AM; Kates, RE, )	0.13
" The decline in amiodarone plasma concentration after a single intravenous 400 mg dose was described by a triexponential decay equation, with a mean terminal half-life (t1/2) of 34."	( Pharmacokinetics and body distribution of amiodarone in man. Maes, RA; Plomp, TA; Robles de Medina, EO; van Lier, T; van Rossum, JM, 1984)	0.27
" In patients the terminal elimination half-life was on the order of 40 days, with a more rapid phase of elimination in the first few days following the withdrawal of therapy."	( Amiodarone pharmacokinetics. Holt, DW; Jackson, PR; Storey, GC; Tucker, GT, 1983)	0.27
" We have not observed substantial pharmacokinetic differences between our case and studies carried out after chronic oral or intravenous administration."	( [Pharmacokinetics of amiodarone in one case of acute oral intoxication]. Cozzi, A; Forgione, N; Fortunati, MT; Marini, G; Morandi, F; Santarone, M; Saveri, C, 1983)	0.27
"kg-1 of body weight; and the elimination half-life of the unchanged compound was found to be approximately 21 hours."	( Mass spectrometric identification of amiodarone N-monodesethyl metabolite and application of an HPLC method to a pharmacokinetic study. Aubert, C; Cano, JP; Egre, A; Marchiset, D; Sumirtapura, YC, )	0.13
" The postdistribution elimination half-life was longer, the area under the plasma elimination curve larger, and the total body plasma clearance and apparent volume of distribution was reduced in the animals with arrhythmias."	( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antiarrhythmic compound MD750819 in dogs with experimentally induced arrhythmias. Benedetti, MS; Dow, J; Laquais, B; Pourrias, B; Tisne-Versailles, J, 1982)	0.26
" The inability of the TEFs to predict the relative potency of these compounds after 13 weeks of treatment may be due in part to the differences in the pharmacokinetic properties of each congener."	( The importance of pharmacokinetics in determining the relative potency of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran. Birnbaum, LS; DeVito, MJ, 1995)	0.29
" The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from a three-compartment body model and a noncompartment body model gave close values."	( Pharmacokinetics of d(+)-usnic acid in rabbits after intravenous administration. Krishna, DR; Venkataramana, D, )	0.13
" Due to concern about the potential of these workers to have significant body burdens of PCDD/Fs, and the absence of measurements in these workers, a single-compartment pharmacokinetic model was developed to estimate the concentration of PCDD/Fs in the fat tissue of the sawmill workers."	( Pharmacokinetic model of dioxin and furan levels in adipose tissue from sawmill work involving chlorophenate fungicides. Bert, J; Campbell, CA; Hertzman, C; Quintana, PJ; Teschke, K, 1996)	0.29
" The pharmacodynamic performance in the mouse of selected compounds was assessed using an ex vivo LTB4 assay and an adoptive peritoneal anaphylaxis assay at extended pretreat times."	( Bicyclic N-hydroxyurea inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase: pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and in vitro metabolic studies characterizing N-hydroxy-N-(2,3-dihydro-6-(phenylmethoxy)-3-benzofuranyl)urea. Adams, JL; Breton, JJ; Brian, WR; Chabot-Fletcher, M; Garigipati, RS; Garver, E; Griswold, DE; Newton, JF; Schmidt, SJ; Sorenson, M; Tyrrell, KA; Tzimas, M; Webb, EF; Yodis, LA, 1996)	0.29
" The pharmacokinetic determinants of the analgesic action of benzofurocaine are the area under the pharmacokinetic curve, half-life period, and average time of drug retention in blood."	( [The pharmacokinetic determinants of the analgesic effect of benzofurocaine in patients with burns and wounds of the joints]. Pentiuk, OO; Semenenko, IF; Stanislavchuk, MA, )	0.13
" Arterial input curves for IBF and epidepride fit three-exponential models with terminal half-life of 54-76 and 50-59 min, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetics of the three radioiodinated dopamine D2 receptor ligands [123I]IBF, [123I]epidepride and [123I]2'-ISP in nonhuman primates. al-Tikriti, MS; Baldwin, RM; Charney, DS; Hoffer, PB; Laruelle, M; Malison, RT; Seibyl, JP; Sybirska, EH; Zea-Ponce, Y; Zoghbi, SS, 1994)	0.29
"We investigated the pharmacokinetic behavior of carzelesin in 31 patients receiving this drug by 10-min intravenous infusion in a Phase I clinical trial, which was conducted at institutions in Nijmegen (institution 1) and Brussels (institution 2)."	( A clinical pharmacokinetics study of carzelesin given by short-term intravenous infusion in a phase I study. Awada, A; Beijnen, JH; Groot, Y; Henrar, RE; Nooijen, WJ; Piccart, MJ; Punt, CJ; Schaaf, LJ; van Tellingen, O; Wagener, DJ, 1998)	0.3
" In this Phase I study, carzelesin was given daily for 5 consecutive days to (a) determine the maximum tolerable dose (MTD) and the pattern of toxicity of this schedule; (b) define the pharmacokinetic profile of the parent, as was done for the intermediate compound U-76073 and the DNA-reactive agent U-76074; and (c) document any antitumor activity observed."	( Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of carzelesin (U-80244) given daily for five consecutive days. Beijnen, JH; Bench, K; Bruntsch, U; Cavalli, F; de Jong, J; Groot, Y; Sessa, C; van Tellingen, O; Wanders, J; Wolff, I, 1996)	0.29
"The methodology described demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of performing pharmacokinetic studies in the serially bled mouse model to support the early development of discovery compounds."	( The use of capillary high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry for the analysis of small volume blood samples from serially bled mice to determine the pharmacokinetics of early discovery compounds. Dear, GJ; Fraser, D; Fraser, IJ; L'Affineur, M; Plumb, R; Skippen, AJ, 1999)	0.3
" This 8-week inpatient study examined the ability of enadoline, a selective and high-efficacy kappa-agonist, and butorphanol, a mixed agonist with intermediate efficacy at both mu- and kappa-receptors, to reduce the direct pharmacodynamic effects and self-administration of intravenous cocaine in humans (n = 8)."	( Enadoline and butorphanol: evaluation of kappa-agonists on cocaine pharmacodynamics and cocaine self-administration in humans. Bigelow, GE; Geter-Douglas, B; Strain, EC; Walsh, SL, 2001)	0.31
"Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of N-myristoyltransferase (Nmt) inhibitors were measured, and a multivariate quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationship (QSPKR) model for predicting rat elimination half-life (t(1/2)) values was constructed."	( Cassette dosing approach and quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationship study of antifungal N-myristoyltransferase inhibitors. Aoki, Y; Hasegawa, K; Horii, I; Ichihara, S; Ohtsuka, T; Shimma, N; Shindoh, H; Shiratori, Y, )	0.13
" Pharmacokinetic studies following intravenous and oral administration and 1 month oral steady-state studies were carried out in rats and monkeys."	( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of BMS-214778, a novel melatonin receptor agonist. Boulton, DW; Vachharajani, NN; Yeleswaram, K, 2003)	0.32
" The relationships between explanatory covariates and pharmacokinetic parameters were explored."	( Population pharmacokinetic modelling of darifenacin and its hydroxylated metabolite using pooled data, incorporating saturable first-pass metabolism, CYP2D6 genotype and formulation-dependent bioavailability. Karlsson, MO; Kerbusch, T; Milligan, PA; Wählby, U, 2003)	0.32
" The study also sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ILX-295501 on this schedule, characterize its pharmacokinetic behavior, and seek preliminary evidence of anticancer activity."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of ILX-295501, an oral diarylsulfonylurea, on a weekly for 3 weeks every 4-week schedule in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Callaghan, JT; Diab, S; Forouzesh, B; Gazak, R; Goetz, A; Hammond, LA; Rowinsky, EK; Schwartz, G; Smetzer, L; Takimoto, CH; Von Hoff, DD, 2003)	0.32
" A comparison was made between a series of pharmacodynamic models (direct-effect, indirect-effect, link and binding model) using NONMEM."	( Assessment of the relative in vivo potency of the hydroxylated metabolite of darifenacin in its ability to decrease salivary flow using pooled population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data. Karlsson, MO; Kerbusch, T; Milligan, PA, 2004)	0.32
"The binding model yielded the best description of the decrease in SF by fully accounting for the time course of the pharmacodynamic effect."	( Assessment of the relative in vivo potency of the hydroxylated metabolite of darifenacin in its ability to decrease salivary flow using pooled population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data. Karlsson, MO; Kerbusch, T; Milligan, PA, 2004)	0.32
"Population modelling of darifenacin and its hydroxylated metabolite yielded individual pharmacokinetic predictions that could be used to assess the in vivo potency of the metabolite to decrease SF relative to that of the parent drug."	( Assessment of the relative in vivo potency of the hydroxylated metabolite of darifenacin in its ability to decrease salivary flow using pooled population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data. Karlsson, MO; Kerbusch, T; Milligan, PA, 2004)	0.32
"To evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects of darifenacin (a muscarinic M(3) selective receptor antagonist) and dicyclomine (an M(1) selective receptor antagonist) in healthy male volunteers."	( Pharmacodynamic effects of darifenacin, a muscarinic M selective receptor antagonist for the treatment of overactive bladder, in healthy volunteers. Kay, GG; Wesnes, KA, 2005)	0.33
" Darifenacin was found to have a short terminal elimination half-life after intravenous and immediate-release oral dosage forms (3-4 hours) but this increased with a prolonged-release (PR) formulation (14-16 hours)."	( The clinical pharmacokinetics of darifenacin. Skerjanec, A, 2006)	0.33
" This is the first report on the determination and pharmacokinetic study of danshensu, salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA in rat plasma and the results indicated that this method was reliable for the determination of the major active components of danshen in rat plasma."	( Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of water-soluble and lipid-soluble components of danshen in rat plasma using HPLC-UV method. Chen, Q; Deng, L; Fu, H; Gong, T; Liu, J; Nie, Y; Wang, X; Zhang, ZR, 2007)	0.34
" Rat serum samples collected after intravenous and oral administration were analyzed for obtaining pharmacokinetic data of LA."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of lithospermic acid by LC/MS/MS in rats. Li, X; Lu, Y; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Xuan, L; Xue, Z; Zhang, Q, 2008)	0.35
"The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of Panax quinquefolium protopanaxadiol saponins (PQDS) extracts on the plasma protein binding and pharmacokinetic of salvianolic acids extracts extracted from the traditional Chinese medical Salvia miltiorrhiza,."	( Pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acids after intravenous injection, with and without Panax quinquefolium protopanaxadiol saponins, in rats. Liu, YS; Tang, X; Wang, YJ; Yang, XN, 2008)	0.35
"It was found that there were significant differences in the percentage protein binding as well as the pharmacokinetic parameters."	( Pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acids after intravenous injection, with and without Panax quinquefolium protopanaxadiol saponins, in rats. Liu, YS; Tang, X; Wang, YJ; Yang, XN, 2008)	0.35
" Finally, the method was successfully used to support a preclinical pharmacokinetic study of 3-n-butylphthalide in rats following intravenous administration."	( High-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of 3-n-butylphthalide in rat plasma by tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry: application to a pharmacokinetic study. Chen, D; Chen, F; He, Z; Liu, X; Niu, Z; Sun, J; Wang, Y, 2008)	0.35
"Metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies on rat were conducted for lithospermic acid B, one of the components from Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (danshen) that shows many bioactivities."	( High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for rat metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies of lithospermic acid B from danshen. Cai, Z; Chan, K; Chan, W; Cui, L; Jiang, ZH; Wu, JL, 2008)	0.35
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of MET and META were measured after oral (15 mg/kg) administration of MET in rats in the presence and absence of SalB."	( The effects of salvianolic acid B from radix salvia miltiorrhizae on the oral pharmacokinetics of metoprolol and metoprolol acid in rats. Liu, CX; Wan, RZ; Zhou, MJ, 2010)	0.36
"To investigate the pharmacokinetic interactions induced by content variation of the main water-soluble components of Danshen injection in rats."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions induced by content variation of major water-soluble components of Danshen preparation in rats. Cao, WW; Cao, Y; Chang, BB; Chen, YC; Liu, XQ; Wang, Y; Yang, WL; Zhang, L, 2010)	0.36
" Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and compared for identifying the pharmacokinetic interactions among these components."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions induced by content variation of major water-soluble components of Danshen preparation in rats. Cao, WW; Cao, Y; Chang, BB; Chen, YC; Liu, XQ; Wang, Y; Yang, WL; Zhang, L, 2010)	0.36
"Complex, extensive pharmacokinetic interactions were observed among the major water-soluble constituents in the Danshen injection."	( Pharmacokinetic interactions induced by content variation of major water-soluble components of Danshen preparation in rats. Cao, WW; Cao, Y; Chang, BB; Chen, YC; Liu, XQ; Wang, Y; Yang, WL; Zhang, L, 2010)	0.36
" The favorable pharmacokinetic profile of mapracorat supports further clinical investigation and suggests that a convenient daily dosing regimen may be efficacious for this novel ophthalmic anti-inflammatory therapy."	( Ocular pharmacokinetics of mapracorat, a novel, selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist, in rabbits and monkeys. Lowe, ER; Proksch, JW; Ward, KW, 2011)	0.37
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental methods."	( Pharmacokinetics of phenolic compounds of Danshen extract in rat blood and brain by microdialysis sampling. Li, J; Wu, L; Yin, FX; Yuan, Y; Zhang, QL; Zhang, YJ, 2011)	0.37
" These results suggested that pretreatment with rifampicin prior to SAB administration could decrease significantly the total and bile elimination of SAB and alter its pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Influence of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acid B may involve inhibition of organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp) mediated influx. Chen, XJ; Gao, ZD; Han, DE; Li, N; Li, TT; Lu, Y; Zhang, YJ; Zhao, D, 2012)	0.38
" TAK-875 was well tolerated in the study and has pharmacokinetic characteristics suitable for a once-daily regimen."	( Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic properties of the GPR40 agonist TAK-875: results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled single oral dose rising study in healthy volunteers. Dote, N; Higuchi, T; Leifke, E; Naik, H; Vakilynejad, M; Viswanathan, P; Wu, J, 2012)	0.38
"To determine the recommended phase II dose and evaluate the safety and toxicity profile and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of BNC105P, an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization that has vascular disrupting and antiproliferative effects."	( Clinical, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of BNC105P: a phase I trial of a novel vascular disrupting agent and inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation. Bibby, DC; Chong, G; Desai, J; Kremmidiotis, G; Leske, AF; Matthews, CA; Rischin, D; Rosen, MA; Wong, SS, 2011)	0.37
" Assuming a flow-limited distribution, the simulated concentration profiles for SNU-0039 in the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model were in reasonable agreement with the observed concentrations in plasma and nine tissues in rats."	( Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of SNU-0039, an anti-Alzheimer's agent, in rats. Chae, YJ; Chong, S; Chung, SJ; Kim, DD; Lee, J; Lee, KR; Maeng, HJ; Shim, CK, 2011)	0.37
" The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats after an intravenous administration of Danshen injection."	( Simultaneous determination of six phenolic constituents of Danshen injection in rat plasma by LC-ESI-MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Chen, XJ; Han, DE; He, JK; Li, N; Li, TT; Lu, Y; Yang, SY; Zhao, D, 2011)	0.37
" In the present paper, we describe the isolation and elucidation of senkyunolide I from the ethanol extract of Rhizoma Chuanxiong and its pharmacokinetic behavior after intravenous and oral administration to normal and migrainous rats."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide I in a rat model of migraine versus normal controls. Feng, Y; Hong, YL; Liang, S; Lin, X; Shen, L; Wang, YH; Xu, DS, 2012)	0.38
" The concentrations of SEI in plasma and tissues were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using and non-compartmental analysis."	( Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and metabolism of senkyunolide I, a major bioactive component in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae). Feng, Y; He, CY; Liang, S; Lin, X; Ruan, KF; Wang, S; Xu, DS, 2012)	0.38
"78 ng/ml with a median time to Cmax (tmax) of 2 hours and resulted in an area under concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) of 89."	( Pharmacokinetics of single and repeated oral doses prucalopride in healthy Chinese volunteers. Chen, X; Hu, P; Jiang, J; Liu, H; Liu, T; Zhong, W, 2012)	0.38
" Compared to females, males exhibited a slightly lower exposure of prucalopride but similar changes of bowel habits were observed in both genders suggesting the inter-gender pharmacokinetic differences are not clinically relevant."	( Pharmacokinetics of single and repeated oral doses prucalopride in healthy Chinese volunteers. Chen, X; Hu, P; Jiang, J; Liu, H; Liu, T; Zhong, W, 2012)	0.38
" The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated were maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to maximum plasma concentration, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to 24 h, AUC from time zero to the last measurable concentration, AUC from time zero to infinity estimated by linear trapezoidal rule and extrapolation, oral clearance, terminal elimination rate constant, elimination half-life (t½), free fraction in plasma, apparent free drug clearance, amount of vilazodone recovered in urine 0-96 h following drug administration, percent of dose recovered in urine over 96 h following drug administration, renal clearance and volume of distribution."	( Pharmacokinetics of vilazodone in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. Adams, MH; Alcorn, H; Boinpally, R; Edwards, J; Longstreth, J, 2013)	0.39
"Vilazodone pharmacokinetic parameters in renally impaired subjects were variable but not substantially different from healthy controls."	( Pharmacokinetics of vilazodone in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. Adams, MH; Alcorn, H; Boinpally, R; Edwards, J; Longstreth, J, 2013)	0.39
" aureus, MSSA 26213 and MRSA S186, was studied in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model simulating AFN-1252 pharmacokinetics in man."	( Activity of AFN-1252, a novel FabI inhibitor, against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model simulating human pharmacokinetics. Forrest, A; Harigaya, Y; Lesse, AJ; Ngo, D; Tsuji, BT, 2013)	0.39
"To establish a LC-MS/MS method for determining the concentration of tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid B and paeoniflorin of refined coronary cataplasm in rabbit plasma, in order to determine the concentration of the three main ingredients in blood after transdermal administration and calculate their pharmacokinetic parameters."	( [Pharmacokinetic study on three main ingredients of refined coronary cataplasm]. Du, MB; Hou, R; Liang, RX; Liu, SZ; Wang, L; Wang, YL; Zhang, JY, 2012)	0.38
" Winnonlin software was used to calculate their major pharmacokinetic parameters."	( [Pharmacokinetic study on three main ingredients of refined coronary cataplasm]. Du, MB; Hou, R; Liang, RX; Liu, SZ; Wang, L; Wang, YL; Zhang, JY, 2012)	0.38
" After transdermal administration of refined coronary cataplasm in rabbits, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid B or paeoniflorin were as follows: Cmax (20."	( [Pharmacokinetic study on three main ingredients of refined coronary cataplasm]. Du, MB; Hou, R; Liang, RX; Liu, SZ; Wang, L; Wang, YL; Zhang, JY, 2012)	0.38
" The pharmacokinetic characteristics of tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid B and paeoniflorin are suitable to assess the percutaneous absorption of refined coronary cataplasm."	( [Pharmacokinetic study on three main ingredients of refined coronary cataplasm]. Du, MB; Hou, R; Liang, RX; Liu, SZ; Wang, L; Wang, YL; Zhang, JY, 2012)	0.38
"Co-administration of prucalopride with an oral contraceptive did not result in any clinically meaningful pharmacokinetic interactions and was well tolerated."	( Effect of prucalopride on the pharmacokinetics of oral contraceptives in healthy women. Ausma, J; Boterman, M; Hoppenbrouwers, M; Van de Velde, V; Vandeplassche, L, 2013)	0.39
" This rapid and sensitive method was fully validated and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of limonin, dictamnine, obacunone and fraxinellone in the rat plasma after oral administration of Cortex Dictamni extract."	( Simultaneous determination of limonin, dictamnine, obacunone and fraxinellone in rat plasma by a validated UHPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Cortex Dictamni extract. Gao, E; Qu, W; Sun, J; Wang, P; Yu, Z; Zhao, Y, 2013)	0.39
" The detected AUC and Cmax of SI showed significant difference, with no significant difference in other parameters."	( [Comparative study on pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide I after administration of simple recipe and compound recipe in rats]. Bi, KS; Chen, XH; Dai, RH; Gao, WJ; Ma, CJ; Wang, X, 2013)	0.39
" The pharmacokinetic profiles in both rats and dogs brought useful information in the pharmacokinetics prediction in human."	( Pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats and Beagle dogs and in vitro metabolism of ZJM-289, a novel nitric dioxide donor. Chen, X; Ji, H; Li, N; Li, T; Lu, Y; Qiu, Z; Wang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhao, D, 2014)	0.4
" The LC-MS/MS assay was successfully applied for oral pharmacokinetic evaluation of kadsurenone using the rat as an animal model."	( Development of an LC-MS/MS method for quantification of kadsurenone in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Dong, N; Li, R; Shi, D; Wang, H; Yu, H; Zhang, N; Zhang, S, 2013)	0.39
" Further safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic studies in man are required to investigate therapeutically-relevant doses for this novel agent and its targeted selectivity and high potency against Staphylococcus spp."	( AFN-1252 in vitro absorption studies and pharmacokinetics following microdosing in healthy subjects. Garner, C; Hafkin, B; Kaplan, N, 2013)	0.39
" Here, we report the preparation and pharmacokinetic profile of its carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20."	( Synthesis, radiolabeling, and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation of the amyloid beta radioligand [11C]AZD4694 in nonhuman primates. Amini, N; Bergman, L; Cselenyi, Z; Farde, L; Gulyas, B; Halldin, C; Johnström, P; Lindström-Böö, E; Nakao, R; Sandell, J; Schou, M; Sumic, A; Svensson, S; Varnäs, K, 2014)	0.4
"The advantageous pharmacokinetic profile and low nonspecific binding render [(11)C]AZD4694 a promising PET radioligand for imaging of amyloid beta in the human brain with PET."	( Synthesis, radiolabeling, and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation of the amyloid beta radioligand [11C]AZD4694 in nonhuman primates. Amini, N; Bergman, L; Cselenyi, Z; Farde, L; Gulyas, B; Halldin, C; Johnström, P; Lindström-Böö, E; Nakao, R; Sandell, J; Schou, M; Sumic, A; Svensson, S; Varnäs, K, 2014)	0.4
" The second aim is to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of PO, IPO, P and IP after oral administration of Psoralea corylifolia extract (PCE) to rats."	( A UPLC-MS/MS method for in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies of psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, psoralen and isopsoralen from Psoralea corylifolia extract. Gao, XM; Liu, YN; Qi, AD; Wang, YF; Xiong, W; Xu, YT; Yan, DM; Zhu, Y, 2014)	0.4
"1% aqueous formic acid was validated according to the criteria in FDA guidelines about bioanalytical method, which was developed to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior of PO, IPO, P and IP from PCE and the metabolic pathways of PO to P or IPO to IP."	( A UPLC-MS/MS method for in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies of psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, psoralen and isopsoralen from Psoralea corylifolia extract. Gao, XM; Liu, YN; Qi, AD; Wang, YF; Xiong, W; Xu, YT; Yan, DM; Zhu, Y, 2014)	0.4
" After oral administration of PCE to rat, pharmacokinetic parameters of these four compounds indicated that in vivo biotransformation may occur between PO and P or IPO and IP."	( A UPLC-MS/MS method for in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies of psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, psoralen and isopsoralen from Psoralea corylifolia extract. Gao, XM; Liu, YN; Qi, AD; Wang, YF; Xiong, W; Xu, YT; Yan, DM; Zhu, Y, 2014)	0.4
"This paper developed a rapid, sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of PO, IPO, P and IP from PCE in biological samples, and investigated on their comprehensive in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies."	( A UPLC-MS/MS method for in vivo and in vitro pharmacokinetic studies of psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, psoralen and isopsoralen from Psoralea corylifolia extract. Gao, XM; Liu, YN; Qi, AD; Wang, YF; Xiong, W; Xu, YT; Yan, DM; Zhu, Y, 2014)	0.4
" The effect of combined use was in support of a synergistic pharmacodynamic effect."	( Towards novel anti-tumor strategies for hepatic cancer: ɛ-viniferin in combination with vincristine displays pharmacodynamic synergy at lower doses in HepG2 cells. Akalın, G; Incesu, Z; Işcan, A; Kutlu, HM; Önder, NI; Özdemir, F; Şen, M, 2014)	0.4
"Nine metabolites were found, the metabolic pathway was described, and the pharmacokinetic profiles of LSA and monomethyl-SAB were studied, thereby clarifying that methylation was the dominant metabolic pathway for SAB in rats."	( The identification and pharmacokinetic studies of metabolites of salvianolic acid B after intravenous administration in rats. Cao, LJ; Hao, HP; Hao, K; Li, FY; Qi, Q; Wang, GJ, 2013)	0.39
" The assay was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study."	( Validated liquid chromatographic-fluorescence method for the quantitation of darifenacin in mice plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Abounassif, MA; Alanazi, AM; Attia, SM; Hefnawy, MM; Mohammed, MS; Mostafa, GA, 2014)	0.4
" The validated method was suitable for quantification of TVN and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of TVN after oral and intravenous administration to rats."	( Development and validation of a sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method for the determination of trans δ-veniferin, a resveratrol dehydrodimer, in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetics and bioavailability studies. Kong, L; Liao, X; Liu, Q; Luo, J; Xu, J; Zhao, J, 2014)	0.4
" It shows moderate oral bioavailability of 42-53 % and Tmax < 4 h in mouse, rat, dog and monkey, with exposure-dose linearity proved in rats and dogs."	( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and disposition of a novel selective VEGFR inhibitor fruquintinib (HMPL-013) and the prediction of its human pharmacokinetics. Gu, Y; Guo, L; Li, K; Ren, H; Sai, Y; Su, W; Wang, J; Zhang, L; Zhang, W, 2014)	0.4
" After validation, this method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study."	( Simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, ferulic acid, tetrahydropalmatine, protopine, typhaneoside, senkyunolide I in Beagle dogs plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after Oral Administration of Shaofu Zhuyu Cui, W; Duan, JA; Guo, J; Huang, X; Huang, Z; Li, Z; Liu, P; Qian, D; Shang, E; Su, S, 2014)	0.4
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental methods."	( In vivo distribution and pharmacokinetics of multiple active components from Danshen and Sanqi and their combination via inner ear administration. Chen, G; Long, W; Mu, L; Wen, L; Yang, F; Zhang, SC, 2014)	0.4
" The values of Cmax and AUC(0-t) after IT were significantly higher than IV."	( In vivo distribution and pharmacokinetics of multiple active components from Danshen and Sanqi and their combination via inner ear administration. Chen, G; Long, W; Mu, L; Wen, L; Yang, F; Zhang, SC, 2014)	0.4
" Co-administration of Danshen and Sanqi could cause significant pharmacokinetic herb-herb interactions in guinea pigs."	( In vivo distribution and pharmacokinetics of multiple active components from Danshen and Sanqi and their combination via inner ear administration. Chen, G; Long, W; Mu, L; Wen, L; Yang, F; Zhang, SC, 2014)	0.4
" Subsequently, a method of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry was established for pharmacokinetic study of YGS in rat plasma."	( The metabolism of YiGan San and subsequent pharmacokinetic evaluation of four metabolites in rat based on liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Chen, H; Feng, F; Gai, Y; Liu, W; Xie, N, 2014)	0.4
" Whether sulfur fumigation can cause the pharmacokinetic changes of the active ingredients in vivo is related to the efficacy and the safety of Chinese medicines' application clinically."	( Evaluation of the influence of sulfur fumigation on the pharmacokinetics of four active ingredients in Si Wu Tang. Cai, B; Cai, H; Cao, G; Li, H; Liu, X; Lou, Y; Pei, K; Qiao, F; Song, X; Tu, S; Zhao, Y, 2015)	0.42
" Study endpoints were pharmacokinetic and safety variables."	( Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and safety of a single oral dose of fasiglifam in subjects with normal or varying degrees of impaired renal function. Marcinak, J; Mayer, M; Nudurupati, S; Peng, X, 2014)	0.4
" The validated method was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of SEI and SEH in normal and migrainous rats after oral administration of Chuanxiong Rhizoma extract."	( Simultaneous determination of senkyunolide I and senkyunolide H in rat plasma by LC-MS: application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study in normal and migrainous rats after oral administration of Chuanxiong Rhizoma extract. Bi, K; Cui, S; Jia, Y; Ma, T; Shi, S; Zhang, C; Zhao, X, 2015)	0.42
" In this study, the developed method is successfully applied to the comparative pharmacokinetic study of LA in rats after oral administration of LA alone, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, and Danggui-Shaoyao-San along with the bioavailability study of LA in rats."	( Study on Pharmacokinetics of Three Preparations from Levistolide A by LC-MS-MS. He, WQ; Huang, XT; Li, WR; Liu, CH; Lv, WS; Qu, Z; Wang, Q; Wei, RR; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhou, XX, 2015)	0.42
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed for up to 48 hours after administration of the investigational product."	( A phase 1 randomized study evaluating the effect of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 agonist, revexepride (SSP-002358), in healthy adults. Corcoran, M; Hoppenbrouwers, M; Hossack, S; Martin, P; Pierce, D; Velinova, M, 2015)	0.42
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of revexepride were similar without or with omeprazole co-administration."	( A phase 1 randomized study evaluating the effect of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of a novel 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 agonist, revexepride (SSP-002358), in healthy adults. Corcoran, M; Hoppenbrouwers, M; Hossack, S; Martin, P; Pierce, D; Velinova, M, 2015)	0.42
"A reliable high-performance liquid chromatography method was adopted for simultaneous determination of lithospermic acid B and tanshinone II A in rat plasma, through which the pharmacokinetic interaction between lithospermic acid B and tanshinone II A by intravenous injection was investigated."	( Pharmacokinetic investigation on interaction between hydrophilic lithospermic acid B and lipophilic tanshinone IIA in rats: an experi- mental study. Mao, S; Wei, G; Xiuli, W, 2015)	0.42
"The simultaneous intravenous injection of tanshinone II A and lithospermic acid B significantly altered the pharmacokinetic parameters of both compounds when compared with the individual intravenous administration of each compound."	( Pharmacokinetic investigation on interaction between hydrophilic lithospermic acid B and lipophilic tanshinone IIA in rats: an experi- mental study. Mao, S; Wei, G; Xiuli, W, 2015)	0.42
" This study investigates the pharmacokinetic properties of SKI3301 extract in rats."	( Pharmacokinetic properties of trifolirhizin, (-)-maackiain, (-)-sophoranone and 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,6-methylenedioxybenzofuran after intravenous and oral administration of Sophora tonkinensis extract in rats. Bae, SH; Bae, SK; Choi, WK; Jang, SM; Kang, M; Kim, D; Min, JS; Park, JB; Ryu, KH; Yoo, H, 2015)	0.42
"A study was made on the pharmacokinetic regularity of effective components salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (SMRR) and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(CR) in rats, so as to discuss the compatibility mechanism of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma."	( [Study on compatibility of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma based on pharmacokinetics of effective components salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid in rat plasma]. Chen, HW; Dong, Y; Ren, WG; Zhang, CY; Zhang, H, 2015)	0.42
" This study was undertaken to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic properties of AFN-1252, following oral administration in an ascending dose trial."	( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release tablets in healthy subjects. Hafkin, B; Hunt, TL; Kaplan, N, 2015)	0.42
"The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between tanshinones and polyphenolics which act as the main bioactive compounds in Saliva miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB)."	( Simultaneous determination of tanshinones and polyphenolics in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to the pharmacokinetic interaction between them. Duan, J; Guan, H; Qian, D; Ren, H; Shang, E; Su, S; Zhang, W, 2016)	0.43
"Pharmacokinetics indicated good absorption with a median Tmax of 2-3 hours, and a mean t1/2 of 7-10 hours, for all doses."	( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral doses of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release (IR) tablets in healthy subjects. Hafkin, B; Hunt, T; Kaplan, N, 2016)	0.43
" Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: LST, LST+SA-B and LST+Tan IIA, and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated after oral administration of LST, LST+SA-B and LST+Tan IIA."	( Effects of salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA on the pharmacokinetics of losartan in rats by regulating the activities and expression of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9. Wang, R; Wang, Y; Yu, X; Yuan, Y; Zhang, H, 2016)	0.43
"A fast, sensitive, and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantitation and pharmacokinetic study of five phthalides (senkyunolide A, ligustilide, butylidenephthalide, 3-butylphthalide, and levistilide A) in rat plasma after oral administration of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD) or Angelica sinensis--Ligusticum chuanxiong herb pair (DG-CX) between normal and arthritis rats."	( Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantitation of five phthalides in rat plasma: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan and herb-pair extract. Bian, Q; Dai, R; Lee, DY; Ma, W; Peng, Y; Wang, N; Wang, W, 2016)	0.43
" However, no reports have been described the pharmacokinetic study of them."	( Development and validation of a UFLC-MS/MS method for determination of 7'(Z)-(8″S, 8‴S)-epi-salvianolic acid E, (7'R, 8'R, 8″S, 8‴S)-epi-salvianolic acid B and salvianolic acid B in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Huang, J; Liu, X; Miao, J; Sun, G; Sun, H; Sun, W; Tong, L; Xie, X; Xu, J, 2016)	0.43
" Pharmacokinetic parameters were measured after a single dose and in multiple dosing."	( A Phase I study of safety and pharmacokinetics of fruquintinib, a novel selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, -2, and -3 tyrosine kinases in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cao, J; Chen, Z; Fan, S; Li, J; Li, K; Peng, W; Su, W; Zhang, J, 2016)	0.43
" PK analysis showed good and rapid absorption followed by slow terminal elimination with a mean half-life of approximately 42 h which was consistent across all dose groups."	( A Phase I study of safety and pharmacokinetics of fruquintinib, a novel selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, -2, and -3 tyrosine kinases in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors. Cao, J; Chen, Z; Fan, S; Li, J; Li, K; Peng, W; Su, W; Zhang, J, 2016)	0.43
" Semi-physiological pharmacokinetic analyses using the above parameters revealed that simulated concentration curves of PF-04937319 and M1 were approximately superimposed with the observed clinical data in humans."	( Simulation of human plasma concentration-time profiles of the partial glucokinase activator PF-04937319 and its disproportionate N-demethylated metabolite using humanized chimeric mice and semi-physiological pharmacokinetic modeling. Chijiwa, H; Ishiguro, T; Ito, S; Kalgutkar, AS; Kamimura, H; Mitsui, M; Ninomiya, SI; Nishinoaki, S; Okuzono, T; Suemizu, H; Yamamoto, Y; Yamazaki, H, 2017)	0.46
" The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties and excretion of prucalopride in healthy individuals, using a microtracer approach with (14)C radioactivity detection using liquid scintillation counting and accelerator mass spectrometry."	( A Phase I Study to Investigate the Absorption, Pharmacokinetics, and Excretion of [(14)C]Prucalopride After a Single Oral Dose in Healthy Volunteers. Ding, J; Dragone, J; Flach, S; Getsy, J; Pankratz, T; Pennick, M; Scarfe, G; Seymour, M; Troy, S, 2016)	0.43
" uHTS hit 1 demonstrated an excellent rodent pharmacokinetic profile and selectivity over the related fatty acid receptor GPR40, but only modest GPR120 potency."	( Discovery of benzofuran propanoic acid GPR120 agonists: From uHTS hit to mechanism-based pharmacodynamic effects. Akiyama, TE; Alleyne, C; Bender, K; Crespo, A; Cummings, J; Di Salvo, J; Finley, MF; Geissler, W; Habulihaz, B; Howard, AD; Johnson, E; Kirkland, M; Lei, Y; Leung, D; Lombardo, M; London, C; Madeira, M; Mane, J; Pachanski, M; Plotkin, MA; Pols, J; Powles, MA; Roussel, T; Sinz, CJ; Tata, JR; Trusca, D; Uebele, VN; Ujjainwalla, F, 2016)	0.43
" The pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental method."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of two formulations of talniflumate 370 mg tablets in healthy Korean volunteers . Kim, BH; Kim, Y; Lee, S; Yim, S, 2017)	0.46
"The pharmacokinetic profiles of the test and reference formulations were found not to be significantly different, meeting the Korean regulatory criteria for bioequivalence."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of two formulations of talniflumate 370 mg tablets in healthy Korean volunteers . Kim, BH; Kim, Y; Lee, S; Yim, S, 2017)	0.46
" These studies evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetic interactions between elbasvir (EBR) and grazoprevir (GZR) and ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel (EE/LNG)."	( No clinically meaningful pharmacokinetic interaction between the hepatitis C virus inhibitors elbasvir and grazoprevir and the oral contraceptives ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel. Butterton, JR; Caro, L; Feng, HP; Guo, Z; Huang, X; Ma, J; Mangin, E; Marshall, WL; O'Reilly, TE; Panebianco, D; Talaty, J; Yeh, WW, 2017)	0.46
" DA-8031 and its four metabolites were analyzed in the plasma and urine for pharmacokinetic evaluation."	( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of DA-8031, a novel selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for premature ejaculation in healthy male subjects. Bahng, MY; Cho, JY; Jang, IJ; Lee, S; Shin, D; Yi, S; Yoon, SH; Yu, KS, 2017)	0.46
"After a single dose, plasma DA-8031 reached the maximum concentration at a median of 2-3 h and was eliminated with terminal elimination half-life of 17."	( Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of DA-8031, a novel selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for premature ejaculation in healthy male subjects. Bahng, MY; Cho, JY; Jang, IJ; Lee, S; Shin, D; Yi, S; Yoon, SH; Yu, KS, 2017)	0.46
" Participants with mild, moderate, or severe HI and controls (aged 18 to 65 years) matched for race, age, sex, and body mass index were enrolled in a 3-part, open-label, sequential-panel pharmacokinetic study."	( Effect of Hepatic Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics of Grazoprevir, a Hepatitis C Virus Protease Inhibitor. Angus, P; Butterton, JR; Caro, L; Fandozzi, C; Fraser, IP; Gane, E; Guo, Z; Ho, M; Iwamoto, M; Marbury, T; Panebianco, D; Reitmann, C; Smith, WB; Talaty, J; Uemura, N; Wenning, L; Yeh, WW, 2017)	0.46
" The quantitative retention-activity relationships (QRARs) of the constituents were established to model their pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and chromatographic retention data, and generate their biological effectiveness fingerprints."	( Determination of quantitative retention-activity relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and biological effectiveness fingerprints of Salvia miltiorrhiza constituents using biopartitioning and microemulsion high-performance liquid chromatography. Gao, H; Huang, H; Li, N; Yu, N; Zheng, A, 2017)	0.46
"Participants with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment and age-, sex-, and weight-matched healthy controls were enrolled in a 3-part, open-label, sequential-panel, single-dose pharmacokinetic study."	( Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Single-Dose Elbasvir in Participants with Hepatic Impairment. Butterton, JR; Caro, L; Fandozzi, C; Feng, HP; Garrett, G; Huang, X; Iwamoto, M; Lasseter, KC; Liu, F; Marbury, T; Marshall, WL; Panebianco, D; Preston, RA; Wenning, L; Yeh, WW, 2018)	0.48
" The aim of the present study was to assess the safety and pharmacokinetic interactions between EBR and GZR and single doses of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and prednisone."	( Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Elbasvir/Grazoprevir and Immunosuppressant Drugs in Healthy Volunteers. Butterton, JR; Caro, L; Fandozzi, CM; Feng, HP; Guo, Z; Iwamoto, M; Panebianco, D; Talaty, J; Wolford, D; Yeh, WW, 2018)	0.48
" Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic behavior of TSM-I and TSM-II in rats were measured."	( Anhydrates and hemihydrate of tasimelteon: Synthesis, structure, and pharmacokinetic study. Bai, H; Gu, J; Hu, X; Liu, K; Liu, X; Tang, G; Xu, Z; Zhou, X; Zhu, J, 2018)	0.48
" Blood samples were collected through 336 h post-dose for pharmacokinetic evaluation."	( Evaluation of the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of a Single Oral Dose of Fasiglifam in Subjects with Mild or Moderate Hepatic Impairment. Kogame, A; Marcinak, J; Tagawa, Y; Vakilynejad, M, 2018)	0.48
"This study evaluated the single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetic (PK) variables of elbasvir and grazoprevir in healthy Chinese individuals."	( A Phase I, Single- and Multiple-dose Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics of Elbasvir and Grazoprevir in Healthy Chinese Participants. Cheung, TT; Feng, HP; Li, W; Ling Lam, KS; Mu, S; Wang, J; Wang, Z; Yan Chiu, JW; Yeh, WW; Yuen, MF; Yung Cheung, BM; Zhao, XM, 2018)	0.48
"To describe the phase 1 and population pharmacokinetic investigations that support dosing recommendations for elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) in hepatitis C virus-infected people with advanced chronic kidney disease."	( Pharmacokinetics of elbasvir and grazoprevir in subjects with end-stage renal disease or severe renal impairment. Bhagunde, P; Butterton, JR; Caro, L; Du, L; Fandozzi, C; Feng, HP; Guo, Z; Iwamoto, M; Marshall, WL; Panebianco, D; Wenning, L; Yeh, WW, 2019)	0.51
" Population pharmacokinetic analyses from the phase 3 C-SURFER study (PN052, NCT02092350) were also conducted."	( Pharmacokinetics of elbasvir and grazoprevir in subjects with end-stage renal disease or severe renal impairment. Bhagunde, P; Butterton, JR; Caro, L; Du, L; Fandozzi, C; Feng, HP; Guo, Z; Iwamoto, M; Marshall, WL; Panebianco, D; Wenning, L; Yeh, WW, 2019)	0.51
" Finally, the validation method was successfully applied to an in vivo study in order to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of these new amphetamines."	( LC-MS/MS analysis of two new designer drugs (FLY serie) in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Baralla, E; Boatto, G; Burrai, L; Demontis, MP; Nieddu, M; Varoni, MV, 2019)	0.51
"The prolongation of the coexistence of the four active components in Danshen in vivo by regulating their pharmacokinetic processes may contribute to better efficiency."	( Development of sustained-release pellets to modulate the in vivo processes of the main active components of Danshen: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Jiang, C; Liu, J; Tang, H; Wang, B; Wang, D; Zhang, S, 2019)	0.51
" The four kinds of sustained-release pellets were filled into capsules on the basis of the original weight ratio of the four active components in purified Salvia miltiorrhiza extract for further in vitro release and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigations."	( Development of sustained-release pellets to modulate the in vivo processes of the main active components of Danshen: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. Jiang, C; Liu, J; Tang, H; Wang, B; Wang, D; Zhang, S, 2019)	0.51
" The pharmacokinetic analysis of Sal B, Ros A and DA after pulmonary administration of SMPA solution to rat was performed by LC-MS/MS."	( Pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid and Danshensu in rat after pulmonary administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolic acid solution. Li, J; Liu, H; Liu, Z; Lu, P; Ma, Z; Peng, H; Xing, Y; Xue, Z; Zhang, B; Zhou, QT, 2019)	0.51
" Furthermore, the method was successfully applied for pharmacokinetic study of these seven components in rat serum after oral administration of NDS."	( Validated LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of seven components of Naodesheng in rat serum after oral administration and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Kang, J; Liang, S; Luo, L; Qi, Y; Zhao, W, 2019)	0.51
" The objective of the study was to investigate the tolerability and effect of high-fat food on the pharmacokinetic profile of a fruquintinib capsule in healthy Chinese subjects."	( Effects of a High-fat Meal on the Pharmacokinetics of the VEGFR Inhibitor Fruquintinib: A Randomized Phase I Study in Healthy Subjects. Chen, Q; Fan, S; Jia, J; Li, K; Li, T; Liu, Y; Qian, H; Sai, Y; Su, W; Wang, W; Yu, C, 2019)	0.51
" Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected at the designated time points."	( Effects of a High-fat Meal on the Pharmacokinetics of the VEGFR Inhibitor Fruquintinib: A Randomized Phase I Study in Healthy Subjects. Chen, Q; Fan, S; Jia, J; Li, K; Li, T; Liu, Y; Qian, H; Sai, Y; Su, W; Wang, W; Yu, C, 2019)	0.51
" The analytical method had been validated and applied to a pharmacokinetic study of fruquintinib in rat."	( Validated UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of fruquintinib in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. Guo, J; Luo, SB; Mei, YB; Qiu, XJ; Xie, SL; Ye, LY; Zhang, Q, 2019)	0.51
"The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the bioequivalence of 2 tablet formulations of prucalopride, generic and branded, and to investigate relevant pharmacokinetic and safety profiles."	( Pharmacokinetics, Bioequivalence, and Safety Studies of Prucalopride in Healthy Chinese Subjects. Chen, H; Huang, X; Wang, C; Xia, Y; Yu, C; Yu, X; Zhang, D; Zhang, X; Zheng, X; Zhou, Z, 2020)	0.56
" Herein, in order to further evaluate the druglikeness of TAK-875 sulfoxide analogs, the pharmacokinetic properties of compounds 2, 3, and 4 in rats were investigated and compared with that of TAK-875."	( In vivo pharmacokinetic study and oral glucose tolerance test of sulfoxide analogs of GPR40 agonist TAK-875. Dong, H; Xu, Q; Xu, W; Yan, Y; Zhang, Y; Zhao, C, 2020)	0.56
" The developed method was applied to evaluating the pharmacokinetic study of 13 bioactive compounds after oral administration of Psoraleae Fructus in rat of different genders."	( Simultaneous characterization of multiple Psoraleae Fructus bioactive compounds in rat plasma by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for application in sex-related differences in pharmacokinetics. Cheng, LY; Song, L; Wu, YL; Yang, L; Yu, YL; Zhang, Y; Zhou, K; Zhou, ZX, 2020)	0.56
" Pharmacokinetic similarity criteria (90% CIs lie within 70%-143% acceptance range) were used for AUC0-∞ and AUC0-72."	( Pharmacokinetic similarity demonstrated after crushing of the elbasvir/grazoprevir fixed-dose combination tablet for HCV infection. Abbink, EJ; Burger, DM; Colbers, A; Drenth, JPH; Pijnenburg, DWM; van Seyen, M, 2020)	0.56
"Mean plasma concentration-time curves of elbasvir and grazoprevir showed similar pharmacokinetic profiles."	( Pharmacokinetic similarity demonstrated after crushing of the elbasvir/grazoprevir fixed-dose combination tablet for HCV infection. Abbink, EJ; Burger, DM; Colbers, A; Drenth, JPH; Pijnenburg, DWM; van Seyen, M, 2020)	0.56
" In comparison with Danshen and Sanqi alone, there were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of TS IIA, SAB and Rg1, and the brain distribution of SAB and TS IIA when Danshen, Sanqi and borneol were administrated together."	( The effects of borneol on the pharmacokinetics and brain distribution of tanshinone IIA, salvianolic acid B and ginsenoside Rg Jia, LJ; Li, JP; Liu, SL; Shi, LY; Wang, H; Xie, BP; Zhang, J, 2021)	0.62
"This study aims to establish a method for the determination of the concentration of five main components of phthalide target areas of Chaxiong(CPTA) and its inclusion of β-CD in the plasma of rats, and determine the pharmacokinetic parameters, absolute bioavailability and relative bioavailability of CPTA/β-CD inclusion compound in vivo."	( [Pharmacokinetic study on five components in phthalide target areas of Chaxiong and its β-CD inclusion compounds based on UPLC-MS/MS]. Feng, JF; Li, DX; Liu, XM; Wei, XH; Wu, QY; Xia, MY; Zhang, GS; Zhong, YH, 2021)	0.62
"This study aims to characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and identify important bioavailability barriers and pharmacological pathways of the key active components (KACs) of Antitumor B (ATB), a chemopreventive agent."	( Pharmacokinetic Characterization and Bioavailability Barrier for the Key Active Components of Botanical Drug Antitumor B (ATB) in Mice for Chemoprevention of Oral Cancer. Bui, D; Duan, S; Hu, M; Singh, R; Wei, B; Wong, SJ; Yang, P; Yin, T; You, M, 2021)	0.62
" The pharmacokinetic results for napabucasin were consistent with prior publications."	( A Phase I Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Napabucasin Combined with Sorafenib in Japanese Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Eguchi, Y; Iino, S; Kageyama, R; Morimoto, M; Nakamura, S; Okusaka, T, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Furthermore, amiodarone may interact with beta-blocking agents and some of the calcium antagonists to produce symptomatic sinus bradycardia and sinus arrest, especially in a latent or overt sick sinus syndrome."	( Drug interactions with amiodarone. Marcus, FI, 1983)	0.27
" When administered in combination with cyclophosphamide, an antiproliferative agent, inicarone did not induce any synergism or antagonism, but this combination did not inhibit tumour growth or metastasis spreading."	( Ineffectiveness of inicarone, a fibrinolytic agent, alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents on spontaneously metastasizing murine tumours. Atassi, G; De Jager, R; Dumont, P, )	0.13
" Since most clinical regimens for tumor therapy consist of several drugs, we investigated the antineoplastic action of Ado in combination with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), a potent inhibitor of DNA methylation or cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis."	( Evaluation of the antineoplastic activity of adozelesin alone and in combination with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and cytosine arabinoside on DLD-1 human colon carcinoma cells. Côté, S; Momparler, RL, 1993)	0.29
"Effects of the kappa opioid agonists, spiradoline (U62,066), enadoline (CI-977) and U69,593, were examined alone and in combination with the opioid antagonists quadazocine and beta-funaltrexamine in squirrel monkeys that responded under a schedule of shock titration."	( Antinociceptive and response rate-altering effects of kappa opioid agonists, spiradoline, enadoline and U69,593, alone and in combination with opioid antagonists in squirrel monkeys. Dykstra, LA; Pitts, RC, 1994)	0.29
" As ciproxifan and thioperamide are inhibitors of cytochrome P450 enzymes, responsible for metabolizing risperidone and haloperidol, the possibility that the augmentation of antipsychotics by imidazoles resulted from drug-drug interactions was tested."	( Lack of cataleptogenic potentiation with non-imidazole H3 receptor antagonists reveals potential drug-drug interactions between imidazole-based H3 receptor antagonists and antipsychotic drugs. Ballard, ME; Cowart, M; Decker, MW; Esbenshade, TA; Faghih, R; Fox, GB; Hancock, AA; Pan, L; Roberts, S; Rueter, LE; Zhang, M, 2005)	0.33
" When given in combination with cocaine, EKC produced effects that were sub-additive, suggesting that the kappa agonists may be used safely as cocaine abuse treatments."	( Effects of kappa opioid agonists alone and in combination with cocaine on heart rate and blood pressure in conscious squirrel monkeys. Bergman, J; Gilman, JP; Goldberg, SR; Graczyk, Z; Mello, NK; Negus, SS; Schindler, CW, 2007)	0.34
" The total yield of salvianolic acid B was up to 75% at the purity over 99% while biotransformation combined with microsphere resin chromatography by water elution."	( Microsphere resin chromatography combined with microbial biotransformation for the separation and purification of salvianolic acid B in aqueous extract of roots of Salvia multiorrihza Bunge. Chen, D; Huang, W; Kan, S; Li, J; Shao, L, 2009)	0.35
"The in vitro antimicrobial activities of usnic acid were evaluated in combination with five therapeutically available antibiotics, using checkerboard microdilution assay against methicillin-resistant clinical isolates strains of Staphylococcus aureus."	( In vitro interaction of usnic acid in combination with antimicrobial agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates determined by FICI and ΔE model methods. Amicosante, G; Bellio, P; Brisdelli, F; Celenza, G; Garbarino, JA; Nicoletti, M; Perilli, M; Piovano, M; Segatore, B; Setacci, D, 2012)	0.38
"We studied the effect of ultrasonication extraction technology combined with ammonium sulfate/ethanol aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for the separation of lithospermic acid B (LAB) from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge."	( An ammonium sulfate/ethanol aqueous two-phase system combined with ultrasonication for the separation and purification of lithospermic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Guo, YX; Han, J; Wang, LH; Zhang, DY; Zhou, LL, 2012)	0.38
" TA, SA-B, and TA combined with SA-B were consecutively applied intralesionally weekly for 20 weeks."	( Efficacy of salvianolic acid B combined with triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. Jiang, XW; Lu, K; Sun, GL; Yang, SK; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2013)	0.39
" IC(50) value of ɛ-viniferin in combination with vincristine was 15."	( Towards novel anti-tumor strategies for hepatic cancer: ɛ-viniferin in combination with vincristine displays pharmacodynamic synergy at lower doses in HepG2 cells. Akalın, G; Incesu, Z; Işcan, A; Kutlu, HM; Önder, NI; Özdemir, F; Şen, M, 2014)	0.4
"We established a novel technique for quantifying [Na+]i in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes attached to a 96-well plate using a microplate reader in combination with SBFI and probenecid."	( A technique for quantifying intracellular free sodium ion using a microplate reader in combination with sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate and probenecid in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Date, T; Hongo, K; Ito, K; Katoh, D; Kawai, M; Kayama, Y; Komukai, K; Yoshimura, M; Yoshino, T, 2013)	0.39
"To observe the clinical effect of tashinone IIA combined with endocrine therapy in treating advanced-stage prostate cancer."	( Clinical research of Tashinone IIA combined with endocrine therapy in treating advanced-stage prostate cancer. Li, F; Song, L; Tang, L; Tian, F; Wang, Z; Yang, J; Yu, Z, 2014)	0.4
" The authors sought to determine the maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, safety, and toxicity of the HDAC inhibitor abexinostat (PCI-24781) when administered with doxorubicin to patients with metastatic sarcomas."	( Phase 1 study of oral abexinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in combination with doxorubicin in patients with metastatic sarcoma. Balasubramanian, S; Butrynski, JE; Choy, E; Cote, GM; Demetri, GD; Duan, Z; Flamand, Y; George, S; Harmon, DC; Hornicek, FJ; Mani, C; Morgan, JA; Sirisawad, M; Wagner, AJ, 2015)	0.42
" Tasimelteon is rapidly absorbed, with a mean absolute bioavailability of approximately 38%, and is extensively metabolized primarily by oxidation at multiple sites, mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP3A4/5, as initially demonstrated by in vitro studies and confirmed by the results of clinical drug-drug interactions presented here."	( Clinical assessment of drug-drug interactions of tasimelteon, a novel dual melatonin receptor agonist. Baroldi, P; Dressman, MA; Kramer, WG; Ogilvie, BW; Torres, R, 2015)	0.42
"Our results show that HPE combined with DE (HPE:DE) strongly scavenged DPPH radicals and protected proteins against degradation by hydroxyl radical attack."	( The anti-aging properties of a human placental hydrolysate combined with dieckol isolated from Ecklonia cava. Choi, JK; Han, D; Han, J; Han, NS; Jang, SK; Joo, SS; Kim, GH; Kim, ST; Kim, YB; Lee, DI; Lee, YB; Park, da W; Park, JY, 2015)	0.42
"TA combined with SA-B were consecutively applied intralesionally 1 time weekly for 30 times."	( [Methods and effects of injection of salvianolic acid B combined with triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis]. DU, YX; Jian, XC; Xiao, YC; Zheng, L; Zhou, C, 2017)	0.46
"The present study tested the hypotheses that bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2) combined with salvianolic acid B(Sal-B) enhance the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) towards cardiomyocytes in vitro."	( BMP-2 combined with salvianolic acid B promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Gao, CW; Liu, B; Lv, Y; Wang, HP; Wang, HY, 2017)	0.46
" The available drug-drug interaction data provided some consistency between in vitro and in vivo observations and, in some instances, can provide predictions of likely clinically relevant scenarios."	( Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions of Elbasvir/Grazoprevir. Kiang, TKL, 2018)	0.48
" In the current study, a new strategy for the structural characterization of potential new phthalide compounds was proposed by isomer structure predictions combined with a quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) analysis using phthalide compounds in Chuanxiong as an example."	( A strategy to improve the identification reliability of the chemical constituents by high-resolution mass spectrometry-based isomer structure prediction combined with a quantitative structure retention relationship analysis: Phthalide compounds in Chuanxi Gao, X; Huo, M; Qiao, Y; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y, 2018)	0.48
" In vitro and in vivo samples were analyzed by the developed ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry."	( In vitro and in vivo metabolic profiles of fasiglifam using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. He, D; Li, J; Li, JQ; She, SY; Wang, JF; Yong, RS; Zhang, SH, 2018)	0.48
" Here we investigated the protective effects of 2-BFI in combination with delayed intravenous rt-PA after stroke induced by embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) in rats."	( Protective effects of 2-(2-benzonfuranyl)-2-imidazoline combined with tissue plasminogen activator after embolic stroke in rats. Cao, Y; Chen, J; Guo, X; Han, Z; Li, L; Zhang, L; Zhang, Z, 2018)	0.48
"Elbasvir or grazoprevir co-administered with raltegravir or dolutegravir resulted in no clinically meaningful drug-drug interactions and was generally well tolerated."	( Assessment of drug interaction potential between the HCV direct-acting antiviral agents elbasvir/grazoprevir and the HIV integrase inhibitors raltegravir and dolutegravir. Butterton, JR; Caro, L; Fandozzi, C; Feng, HP; Fraser, I; Guo, Z; Huang, X; Iwamoto, M; Jumes, P; Ma, J; Mangin, E; Marshall, WL; Panebianco, D; Ross, LL; Talaty, J; Yeh, WW, 2019)	0.51
"Treatment of individuals coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires careful consideration of potential drug-drug interactions."	( Assessment of Drug Interaction Potential Between the Hepatitis C Virus Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents Elbasvir/Grazoprevir and the Nucleotide Analog Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. Butterton, JR; Caro, L; Fandozzi, C; Feng, HP; Guo, Z; Hanley, WD; Huang, X; Iwamoto, M; Jumes, P; Mangin, E; Marshall, W; Martinho, M; Panebianco, D; Talaty, JE; Valesky, R; Yeh, WW; Zhu, Y, 2019)	0.51
" The last wave of DAAs is also characterized by a lesser tendency to generate or being victim of drug-drug interactions."	( Drug-drug interactions in anti-HCV therapy: a comparison among options available in Italy. Cariti, G; Di Perri, G, 2019)	0.51
"The assessment of drug-drug interaction (DDI) is important not only for safety but also for maintaining the efficacy of direct acting antivirals in chronic hepatitis C (CHC)."	( Limited drug-drug interaction of elbasvir/grazoprevir for chronic hepatitis C. Cheng, PN; Liu, CJ; Lo, CC; Tseng, IH; Tseng, KC, 2020)	0.56
" Here we analyzed the clinical outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with human urinary kallidinogenase (HUK) or edaravone (Eda) combined with butylphthalide (NBP)."	( Human urinary kallidinogenase or edaravone combined with butylphthalide in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Jiang, M; Lu, S; Lyu, Y; Nie, T; Qian, Y; Tang, B, 2019)	0.51
"Human urinary kallidinogenase combined with NBP can enhance AIS patients' long-term independency rate, and the effectiveness of HUK combined therapy is better than Eda."	( Human urinary kallidinogenase or edaravone combined with butylphthalide in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Jiang, M; Lu, S; Lyu, Y; Nie, T; Qian, Y; Tang, B, 2019)	0.51
"To determinate the clinical effect of butyphthalide combined with idebenone in the treatment of vascular dementia (VD) and the influence on inflammatory cytokines and vascular endothelial functions."	( Effects of Butyphthalide Combined with Idebenone on Inflammatory Cytokines and Vascular Endothelial Functions of Patients with Vascular Dementia. Gao, TC; Hu, Y; Kang, LJ; Li, P; Qi, FX; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.56
" Idebenone was given to the control group, and butyphthalide combined with idebenone was given to the observation group for 12 weeks."	( Effects of Butyphthalide Combined with Idebenone on Inflammatory Cytokines and Vascular Endothelial Functions of Patients with Vascular Dementia. Gao, TC; Hu, Y; Kang, LJ; Li, P; Qi, FX; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.56
"Butyphthalide combined with idebenone can effectively reduce serum inflammatory factor level of VD patients, regulate vascular endothelial functions, relieve dementia degree, and improve cognitive function and daily activity ability."	( Effects of Butyphthalide Combined with Idebenone on Inflammatory Cytokines and Vascular Endothelial Functions of Patients with Vascular Dementia. Gao, TC; Hu, Y; Kang, LJ; Li, P; Qi, FX; Zhang, X, 2020)	0.56
" This study was performed to assess the efficacy of N-butylphthalide (NBP) and dexamethasone (DXM) combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in patients with DEACMP."	( The Efficacy of N-Butylphthalide and Dexamethasone Combined with Hyperbaric Oxygen on Delayed Encephalopathy After Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Chen, Y; Guo, Y; Li, G; Li, W; Zhang, J, 2020)	0.56
"These results indicated that NBP and DXM combined with HBO for the treatment of DEACMP can significantly improve the cognitive and motor functions of patients and is very safe."	( The Efficacy of N-Butylphthalide and Dexamethasone Combined with Hyperbaric Oxygen on Delayed Encephalopathy After Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Chen, Y; Guo, Y; Li, G; Li, W; Zhang, J, 2020)	0.56
" For metabolite profiling and identification, senkyunolide A (10 μM) was incubated with hepatocytes and the incubation samples were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with diode-array detector and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/DAD-HRMS)."	( Metabolic profiling of senkyunolide A and identification of its metabolites in hepatocytes by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with diode-array detector and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Liu, C; Sui, Y; Wang, M; Zhang, H, 2020)	0.56
"This experiment was aimed to investigate the effect of Dengzhan Shengmai capsule combined with butylphthalide soft capsule on oxidative stress indexes and serum homocysteine (Hcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients with vascular dementia (VD)."	( Effects of Dengzhan Shengmai Capsule combined with butylphthalide soft capsule on oxidative stress indexes and serum Hcy and CRP levels in patients with vascular dementia. Ma, Y; Sun, W, 2020)	0.56
" Overall, these findings suggest that SLI combined with XST (1X1S) has protective effects on co-culture of endothelial cells and pericytes after OGD/R."	( Effects of salvianolate lyophilized injection combined with Xueshuantong injection in regulation of BBB function in a co-culture model of endothelial cells and pericytes. Chai, LJ; Guo, H; Hu, LM; Jia, ZZ; Li, RL; Wang, JX; Wang, SX; Yuan, Q, 2021)	0.62
" Silk fibroin (SF) substrates were combined with functionalized GO through the freeze-drying method."	( Delivery of Salvianolic Acid B for Efficient Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis from Silk Fibroin Combined with Graphene Oxide. Jia, W; Li, X; Liu, C; Liu, Y; Qi, X; Wang, W; Yang, C, 2020)	0.56
" In this study, we evaluated the drug-drug interaction potential of the hepatitis C virus inhibitors elbasvir (EBR) and grazoprevir (GZR) with statins."	( Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions of the Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents Elbasvir and Grazoprevir with Pitavastatin, Rosuvastatin, Pravastatin, and Atorvastatin in Healthy Adults. Butterton, JR; Caro, L; Fandozzi, CM; Feng, HP; Fraser, IP; Guo, Z; Iwamoto, M; Levine, V; Panebianco, D; Prueksaritanont, T; Swearingen, D; Wolford, D; Yeh, WW, 2021)	0.62
"Napabucasin 240 mg BID in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab was tolerated, with a manageable safety profile in Japanese patients with metastatic CRC."	( Phase I study of napabucasin in combination with FOLFIRI + bevacizumab in Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Bando, H; Iino, S; Kadowaki, S; Kageyama, R; Kawazoe, A; Masuishi, T; Muro, K; Taniguchi, H; Yoshino, T, 2021)	0.62
"For investigating an influence on butylphthalide sodium chloride injection combined with edaravone dexborneol on neurological function and serum inflammatory factor levels in sufferers having acute ischemic stroke, 120 sufferers having acute ischemic stroke from September 2020 to September 2021 are chosen for the study subjects."	( Effects of Butylphthalide Sodium Chloride Injection Combined with Edaravone Dexborneol on Neurological Function and Serum Inflammatory Factor Levels in Sufferers Having Acute Ischemic Stroke. Li, K; Lu, X; Yao, S; Zhang, Q, 2022)	0.72
"To investigate the clinical effect of butylphthalide combined with urinary kallidinogenase in the treatment of chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency (CCCI)."	( Clinical efficacy analysis of butylphthalide combined with urinary kallidinogenase in treating chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency. Hu, B; Hu, F; Qiao, Y, 2023)	0.91
" According to the different therapeutic strategy, the patients were divided into combined group (treated with butylphthalide combined with urinary kallidinogenase, n = 51) and butylphthalide group (treated with butylphthalide, n = 51)."	( Clinical efficacy analysis of butylphthalide combined with urinary kallidinogenase in treating chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency. Hu, B; Hu, F; Qiao, Y, 2023)	0.91
"Butylphthalide combined with urinary kallidinogenase can improve the clinical symptoms of CCCI patients, and the effect is promising, which is worthy of clinical application."	( Clinical efficacy analysis of butylphthalide combined with urinary kallidinogenase in treating chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency. Hu, B; Hu, F; Qiao, Y, 2023)	0.91
"To investigate the efficacy of butylphthalide combined with edaravone in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and the effect on serum inflammatory factors."	( Efficacy of Butylphthalide in Combination with Edaravone in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke and the Effect on Serum Inflammatory Factors. Hong, Z; Li, S; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Wang, J; Xie, S, 2023)	0.91
" The control group was treated with edaravone injection, while the experimental group was treated with butylphthalide combined with edaravone."	( Efficacy of Butylphthalide in Combination with Edaravone in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke and the Effect on Serum Inflammatory Factors. Hong, Z; Li, S; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Wang, J; Xie, S, 2023)	0.91
"The treatment of acute ischemic stroke with butylphthalide combined with edaravone has positive significance in improving blood circulation regulation and serum inflammatory factor levels and is reliable and worthy of clinical promotion."	( Efficacy of Butylphthalide in Combination with Edaravone in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke and the Effect on Serum Inflammatory Factors. Hong, Z; Li, S; Li, Y; Liu, Y; Wang, J; Xie, S, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Mean absolute bioavailability of usnic acid following oral administration was 77."	( Pharmacokinetics of D(+)-usnic acid in rabbits after intravenous and oral administration. Krishna, DR; Venkataramana, D, )	0.13
" TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and 2,3,4,7,8-penta-chlorodibenzofuran (4PeCDF) were previously found to be poorly absorbed in 3 months male Fischer 344 rats within 3 days after dermal administration."	( Age-related changes in dermal absorption of 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran. Banks, YB; Birnbaum, LS; Brewster, DW, 1990)	0.28
" From these results, Y-20024, pharmacologically similar to SPR, but superior in bioavailability and penetration through the blood brain barrier, may have potential usefulness as an antipsychotic drug."	( [Neuroleptic properties of Y-20024, a new benzofurancarboxamide derivative]. Fukuda, T; Morimoto, T; Morimoto, Y; Murakami, S; Setoguchi, M; Shoji, H; Tahara, T, 1989)	0.28
" Seven days after application the rate of absorption was 90% of the administered dose or even higher for almost all of the PCDDs/PCDFs in the mixture."	( Absorption and tissue distribution of various polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs) in the rat. Abraham, K; Brunner, H; Hagenmaier, H; Krowke, R; Neubert, D; Wiesmüller, T, 1989)	0.5
" It has a large volume of distribution, moderate bioavailability and a long half-life."	( Amiodarone: pharmacology and antiarrhythmic and adverse effects. Dougherty, AH; Giebel, RA; Naccarelli, GV; Rinkenberger, RL, )	0.13
" Analysis of liver samples demonstrated low bioavailability of TCDD from this soil."	( Bioavailability of dioxin in soil from a 2,4,5-T manufacturing site. Gallo, MA; Hesse, EJ; Umbreit, TH, 1986)	0.27
"The relative and absolute bioavailability of different oral forms of amiodarone was examined in 12 subjects."	( Absolute bioavailability of amiodarone in normal subjects. Berger, Y; Desager, JP; Harvengt, C; Pacco, M; Pourbaix, S, 1985)	0.27
" Preliminary pharmacokinetic and bioavailability evaluations in the dog indicate that 1 was rapidly distributed and had a terminal half-life of 132 min after an intravenous dose."	( Liquid chromatographic-ultraviolet methods for furegrelate in serum and urine: preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation in the dog. Friis, JM; Lakings, DB, 1985)	0.27
" Oral absorption was slow an erratic, with fourfold individual variations in systemic bioavailability (22-86%)."	( Pharmacokinetics of amiodarone in man. Gerna, M; Giani, P; Latini, R; Maggioni, A; Riva, E; Volpi, A, )	0.13
" The drug is incompletely and variably absorbed following oral administration; bioavailability ranges from 22 to 86%."	( Amiodarone: a unique antiarrhythmic agent. Sloskey, GE, )	0.13
" Amiodarone has a reduced clearance rate, large volume of distribution, low bioavailability and a long half-life that may last 2 months in patients receiving short-term therapy."	( Amiodarone: electrophysiologic actions, pharmacokinetics and clinical effects. Heger, JJ; Prystowsky, EN; Zipes, DP, 1984)	0.27
" Available evidence suggests that absorption of amiodarone following oral administration is erratic and unpredictable; oral bioavailability ranges from 22 to 86%."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of amiodarone. Kates, RE; Latini, R; Tognoni, G, )	0.13
" Lorcainide is also a class Ic antiarrhythmic drug, the bioavailability of which is nonlinear."	( Clinical pharmacokinetics of the newer antiarrhythmic agents. Gillis, AM; Kates, RE, )	0.13
" These results show that amiodarone increases digoxin bioavailability by a mechanism which appears to be independent of changes in drug elimination."	( Influence of amiodarone on oral digoxin bioavailability in healthy volunteers. Gaion, RM; Maragno, I; Paleari, C; Santostasi, G, 1984)	0.27
" The bioavailability of oral amiodarone was only 31 +/- 26%, in part due to first-pass metabolism."	( Pharmacokinetics and body distribution of amiodarone in man. Maes, RA; Plomp, TA; Robles de Medina, EO; van Lier, T; van Rossum, JM, 1984)	0.27
" The absence of toxic phenomena can be explained by the poor bioavailability of amiodarone, which is known to require long periods for a complete distribution to the tissues and target organs."	( [Pharmacokinetics of amiodarone in one case of acute oral intoxication]. Cozzi, A; Forgione, N; Fortunati, MT; Marini, G; Morandi, F; Santarone, M; Saveri, C, 1983)	0.27
" The bioavailability of oral allopurinol computed from plasma data was 90."	( Kinetics of allopurinol after single intravenous and oral doses. Noninteraction with benzbromarone and hydrochlorothiazide. Breithaupt, B; Tittel, M, 1982)	0.26
"Oral doses of the peripheral vasodilator mecinarone (6809 MD), administered as the 14C-compound, were well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of rats, dogs and humans."	( The absorption and excretion of the peripheral vasodilator 14C-mecinarone, (14C-6809 MD) in rat, dog and man. Chasseaud, LF; Darragh, A; Hawkins, DR; O'Kelly, A; Weston, KT, 1980)	0.26
" Using GR117289, a compound with moderate bioavailability (20%) in man as a lead, we pursued a strategy aimed at enhancing bioavailability."	( Bromobenzofuran-based non-peptide antagonists of angiotensin II: GR138950, a potent antihypertensive agent with high oral bioavailability. Dowle, MD; Hobson, JE; Jack, TI; Judd, DB; Middlemiss, D; Panchal, TA; Pass, M; Ross, BC; Scopes, DI; Tranquillini, E, 1994)	0.29
" Compound 15, the open form of lactone 4b, is well absorbed in the rat and is transformed into the active species 4b."	( Naphthalenic lignan lactones as selective, nonredox 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Synthesis and biological activity of (methoxyalkyl)thiazole and methoxytetrahydropyran hybrids. Brideau, C; Chan, CC; Dubé, D; Ducharme, Y; Falgueyret, JP; Gillard, JW; Guay, J; Hutchinson, JH; McFarlane, CS; Riendeau, D, 1994)	0.29
" The results show that the bioavailability of PCDD/F in the slag material is very low."	( [Digoxin content in blood lipids of children, athletes, sports ground attendants and residents after content with dioxin-containing surface slag (Kieselrot)]. Eck, R; Ewers, U; Exner, M; Hofbauer, M; Holwitt, L; Schmeer, D; Schrey, P; Selenka, F; Wittsiepe, J, 1994)	0.29
" Another possibility could be the adaption of the decontamination concepts and methods to the proven low bioavailability of PCDD/PCDF from "Kieselrot"."	( [Handling of red silica gravel on sports, play and resort surfaces with special reference to new toxicologic results]. Heudorf, U, 1993)	0.29
"Chickens were used as a model for foraging animals to examine the bioavailability of all 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) from soil."	( Biotransfer and bioaccumulation of dioxins and furans from soil: chickens as a model for foraging animals. Hayward, DG; Petreas, MX; Stephens, RD, 1995)	0.49
" Two separate, simple, and sensitive HPLC methods for the quantitation of these two compounds in plasma and the evaluation of their oral bioavailability in rats were developed and validated."	( Development of HPLC plasma assays for CAM 4515 and CAM 4750, two new nonpeptide tachykinin antagonists, and application to bioavailability studies. Kuo, BS; Van Noord, T; Wright, DS, 1996)	0.29
" In rats, L-683,845 was well-absorbed after oral dosing, with a maximum concentration of 6 microg/ml at 2 hr and bioavailability of approximately 100%."	( Orally active inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. I. Disposition of L-683,845 in rats and rhesus monkeys. Chiu, SH; Cioffe, C; Colletti, AE; Dean, D; Krieter, PA; Luffer-Atlas, D; Lyszack, E; Miller, RR; Painter, SK; Rosegay, A; Vincent, SH, 1996)	0.29
" Following oral administration of the radiolabelled drug to animals and man, unchanged darifenacin was only a minor component of the faecal radioactivity indicating that darifenacin was well absorbed from the gut."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of darifenacin in the mouse, rat, dog and man. Beaumont, KC; Cussans, NJ; Nichols, DJ; Smith, DA, 1998)	0.3
" Raxofelast is a potent antioxidant agent under investigation, structurally related to VE, having an excellent bioavailability and favourable physicochemical properties."	( Beneficial effect of raxofelast, an hydrophilic vitamin E analogue, in the rat heart after ischemia and reperfusion injury. Altavilla, D; Avenoso, A; Campo, GM; Campo, S; Caputi, AP; Ceccarelli, S; Ferlito, M; Quartarone, C; Saitta, A; Squadrito, F; Squadrito, G, 1998)	0.3
" clearance and half-life, and the resultant bioavailability have been performed using two parallel groups of rodents, collecting blood by exsanguination, separating off the plasma and analysing this using conventional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry."	( The use of capillary high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray mass spectrometry for the analysis of small volume blood samples from serially bled mice to determine the pharmacokinetics of early discovery compounds. Dear, GJ; Fraser, D; Fraser, IJ; L'Affineur, M; Plumb, R; Skippen, AJ, 1999)	0.3
" Improvements in drug delivery systems have altered drug bioavailability and pharmacokinetics."	( Advancements in pharmacologic management of the overactive bladder. Appell, RA; Dmochowski, RR, 2000)	0.31
" In case red slag contaminated with PCDD/F their absorption rate in the digestive tract and/or metabolism might be at least just like important."	( Comparison of different digestive tract models for estimating bioaccessibility of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) from red slag 'Kieselrot'. Hack, A; Schrey, P; Selenka, F; Wilhelm, M; Wittsiepe, J, 2001)	0.52
"The effect of the nonionic surfactant Brij 35 on the bioavailability of solid and Teflon-sorbed dibenzofuran for Sphingomonas sp."	( Influence of the nonionic surfactant Brij 35 on the bioavailability of solid and sorbed dibenzofuran. Garcia, JM; Harms, H; Wick, LY, 2001)	0.31
" Adding a fluorine further increases the binding activity and provides a metabolically stable and orally bioavailable ET(A)-selective antagonist."	( Pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acids as endothelin antagonists. 5. Highly selective, potent, and orally active ET(A) antagonists. Chiou, WJ; Jae, HS; Marsh, KC; Nguyen, B; Opgenorth, TJ; Sorensen, BK; von Geldern, TW; Winn, M, 2001)	0.31
" This review focuses on particular problems encountered in biodegradation and bioavailability of PCDD/Fs and PCBs."	( Phytoremediation to increase the degradation of PCBs and PCDD/Fs. Potential and limitations. Bock, C; Campanella, BF; Schröder, P, 2002)	0.31
" Oral bioavailability of SB-247083 administered as a solid formulation of the free acid was 24% in the rat, but low in the dog (4%) and the monkey (2%)."	( Pharmacokinetics of SB-247083, a potent and selective endothelin(A) receptor antagonist, in the rat, dog, and monkey. Azzarano, LM; Gould, MJ; Lundberg, D; Morgan, JA; Perng, CY; Smith, BR; Souder, PR; Ward, KW, 2002)	0.31
" The reasonable correlation found between the FTC dissolution results and the oral bioavailability data demonstrate that FTC dissolution testing can be a valuable tool for aiding in salt (solid-state form) and formulation selection in the early stages of development of drug candidates."	( Assessment of oral bioavailability enhancing approaches for SB-247083 using flow-through cell dissolution testing as one of the screens. Azzarano, LM; Kearney, AS; Palepu, NR; Perng, CY; Smith, BR, 2003)	0.32
"N-[2-[2-(4-Phenylbutyl)benzofuran-4-yl]cyclopropylmethyl]acetamide 3a was synthesized as an orally bioavailable agonist at MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors with significantly low vasoconstrictive activity."	( N-[2-[2-(4-Phenylbutyl)benzofuran-4-yl]cyclopropylmethyl]acetamide: an orally bioavailable melatonin receptor agonist. Chen, J; Iben, L; Knipe, JO; Mahle, CD; Pajor, L; Ryan, E; Sun, LQ; Takaki, K; Xu, C, 2004)	0.32
" ABT-239 demonstrates good pharmacokinetic characteristics in rat, dog, and monkey with t1/2 values ranging from 4 to 29 h, corresponding with clearance values and metabolic turnover in liver microsomes from these species, and good oral bioavailability ranging from 52 to 89%."	( Pharmacological properties of ABT-239 [4-(2-{2-[(2R)-2-Methylpyrrolidinyl]ethyl}-benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile]: I. Potent and selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist with drug-like properties. Bennani, YL; Cowart, MD; Denny, LI; Esbenshade, TA; Fox, GB; Hancock, AA; Kang, CH; Krueger, KM; Marsh, K; Miller, TR; Pan, L; Sullivan, JP; Wetter, J; Witte, DG; Yao, BB, 2005)	0.33
" It would be important in the future to investigate the origins of the differences in wine stilbene levels in relation to the vine varieties, and the bioavailability of the newly extracted stilbene delta-viniferin in plasma after consumption of different types of wines."	( Determination of stilbenes (delta-viniferin, trans-astringin, trans-piceid, cis- and trans-resveratrol, epsilon-viniferin) in Brazilian wines. Bornet, A; Delaunay, JC; Mérillon, JM; Richard, T; Teissédre, PL; Valls, J; Vanderlinde, R; Vitrac, X, 2005)	0.33
" A compound from this series demonstrated rat oral bioavailability and efficacy in a bovine articular cartilage explant model."	( Identification of potent and selective MMP-13 inhibitors. Collins, E; Du, X; Geck, M; Hotchandani, R; Levin, JI; Lovering, FE; Rush, TS; Skotnicki, J; Wu, J; Xu, ZB, 2005)	0.33
"We examined the design of the versatile novel self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) type O/W microemulsion formulation which enhances the oral bioavailability by raising the solubility of poorly water soluble compounds."	( The novel formulation design of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) type O/W microemulsion I: enhancing effects on oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble compounds in rats and beagle dogs. Araya, H; Hayashi, M; Nagao, S; Tomita, M, 2005)	0.33
" Compound 16 showed 100% oral bioavailability in rats and demonstrated >50% inhibition of bovine cartilage degradation at 10 ng/mL."	( Potent, selective, and orally bioavailable matrix metalloproteinase-13 inhibitors for the treatment of osteoarthritis. DiGrandi, MJ; Du, X; Hu, Y; Ipek, M; Laakso, LM; Levin, JI; Li, J; Li, W; Rush, TS; Schmid, J; Skotnicki, JS; Tam, S; Thomason, JR; Wang, Q; Xiang, JS, 2005)	0.33
" Although LSB was not detected (limit of quantitation 10 ng/ml) in plasma after oral dose of 10 mg/kg, the absolute oral bioavailability at 50 mg/kg was 5%."	( Pharmacokinetics of lithospermic acid B isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza in rats. Ji, HY; Kim, HH; Kim, J; Kim, YC; Lee, BM; Lee, HS; Sohn, DH, 2005)	0.33
" Because of the different toxicity and bioavailability of PCDD/Fs in different sediment particle sizes, it is important to study particle actions to understand their effects on the aquatic ecosystem."	( Characterization of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in different particle size fractions of marine sediments. Chang, YS; Kim, JH; Lee, SJ; Moon, MH, 2006)	0.58
" The aim of this study was to apply an automated blood sampling system coupled to a simple liquid chromatographic system to determine the bioavailability of salvianolic acid B in stress-free rats."	( Bioavailability of salvianolic acid B in conscious and freely moving rats. Chen, YF; Hsieh, YJ; Jaw, I; Shiao, MS; Tsai, TH; Wu, YT, 2006)	0.33
" In a balance study with young Goettingen minipigs the oral bioavailability of PCDD/F from contaminated soil was estimated by determination of the retention of PCDD/F from soil in different organs and tissues."	( Bioavailability of PCDD/F from contaminated soil in young Goettingen minipigs. Erlenkämper, B; Hack, A; Welge, P; Wilhelm, M; Wittsiepe, J, 2007)	0.34
"01 hours), and the bioavailability was 75%."	( Low oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide a, a major bioactive component in Rhizoma Chuanxiong, in the rat. Ko, NL; Lin, G; Tam, YK; Yan, R, 2007)	0.34
" The approach includes a simple one-compartment (adipose volume) toxicokinetic model that incorporates empirical data on age-dependent half-lives and bioavailability of PCDD/F congeners, child body size and intake rates, and recent data on breast milk and food dioxin levels."	( An adaptable internal dose model for risk assessment of dietary and soil dioxin exposures in young children. Kerger, BD; Leung, HW; Paustenbach, DJ; Scott, PK, 2007)	0.34
" Actual risk must be evaluated using a weight-of-evidence approach, because natural background levels and site-specific bioavailability will differ both regionally and internationally."	( The sediments of the Venice Lagoon (Italy) evaluated in a screening risk assessment approach: part II--lagoon sediment quality compared to hot spots, regional, and international case studies. Apitz, SE; Barbanti, A; Bernstein, AG; Bocci, M; Carlin, A; Montobbio, L, 2007)	0.34
" The aim of the paper is to increase oral bioavailability of fraxinellone, thus improving its hepatoprotection effect in vivo."	( [Improving the solubility of fraxinellone to increase its oral bioavailability and hepatoprotective action against acute liver injury in mice]. Ran, QQ; Ruan, LP; Yu, BY; Zhu, DN, 2007)	0.34
"An in vivo pilot study of the oral bioavailability of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in two soils with distinct congener profiles (one dominated by PCDDs, the other by PCDFs) was conducted in rats and juvenile swine."	( A pilot study of oral bioavailability of dioxins and furans from contaminated soils: Impact of differential hepatic enzyme activity and species differences. Aylward, LL; Budinsky, RA; Casteel, S; Cushing, CA; Fent, G; Giesy, JP; Newsted, J; Rowlands, JC; Ruby, MV, 2008)	0.55
" Compound 49 also displayed excellent selectivity over a wide panel of MMPs as well as excellent oral bioavailability (F%>90%) in rat n-in-1 PK studies."	( Potent, selective, orally bioavailable inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE): discovery of indole, benzofuran, imidazopyridine and pyrazolopyridine P1' substituents. Anand, R; Christ, DD; Covington, MB; Duan, JJ; Liu, RQ; Lu, Z; Newton, RC; Ott, GR; Qian, M; Trzaskos, J; Vaddi, K, 2008)	0.35
"The aim of this research was to formulate Marsupsin-phospholipid complex (M-P Complex) in attempt to increase the bioavailability of marsupsin and to characterize this new formulation along with its evaluation."	( Preparation, characterization and evaluation of Marsupsin-phospholipid complex. Jain, AK; Parial, SD; Sharma, S; Sikarwar, MS, 2008)	0.35
" The pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioavailability were compared after oral administration of salvianolic acid B (500 mg/kg) and the complex nanoparticles (450 mg/kg equivalent to salvianolic acid B)."	( Enhanced oral bioavailability of salvianolic acid B by phospholipid complex loaded nanoparticles. Gong, T; Liu, J; Peng, Q; Zhang, Z; Zhao, D; Zuo, J, 2008)	0.35
"P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1) both accounts for multidrug resistance (MDR) in chemotherapy and contributes to reduce oral bioavailability and brain distribution of drugs."	( A 3D linear solvation energy model to quantify the affinity of flavonoid derivatives toward P-glycoprotein. Bajot, F; Boccard, J; Boumendjel, A; Carrupt, PA; Di Pietro, A; Nicolle, E; Rudaz, S, 2009)	0.35
" The aim of this study was to investigate the extent of absolute oral bioavailability (F) of SalB in beagle dogs and the effect on blood viscosity after intravenous and oral administration of Salvianolic acids (SAs)."	( Bioavailability of salvianolic acid B and effect on blood viscosities after oral administration of salvianolic acids in beagle dogs. Fang, XL; Gao, DY; Han, LM; Wang, JX; Zhang, LH, 2009)	0.35
"5nM, EC(2xPT)=32muM) as a selective, orally bioavailable FXa inhibitor with an excellent in vitro liability profile, favorable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in animal models."	( Cyanoguanidine-based lactam derivatives as a novel class of orally bioavailable factor Xa inhibitors. Atwal, KS; Bisaha, SN; Chong, S; Hartl, KS; Kish, K; Klei, HE; Li, C; Liu, EC; O'Connor, SP; Pudzianowski, AT; Schumacher, WA; Seiler, SM; Shi, M; Shi, Y; Sitkoff, D; Stein, PD; Steinbacher, TE; Yanchunas, J; Zhang, J, 2009)	0.35
" Such models are important to understand bioavailability and mobility limitations of these chemicals in the aquatic environment."	( Triple domain in situ sorption modeling of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorobiphenyls, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in aquatic sediments. Kaag, K; Koelmans, AA; Peeters, ET; Sneekes, A, 2009)	0.55
" From these studies, we discovered a potent new A(2A) antagonist, 12a, which has both a good oral bioavailability and in vivo efficacy on motor disability in MPTP-treated common marmosets."	( Synthetic studies on selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonists. Part II: synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel benzofuran derivatives. Ikeda, K; Kurokawa, M; Saki, M; Saku, O; Takizawa, T; Uchida, S; Uesaka, N, 2010)	0.36
" We now report the identification of a potent, selective and orally bioavailable Mnk inhibitor that effectively blocks 4E phosphorylation both in vitro and in vivo."	( Therapeutic inhibition of MAP kinase interacting kinase blocks eukaryotic initiation factor 4E phosphorylation and suppresses outgrowth of experimental lung metastases. Dowless, MS; Dumstorf, CA; Ellis, KE; Furic, L; Graff, JR; Iversen, PW; Konicek, BW; McCann, DJ; McNulty, AM; Parsons, S; Peery, RB; Pelletier, J; Robichaud, N; Sonenberg, N; Stancato, LF; Stephens, JR; Yingling, JM, 2011)	0.37
" Even though the presence of BC in the sediments reduced the overall bioavailability of PCDD/Fs by >90%, the sediments at 2 m depth continue to display the highest pore water activities of PCDD/Fs."	( Role of black carbon in the sorption of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans at the Diamond Alkali superfund site, Newark Bay, New Jersey. Friedman, C; Lambert, MK; Lohmann, R; Luey, P, 2011)	0.6
" Due to the poor chemical stability and bioavailability of SalB, liposomes were developed as drug carriers for parental administration."	( Salvianolic acid B and its liposomal formulations: anti-hyperalgesic activity in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Bergonzi, MC; Bilia, AR; Fabbri, V; Galeotti, N; Ghelardini, C; Isacchi, B; Karioti, A; Vannucchi, MG, 2011)	0.37
" In this study, we present the first clinical data for TAK-875, a novel highly selective, orally bioavailable GPR40 agonist, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled by diet or exercise therapy."	( GPR40-induced insulin secretion by the novel agonist TAK-875: first clinical findings in patients with type 2 diabetes. Araki, T; Hirayama, M; Hiroi, S; Kaku, K, 2012)	0.38
" Recent results with the bicyclic salicylic acid pharmacophores indicate that the new chemistry platform may provide a potential solution to overcome the bioavailability issue that has plagued the PTP drug discovery field for many years."	( Bicyclic benzofuran and indole-based salicylic acids as protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors. He, R; He, Y; Liu, S; Yu, ZH; Zeng, LF; Zhang, ZY, 2012)	0.38
" Its oral absolute bioavailability at the two dosages was 67."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of senkyunolide I in a rat model of migraine versus normal controls. Feng, Y; Hong, YL; Liang, S; Lin, X; Shen, L; Wang, YH; Xu, DS, 2012)	0.38
" These results show that, as previously demonstrated for PAHs and PCBs, selective SFE can be a useful tool to investigate differences in PCDD/F binding behaviors in impacted soils and sediments and their component parts, as well as a rapid tool for estimating the effectiveness of activated carbon treatments on decreasing the bioavailability of PCDD/Fs in soils and sediments."	( Investigating differential binding of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in soil and soil components using selective supercritical fluid extraction. Chai, Y; Davis, JW; Ghosh, U; Grabanski, CB; Hawthorne, SB; Martin, GD; Miller, DJ; Wilken, M, 2012)	0.61
" Good oral bioavailability was achieved as well as robust brain Aβ42 lowering activity at 100 mg/kg po dose."	( Design and synthesis of dihydrobenzofuran amides as orally bioavailable, centrally active γ-secretase modulators. am Ende, CW; Bales, KR; Fish, BA; Green, ME; Johnson, DS; Kauffman, GW; Lira, R; Mullins, PB; Navaratnam, T; O'Donnell, CJ; Pettersson, M; Pustilnik, LR; Sakya, SM; Stiff, CM; Subramanyam, C; Tran, TP; Vetelino, BC; Wood, KM; Xie, L; Zhang, L, 2012)	0.38
" The results indicated that borneol is able to enhance the intestinal absorption and relative bioavailability of SalB, with a positive dose-dependent relationship."	( Enhancing effects of different dosages of borneol on pharmacokinetics of salvanic acid B after oral administration to rats. Chang-Xiao, L; Mao-Jin, Z; Ren-Zhong, W; Yan-Ping, L; Yan-Yan, X, 2012)	0.38
"After oral and intravenous administration, SEI was quickly eliminated from plasma and its oral bioavailability (BA) was about 37."	( Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and metabolism of senkyunolide I, a major bioactive component in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Umbelliferae). Feng, Y; He, CY; Liang, S; Lin, X; Ruan, KF; Wang, S; Xu, DS, 2012)	0.38
" The potassium salt of compound 15 showed a high solubility and a good oral bioavailability (58%)."	( Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel (-)-Cercosporamide derivatives as potent selective PPARγ modulators. Araki, K; Arita, T; Fukuzaki, T; Furukawa, A; Hayashi, S; Honda, T; Kuroha, M; Matsui, Y; Mori, M; Nakamura, K; Ohsumi, J; Satoh, S; Suzuki, O; Tanaka, J; Wakabayashi, K; Wakimoto, S, 2012)	0.38
" Vilazodone hydrochloride therapy should be initiated at a dosage of 10 mg once daily and incrementally adjusted over 14 days to the recommended target daily dose of 40 mg; for optimal bioavailability and effectiveness, it should be taken after a light or high-fat meal."	( Vilazodone: a novel antidepressant. Choi, E; Ehret, MJ; Zmarlicka, M, 2012)	0.38
" Such regular practice in the Grenland fjord system in the south of Norway has the potential to affect the fate, movement, and bioavailability of sediment-associated polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)."	( PCDD/F release during benthic trawler-induced sediment resuspension. Allan, IJ; Bradshaw, C; Naes, K; Nilsson, HC; Tjensvoll, I, 2012)	0.57
" In conclusion, extrusion/spheronization could be a suitable technique to prepare PC loaded pellets, which could effectively preserve the properties of PC to improve the permeability and bioavailability of highly water-soluble drug."	( Bioavailability and foam cells permeability enhancement of Salvianolic acid B pellets based on drug-phospholipids complex technique. Cui, Y; Fan, YQ; Kan, SL; Li, J; Liu, JP; Liu, P; Yang, JK; Zhang, WJ; Zhang, WL, 2013)	0.39
" Overall, our study demonstrated that NBP was well absorbed and extensively metabolized by multiple enzymes to various metabolites prior to urinary excretion."	( Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) in humans: the role of cytochrome P450s and alcohol dehydrogenase in biotransformation. Chen, X; Deng, P; Diao, X; Li, X; Xie, C; Zhang, Y; Zhong, D, 2013)	0.39
" A series of novel orally bioavailable GPR40 agonists was discovered."	( Discovery of novel orally bioavailable GPR40 agonists. Dong, Q; Fei, H; Feng, J; Hu, Q; Lu, H; Sun, P; Yang, F; Yuan, J; Zhang, L; Zheng, S, 2013)	0.39
" The starting point for the current study was inhibitor 2, which had high biochemical and antiviral potency but only moderate permeability in a Caco-2 assay and high B-to-A efflux, resulting in moderate rat bioavailability and low Cmax."	( Identification of potent and orally bioavailable nucleotide competing reverse transcriptase inhibitors: in vitro and in vivo optimization of a series of benzofurano[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-one derived inhibitors. Bethell, R; Bousquet, Y; Cordingley, MG; DeRoy, P; Duan, J; Duplessis, M; Edwards, PJ; Garneau, M; Halmos, T; James, CA; Lamorte, L; Minville, J; Morency, L; Morin, S; Pelletier, A; Rajotte, D; Ribadeneira, M; Simoneau, B; Sturino, CF; Thavonekham, B; Tremblay, M; Tremblay, S, 2013)	0.39
"The Caco-2 assay indicated that AFN-1252 in solution is well-absorbed and undergoes insignificant efflux, and its transport across the intestinal wall is probably passive."	( AFN-1252 in vitro absorption studies and pharmacokinetics following microdosing in healthy subjects. Garner, C; Hafkin, B; Kaplan, N, 2013)	0.39
"Tasimelteon (HETLIOZ™) is an orally bioavailable agonist of the melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors that has been approved in the US for the treatment of non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder."	( Tasimelteon: first global approval. Clarke, M; Dhillon, S, 2014)	0.4
" The oral absolute bioavailability of TVN was 14."	( Development and validation of a sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method for the determination of trans δ-veniferin, a resveratrol dehydrodimer, in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetics and bioavailability studies. Kong, L; Liao, X; Liu, Q; Luo, J; Xu, J; Zhao, J, 2014)	0.4
" It shows moderate oral bioavailability of 42-53 % and Tmax < 4 h in mouse, rat, dog and monkey, with exposure-dose linearity proved in rats and dogs."	( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and disposition of a novel selective VEGFR inhibitor fruquintinib (HMPL-013) and the prediction of its human pharmacokinetics. Gu, Y; Guo, L; Li, K; Ren, H; Sai, Y; Su, W; Wang, J; Zhang, L; Zhang, W, 2014)	0.4
" This HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to a bioavailability comparison of two crystal forms of vilazodone hydrochloride (IV and XVII) in six healthy beagles using a single-dose, two-way crossover design."	( Bioavailability comparison of a new form of vilazodone XVII to IV in beagles using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Ouyang, PK; Sun, LL; Wei, P; Zeng, LL; Zhou, F; Zou, Q, 2014)	0.4
" The compound of typhaneoside has a low bioavailability according to the results."	( Simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, ferulic acid, tetrahydropalmatine, protopine, typhaneoside, senkyunolide I in Beagle dogs plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after Oral Administration of Shaofu Zhuyu Cui, W; Duan, JA; Guo, J; Huang, X; Huang, Z; Li, Z; Liu, P; Qian, D; Shang, E; Su, S, 2014)	0.4
"5)×the number of days/month that women use sanitary napkins (7)×skin absorption rate (0."	( Risk assessment study of dioxins in sanitary napkins produced in Japan. Imai, S; Ishii, S; Katagiri, R; Kataoka, T; Wada, M; Yamasaki, K, 2014)	0.4
" In this study, the developed method is successfully applied to the comparative pharmacokinetic study of LA in rats after oral administration of LA alone, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, and Danggui-Shaoyao-San along with the bioavailability study of LA in rats."	( Study on Pharmacokinetics of Three Preparations from Levistolide A by LC-MS-MS. He, WQ; Huang, XT; Li, WR; Liu, CH; Lv, WS; Qu, Z; Wang, Q; Wei, RR; Zhang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhou, XX, 2015)	0.42
" This study was conducted to assess the absolute bioavailability of tasimelteon and to further assess the single-dose pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of oral and intravenous (IV) routes of administration of the drug."	( Absolute Bioavailability of Tasimelteon. Baroldi, P; Dressman, MA; Kramer, WG; Torres, R, )	0.13
" Tasimelteon is rapidly absorbed, with a mean absolute bioavailability of approximately 38%, and is extensively metabolized primarily by oxidation at multiple sites, mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 and CYP3A4/5, as initially demonstrated by in vitro studies and confirmed by the results of clinical drug-drug interactions presented here."	( Clinical assessment of drug-drug interactions of tasimelteon, a novel dual melatonin receptor agonist. Baroldi, P; Dressman, MA; Kramer, WG; Ogilvie, BW; Torres, R, 2015)	0.42
" Most importantly, 3d possessed a very high absolute bioavailability and was rapidly distributed in brain tissue to keep high plasma drug concentration for the treatment of ischemic strokes."	( Discovery of 3-n-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-1-one as a potential anti-ischemic stroke agent. Lan, Z; Lei, M; Li, J; Liang, Z; Xu, W; Xu, X; Zhang, X; Zhao, C, 2015)	0.42
" The tanshinones improved the bioavailability of DSS, accelerated the eliminating rate of RA and Sal B and promoted their distribution in vivo."	( Simultaneous determination of tanshinones and polyphenolics in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS and its application to the pharmacokinetic interaction between them. Duan, J; Guan, H; Qian, D; Ren, H; Shang, E; Su, S; Zhang, W, 2016)	0.43
" Although surface sediments from Jackfish Bay continue to have elevated PCDD/Fs, with some locations exceeding sediment quality guidelines, they do not appear to be highly bioavailable to benthic fish."	( Historical decline and altered congener patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in fish and sediment in response to process changes at a pulp mill discharging into Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior. Dahmer, SC; Hall, RI; McMaster, ME; Munkittrick, KR; Servos, MR; Tetreault, GR, 2015)	0.64
" Compound 13d, having good in vitro ADME profile and moderate oral bioavailability in mice, showed potent anti-inflammatory activity against hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity reaction in mice following topical and oral administration."	( Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel orally available 1-phenyl-6-aminouracils containing dimethyldihydrobenzofuranol structure for the treatment of allergic skin diseases. Fujiwara, N; Hasegawa, F; Inoue, Y; Isobe, M; Isobe, Y; Tobe, M; Tsuboi, K, 2016)	0.43
" Combined with good oral bioavailability (F = 42."	( Discovery of Potent Benzofuran-Derived Diapophytoene Desaturase (CrtN) Inhibitors with Enhanced Oral Bioavailability for the Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infections. Chen, F; Di, H; Lan, L; Li, J; Lu, Y; Sheng, C; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wei, H; Xiao, Q; Xu, Y; Zhang, L; Zhu, J, 2016)	0.43
" This article aimed to develop a nanoencapsulation formulation of PL using water-soluble chitosan and Eudragit S100 and to evaluate its potential for bioavailability enhancement."	( Nanoencapsulation of psoralidin via chitosan and Eudragit S100 for enhancement of oral bioavailability. Song, X; Xiang, C; Yin, J, 2016)	0.43
" This study confirms the importance of the natural micro-oxidative processes that occur during the ageing of anthocyanin-containing food and their impact on their bioavailability and bioactivity properties."	( Bioavailability studies and anticancer properties of malvidin based anthocyanins, pyranoanthocyanins and non-oxonium derivatives. de Freitas, V; Fernandes, I; He, J; Mateus, N; Oliveira, H; Oliveira, J; Wang, J; Wu, N; Zhang, Q, 2016)	0.43
"Salvianolic acid B (SalB) was demonstrated to be a promising chemopreventive agent for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in the previous studies by our and other research institution, but the properties like low efficacy, poor systemic delivery, and low bioavailability has hampered its clinical applications."	( Cellular uptake and anticancer activity of salvianolic acid B phospholipid complex loaded nanoparticles in head and neck cancer and precancer cells. Li, H; Liu, W; Shi, L; Wei, J; Wu, L; Zhang, C; Zhou, Z, 2016)	0.43
"Prucalopride was well absorbed and excreted mainly by the kidneys, including both passive and active transporter mechanisms."	( A Phase I Study to Investigate the Absorption, Pharmacokinetics, and Excretion of [(14)C]Prucalopride After a Single Oral Dose in Healthy Volunteers. Ding, J; Dragone, J; Flach, S; Getsy, J; Pankratz, T; Pennick, M; Scarfe, G; Seymour, M; Troy, S, 2016)	0.43
" These efforts led to the discovery of BMS-929075 (37), which maintained ligand efficiency relative to early leads, demonstrated efficacy in a triple combination regimen in HCV replicon cells, and exhibited consistently high oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters across preclinical animal species."	( Discovery of a Hepatitis C Virus NS5B Replicase Palm Site Allosteric Inhibitor (BMS-929075) Advanced to Phase 1 Clinical Studies. Anjanappa, P; Bender, JA; Beno, BR; Bora, RO; Colston, E; Gao, M; Gao, Q; Grant-Young, KA; Grasela, DM; Gunaga, P; Hanumegowda, U; Haskell, R; Kadow, JF; Kish, K; Knipe, JO; Lemm, J; Liu, M; Meanwell, NA; Mosure, K; Ng, A; Nickel, A; Parcella, K; Parker, D; Raybon, J; Rigat, K; Roberts, SB; Santone, K; Selvakumar, K; Sheriff, S; Shu, YZ; Sinz, M; Soars, MG; Wan, C; Wang, YK; Witmer, M; Yeung, KS; Zhuo, X, 2017)	0.46
" The ability of Psoralidin (Pso), a non-toxic, orally bioavailable compound to inhibit cadmium-induced autophagy to prevent prostate cancer was investigated."	( Inhibition of autophagy prevents cadmium-induced prostate carcinogenesis. Alatassi, H; Ankem, MK; Damodaran, C; Das, TP; Freedman, JH; Kolluru, V; Pal, D; Sears, S; Suman, S, 2017)	0.46
", alcohols, humic acids), can be used to improve bioavailability and bioactivity of the soil making bio-attenuation and full remediation more efficient."	( The use of ultrasound-assisted anaerobic compost tea washing to remove poly-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) from highly contaminated field soils. Chen, JR; Huang, WY; Hung, W; Kaewlaoyoong, A; Lin, C; Shen, YH; Vu, CT; Yotapukdee, S, 2017)	0.46
" It demonstrated moderate bioavailability in rats and dogs, but showed low plasma clearance characteristics consistent with once-daily dosing."	( Development of a New Structural Class of Broadly Acting HCV Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors Leading to the Discovery of MK-8876. Chang, W; Holloway, MK; Lesburg, CA; Li, P; Liverton, N; Ludmerer, SW; McComas, CC; Meinke, PT; Olsen, DB; Palani, A; Peng, X; Soll, RM; Ummat, A; Wu, J; Zorn, N, 2017)	0.46
"Grapefruit juice (GFJ) consumption has been shown to increase the bioavailability of certain orally administered drugs."	( Synthesis of Furanocoumarin, Benzofuran and Coumarin Derivatives Possessing an Inhibitory Effect on Human CYP, and Elucidation of the Inhibitory Mechanism. Yamaguchi, Y, 2017)	0.46
" Given the high bioavailability and brain permeability demonstrated in our pharmacokinetic studies, 8 will provide a novel scaffold for an Aβ-aggregation inhibitor that may offer an alternative treatment for AD."	( Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable Benzofuran Analogue That Serves as a β-Amyloid Aggregation Inhibitor for the Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Ann, J; Choi, K; Ha, HJ; Hong, HS; Hyun, HJ; Jo, DG; Kang, DW; Kang, JM; Kim, H; Kim, HM; Kim, SH; Kim, Y; Lee, J; Lee, JH, 2018)	0.48
"The wet-milling technique was suitable for the preparation of UA nanocrystal suspension, and a new nanosystem of UA with higher solid content and higher bioavailability was achieved."	( Preparation and evaluation of wet-milled usnic acid nanocrystal suspension for better bioaffinity. Du, X; Qu, C; Tu, P; Zhang, L; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y; Zheng, J, 2018)	0.48
" Further SAR exploration and optimization led to another benzofuran series with good oral bioavailability in rats."	( Discovery of EBI-1051: A novel and orally efficacious MEK inhibitor with benzofuran scaffold. Cao, J; Hu, Q; Huang, S; Lu, B; Shen, R; Tao, W; Wan, H; Wang, D; Yuan, J; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhang, M, 2018)	0.48
"2 buffer conditions, the bioavailability of TSM-Ivia oral administration was better compared to that of TSM-II."	( Anhydrates and hemihydrate of tasimelteon: Synthesis, structure, and pharmacokinetic study. Bai, H; Gu, J; Hu, X; Liu, K; Liu, X; Tang, G; Xu, Z; Zhou, X; Zhu, J, 2018)	0.48
"The present study was designed to improve storage stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills (GNDP) by transforming lignans of Herpetospermum caudigerum (HL) composed of herpetrione (HPE) and herpetin (HPN) into nanosuspension (HL-NS), the main active ingredient of GNDP, HL-NS was prepared by high pressure homogenization and lyophilized to transform into solid nanoparticles (HL nanoparticles), and then the formulated HL nanoparticles were perfused into matrix to obtain NS-GNDP by melting method."	( Improved stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills following transforming lignans of herpetospermum caudigerum into nanosuspensions. Cheng, L; Li, JJ; Qiu, L; Shen, CY; Shen, G; Xu, R; Yuan, HL; Zheng, J, 2018)	0.48
" However, the oral bioavailability of these compounds in humans is low (˂1-2%)."	( The Oral Bioavailability of Trans-Resveratrol from a Grapevine-Shoot Extract in Healthy Humans is Significantly Increased by Micellar Solubilization. Behnam, D; Bosy-Westphal, A; Calvo-Castro, LA; David, F; Ehrt, H; Frank, J; Schiborr, C; Sus, N; Voggel, J, 2018)	0.48
"The oral bioavailability of trans-resveratrol from the grapevine-shoot extract Vineatrol30 was significantly increased using a liquid micellar formulation, without any treatment-related adverse effects, making it a suitable system for improved supplementation of trans-resveratrol."	( The Oral Bioavailability of Trans-Resveratrol from a Grapevine-Shoot Extract in Healthy Humans is Significantly Increased by Micellar Solubilization. Behnam, D; Bosy-Westphal, A; Calvo-Castro, LA; David, F; Ehrt, H; Frank, J; Schiborr, C; Sus, N; Voggel, J, 2018)	0.48
" The main idea to be addressed in the future should include the synthesis of UA derivatives because these might possess increased bioactivity, bioavailability and decreased toxicity."	( Usnic acid and its derivatives for pharmaceutical use: a patent review (2000-2017). Luzina, OA; Salakhutdinov, NF, 2018)	0.48
" Additionally, an overview of the main strategies adopted so far to reduce drug toxicity and increase bioavailability is given in the perspective of a safe use of UA in the clinical management of infected wounds."	( Usnic Acid: Potential Role in Management of Wound Infections. Donelli, G; Francolini, I; Piozzi, A, 2019)	0.51
" Similar to clinical developmental compound MK-8876, N-linked (compounds 1 and 2) and C-linked (compounds 3 and 4) tetracyclic structures maintained broad spectrum anti-replicon potency profiles and demonstrated moderate to excellent oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters across the three preclinical animal species."	( Design and evaluation of novel tetracyclic benzofurans as palm site allosteric inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase. Brockunier, L; Dai, X; Feng, KI; He, S; Li, F; Liu, H; Ludmerer, SW; Marcantonio, K; Nargund, RP; Palani, A, 2019)	0.78
" KU showed increased bioavailability compared with UA in the tumor, liver, and plasma of a CT26 syngeneic mouse tumor xenograft model after oral administration, as determined by LC-MS/MS analysis."	( Potassium usnate, a water-soluble usnic acid salt, shows enhanced bioavailability and inhibits invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Bae, WK; Choi, YJ; Chung, IJ; Gamage, C; Ha, HH; Hur, JS; Kim, H; Kim, KK; Kim, SK; Lee, JH; Lee, JY; Lee, KH; Paik, MJ; Park, MS; Park, SY; Taş, İ; Yang, Y; Yu, YH; Zhou, R, 2018)	0.48
" Adhesive polymeric films were designed to improve UA use by enhancing its bioavailability in the wounded tissues."	( Bioadhesive polymeric films based on usnic acid for burn wound treatment: Antibacterial and cytotoxicity studies. Calarco, P; Ceccarini, MR; Conte, C; Pagano, C; Perioli, L; Primavilla, S; Ricci, M; Scuota, S, 2019)	0.51
" Its low water solubility, its photo-sensitivity and its low bioavailability make its applications in the food industry complicated."	( Encapsulation of ε-viniferin in onion-type multi-lamellar liposomes increases its solubility and its photo-stability and decreases its cytotoxicity on Caco-2 intestinal cells. Atgié, C; Courtois, A; Faure, C; Garcia, M; Krisa, S; Richard, T; Sauvant, P, 2019)	0.51
" The absolute bioavailability of Sal B increased at least 10-fold after pulmonary administration, compared with oral administration."	( Pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid and Danshensu in rat after pulmonary administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolic acid solution. Li, J; Liu, H; Liu, Z; Lu, P; Ma, Z; Peng, H; Xing, Y; Xue, Z; Zhang, B; Zhou, QT, 2019)	0.51
"The overall bioavailability of the evaluated formulation of fruquintinib was not affected by the consumption of a high-fat, high-calorie meal prior to dosing."	( Effects of a High-fat Meal on the Pharmacokinetics of the VEGFR Inhibitor Fruquintinib: A Randomized Phase I Study in Healthy Subjects. Chen, Q; Fan, S; Jia, J; Li, K; Li, T; Liu, Y; Qian, H; Sai, Y; Su, W; Wang, W; Yu, C, 2019)	0.51
"This study aims to establish a method for the determination of the concentration of five main components of phthalide target areas of Chaxiong(CPTA) and its inclusion of β-CD in the plasma of rats, and determine the pharmacokinetic parameters, absolute bioavailability and relative bioavailability of CPTA/β-CD inclusion compound in vivo."	( [Pharmacokinetic study on five components in phthalide target areas of Chaxiong and its β-CD inclusion compounds based on UPLC-MS/MS]. Feng, JF; Li, DX; Liu, XM; Wei, XH; Wu, QY; Xia, MY; Zhang, GS; Zhong, YH, 2021)	0.62
"The absorptions of SA, NBP, NOL, ZL and BP in VOC were rapid after oral administration, and the absolute bioavailability was less than 25%."	( Pharmacokinetics of five phthalides in volatile oil of Ligusticum sinense Oliv.cv. Chaxiong, and comparison study on physicochemistry and pharmacokinetics after being formulated into solid dispersion and inclusion compound. Deng, P; Feng, JF; Hu, PY; Lei, ZQ; Li, DX; Liu, XM; Zhang, GS; Zhang, WL; Zhong, YH, 2021)	0.62
" Both VOC-P188 solid dispersion and VOC-β-CD inclusion compound could be prospective means for improving oral bioavailability of SA, NBP, NOL, ZL and BP in VOC."	( Pharmacokinetics of five phthalides in volatile oil of Ligusticum sinense Oliv.cv. Chaxiong, and comparison study on physicochemistry and pharmacokinetics after being formulated into solid dispersion and inclusion compound. Deng, P; Feng, JF; Hu, PY; Lei, ZQ; Li, DX; Liu, XM; Zhang, GS; Zhang, WL; Zhong, YH, 2021)	0.62
" Nevertheless, chemical instability and low solubility of OXY in aqueous solutions reduce its bioavailability and hinder it from exerting neuroprotective activities."	( Alkoxy glycerol enhanced activity of Oxyresveratrol in Alzheimer's disease by rescuing Tau protein. Elumalai, P; Lakshmi, S; Sivan, S; Varija Raghu, S, 2021)	0.62
"5-fold brain accumulation increase compared with NBP, leading to much higher bioavailability and stronger therapeutic effects."	( Novel brain-targeting 3-n-butylphthalide prodrugs for ischemic stroke treatment. Han, Y; Liu, Q; Xiang, H; Yang, L; Zhang, L; Zhang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z, 2021)	0.62
"This study aims to characterize the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and identify important bioavailability barriers and pharmacological pathways of the key active components (KACs) of Antitumor B (ATB), a chemopreventive agent."	( Pharmacokinetic Characterization and Bioavailability Barrier for the Key Active Components of Botanical Drug Antitumor B (ATB) in Mice for Chemoprevention of Oral Cancer. Bui, D; Duan, S; Hu, M; Singh, R; Wei, B; Wong, SJ; Yang, P; Yin, T; You, M, 2021)	0.62
" Although bioavailability studies have shown poor absorption and high metabolism of this stilbene, multiple studies demonstrated its biological properties."	( In the shadow of resveratrol: biological activities of epsilon-viniferin. Atgié, C; Beaumont, P; Courtois, A; Krisa, S; Richard, T, 2022)	0.72
"The encapsulation of three drug components in the emulsion can improve the oral bioavailability to varying degrees and can effectively prevent the acute liver injury caused by acetaminophen."	( [Preparation of salvianolic acid B, tanshinone Ⅱ_A, and glycyrrhetinic acid lipid emulsion and its protective effect against acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen]. Gu, H; Lin, T; Wang, XJ; Wang, XL; Zhang, XR, 2022)	0.72
" In addition, previous pharmacokinetics showed that Sal B was poorly absorbed by oral administration, and it was unstable in the stomach, with a large first-pass effect in the liver."	( [Protective mechanism of salvianolic acid B on blood vessels]. DU, YJ; Li, J; Lu, J; Pan, QQ; Sun, FQ; Tian, Z; Yang, CK, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The slopes of the dose-response curves to isoprenaline were depressed for up to 24 h by Ro 03-7894 but this was not so with Ro 03-5255."	( The in vivo examination of the irreversible beta-adrenoceptor antagonist Ro 03-7894 on cardiac rate and contractility. Broadley, KJ; Burden, DT; Natoff, IL; Nicholson, CD, )	0.13
" The absorption, tissue distrigution, elimination and biotransformation of the anti-tussive agent Azipranone labelled with 14C have been investigated after oral dosing to rat, dog, baboon and man and parenteral administration to rat and baboon."	( The physiological disposition of the anti-tussive agent, 1,2,3,4a,9b-hexahydro-8,9b-dimethyl-4-[3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propionamido]dibenzofuran-3-one dihydrochloride Azipranone, in man, rat, dog and baboon. Daniel, JW; James, GW; Rowlands, DA; Taylor, JB, 1978)	0.26
" Thymus/body weight ratios were suppressed in the higher dosage groups."	( Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) on the immune system in guinea pigs. Faith, RE; Lawson, LD; Luster, MI, 1979)	0.26
" In a dosage of 100 and 300 mg/day benzbromaron proved to be a much more potent uricosuricum."	( [The uricosuric effect of benzbromaron and probenecid under fasting conditions (author's transl)]. Kleinschmidt, A; Schräpler, P; Schulz, E, 1978)	0.26
"The effects of amiodarone given by rapid intravenous injection at a dosage of 10 mg/kg have been studied in the dog."	( [Analysis of the electrophysiological effects of amiodarone using simultaneous recordings of monophasic and bundle-of-his action potentials]. Bachy, C; Cabasson, J; Guimond, C; Mellet, JM; Puech, P; Sassine, A, 1976)	0.26
" Significant dose-response curves to isoproterenol could not be obtained in single animals because of the time-dependent lowering of the inhibitory effect of the drug."	( Nature of the inhibition by amiodarone of isoproterenol-induced tachycardia in the dog. Bauthier, J; Broekhuysen, J; Charlier, R; Richard, J, 1976)	0.26
" Although carzelesin was less potent in terms of in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo optimal dosage and showed low affinity for binding to DNA, it was therapeutically more efficacious against mouse L1210 leukemia than was U-76074 or adozelesin (U-73975), another cyclopropylpyrroloindole analogue which is currently in phase I clinical trials."	( Cytotoxicity and antitumor activity of carzelesin, a prodrug cyclopropylpyrroloindole analogue. DeKoning, TF; Kelly, RC; Krueger, WC; Li, LH; McGovren, JP; Ouding, RJ; Padbury, GE; Petzold, GL; Prairie, MD; Wallace, TL, 1992)	0.28
" Extrapolation back to ingested dose was used to validate dosage estimates."	( Chloracne caused by ingestion of olive oil contaminated with PCDDs and PCDFs. Camacho, F; Greig, JB; Hansson, M; Rappe, C; Rodriguez-Pichardo, A; Smith, AG, 1991)	0.28
" Without ANF in the blood culture system, namely, an usual system of the SCEs experiment, we could not find a dose-response relationship between the concentration of the mixture of organochlorine compounds and the induction of SCEs/cell."	( [The effect of organochlorine compounds on the induction of sister chromatid exchanges in cultured human lymphocytes]. Hirakawa, H; Iida, T; Masuda, Y; Matsueda, T; Nagayama, J; Nagayama, M; Wada, K, 1991)	0.28
"The polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are one group of man-made toxicants for which reasonably extensive data exist relevant to dose-response relationships in humans."	( Human body burden of polychlorinated dibenzofurans associated with toxicity based on the yusho and yucheng incidents. Brown, JF; Gasiewicz, TA; Ryan, JJ, 1990)	0.86
"Treatment of 25-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) significantly lowered constitutive uterine peroxidase activity and decreased uterine wet weights in a dose-response fashion."	( 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as an antiestrogen: effect on rat uterine peroxidase activity. Astroff, B; Safe, S, 1990)	0.28
" The dose-response curves of NMDA and, to a lesser extent, of kainate were shifted to the left, and that of quisqualate became biphasic in the Mg-free medium."	( Coupling of glutamatergic receptors to changes in intracellular Ca2+ in rat cerebellar granule cells in primary culture. Akerman, KE; Enkvist, MO; Holopainen, I; Louve, M, 1990)	0.28
"The dose-response effects of the 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-, 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-, 1,2,3,4,6,8,9-, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,9-heptachlorodibenzofurans (HpCDFs) on the splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep erythrocytes and on the induction of hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activities were determined in male C57BL/6 mice."	( The structure-dependent effects of heptachlorodibenzofuran isomers in male C57BL/6 mice: immunotoxicity and monooxygenase enzyme induction. Davis, D; Dickerson, R; Howie, L; Safe, S, 1990)	0.49
" Female hairless mice (HRS/J hr/hr) were treated dermally with the initiator MNNG, then dosed twice weekly for 20 weeks with acetone, TCDD (2."	( Relative toxicity and tumor-promoting ability of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PCDF), and 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran (HCDF) in hairless mice. Birnbaum, LS; Elwell, MR; Harris, MW; Hébert, CD, 1990)	0.28
" Dose-response analysis of peak and plateau phases of intracellular Ca2+ shows different agonist potencies for both phases, carbachol being more potent for the plateau phase."	( Muscarinic-receptor-mediated changes in intracellular Ca2+ and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate mass in a human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. Lambert, DG; Nahorski, SR, 1990)	0.28
" The response delay for Ang II was consistently briefer than that for the same concentration of AVP, showing a 2-3 log unit separation in the dose-response relations."	( Cytosolic calcium and aldosterone response patterns of rat adrenal glomerulosa cells stimulated by vasopressin: comparison with angiotensin II. Enyedi, P; Quinn, SJ; Tillotson, DL; Williams, GH, 1990)	0.28
" Furegrelate (800 or 1600 mg) significantly inhibited thromboxane synthesis throughout the dosing interval as assessed by thromboxane B2 generation from platelet-rich plasma challenged with arachidonic acid or from serum."	( Multiple dose trial of the thromboxane synthase inhibitor furegrelate in normal subjects. Lakings, DB; Mohrland, JS; Vander Lugt, JT, 1990)	0.28
" A study of the dose-response relationship for CsA at 3, 6, and 24 mg/kg/day for 5 days indicated that maximal blood pressure responses were attained with 6 mg/kg/day."	( Cyclosporine-induced hypertension in sheep. The role of thromboxanes. Bennett, WM; Scoggins, BA; Tresham, JJ; Whitworth, JA, 1990)	0.28
" In this study, we quantitated the dose-response effects of topically applied PAF on microvascular permselectivity and investigated the biochemical pathways of this compound."	( Effect of platelet-activating factor on microvascular permselectivity: dose-response relations and pathways of action in the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation. Dillon, PK; Durán, WN, 1988)	0.27
" Comparison of the dose-response curve for calcium mobilization and amylase release stimulated by CCK-8 or CCK-JMV-180 indicates that very low concentrations of each peptide stimulate amylase release without causing detectable calcium mobilization."	( Receptor occupation, calcium mobilization, and amylase release in pancreatic acini: effect of CCK-JMV-180. Beaven, MA; Gardner, JD; Jensen, RT; Martinez, J; Sato, S; Stark, HA, 1989)	0.28
" Consistent with this hypothesis were (i) a 60-70% decrease in SQ 26,655-stimulated platelet GTPase activity, (ii) a shift to the right of the dose-response curve for U46619-stimulated release of calcium [EC50, 275 +/- 51 nM (control)] vs."	( Regulation of thromboxane receptor activation in human platelets. FitzGerald, GA; Murray, R, 1989)	0.28
" Amiodarone was administered as a bolus at a dosage of 5 mg/kg bodyweight over a 1-min period."	( Acute hemodynamic effects of intravenous amiodarone in patients with coronary artery disease. Barthélémy, JC; Bopp, P; Campanini, C; Crevoisier, JL; Frangos, A; Lomazzi, F; Rasoamanambelo, L, )	0.13
" dosing regimen, no apparent change in the absorption, disposition, and elimination kinetics is detected and only a slight potential for drug accumulation is observed."	( Pharmacokinetics of furegrelate after oral administration to normal humans. Friis, JM; Lakings, DB; Lunan, CM; Mohrland, JS; VanderLugt, JT, 1989)	0.28
" All antagonists produced a shift to the right in the dose-response curve to Paf (0."	( Antagonism of platelet activating factor-induced chemiluminescence in guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages in differing states of activation. Bittner, C; Lambrecht, G; Parnham, MJ, 1989)	0.28
" The partial antagonism produced by 50 mumol/kg MCDF could be partially overcome by doubling the dosage of TCDD from 16 to 32 nmol/kg."	( 6-Methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran as a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin antagonist: inhibition of the induction of rat cytochrome P-450 isozymes and related monooxygenase activities. Arlotto, MP; Astroff, B; Levin, W; Parkinson, A; Safe, S; Thomas, P; Zacharewski, T, 1988)	0.27
"The dose-response immunosuppressive effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,4,7,8- and 1,2,3,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PeCDF), 2,3,7,8- and 1,3,6,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) on the splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep red blood cells were determined in C57BL/6 mice."	( Immunosuppressive activities of polychlorinated dibenzofuran congeners: quantitative structure-activity relationships and interactive effects. Davis, D; Safe, S, 1988)	0.27
" Removal of the respective ACE inhibitors revealed an apparent increase in total enzyme in the plasma of animals dosed chronically with BRL 36378 and enalapril."	( Acute and chronic effects of a novel dihydrobenzofuran analogue and enalapril on blood pressure and plasma and tissue angiotensin converting enzyme activity in the sodium deficient normotensive rat. Howlett, DR; Longman, SD, 1988)	0.27
" In the order of potency L-648,051 greater than FPL-55712 greater than L-649,923, these agents antagonized contractions to LTD4 and produced parallel rightward shifts in the dose-response curves."	( Leukotriene and anti-IgE induced contractions of human isolated trachea: studies with leukotriene receptor antagonists and a novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Charette, L; Denis, D; Jones, TR, 1988)	0.27
" The in vivo dose-response effects of 2 pyrolyzed flame retardants were determined in immature male Wistar rats and compared to the dose-response activities of 2,3,7,8-TCDD."	( Applications of the in vitro aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction assay for determining "2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents": pyrolyzed brominated flame retardants. Harris, M; Hutzinger, O; Safe, S; Thoma, H; Zacharewski, T, 1988)	0.27
" Three weeks of pretreatment with 6-OHDA resulted in leftwards shifts of the dose-response curves for the positive chronotropic and inotropic responses of right and left atria to isoprenaline."	( Cardiac postjunctional supersensitivity to beta-agonists after chronic chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine. Broadley, KJ; Chess-Williams, RG; Culling, W; Grassby, PF; Penny, W; Sheridan, DJ, 1985)	0.27
" The loss of the righting reflex induced by clonidine in the chicken was prevented by (+/-) and (+) S9871, as shown by a shift of the dose-response curve to clonidine to the right by both agents; on the contrary, (-) S9871 potentiated the sedation induced by clonidine."	( Antagonistic effects of S9871 or (imidazolinyl-2)-2-dihydro 2,3 benzofurane and its stereoisomers on some central and peripheral actions of alpha 2-agonists. Joly, G; Mouillé, P; Schmitt, H, 1985)	0.27
" The monkey metabolites of the two drugs were isolated as their glucuronide conjugates from the urine of iv dosed males."	( Metabolism of kadsurenone and 9,10-dihydrokadsurenone in rhesus monkeys and rat liver microsomes. Arison, BH; Chabala, JC; Chang, MN; Chiu, SH; Eline, D; Hucker, HB; Smith, JL; Sweeney, BM; Thompson, KL; White, SD, )	0.13
" At the higher dosage used bovine GH appeared to stimulate the accumulation of creatine kinase."	( The postnatal development of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport activity in skeletal muscle of the rat is critically dependent on thyroid hormone. Simonides, WS; van Hardeveld, C, 1989)	0.28
" The EC50-value for each compound was determined by dose-response competitive displacement of 2,3,7,8-[3H] tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)."	( Substituted polychlorinated dibenzofuran receptor binding affinities and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction potencies--a QSAR analysis. Denomme, MA; Fujita, T; Homonko, K; Safe, S; Sawyer, T, 1986)	0.27
" Thus, these experiments suggest that thromboxane synthetase inhibition, within a narrow dosage range, potentiates furosemide-induced renin release while cyclooxygenase inhibition suppresses it."	( Effect of cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthetase inhibition on furosemide-stimulated plasma renin activity. Datar, S; McCauley, FA; Wilson, TW, 1987)	0.27
" A significant dose-response relationship was observed between the placental EGF receptor phosphorylation levels and the PCB concentrations (total or concentrations of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexa- and 2,2'3,3'4,4',5-heptachlorobiphenyls)."	( Decreased human birth weights after in utero exposure to PCBs and PCDFs are associated with decreased placental EGF-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation capacity. Lucier, GW; Nelson, KG; Sunahara, GI; Wong, TK, 1987)	0.27
" The dose-response curves for 45Ca uptake and release were identical to those of the hormonally evoked [Ca2+]i increase."	( Agonist-sensitive calcium pool in the pancreatic acinar cell. I. Permeability properties. Fimmel, CJ; Muallem, S; Pandol, SJ; Schoeffield, MS, 1988)	0.27
" Agonist dose-response studies revealed an increased maximal response, but the dose that gave half maximal response was unchanged."	( Increased calcium response to ADP in blood platelets from women during ovulation compared with menstruation: cytoplasmic calcium measured with the fura-2 technique. Pedersen, OS; Reichelt, KL, 1988)	0.27
"The dose-response effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,4,7,8-, 1,2,3,7,9-, and 2,3,4,7,9-pentachlorodibenzofuran on body weight loss and hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) induction were determined in the immature male guinea pig."	( Biologic and toxic effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran congeners in the guinea pig. Quantitative structure-activity relationships. Holcomb, M; Safe, S; Yao, C, 1988)	0.27
"Three topical repellents were evaluated against Phlebotomus perniciosus using dose-response techniques."	( Laboratory tests of three repellents against Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera:Psychodidae). Fossati, FP; Maroli, M, 1986)	0.27
" All three compounds were highly teratogenic, with very steep and parallel dose-response curves for the two diagnostic indicators of dioxin-like teratogenicity, hydronephrosis, and cleft palate."	( Teratogenicity of three polychlorinated dibenzofurans in C57BL/6N mice. Barnhart, ER; Birnbaum, LS; Harris, MW; Morrissey, RE, 1987)	0.54
" Much of the faecal 14C was attributable to 14C excreted in the bile which amounted to 59% in the 7 h bile collected from an intravenously dosed dog, and a mean of 72% in the 24 h bile of orally dosed rats."	( Metabolic fate of the thrombolytic agent benzarone in man: comparison with the rat and dog. Bonn, R; Chasseaud, LF; Darragh, A; Grote, H; John, BA; Lambe, RF; Sandrock, K; Wood, SG, 1987)	0.27
" Treatment involved oral dosing (10 mg/kg bid) of TSI or placebo, combined with local treatment of the graft with TSI or placebo (papavarine) at the time of implantation."	( Effect of selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor on vein grafts. Askins, R; Cargile, M; Hebeler, RF; Neyman, SL; O'Leary, JP, 1987)	0.27
"Thirty-eight patients with refractory supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias were administered a mean oral dosage of 400 mg amiodarone daily (200-600 mg)."	( [Amiodarone therapy--behavior of serum and fatty tissue concentrations]. Bethge, KP; Bosse, K; Gonska, BD; Köbberling, J; Kreuzer, H; Quentin, CD; Wagner, H, 1986)	0.27
" Oral amiodarone was started using a loading dose of 600 mg daily for one week, 400 mg daily for one week, and a subsequent dosage of 200 mg daily five times a week."	( [Anti-arrhythmic efficacy of the amiodarone-mexiletine combination in the treatment of resistant complex ventricular arrhythmias]. Bilancini, A; Blandini, A; Costantini, C; Curzi, G; Massacci, C; Pigini, G; Purcaro, A, 1986)	0.27
" In 17 of the 29 pts not controlled by this regimen, the dosage of A was increased to 6000-8000 mg week-1; short-term control of VT was achieved in 9/17 (53%) pts, but over a long-term follow-up 5/9 (56%) died and severe side-effects (11% pulmonary fibrosis and 11% hepatitis) occurred in 22%."	( Medical and surgical treatment of sustained and recurrent post-infarction ventricular tachycardia. Bobba, P; Bressan, MA; Chimienti, M; Martinelli, L; Montemartini, C; Pagnin, A; Previtali, M; Salerno, JA; Vigano, M, 1985)	0.27
" The study consisted of an initial 1-week, placebo-controlled, baseline period followed by two 12-day, randomized, crossover, double-blind treatment periods with incremental dosage and 1 month of placebo between drug periods."	( Efficacy of flecainide in the management of ventricular arrhythmias: comparative study with amiodarone. Bertolasi, CA; Dubner, SJ; Elencwajg, BD; Mendelzon, R; Palma, S; Ramos, A, 1985)	0.27
" Serial electrophysiologic testing was used in 25 patients with ventricular tachycardia to assess the adequacy of a 1-week oral loading regimen at 1,200 mg/day, to modify maintenance dosing at the conclusion of loading, and to evaluate the appropriateness of maintenance dosing after 2 months of therapy."	( Evaluation by serial electrophysiologic studies of an abbreviated oral loading regimen of amiodarone. Batsford, WP; Kennedy, EE; McPherson, CA; Rosenfeld, LE, 1985)	0.27
"Fifteen polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) congeners were administered in a dose-response fashion to immature male Wistar rats and ED50 values for body weight loss, thymic atrophy and the induction of the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-448-dependent monooxygenases, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 4-chlorobiphenyl hydroxylase were determined."	( Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs): correlation between in vivo and in vitro structure-activity relationships. Bandiera, S; Keys, B; Mason, G; Piskorska-Pliszczynska, J; Romkes, M; Safe, S; Sawyer, T; Zmudzka, B, 1985)	0.6
" The absolute bioavailability of oral amiodarone was calculated by comparison of AUCs after oral dosing with those after intravenous injection."	( Absolute bioavailability of amiodarone in normal subjects. Berger, Y; Desager, JP; Harvengt, C; Pacco, M; Pourbaix, S, 1985)	0.27
" The mean dosage in the patients with epididymitis was 700 mg."	( Amiodarone-associated epididymitis: drug-related epididymitis in the absence of infection. Berger, RE; Gasparich, JP; Greene, HL; Krieger, JN; Mason, JT, 1985)	0.27
" Reduction in the dosage of amiodarone resulted in the disappearance of the sinoatrial block and the persistence of asymptomatic sinus bradycardia."	( Amiodarone-induced sinoatrial block. Berand, M; Davidson, E; Strasberg, B, 1985)	0.27
" Serial observations for eye findings were made in 21 patients on a daily dosage of 200-600 mg for periods ranging from six months to three years."	( Amiodarone keratopathy and lens opacities. Dolan, BJ; Flach, AJ; Peterson, JS, 1985)	0.27
"In 23 patients with symptomatic severe supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias the effectiveness and the side effects of a long-term therapy with the class III antiarrhythmic drug Amiodarone (Cordarone) in a dosage of 100-800 mg/die in monotherapy and combination therapy were investigated."	( [Long-term therapy with amiodarone in tachyarrhythmias--report on various experiences with special reference to its side effects]. Assmann, I, 1985)	0.27
" Desethylamiodarone serum and tissue concentrations were substantially lower than the corresponding amiodarone concentrations and varied from 1 to 48% (mean 15%) depending on the dosage used and the kind of tissue."	( Tissue distribution of amiodarone and desethylamiodarone in rats after multiple intraperitoneal administration of various amiodarone dosages. Maes, RA; Plomp, TA; Wiersinga, WM, 1985)	0.27
" Fasted dogs dosed orally with the drug in solution or capsule had similar absorption and elimination kinetics and agreed favorably with the intravenous results."	( Liquid chromatographic-ultraviolet methods for furegrelate in serum and urine: preliminary pharmacokinetic evaluation in the dog. Friis, JM; Lakings, DB, 1985)	0.27
" We conclude that amiodarone is highly effective in the management of high-risk patients with complex refractory cardiac arrhythmias and that close monitoring and prompt recognition of side effects and appropriate adjustment of dosage or institution of supplemental or replacement therapy (in less than 5% of patients) will allow continuation of amiodarone."	( Evaluation of amiodarone therapy in the treatment of drug-resistant cardiac arrhythmias: long term follow-up. Hamer, A; Mandel, WJ; Peter, T, 1985)	0.27
"In eight patients who had previously responded to treatment with oral amiodarone for prevention of recurrent supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia, a new regimen of oral amiodarone dosing was evaluated."	( Once per week oral administration of amiodarone in the prophylaxis of supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia. Furlanello, F; Inama, G; Padrini, R; Piovan, D, 1985)	0.27
" Cumulative dose-response curves to the agonists were constructed before and after incubation with and washout of the irreversible beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist, Ro 03-7894 1-(5-chloracetylaminobenzfuran-2-yl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol)."	( Dissociation constants of isoprenaline and orciprenaline and their relative efficacies on guinea-pig isolated atria determined by use of an irreversible beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. Broadley, KJ; Nicholson, CD, 1981)	0.26
" The maximum of the dose-response curve to isoprenaline, constructed after incubation with Ro 03-7894 and a 3 hr bath-washout, was depressed by 89."	( Comparison of the apparent irreversible beta-adrenoceptor antagonist Ro 03-7894 with propranolol in cardiac ventricular muscle by pharmacological and radioligand binding techniques. Broadley, KJ; Rankin, A, 1982)	0.26
" At the lower temperature, supersensitivity to orciprenaline and isoprenaline was exhibited as shifts of the dose-response curves to the left and significant reductions in EC50 values."	( Temperature-induced changes in dissociation constants (KA) of agonists at cardiac beta-adrenoceptors determined by use of the irreversible antagonist Ro 03-7894. Broadley, KJ; Williams, RG, 1983)	0.27
"6 mM) produced a non-parallel shift to the right of dose-response curves to (-)-isoprenaline in K+ depolarized uterine preparations from the guinea-pig."	( Is Ro 03-7894 an irreversible antagonist at beta-adrenoceptor sites? Krstew, E; Malta, E; McPherson, GA; Molenaar, P; Raper, C, 1984)	0.27
" In such cases, combining amiodarone with conventional therapy allows a decrease in the maintenance dosage and a lower incidence of extracardiac side effects."	( The use of amiodarone in children. Coumel, P; Do Ngoc, D; Lucet, V, 1983)	0.27
" The exceedingly long and variable elimination half-life of amiodarone necessitates individualized loading and maintenance dosage regimens, and the latency of onset of antiarrhythmic action during oral therapy is not shortened by intravenous bolus injections or sustained infusions."	( The clinical results of amiodarone in cardiac arrhythmias: optimal dosing. Ikeda, N; Kannan, R; Nademanee, K; Singh, BN, 1984)	0.27
" Although the neuropathy may be severe, it tends to improve with lowering of the dosage or discontinuation of the medication."	( Amiodarone neuropathy. Martinez-Arizala, A; McCarty, GE; Nichols, BR; Rakita, L; Sobol, SM, 1983)	0.27
" Data from sequential pulmonary function tests and cumulative amiodarone dosage in 35 patients were also examined to determine their value in predicting pulmonary complications."	( Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity. Mostow, N; Rakita, L; Sobol, SM; Vrobel, T, 1983)	0.27
" It has an apparent elimination half-life of 15-45 days, which presents unique dosing problems."	( Amiodarone for tachyarrhythmias: pharmacology, kinetics, and efficacy. Asdourian, GK; Canada, AT; Haffajee, CI; Johnson, B; Lesko, LJ, 1983)	0.27
"The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical use and efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage of amiodarone, an investigational antiarrhythmic agent, are reviewed."	( Amiodarone: a unique antiarrhythmic agent. Sloskey, GE, )	0.13
" Durations of treatment, daily doses and total dosage were extremely varied."	( [The amiodarone lung]. Akoun, G; Mayaud, C; Milleron, B, 1984)	0.27
" The responsiveness was maintained with the smaller dosage of 200 mg in 68% of this group."	( Multicenter controlled observation of a low-dose regimen of amiodarone for treatment of severe ventricular arrhythmias. Collaborative Group for Amiodarone Evaluation. , 1984)	0.27
" Serious adverse effects occurred nearly always in association with four- to fivefold increases of rT3 above baseline values, and disappeared when such levels fell as a result of dosage reduction or after temporary drug discontinuation."	( Amiodarone and thyroid function: clinical implications during antiarrhythmic therapy. Nademanee, K; Singh, BN, 1983)	0.27
" The dosage was 400 to 600 mg/d following a loading dosage of 1000 mg for 8 to 12 days."	( [Control of anti-arrhythmia therapy with amiodarone. Value of the determination of blood levels]. Lüderitz, B; Nitsch, J, 1984)	0.27
"The effects of structure on the activity of 26 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) as competitive ligands for the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) rat hepatic cytosolic receptor protein were determined in a dose-response fashion."	( Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs): effects of structure on binding to the 2,3,7,8-TCDD cytosolic receptor protein, AHH induction and toxicity. Bandiera, S; Keys, B; Mason, G; Romkes, M; Safe, L; Safe, S; Sawyer, T; Zmudzka, B, 1984)	0.84
" Dosage was adjusted, based on the ambulatory ECG, to maintain arrhythmia suppression at the lowest possible amiodarone dose and, hence, because of the extremely long half-life of amiodarone, patients were rarely in a true steady state."	( Amiodarone: correlation of serum concentration with suppression of complex ventricular ectopic activity. Blumer, J; Mostow, ND; Noon, DL; Rakita, L; Vrobel, TR, 1984)	0.27
" Monitoring serum amiodarone concentrations may differentiate failure of drug therapy from suboptimal dosing and reduce the incidence of concentration-related side effects."	( Steady-state serum amiodarone concentrations: relationships with antiarrhythmic efficacy and toxicity. Belhassen, B; Greenspan, AM; Greenspon, AJ; Horowitz, LN; Rotmensch, HH; Shoshani, D; Spielman, SR; Swanson, BN; Vlasses, PH, 1984)	0.27
" The deposits are in the corneal epithelium basal cell layer, and occur in stages (mild, moderate, and severe), which seem to correlate with dosage and duration of treatment."	( Amiodarone-induced corneal deposits. Cappaert, WE; Kaplan, LJ, 1984)	0.27
" bolus of amiodarone, during 1 month of chronic oral dosing and after the discontinuation of the drug."	( Amiodarone kinetics after single i.v. bolus and multiple dosing in healthy volunteers. Aarons, L; Latini, R; Neyroz, P; Riva, E; Urso, R, 1984)	0.27
" On the other hand digitalis administered according to age, sex, weight, kidney function, together with amiodarone, can be given at full dosage in patients without cardiac failure."	( [Pharmacological and clinical research on the interaction of digitalis and amiodarone in heart disease patients with varying degrees of cardiac insufficiency]. Aquili, C; Ferrari, M; Fornaro, G; Fortina, A; Padrini, R; Piovan, D; Rossi, P; Tomassini, G, 1984)	0.27
" Drug or metabolite concentrations in plasma and RBCs correlated directly with daily dosage of amiodarone."	( Plasma and red blood cell concentrations of amiodarone during chronic therapy. Heger, JJ; Prystowsky, EN; Solow, EB; Zipes, DP, 1984)	0.27
"The concentrations of amiodarone (Cordarone) and desethylamiodarone in plasma after single oral and intravenous and long-term oral dosing were determined in seven normal subjects and 106 patients with various cardiac arrhythmias, respectively, using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method."	( Pharmacokinetics and body distribution of amiodarone in man. Maes, RA; Plomp, TA; Robles de Medina, EO; van Lier, T; van Rossum, JM, 1984)	0.27
" Amiodarone dosage during the first 2 to 4 weeks of treatment was 800 to 1600 mg/day."	( Clinical efficacy of amiodarone in treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Heger, JJ; Prystowsky, EN; Zipes, DP, 1983)	0.27
"The relationships between size of loading dose and drug concentration, size of maintenance dose and drug concentration, and pulmonary and cutaneous adverse side effects and drug dosage were examined in patients given amiodarone."	( Relationships between amiodarone dosage, drug concentrations, and adverse side effects. Heger, JJ; Prystowsky, EN; Zipes, DP, 1983)	0.27
" We conclude that amiodarone is highly effective in high-risk patients with complex refractory cardiac arrhythmias, and that close monitoring and prompt recognition of side effects and appropriate adjustment of dosage or institution of supplemental or replacement therapy (in less than 5% of patients) will allow continuation of amiodarone."	( Evaluation of amiodarone therapy in the treatment of drug-resistant cardiac arrhythmias: long-term follow-up. Hamer, A; Mandel, WJ; Peter, T; Weiss, D, 1983)	0.27
"The available data concerning amiodarone dosing may be summarized as follows: (1) there is an empirically demonstrated improvement in lag before onset of antiarrhythmic effect if amiodarone is given initially in large "loading" doses."	( Amiodarone dosing: a proposal based on its pharmacokinetics. McAllister, CB; Roden, DM; Siddoway, LA; Wilkinson, GR; Woosley, RL, 1983)	0.27
" Initial symptomatic response followed high dosage corticosteroid and immunosuppressant treatment, but reduction in the dosage of corticosteroids was achieved only by successive plasma exchange with concomitant reduction in plasma concentrations of both amiodarone and immune complexes."	( Amiodarone associated alveolitis and polyarthropathy. Treatment by plasma exchange. Douglas, AC; Paton, L; Russell, DC, 1983)	0.27
" The initial dosage of A was 1200 mg daily for 5 days to achieve saturation, followed by a maintenance dose of 200-400 mg daily."	( [Interaction of amiodarone and digoxin]. Nager, F; Nager, G, 1983)	0.27
" Although there was a strong correlation between the dosage given (mg/kg/day) and both plasma and myocardial concentrations, the correlation with the percentage increase in the QTc interval was weaker but still highly significant."	( The QT interval: a predictor of the plasma and myocardial concentrations of amiodarone. Bexton, RS; Camm, AJ; Debbas, NM; Demaille, JG; du Cailar, C; Puech, P, 1984)	0.27
"Mild pleuroparenchymal fibrosis associated with amiodarone pulmonary toxicity is reported in a 63-year-old white man; partial radiographic resolution and complete symptomatic resolution with decreasing the daily dosage to 200 mg permitted continued anti arrhythmic therapy."	( Pulmonary toxicity of amiodarone. Gallastegui, J; Leech, JA; Swiryn, S, 1984)	0.27
" It is suggested that patients taking amiodarone in high dosage for long periods have their eyes and retinal function monitored."	( Amiodarone-induced ultrastructural changes in human eyes. Ghosh, M; McCulloch, C, 1984)	0.27
" In the present study we determined the time-course and dose-response effects of 6-MeO-THbetaC for blockade of AGS."	( Effects of 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline (6-MeO-THbetaC) on audiogenic seizures in DBA/2J mice. Buckholtz, NS; Sparks, DL, 1980)	0.26
"0005) regarding total digoxine dosage and length of treatment."	( [Short-term therapy of atrial fibrillation with an association of digitalis and amiodarone (author's transl)]. Bueno, J; del Río, A; Ferreira, JI; Ramos, F; Ruiz, C, 1980)	0.26
"We recently reported that certain hydroxylated PCB (OH-CB) metabolites were selectively retained in blood of rats experimentally dosed with PCB (Aroclor 1254), and also in blood of seals and humans environmentally exposed to PCBs."	( [Preliminary studies on the retention of hydroxylated PCDF metabolites in rat blood]. Bergman, A; Ishimura, N; Klasson-Wehler, E; Kuroki, H; Masuda, Y, 1995)	0.29
"It has been reported previously that the tetrahydropyranyl naphthtalenic lignan lactone L-702,539 is a potent nonredox, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor that has the advantage that it can be dosed either as the lactone or as the corresponding nonactive hydroxy acid L-702,618 (opened lactone)."	( In vitro and in vivo biotransformations of the naphthalenic lignan lactone 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, L-702,539. Chauret, N; Ducharme, Y; Li, C; Nicoll-Griffith, DA; Ramachandran, C; Trimble, LA; Yergey, JA, 1995)	0.29
" However, there was a mild increase in the Q-Tc interval throughout the treatment period at 4 hours postdosing in monkeys in the middle- and high-dose groups and a slight increase prior to dosing in animals in the high-dose group."	( Chronic toxicity of zatosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, in rhesus monkeys. Adams, E; Bendele, A; Hanasono, G; Means, J; Schmalz, C; Shoufler, J; Symanowski, J, 1995)	0.29
"The aim of this study was to design a parenteral dosage form for the investigational cytotoxic drug carzelesin."	( Pharmaceutical development of a parenteral formulation of the novel anti-tumor agent carzelesin (U-80,244). Beijnen, JH; Bult, A; de Graaff-Teulen, MJ; Henrar, RE; Jonkman-de Vries, JD; Kettenes-van den Bosch, JJ, 1994)	0.29
" Parallel displacements in AII dose-response curves occurred without any reduction in the maximum response to AII."	( Pharmacological effects of GR138950, a novel angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonist. Drew, GM; Hilditch, A; Hunt, AA; Judd, DB; Middlemiss, D; Polley, J; Robertson, MJ; Ross, BC; Travers, A, 1995)	0.29
" We examined the time course and dose-response relationships for induction of CYP1A1 mRNA, protein, and catalytic activity by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) in the marine fish Stenotomus chrysops (scup)."	( Regulation of cytochrome P4501A1 in teleosts: sustained induction of CYP1A1 mRNA, protein, and catalytic activity by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in the marine fish Stenotomus chrysops. Hahn, ME; Stegeman, JJ, 1994)	0.29
" Plasma concentrations of zatosetron and its 3-hydroxy metabolite increased with increasing dose and duration of dosing in both males and females during the first 6 months of dosing."	( Chronic toxicity, metabolism, and pharmacokinetics of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist zatosetron (LY277359) in Fischer 344 rats. Bendele, AM; Buenger, DA; Hanasono, GK; McGrath, JP; Schmalz, CA, 1994)	0.29
" Dose-response curves were generated for both delta 9-THC (i."	( Interactions between delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and kappa opioids in mice. Martin, BR; Smith, PB; Welch, SP, 1994)	0.29
" This risk assessment incorporated current scientific knowledge into hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterisation sections, according to the four-step framework used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency."	( Assessment of dioxin-related health risks for the Melbourne metropolitan area. Baller, J; Carlo, GL; Sund, KG, 1993)	0.29
" Treatments were initially scheduled every 3 weeks, but the prolonged myelosuppression observed necessitated a final dosing interval of every 6 weeks."	( Phase I study of adozelesin administered by 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion. Earhart, RH; Fleming, GF; Hoffman, PC; Kasunic, DA; O'Brien, SM; Ratain, MJ; Richards, JM; Schilsky, RL; Vogelzang, NJ, 1994)	0.29
" The data were compared with a dose-response curve for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)."	( Teratogenic potency of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran and of three mixtures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in mice. Problems with risk assessment using TCDD toxic-equivalency factors. Golor, G; Hagenmaier, H; Nagao, T; Neubert, D, 1993)	0.49
" This dose-ranging trial of intravenous RG 12915 was performed to determine the optimal dosage and adverse effects and to observe for antiemetic effects in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy."	( Dose-ranging antiemetic evaluation of the serotonin antagonist RG 12915 in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy. Baltzer, L; Kris, MG; Pisters, KM; Rigas, JR; Tyson, LB; Vreeland, F, 1993)	0.29
"Hepatic porphyrin accumulation was studied after subchronic dosing of female B6C3F1 mice by gavage with single congeners of polychlorinated or polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs, PBDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)."	( Relative potencies of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls derived from hepatic porphyrin accumulation in mice. Akins, JM; Birnbaum, LS; DeVito, MJ; Diliberto, JJ; Ross, DG; van Birgelen, AP, 1996)	0.72
" The fish were dosed orally with [3H]TCDF (1 microgram/kg); tissue were harvested at 3, 7, and 14 days for radioassay."	( Disposition and metabolism of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran by channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Kumar, S; Maslanka, R; Sikka, HC; Steward, AR; Stuart, KG, 1996)	0.29
" Signs of toxicity following exposure of newly fertilized eggs to the mixture or to TCDD were indistinguishable; sac fry mortality associated with blue-sac disease, and slopes of the dose-response curves for percentage sac fry mortality versus egg TEC or versus egg TCDD were parallel."	( Potency of a complex mixture of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and biphenyl congeners compared to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in causing fish early life stage mortality. Butterworth, BC; Cook, PM; Peterson, RE; Walker, MK; Zabel, EW, 1996)	0.29
"We determined the relative potency of these drugs with respect to their effects on mean arterial pressure and heart rate by performing cumulative intravenous dose-response relationship studies in six conscious rabbits."	( Relative importance of central imidazoline receptors for the antihypertensive effects of moxonidine and rilmenidine. Chan, CK; Head, GA, 1996)	0.29
" The soil and dust extracts produced similar dose-response relationships for 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase, 7-pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase, 7-benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase, and 4-nitrophenol UDP-glucuronyltransferase induction; the dose response for the air extract deviated from the other two extracts."	( Enzyme induction and acute endocrine effects in prepubertal female rats receiving environmental PCB/PCDF/PCDD mixtures. Hansen, LG; Li, MH, 1996)	0.29
" Dose-response curves were obtained for each drug individually; for morphine:clonidine at 1:3, 1:1, and 1:0."	( Interaction of morphine and clonidine on gastrointestinal transit in mice. Pol, O; Puig, MM; Warner, W, 1996)	0.29
" Its disposition was studied in rats and rhesus monkeys after dosing with a 3H- or 14C-labeled compound intravenously at 5 mg/kg and orally at 10 mg/kg."	( Orally active inhibitors of human leukocyte elastase. I. Disposition of L-683,845 in rats and rhesus monkeys. Chiu, SH; Cioffe, C; Colletti, AE; Dean, D; Krieter, PA; Luffer-Atlas, D; Lyszack, E; Miller, RR; Painter, SK; Rosegay, A; Vincent, SH, 1996)	0.29
" Regardless of the presence or absence of 7, 8-benzoflavone (ANF) in the blood culture system, we observed a fairly good dose-response relationship between the concentration of the mixture and the induction of micronuclei."	( Induction of micronuclei in cultured human lymphocytes with the mixture of highly toxic organochlorine compounds retained in human body. Hirakawa, H; Iida, T; Matsueda, T; Nagayama, J; Nagayama, M, 1997)	0.3
" It is concluded that serum levels of congener-specific PCBs/PCDFs in exposed women are good indicators of previous exposure and may provide important information for more reliable estimation of dose-response relationship."	( Blood serum levels of PCBs and PCDFs in Yucheng women 14 years after exposure to a toxic rice oil. Guo, YL; Hsu, CC; Lau, BP; Ryan, JJ; Yu, ML, 1997)	0.3
"The dose-response relationships for induction of liver, lung, and skin ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity and liver acetanilide-4-hydroxylase (ACOH) activity following subchronic exposure to either 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (1-PeCDF), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF), or octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF) were determined in female B6C3F1 mice in order to estimate the relative enzyme inducing potency of these chemicals in three different tissues."	( Dose-response relationships for polyhalogenated dioxins and dibenzofurans following subchronic treatment in mice. I. CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 enzyme activity in liver, lung, and skin. Birnbaum, LS; DeVito, MJ; Diliberto, JJ; Menache, MG; Ross, DG, 1997)	0.54
" For a quantitative dose-response analyses, a PCDD/F-blood exposure indicator was constructed from available blood levels for n = 190 workers and its relation to the working times in 14 different production departments."	( Analyses of exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, furans, and hexachlorocyclohexane and different health outcomes in a cohort of former herbicide-producing workers in Hamburg, Germany. Flesch-Janys, D, )	0.13
" These differences cannot be used in the context of a dose-response relationship but should be used in the context of variations in the distribution of PCDD and PCDF levels within different subpopulations."	( Selected other effects and TEFs. Kimbrough, RD, )	0.13
" We hypothesized that this compound ameliorates lung ischemia reperfusion injury even at low dosage levels if administration is optimally timed."	( Delayed administration of low-dose NPC18915 ameliorates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ando, K; Cooper, JD; Fujino, S; Liu, DY; Patterson, GA; Yano, M, 1998)	0.3
" No dose-response relationship was found between 27 Yucheng children's serum PCB/PCDF levels and any of their immunologic markers."	( The immunologic evaluation of the Yucheng children. Chan, WC; Guo, YL; Hsin, JW; Hsu, CC; Yu, ML, )	0.13
" Uncertainties that could compromise the TEF concept were also reviewed, including nonadditive interactions, differences in shape of the dose-response curve, and species responsiveness."	( Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife. Birnbaum, L; Bosveld, AT; Brunström, B; Cook, P; Feeley, M; Giesy, JP; Hanberg, A; Hasegawa, R; Kennedy, SW; Kubiak, T; Larsen, JC; Liem, AK; Nolt, C; Peterson, RE; Poellinger, L; Safe, S; Schrenk, D; Tillitt, D; Tysklind, M; Van den Berg, M; van Leeuwen, FX; Waern, F; Younes, M; Zacharewski, T, 1998)	0.3
" We conclude that adozelesin has marginal efficacy in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer at the dosage and schedule used in this study."	( Phase II study of adozelesin in untreated metastatic breast cancer. Bryan, WJ; Chang, AY; Cristofanilli, M; Gradishar, WJ; Hortobagyi, GN; Kufe, DW; Miller, LL, 1998)	0.3
" In the PHAH-group dosed 1 microgram TEQ/kg body wt/week, the volume fraction of the liver occupied by foci was significantly lower compared to the TEQ equivalent dosed TCDD group (3."	( Induction of altered hepatic foci by a mixture of dioxin-like compounds with and without 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Brouwer, A; Haag-Grönlund, M; Koeman, JH; Scheu, G; van den Berg, M; van der Plas, SA; Wärngård, L; Wester, P, 1999)	0.3
" Mice were dosed (25 microgram [(3)H]TCDD/kg, 300 microgram [(14)C]4-PeCDF/kg, or 35."	( Effects of CYP1A2 on disposition of 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in CYP1A2 knockout and parental (C57BL/6N and 129/Sv) strains of mice. Birnbaum, LS; Burgin, DE; Diliberto, JJ, 1999)	0.3
" Rats were dosed on Day 23 of age at 0900 h with individual congeners (PeCDF, PeCB, TCB) or a mixture of five compounds, which included TCDD, PeCDD, HxCDD, in addition to PeCDF and PeCB."	( Effects of polychlorinated dibenzofurans, biphenyls, and their mixture with dibenzo-p-dioxins on ovulation in the gonadotropin-primed immature rat: support for the toxic equivalency concept. Gao, X; Rozman, KK; Terranova, PF, 2000)	0.6
" A more detailed risk analysis could be carried out by coupling the exposure estimates with a dose-response analysis that accounts for uncertainty."	( Exposure to persistent organochlorines in Canadian breast milk: a probabilistic assessment. Hoover, SM, 1999)	0.3
" Similarly, the potential improvements in tolerability associated with different dosage formulations of oxybutynin, and the clinical utility of S-oxybutynin, are yet to be conclusively demonstrated."	( Muscarinic receptor antagonists in the treatment of overactive bladder. Chapple, CR, 2000)	0.31
" dosage regimens of E 047/1."	( E 047/1: a new class III antiarrhythmic agent. Domanovits, H; Laggner, AN; Lercher, P; Mayrleitner, M; Schillinger, M; Stark, T; Sterz, F; Stix, G, 2000)	0.31
" Dose-response relationships were determined following long-term dietary exposure to 2,3,7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,4,7, 8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3, 7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2, 3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, octachlorodibenzofuran, or mixtures of some of these congeners."	( Relative potency values derived from hepatic vitamin A reduction in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats following subchronic dietary exposure to individual polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran congeners and a mixture thereof. Fattore, E; Håkansson, H; Trossvik, C, 2000)	0.31
" Pharmacokinetic differences between species can significantly influence the TEF value, and uncertainties due to additive or non-additive interactions, to differences in species responsiveness and to differences in the shape of the dose-response curve might hamper the derivation of consensus TEF values."	( Human risk assessment and TEFs. Peterson, RE; Schrenk, D; van den Berg, M, 2000)	0.31
"14C-Labeled furametpyr [N-(1,3-dihydro-1,1, 3-trimethylisobenzofuran-4-yl)-5-chloro-1, 3-dimethylpyrazole-4-carboxamide, Limber] was dosed to male and female rats at 1 (low dose) and 200 or 300 mg/kg (high dose)."	( Metabolism of furametpyr. 2. (14)C excretion, (14)C concentrations in tissues, and amounts of metabolites in rats. Isobe, N; Kaneko, H; Nagahori, H; Nakatsuka, I; Tomigahara, Y; Yoshino, H, 2000)	0.31
" Using bioelectrical impedance measurements of total body fat, 30-50% of the dosed 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF was estimated to be retained by the animals."	( Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran concentrations in beef animals from a feeding study. Anderson, VL; Davison, KL; Feil, VJ; Huwe, JK; Marchello, M; Tiernan, TO; Zaylskie, RG, 2000)	0.31
" The results were used to generate dose-response curves for the determination of the ED(50) for TCDD and each TCDD-like congener."	( Sensitivity of the SRBC PFC assay versus ELISA for detection of immunosuppression by TCDD and TCDD-like congeners. Copeland, CB; DeVito, MJ; Johnson, CW; Smialowicz, RJ; Williams, WC, 2000)	0.31
" It was interfaced via the plug flow coupling device to enable rapid (< 5 min) flow cytometric characterization of the intracellular calcium dose-response profile of U937 cells to formyl peptide."	( Plug flow cytometry extends analytical capabilities in cell adhesion and receptor pharmacology. Edwards, BS; Kuckuck, FW; Okun, A; Prossnitz, ER; Ransom, JT; Sklar, LA, 2001)	0.31
"A large piece of meat taken from a single animal, which had been dosed with five selected PCDD/Fs, was prepared and cooked by a selection of different methods; burgers (fried, grilled, barbecued), roasts (cooked using conventional and microwave ovens) and stews (open pan and pressure cooked)."	( Changes in concentration of five PCDD/F congeners after cooking beef from treated cattle. Harrison, N; Kelly, M; Rose, M; Startin, J; Thorpe, S, )	0.13
" At 5 weeks after dosing commenced, concentrations in sub-cutaneous fat and in perirenal fat were close to 40 ng/kg (a predicted level based on 50% absorption of the dosed compounds)."	( Concentration changes for 5 PCDD/F congeners after administration in beef cattle. Harrison, N; Kelly, M; Rose, M; Startin, J; Thorpe, S, )	0.13
"0 microg/kg of dioxin toxic equivalence (TEQ) by oral gavage on the 15th gestational day (GD 15), using a dosing mixture that contained 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (1-PeCDF), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF), octachlorodibenzofuran (OCDF), 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77), 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 169) in ratios approximating that in food."	( Disposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls in pregnant long evans rats and the transfer to offspring. Birnbaum, LS; Chen, CY; Hamm, JT; Hass, JR, 2001)	0.56
" The observed increase in time to occlusion was abolished when celecoxib was administered to animals dosed with HDA-ER (80."	( Effects of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on vascular responses and thrombosis in canine coronary arteries. Barrett, TD; Crofford, LJ; Driscoll, EM; Hennan, JK; Huang, J; Lucchesi, BR; Park, AM; Willens, DE, 2001)	0.31
" These data suggest that these kappa-agonists may be safely administered in the presence of cocaine but do not produce significant attenuation of cocaine's direct effects or self-administration under these acute dosing conditions."	( Enadoline and butorphanol: evaluation of kappa-agonists on cocaine pharmacodynamics and cocaine self-administration in humans. Bigelow, GE; Geter-Douglas, B; Strain, EC; Walsh, SL, 2001)	0.31
"After 1 week of dosing (prucalopride or placebo in a double-blind, randomized, crossover fashion), colonic pressures were recorded in 10 healthy subjects using a solid-state pressure catheter with six sensors spaced 10 cm apart."	( The effects of the specific 5HT(4) receptor agonist, prucalopride, on colonic motility in healthy volunteers. Akkermans, LM; Andriesse, GI; De Schryver, AM; Gooszen, HG; Samsom, M; Smout, AJ, 2002)	0.31
"0 microg/kg of dioxin toxic equivalents (TEQ) by oral gavage on the 15th gestational day (GD 15), using a dosing mixture that contained two polychlorinated dioxins, four polychlorinated furans and three non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)."	( A mixture of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) changed the lipid content of pregnant Long Evans rats. Albro, PW; Birnbaum, LS; Chen, CY; Hamm, JT; Hass, JR, 2002)	0.56
" Synthesis of HpCDD and OCDD did not occur when PCP-treated wood was fermented with rumen microorganisms, and enhanced concentrations of HpCDD and OCDD were not found in gastrointestinal tract contents of dosed animals."	( Complete mass balance of dietary polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in dairy cattle and characterization of the apparent synthesis of hepta- and octachlorodioxins. Fries, GF; Luksemburg, WJ; Paustenbach, DJ, 2002)	0.55
" In behavioral studies, EMD 68843 produced antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test in both rats and mice but only within a narrow dosage range."	( Behavioral and neurochemical effects of 5-(4-[4-(5-Cyano-3-indolyl)-butyl)-butyl]-1-piperazinyl)-benzofuran-2-carboxamide (EMD 68843): a combined selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake and 5-hydroxytryptamine(1A) receptor partial agonist. Cryan, JF; Dalvi, A; Lucki, I; Manning, DR; Page, ME; Saucy, B; Sullivan, A, 2002)	0.31
"8-fold rightward shift of dose-response curve; P<0."	( Role of endothelin-converting enzyme, chymase and neutral endopeptidase in the processing of big ET-1, ET-1(1-21) and ET-1(1-31) in the trachea of allergic mice. De Campo, BA; Goldie, RG; Henry, PJ; Jeng, AY, 2002)	0.31
" Based on the comparative dissolution data, three formulations were chosen for oral dosing in dogs."	( Assessment of oral bioavailability enhancing approaches for SB-247083 using flow-through cell dissolution testing as one of the screens. Azzarano, LM; Kearney, AS; Palepu, NR; Perng, CY; Smith, BR, 2003)	0.32
" Application of the model equations and comparison of measured and predicted overall efficiencies for the Flemish municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) demonstrate that the approach is meaningful and that the dominant parameters are the operating temperature, the dosage and activity of adsorbent, and the fraction of adsorbent in the filter cake."	( Removal of PCDD/F from incinerator flue gases by entrained-phase adsorption. Basyens, J; Degrève, J; Everaert, K, 2002)	0.31
" Loss of systemic exposure to BMS-214778 upon chronic oral dosing was observed in male rats where exposure was one-half to two-thirds compared to a single dose, while modest decreases in exposure were observed upon chronic dosing in both sexes of monkey."	( Preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of BMS-214778, a novel melatonin receptor agonist. Boulton, DW; Vachharajani, NN; Yeleswaram, K, 2003)	0.32
" The PCDD/F removal by carbonaceous adsorbents is thereafter modeled from first principles for the contribution of both entrained-phase (eta1) and cake filtration (eta2) to the overall efficiency (etaT), with dominant parameters being the operating temperature, the dosage and activity of adsorbent, and the fraction of adsorbent in the filter cake."	( Entrained phase adsorption of PCDD/F from incinerator flue gases. Baeyens, J; Degrève, J; Everaert, K, 2003)	0.32
" Our present study has demonstrated for the first time a dose-response relationship between perinatal PCBs/PCDFs exposure and dental defects."	( Neonatal and childhood teeth in relation to perinatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dibenzofurans: observations of the Yucheng children in Taiwan. Chang, LW; Chen, TT; Guo, YL; Hsu, CC; Hsu, JF; Lambert, GH; Ryan, JJ; Wang, SL, 2003)	0.54
" Because severe toxicities were being reported in other trials at doses that encompassed this range and a cumulative toxicity profile was emerging, the study was suspended and then reinitiated to further reevaluate the lower dosing range."	( A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of ILX-295501, an oral diarylsulfonylurea, on a weekly for 3 weeks every 4-week schedule in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Callaghan, JT; Diab, S; Forouzesh, B; Gazak, R; Goetz, A; Hammond, LA; Rowinsky, EK; Schwartz, G; Smetzer, L; Takimoto, CH; Von Hoff, DD, 2003)	0.32
" The higher PCDD/F concentrations in the tests by FBF were reached when sewage sludge was spiked with a high dosage of a surrogate organic mixture of chlorinated hydrocarbons and when the afterburning chamber was used only as transit equipment with the burner off."	( Dioxins and furans formation in pilot incineration tests of sewage sludge spiked with organic chlorine. Guerriero, E; Mininni, G; Rotatori, M; Sbrilli, A, 2004)	0.32
" Despite a significant decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive mammary cells in 1000 x treated 21-d-old rats, there were no long-term dose-response effects on mammary-gland morphology and tumor development."	( Lack of effects of postnatal exposure to a mixture of aryl hydrocarbon-receptor agonists on the development of methylnitrosourea-induced mammary tumors in sprague-dawley rats. Charbonneau, M; Cole, J; Desaulniers, D; Leingartner, K; Li, M; Musicki, B; Tsang, BK, 2004)	0.32
" The dose-response curves were shifted to the right by muscarinic antagonists in the following order of affinity: darifenacin (M(3))>methocramine (M(2)) >pirenzepine (M(1))."	( Mechanisms mediating cholinergic antral circular smooth muscle contraction in rats. Ouyang, A; Tandon, T; Wrzos, HF, 2004)	0.32
" At a dosage of 30 mg once daily, darifenacin significantly prolonged warning time compared with placebo."	( Darifenacin: in the treatment of overactive bladder. Croom, KF; Keating, GM, 2004)	0.32
" This quantitation method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of salvianolate administrated by intravenous infusion with dosage of 6 mg/kg in beagle dogs."	( Simultaneous determination of magnesium lithospermate B, rosmarinic acid, and lithospermic acid in beagle dog serum by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Jia, J; Li, X; Liu, G; Sun, W; Wang, Y; Yu, C, 2004)	0.32
" Efficacy in this model was maintained for 3 to 6 h and following repeated dosing with ABT-239."	( Pharmacological properties of ABT-239 [4-(2-{2-[(2R)-2-Methylpyrrolidinyl]ethyl}-benzofuran-5-yl)benzonitrile]: II. Neurophysiological characterization and broad preclinical efficacy in cognition and schizophrenia of a potent and selective histamine H3 re Ballard, ME; Bennani, YL; Bitner, RS; Browman, KE; Buckley, MJ; Cowart, MD; Decker, MW; Drescher, KU; Esbenshade, TA; Faghih, R; Fox, GB; Hancock, AA; Komater, VA; Krueger, KM; Lemaire, M; Marsh, K; Miner, H; Pan, JB; Porsolt, RD; Radek, RJ; Rueter, LE; Sullivan, JP; Wetter, J; Yao, BB; Zhang, M, 2005)	0.33
" A dosage suppressor screen identified the budding yeast co-chaperone protein Mge1p as a high copy suppressor of the orc2-1-specific lethal effects of adozelesin, a DNA-alkylating drug."	( Activation of budding yeast replication origins and suppression of lethal DNA damage effects on origin function by ectopic expression of the co-chaperone protein Mge1. Burhans, WC; Feng, L; Trabold, PA; Weinberger, M, 2005)	0.33
"Darifenacin appears to be an effective, well-tolerated and flexible treatment for patients with OAB, allowing individualized dosing according to patient needs."	( An investigation of dose titration with darifenacin, an M3-selective receptor antagonist. Corcos, J; Foote, J; Kralidis, G; Steers, W, 2005)	0.33
"5 and 15 mg doses offering flexibility of dosing for optimal treatment outcome."	( Dose response with darifenacin, a novel once-daily M3 selective receptor antagonist for the treatment of overactive bladder: results of a fixed dose study. Hill, S; Khullar, V; Lheritier, K; Wyndaele, JJ, 2006)	0.33
" Both fixed and flexible darifenacin dosing regimens produce these beneficial effects, which extend to the more vulnerable population of older patients."	( Darifenacin in the treatment of overactive bladder. Haab, F, 2005)	0.33
" A short-term dosing model to examine the effects of environmental mixtures on thyroid homeostasis has been developed."	( Thyroid-hormone-disrupting chemicals: evidence for dose-dependent additivity or synergism. Carchman, RA; Carter, WH; Craft, ES; Crofton, KM; DeVito, MJ; Gennings, C; Hedge, JM; Simmons, JE, 2005)	0.33
" 4-PeCDF RPFs were derived using estimation methods that either did or did not assume parallelism of the 4-PeCDF and TCDD dose-response curves."	( Recommended relative potency factors for 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran: the impact of different dose metrics. Budinsky, RA; Fontaine, D; Landenberger, B; Paustenbach, D; Starr, TB, 2006)	0.33
" The 240 patients in test group A were treated with SSLA 200 mg added in 250 ml of 5% glucose solution for intravenous dripping every day; the 120 patients in test group B were treated with SSLA but the dosage doubled; and the 120 patients in the control group were treated with DSI 20 ml daily in the same method as SSLA was given."	( Clinical non-inferiority trial on treatment of coronary heart disease angina pectoris of Xin-blood stasis syndrome type with lyophilized Salvia salt of lithospermic acid powder for injection. Huang, YS; Liu, AD; Zhang, Q, 2006)	0.33
" Darifenacin was found to have a short terminal elimination half-life after intravenous and immediate-release oral dosage forms (3-4 hours) but this increased with a prolonged-release (PR) formulation (14-16 hours)."	( The clinical pharmacokinetics of darifenacin. Skerjanec, A, 2006)	0.33
" The antagonistic effect of darifenacin against the dose-response curves for pilocarpine appeared to be insurmountable."	( In vivo demonstration of M3 muscarinic receptor subtype selectivity of darifenacin in mice. Maruyama, S; Oki, T; Takagi, Y; Uchida, S; Yamada, S, 2006)	0.33
" Compound 3,3-bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1H,3H-naphtho[1,2-c]furan-1-one (5) showed significant antibacterial activity, no in vitro toxicity, and dose-response effects against Staphylococcus epidermidis (MIC=0."	( Antibacterial agent discovery using thymidylate synthase biolibrary screening. Barlocco, D; Casolari, C; Cavazzuti, A; Costi, MP; Ferrari, S; Gelain, A; Ghelli, S; Guillou, C; Reniero, F; Rossi, T; Ruberto, A; Soragni, F, 2006)	0.33
" This review describes the role of M3 receptors and covers the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, clinical efficacy safety and tolerability, drug interactions, and dosing guidelines for darifenacin."	( Darifenacin: Pharmacology and clinical usage. Steers, WD, 2006)	0.33
"5% chitosan G210) containing the drug were administered nasally to rats by inserting a dosing cannula 7mm into the nasal cavity after which the plasma and brain tissue levels were measured."	( Nasal administration of an angiotensin antagonist in the rat model: effect of bioadhesive formulations on the distribution of drugs to the systemic and central nervous systems. Charlton, ST; Davis, SS; Illum, L, 2007)	0.34
" The dose-response of serum PCDD/Fs by age suggests that the body burden of the chemicals is mainly associated with other sources instead of with inhalation."	( Serum dioxin levels in residents living in the vicinity of municipal waste incinerators in Taiwan. Huang, HY; Jeng, TY; Kuo, CP; Lin, YC; Ma, YC; Sung, FC, 2007)	0.34
" However, its duration is not necessarily correlated with drug plasma levels, on which clinical dosing regimens are often based."	( F15063, a potential antipsychotic with dopamine D(2)/D(3) antagonist, 5-HT(1A) agonist and D(4) partial agonist properties: (IV) duration of brain D2-like receptor occupancy and antipsychotic-like activity versus plasma concentration in mice. Assié, MB; Auclair, A; Bardin, L; Consul-Denjean, N; Depoortère, R; Newman-Tancredi, A; Sautel, F, 2007)	0.34
" This article summarizes the efficacy, contraindications, precautions, dosing and common side effects of these agents."	( Pharmacologic management of overactive bladder. Hilas, O; Lam, S, 2007)	0.34
" Pulmonary CYP1A1-associated 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was increased in all dosed groups."	( Pulmonary lesions in female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats following two-year oral treatment with dioxin-like compounds. Brix, AE; Easterling, M; Jokinen, MP; Miller, RA; Nyska, A; Sells, DM; Walker, NJ; Wyde, ME; Yoshizawa, K, 2007)	0.34
" Dose-response relationships for polyhalogenated dioxins and dibenzofurans following subchronic treatment in mice."	( Relative potency based on hepatic enzyme induction predicts immunosuppressive effects of a mixture of PCDDS/PCDFS and PCBS. Birnbaum, LS; DeVito, MJ; Smialowicz, RJ; Williams, WC, 2008)	0.59
" To test the hypothesis that usnic acid is the proximate cause of death in animals poisoned by lichen, domestic sheep were dosed PO with (+)-usnic acid."	( Toxicity of the lichen secondary metabolite (+)-usnic acid in domestic sheep. Dailey, RN; Ingram, JT; Montgomery, DL; Raisbeck, MF; Siemion, R; Vasquez, M, 2008)	0.35
" A significant dose-response relationship was found for VMR, ADS, and VMS."	( Neurocognitive changes among elderly exposed to PCBs/PCDFs in Taiwan. Guo, NW; Guo, YL; Lin, KC; Tsai, PC; Yang, CY, 2008)	0.35
" However, more comprehensive dose-response studies are required at optimal times for each end point of interest in order to investigate the effect of pharmacokinetic differences on relative potencies that are important in establishing TEFs."	( Comparative temporal toxicogenomic analysis of TCDD- and TCDF-mediated hepatic effects in immature female C57BL/6 mice. Boverhof, DR; Budinsky, RA; Burgoon, LD; Dere, E; N'Jai, A; Rowlands, JC; Stebbins, KE; Tan, YS; Zacharewski, TR, 2008)	0.35
" The cause-effect relationship and dose-response relationship between the chemical concentrations of AhR agonists and observed EROD activity were examined."	( Identification of ah receptor agonists in soil of E-waste recycling sites from Taizhou area in China. Chen, X; Chen, Y; Huang, S; Qiao, M; Setty, K; Shen, C; Shi, D; Shi, J; Tang, X; Wang, Z; Yu, C; Zhu, Y, 2008)	0.35
" This hypothesis was further established with methyllycaconitine completely inhibited the agonist effect when dosed intrathecally (1% +/- 7%)."	( Activation of the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor reverses complete freund adjuvant-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat via a central site of action. Billinton, A; Bingham, S; Chessell, IP; Clayton, NM; Hatcher, JP; Hille, CJ; Medhurst, SJ, 2008)	0.35
" This resulted for multiple reasons: First, the exposure estimate was conservative, and second, the predominantly PCDF congener mixture present in the TR appeared to be less potent than predicted from TEQs based on dose-response comparisons."	( Exposure and effects assessment of resident mink (Mustela vison) exposed to polychlorinated dibenzofurans and other dioxin-like compounds in the Tittabawassee River basin, Midland, Michigan, USA. Beckett, KJ; Giesy, JP; Kay, DP; Khim, JS; Moore, J; Newsted, JL; Roark, SA; Zwiernik, MJ, 2008)	0.57
" Our results suggest a reduction in the daily dosage of talniflumate when taken with food."	( Effect of food on systemic exposure to niflumic acid following postprandial administration of talniflumate. Bang, JS; Kang, W; Kim, EY; Kim, K; Kwon, KI; Yoon, YR, 2008)	0.35
" By using a toxicokinetic model for 4-PeCDF, the dose-response relationship for combined liver tumors (hepatocellular adenomas and cholangiocarcinomas) in rats was assessed in terms of lifetime average liver concentration and lifetime average adipose concentration with data from both the lifetime and the stop-exposure components of the bioassay."	( Estimates of cancer potency of 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran using both nonlinear and linear approaches. Aylward, LL; Budinsky, RA; Kirman, CR; Long, TF; Rowlands, JC; Simon, T, 2008)	0.35
" And the optimum of reaction time, velocity of agitation, dosage of Novozyme 435 and acetic anhydride to 3-n-butylphtrhalide molar ratio were 48 hours, 150 rpm, 8 mg/mL and 8:1, respectively."	( Novozyme 435-catalyzed efficient acylation of 3-n-butylphthalide in organic medium. He, L; Sun, J; Sun, Z; Xu, Y; Zheng, C, 2008)	0.35
" The current findings not only identified the usefulness of sodium caprate for the improved delivery of Danshen product but also demonstrated the importance of biopharmaceutics characterization in the dosage form development of traditional Chinese medicine."	( Effect of sodium caprate on the oral absorptions of danshensu and salvianolic acid B. Chow, MS; Zhou, L; Zuo, Z, 2009)	0.35
" Primary hepatocyte cultures from Atlantic salmon were exposed for 24h and qPCR was employed to create CYP1A dose-response curves and to quantify the transcriptional levels of eight genes (CYP1A, UDPGT, HSP70, GR, GPX, MnSOD, GST and p53)."	( Factorial design applied for multiple endpoint toxicity evaluation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) hepatocytes. Eide, I; Olsvik, PA; Søfteland, L, 2009)	0.35
" Automated dose-response modeling (ToxResponse Modeler) identified a total of 1027 and 837 genes with either a sigmoidal, exponential, linear, Gaussian, or quadratic dose-response relationship 72 h after treatment in TCDD and TCDF, respectively."	( Automated dose-response analysis of the relative hepatic gene expression potency of TCDF in C57BL/6 mice. Budinsky, RA; Burg, AR; Burgoon, LD; Dere, E; Ding, Q; N'jai, A; Rowlands, JC; Stebbins, KE; Zacharewski, TR, 2009)	0.35
" Increases in the incidence of acute and/or chronic active inflammation of the uterus were observed in all dosed groups, including the stop-exposure group (withdrawal after thirty-week exposure) of PeCDF and the 1,000 microg/kg and/or higher group dosed with PCB153."	( Reproductive lesions in female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats following two-year oral treatment with dioxin and dioxin-like compounds. Brix, AE; Jokinen, MP; Kissling, GE; Nyska, A; Orzech, DP; Sells, DM; Walker, NJ; Wyde, M; Yoshizawa, K, 2009)	0.35
"0 mg/kg) attenuated the priming effects of cocaine, shifting the cocaine dose-response function rightward and downward."	( Attenuation of cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking in squirrel monkeys: kappa opioid and serotonergic mechanisms. Platt, DM; Rowlett, JK; Rüedi-Bettschen, D; Spealman, RD, 2010)	0.36
" There was no additional benefit with the 4 mg/day over the 2 mg/day dosage of prucalopride."	( Prucalopride. Frampton, JE, 2009)	0.35
" The dose-response curve for ET-1 was shifted to the left in the diabetics, so that at some lower doses of ET-1 the vasoconstriction was greater than in the controls."	( Diabetes-associated changes and role of N epsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine in big ET-1-induced coronary vasoconstriction. Kamata, K; Kobayashi, T; Matsumoto, T; Ozawa, Y; Taguchi, K, 2010)	0.36
" It was able to inhibit the biomarker phosphorylation for 8h when dosed at 25 mg/kg iv."	( 5-ureidobenzofuranone indoles as potent and efficacious inhibitors of PI3 kinase-alpha and mTOR for the treatment of breast cancer. Anderson, JT; Ayral-Kaloustian, S; Brooijmans, N; Das, S; Hollander, I; Lucas, J; Mallon, R; Nguyen, T; Venkatesan, AM; Yu, K; Zhang, N, 2010)	0.36
" SA elicitation on the phenolic acid accumulation was depended upon the application dosage and the time-duration."	( Accumulation of salicylic acid-induced phenolic compounds and raised activities of secondary metabolic and antioxidative enzymes in Salvia miltiorrhiza cell culture. Dong, J; Liang, Z; Wan, G, 2010)	0.36
" The goats dosed with 20 mg/kg and higher also developed myocardial degeneration and necrosis."	( Experimental rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) toxicosis in goats. Davis, TZ; Green, BT; Hall, JO; Lee, ST; Stegelmeier, BL, 2010)	0.36
" The dosage formulation SAB@MSNs-RhB effectively protected the loaded drug SAB from decomposition."	( An anti-ROS/hepatic fibrosis drug delivery system based on salvianolic acid B loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Chen, F; Guo, L; He, Q; Shi, J; Zhang, J; Zhu, Z, 2010)	0.36
" Automated dose-response modeling (ToxResponse Modeler) of the microarray data identified 210 TCDF and 40 PCB126 genes that exhibited sigmoidal dose-response curves with comparable slopes when compared with TCDD."	( Automated dose-response analysis and comparative toxicogenomic evaluation of the hepatic effects elicited by TCDD, TCDF, and PCB126 in C57BL/6 mice. Budinsky, RA; Burg, AR; Burgoon, LD; Harkema, JR; Ibrahim-Aibo, D; Kopec, AK; Lee, AW; Potter, D; Rowlands, JC; Sharratt, B; Tashiro, C; Zacharewski, TR, 2010)	0.36
" Furthermore, an alternative factor, the relative threshold factor (RTF) based on the low end (threshold) of the dose-response curve, was calculated."	( Analysis of the CYP1A1 mRNA dose-response in human keratinocytes indicates that relative potencies of dioxins, furans, and PCBs are species and congener specific. Bodreddigari, S; Carlson, EA; Silkworth, JB; Sutter, CH; Sutter, TR, 2010)	0.36
"4% (v/v) water content, temperature of 30 °C, 8 mg/mL dosage of Novozyme 435, 8:1 (0."	( An efficient system for the asymmetric acylation of (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide catalyzed by novozyme 435. Gao, B; He, L; Li, C; Qiu, B, 2010)	0.36
" Moreover, oral dosing with the Mnk inhibitor significantly suppresses outgrowth of experimental B16 melanoma pulmonary metastases as well as growth of subcutaneous HCT116 colon carcinoma xenograft tumors, without affecting body weight."	( Therapeutic inhibition of MAP kinase interacting kinase blocks eukaryotic initiation factor 4E phosphorylation and suppresses outgrowth of experimental lung metastases. Dowless, MS; Dumstorf, CA; Ellis, KE; Furic, L; Graff, JR; Iversen, PW; Konicek, BW; McCann, DJ; McNulty, AM; Parsons, S; Peery, RB; Pelletier, J; Robichaud, N; Sonenberg, N; Stancato, LF; Stephens, JR; Yingling, JM, 2011)	0.37
" Some of these considerations included low dosing volumes (≤0."	( Solution formulation development of a VEGF inhibitor for intravitreal injection. Gukasyan, HJ; Khamphavong, P; Marra, MT; Sueda, K; Wisniecki, P, 2011)	0.37
" Pesticides contamination should be considered in some hotpots where special and over dosed pesticides has been sprayed especially in developing countries."	( Influence of pesticides contamination on the emission of PCDD/PCDF to the land from open burning of corn straws. Deng, S; Huang, J; Yu, G; Zhang, T, 2011)	0.37
" The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the ocular pharmacokinetics of mapracorat after topical dosing over a range of dose levels in rabbits and monkeys."	( Ocular pharmacokinetics of mapracorat, a novel, selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist, in rabbits and monkeys. Lowe, ER; Proksch, JW; Ward, KW, 2011)	0.37
" Body and relative organ masses of quail, pheasants, and chickens dosed in ovo with TCDD, PeCDF, or TCDF were not consistently affected."	( Developmental and posthatch effects of in ovo exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PECDF, and 2,3,7,8-TCDF in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), and white leghorn chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) embryos. Bursian, SJ; Cohen-Barnhouse, AM; Fitzgerald, SD; Giesy, JP; Jones, PD; Kay, D; Kennedy, SW; Link, JE; Newsted, JL; Wiseman, S; Zwiernik, MJ, 2011)	0.37
" At the recommended dosage of 40 mg/day, vilazodone was effective in the short-term treatment of MDD in adults, as evidenced by significant improvements versus placebo on multiple measures of depression, including the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D-17), in two pivotal, 8-week, randomized, double-blind, phase III studies."	( Vilazodone: in major depressive disorder. Frampton, JE, 2011)	0.37
" Evening dosing resulted in significant dose-dependent improvement in latency to persistent sleep, total sleep time and wake after sleep onset as measured by polysomnography."	( Phase I studies on the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SB-649868, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist. Alexander, R; Bettica, P; Gomeni, R; Nucci, G; Pyke, C; Ratti, E; Squassante, L; Zamuner, S, 2012)	0.38
" In liver sections of 200 and 240 mg/kg dosage groups, widespread hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes was observed."	( A metabonomic characterization of (+)-usnic acid-induced liver injury by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling of the plasma and liver in rat. Fan, X; Jin, T; Lu, X; Tian, Y; Xiao, S; Zhao, Q, 2011)	0.37
" Two-photon irradiation of single astrocytes evoked intracellular calcium signals that required 10% of the energy dosage compared to nitroveratyl (NV)-IP(3)."	( Synthesis and characterization of cell-permeant 6-nitrodibenzofuranyl-caged IP3. Buskila, Y; Ellis-Davies, GC; Kantevari, S, 2012)	0.38
"In the MAIA trial, 673 patients with AF/AFL recently converted to sinus rhythm were randomly assigned to receive 50, 100, 200, or 300 mg once-daily dosing of celivarone; 200 mg daily of amiodarone preceded by a loading dose of 600 mg for 10 days; or placebo."	( Celivarone for maintenance of sinus rhythm and conversion of atrial fibrillation/flutter. Aliot, EM; Capucci, A; Connolly, SJ; Crijns, H; Hohnloser, SH; Khitri, AR; Kowey, PR; Kulakowski, P; Radzik, D; Roy, D, 2012)	0.38
" Similar graded dose-response trends were found for cardiovascular and cancer mortality which did not reach statistical significance."	( Environmental exposure to dioxin-like compounds and the mortality risk in the U.S. population. Caffrey, JL; Chang, MH; Faramawi, MF; Hsu, PC; Lin, JW; Lin, YS, 2012)	0.38
" Vilazodone hydrochloride therapy should be initiated at a dosage of 10 mg once daily and incrementally adjusted over 14 days to the recommended target daily dose of 40 mg; for optimal bioavailability and effectiveness, it should be taken after a light or high-fat meal."	( Vilazodone: a novel antidepressant. Choi, E; Ehret, MJ; Zmarlicka, M, 2012)	0.38
" Adverse effects are mostly mild-moderate and most GI type AEs disappear in about one week, at a time when all patients are still on a clinically suboptimal daily dosage (10 mg/d during the first week)."	( Evidence for the use of vilazodone in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Lohoff, FW; Mandos, LA; Reinhold, JA; Rickels, K, 2012)	0.38
"Toxic equivalents of PCDDs/PCDFs and total dioxins showed significant inverse dose-response relationships with atopic dermatitis, after adjustments for potential confounders."	( Association between blood levels of PCDDs/PCDFs/dioxin-like PCBs and history of allergic and other diseases in the Japanese population. Arisawa, K; Hasegawa, M; Juta, T; Katsuura, S; Kodama, K; Mori, K; Morinaga, K; Nagai, M; Nakamoto, M; Sakai, T; Satoh, H; Sawachika, F; Shima, M; Sumiyoshi, Y; Suzuki, T; Takami, H; Tanto, M; Toda, E; Uemura, H; Yamaguchi, M, 2013)	0.39
" Our results indicated that there was a dose-response relationship between PCDD/F exposure and cancer mortality among foundry workers."	( Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and their association with cancer mortality among workers in one automobile foundry factory. Chen, W; Qi, C; Shi, T; Sun, G; Wang, L; Wen, S; Weng, S; Zeng, Y, 2013)	0.66
" It has a narrow therapeutic dosing range whose upper boundary is close to that producing intolerable gastrointestinal and central nervous system adverse events."	( Vilazodone hydrochloride, a combined SSRI and 5-HT1A receptor agonist for major depressive disorder. Guay, DR, 2012)	0.38
"To make an informed benefit-risk evaluation of a drug, a range of doses needs to be evaluated and its dose-response and exposure-response relationships for safety and effectiveness assessed during drug development (International Conference on Harmonisation E4)."	( Is this the dose for you?: the role of modeling. Bhattaram, A; Huang, SM; Mehrotra, N; Wang, Y, 2013)	0.39
" Then an electromyogram (EMG) of the bulbospongiosus (BS) muscle was recorded during electrical stimulation of SBPdn after single intravenous (IV) dosing of DA-8031 and its reference drug, dapoxetine."	( Ejaculatory responses are inhibited by a new chemical entity, DA-8031, in preclinical rodent models of ejaculation. Ahn, GJ; Kang, KK; Kim, H; Kim, SH; Lee, S; Sung, JH, 2013)	0.39
" However, there was no dose-response relationship between that endpoint and concentrations of PCDD/DF."	( Multiple lines of evidence risk assessment of American robins exposed to polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFS) and polychlorinated dibenzo-P-dioxins (PCDDS) in the Tittabawassee River floodplain, Midland, Michigan, USA. Bradley, PW; Bursian, SJ; Coefield, SJ; Fredricks, TB; Giesy, JP; Kay, DP; Newsted, JL; Roark, SA; Seston, RM; Tazelaar, DL; Zwiernik, MJ, 2013)	0.61
" Maximum reductions in viable count against MSSA 29213 and MRSA S186 were approximately 4 logs, achieved by 450 mg q12h (fAUC/MIC = 1875) dosing at 28 hours."	( Activity of AFN-1252, a novel FabI inhibitor, against Staphylococcus aureus in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model simulating human pharmacokinetics. Forrest, A; Harigaya, Y; Lesse, AJ; Ngo, D; Tsuji, BT, 2013)	0.39
" AFN-1252 was therapeutically effective, and the exposure (area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 48 h [AUC(0-48)]) of AFN-1252 in the pouch fluid was comparable to the plasma levels in orally dosed animals."	( Perturbation of Staphylococcus aureus gene expression by the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitor AFN-1252. Jackson, P; Kaplan, N; Kukula, M; Parsons, JB; Pulse, M; Rock, CO; Simecka, JW; Valtierra, D; Weiss, WJ, 2013)	0.39
" Different values of RePs are derived, depending on the statistical, curve-fitting methods used to derive them from the dose-response relationships."	( Revised relative potency values for PCDDs, PCDFs, and non-ortho-substituted PCBs for the optimized H4IIE-luc in vitro bioassay. Chung, KH; Giesy, JP; Hilscherová, K; Hong, S; Khim, JS; Lee, JS; Lee, KT, 2013)	0.39
" After seven days of dosing the horse dosed with 60 mg BFK/kg BW horse developed depression, reluctance to eat, dehydration, trembling, and muscle fatigue."	( Experimental rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) toxicosis in horses. Davis, TZ; Green, BT; Hall, JO; Lee, ST; Stegelmeier, BL, 2013)	0.39
"AFN-1252 has the potential for both intravenous and oral administration, once- or twice-daily dosing and good tissue distribution in humans."	( AFN-1252 in vitro absorption studies and pharmacokinetics following microdosing in healthy subjects. Garner, C; Hafkin, B; Kaplan, N, 2013)	0.39
" In this study, the contamination history and recovery of a watercourse heavily loaded by the chemical wood industry were studied by analyzing PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs from vertical sediment samples and by measuring hepatic EROD activity from rainbow trout intraperitoneally dosed with the sediment extracts."	( Vertical distribution of AhR-activating compounds in sediments contaminated by modernized pulp and paper industry. Oikari, A; Ratia, H, 2014)	0.4
" Randomisation was by presence or absence of ribavirin, 8 or 12 weeks of treatment, and dosage of elbasvir."	( Efficacy and safety of 8 weeks versus 12 weeks of treatment with grazoprevir (MK-5172) and elbasvir (MK-8742) with or without ribavirin in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 mono-infection and HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infection (C-WORTHY): a rando Barr, E; Bourliere, M; DeJesus, E; Dutko, F; Gerstoft, J; Haber, B; Hezode, C; Howe, AY; Hwang, P; Kugelmas, M; Mallolas, J; Murillo, A; Nahass, R; Pol, S; Robertson, M; Serfaty, L; Shaughnessy, M; Shibolet, O; Sulkowski, M; Vierling, JM; Wahl, J; Weis, N; Zuckerman, E, 2015)	0.42
" It would require high potency (low effective drug concentrations) and sufficient drug exposures at tolerated doses so that the drug concentration can be maintained above effective drug concentration for target inhibition within the dosing period."	( Discovery of fruquintinib, a potent and highly selective small molecule inhibitor of VEGFR 1, 2, 3 tyrosine kinases for cancer therapy. Cai, H; Cui, Y; Gu, Y; Guo, M; Hong, M; Liang, J; Long, J; Ni, L; Qing, W; Ren, Y; Sai, Y; Su, W; Sun, J; Sun, Q; Yang, H; Yang, Z; Yin, F; Zhang, M; Zhang, W; Zhang, Z; Zhou, F; Zhou, J, 2014)	0.4
" These results provide a meaningful basis for developing a clinical dosage regimen in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis by FZHY."	( Comparative pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution profiles of four major bioactive components in normal and hepatic fibrosis rats after oral administration of Fuzheng Huayu recipe. Liu, CH; Liu, S; Tao, YY; Wang, CH; Yang, T; Zhou, H, 2015)	0.42
" However, the PenCDF dose-response relationship on the wasting syndrome has been superficial."	( [Effect of Cynaropicrin on 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran-induced Wasting Syndrome and Oxidative Stress]. Furue, M; Ishii, Y; Kuroki, H; Mitoma, C; Takeda, T; Uchi, H; Yamada, H; Yamada, K, 2015)	0.42
" Tetradrine-tashionone II(A) -PLGA composite microspheres had slow-release effect, and it could significantly reduce the burst release, prolong the therapeutic time, decrease the dosage of drugs and provide a new idea and method to prepare traditional Chinese medicine compound."	( [Studies on preparation by SPG membrane emulsification method and in vitro characterization of tetradrine-tashionone II(A)-PLGA composite microspheres]. Fu, TM; Guo, LW; Lu, J; Pan, LM; Zhang, M; Zhu, HX, 2015)	0.42
" The in vitro inhibition effect of butylphthalide on 6 main liver microsomal CYP450 isoenzymes was evaluated by using probe drugs; the induction and inhibition activities in vivo of butylphthalide on CYP450 isoenzymes were evaluated by NBP ig dosing (160 mg x kg(-1)) and iv dosing (20 mg x kg(-1)) in rats."	( [Interaction of butylphthalide with rat and human liver CYP450 isoenzymes]. Hu, JP; Hu, P; Jiang, J; Li, Y; Zhao, Q, 2015)	0.42
" A dosage (25 mg/kg) was chosen to explore the neuroprotective mechanisms of salviaolate."	( Salviaolate Protects Rat Brain from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase. Liu, B; Lou, Z; Luo, XJ; Ma, QL; Peng, J; Peng, JJ; Ren, KD; Ren, X; Tan, B; Yang, J; Yang, ZB, 2015)	0.42
"5-9 h when dosed twice in a single dosing day."	( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release tablets in healthy subjects. Hafkin, B; Hunt, TL; Kaplan, N, 2015)	0.42
" AFN-1252 has the potential for once or twice-a-day dosing for treatment of staphylococcal infections."	( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release tablets in healthy subjects. Hafkin, B; Hunt, TL; Kaplan, N, 2015)	0.42
" AFN-1252 has potential for once- or twice-daily dosing in the treatment of staphylococcal infections."	( Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of multiple oral doses of AFN-1252 administered as immediate release (IR) tablets in healthy subjects. Hafkin, B; Hunt, T; Kaplan, N, 2016)	0.43
" The key variables selected were the concentration of dioxins in n-hexane and the dosage of activated carbon."	( Adsorption of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans on activated carbon from hexane. Buekens, A; Cen, KF; Li, XD; Ni, MJ; Zhou, XJ, 2016)	0.69
" BP in distilled non-genetically modified Soybean oil was administered intragastrically three times a day at a dosage of 15 mg/(kg day) beginning at 20 min after I/R in Sprague-Dawley rats."	( Butylphthalide Suppresses Neuronal Cells Apoptosis and Inhibits JNK-Caspase3 Signaling Pathway After Brain Ischemia /Reperfusion in Rats. Guo, JQ; Huang, XJ; Liu, HZ; Liu, Y; Qi, DS; Song, YJ; Tang, M; Wang, SL; Wang, YL; Wang, YW; Wen, XR; Wu, J; Zhang, F; Zhang, XB, 2016)	0.43
" Exposure levels of both compound 1 and Sal B were higher than compound 2 in the same dosage range."	( Development and validation of a UFLC-MS/MS method for determination of 7'(Z)-(8″S, 8‴S)-epi-salvianolic acid E, (7'R, 8'R, 8″S, 8‴S)-epi-salvianolic acid B and salvianolic acid B in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Huang, J; Liu, X; Miao, J; Sun, G; Sun, H; Sun, W; Tong, L; Xie, X; Xu, J, 2016)	0.43
" The UA-Lipo may be used as a dosage form to improve the antimycobacterial activity of RIF, a first-line drug for the treatment of infections caused by Mtb."	( Effects of the encapsulation of usnic acid into liposomes and interactions with antituberculous agents against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis clinical isolates. Cavalcanti, IM; Ferraz-Carvalho, RS; Linhares, LA; Lira-Nogueira, MC; Montenegro, LM; Pereira, MA; Santos-Magalhães, NS, 2016)	0.43
" Finally, qualitative profiling of circulating metabolites in humanized chimeric mice dosed with PF-04937319 or M1 also revealed the presence of a carbinolamide metabolite, identified in the clinical study as a human-specific metabolite."	( Simulation of human plasma concentration-time profiles of the partial glucokinase activator PF-04937319 and its disproportionate N-demethylated metabolite using humanized chimeric mice and semi-physiological pharmacokinetic modeling. Chijiwa, H; Ishiguro, T; Ito, S; Kalgutkar, AS; Kamimura, H; Mitsui, M; Ninomiya, SI; Nishinoaki, S; Okuzono, T; Suemizu, H; Yamamoto, Y; Yamazaki, H, 2017)	0.46
" Although the pharmacology of ROMK channels is still being developed, channel inhibitors have been identified and shown to cause natriuresis and diuresis, in the absence of any significant kaliuresis, on acute oral dosing to rats or dogs."	( The Renal Outer Medullary Potassium Channel Inhibitor, MK-7145, Lowers Blood Pressure, and Manifests Features of Bartter's Syndrome Type II Phenotype. Alonso-Galicia, M; Corona, A; Felix, JP; Garcia, ML; Gill, C; Hampton, C; Kaczorowski, GJ; Kohler, M; Liu, J; Metzger, JM; Ormes, J; Owens, K; Pai, LY; Pasternak, A; Price, O; Priest, BT; Rasa, C; Roy, S; Shah, K; Sullivan, KA; Tang, H; Thomas-Fowlkes, B; Tong, V; Xiao, J; Zhou, X, 2016)	0.43
" The role of the α2C-AR in modulating two key depression-related behaviours in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat was studied using a dose-response analysis following subcutaneous administration with the selective α2C-AR antagonist ORM-10921 (0."	( The α2C-adrenoceptor antagonist, ORM-10921, exerts antidepressant-like effects in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat. Harvey, BH; Sallinen, J; Shahid, M; Uys, MM, 2017)	0.46
"Primary outcome measures were (i) the percentage of samples purchased on-line and (ii) the chemical purity of powders (or dosage per tablet); adulteration; and the price per gram, blotter or tablet of drugs bought on-line compared with drugs bought off-line."	( Purity, adulteration and price of drugs bought on-line versus off-line in the Netherlands. Brunt, TM; van der Gouwe, D; van der Pol, P; van Laar, M, 2017)	0.46
" For two of the derivatives, BT37 and BT122, we observed a consistent dose-response relationship between concentration in the blood meal and oocyst intensity in the midgut."	( A Malaria Transmission-Blocking (+)-Usnic Acid Derivative Prevents Plasmodium Zygote-to-Ookinete Maturation in the Mosquito Midgut. Delves, M; Dinglasan, RR; King, JG; Mathias, DK; Pastrana-Mena, R; Rajaram, K; Trucchi, B; Verotta, L; Yee, R, 2016)	0.43
" Abexinostat is an orally available hydroxamate-containing histone deacetylase inhibitor that differs from approved inhibitors; its unique pharmacokinetic profile and oral dosing schedule, twice daily four hours apart, allows for continuous exposure at concentrations required to efficiently kill tumor cells."	( Safety and efficacy of abexinostat, a pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor, in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a phase II study. Bouabdallah, R; Coiffier, B; Dyer, MJS; Felloussi, Z; Graef, T; Illes, A; Kim, WS; Kloos, I; Lemieux, B; Lim, ST; Luan, Y; Morschhauser, F; Offner, F; Ribrag, V; Vezan, R, 2017)	0.46
" Dosing information is however needed to establish its actual clinical efficacy and its proper effects on the large bowel in these animals."	( Effects of Single-Dose Prucalopride on Intestinal Hypomotility in Horses: Preliminary Observations. Bassotti, G; Faillace, V; Fettucciari, K; Fratini, M; Laus, F; Paggi, E; Spaterna, A; Tesei, B, 2017)	0.46
" More severe adverse events required reduced or discontinued dosing of napabucasin or medication to reverse or manage symptoms."	( Napabucasin: An Update on the First-in-Class Cancer Stemness Inhibitor. Grothey, A; Hubbard, JM, 2017)	0.46
" An initial candidate was potent in vitro against HCV GT1a and GT1b replicons, and induced multi-log reductions in HCV viral load when orally dosed to chronic GT1 infected chimpanzees."	( Development of a New Structural Class of Broadly Acting HCV Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors Leading to the Discovery of MK-8876. Chang, W; Holloway, MK; Lesburg, CA; Li, P; Liverton, N; Ludmerer, SW; McComas, CC; Meinke, PT; Olsen, DB; Palani, A; Peng, X; Soll, RM; Ummat, A; Wu, J; Zorn, N, 2017)	0.46
"Three UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the simultaneous determination of two new Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs, elbasvir (EBV) and grazoprevir (GRV), in their combined pharmaceutical dosage form."	( Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Elbasvir and Grazoprevir in a Pharmaceutical Preparation. Abdelazim, AH; Attia, KAM; El-Abasawi, NM; El-Olemy, A, 2018)	0.48
"The first three UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed of simultaneous determination of two new FDA approved drugs namely; elbasvir and grazoprevir in their combined pharmaceutical dosage form."	( Application of different spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of elbasvir and grazoprevir in pharmaceutical preparation. Abdelazim, AH; Attia, KAM; El-Abasawi, NM; El-Olemy, A, 2018)	0.48
" We observed that 2-BFI significantly ameliorated the learning and memory abilities in rat models with AD by dosage treatment, as demonstrated by the shorten learning latency and greater times of travel across the platform quadrant."	( 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI) improved the impairments in AD rat models by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Chen, R; Tian, JS; Zhai, QJ; Zhao, LD; Zhao, Y, 2017)	0.46
" Elbasvir-grazoprevir undergoes fecal excretion, does not require dosage adjustment in patients with renal impairment, and is contraindicated in moderate and severe hepatic impairment."	( Elbasvir-grazoprevir: A new direct-acting antiviral combination for hepatitis C. Chahine, EB; Karaoui, LR; Mansour, H, 2017)	0.46
" In rats, oral absorption of nanocrystal UA were superior to the ordinary groups, with the 348% of the maximum concentration and 181% of the AUC after the same dosage administration."	( Preparation and evaluation of wet-milled usnic acid nanocrystal suspension for better bioaffinity. Du, X; Qu, C; Tu, P; Zhang, L; Zhang, X; Zhao, Y; Zheng, J, 2018)	0.48
"While the clinical significance of this observation may be limited in highly drug adherent populations, some HCV/HIV coinfected persons may be at greater risk of viral resistance if suboptimal dosing occurs."	( Ultra-Deep Genomic Sequencing of HCV NS5A Resistance-Associated Substitutions in HCV/HIV Coinfected Patients. Abdel-Hameed, EA; Biesiada, J; Boyce, CL; Medvedovic, M; Rouster, SD; Sherman, KE; Zhang, X, 2018)	0.48
" The results demonstrated that uniformity of dosage units of NS-GNDP was acceptable according to the criteria of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015J."	( Improved stability and oral bioavailability of Ganneng dropping pills following transforming lignans of herpetospermum caudigerum into nanosuspensions. Cheng, L; Li, JJ; Qiu, L; Shen, CY; Shen, G; Xu, R; Yuan, HL; Zheng, J, 2018)	0.48
" The transmammary transfer of toxicity to offspring from lactating goats has not been studied, thus the objective of this study was to determine if nursing kids would become poisoned via mother's milk when the dams were dosed with RG."	( Transmammary transfer of toxicity to nursing kids from Isocoma pluriflora (rayless goldenrod) dosed to lactating goats. Davis, TZ; Green, BT; Lee, ST; Pfister, JA; Stegelmeier, BL, 2018)	0.48
" The two drugs were co-formulated for treatment of hepatitis C virus in their combined pharmaceutical dosage form."	( Simultaneous Determination of Elbasvir and Grazoprevir in Their Pharmaceutical Preparation Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method. Abdelazim, AH; Attia, KAM; El-Abasawi, NM; El-Dosoky, M; El-Olemy, A, 2018)	0.48
" Additionally it was possible to reduce prednisolone dosage to 5 mg/day."	( Hepatitis C virus infection: 'beyond the liver'. Arrais de Castro, R; Borges-Costa, J; Tato Marinho, R; Vilas, P, 2018)	0.48
" Group 4 was administered GSH orally in a dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight plus TCDF twice a week for 8 weeks."	( Co-administration of glutathione alleviates the toxic effects of 2,3,7,8 TCDF on the DNA integrity of sperm and in the testes of mice. Abd El-Maguid, DS; El-Amir, YO; Elsharkawy, EE; Yahia, D, 2018)	0.48
"5%) simulated individuals developed alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations, an incidence similar to that observed with 200 mg daily dosing in clinical trials."	( Quantitative Systems Toxicology Analysis of In Vitro Mechanistic Assays Reveals Importance of Bile Acid Accumulation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in TAK-875-Induced Liver Injury. Dragan, YP; Herédi-Szabó, K; Howell, BA; Longo, DM; Mogyorósi, K; Mosedale, M; Siler, SQ; Walker, P; Watkins, PB; Wolenski, FS; Woodhead, JL, 2019)	0.51
"To describe the phase 1 and population pharmacokinetic investigations that support dosing recommendations for elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) in hepatitis C virus-infected people with advanced chronic kidney disease."	( Pharmacokinetics of elbasvir and grazoprevir in subjects with end-stage renal disease or severe renal impairment. Bhagunde, P; Butterton, JR; Caro, L; Du, L; Fandozzi, C; Feng, HP; Guo, Z; Iwamoto, M; Marshall, WL; Panebianco, D; Wenning, L; Yeh, WW, 2019)	0.51
" No dosage adjustment of EBR/GZR is required in people with any degree of renal impairment, including those receiving dialysis."	( Pharmacokinetics of elbasvir and grazoprevir in subjects with end-stage renal disease or severe renal impairment. Bhagunde, P; Butterton, JR; Caro, L; Du, L; Fandozzi, C; Feng, HP; Guo, Z; Iwamoto, M; Marshall, WL; Panebianco, D; Wenning, L; Yeh, WW, 2019)	0.51
" In the perihemorrhagic zone, the numeric density of blood vessels immunolabeled by CD34, an angiogenic marker, was greater in the ICH + NBP10 and ICH + NBP25 than ICH groups, more so in the higher dosage group, at 1, 3, 7 and 15d."	( Dl-3-n-Butylphthalide promotes neovascularization and neurological recovery in a rat model of intracerebral hemorrhage. Chen, Q; Tan, L; Tu, E; Wang, Y, 2020)	0.56
"Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634)."	( Abbasi, S; Abd El-Wahab, A; Abdallah, M; Abebe, G; Aca-Aca, G; Adama, S; Adefegha, SA; Adidigue-Ndiome, R; Adiseshaiah, P; Adrario, E; Aghajanian, C; Agnese, W; Ahmad, A; Ahmad, I; Ahmed, MFE; Akcay, OF; Akinmoladun, AC; Akutagawa, T; Alakavuklar, MA; Álava-Rabasa, S; Albaladejo-Florín, MJ; Alexandra, AJE; Alfawares, R; Alferiev, IS; Alghamdi, HS; Ali, I; Allard, B; Allen, JD; Almada, E; Alobaid, A; Alonso, GL; Alqahtani, YS; Alqarawi, W; Alsaleh, H; Alyami, BA; Amaral, BPD; Amaro, JT; Amin, SAW; Amodio, E; Amoo, ZA; Andia Biraro, I; Angiolella, L; Anheyer, D; Anlay, DZ; Annex, BH; Antonio-Aguirre, B; Apple, S; Arbuznikov, AV; Arinsoy, T; Armstrong, DK; Ash, S; Aslam, M; Asrie, F; Astur, DC; Atzrodt, J; Au, DW; Aucoin, M; Auerbach, EJ; Azarian, S; Ba, D; Bai, Z; Baisch, PRM; Balkissou, AD; Baltzopoulos, V; Banaszewski, M; Banerjee, S; Bao, Y; Baradwan, A; Barandika, JF; Barger, PM; Barion, MRL; Barrett, CD; Basudan, AM; Baur, LE; Baz-Rodríguez, SA; Beamer, P; Beaulant, A; Becker, DF; Beckers, C; Bedel, J; Bedlack, R; Bermúdez de Castro, JM; Berry, JD; Berthier, C; Bhattacharya, D; Biadgo, B; Bianco, G; Bianco, M; Bibi, S; Bigliardi, AP; Billheimer, D; Birnie, DH; Biswas, K; Blair, HC; Bognetti, P; Bolan, PJ; Bolla, JR; Bolze, A; Bonnaillie, P; Borlimi, R; Bórquez, J; Bottari, NB; Boulleys-Nana, JR; Brighetti, G; Brodeur, GM; Budnyak, T; Budnyk, S; Bukirwa, VD; Bulman, DM; Burm, R; Busman-Sahay, K; Butcher, TW; Cai, C; Cai, H; Cai, L; Cairati, M; Calvano, CD; Camacho-Ordóñez, A; Camela, E; Cameron, T; Campbell, BS; Cansian, RL; Cao, Y; Caporale, AS; Carciofi, AC; Cardozo, V; Carè, J; Carlos, AF; Carozza, R; Carroll, CJW; Carsetti, A; Carubelli, V; Casarotta, E; Casas, M; Caselli, G; Castillo-Lora, J; Cataldi, TRI; Cavalcante, ELB; Cavaleiro, A; Cayci, Z; Cebrián-Tarancón, C; Cedrone, E; Cella, D; Cereda, C; Ceretti, A; Ceroni, M; Cha, YH; Chai, X; Chang, EF; Chang, TS; Chanteux, H; Chao, M; Chaplin, BP; Chaturvedi, S; Chaturvedi, V; Chaudhary, DK; Chen, A; Chen, C; Chen, HY; Chen, J; Chen, JJ; Chen, K; Chen, L; Chen, Q; Chen, R; Chen, SY; Chen, TY; Chen, WM; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Cheng, G; Cheng, GJ; Cheng, J; Cheng, YH; Cheon, HG; Chew, KW; Chhoker, S; Chiu, WN; Choi, ES; Choi, MJ; Choi, SD; Chokshi, S; Chorny, M; Chu, KI; Chu, WJ; Church, AL; Cirrincione, A; Clamp, AR; Cleff, MB; Cohen, M; Coleman, RL; Collins, SL; Colombo, N; Conduit, N; Cong, WL; Connelly, MA; Connor, J; Cooley, K; Correa Ramos Leal, I; Cose, S; Costantino, C; Cottrell, M; Cui, L; Cundall, J; Cutaia, C; Cutler, CW; Cuypers, ML; da Silva Júnior, FMR; Dahal, RH; Damiani, E; Damtie, D; Dan-Li, W; Dang, Z; Dasa, SSK; Davin, A; Davis, DR; de Andrade, CM; de Jong, PL; de Oliveira, D; de Paula Dorigam, JC; Dean, A; Deepa, M; Delatour, C; Dell'Aiera, S; Delley, MF; den Boer, RB; Deng, L; Deng, Q; Depner, RM; Derdau, V; Derici, U; DeSantis, AJ; Desmarini, D; Diffo-Sonkoue, L; Divizia, M; Djenabou, A; Djordjevic, JT; Dobrovolskaia, MA; Domizi, R; Donati, A; Dong, Y; Dos Santos, M; Dos Santos, MP; Douglas, RG; Duarte, PF; Dullaart, RPF; Duscha, BD; Edwards, LA; Edwards, TE; Eichenwald, EC; El-Baba, TJ; Elashiry, M; Elashiry, MM; Elashry, SH; Elliott, A; Elsayed, R; Emerson, MS; Emmanuel, YO; Emory, TH; Endale-Mangamba, LM; Enten, GA; Estefanía-Fernández, K; Estes, JD; Estrada-Mena, FJ; Evans, S; Ezra, L; Faria de, RO; Farraj, AK; Favre, C; Feng, B; Feng, J; Feng, L; Feng, W; Feng, X; Feng, Z; Fernandes, CLF; Fernández-Cuadros, ME; Fernie, AR; Ferrari, D; Florindo, PR; Fong, PC; Fontes, EPB; Fontinha, D; Fornari, VJ; Fox, NP; Fu, Q; Fujitaka, Y; Fukuhara, K; Fumeaux, T; Fuqua, C; Fustinoni, S; Gabbanelli, V; Gaikwad, S; Gall, ET; Galli, A; Gancedo, MA; Gandhi, MM; Gao, D; Gao, K; Gao, M; Gao, Q; Gao, X; Gao, Y; Gaponenko, V; Garber, A; Garcia, EM; García-Campos, C; García-Donas, J; García-Pérez, AL; Gasparri, F; Ge, C; Ge, D; Ge, JB; Ge, X; George, I; George, LA; Germani, G; Ghassemi Tabrizi, S; Gibon, Y; Gillent, E; Gillies, RS; Gilmour, MI; Goble, S; Goh, JC; Goiri, F; Goldfinger, LE; Golian, M; Gómez, MA; Gonçalves, J; Góngora-García, OR; Gonul, I; González, MA; Govers, TM; Grant, PC; Gray, EH; Gray, JE; Green, MS; Greenwald, I; Gregory, MJ; Gretzke, D; Griffin-Nolan, RJ; Griffith, DC; Gruppen, EG; Guaita, A; Guan, P; Guan, X; Guerci, P; Guerrero, DT; Guo, M; Guo, P; Guo, R; Guo, X; Gupta, J; Guz, G; Hajizadeh, N; Hamada, H; Haman-Wabi, AB; Han, TT; Hannan, N; Hao, S; Harjola, VP; Harmon, M; Hartmann, MSM; Hartwig, JF; Hasani, M; Hawthorne, WJ; Haykal-Coates, N; Hazari, MS; He, DL; He, P; He, SG; Héau, C; Hebbar Kannur, K; Helvaci, O; Heuberger, DM; Hidalgo, F; Hilty, MP; Hirata, K; Hirsch, A; Hoffman, AM; Hoffmann, JF; Holloway, RW; Holmes, RK; Hong, S; Hongisto, M; Hopf, NB; Hörlein, R; Hoshino, N; Hou, Y; Hoven, NF; Hsieh, YY; Hsu, CT; Hu, CW; Hu, JH; Hu, MY; Hu, Y; Hu, Z; Huang, C; Huang, D; Huang, DQ; Huang, L; Huang, Q; Huang, R; Huang, S; Huang, SC; Huang, W; Huang, Y; Huffman, KM; Hung, CH; Hung, CT; Huurman, R; Hwang, SM; Hyun, S; Ibrahim, AM; Iddi-Faical, A; Immordino, P; Isla, MI; Jacquemond, V; Jacques, T; Jankowska, E; Jansen, JA; Jäntti, T; Jaque-Fernandez, F; Jarvis, GA; Jatt, LP; Jeon, JW; Jeong, SH; Jhunjhunwala, R; Ji, F; Jia, X; Jia, Y; Jian-Bo, Z; Jiang, GD; Jiang, L; Jiang, W; Jiang, WD; Jiang, Z; Jiménez-Hoyos, CA; Jin, S; Jobling, MG; John, CM; John, T; Johnson, CB; Jones, KI; Jones, WS; Joseph, OO; Ju, C; Judeinstein, P; Junges, A; Junnarkar, M; Jurkko, R; Kaleka, CC; Kamath, AV; Kang, X; Kantsadi, AL; Kapoor, M; Karim, Z; Kashuba, ADM; Kassa, E; Kasztura, M; Kataja, A; Katoh, T; Kaufman, JS; Kaupp, M; Kehinde, O; Kehrenberg, C; Kemper, N; Kerr, CW; Khan, AU; Khan, MF; Khan, ZUH; Khojasteh, SC; Kilburn, S; Kim, CG; Kim, DU; Kim, DY; Kim, HJ; Kim, J; Kim, OH; Kim, YH; King, C; Klein, A; Klingler, L; Knapp, AK; Ko, TK; Kodavanti, UP; Kolla, V; Kong, L; Kong, RY; Kong, X; Kore, S; Kortz, U; Korucu, B; Kovacs, A; Krahnert, I; Kraus, WE; Kuang, SY; Kuehn-Hajder, JE; Kurz, M; Kuśtrowski, P; Kwak, YD; Kyttaris, VC; Laga, SM; Laguerre, A; Laloo, A; Langaro, MC; Langham, MC; Lao, X; Larocca, MC; Lassus, J; Lattimer, TA; Lazar, S; Le, MH; Leal, DB; Leal, M; Leary, A; Ledermann, JA; Lee, JF; Lee, MV; Lee, NH; Leeds, CM; Leeds, JS; Lefrandt, JD; Leicht, AS; Leonard, M; Lev, S; Levy, K; Li, B; Li, C; Li, CM; Li, DH; Li, H; Li, J; Li, L; Li, LJ; Li, N; Li, P; Li, T; Li, X; Li, XH; Li, XQ; Li, XX; Li, Y; Li, Z; Li, ZY; Liao, YF; Lin, CC; Lin, MH; Lin, Y; Ling, Y; Links, TP; Lira-Romero, E; Liu, C; Liu, D; Liu, H; Liu, J; Liu, L; Liu, LP; Liu, M; Liu, T; Liu, W; Liu, X; Liu, XH; Liu, Y; Liuwantara, D; Ljumanovic, N; Lobo, L; Lokhande, K; Lopes, A; Lopes, RMRM; López-Gutiérrez, JC; López-Muñoz, MJ; López-Santamaría, M; Lorenzo, C; Lorusso, D; Losito, I; Lu, C; Lu, H; Lu, HZ; Lu, SH; Lu, SN; Lu, Y; Lu, ZY; Luboga, F; Luo, JJ; Luo, KL; Luo, Y; Lutomski, CA; Lv, W; M Piedade, MF; Ma, J; Ma, JQ; Ma, JX; Ma, N; Ma, P; Ma, S; Maciel, M; Madureira, M; Maganaris, C; Maginn, EJ; Mahnashi, MH; Maierhofer, M; Majetschak, M; Malla, TR; Maloney, L; Mann, DL; Mansuri, A; Marelli, E; Margulis, CJ; Marrella, A; Martin, BL; Martín-Francés, L; Martínez de Pinillos, M; Martínez-Navarro, EM; Martinez-Quintanilla Jimenez, D; Martínez-Velasco, A; Martínez-Villaseñor, L; Martinón-Torres, M; Martins, BA; Massongo, M; Mathew, AP; Mathews, D; Matsui, J; Matsumoto, KI; Mau, T; Maves, RC; Mayclin, SJ; Mayer, JM; Maynard, ND; Mayr, T; Mboowa, MG; McEvoy, MP; McIntyre, RC; McKay, JA; McPhail, MJW; McVeigh, AL; Mebazaa, A; Medici, V; Medina, DN; Mehmood, T; Mei-Li, C; Melku, M; Meloncelli, S; Mendes, GC; Mendoza-Velásquez, C; Mercadante, R; Mercado, MI; Merenda, MEZ; Meunier, J; Mi, SL; Michels, M; Mijatovic, V; Mikhailov, V; Milheiro, SA; Miller, DC; Ming, F; Mitsuishi, M; Miyashita, T; Mo, J; Mo, S; Modesto-Mata, M; Moeller, S; Monte, A; Monteiro, L; Montomoli, J; Moore, EE; Moore, HB; Moore, PK; Mor, MK; Moratalla-López, N; Moratilla Lapeña, L; Moreira, R; Moreno, MA; Mörk, AC; Morton, M; Mosier, JM; Mou, LH; Mougharbel, AS; Muccillo-Baisch, AL; Muñoz-Serrano, AJ; Mustafa, B; Nair, GM; Nakanishi, I; Nakanjako, D; Naraparaju, K; Nawani, N; Neffati, R; Neil, EC; Neilipovitz, D; Neira-Borrajo, I; Nelson, MT; Nery, PB; Nese, M; Nguyen, F; Nguyen, MH; Niazy, AA; Nicolaï, J; Nogueira, F; Norbäck, D; Novaretti, JV; O'Donnell, T; O'Dowd, A; O'Malley, DM; Oaknin, A; Ogata, K; Ohkubo, K; Ojha, M; Olaleye, MT; Olawande, B; Olomo, EJ; Ong, EWY; Ono, A; Onwumere, J; Ortiz Bibriesca, DM; Ou, X; Oza, AM; Ozturk, K; Özütemiz, C; Palacio-Pastrana, C; Palaparthi, A; Palevsky, PM; Pan, K; Pantanetti, S; Papachristou, DJ; Pariani, A; Parikh, CR; Parissis, J; Paroul, N; Parry, S; Patel, N; Patel, SM; Patel, VC; Pawar, S; Pefura-Yone, EW; Peixoto Andrade, BCO; Pelepenko, LE; Peña-Lora, D; Peng, S; Pérez-Moro, OS; Perez-Ortiz, AC; Perry, LM; Peter, CM; Phillips, NJ; Phillips, P; Pia Tek, J; Piner, LW; Pinto, EA; Pinto, SN; Piyachaturawat, P; Poka-Mayap, V; Polledri, E; Poloni, TE; Ponessa, G; Poole, ST; Post, AK; Potter, TM; Pressly, BB; Prouty, MG; Prudêncio, M; Pulkki, K; Pupier, C; Qian, H; Qian, ZP; Qiu, Y; Qu, G; Rahimi, S; Rahman, AU; Ramadan, H; Ramanna, S; Ramirez, I; Randolph, GJ; Rasheed, A; Rault, J; Raviprakash, V; Reale, E; Redpath, C; Rema, V; Remucal, CK; Remy, D; Ren, T; Ribeiro, LB; Riboli, G; Richards, J; Rieger, V; Rieusset, J; Riva, A; Rivabella Maknis, T; Robbins, JL; Robinson, CV; Roche-Campo, F; Rodriguez, R; Rodríguez-de-Cía, J; Rollenhagen, JE; Rosen, EP; Rub, D; Rubin, N; Rubin, NT; Ruurda, JP; Saad, O; Sabell, T; Saber, SE; Sabet, M; Sadek, MM; Saejio, A; Salinas, RM; Saliu, IO; Sande, D; Sang, D; Sangenito, LS; Santos, ALSD; Sarmiento Caldas, MC; Sassaroli, S; Sassi, V; Sato, J; Sauaia, A; Saunders, K; Saunders, PR; Savarino, SJ; Scambia, G; Scanlon, N; Schetinger, MR; Schinkel, AFL; Schladweiler, MC; Schofield, CJ; Schuepbach, RA; Schulz, J; Schwartz, N; Scorcella, C; Seeley, J; Seemann, F; Seinige, D; Sengoku, T; Seravalli, J; Sgromo, B; Shaheen, MY; Shan, L; Shanmugam, S; Shao, H; Sharma, S; Shaw, KJ; Shen, BQ; Shen, CH; Shen, P; Shen, S; Shen, Y; Shen, Z; Shi, J; Shi-Li, L; Shimoda, K; Shoji, Y; Shun, C; Silva, MA; Silva-Cardoso, J; Simas, NK; Simirgiotis, MJ; Sincock, SA; Singh, MP; Sionis, A; Siu, J; Sivieri, EM; Sjerps, MJ; Skoczen, SL; Slabon, A; Slette, IJ; Smith, MD; Smith, S; Smith, TG; Snapp, KS; Snow, SJ; Soares, MCF; Soberman, D; Solares, MD; Soliman, I; Song, J; Sorooshian, A; Sorrell, TC; Spinar, J; Staudt, A; Steinhart, C; Stern, ST; Stevens, DM; Stiers, KM; Stimming, U; Su, YG; Subbian, V; Suga, H; Sukhija-Cohen, A; Suksamrarn, A; Suksen, K; Sun, J; Sun, M; Sun, P; Sun, W; Sun, XF; Sun, Y; Sundell, J; Susan, LF; Sutjarit, N; Swamy, KV; Swisher, EM; Sykes, C; Takahashi, JA; Talmor, DS; Tan, B; Tan, ZK; Tang, L; Tang, S; Tanner, JJ; Tanwar, M; Tarazi, Z; Tarvasmäki, T; Tay, FR; Teketel, A; Temitayo, GI; Thersleff, T; Thiessen Philbrook, H; Thompson, LC; Thongon, N; Tian, B; Tian, F; Tian, Q; Timothy, AT; Tingle, MD; Titze, IR; Tolppanen, H; Tong, W; Toyoda, H; Tronconi, L; Tseng, CH; Tu, H; Tu, YJ; Tung, SY; Turpault, S; Tuynman, JB; Uemoto, AT; Ugurlu, M; Ullah, S; Underwood, RS; Ungell, AL; Usandizaga-Elio, I; Vakonakis, I; van Boxel, GI; van den Beucken, JJJP; van der Boom, T; van Slegtenhorst, MA; Vanni, JR; Vaquera, A; Vasconcellos, RS; Velayos, M; Vena, R; Ventura, G; Verso, MG; Vincent, RP; Vitale, F; Vitali, S; Vlek, SL; Vleugels, MPH; Volkmann, N; Vukelic, M; Wagner Mackenzie, B; Wairagala, P; Waller, SB; Wan, J; Wan, MT; Wan, Y; Wang, CC; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wang, JF; Wang, K; Wang, L; Wang, M; Wang, S; Wang, WM; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, YD; Wang, YF; Wang, Z; Wang, ZG; Warriner, K; Weberpals, JI; Weerachayaphorn, J; Wehrli, FW; Wei, J; Wei, KL; Weinheimer, CJ; Weisbord, SD; Wen, S; Wendel Garcia, PD; Williams, JW; Williams, R; Winkler, C; Wirman, AP; Wong, S; Woods, CM; Wu, B; Wu, C; Wu, F; Wu, P; Wu, S; Wu, Y; Wu, YN; Wu, ZH; Wurtzel, JGT; Xia, L; Xia, Z; Xia, ZZ; Xiao, H; Xie, C; Xin, ZM; Xing, Y; Xing, Z; Xu, S; Xu, SB; Xu, T; Xu, X; Xu, Y; Xue, L; Xun, J; Yaffe, MB; Yalew, A; Yamamoto, S; Yan, D; Yan, H; Yan, S; Yan, X; Yang, AD; Yang, E; Yang, H; Yang, J; Yang, JL; Yang, K; Yang, M; Yang, P; Yang, Q; Yang, S; Yang, W; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Yao, JC; Yao, WL; Yao, Y; Yaqub, TB; Ye, J; Ye, W; Yen, CW; Yeter, HH; Yin, C; Yip, V; Yong-Yi, J; Yu, HJ; Yu, MF; Yu, S; Yu, W; Yu, WW; Yu, X; Yuan, P; Yuan, Q; Yue, XY; Zaia, AA; Zakhary, SY; Zalwango, F; Zamalloa, A; Zamparo, P; Zampini, IC; Zani, JL; Zeitoun, R; Zeng, N; Zenteno, JC; Zepeda-Palacio, C; Zhai, C; Zhang, B; Zhang, G; Zhang, J; Zhang, K; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R; Zhang, T; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YY; Zhao, B; Zhao, D; Zhao, G; Zhao, H; Zhao, Q; Zhao, R; Zhao, S; Zhao, T; Zhao, X; Zhao, XA; Zhao, Y; Zhao, Z; Zheng, Z; Zhi-Min, G; Zhou, CL; Zhou, HD; Zhou, J; Zhou, W; Zhou, XQ; Zhou, Z; Zhu, C; Zhu, H; Zhu, L; Zhu, Y; Zitzmann, N; Zou, L; Zou, Y, 2022)	0.72
"Artificial neural networks and genetic algorithm artificial neural networks, chemometric assisted spectrophotometric models, were developed for the quantitative analysis of elbasvir and grazoprevir in their newly FDA approved pharmaceutical dosage form."	( Simultaneous spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of elbasvir and grazoprevir using assisted chemometric models. Abdelazim, AH; Shahin, M; Zeid, AM, 2021)	0.62
"A total of 31 metabolites were characterized in rats after ingestion of Sal B at a dosage of 40 mg/kg, including 1 in plasma, 19 in urine, 31 in feces, 0 in heart, 0 in liver, 0 in spleen, 1 in lung, 1 in kidney and 0 in brain."	( Dissection of the potential anti-diabetes mechanism of salvianolic acid B by metabolite profiling and network pharmacology. Cui, SS; Li, C; Li, RM; Yuan, YL; Zhang, FX, 2022)	0.72
" A dexamethasone dose-response curve (0."	( Depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment induced by acute administration of dexamethasone: Pharmacological effects of 2-phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)benzofuran in female Swiss mice. Bortolatto, CF; Brüning, CA; Krüger, LD; Magalhães, LS; Neto, JSS; Paim, MP; Strelow, DN, 2023)	0.91
" Steady-state was achieved after 14 days of QD dosing with systemic exposure four-fold higher than that after a single dose."	( Phase 1/1b open-label, dose-escalation study of fruquintinib in patients with advanced solid tumors in the United States. Chien, C; Gonzalez, M; Kania, M; Schelman, W; Ukrainskyj, S; Wang-Gillam, A; Yang, Z; Yeckes-Rodin, H, 2023)	0.91

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1544555	Inhibition of N-terminal 6-His tagged full length Pin1 (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli at 10 uM using Suc-AEPF-pNA as substrate preincubated for 10 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 180 secs by spectrophotometry relative	2019	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 06-01, Volume: 27, Issue:11	Discovery of 4,6-bis(benzyloxy)-3-phenylbenzofuran as a novel Pin1 inhibitor to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma via upregulating microRNA biogenesis.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	2770 (21.77)	18.7374
1990's	1388 (10.91)	18.2507
2000's	3190 (25.07)	29.6817
2010's	4378 (34.41)	24.3611
2020's	996 (7.83)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	451 (3.39%)	5.53%
Reviews	595 (4.48%)	6.00%
Case Studies	360 (2.71%)	4.05%
Observational	20 (0.15%)	0.25%
Other	11,867 (89.27%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
dinitrochlorobenzene Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.. 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene carrying a nitro substituent at each of the 2- and 4-positions.	2.47	2	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; sensitiser
alpha-ketobutyric acid alpha-ketobutyric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of butanoic acid.	2.04	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; short-chain fatty acid
2,5-dichlorophenol 2,5-dichlorophenol: structure given in first source. 2,5-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol with the chloro substituents at positions 2 and 5.	2.47	2	0	dichlorophenol	human xenobiotic metabolite
protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.	3.17	5	0	catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
acetoacetic acid acetoacetic acid : A 3-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is butyric acid bearing a 3-oxo substituent.	1.93	1	0	3-oxo fatty acid; ketone body	metabolite
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	2.03	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	4.58	25	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde [no description available]	2.47	2	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	EC 1.14.17.1 (dopamine beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2	1	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	3.23	6	0	hydroxytryptophan	human metabolite; neurotransmitter
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	3.27	6	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	7.73	3	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetamide acetimidic acid : A carboximidic acid that is acetic acid in which the carbonyl oxygen is replaced by an imino group.	2.1	1	0	acetamides; carboximidic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	3.47	7	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	4.87	13	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	5.62	23	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
allantoin [no description available]	2.66	3	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; ureas	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; vulnerary
curdlan D-hexose : A hexose that has D-configuration at position 5.	2.06	1	0	hexose
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	3.08	5	0	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
beta-alanine [no description available]	4.17	16	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzaldehyde [no description available]	2.6	1	0	benzaldehydes	EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; fragrance; odorant receptor agonist; plant metabolite
benzene [no description available]	5.39	18	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.95	4	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	4.9	1	1	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	8.45	7	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
hydrobromic acid Hydrobromic Acid: Hydrobromic acid (HBr). A solution of hydrogen bromide gas in water.. hydrobromide : Salts formally resulting from the reaction of hydrobromic acid with an organic base.. hydrogen bromide : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and bromine atoms.	2.46	2	0	gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.58	2	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
cadaverine [no description available]	2.13	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	20.65	195	64	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	4.37	20	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	2.46	2	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
catechol [no description available]	3.18	5	0	catechols	allelochemical; genotoxin; plant metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	4.26	17	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chlordecone [no description available]	1.97	1	0	cyclic ketone; organochlorine compound	insecticide; persistent organic pollutant
choline [no description available]	5.9	7	1	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.15	1	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	10.02	40	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	3.88	12	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
coumarin 2H-chromen-2-one: coumarin derivative	10.26	9	0	coumarins	fluorescent dye; human metabolite; plant metabolite
salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).	3.84	11	0	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.	2.91	4	0	alkane	xenobiotic
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	5.84	28	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	3.78	11	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	3.01	4	0	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.	2.1	1	0	aminophenol	allergen; metabolite
bupropion Bupropion: A propiophenone-derived antidepressant and antismoking agent that inhibits the uptake of DOPAMINE.. bupropion : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone carrying a tert-butylamino group at position 2 and a chloro substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	5.12	3	1	aromatic ketone; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
caprylic aldehyde caprylic aldehyde: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1765. octanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid).	2.31	1	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	plant metabolite
n(1)-methylnicotinamide N(1)-methylnicotinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinium ion comprising nicotinamide having a methyl group at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of nicotinamide which was initially considered to be biologically inactive but has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent.	2.04	1	0	pyridinium ion	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	3.41	7	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
propionaldehyde propionaldehyde: may cause respiratory irritation; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. propanal : An aldehyde that consists of ethane bearing a formyl substituent. The parent of the class of propanals.	2.11	1	0	alpha-CH2-containing aldehyde; propanals	Escherichia coli metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid: A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.. (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents located at the 3- and 4-positions. It is a metabolite of dopamine.. dihydroxyphenylacetic acid : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having two phenolic hydroxy substituents.	3.08	5	0	catechols; dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	human metabolite
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	14.82	690	1	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
creatine [no description available]	2.35	2	0	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	3.86	3	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	5.56	16	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	3.81	11	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	4.71	9	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hexachlorocyclohexane Lindane: An organochlorine insecticide made up of greater than 99% gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane. It has been used as a pediculicide and scabicide, and shown to cause cancer.. beta-hexachlorocyclohexane : The beta-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.	2.44	2	0	chlorocyclohexane
glycine [no description available]	5.11	14	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glyceraldehyde Glyceraldehyde: An aldotriose containing the propionaldehyde structure with hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It is involved in the formation of ADVANCED GLYCOSYLATION END PRODUCTS.. glyceraldehyde : An aldotriose comprising propanal having hydroxy groups at the 2- and 3-positions. It plays role in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a deleterious accompaniment to ageing.. aldose : Aldehydic parent sugars (polyhydroxy aldehydes H[CH(OH)]nC(=O)H, n >= 2) and their intramolecular hemiacetals.	2.42	2	0	aldotriose	fundamental metabolite
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	3.46	7	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.	3.07	5	0	carbon oxoanion	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine [no description available]	5.01	40	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
homogentisic acid Homogentisic Acid: Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid with hydroxyls at the 2 and 5 positions of the phenyl ring.. homogentisic acid : A dihydroxyphenylacetic acid having the two hydroxy substituents at the 2- and 5-positions.	2.02	1	0	dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; hydroquinones	human metabolite; plant metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	4.88	33	0	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
hydroquinone [no description available]	2.4	2	0	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group.	7.48	2	0	hydroxylamines	algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	10.18	15	0	imidazole
indole [no description available]	5.24	15	0	indole; polycyclic heteroarene	Escherichia coli metabolite
indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.	2.31	1	0	indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid	auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	8.58	49	3	diatomic iodine	nutrient
dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring.	3.39	7	0	hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative	human metabolite
pipecolic acid pipecolic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pipecolic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is located at position C-2.. pipecolate : A piperidinecarboxylate that is the conjugate base of pipecolic acid.	2.41	2	0	piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.25	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	5.71	79	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	4.33	6	0	cyclitol; hexol
melatonin [no description available]	8.98	21	1	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
croton oil [no description available]	2.37	2	0	N-acyl-hexosamine
naphthalene [no description available]	3.77	10	0	naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene	apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	9.39	21	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.	4.22	5	0	pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	3.28	6	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.08	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	1.96	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	4.79	10	0	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species	human metabolite
1-octanol 1-Octanol: A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). octan-1-ol : An octanol carrying the hydroxy group at position 1.	3.63	9	0	octanol; primary alcohol	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel additive; kairomone; plant metabolite
hydroxide ion [no description available]	2.98	4	0	oxygen hydride	mouse metabolite
orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.	2.35	2	0	pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	2.01	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pyruvic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	2.15	1	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; phenols	human metabolite
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	2.02	1	0	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.	2.79	3	0	long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	6.38	52	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.'	2.93	4	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes	environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite
phenol [no description available]	4.3	18	0	phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenylacetic acid phenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is toluene in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a carboxy group.	7.46	2	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid; phenylacetic acids	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; auxin; EC 6.4.1.1 (pyruvate carboxylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; toxin
phenethylamine phenethylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7016. 2-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine having the phenyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.92	4	0	alkaloid; aralkylamine; phenylethylamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.45	2	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
phosphorylcholine Phosphorylcholine: Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.. phosphocholine : The phosphate of choline; and the parent compound of the phosphocholine family.	2	1	0	phosphocholines	allergen; epitope; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phthalic acid phthalic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7178. phthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid cosisting of two carboxy groups at ortho positions.	3.49	8	0	benzenedicarboxylic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite
1-propanol 1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.. propan-1-ol : The parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.45	2	0	propan-1-ols; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	2.73	3	0	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
putrescine [no description available]	2.45	2	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	antioxidant; fundamental metabolite
pyrazinamide pyrazinecarboxamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid) with ammonia. A prodrug for pyrazinoic acid, pyrazinecarboxamide is used as part of multidrug regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis.	4.66	9	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylammonia; pyrazines	antitubercular agent; prodrug
pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole.	8	4	0	pyrazole
pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.	8.15	5	0	azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines	environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound
pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal Phosphate: This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).. pyridoxal 5'-phosphate : The monophosphate ester obtained by condensation of phosphoric acid with the primary hydroxy group of pyridoxal.	2.43	2	0	methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; pyridinecarbaldehyde; vitamin B6 phosphate	coenzyme; cofactor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).	4.04	3	1	hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring.	3.28	6	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	plant metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	3.43	7	0	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
quinolinic acid Quinolinic Acid: A metabolite of tryptophan with a possible role in neurodegenerative disorders. Elevated CSF levels of quinolinic acid are correlated with the severity of neuropsychological deficits in patients who have AIDS.. pyridinedicarboxylic acid : Any member of the class of pyridines carrying two carboxy groups.. quinolinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid that is pyridine substituted by carboxy groups at positions 2 and 3. It is a metabolite of tryptophan.	1.99	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
thiosulfates Thiosulfates: Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3.. thiosulfate(2-) : A divalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of both protons from thiosulfuric acid.	2.39	2	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion	human metabolite
dithionite Dithionite: Dithionite. The dithionous acid ion and its salts.	1.96	1	0	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.	2.17	1	0	selenium oxoacid
sulfites Sulfites: Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.. sulfites : Any sulfurous acid derivative that is a salt or an ester of sulfurous acid.. organosulfonate oxoanion : An organic anion obtained by deprotonation of the sufonate group(s) of any organosulfonic acid.. sulfite : A sulfur oxoanion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen sulfite (H2SO3).	2.87	4	0	divalent inorganic anion; sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
spermidine [no description available]	2.06	1	0	polyazaalkane; triamine	autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.	2.41	2	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid	anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent
sulfuric acid sulfuric acid : A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom.	2.96	4	0	sulfur oxoacid	catalyst
sulfur dioxide Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.	5.27	16	0	sulfur oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; food bleaching agent; refrigerant
taurine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymine [no description available]	4.88	6	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.91	4	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
tryptamine [no description available]	4.87	6	0	aminoalkylindole; aralkylamino compound; indole alkaloid; tryptamines	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
uracil 2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder	10.64	17	1	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.	12.8	128	24	uric acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	13.14	32	1	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS).	2.47	2	0	benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
xanthine 7H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-7 is protonated.. 9H-xanthine : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 and N-9 is protonated.	2.37	2	0	xanthine	Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.	2.38	2	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	NMDA receptor antagonist
sk&f 81297 [no description available]	2.41	2	0	benzazepine
8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively	3.72	10	0	phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins	serotonergic antagonist
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid: An IBOTENIC ACID homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, AMPA). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies.	2.9	4	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid: structure given in first source; NMDA receptor antagonist	1.97	1	0
4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine 4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd without isomeric designation; a serotonin agonist. 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-methylethylamine : An organoiodine compound that is amphetamine bearing two methoxy substituents at positions 2 and 5 as well as an iodo substituent at position 4.	1.98	1	0	amphetamines; dimethoxybenzene; organoiodine compound
1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone 1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone: a CNS depressant; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
ibotenic acid Ibotenic Acid: A neurotoxic isoxazole (similar to KAINIC ACID and MUSCIMOL) found in AMANITA mushrooms. It causes motor depression, ataxia, and changes in mood, perceptions and feelings, and is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist.	2.67	3	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	neurotoxin
gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring.	3.07	5	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393	2.67	3	0	benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound
huperzine a huperzine A: RN given refers to 5R-(5alpha,9beta,11E)-isomer; structure given in first source. huperzine A : A sesquiterpene alkaloid isolated from a club moss Huperzia serrata that has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective activity. It is also an effective inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and has attracted interest as a therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.	3.12	1	0	quinolone
menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils.	2.91	4	0	p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol	volatile oil component
1,2-dioctanoylglycerol 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets	3.07	5	0
1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group.	2.04	1	0	oxopurine	adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
pk 11195 PK-11195 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of sec-butylmethylamine	1.98	1	0	aromatic amide; isoquinolines; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent
1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine: supposed metabolite of TRAZODONE; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine : A N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine carrying a 3-chlorophenyl substituent at position 1. It is a metabolite of the antidepressant drug trazodone.	2.1	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-arylpiperazine	drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; serotonergic agonist; xenobiotic
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	4.2	16	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine: A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease.. 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 4.	2.71	3	0	methylpyridines; phenylpyridine; tetrahydropyridine	neurotoxin
n-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine: structure in first source. N-[3-(aminomethyl)benzyl]acetamidine : An aralkylamine that is Nbenzylacetamidine substituted at position 3 on the benzene ring by an aminomethyl group. An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.	2.02	1	0	aralkylamine; carboxamidine; primary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector
1h-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one: structure given in first source; inhibits guanylyl cyclase. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one : A member of the class of oxadiazoloquinoxalines that is 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline substituted at position 1 by an oxo group.	2.03	1	0	oxadiazoloquinoxaline	EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2, 4 and 5 are substituted by chlorines.	6.01	21	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; trichlorobenzene	defoliant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4,6-tribromophenol [no description available]	2.06	1	0	bromophenol	environmental contaminant; fungicide; marine metabolite
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.	5.87	18	0	chlorophenoxyacetic acid; dichlorobenzene	agrochemical; defoliant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; phenoxy herbicide; synthetic auxin
2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions.	2.44	2	0	dinitrophenol	allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	2.65	3	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
2-methyl-5-ht 2-methyl-5-HT: M-receptor agonist	1.97	1	0	tryptamines	serotonergic agonist
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine: An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally.	2.74	3	0	benzodioxoles
n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5.	3.39	6	0	amphetamines; benzodioxoles	neurotoxin
amitrole Amitrole: A non-selective post-emergence, translocated herbicide. According to the Seventh Annual Report on Carcinogens (PB95-109781, 1994) this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (From Merck Index, 12th ed) It is an irreversible inhibitor of CATALASE, and thus impairs activity of peroxisomes.. amitrole : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1H-1,2,4-triazole substituted by an amino group at position 3. Used to control annual grasses and aquatic weeds (but not on food crops because it causes cancer in laboratory animals). Its use within the EU was banned from September 2017 on the grounds of potential groundwater contamination and risks to aquatic life; there have also been concerns about its endocrine-disrupting properties.	1.96	1	0	aromatic amine; triazoles	carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor; EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase) inhibitor; herbicide
3-methoxytyrosine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	tyrosine derivative
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.68	10	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
4-aminopyridine [no description available]	3.12	5	0	aminopyridine; aromatic amine	avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker
4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium 4-diphenylacetoxy-1,1-dimethylpiperidinium: muscarinic receptor antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; do not confuse abbreviation 4-DAMP with a similar cpd which does not contain dimethyl groups. 4-DAMP(1+) : A quaternary ammonium salt obtained by formal methylation of the tertiary amino function of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine.	4.21	6	0	quaternary ammonium ion	cholinergic antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
homovanillic acid Homovanillic Acid: A 3-O-methyl ETHER of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid.. homovanillate : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion which is obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of homovanillic acid.. homovanillic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the 3-O-methyl ether of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. It is a catecholamine metabolite.	2.65	3	0	guaiacols; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenytoin [no description available]	4.67	9	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid: A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a).	2.01	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
5-(n,n-hexamethylene)amiloride 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride: inhibitor of Na+-H+ exchange; has anti-HIV-1 activity. 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the two amino hydrogens at position N-5 are replaced by a hexamethylene moiety, resulting in the formation of an azepane ring.	1.98	1	0	aromatic amine; azepanes; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; odorant receptor antagonist; sodium channel blocker
ethylisopropylamiloride ethylisopropylamiloride: structure in first source. ethylisopropylamiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines that is amiloride in which the amino substitutent of the pyrazine ring that is adjacent to the chloro substituent has been substituted by an ethyl group and by an isopropyl group.	2.67	3	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; neuroprotective agent; sodium channel blocker
5-hydroxydecanoate 5-hydroxydecanoic acid: Potassium Channel Blocker; RN refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid
hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hydroxyindol-3-yl)acetic acid : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-5.	4.62	6	1	indole-3-acetic acids	drug metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
5-methoxytryptamine 5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; primary amino compound; tryptamines	5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; radiation protective agent; serotonergic agonist
6-methoxytryptoline 6-methoxytryptoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.95	1	0
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	3.33	6	0	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
aa 861 2,3,5-trimethyl-6-(12-hydroxy-5,10-dodecadiynyl)-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source. docebenone : A member of the class of benzoquinones that is p-benzoquinone in which the hydrogens are substituted by three methyl groups and a 12-hydroxydodeca-5,10-diyn-1-yl group.	1.98	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; acetylenic compound; primary alcohol	EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor
2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane): water-soluble free-radical initiator	2.96	4	0	monoazo compound
acetaminophen Acetaminophen: Analgesic antipyretic derivative of acetanilide. It has weak anti-inflammatory properties and is used as a common analgesic, but may cause liver, blood cell, and kidney damage.. paracetamol : A member of the class of phenols that is 4-aminophenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amino group has been replaced by an acetyl group.	5.91	13	2	acetamides; phenols	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; human blood serum metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetohexamide Acetohexamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent that is metabolized in the liver to 1-hydrohexamide.. acetohexamide : An N-sulfonylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a p-acetylphenylsulfonyl group, while a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced by a cyclohexyl group.	3.05	1	0	acetophenones; N-sulfonylurea	hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue
alendronate alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.	2.07	1	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); primary amino compound	bone density conservation agent; EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
alfuzosin alfuzosin: structure given in first source	3.03	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; quinazolines; tetrahydrofuranol	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
alosetron alosetron : A pyrido[4,3-b]indole compound having a 5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-ylmethyl group at the 2-position.	5.06	5	0	imidazoles; pyridoindole	antiemetic; gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic antagonist
alprazolam Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238). alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug.	4.07	3	1	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent.	1.96	1	0	secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
aluminum fluoride [no description available]	1.97	1	0	aluminium coordination entity
am 251 AM 251: an analog of SR141716A; structure given in first source. AM-251 : A carbohydrazide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 1-aminopiperidine. An antagonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor.	4.24	5	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; organoiodine compound; pyrazoles	antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; CB1 receptor antagonist
amantadine amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source	2.43	2	0	adamantanes; primary aliphatic amine	analgesic; antiparkinson drug; antiviral drug; dopaminergic agent; NMDA receptor antagonist; non-narcotic analgesic
aminoglutethimide Aminoglutethimide: An aromatase inhibitor that is used in the treatment of advanced BREAST CANCER.. aminoglutethimide : A dicarboximide that is a six-membered cyclic compound having ethyl and 4-aminophenyl substituents at the 3-position.	2	1	0	dicarboximide; piperidones; substituted aniline	adrenergic agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	2.53	2	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	4.05	3	1	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
theophylline [no description available]	4.66	9	0	dimethylxanthine	adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent
2-aminothiazole 2-aminothiazole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,3-thiazol-2-amine : A primary amino compound that is 1,3-thiazole substituted by an amino group at position 2.	2.49	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; primary amino compound
amiodarone Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.	20.27	995	56	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone; organoiodine compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiovascular drug
dan 2163 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; aromatic amine; benzamides; pyrrolidines; sulfone	environmental contaminant; second generation antipsychotic; xenobiotic
amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5.	3.33	7	0	carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic
amodiaquine Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.. amodiaquine : A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.	2.02	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; phenols; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 2.1.1.8 (histamine N-methyltransferase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
amsacrine Amsacrine: An aminoacridine derivative that intercalates into DNA and is used as an antineoplastic agent.. amsacrine : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and an acridin-9-ylamino group at position 4. It exhibits antineoplastic activity.	2.03	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
antazoline Antazoline: An antagonist of histamine H1 receptors.. antazoline : A member of the class of imidazolines that is 2-aminomethyl-2-imidazoline in which the exocyclic amino hydrogens are replaced by benzyl and phenyl groups. Antazoline is only found in individuals that have taken the drug.	3.1	5	0	aromatic amine; imidazolines; tertiary amino compound	cholinergic antagonist; H1-receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
antipyrine Antipyrine: An analgesic and antipyretic that has been given by mouth and as ear drops. Antipyrine is often used in testing the effects of other drugs or diseases on drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p29). antipyrine : A pyrazolone derivative that is 1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one substituted with methyl groups at N-1 and C-5 and with a phenyl group at N-2.	3.42	7	0	pyrazolone	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
acetovanillone apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3.	2.45	2	0	acetophenones; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug; plant metabolite
apraclonidine apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	1.98	1	0	dichlorobenzene; guanidines; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; diagnostic agent; ophthalmology drug
aprindine Aprindine: A class Ib anti-arrhythmia agent used to manage ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	3.46	2	0	indanes
arcaine arcaine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 1,4-diguanidinobutane : A guanidine derivative consisting of butane having guanidino groups at the 1- and 4-positions.	2.53	2	0	guanidines
arecoline Arecoline: An alkaloid obtained from the betel nut (Areca catechu), fruit of a palm tree. It is an agonist at both muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used in the form of various salts as a ganglionic stimulant, a parasympathomimetic, and a vermifuge, especially in veterinary practice. It has been used as a euphoriant in the Pacific Islands.. arecoline : A tetrahydropyridine that is 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine with a methyl group at position 1, and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 3. An alkaloid found in the areca nut, it acts as an agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine.	2.4	2	0	enoate ester; methyl ester; pyridine alkaloid; tetrahydropyridine	metabolite; muscarinic agonist
aristolochic acid i aristolochic acid I: phospholipase A inhibitor. aristolochic acid A : An aristolochic acid that is phenanthrene-1-carboxylic acid that is substituted by a methylenedioxy group at the 3,4 positions, by a methoxy group at position 8, and by a nitro group at position 10. It is the most abundant of the aristolochic acids and is found in almost all Aristolochia (birthworts or pipevines) species. It has been tried in a number of treatments for inflammatory disorders, mainly in Chinese and folk medicine. However, there is concern over their use as aristolochic acid is both carcinogenic and nephrotoxic.	2.74	3	0	aristolochic acids; aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; cyclic acetal; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotetracyclic compound	carcinogenic agent; metabolite; mutagen; nephrotoxin; toxin
aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity.	8.82	37	2	benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates	anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent
astemizole Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.. astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.	2.54	2	0	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
atenolol Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.	1.95	1	0	ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide; propanolamine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; sympatholytic agent; xenobiotic
azathioprine Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed). azathioprine : A thiopurine that is 6-mercaptopurine in which the mercapto hydrogen is replaced by a 1-methyl-4-nitroimidazol-5-yl group. It is a prodrug for mercaptopurine and is used as an immunosuppressant, prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and after organ transplantation and also for treatment of Crohn's didease and MS.	2.64	3	0	aryl sulfide; C-nitro compound; imidazoles; thiopurine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
azobenzene azobenzene: photosensor molecule known to undergo reversible isomerization from trans to cis on illumination with photons of appropriate wavelength; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (E)-azobenzene : The (E)-isomer of azobenzene.. (Z)-azobenzene : The (Z)-isomer of azobenzene.. azobenzene : A molecule whose structure comprises two phenyl rings linked by a N=N double bond; the parent compound of the azobenzene class of compounds.	3.06	1	0	azobenzenes
azepexole [no description available]	2.65	3	0
baclofen [no description available]	4.11	15	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant
bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6.	3.84	12	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester
befunolol befunolol: synonym BFE 60 refers to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.05	5	0	benzofurans
benoxathian benoxathian: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
benzbromarone Benzbromarone: Uricosuric that acts by increasing uric acid clearance. It is used in the treatment of gout.. benzbromarone : 1-Benzofuran substituted at C-2 and C-3 by an ethyl group and a 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoyl group respectively. An inhibitor of CYP2C9, it is used as an anti-gout medication.	11.88	86	22	1-benzofurans; aromatic ketone	uricosuric drug
mellitic acid mellitic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. mellitic acid : A benzene-derived hexacarboxylic acid in which each carbon of benzene carries a carboxy substituent.	2.07	1	0	hexacarboxylic acid
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	7.2	17	1	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
benzothiazide benzothiazide: structure. benzthiazide : 7-Sulfamoyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by chlorine and that at position 3 is substituted by a benzylsulfanylmethyl group. A diuretic, it is used to treat hypertension and edema.	2.31	1	0	benzothiadiazine; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
bepridil Bepridil: A long-acting calcium-blocking agent with significant anti-anginal activity. The drug produces significant coronary vasodilation and modest peripheral effects. It has antihypertensive and selective anti-arrhythmia activities and acts as a calmodulin antagonist.. bepridil : A tertiary amine in which the substituents on nitrogen are benzyl, phenyl and 3-(2-methylpropoxy)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl.	3.07	5	0	pyrrolidines; tertiary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
berberine [no description available]	4.58	4	0	alkaloid antibiotic; berberine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite; potassium channel blocker
5-methoxypsoralen 5-Methoxypsoralen: A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS.. 5-methoxypsoralen : A 5-methoxyfurocoumarin that is psoralen substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.	2.39	2	0	5-methoxyfurocoumarin; organic heterotricyclic compound; psoralens	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one: from maize extracts; structure given in first source. DIMBOA : A lactol that is DIBOA in which the hydrogen at position 7 is replaced by a methoxy group. It has been isolated from the maize plants.	2.15	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoxazine; cyclic hydroxamic acid; lactol	allelochemical; plant metabolite
beta-naphthoflavone beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.	3.24	6	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
bethanidine Bethanidine: A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear.	1.96	1	0	guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent
betaxolol [no description available]	1.99	1	0	propanolamine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent
bethanechol Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.	3.61	3	0	carbamate ester; quaternary ammonium ion	muscarinic agonist
2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol substituted by tert-butyl groups at position 2 and 5.	2.67	3	0	hydroquinones
bicalutamide bicalutamide: approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide : A member of the class of (trifluoromethyl)benzenes that is 4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 3-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl group.. bicalutamide : A racemate comprising of equal amounts of (R)-bicalutamide and (S)-bicalutamide. It is an oral non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer and hirsutism.	2.49	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; sulfone; tertiary alcohol
bay h 4502 bifonazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-bifonazole. It is a broad spectrum antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal skin and nail infections.. 1-[biphenyl-4-yl(phenyl)methyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles carrying an alpha-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzyl substituent at position 1.	2.38	2	0	biphenyls; imidazoles
bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)	5.32	3	1	diarylmethane
bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis.	3.5	2	0	bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine	anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome
bisindolylmaleimide i bisindolylmaleimide I: a bis(indolyl)maleimide	2.48	2	0
bu 224 BU 224: a selective imidazoline 2-receptor blocker	4.35	19	0	quinolines
bumetanide [no description available]	2.7	3	0	amino acid; benzoic acids; sulfonamide	diuretic; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor
buspirone Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.. buspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.	4.18	3	1	azaspiro compound; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organic heteropolycyclic compound; piperidones; pyrimidines	anxiolytic drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; sedative; serotonergic agonist
caffeine [no description available]	9.26	32	2	purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine	adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	8.37	53	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
calmidazolium calmidazolium: powerful inhibitor of or red blood cell Ca++-ATPase & Ca++ transport into inside-out red blood cell vesicles; RN refers to chloride; structure in first source; an antagonist of calmodulin. calmidazolium : An imidazolium ion that is imidazolium cation substituted by a bis(4-chlorophenyl)methyl group at position 1 and a 2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl group at position 3. It acts as an antagonist of calmodulin, a calcium binding messenger protein.	1.97	1	0	imidazolium ion	apoptosis inducer; calmodulin antagonist
candesartan candesartan: a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist. candesartan : A benzimidazolecarboxylic acid that is 1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid substituted by an ethoxy group at position 2 and a ({2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl}methyl) group at position 1. It is a angiotensin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of hypertension.	2.45	2	0	benzimidazolecarboxylic acid; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	3.78	3	0	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
carbofuran Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.4	7	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; avicide; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
carmustine Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.	2.38	2	0	N-nitrosoureas; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
carvedilol [no description available]	3.13	1	0	carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone: A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.. CCCP : A member of the class of monochlorobenzenes that is benzene substituted by 2-(1,3-dinitrilopropan-2-ylidene)hydrazinyl and chloro groups at positions 1 and 3, respectively. It is a mitochondrial depolarizing agent that induces reactive oxygen species mediated cell death.	3.25	6	0	hydrazone; monochlorobenzenes; nitrile	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; ionophore
celecoxib [no description available]	2.98	4	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups.	2.42	2	0	quaternary ammonium ion
chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	3.1	1	0	aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.. chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2.	1.95	1	0	benzodiazepine
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.58	9	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
chlorothiazide Chlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic with actions and uses similar to those of HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p812). thiazide : Heterocyclic compound with sulfur and nitrogen in the ring.. chlorothiazide : 4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide in which the hydrogen at position is substituted by chlorine and that at position 7 is substituted by a sulfonamide group. A diuretic, it is used for treatment of oedema and hypertension.	3.33	1	1	benzothiadiazine	antihypertensive agent; diuretic
chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.	2.89	4	0	organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine	anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
chlorpropham Chlorpropham: A carbamate that is used as an herbicide and as a plant growth regulator.. chlorpropham : A carbamate ester that is the isopropyl ester of 3-chlorophenylcarbamic acid.	2	1	0	benzenes; carbamate ester; monochlorobenzenes	herbicide; plant growth retardant
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.11	1	0	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
ciglitazone ciglitazone: structure given in second source; PPAR agonist used for type II diabetes. ciglitazone : An aromatic ether that consists of 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione with position 5 substituted by a 4-[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]benzyl group. A selective PPARgamma agonist.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; thiazolidinone	antineoplastic agent; insulin-sensitizing drug
cimetidine Cimetidine: A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits HISTAMINE binding to HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTORS. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits GASTRIC ACID secretion, as well as PEPSIN and GASTRIN output.. cimetidine : A member of the class of guanidines that consists of guanidine carrying a methyl substituent at position 1, a cyano group at position 2 and a 2-{[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}ethyl group at position 3. It is a H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in stomach.	3.09	5	0	aliphatic sulfide; guanidines; imidazoles; nitrile	adjuvant; analgesic; anti-ulcer drug; H2-receptor antagonist; P450 inhibitor
eucalyptol [no description available]	2.45	2	0
cirazoline cirazoline: posseses agonist properties at alpha-adrenoreceptor sites; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.49	8	0	aromatic ether
cisapride Cisapride: A substituted benzamide used for its prokinetic properties. It is used in the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and other disorders associated with impaired gastrointestinal motility. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed). cisapride : The amide resulting from formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with cis-1-[3-(4-fluorophenoxy)propyl]-3-methoxypiperidin-4-amine. It has been used (as its monohydrate or as its tartrate) for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and for non-ulcer dyspepsia, but its propensity to cause cardiac arrhythmias resulted in its complete withdrawal from many countries, including the U.K., and restrictions on its use elsewhere.	5.5	12	0	benzamides
platinum tetrachloride platinum chloride: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF; structure in first source: K2PtCl; see also platinum tetrachloride. platinum dichloride : A platinum coordination entity consisting of platinum(II) bound to two chlorine atoms.	2.03	1	0	platinum coordination entity	catalyst; reagent
citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group.	8.94	25	1	2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound
N-[4-(4-morpholinyl)butyl]-2-benzofurancarboxamide CL82198: a selective inhibitor of MMP13	2.61	2	0	benzofurans
clenbuterol Clenbuterol: A substituted phenylaminoethanol that has beta-2 adrenomimetic properties at very low doses. It is used as a bronchodilator in asthma.. clenbuterol : A substituted aniline that is 2,6-dichloroaniline in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	7.01	1	0	amino alcohol; dichlorobenzene; ethanolamines; primary arylamine; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent
clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.55	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound	antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator
clofibrate angiokapsul: contains clofibrate & insoitolnicotinate	8.97	14	0	aromatic ether; ethyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; geroprotector; PPARalpha agonist
clofibric acid Clofibric Acid: An antilipemic agent that is the biologically active metabolite of CLOFIBRATE.. clofibric acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is isobutyric acid substituted at position 2 by a p-chlorophenoxy group. It is a metabolite of the drug clofibrate.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; herbicide; marine xenobiotic metabolite; PPARalpha agonist
clomipramine Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.. clomipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine which is substituted by chlorine at position 3 and in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. One of the more sedating tricyclic antidepressants, it is used as the hydrochloride salt for the treatment of depression as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobias.	3.21	6	0	dibenzoazepine	anticoronaviral agent; antidepressant; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist; serotonergic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group.	5.05	41	0	clonidine; imidazoline
clotrimazole [no description available]	2.67	3	0	conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes	antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
cypermethrin cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.	2.06	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organochlorine compound	agrochemical; molluscicide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide
dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia.	1.97	1	0	hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione	muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist
dapi DAPI: RN given refers to parent cpd.	2.44	2	0	indoles	fluorochrome
debrisoquin Debrisoquin: An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.	1.97	1	0	carboxamidine; isoquinolines	adrenergic agent; antihypertensive agent; human metabolite; sympatholytic agent
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.05	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group.	3.34	7	0	dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
amphetamine Amphetamine: A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.. 1-phenylpropan-2-amine : A primary amine that is isopropylamine in which a hydrogen attached to one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.. amphetamine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-amphetamine (also known as levamphetamine or levoamphetamine) and (S)-amphetamine (also known as dexamfetamine or dextroamphetamine.	9	14	0	primary amine
eflornithine Eflornithine: An inhibitor of ORNITHINE DECARBOXYLASE, the rate limiting enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway.. eflornithine : A fluoroamino acid that is ornithine substituted by a difluoromethyl group at position 2.	2.08	1	0	alpha-amino acid; fluoroamino acid	trypanocidal drug
diazepam Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.. diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5.	2.44	2	0	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
diazoxide Diazoxide: A benzothiadiazine derivative that is a peripheral vasodilator used for hypertensive emergencies. It lacks diuretic effect, apparently because it lacks a sulfonamide group.. diazoxide : A benzothiadiazine that is the S,S-dioxide of 2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine which is substituted at position 3 by a methyl group and at position 7 by chlorine. A peripheral vasodilator, it increases the concentration of glucose in the plasma and inhibits the secretion of insulin by the beta- cells of the pancreas. It is used orally in the management of intractable hypoglycaemia and intravenously in the management of hypertensive emergencies.	3.87	12	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfone	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; diuretic; K-ATP channel agonist; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasodilator agent
dibenzothiophene dibenzothiophene : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a thiophene ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	10.45	19	0	dibenzothiophenes; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	keratolytic drug
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	3.82	3	0	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	5.42	4	1	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	4.02	14	0	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	4.16	16	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
dichlorophen Dichlorophen: Nontoxic laxative vermicide effective for taenia infestation. It tends to produce colic and nausea. It is also used as a veterinary fungicide, anthelmintic, and antiprotozoan. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	2.02	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; diarylmethane
dicyclomine Dicyclomine: A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system. It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms.. dicyclomine : The ester resulting from the formal condensation of 1-cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid with 2-(diethylamino)ethanol. An anticholinergic, it is used as the hydrochloride to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly that associated with irritable bowel syndrome.	3.8	2	1	carboxylic ester; tertiary amine	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist; parasympatholytic
diethyl pyrocarbonate Diethyl Pyrocarbonate: Preservative for wines, soft drinks, and fruit juices and a gentle esterifying agent.. diethyl pyrocarbonate : The diethyl ester of dicarbonic acid.	2.11	1	0	acyclic carboxylic anhydride
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	1.98	1	0	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	2.39	2	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
3,3'-diindolylmethane 3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist	2.03	1	0	indoles	antineoplastic agent; P450 inhibitor
dimaprit Dimaprit: A histamine H2 receptor agonist that is often used to study the activity of histamine and its receptors.	1.96	1	0	imidothiocarbamic ester
dm-nitrophen DM-nitrophen: photolabile chelator for the rapid photorelease of divalent cations; also called caged calcium (liberates Ca2+ photolytically)	2.38	2	0
diphenhydramine Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.. diphenhydramine : An ether that is the benzhydryl ether of 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol. It is a H1-receptor antagonist used as a antipruritic and antitussive drug.. antitussive : An agent that suppresses cough. Antitussives have a central or a peripheral action on the cough reflex, or a combination of both. Compare with expectorants, which are considered to increase the volume of secretions in the respiratory tract, so facilitating their removal by ciliary action and coughing, and mucolytics, which decrease the viscosity of mucus, facilitating its removal by ciliary action and expectoration.	2.37	2	0	ether; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; antitussive; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; oneirogen; sedative
diphenyleneiodonium diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.	2.46	2	0	organic cation
benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.83	3	0	benzophenones	photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots.	6.89	13	1	piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol	adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
disopyramide Disopyramide: A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.. disopyramide : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is butanamide substituted by a diisopropylamino group at position 4, a phenyl group at position 2 and a pyridin-2-yl group at position 2. It is used as a anti-arrhythmia drug.	7.91	10	3	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
stallimycin [no description available]	3.1	1	0
disulfiram [no description available]	1.94	1	0	organic disulfide; organosulfur acaricide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; fungicide; NF-kappaB inhibitor
valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.	2.1	1	0	branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid	anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent
racemetirosine alpha-Methyltyrosine: An inhibitor of the enzyme TYROSINE 3-MONOOXYGENASE, and consequently of the synthesis of catecholamines. It is used to control the symptoms of excessive sympathetic stimulation in patients with PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed)	2.7	3	0
p-chloroamphetamine p-Chloroamphetamine: Chlorinated analog of AMPHETAMINE. Potent neurotoxin that causes release and eventually depletion of serotonin in the CNS. It is used as a research tool.	2.4	2	0
thiorphan Thiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.	2.44	2	0	N-acyl-amino acid
domperidone Domperidone: A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.. domperidone : 1-[3-(Piperidin-1-yl)propyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which the 4-position of the piperidine ring is substituted by a 5-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-on-1-yl group. A dopamine antagonist, it is used as an antiemetic for the short-term treatment of nausea and vomiting, and to control gastrointestinal effects of dopaminergic drugs given in the management of parkinsonism. The free base is used in oral suspensions, while the maleate salt is used in tablet preparations.	2.41	1	0	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist
donepezil Donepezil: An indan and piperidine derivative that acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE. Donepezil is highly selective for the central nervous system and is used in the management of mild to moderate DEMENTIA in ALZHEIMER DISEASE.. donepezil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-donepezil. A centrally acting reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, its main therapeutic use is in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease where it is used to increase cortical acetylcholine.. 2-[(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one : A member of the class of indanones that is 5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-one which is substituted at position 2 by an (N-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl group.	4.52	8	0	aromatic ether; indanones; piperidines; racemate	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
doxazosin Doxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.. doxazosin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline substituted by an amino group at position 4, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a piperazin-1-yl group at position 2 which in turn is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylcarbonyl group at position 4. An antihypertensive agent, it is used in the treatment of high blood pressure.	3.03	1	0	aromatic amine; benzodioxine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; vasodilator agent
doxepin Doxepin: A dibenzoxepin tricyclic compound. It displays a range of pharmacological actions including maintaining adrenergic innervation. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it appears to block reuptake of monoaminergic neurotransmitters into presynaptic terminals. It also possesses anticholinergic activity and modulates antagonism of histamine H(1)- and H(2)-receptors.. doxepin : A dibenzooxepine that is 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 11. It is used as an antidepressant drug.	3.25	1	0	dibenzooxepine; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant
dsp 4 DSP 4: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0
econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group.	1.97	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes
emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.	6.98	8	1	trihydroxyanthraquinone	antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
enflurane Enflurane: An extremely stable inhalation anesthetic that allows rapid adjustments of anesthesia depth with little change in pulse or respiratory rate.. enflurane : An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.	1.97	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	anaesthetic
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	5.53	22	0
ethacrynic acid Ethacrynic Acid: A compound that inhibits symport of sodium, potassium, and chloride primarily in the ascending limb of Henle, but also in the proximal and distal tubules. This pharmacological action results in excretion of these ions, increased urinary output, and reduction in extracellular fluid. This compound has been classified as a loop or high ceiling diuretic.. etacrynic acid : An aromatic ether that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the phenyl ring is substituted by chlorines at positions 2 and 3, and by a 2-methylidenebutanoyl group at position 4. It is a loop diuretic used to treat high blood pressure resulting from diseases such as congestive heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. It is also a glutathione S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) inhibitor.	3.75	2	1	aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; loop diuretic
ether Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.	2.75	3	0	ether; volatile organic compound	inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
ethoxyresorufin ethoxyresorufin: structure	2.44	2	0	phenoxazine
ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.	2.07	1	0	alkane-alpha,omega-diamine	GABA agonist
carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group.	2.91	4	0	aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound	ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore
fenfluramine Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.. fenfluramine : A secondary amino compound that is 1-phenyl-propan-2-amine in which one of the meta-hydrogens is substituted by trifluoromethyl, and one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by an ethyl group. It binds to the serotonin reuptake pump, causing inhbition of serotonin uptake and release of serotonin. The resulting increased levels of serotonin lead to greater serotonin receptor activation which in turn lead to enhancement of serotoninergic transmission in the centres of feeding behavior located in the hypothalamus. This suppresses the appetite for carbohydrates. Fenfluramine was used as the hydrochloride for treatment of diabetes and obesity. It was withdrawn worldwide after reports of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.69	3	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; secondary amino compound	appetite depressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
fenofibrate Pharmavit: a polyvitamin product, comprising vitamins A, D2, B1, B2, B6, C, E, nicotinamide, & calcium pantothene; may be a promising agent for application to human populations exposed to carcinogenic and genetic hazards of ionizing radiation; RN from CHEMLINE	2.38	2	0	aromatic ether; chlorobenzophenone; isopropyl ester; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
berotek Fenoterol: A synthetic adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. fenoterol : A member of the class resorcinols that is 5-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,3-diol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-amino group. A beta2-adrenergic agonist, it is used (as the hydrobromide salt) as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction.	1.95	1	0	resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.	4.32	4	1	anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
flecainide Flecainide: A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.. flecainide : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid with the primary amino group of piperidin-2-ylmethylamine. An antiarrhythmic agent used (in the form of its acetate salt) to prevent and treat tachyarrhythmia (abnormal fast rhythm of the heart).	5.55	5	1	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; organofluorine compound; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug
fluconazole Fluconazole: Triazole antifungal agent that is used to treat oropharyngeal CANDIDIASIS and cryptococcal MENINGITIS in AIDS.. fluconazole : A member of the class of triazoles that is propan-2-ol substituted at position 1 and 3 by 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl groups and at position 2 by a 2,4-difluorophenyl group. It is an antifungal drug used for the treatment of mucosal candidiasis and for systemic infections including systemic candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and cryptococcosis.	2.52	2	0	conazole antifungal drug; difluorobenzene; tertiary alcohol; triazole antifungal drug	environmental contaminant; P450 inhibitor; xenobiotic
flumazenil Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.. flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose.	2.42	2	0	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	3.42	7	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	6.57	15	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	5.24	4	1	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
furazolidone Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.	2.35	2	0	nitrofuran antibiotic; oxazolidines	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antitrichomonal drug; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
furegrelate furegrelate: structure given in UD 35:175:d	9.91	104	2	benzofurans
furosemide Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.	3.49	8	0	chlorobenzoic acid; furans; sulfonamide	environmental contaminant; loop diuretic; xenobiotic
gabapentin Gabapentin: A cyclohexane-gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative that is used for the treatment of PARTIAL SEIZURES; NEURALGIA; and RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME.. gabapentin : A gamma-amino acid that is cyclohexane substituted at position 1 by aminomethyl and carboxymethyl groups. Used for treatment of neuropathic pain and restless legs syndrome.	2.76	3	0	gamma-amino acid	anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	3	4	0
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.	2.03	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite
glimepiride glimepiride: structure given in first source	7.63	6	4	sulfonamide
glutethimide Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.	1.95	1	0	piperidines
glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.	3.71	10	0	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
glyphosate glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).	2.03	1	0	glycine derivative; phosphonic acid	agrochemical; EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; herbicide
go 6976 [no description available]	2.1	1	0	indolocarbazole; organic heterohexacyclic compound	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
gr 89696 GR 89696: a potent & selective kappa opioid receptor agonist; RN given refers to (E)-2-butenedioate(1:1); RN for parent cpd not available 11/92; GR 103545 is the (R)-isomer	1.98	1	0	acetamides
guaifenesin Guaifenesin: An expectorant that also has some muscle relaxing action. It is used in many cough preparations.	2.42	2	0	methoxybenzenes
guanethidine Guanethidine: An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.. guanethidine : A member of the class of guanidines in which one of the hydrogens of the amino group has been replaced by a 2-azocan-1-ylethyl group.. guanethidine sulfate : A organic sulfate salt composed of two molecules of guanethidine and one of sulfuric acid.	2.87	4	0	azocanes; guanidines	adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; sympatholytic agent
guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.	2	1	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group.	2.66	3	0	isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety.	4.02	14	0	aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol	antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
halothane [no description available]	4.46	5	1	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	1.95	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
4-fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol [no description available]	2.03	1	0
hexamethonium Hexamethonium: A nicotinic cholinergic antagonist often referred to as the prototypical ganglionic blocker. It is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and does not cross the blood-brain barrier. It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes including hypertension but, like the other ganglionic blockers, it has been replaced by more specific drugs for most purposes, although it is widely used a research tool.	2.15	1	0	quaternary ammonium salt
hexobarbital Hexobarbital: A barbiturate that is effective as a hypnotic and sedative.. hexobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates taht is barbituric acid substituted at N-1 by methyl and at C-5 by methyl and cyclohex-1-enyl groups.	1.94	1	0	barbiturates
tele-methylhistamine tele-methylhistamine: histamine methyltransferase antagonist. N(tele)-methylhistamine : A primary amino compound that is the N(tele)-methyl derivative of histamine.	2.06	1	0	imidazoles; primary amino compound	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-methylhistamine alpha-methylhistamine: a histamine H3 receptor agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. alpha-methylhistamine : An aralkylamino compound that is histamine bearing a methyl substituent at the alpha-position.	2.45	2	0	aralkylamino compound; imidazoles	animal metabolite; H3-receptor agonist
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	2.17	1	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
hydralazine Hydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.. hydralazine : The 1-hydrazino derivative of phthalazine; a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.	2.41	2	0	azaarene; hydrazines; ortho-fused heteroarene; phthalazines	antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide: A thiazide diuretic often considered the prototypical member of this class. It reduces the reabsorption of electrolytes from the renal tubules. This results in increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium, potassium, chloride, and magnesium. It is used in the treatment of several disorders including edema, hypertension, diabetes insipidus, and hypoparathyroidism.. hydrochlorothiazide : A benzothiadiazine that is 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide substituted by a chloro group at position 6 and a sulfonamide at 7. It is diuretic used for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	3.08	5	0	benzothiadiazine; organochlorine compound; sulfonamide	antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
hydroxyurea [no description available]	3.24	6	0	one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
hypericin [no description available]	2.78	3	0
ibuprofen Midol: combination of cinnamedrine, phenacetin, aspirin & caffeine	4.52	9	0	monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; radical scavenger; xenobiotic
phenelzine Phenelzine: One of the MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS used to treat DEPRESSION; PHOBIC DISORDERS; and PANIC.	1.99	1	0	primary amine
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	7.04	15	1	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
idebenone [no description available]	3.64	1	1	1,4-benzoquinones; primary alcohol	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor
ifosfamide [no description available]	3.09	1	0	ifosfamides	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
imipramine Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.. imipramine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group at the nitrogen atom.	3.76	11	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.	2.04	1	0	indolyl alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	5.12	45	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
iodoacetamide [no description available]	1.99	1	0
iohexol Iohexol: An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.. iohexol : A benzenedicarboxamide compound having N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoyl groups at the 1- and 3-positions, iodo substituents at the 2-, 4- and 6-positions and an N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)acetamido group at the 5-position.	2.13	1	0	benzenedicarboxamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
iopanoic acid Iopanoic Acid: Radiopaque medium used as diagnostic aid.	2.65	3	0	monocarboxylic acid
iothalamic acid Iothalamic Acid: A contrast medium in diagnostic radiology with properties similar to those of diatrizoic acid. It is used primarily as its sodium and meglumine (IOTHALAMATE MEGLUMINE) salts.	1.96	1	0	organic molecular entity
iodipamide Iodipamide: A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.. adipiodone : An organoiodine compound that is 3-amino-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is substituted by a 6-(3-carboxy-2,4,6-triiodoanilino)-6-oxohexanoyl group. It is a water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.	2.35	2	0	benzoic acids; organoiodine compound; secondary carboxamide	radioopaque medium
iproniazid [no description available]	2.03	1	0	carbohydrazide; pyridines
avapro Irbesartan: A spiro compound, biphenyl and tetrazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION, and in the treatment of kidney disease.. irbesartan : A biphenylyltetrazole that is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used mainly for the treatment of hypertension.	2	1	0	azaspiro compound; biphenylyltetrazole	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively.	3.78	11	0	3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
isoflurane Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.	1.97	1	0	organofluorine compound	inhalation anaesthetic
isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).	2.52	2	0	carbohydrazide	antitubercular agent; drug allergen
2-propanol 2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.. propan-2-ol : A secondary alcohol that is propane in which one of the hydrogens attached to the central carbon is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.69	3	0	secondary alcohol; secondary fatty alcohol	protic solvent
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	7.12	49	2	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
isradipine Isradipine: A potent antagonist of CALCIUM CHANNELS that is highly selective for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It is effective in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive cardiac failure.	1.97	1	0	benzoxadiazole; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester; methyl ester
1-(2-naphthalenyl)-3-[(phenylmethyl)-propan-2-ylamino]-1-propanone ZM39923: structure in first source	2.13	1	0	naphthalenes
juglone juglone: structure. juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities.	2.21	1	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone	geroprotector; herbicide; reactive oxygen species generator
ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group.	4.13	4	0	cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound	analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group.	3.1	5	0	aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ketoconazole 1-acetyl-4-(4-{[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methoxy}phenyl)piperazine : A dioxolane that is 1,3-dioxolane which is substituted at positions 2, 2, and 4 by imidazol-1-ylmethyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, and [para-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)phenoxy]methyl groups, respectively.	3.15	5	0	dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; ether; imidazoles; N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
kebuzone kebuzone: proposed antirheumatic agent; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search PHENYLBUTAZONE/AA. kebuzone : A pyrazolidine that is phenylbutazone in which the two methylene hydrogens at postion 3 on the butyl chain are replaced by an oxo group.	1.96	1	0	methyl ketone; pyrazolidines	non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	5.45	4	1	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator.	2.52	2	0	furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle	anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
kinetin Kinetin: A furanyl adenine found in PLANTS and FUNGI. It has plant growth regulation effects.. cytokinin : A phytohormone that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots.. kinetin : A member of the class of 6-aminopurines that is adenine carrying a (furan-2-ylmethyl) substituent at the exocyclic amino group.	2.17	1	0	6-aminopurines; furans	cytokinin; geroprotector
kojic acid [no description available]	2.74	3	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
kynurenic acid Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.	2.36	2	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: a glutamate uptake inhibitor	2	1	0
lauric acid dodecanoic acid : A straight-chain, twelve-carbon medium-chain saturated fatty acid with strong bactericidal properties; the main fatty acid in coconut oil and palm kernel oil.	2.25	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
letrozole [no description available]	2.06	1	0	nitrile; triazoles	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
nordefrin Nordefrin: A norepinephrine derivative used as a vasoconstrictor agent.	2.43	2	0	catecholamine
lidoflazine Lidoflazine: Coronary vasodilator with some antiarrhythmic action.	2.35	2	0	diarylmethane
loperamide Loperamide: One of the long-acting synthetic ANTIDIARRHEALS; it is not significantly absorbed from the gut, and has no effect on the adrenergic system or central nervous system, but may antagonize histamine and interfere with acetylcholine release locally.. loperamide : A synthetic piperidine derivative, effective against diarrhoea resulting from gastroenteritis or inflammatory bowel disease.	3.9	3	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; piperidines; tertiary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antidiarrhoeal drug; mu-opioid receptor agonist
lorglumide lorglumide: RN given refers to (+-)-isomer. lorglumide : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-lorglumide.. N(2)-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-N,N-dipentyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-(3,4-dichlorobenzoyl)glutamic acid with the amino group of dipentylamine.	1.97	1	0	benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; dichlorobenzene; glutamic acid derivative
losartan Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.. losartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position	5.78	6	1	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles	angiotensin receptor antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
ly 278584 LY 278584: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.4	2	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source	3.6	8	0	chromones; morpholines; organochlorine compound	autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group.	1.97	1	0	aminoquinoline; aromatic amine; p-quinones; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor
edaravone [no description available]	7.27	14	2	pyrazolone	antioxidant; radical scavenger
mecamylamine Mecamylamine: A nicotinic antagonist that is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Mecamylamine has been used as a ganglionic blocker in treating hypertension, but, like most ganglionic blockers, is more often used now as a research tool.	2.77	3	0	primary aliphatic amine
mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR.	2.36	2	0	nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent
meclofenamic acid Meclofenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with antipyretic and antigranulation activities. It also inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis.. meclofenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,6-dichloro-3-methylphenyl group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.29	2	0	aminobenzoic acid; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.	1.97	1	0	aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound	analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
mephenesin Mephenesin: A centrally acting muscle relaxant with a short duration of action.. 1-(2-methylphenyl)glycerol : A glycerol ether in which a single 2-methylphenyl group is attached at position 1 of glycerol via an ether linkage.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; glycerol ether
mephenytoin Mephenytoin: An anticonvulsant effective in tonic-clonic epilepsy (EPILEPSY, TONIC-CLONIC). It may cause blood dyscrasias.. mephenytoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin) in which the imidazolidine nucleus carries a methyl group at N-3 and has ethyl and phenyl substituents at C-5. An anticonvulsant, it is no longer available in the USA or the UK but is still studied largely because of its interesting hydroxylation polymorphism.	4.9	1	1	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant
mescaline Mescaline: Hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from the flowering heads (peyote) of Lophophora (formerly Anhalonium) williamsii, a Mexican cactus used in Indian religious rites and as an experimental psychotomimetic. Among its cellular effects are agonist actions at some types of serotonin receptors. It has no accepted therapeutic uses although it is legal for religious use by members of the Native American Church.. mescaline : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.	1.99	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenethylamine alkaloid; primary amino compound	hallucinogen
metaproterenol Metaproterenol: A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. orciprenaline : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-orciprenaline. Used (as its sulfate salt) to relax the airway muscles and improve breathing for patients suffering from asthma or bronchitis.. 5-[1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,3-diol : A member of the class of resorcinols bearing an additional 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropanylamino)ethyl substituent at position 5 of resorcinol itself.	3.34	7	0	aralkylamino compound; phenylethanolamines; resorcinols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound
metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1.	7.41	7	4	guanidines	environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic
methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4.	7.26	6	3	benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound
methapyrilene Methapyrilene: Histamine H1 antagonist with sedative action used as a hypnotic and in allergies.. methapyrilene : A member of the class of ethylenediamine derivatives that is ethylenediamine in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups, and the other nitrogen is substituted by a 2-pyridyl group and a (2-thienyl)methyl group.	2.15	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative	anti-allergic agent; carcinogenic agent; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative
methenamine Methenamine: An anti-infective agent most commonly used in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Its anti-infective action derives from the slow release of formaldehyde by hydrolysis at acidic pH. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p173). hexamethylenetetramine : A polycyclic cage that is adamantane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3, 5 and 7 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.65	3	0	polyazaalkane; polycyclic cage; tetramine	antibacterial drug
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	3.25	6	0	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
methoxychlor Methoxychlor: An insecticide. Methoxychlor has estrogenic effects in mammals, among other effects.	2.06	1	0	organochlorine insecticide
methoxyflurane Methoxyflurane: An inhalation anesthetic. Currently, methoxyflurane is rarely used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia. If so employed, it should be administered with NITROUS OXIDE to achieve a relatively light level of anesthesia, and a neuromuscular blocking agent given concurrently to obtain the desired degree of muscular relaxation. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p180). methoxyflurane : An ether in which the two groups attached to the central oxygen atom are methyl and 2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethyl.	1.97	1	0	ether; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	hepatotoxic agent; inhalation anaesthetic; nephrotoxic agent; non-narcotic analgesic
nocodazole [no description available]	1.97	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
methyl parathion Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.05	1	0	C-nitro compound; organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; antifungal agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; genotoxin
methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.	2.44	2	0	benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates	flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite
methyl methanesulfonate [no description available]	2.97	4	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen
methylphenidate Methylphenidate: A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.. methylphenidate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of the two threo isomers of methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate. A central stimulant and indirect-acting sympathomimetic, is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hyperactivity disorders in children and for the treatment of narcolepsy.. methyl phenyl(piperidin-2-yl)acetate : A amino acid ester that is methyl phenylacetate in which one of the hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group is replaced by a piperidin-2-yl group.	2.95	4	0	beta-amino acid ester; methyl ester; piperidines
metoclopramide Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.	4.18	5	0	benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; gastrointestinal drug; xenobiotic
metoprolol Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.	4.34	4	1	aromatic ether; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	1.95	1	0	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
mexiletine Mexiletine: Antiarrhythmic agent pharmacologically similar to LIDOCAINE. It may have some anticonvulsant properties.. mexiletine : An aromatic ether which is 2,6-dimethylphenyl ether of 2-aminopropan-1-ol.	4.6	6	1	aromatic ether; primary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere.	1.95	1	0	dibenzoazepine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist
miconazole Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.	6.98	1	0	dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles
midazolam Midazolam: A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.. midazolam : An imidazobenzodiazepine that is 4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted by a methyl, 2-fluorophenyl and chloro groups at positions 1, 6 and 8, respectively.	4.96	2	1	imidazobenzodiazepine; monofluorobenzenes; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; anxiolytic drug; apoptosis inducer; central nervous system depressant; GABAA receptor agonist; general anaesthetic; muscle relaxant; sedative
mitotane Mitotane: A derivative of the insecticide DICHLORODIPHENYLDICHLOROETHANE that specifically inhibits cells of the adrenal cortex and their production of hormones. It is used to treat adrenocortical tumors and causes CNS damage, but no bone marrow depression.	2.1	1	0	diarylmethane
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.71	3	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.	1.96	1	0	ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion	antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
monodansylcadaverine monodansylcadaverine: inhibits cross linkage of fibrin. monodansylcadaverine : A sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid with one of the amino groups of cadaverine.	2.13	1	0	aminonaphthalene; primary amino compound; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	EC 2.3.2.13 (protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; protective agent
myristicin myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin;	2.95	4	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide.	2.4	2	0	benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic
ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies.	2.67	3	0	maleimides	anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor
clorgyline Clorgyline: An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE.. clorgyline : An aromatic ether that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ether of 3-aminopropan-1-ol in which the nitrogen is substituted by a methyl group and a prop-1-yn-3-yl group. A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, it was formerly used as an antidepressant.	3.6	9	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidepressant; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
nalidixic acid [no description available]	3.74	3	0	1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
naphazoline Naphazoline: An adrenergic vasoconstrictor agent used as a decongestant.	2	1	0	naphthalenes
neostigmine Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.	2.04	1	0	quaternary ammonium ion	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
netropsin Netropsin: A basic polypeptide isolated from Streptomyces netropsis. It is cytotoxic and its strong, specific binding to A-T areas of DNA is useful to genetics research.	3.52	2	0
nialamide Nialamide: An MAO inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent.	2.35	2	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
nicardipine Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.	2.39	2	0	benzenes; C-nitro compound; diester; dihydropyridine; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound
nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.	7.72	24	3	C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester	calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent
niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	5.6	9	2	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
nimesulide nimesulide: structure. nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nimodipine Nimodipine: A calcium channel blockader with preferential cerebrovascular activity. It has marked cerebrovascular dilating effects and lowers blood pressure.. nimodipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a (2-methoxyethoxy)carbonyl group at position 3, a m-nitrophenyl group at position 4, and an isopropoxycarbonyl group at position 5. An L-type calcium channel blocker, it acts particularly on cerebral circulation, and is used both orally and intravenously for the prevention and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysm.	3.48	8	0	2-methoxyethyl ester; C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; isopropyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent
nipecotic acid nipecotic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. nipecotic acid : A piperidinemonocarboxylic acid that is piperidine in which one of the hydrogens at position 3 is substituted by a carboxylic acid group.	1.97	1	0	beta-amino acid; piperidinemonocarboxylic acid
nisoxetine nisoxetine: potent inhibitor for norepinephrine uptake into rat brain synaptosomes & brain; NM refers to (+-)-isomer; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. nisoxetine : A secondary amino compound that is N-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine substituted at position 3 by a 2-methoxyphenoxy group.	2.38	2	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant
nitr 5 nitr 5: photosensitive Ca++ chelator; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension.	2.66	3	0	C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent
nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain.	6.15	10	1	nitroglycerol	explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
norfloxacin Norfloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone (FLUOROQUINOLONES) with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin inhibits bacterial DNA GYRASE.. norfloxacin : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin is bactericidal and its mode of action depends on blocking of bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase.	2.21	1	0	fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
nortriptyline Nortriptyline: A metabolite of AMITRIPTYLINE that is also used as an antidepressive agent. Nortriptyline is used in major depression, dysthymia, and atypical depressions.. nortriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(methylamino)propylidene group at position 5. It is an active metabolite of amitriptyline.	2.38	2	0	organic tricyclic compound; secondary amine	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; analgesic; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; drug metabolite
n-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide: structure given in first source. NS-398 : A C-nitro compound that is N-methylsulfonyl-4-nitroaniline bearing an additional cyclohexyloxy substituent at position 2.	3.44	7	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	2.07	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
omeprazole Omeprazole: A 4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridyl, 5-methoxybenzimidazole derivative of timoprazole that is used in the therapy of STOMACH ULCERS and ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME. The drug inhibits an H(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE which is found in GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.. omeprazole : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-omeprazole.. 5-methoxy-2-{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl}-1H-benzimidazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted by a [4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 5.	7.8	7	3	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; pyridines; sulfoxide
ondansetron Ondansetron: A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.	2.9	4	0	carbazoles
oxonic acid Oxonic Acid: Antagonist of urate oxidase.	2.43	2	0	1,3,5-triazines; monocarboxylic acid
oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease).	3.62	9	0	benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound	drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin
oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool.	2.88	4	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine
oxprenolol Oxprenolol: A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.	3.74	2	1	aromatic ether
oxybutynin oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	13.39	36	4	acetylenic compound; carboxylic ester; racemate; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antispasmodic drug; calcium channel blocker; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; muscle relaxant; parasympatholytic
oxymetazoline Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251). oxymetazoline : A member of the class of phenols that is 2,4-dimethylphenol which is substituted at positions 3 and 6 by 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl and tert-butyl groups, respectively. A direct-acting sympathomimetic with marked alpha-adrenergic activity, it is a vasoconstrictor that is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) to relieve nasal congestion.	2.4	2	0	carboxamidine; imidazolines; phenols	alpha-adrenergic agonist; nasal decongestant; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
oxyphenbutazone Oxyphenbutazone: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Oxyphenbutazone eyedrops have been used abroad in the management of postoperative ocular inflammation, superficial eye injuries, and episcleritis. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2000) It had been used by mouth in rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis but such use is no longer considered justified owing to the risk of severe hematological adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p27). oxyphenbutazone : A metabolite of phenylbutazone obtained by hydroxylation at position 4 of one of the phenyl rings. Commonly used (as its hydrate) to treat pain, swelling and stiffness associated with arthritis and gout, it was withdrawn from the market 1984 following association with blood dyscrasis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.	3.45	2	0	phenols; pyrazolidines	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; drug metabolite; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite
quinone benzoquinone : The simplest members of the class of benzoquinones, consisting of cyclohexadiene which is substituted by two oxo groups.. 1,4-benzoquinone : The simplest member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones, obtained by the formal oxidation of hydroquinone to the corresponding diketone. It is a metabolite of benzene.. quinone : Compounds having a fully conjugated cyclic dione structure, such as that of benzoquinones, derived from aromatic compounds by conversion of an even number of -CH= groups into -C(=O)- groups with any necessary rearrangement of double bonds (polycyclic and heterocyclic analogues are included).	8.19	5	0	1,4-benzoquinones	cofactor; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
fenclonine Fenclonine: A selective and irreversible inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE). Fenclonine acts pharmacologically to deplete endogenous levels of serotonin.	2.38	2	0	phenylalanine derivative
4-iodoclonidine 4-iodoclonidine: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
papaverine Papaverine: An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.. papaverine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isoquinoline substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7 and a 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group at position 1. It has been isolated from Papaver somniferum.	4.14	5	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; dimethoxybenzene; isoquinolines	antispasmodic drug; vasodilator agent
4-dichlorobenzene dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4.	7.42	2	0	dichlorobenzene	insecticide
pargyline Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.	3.06	5	0	aromatic amine
pd 98059 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: inhibits MAP kinase kinase (MEK) activity, p42 MAPK and p44 MAPK; structure in first source. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one : A member of the class of monomethoxyflavones that is 3'-methoxyflavone bearing an additional amino substituent at position 2'.	2.78	3	0	aromatic amine; monomethoxyflavone	EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
pentobarbital Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236). pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	2.37	2	0	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
pentoxifylline [no description available]	1.98	1	0	oxopurine
perhexiline Perhexiline: 2-(2,2-Dicyclohexylethyl)piperidine. Coronary vasodilator used especially for angina of effort. It may cause neuropathy and hepatitis.	4.15	5	0	piperidines	cardiovascular drug
phenacetin Saridon: contains phenacetin, caffeine, propyphenazone & pyrithyldione	2.71	3	0	acetamides; aromatic ether	cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
phenindione Phenindione: An indandione that has been used as an anticoagulant. Phenindione has actions similar to WARFARIN, but it is now rarely employed because of its higher incidence of severe adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p234)	2.34	2	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	anticoagulant
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	6.24	11	1	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
phenolsulfonphthalein Phenolsulfonphthalein: Red dye, pH indicator, and diagnostic aid for determination of renal function. It is used also for studies of the gastrointestinal and other systems.. phenol red : 3H-2,1-Benzoxathiole 1,1-dioxide in which both of the hydrogens at position 3 have been substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl groups. A pH indicator changing colour from yellow below pH 6.8 to bright pink above pH 8.2, it is commonly used as an indicator in cell cultures and in home swimming pool test kits. It is also used in the (now infrequently performed) phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) test for estimation of overall blood flow through the kidney.	2	1	0	2,1-benzoxathiole; arenesulfonate ester; phenols; sultone	acid-base indicator; diagnostic agent; two-colour indicator
phenoxybenzamine Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.	3.58	9	0	aromatic amine
phenyl biguanide phenyl biguanide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phenyl biguanide : A member of the class of biguanides that is biguanide in which one of the terminal nitrogen atoms is substituted by a phenyl group.	1.98	1	0	guanidines	central nervous system drug
phenylbutazone Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.. phenylbutazone : A member of the class of pyrazolidines that is 1,2-diphenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione carrying a butyl group at the 4-position.	5.43	12	0	pyrazolidines	antirheumatic drug; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; peripheral nervous system drug
phloretin [no description available]	1.97	1	0	dihydrochalcones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
o-phthalaldehyde o-Phthalaldehyde: A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.. phthalaldehyde : A dialdehyde in which two formyl groups are attached to adjacent carbon centres on a benzene ring.	2.78	3	0	benzaldehydes; dialdehyde	epitope
moxonidine moxonidine: structure given in first source	5.15	45	0	organohalogen compound; pyrimidines
pinacidil Pinacidil: A guanidine that opens POTASSIUM CHANNELS producing direct peripheral vasodilatation of the ARTERIOLES. It reduces BLOOD PRESSURE and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)	2.42	2	0	pyridines
pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol.	3.66	10	0	indoles; secondary amine	antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
piperazine [no description available]	2.85	3	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients.	3.14	5	0	pyridobenzodiazepine	anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	6.85	25	1	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	2.42	2	0	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid: a novel antagonist that selectively blocks P2 purinoceptor receptors; a useful tool to study co-transmission in tissues when ATP and coexisting neurotransmitters act in concert. 5'-phosphopyridoxal-6-azobenzene-2,4-disulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is pyridoxal 5'-phosphate carrying an additional 2,4-disulfophenylazo substituent at position 6.	2.43	2	0	arenesulfonic acid; azobenzenes; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; organic phosphate; pyridinecarbaldehyde	purinergic receptor P2X antagonist
practolol Practolol: A beta-1 adrenergic antagonist that has been used in the emergency treatment of CARDIAC ARRYTHMIAS.. practolol : N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)acetamide in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 3-(isopropylaminoamino)-2-hydroxypropyl group. A selective beta blocker, it has been used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	2.64	3	0	acetamides; ethanolamines; propanolamine; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist
ono 1078 pranlukast: SRS-A antagonist; leukotriene D4 receptor antagonist	2	1	0	chromones
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	2.98	4	0	isoquinolines
prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively.	4.63	10	0	aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	2.38	2	0	diarylmethane
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	8.81	26	3	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
probucol Probucol: A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).. probucol : A dithioketal that is propane-2,2-dithiol in which the hydrogens attached to both sulfur atoms are replaced by 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl groups. An anticholesteremic drug with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it is used to treat high levels of cholesterol in blood.	4.2	5	0	dithioketal; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory drug; anticholesteremic drug; antilipemic drug; antioxidant; cardiovascular drug
procainamide Procainamide: A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.. procainamide : A benzamide that is 4-aminobenzamide substituted on the amide N by a 2-(diethylamino)ethyl group. It is a pharmaceutical antiarrhythmic agent used for the medical treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	7.46	13	2	benzamides	anti-arrhythmia drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol.	2.65	3	0	benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug
proglumide Proglumide: A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.. proglumide : A racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs.. N(2)-benzoyl-N,N-dipropyl-alpha-glutamine : A dicarboxylic acid monoamide obtained by formal condensation of the alpha-carboxy group of N-benzoylglutamic acid with dippropylamine.	1.97	1	0	benzamides; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; glutamine derivative; racemate	anti-ulcer drug; cholecystokinin antagonist; cholinergic antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; drug metabolite; gastrointestinal drug; opioid analgesic; xenobiotic metabolite
propafenone Propafenone: An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.. propafenone : An aromatic ketone that is 3-(propylamino)propane-1,2-diol in which the hydrogen of the primary hydroxy group is replaced by a 2-(3-phenylpropanoyl)phenyl group. It is a class 1C antiarrhythmic drug with local anesthetic effects, and is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias.	2.39	2	0	aromatic ketone; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug
propidium Propidium: Quaternary ammonium analog of ethidium; an intercalating dye with a specific affinity to certain forms of DNA and, used as diiodide, to separate them in density gradients; also forms fluorescent complexes with cholinesterase which it inhibits.	2.7	3	0	phenanthridines; quaternary ammonium ion	fluorochrome; intercalator
propiverine propiverine: anticholinergic used for overactive bladder syndrome	6.91	6	1	diarylmethane
propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.	8.74	36	5	naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine	anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
propyl gallate Propyl Gallate: Antioxidant for foods, fats, oils, ethers, emulsions, waxes, and transformer oils.	1.97	1	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
protopine [no description available]	2.1	1	0	dibenzazecine alkaloid	plant metabolite
protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins.	2.25	1	0
pyrilamine Pyrilamine: A histamine H1 antagonist. It has mild hypnotic properties and some local anesthetic action and is used for allergies (including skin eruptions) both parenterally and locally. It is a common ingredient of cold remedies.. mepyramine : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethylenediamine in which one of the amino nitrogens is substituted by two methyl groups and the remaining amino nitrogen is substituted by a 4-methoxybenzyl and a pyridin-2-yl group.	3.07	5	0	aromatic ether; ethylenediamine derivative	H1-receptor antagonist
quipazine Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.	2.65	3	0	piperazines; pyridines
resorcinol resorcinol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7951. resorcinol : A benzenediol that is benzene dihydroxylated at positions 1 and 3.	2.11	1	0	benzenediol; phenolic donor; resorcinols	erythropoietin inhibitor; sensitiser
pf 5901 alpha-pentyl-3-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)benzenemethanol: structure given in first source; platelet activating factor antagonist	2.68	3	0	quinolines
risperidone Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2.	2.43	2	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ritanserin Ritanserin: A selective and potent serotonin-2 antagonist that is effective in the treatment of a variety of syndromes related to anxiety and depression. The drug also improves the subjective quality of sleep and decreases portal pressure.. ritanserin : A thiazolopyrimidine that is 5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one which is substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 6 by a 2-{4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl group. A potent and long-acting seratonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) antagonist of the subtype 5-HT2 (Ki = 0.39 nM), it is used in the treatment of a variety of disorders including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. It has little sedative action.	1.98	1	0	organofluorine compound; piperidines; thiazolopyrimidine	antidepressant; antipsychotic agent; anxiolytic drug; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist
ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor	2.1	1	0	imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides	EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone: Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.	1.96	1	0	methoxybenzenes
rolipram [no description available]	2	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones	antidepressant; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor
ropinirole [no description available]	2.04	1	0	indolones; tertiary amine	antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; central nervous system drug; dopamine agonist
safrole Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive.	2.94	4	0	benzodioxoles	flavouring agent; insecticide; metabolite; plant metabolite
sanguinarine benzophenanthridine alkaloid : A specific group of isoquinoline alkaloids that occur only in higher plants and are constituents mainly of the Papaveraceae family.	3.14	1	0	alkaloid antibiotic; benzophenanthridine alkaloid; botanical anti-fungal agent
sdz 205-557 [no description available]	2.01	1	0	methoxybenzoic acid
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	1.95	1	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sodium fluoride [no description available]	3.22	6	0	fluoride salt	mutagen
iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom.	1.97	1	0	haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound	alkylating agent
ipodate Ipodate: Ionic monomeric contrast media. Usually the sodium or calcium salts are used for examination of the gall bladder and biliary tract. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p704)	1.96	1	0
sotalol Sotalol: An adrenergic beta-antagonist that is used in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.. sotalol : A sulfonamide that is N-phenylmethanesulfonamide in which the phenyl group is substituted at position 4 by a 1-hydroxy-2-(isopropylamino)ethyl group. It has both beta-adrenoreceptor blocking (Vaughan Williams Class II) and cardiac action potential duration prolongation (Vaughan Williams Class III) antiarrhythmic properties. It is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) for the management of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.	4.17	5	0	ethanolamines; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound; sulfonamide	anti-arrhythmia drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively.	2.89	4	0	aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
streptonigrin [no description available]	1.94	1	0	pyridines; quinolone	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent
vorinostat Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME.. vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL).	2.47	2	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
sulfinpyrazone Sulfinpyrazone: A uricosuric drug that is used to reduce the serum urate levels in gout therapy. It lacks anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and diuretic properties.	5.91	14	0	pyrazolidines; sulfoxide	uricosuric drug
sulfobromophthalein Sulfobromophthalein: A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.	3.04	5	0	2-benzofurans; organobromine compound; organosulfonic acid; phenols	dye
sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine.	2.91	4	0	benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide	antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.9	4	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
temozolomide [no description available]	2.53	2	0	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia	3.03	1	0	furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent
terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group.	1.97	1	0	phenylethanolamines; resorcinols	anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent
tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90)	2.9	4	0	quaternary ammonium ion
3-hydroxyaspartic acid 3-hydroxyaspartic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-hydroxyaspartic acid : A hydroxy-amino acid that is aspartic acid in which one of the methylene hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; aspartic acid derivative; C4-dicarboxylic acid; hydroxy-amino acid
thalidomide Thalidomide: A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.. thalidomide : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of R- and S-thalidomide.. 2-(2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione : A dicarboximide that is isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2,6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl group.	2.34	2	0	phthalimides; piperidones
2,4-thiazolidinedione thiazolidine-2,4-dione: structure in first source. 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione : A thiazolidenedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2	1	0	thiazolidenedione
thioridazine Thioridazine: A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the management of PHYCOSES, including SCHIZOPHRENIA.. thioridazine : A phenothiazine derivative having a methylsulfanyl subsitituent at the 2-position and a (1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl] group at the N-10 position.	2.35	2	0	phenothiazines; piperidines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
ticlopidine Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.. ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.	3.87	3	0	monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; hematologic agent; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
tilorone Tilorone: An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions.. tilorone : A member of the class of fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluoren-9-one which is substituted by a 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy group at positions 2 and 7. It is an interferon inducer and a selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) agonist. Its hydrochloride salt is used as an antiviral drug.	2.36	2	0	aromatic ether; diether; fluoren-9-ones; tertiary amino compound	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; interferon inducer; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tizanidine tizanidine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tizanidine : 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole substituted at C-4 by a Delta(1)-imidazolin-2-ylamino group and at C-4 by a chloro group. It is an agonist at alpha2-adrenergic receptor sites.	2.44	2	0	benzothiadiazole; imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic agonist; muscle relaxant
8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.07	5	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid
nikethamide Nikethamide: A central nervous system stimulant. It was formerly used in the treatment of barbiturate overdose but is now considered to be of no value for such purposes and may be dangerous. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1229)	1.94	1	0	pyridinecarboxamide
tolazoline Tolazoline: A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.. tolazoline : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole substituted by a benzyl group.	1.99	1	0	imidazoles	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; vasodilator agent
tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position.	3.61	9	0	N-sulfonylurea	human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker
tolmetin Tolmetin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN.. tolmetin : A monocarboxylic acid that is (1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetic acid substituted at position 5 on the pyrrole ring by a 4-methylbenzoyl group. Used in the form of its sodium salt dihydrate as a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.	1.96	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; pyrroles	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
n,n,n',n'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine: a zinc ion chelating agent; structure given in first source. N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine : An N-substituted diamine that is ethylenediamine in which the four amino hydrogens are replaced by 2-pyridylmethyl groups.	2.92	4	0	N-substituted diamine; pyridines; tertiary amino compound	apoptosis inducer; chelator; copper chelator
triamterene Triamterene: A pteridinetriamine compound that inhibits SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS.. triamterene : Pteridine substituted at positions 2, 4 and 7 with amino groups and at position 6 with a phenyl group. A sodium channel blocker, it is used as a diuretic in the treatment of hypertension and oedema.	2.03	1	0	pteridines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
triazolam Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	1.97	1	0	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
triclosan [no description available]	2.38	2	0	aromatic ether; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.3.1.9 [enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)] inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; fungicide; persistent organic pollutant; xenobiotic
trifluoperazine [no description available]	2.37	2	0	N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines	antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
tyramine [no description available]	3.23	6	0	monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
urethane [no description available]	2.48	2	0	carbamate ester	fungal metabolite; mutagen
usnic acid [no description available]	12.03	357	1	benzofurans
w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist	2.38	2	0
zinc chloride zinc chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. zinc dichloride : A compound of zinc and chloride ions in the ratio 1:2. It exists in four crystalline forms, in each of which the Zn(2+) ions are trigonal planar coordinated to four chloride ions.	2.05	1	0	inorganic chloride; zinc molecular entity	astringent; disinfectant; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; Lewis acid
zolpidem Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.. zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position.	4.37	1	1	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
zomepirac zomepirac: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.96	1	0	aromatic ketone; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrroles	cardiovascular drug; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
zopiclone zopiclone: S(+)-enantiomer of racemic zopiclone; azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; was term of zopiclone 2004-2007. zopiclone : A pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyrazine compound having a 4-methylpiperazine-1-carboxyl group at the 5-position, a 5-chloropyridin-2-yl group at the 6-position and an oxo-substituent at the 7-position.	2.03	1	0	monochloropyridine; pyrrolopyrazine	central nervous system depressant; sedative
mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.	1.98	1	0	mitomycin	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent
corticosterone [no description available]	3.66	9	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	3.38	7	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
lysergic acid diethylamide Lysergic Acid Diethylamide: Semisynthetic derivative of ergot (Claviceps purpurea). It has complex effects on serotonergic systems including antagonism at some peripheral serotonin receptors, both agonist and antagonist actions at central nervous system serotonin receptors, and possibly effects on serotonin turnover. It is a potent hallucinogen, but the mechanisms of that effect are not well understood.. lysergic acid diethylamide : An ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.	3.09	5	0	ergoline alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound	dopamine agonist; hallucinogen; serotonergic agonist
reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria.	4.27	19	0	alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.	3.5	8	0	imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	1.97	1	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
thymidine [no description available]	5.6	18	1	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	2.46	2	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
2-aminophenol [no description available]	2.48	2	0	aminophenol	bacterial metabolite
hydroxyproline Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.. hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group.	3.41	7	0	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	8.88	66	3	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
dibenzylchlorethamine Dibenzylchlorethamine: An alpha adrenergic antagonist.	1.96	1	0
dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine: The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.. (S)-amphetamine : A 1-phenylpropan-2-amine that has S configuration.	2.88	4	0	1-phenylpropan-2-amine	adrenergic agent; adrenergic uptake inhibitor; dopamine uptake inhibitor; dopaminergic agent; neurotoxin; sympathomimetic agent
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	6.61	81	0	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	2.46	2	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
prednisolone acetate prednisolone acetate: RN given refers to cpd with locant for acetate group in position 21 & (11 beta)-isomer	2.51	2	0	corticosteroid hormone
aldosterone [no description available]	3.11	5	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
norethandrolone Norethandrolone: A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity.	1.94	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
prednisone Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.. prednisone : A synthetic glucocorticoid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant, and affects virtually all of the immune system. Prednisone is a prodrug that is converted by the liver into prednisolone (a beta-hydroxy group instead of the oxo group at position 11), which is the active drug and also a steroid.	5.07	10	1	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; immunosuppressive agent; prodrug
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	2.36	2	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dehydroepiandrosterone Dehydroepiandrosterone: A major C19 steroid produced by the ADRENAL CORTEX. It is also produced in small quantities in the TESTIS and the OVARY. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be converted to TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE. Most of DHEA is sulfated (DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE) before secretion.. dehydroepiandrosterone : An androstanoid that is androst-5-ene substituted by a beta-hydroxy group at position 3 and an oxo group at position 17. It is a naturally occurring steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands.	2.01	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; androstanoid	androgen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
penicillin g Penicillin G: A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.. benzylpenicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a phenylacetamido group.	2.38	2	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug; drug allergen; epitope
idoxuridine [no description available]	1.94	1	0	organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor
metaraminol Metaraminol: A sympathomimetic agent that acts predominantly at alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been used primarily as a vasoconstrictor in the treatment of HYPOTENSION.. metaraminol : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is 2-amino-1-phenylethanol substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a phenolic hydroxy group at position 1. A sympathomimetic agent , it is used in the treatment of hypotension.	1.94	1	0	phenylethanolamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
pilocarpine Pilocarpine: A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.. (+)-pilocarpine : The (+)-enantiomer of pilocarpine.	2.4	2	0	pilocarpine	antiglaucoma drug
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide: A selective nicotinic cholinergic agonist used as a research tool. DMPP activates nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia but has little effect at the neuromuscular junction.	1.99	1	0	N-arylpiperazine; organic iodide salt; piperazinium salt; quaternary ammonium salt	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
pentylenetetrazole Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.	3.74	10	0	organic heterobicyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	9.41	52	4	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	3.11	5	0	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
isoflurophate Isoflurophate: A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	2.66	3	0	dialkyl phosphate
biguanides Biguanides: Derivatives of biguanide (the structure formula HN(C(NH)NH2)2) that are primarily used as oral HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS for the treatment of DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2 and PREDIABETES.. biguanides : A class of oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus or prediabetes treatment. They have a structure based on the 2-carbamimidoylguanidine skeleton.	4.36	4	1	guanidines
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	4.33	19	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
cantharidin Cantharidin: A toxic compound, isolated from the Spanish fly or blistering beetle (Lytta (Cantharis) vesicatoria) and other insects. It is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A). This compound can produce severe skin inflammation, and is extremely toxic if ingested orally.. cantharidin : A monoterpenoid with an epoxy-bridged cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride structure secreted by many species of blister beetle, and most notably by the Spanish fly, Lytta vesicatoria. Natural toxin inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A.	3.76	3	0	cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride; monoterpenoid	EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; herbicide
alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.	3.52	8	0	alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.96	4	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings.	2.41	2	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.	1.96	1	0	C-nitro compound; quinoline N-oxide	carcinogenic agent
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	3.78	11	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.	2.88	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.	3.26	6	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	4.07	15	0	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	2.36	2	0	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
sulfamic acid sulfamic acid: standard in alkalimetry; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfamic acid : The simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms.	2.87	3	0	sulfamic acids
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	3.72	10	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.54	2	0	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
chlordan Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.73	3	0	cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide	GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; persistent organic pollutant
tubocurarine Tubocurarine: A neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in CURARE; plant based alkaloid of Menispermaceae.. tubocurarine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid muscle relaxant which constitutes the active component of curare.. isoquinoline alkaloid : Any alkaloid that has a structure based on an isoquinoline nucleus. They are derived from the amino acids like tyrosine and phenylalanine.	2.88	4	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid	drug allergen; muscle relaxant; nicotinic antagonist
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	4.62	8	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.	3.85	12	0	aporphine alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug
aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.	3.21	6	0	pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound	antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone: A synthetic hormone used for androgen replacement therapy and as an hormonal antineoplastic agent (ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, HORMONAL).. methyltestosterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone bearing a methyl group at the 17alpha position.	2.13	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; enone	anabolic agent; androgen; antineoplastic agent
tetrabenazine 9,10-dimethoxy-3-isobutyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinolin-2-one : A benzoquinolizine that is 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene in which the carbon at position 10a is replaced by a nitrogen and which is substituted by an isobutyl group at position 2, an oxo group at position 3, and methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7.	3.66	10	0	benzoquinolizine; cyclic ketone; tertiary amino compound
puromycin aminonucleoside 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine: structure in first source. 3'-amino-3'-deoxy-N(6),N(6)-dimethyladenosine : Puromycin derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring.	2.17	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines
adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.	4.66	28	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
triphenylethylene [no description available]	1.98	1	0	stilbenoid
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for tetrachlorophenol with locants for chloro groups not specified. 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 6.	6.74	73	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
uridine [no description available]	6.56	6	2	uridines	drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite
uridine monophosphate Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.	5.89	6	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.	2.07	1	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.	2.48	2	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.89	4	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	3.45	7	0	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
piperoxan Piperoxan: A benzodioxane alpha-adrenergic blocking agent with considerable stimulatory action. It has been used to diagnose PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA and as an antihypertensive agent.	1.94	1	0
phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring.	5.25	20	0	phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound	alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent
levodopa Levodopa: The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.. L-dopa : An optically active form of dopa having L-configuration. Used to treat the stiffness, tremors, spasms, and poor muscle control of Parkinson's disease	3.43	7	0	amino acid zwitterion; dopa; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	allelochemical; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopaminergic agent; hapten; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; prodrug
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.89	4	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	1.95	1	0	azobenzenes
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	3.56	2	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	4.42	21	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine	EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
cysteamine Cysteamine: A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.. cysteamine : An amine that consists of an ethane skeleton substituted with a thiol group at C-1 and an amino group at C-2.	1.96	1	0	amine; thiol	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; radiation protective agent
methoxamine Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.. methoxamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group and the phenyl ring is 2- and 5-substituted with methoxy groups. It is an antihypotensive agent (pressor), an agonist acting directly at alpha-adrenoceptors with selectivity for the alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype similar to phenylephrine .	2.07	1	0	amphetamines	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypotensive agent
adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position.	4.39	6	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	2.08	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
n,n-dimethyltryptamine N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: An N-methylated indoleamine derivative and serotonergic hallucinogen which occurs naturally and ubiquitously in several plant species including Psychotria veridis. It also occurs in trace amounts in mammalian brain, blood, and urine, and is known to act as an agonist or antagonist of certain SEROTONIN RECEPTORS.. N,N-dimethyltryptamine : A tryptamine derivative having two N-methyl substituents on the side-chain.	1.95	1	0	tryptamine alkaloid; tryptamines
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.03	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
4-toluenesulfonic acid 4-toluenesulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; other RNs in 9th CI Form Index. toluene-4-sulfonic acid : An arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen at position 4 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.08	1	0	arenesulfonic acid; toluenes
zoxazolamine Zoxazolamine: A uricosuric and muscle relaxant. Zoxazolamine acts centrally as a muscle relaxant, but the mechanism of its action is not understood.	4.47	4	0	benzoxazole
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	7.23	12	1	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethyl methanesulfonate Ethyl Methanesulfonate: An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.. ethyl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester resulting from the formal condensation of methanesulfonic acid with ethanol.	2	1	0	methanesulfonate ester	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen; teratogenic agent
methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)	3.23	6	0	quaternary ammonium salt
aniline [no description available]	7.97	4	0	anilines; primary arylamine
dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents.	2.45	2	0	nitrosamine	geroprotector; mutagen
androstenedione Androstenedione: A delta-4 C19 steroid that is produced not only in the TESTIS, but also in the OVARY and the ADRENAL CORTEX. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to TESTOSTERONE as well as ESTRONE and ESTRADIOL.. androst-4-ene-3,17-dione : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is androst-4-ene substituted by oxo groups at positions 3 and 17. It is a steroid hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads.	2.7	3	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; androstanoid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
carbaryl Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.	3.04	1	0	carbamate ester; naphthalenes	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant growth retardant
uridine triphosphate Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.9	4	0	pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate; uridine 5'-phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	3.35	6	0	lactose
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	6.23	5	1	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS.	2.91	4	0
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	5.52	12	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
desoxycorticosterone Desoxycorticosterone: A steroid metabolite that is the 11-deoxy derivative of CORTICOSTERONE and the 21-hydroxy derivative of PROGESTERONE	2.38	2	0	20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions.	8.06	24	2	alkaloid; colchicine	anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen
cytidine [no description available]	3.49	2	0	cytidines	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-hexanal [no description available]	2.31	1	0	medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde	human urinary metabolite
strophanthidin Strophanthidin: 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin.	2.67	3	0	14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; cardenolides; steroid aldehyde
oxacillin Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.. oxacillin : A penicillin antibiotic carrying a 5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazole-4-carboxamide group at position 6beta.	2.48	2	0	penicillin	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug
cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.	2.88	4	0	antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor
ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.	3.69	9	0	psoralens	plant metabolite
egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively.	5.31	55	0	diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
chloroform Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	3.6	9	0	chloromethanes; one-carbon compound	carcinogenic agent; central nervous system drug; inhalation anaesthetic; non-polar solvent; refrigerant
fluocinolone acetonide Fluocinolone Acetonide: A glucocorticoid derivative used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. It is usually employed as a cream, gel, lotion, or ointment. It has also been used topically in the treatment of inflammatory eye, ear, and nose disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p732). fluocinolone acetonide : A fluorinated steroid that is flunisolide in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by fluorine. A corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used (both as the anhydrous form and as the dihydrate) in creams, gels and ointments for the treatment of various skin disorders.	1.94	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
gliotoxin Gliotoxin: A fungal toxin produced by various species of Trichoderma, Gladiocladium fimbriatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Penicillium. It is used as an immunosuppressive agent.. gliotoxin : A pyrazinoindole with a disulfide bridge spanning a dioxo-substituted pyrazine ring; mycotoxin produced by several species of fungi.	2.21	1	0	dipeptide; organic disulfide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; pyrazinoindole	antifungal agent; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; proteasome inhibitor
dimethylformamide Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.	2.48	2	0	formamides; volatile organic compound	geroprotector; hepatotoxic agent; polar aprotic solvent
norethindrone Norethindrone: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE but functioning as a more potent inhibitor of ovulation. It has weak estrogenic and androgenic properties. The hormone has been used in treating amenorrhea, functional uterine bleeding, endometriosis, and for CONTRACEPTION.. norethisterone : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the hydrogen at position 17 is replaced by an ethynyl group and in which the methyl group attached to position 10 is replaced by hydrogen.	1.94	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound; tertiary alcohol	progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
benziodarone benziodarone: minor descriptor (75-89); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search BENZOFURANS (68-89) & IODOBENZOATES (74)	6.94	41	2	aromatic ketone
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	3.06	5	0	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
mannitol [no description available]	3.08	5	0	mannitol	allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent
cytarabine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.	4.24	2	0	nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
phenacyl bromide phenacyl bromide: structure. phenacyl bromide : An alpha-bromoketone that is acetophenone substituted by a bromo group at position 2.	2.05	1	0	acetophenones; alpha-bromoketone	metabolite
ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5.	2	1	0	non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine	algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite
dinitrofluorobenzene Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.. 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene : The organofluorine compound that is benzene with a fluoro substituent at the 1-position and two nitro substituents in the 2- and 4-positions.	2.42	2	0	C-nitro compound; organofluorine compound	agrochemical; allergen; chromatographic reagent; EC 2.7.3.2 (creatine kinase) inhibitor; protein-sequencing agent; spectrophotometric reagent
histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3.	2.66	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia.	6.64	15	1	pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; plant metabolite
valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine.	10.7	19	1	L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group.	2.13	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mestranol [no description available]	2.34	2	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; terminal acetylenic compound	prodrug; xenoestrogen
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)	2.44	2	0	chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	xenobiotic metabolite
cordycepin [no description available]	1.98	1	0	3'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines	antimetabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	3.5	8	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	6.16	9	1	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
ethane Ethane: A two carbon alkane with the formula H3C-CH3.. ethane : An alkane comprising of two carbon atoms.	2.38	2	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	plant metabolite; refrigerant
acetylene [no description available]	8.64	9	0	alkyne; gas molecular entity; terminal acetylenic compound
methyl iodide methyl iodide: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd with MF of CH3-I. iodomethane : A member of the class of iodomethanes that is methane in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by iodine.	2.1	1	0	iodomethanes; methyl halides	fumigant insecticide
boranes Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). borane : The simplest borane, consisting of a single boron atom carrying three hydrogens.. boranes : The molecular hydrides of boron.	2.8	3	0	boranes; mononuclear parent hydride
propane Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3.	2.05	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity	food propellant
vinyl chloride Vinyl Chloride: A gas that has been used as an aerosol propellant and is the starting material for polyvinyl resins. Toxicity studies have shown various adverse effects, particularly the occurrence of liver neoplasms.. chloroethene : A monohaloethene that is ethene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a chloro group.	2.03	1	0	chloroethenes; gas molecular entity; monohaloethene	carcinogenic agent
acetonitrile acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.	8.78	10	0	aliphatic nitrile; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; NMR chemical shift reference compound; polar aprotic solvent
methylene chloride Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.	2.38	2	0	chloromethanes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; polar aprotic solvent; refrigerant
cyclopropane cyclopropane : A cycloalkane composed of three carbon atoms to form a ring.	9.3	5	0	cycloalkane; cyclopropanes	inhalation anaesthetic
ethylene oxide Ethylene Oxide: A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794). oxirane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a three-membered heterocycle of two carbon atoms and one oxygen atom.	2.47	2	0	gas molecular entity; oxacycle; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	allergen; mouse metabolite; mutagen
bromodichloromethane bromodichloromethane: RN given refers to parent cpd. bromodichloromethane : A halomethane that is dichloromethane in which oneof the hydrogens has been replaced by a bromine atom. It occurs as a contaminant in drinking water.	2.02	1	0	halomethane	environmental contaminant; reagent
tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes.	2.91	4	0	alkyl hydroperoxide	antibacterial agent; oxidising agent
trifluoroacetic acid Trifluoroacetic Acid: A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.. trifluoroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the trifluoro derivative of acetic acid.	2.05	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	human xenobiotic metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; reagent
triamcinolone acetonide Triamcinolone Acetonide: An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.. triamcinolone acetonide : A synthetic glucocorticoid that is the 16,17-acetonide of triamcinolone. Used to treat various skin infections.	4.4	4	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; cyclic ketal; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects.	7.63	44	1	benzenes; piperidines	anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug
tromethamine Tromethamine: An organic amine proton acceptor. It is used in the synthesis of surface-active agents and pharmaceuticals; as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, as a biological buffer, and used as an alkalizer. (From Merck, 11th ed; Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1424)	2.35	2	0	primary amino compound; triol	buffer
quinic acid (-)-quinic acid : The (-)-enantiomer of quinic acid.	2.08	1	0
pentaerythritol tetranitrate Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate: A vasodilator with general properties similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a more prolonged duration of action. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1025). pentaerythritol tetranitrate : A pentaerythritol nitrate in which all four hydroxy groups of pentaerythritol have been converted to the corresponding nitrate ester. It is a vasodilator with properties similar to those of glyceryl trinitrate, but with a more prolonged duration of action, and is used for treatment of angina pectoris. It is also one of the most powerful high explosives known and is a component of the plastic explosive known as Semtex.	4.02	3	1	pentaerythritol nitrate	explosive; vasodilator agent
isopentane [no description available]	2.17	1	0	alkane	refrigerant
isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds.	2.06	1	0	alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound	plant metabolite
trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups.	2.02	1	0	chloroethenes	inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite
acrylamide [no description available]	2.15	1	0	acrylamides; N-acylammonia; primary carboxamide	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; Maillard reaction product; mutagen; neurotoxin
acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group.	7.78	3	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid	metabolite
tetrabromobisphenol a tetrabromobisphenol A: a brominated flame retardant. 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A : A bromobisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups and the phenyl rings are substituted by bromo groups at positions 2, 2', 6 and 6'. It is a brominated flame retardant.	2.43	2	0	brominated flame retardant; bromobisphenol
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	5.03	2	1	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
cumene hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group.	2.39	2	0	peroxol	environmental contaminant; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; oxidising agent
rhodamine b rhodamine B: RN & N1 from 9th CI Form Index; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7973; TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE was see RHODAMINES 1975-93; use RHODAMINES to search TETRAETHYLRHODAMINE 1975-93. rhodamine B : An organic chloride salt having N-[9-(2-carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-3H-xanthen-3-ylidene]-N-ethylethanaminium as the counterion. An amphoteric dye commonly used as a fluorochrome.	2.78	3	0	organic chloride salt; xanthene dye	fluorescent probe; fluorochrome; histological dye
cotarnine cotarnine: structure	1.96	1	0	isoquinolines
visnagin visnagin: from Musineon divaricatum. visnagin : A furanochromone that is furo[3,2-g]chromen-5-one which is substituted at positions 4 and 7 by methoxy and methyl groups, respectively. Found in the toothpick-plant, Ammi visnaga.	2.52	2	0	aromatic ether; furanochromone; polyketide	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; EC 1.1.1.37 (malate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; phytotoxin; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent
quintozene quintozene: active ingredient of variety of fungicides. pentachloronitrobenzene : A C-nitro compound that is nitrobenzene in which every hydrogen has been replaced by a chlorine. A fungicide used on a variety of crops, including cotton, rice and seed grains, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.	2.49	2	0	aromatic fungicide; C-nitro compound; pentachlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical
acenaphthene [no description available]	2.39	2	0	acenaphthenes
methylprednisolone Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.. 6alpha-methylprednisolone : The 6alpha-stereoisomer of 6-methylprednisolone.	2.72	3	0	6-methylprednisolone; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antiemetic; environmental contaminant; neuroprotective agent; xenobiotic
lawsone lawsone: a molluscacide from leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. topical sunscreening agent; structure; powdered leaves of Lawsonia inermis(Lythraceae) used as brown hair dye. lawsone : 1,4-Naphthoquinone carrying a hydroxy function at C-2. It is obtained from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis.	2.03	1	0
rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds.	3.29	6	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin
dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone dichlorodicyanobenzoquinone: request from searcher	2.06	1	0
diisobutyl phthalate diisobutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of isobutanol.	2.1	1	0	diester; phthalate ester	plasticiser; PPAR modulator; teratogenic agent
phthalimide phthalimide: RN given refers to parent cpd. phthalimide : A dicarboximide that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole substituted by oxo groups at positions 1 and 3.	2.48	2	0	phthalimides
fluorene [no description available]	5.18	15	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
carbazole carbazole: structure in first source	5.08	13	0	carbazole
1-naphthaleneacetic acid 1-naphthaleneacetic acid: a plant growth regulator; RN given refers to parent cpd. naphthylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is naphthalene substituted by a carboxymethyl group at any position.. 1-naphthaleneacetic acid : A naphthylacetic acid substituted by a carboxymethyl group at position 1.	2.17	1	0	naphthylacetic acid	synthetic auxin
isosorbide dinitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate: A vasodilator used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS. Its actions are similar to NITROGLYCERIN but with a slower onset of action.	2.87	4	0	glucitol derivative; nitrate ester	nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent
phthalide 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one : A gamma-lactone that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran in which the hydrogens at position 1 are replaced by an oxo group.. isobenzofuranone : A 2-benzofuran containing one or more oxo groups.	9.23	169	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone
1,2,3-trichlorobenzene trichlorobenzene: commercial grade of trichlorobenzene containing 70% 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene & 30% 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene; see also record for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. trichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.. 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.	2.49	2	0	trichlorobenzene
hexachlorobutadiene hexachlorobutadiene: a potent nephrotoxicant in rats; structure	2.06	1	0	organochlorine compound
2,4,6-trichlorophenol [no description available]	3.29	6	0	trichlorophenol	carcinogenic agent
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
2-furoic acid 2-furoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. furoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of a furan ring having a single carboxylic acid group on any ring position and derivatives thereof.. 2-furoic acid : A furoic acid having the carboxylic acid group located at position 2.	2.02	1	0	furoic acid	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; inhibitor; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
picryl chloride Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).. 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene : The C-nitro compound that is chlorobenzene with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.13	1	0	C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes	allergen; epitope; explosive; hapten
thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene.	2.52	2	0	monoterpenoid; phenols	volatile oil component
salicylaldehyde o-hydroxybenzaldehyde: structure in first source	3.37	6	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde	nematicide; plant metabolite
aminacrine Aminacrine: A highly fluorescent anti-infective dye used clinically as a topical antiseptic and experimentally as a mutagen, due to its interaction with DNA. It is also used as an intracellular pH indicator.. 9-aminoacridine : An aminoacridine that is acridine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by an amino group. A fluorescent dyd and topical antiseptic agent, it is used (usually as the hydrochloride salt) in eye drops for the treatment of superficial eye infections.	1.97	1	0	aminoacridines; primary amino compound	acid-base indicator; antiinfective agent; antiseptic drug; fluorescent dye; MALDI matrix material; mutagen
xanthone xanthone : The parent compound of the xanthone class consisting of xanthene bearing a single oxo substituent at position 9.	2.49	2	0	xanthones	insecticide
decalin decalin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; don't confuse with decaline which has a nitrogen at the juncture of the two rings;. trans-decalin : The trans-stereoisomer of decalin.. decalin : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is the decahydro- derivative of naphthalene.	2.04	1	0	ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon	solvent
quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4.	21.37	234	81	mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene
quinoline [no description available]	2	1	0	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinolines
isatin tribulin: endogenous MONOAMINE OXIDASE inhibitory activity extractable into ethyl acetate found in brain and many mammalian tissues and fluids; ISATIN is a major component; produced in excess following alcohol withdrawal;	8.22	5	0	indoledione	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
2-naphthylamine 2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2.	9.28	7	1	naphthylamine	carcinogenic agent
3,3'-diaminobenzidine 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine: A chemically and thermodynamically stable derivative of BENZIDINE.. 3,3'-diaminobenzidine : A member of the class of biphenyls that is benzidine in which one of the hydrogens ortho to each of the amino groups has been replaced by an amino group.	1.97	1	0	biphenyls; substituted aniline	histological dye
naphthacene tetracene : An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.	2.03	1	0	acene; tetracenes
tolonium chloride Tolonium Chloride: A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery.. tolonium chloride : An organic chloride salt having 3-amino-7-(dimethylamino)-2-methylphenothiazin-5-ium (tolonium) as the counterion. It is a blue nuclear counterstain that can be used to demonstrate Nissl substance and is also useful for staining mast cell granules, both in metachromatic and orthochromatic techniques.	2.35	2	0
diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure	4.44	21	0	aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls	antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative
4-phenylphenol 4-phenylphenol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. biphenyl-4-ol : A member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl carrying a hydroxy group at position 4.	2.08	1	0	hydroxybiphenyls
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	12.56	57	0	xanthene
veratric acid veratric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is benzoic acid substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 3.	2.08	1	0	benzoic acids	allergen; plant metabolite
2-naphthoic acid 2-naphthoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthoic acid : A naphthoic acid that is naphthalene carrying a carboxy group at position 2.	2.31	1	0	naphthoic acid	mouse metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
methyleugenol methyleugenol: structure	2.47	2	0	phenylpropanoid
propylparaben Parabens: Methyl, propyl, butyl, and ethyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. They have been approved by the FDA as antimicrobial agents for foods and pharmaceuticals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed, p872)	3.15	5	0	benzoate ester; paraben; phenols	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent
2,4-d n-butyl ester [no description available]	2.08	1	0
indene indene: structure in first source. 1H-indene : An ortho-fused bicyclic arene comprising of benzene and cyclopentene rings.	2.39	2	0	indene; ortho-fused bicyclic arene
benzotriazole benzotriazole: inhibitor of atmospheric metal corrosion; also component of motion picture film & Neva brake fluid. benzotriazole : The simplest member of the class of benzotriazoles that consists of a benzene nucleus fused to a 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring.	2.75	3	0	benzotriazoles	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
benzothiophene [no description available]	5.99	32	0	1-benzothiophenes; benzothiophene
benzothiazole benzothiazole: structure. benzothiazole : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is a fusion product between benzene and thiazole. The parent of the class of benzothiazoles.	3.18	5	0	benzothiazoles	environmental contaminant; plant metabolite; xenobiotic
2-dichlorobenzene 2-dichlorobenzene: structure. 1,2-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2.	3.33	6	0	dichlorobenzene	hepatotoxic agent; metabolite
2-bromophenol bromophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded bromine atoms.	3.43	7	0	bromophenol	marine metabolite
2-chlorophenol chlorophenol : A halophenol that is any phenol containing one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms.	4.37	19	0	2-halophenol; monochlorophenol
3,4-dichloroaniline 3,4-dichloroaniline : A dichloroaniline having the two chloro-substituents at the 3- and 4-positions.	3.06	1	0	dichloroaniline	epitope; xenobiotic
1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5.	2.08	1	0	tetrachlorobenzene
2,4,5-trichlorophenol 2,4,5-trichlorophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 2,4,5-trichlorophenol : A trichlorophenol carrying chloro groups at positions 2, 4 and 5.	3.14	5	0	trichlorophenol
4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	6.94	52	0	butan-4-olide	metabolite; neurotoxin
furfuryl alcohol furfuryl alcohol: structure. furfuryl alcohol : A furan bearing a hydroxymethyl substituent at the 2-position.	2.25	1	0	furans; primary alcohol	Maillard reaction product
furaldehyde Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.	1.94	1	0	aldehyde; furans	Maillard reaction product; metabolite
benzenesulfonyl chloride benzenesulfonyl chloride: structure	2.11	1	0
pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid: A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism.. 5-oxo-L-proline : An optically active form of 5-oxoproline having L-configuration.	2.08	1	0	5-oxoproline; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	algal metabolite
1-phenethylamine 1-phenethylamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1-phenylethylamine : A phenylethylamine that is ethylamine substituted by a phenyl group at position 1.	2.07	1	0	phenylethylamine	human metabolite
acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group.	2.31	1	0	acetophenones	animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
nitrobenzene nitrobenzene : A nitroarene consisting of benzene carrying a single nitro substituent. An industrial chemical used widely in the production of aniline.	2.02	1	0	nitroarene; nitrobenzenes
alpha-resorcylic acid alpha-resorcylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5.	2.08	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid; resorcinols	metabolite
carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively.	1.98	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones	allergen
4-bromophenacyl bromide 4-bromophenacyl bromide: phospholipidase A(2) inhibitor; structure	2.38	2	0
methylparaben methylparaben: used as a preservative in cosmetics but potentiates UV-induced damage of skin; RN given refers to parent cpd. methylparaben : A 4-hydroxybenzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol. It is the most frequently used antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics. It occurs naturally in several fruits, particularly in blueberries.	2.06	1	0	paraben	antifungal agent; antimicrobial food preservative; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
gamma-terpinene gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton.	2.42	2	0	cyclohexadiene; monoterpene	antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
4-hydroxyacetophenone 4-hydroxyacetophenone: promotes secretion of bile & bile salts, which promotes griseofulvin absorption in the duodenum. 4'-hydroxyacetophenone : A monohydroxyacetophenone carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4'.	2.05	1	0	monohydroxyacetophenone	fungal metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-nitroaniline [no description available]	2.13	1	0	nitroaniline	bacterial xenobiotic metabolite
ethylbenzene [no description available]	2.15	1	0	alkylbenzene
styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species.	3.51	2	0	styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound	mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite
phenylhydrazine [no description available]	1.97	1	0	phenylhydrazines	xenobiotic
anisole anisole : A monomethoxybenzene that is benzene substituted by a methoxy group.	7.98	4	0	monomethoxybenzene	plant metabolite
quinuclidines Quinuclidines: A class of organic compounds which contain two rings that share a pair of bridgehead carbon atoms and contains an amine group.	11.65	43	3	quinuclidines; saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
pyridostigmine bromide Pyridostigmine Bromide: A cholinesterase inhibitor with a slightly longer duration of action than NEOSTIGMINE. It is used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the actions of muscle relaxants.	1.95	1	0	pyridinium salt
phenyl ether diphenyl ether : An aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla.	3.42	7	0	aromatic ether	plant metabolite
boric acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0	boric acids	astringent
ethyl bromoacetate [no description available]	4.9	1	1
ethyl carbonate [no description available]	2.11	1	0	carbonate ester
caprolactam Caprolactam: Cyclic amide of caproic acid used in manufacture of synthetic fibers of the polyamide type. Can cause local irritation.. epsilon-caprolactam : A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.31	1	0	caprolactams	human blood serum metabolite
4-phenylenediamine 4-phenylenediamine: agent hair dye responsible for contact dermatitis; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1,4-phenylenediamine : A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus.	1.97	1	0	phenylenediamine	allergen; dye; hapten; reagent
1,3-butadiene buta-1,3-diene : A butadiene with unsaturation at positions 1 and 3.	3.08	1	0	butadiene	carcinogenic agent; mutagen
acrolein [no description available]	2.7	3	0	enal	herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin
1-bromo-2-chloroethane 1-bromo-2-chloroethane : A haloalkane that is bromoethane substituted by chlorine at position 2.	2.02	1	0	haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound	mutagen
allylamine Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.	1.95	1	0	alkylamine
allyl alcohol allyl alcohol: structure. allylic alcohol : An alcohol where the hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon atom adjacent to a double bond (R groups may be H, organyl, etc.).. allyl alcohol : A propenol in which the C=C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.	2.11	1	0	primary allylic alcohol; propenol	antibacterial agent; fungicide; herbicide; insecticide; plant metabolite
propargyl alcohol propargyl alcohol: irreversibly inactivates alcohol oxidase; RN given refers to parent cpd. prop-2-yn-1-ol : A terminal acetylenic compound that is prop-2-yne substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.	2.75	3	0	propynol; terminal acetylenic compound; volatile organic compound	antifungal agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	3.73	10	0	alkane
3-hydroxybutanal [no description available]	2.99	4	0
chlorobenzene [no description available]	3.14	5	0	monochlorobenzenes	solvent
cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton.	5.99	13	0	cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol	solvent
cyclohexanone [no description available]	2.03	1	0	cyclohexanones	human xenobiotic metabolite
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	3.02	4	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen.	12.11	35	0	pyrrole; secondary amine
tetrahydrofuran oxolane : A cyclic ether that is butane in which one hydrogen from each methyl group is substituted by an oxygen.	3.47	7	0	cyclic ether; oxolanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; volatile organic compound	polar aprotic solvent
furan furan : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing four carbons and one oxygen, with formula C4H4O. It is a toxic, flammable, low-boiling (31degreeC) colourless liquid.	9.43	23	0	furans; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; Maillard reaction product
thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring.	9.98	121	0	mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
di-tert-butyl peroxide tert-butyl peroxide: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms.	3.16	5	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
pentanal pentanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde composed from five carbons in a straight chain.	2.31	1	0	saturated fatty aldehyde	plant metabolite
cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon.	4.26	5	0	cycloalkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
cyclohexene cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond.	2.05	1	0	cycloalkene
piperidine [no description available]	3	4	0	azacycloalkane; piperidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent; secondary amine	base; catalyst; human metabolite; non-polar solvent; plant metabolite; protic solvent; reagent
ethyl stearate stearic acid ethyl ester: structure in first source. ethyl octadecanoate : An octadecanoate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of octadecanoic (stearic) acid and the hydroxy group of ethanol.	2.04	1	0	long-chain fatty acid ethyl ester; octadecanoate ester	plant metabolite
3,3'-iminodipropionitrile 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile: lathyrogen; RN refers to parent cpd; blocks axoplasmic transport of neurofilament proteins with subsequent axon swelling typical of some motor neuron diseases	2.06	1	0
methyl palmitate [no description available]	2.04	1	0	fatty acid methyl ester	metabolite
propylene propylene: structure	2.06	1	0	alkene; gas molecular entity	refrigerant; xenobiotic
dicofol Dicofol: An organochlorine insecticide.. dicofol : A tertiary alcohol that is DDT in which the benzylic hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.1	1	0	monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine acaricide; tertiary alcohol
diethylhexyl phthalate Diethylhexyl Phthalate: An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.. bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.	3.51	2	0	diester; phthalate ester	androstane receptor agonist; apoptosis inhibitor; plasticiser
maltol maltol: found in bark of young larch trees; isolated from Passiflora incarnata; possesses depressant properties in mice; potentiates hexobarbital-induced narcosis & inhibits spontaneous motor activity; structure	2.08	1	0	4-pyranones	metabolite
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	6.27	45	0	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
chloranil Chloranil: A quinone fungicide used for treatment of seeds and foliage.. tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquiones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which all four hydrogens are substituted by chlorines.	2.94	4	0	1,4-benzoquinones; organochlorine compound	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	2.96	4	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
benzoin [no description available]	2.4	2	0	benzoins; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor
tetralin tetralin: structure given in first source. tetralin : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative of naphthalene.	2.02	1	0	ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon; tetralins
isoquinoline [no description available]	2.66	2	0	azaarene; isoquinolines; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene
anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives.	2.7	3	0	acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
veratraldehyde [no description available]	2.07	1	0	benzaldehydes; dimethoxybenzene	antifungal agent
dimethoxyphenylethylamine Dimethoxyphenylethylamine: A derivative of phenethylamine containing two substituent methoxy groups in the phenyl ring.. 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine : An aromatic ether that is the derivative of 2-phenylethylamine with methoxy substituents at the 3- and 4-positions. It is an alkaloid isolated from the Cactaceae family.	3.63	2	0	alkaloid; aromatic ether; phenylethylamine	allergen; plant metabolite
3,4-dimethoxyamphetamine 3,4-dimethoxyamphetamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.13	1	0
clorophene [no description available]	2.02	1	0
dibenzoylmethane dibenzoylmethane : A beta-diketone that is acetylacetone (acac) in which both methyl groups have been replaced by phenyl groups. It is a minor constituent of the root extract of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and exhibits antimutagenic and anticancer effects.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	antimutagen; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
sulfoxide sulfoxide: synergistic insecticide for use with pyrethrum, allethrin, rotenone, ryania, etc.; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. sulfoxide : An organosulfur compound having the structure R2S=O or R2C=S=O (R =/= H).	2.08	1	0	benzodioxoles
2,4-dichlorophenol 2,4-dichlorophenol: RN given refers to unlabeled parent+ cpd; structure. 2,4-dichlorophenol : A dichlorophenol that is phenol carrying chloro substituents at positions 2 and 4.	2.47	2	0	dichlorophenol
n-methylpyrrolidine N-methylpyrrolidine: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.02	1	0
2,4-dinitrotoluene 2,4-dinitrotoluene : A dinitrotoluene in which the methyl group is ortho to one of the nitro groups and para to the other. It is the most common isomer of dinitrotoluene.	1.98	1	0	dinitrotoluene
vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3.	2.74	3	0	methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid	plant metabolite
triethylamine [no description available]	2.08	1	0	tertiary amine
pyrazolanthrone pyrazolanthrone: JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) inhibitor; structure in first source. anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one : A member of the class of anthrapyrazoles that is anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazole substituted at position 6 by an oxo group. An inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase.	2.8	3	0	anthrapyrazole; aromatic ketone; cyclic ketone	antineoplastic agent; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; geroprotector
2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone: structure	2.05	1	0
iodoantipyrine [no description available]	1.98	1	0
diatrizoate meglumine Diatrizoate Meglumine: A versatile contrast medium used for DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY RADIOLOGY.. meglumine amidotrizoate : The N-methylglucamine salt of amidotrizoic acid. Both the sodium and the meglumine salts of amidotrizoic acid have been widely used as water-soluble radioopaque media in diagnostic radiography. The use of a mixture of the two salts is often preferred, as adverse effects can be reduced.	3.41	1	0	monocarboxylic acid anion	radioopaque medium
meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis.	1.97	1	0	hexosamine; secondary amino compound
captan Captan: One of the phthalimide fungicides.. captan : A dicarboximide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethyl group. A non-systemic fungicide introduced in the 1950s, it is widely used for the control of fungal diseases in fruits, vegetables, and ornamental crops.	2.02	1	0	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
folpet folpet : A member of the class of phthalimides that is phthalimide in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a trichloromethylthio group. An agricultural fungicide, it has been used to control mildew, leaf spot, and other diseases in crops sice the 1950s.	3.61	2	0	organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
2-naphthol 2-naphthol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-naphthol : A naphthol carrying a hydroxy group at position 2.. naphthols : Any hydroxynaphthalene derivative that has a single hydroxy substituent.	6.44	12	1	naphthol	antinematodal drug; genotoxin; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
pentacene [no description available]	2.51	2	0	acene; pentacenes
shikimic acid Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.	3.13	5	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
4-nitrosodimethylaniline 4-nitrosodimethylaniline: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline : A member of the class of dimethylanilines that is N,N-dimethylaniline having a nitroso group at the 4-position.	1.96	1	0	dimethylaniline; nitroso compound; tertiary amino compound
protocatechualdehyde protocatechualdehyde: found in wheat grains, wheat seedlings, & other plants; RN given refers to parent cpd; see also rancinamycins; structure	4.67	26	0	dihydroxybenzaldehyde
citronellol citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects.	4.9	1	1	monoterpenoid	plant metabolite
ethyl acetate ethyl acetate : The acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol.	3.34	6	0	acetate ester; ethyl ester; volatile organic compound	EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor; metabolite; polar aprotic solvent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi).	3.12	5	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; plant metabolite
sodium cyanide Sodium Cyanide: A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.. sodium cyanide : A cyanide salt containing equal numbers of sodium cations and cyanide anions.	1.97	1	0	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; sodium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor
pregnenolone [no description available]	2.53	2	0	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina.	6.29	47	0	methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
copper phthalocyanine copper phthalocyanine: structure. copper(II) phthalocyanine : A metallophthalocyanine that is copper(2+) forming a coordination complex with phthalocyanine. It is a synthetic blue pigment which is used as a colorant in paints and dyes.	2.02	1	0
diphenhydramine hydrochloride Antitussive Agents: Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.. diphenhydramine hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of diphenhydramine.	3.35	7	0	hydrochloride; organoammonium salt	anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; antiparkinson drug; antipruritic drug; H1-receptor antagonist; local anaesthetic; muscarinic antagonist; sedative
ditiocarb Ditiocarb: A chelating agent that has been used to mobilize toxic metals from the tissues of humans and experimental animals. It is the main metabolite of DISULFIRAM.. diethyldithiocarbamic acid : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is diethylcarbamic acid in which both of the oxygens are replaced by sulfur.	2.41	2	0	dithiocarbamic acids	chelator; copper chelator
1,3-dimethoxybenzene 1,3-dimethoxybenzene: structure given in first source	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes
potassium cyanide [no description available]	4.91	2	1	cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt	EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	3.93	12	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings.	3.15	5	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes
acenaphthylene acenaphthylene: RN given refers to parent cpd. acenaphthylene : A ortho- and peri-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon that occurs in coal tar.	1.98	1	0	acenaphthylenes; ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; ortho- and peri-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon
dibenzacridine dibenzacridine: RN given refers to dibenz(a,j)acridine	3.16	1	0
quinazolines Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	15.72	54	18	azaarene; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; ortho-fused heteroarene; quinazolines
acridines Acridines: Compounds that include the structure of acridine.. acridine : A polycyclic heteroarene that is anthracene in which one of the central CH groups is replaced by a nitrogen atom.	4.99	7	0	acridines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	genotoxin
dibenzo(1,4)dioxin dibenzo(1,4)dioxin: structure	9.81	225	0	dibenzodioxine; heteranthrene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; oxacycle; polycyclic heteroarene
indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES.	10.49	15	1	indazole
benzofuran benzofuran: RN & structure given in first source. 1-benzofuran : A benzofuran consisting of fused benzene and furan rings. It is the parent compound of the class of 1-benzofurans.	12.19	358	1	1-benzofurans; benzofuran
benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton.	3.73	10	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent
adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon.	3.35	1	0	adamantanes; polycyclic alkane
cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.	8	37	1	cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent
isoxazoles Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.	6.33	11	1	isoxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.	5.22	49	0	1,3-oxazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
thiazoles [no description available]	13.65	76	10	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.	2.54	2	0	diazine; pyrimidines	Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.	6.07	15	0	diazine; pyrazines	Daphnia magna metabolite
triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.	2.73	3	0	organic cation
calcium gluconate [no description available]	2.31	1	0	calcium salt	nutraceutical
ephedrine Ephedrine: A phenethylamine found in EPHEDRA SINICA. PSEUDOEPHEDRINE is an isomer. It is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist that may also enhance release of norepinephrine. It has been used for asthma, heart failure, rhinitis, and urinary incontinence, and for its central nervous system stimulatory effects in the treatment of narcolepsy and depression. It has become less extensively used with the advent of more selective agonists.. (-)-ephedrine : A phenethylamine alkaloid that is 2-phenylethanamine substituted by a methyl group at the amino nitrogen and a methyl and a hydroxy group at position 2 and 1 respectively.	2.66	3	0	phenethylamine alkaloid; phenylethanolamines	bacterial metabolite; environmental contaminant; nasal decongestant; plant metabolite; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
diiodotyrosine Diiodotyrosine: A product from the iodination of MONOIODOTYROSINE. In the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, diiodotyrosine residues are coupled with other monoiodotyrosine or diiodotyrosine residues to form T4 or T3 thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE).. diiodotyrosine : A dihalogenated L-tyrosine which has two iodo-substituents on the benzyl moiety.. 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine : A diiodotyrosine that is L-tyrosine carrying iodo-substituents at positions C-3 and C-5 of the benzyl group. It is an intermediate in the thyroid hormone synthesis.	2.34	2	0	diiodotyrosine; L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
muscarine Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine.	3.22	6	0	monosaccharide
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	4.73	29	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone Acetate: An orally active synthetic progestational hormone used often in combinations as an oral contraceptive (CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL).	1.94	1	0	corticosteroid hormone
4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid: tyrosing metabolite; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid : A 2-hydroxy carboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	2.77	3	0	2-hydroxy carboxylic acid; phenols	bacterial metabolite; human metabolite
paraoxon [no description available]	2.48	2	0	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
hemicholinium 3 Hemicholinium 3: A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.	1.95	1	0
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.46	2	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
aminophylline Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.	3.46	2	0	mixture	bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.39	2	0	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
5-chlorosalicylic acid 5-chlorosalicylic acid: major metabolite of meseclazone; RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-chlorosalicylic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by chlorine.	2.04	1	0	chlorobenzoic acid; monochlorobenzenes; monohydroxybenzoic acid
haloxon haloxon: structure	1.98	1	0
perfluorooctanoic acid perfluorooctanoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. perfluorooctanoic acid : A fluoroalkanoic acid that is perfluorinated octanoic acid.	3.17	1	0	fluoroalkanoic acid	carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; surfactant; xenobiotic
galantamine Galantamine: A benzazepine derived from norbelladine. It is found in GALANTHUS and other AMARYLLIDACEAE. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that has been used to reverse the muscular effects of GALLAMINE TRIETHIODIDE and TUBOCURARINE and has been studied as a treatment for ALZHEIMER DISEASE and other central nervous system disorders.. galanthamine : A benzazepine alkaloid isolated from certain species of daffodils.	3.2	5	0	benzazepine alkaloid fundamental parent; benzazepine alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antidote to curare poisoning; cholinergic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
aminoimidazole carboxamide Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide : An aminoimidazole in which the amino group is at C-5 with a carboxamido group at C-4.	2.08	1	0	aminoimidazole; monocarboxylic acid amide	mouse metabolite
thymidine monophosphate Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).	2.05	1	0	thymidine 5'-monophosphate	fundamental metabolite
cuprizone [no description available]	2.21	1	0	organonitrogen compound; organooxygen compound
betamethasone Betamethasone: A glucocorticoid given orally, parenterally, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. Its lack of mineralocorticoid properties makes betamethasone particularly suitable for treating cerebral edema and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p724)	2.39	2	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-asthmatic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; immunosuppressive agent
prenylamine Prenylamine: A drug formerly used in the treatment of angina pectoris but superseded by less hazardous drugs. Prenylamine depletes myocardial catecholamine stores and has some calcium channel blocking activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1406)	6.19	6	1	diarylmethane
trifluoroacetic anhydride [no description available]	2.04	1	0
beta-cyclocitral beta-cyclocitral: structure in first source. beta-cyclocitral : A monoterpenoid formally derived from citral by cyclisation. It is a volatile compound produced by a cyanobacteria.	2.31	1	0	monoterpenoid	bacterial metabolite
xanthinol niacinate Xanthinol Niacinate: A vasodilator used in peripheral vascular disorders and insufficiency. It may cause gastric discomfort and hypotension.	2.38	2	0
ethylamphetamine ethylamphetamine: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; see also record for d-N-ethylamphetamine	2.13	1	0	amphetamines
4-fluoroamphetamine 4-fluoroamphetamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	8.93	3	0
cyanogen cyanogen: structure. oxalonitrile : A dinitrile that is ethane substituted by two cyano groups.	2.1	1	0	dinitrile; pseudohalogen
dicyandiamido dicyandiamido: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. cyanoguanidine : A guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group. It is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.	2.05	1	0	guanidines; nitrile	curing agent; explosive; fertilizer; flame retardant; nitrification inhibitor
hydantoins Hydantoins: Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.. imidazolidine-2,4-dione : An imidazolidinone with oxo groups at position 2 and 4.	5.04	13	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
chlorphentermine Chlorphentermine: A sympathomimetic agent that was formerly used as an anorectic. It has properties similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. It has been implicated in lipid storage disorders and pulmonary hypertension. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1223)	1.94	1	0	amphetamines
fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.	2.11	1	0	monofluorobenzenes	NMR chemical shift reference compound
n-pentyl nitrite Amyl Nitrite: A vasodilator that is administered by inhalation. It is also used recreationally due to its supposed ability to induce euphoria and act as an aphrodisiac.. n-pentyl nitrite : A nitrite ester having n-pentyl as the alkyl group.	1.94	1	0	nitrite esters	vasodilator agent
propadiene [no description available]	2.44	2	0	allenes
ketene ketene: structure. ketene : Carbonyl compounds where the C=O bond is conjugated to an alkylidene group.	2.74	3	0	ketene
limestone Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.. calcium carbonate : A calcium salt with formula CCaO3.	2.96	4	0	calcium salt; carbonate salt; inorganic calcium salt; one-carbon compound	antacid; fertilizer; food colouring; food firming agent
pinane pinane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pinane : A monoterpene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6.	2.06	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; monoterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent	plant metabolite
chenodeoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. chenodeoxycholic acid : A dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid that is (5beta)-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.. chenodeoxycholate : Conjugate base of chenodeoxycholic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	1.98	1	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fusarium Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.	3.93	12	0
phthalimidine phthalimidine: structure given in first source. isoindolin-1-one : A member of the class of isoindoles that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole in which the hydrogens at positon 1 are replaced by an oxo group.	2.17	1	0	gamma-lactam; isoindoles
reticulin Reticulin: A scleroprotein fibril consisting mostly of type III collagen. Reticulin fibrils are extremely thin, with a diameter of between 0.5 and 2 um. They are involved in maintaining the structural integrity in a variety of organs.	2.08	1	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline; isoquinolinol	plant metabolite
ninhydrin Ninhydrin: 2,2-Dihydroxy-1H-indene-1,3-(2H)-dione. Reagent toxic to skin and mucus membranes. It is used in chemical assay for peptide bonds, i.e., protein determinations and has radiosensitizing properties.. ninhydrin : A member of the class of indanones that is indane-1,3-dione bearing two additional hydroxy substituents at position 2.	7.39	2	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; indanones; ketone hydrate	colour indicator; human metabolite
bicuculline Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.. bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species.	2.38	2	0	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
9-fluorenone fluoren-9-one : The simplest member of the class fluoren-9-ones that is 9H-fluorene bearing an oxo substituent at position 9.	2.49	2	0	fluoren-9-ones	fungal xenobiotic metabolite
flavanone flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.	2.13	1	0	flavanones
kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.	3.79	11	0	dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid	antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist
aspergillic acid aspergillic acid: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #865	3.1	1	0	pyrazines
thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity.	2.17	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones	adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite
phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine: A sympathomimetic that acts mainly by causing release of NOREPINEPHRINE but also has direct agonist activity at some adrenergic receptors. It is most commonly used as a nasal vasoconstrictor and an appetite depressant.. phenylpropanolamine : An amphetamine in which the parent 1-phenylpropan-2-amine skeleton is substituted at position 1 with an hydroxy group. A decongestant and appetite suppressant, it is commonly used in prescription and over-the-counter cough and cold preparations.. (-)-norephedrine : An amphetamine that is propylbenzene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and by an amino group at position 2 (the 1R,2S-stereoisomer). It is a plant alkaloid.	11.76	34	2	amphetamines; phenethylamine alkaloid	plant metabolite
fenazox fenazox: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source. trans-azoxybenzene : An azoxybenzene with a trans-configuration.. cis-azoxybenzene : An azoxybenzene with a cis-configuration.	3.06	1	0	azoxy compound
piperonyl alcohol piperonyl alcohol: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0	benzodioxoles
indan indan: structure in first source. indane : An ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon consisting of a benzene ring fused to a cyclopentane ring; a high-boiling (176 (o)C) colourless liquid.	1.98	1	0	indanes; ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon
indoline indoline: structure given in first source	2.96	4	0	indoles
coumaran 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is the 2,3-dihydroderivative of benzofuran.	5.95	33	0	1-benzofurans	metabolite
butenolide butenolide: inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. butenolide : A gamma-lactone that consists of a 2-furanone skeleton and its substituted derivatives.	3.8	3	0	butenolide
arecaidine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	citraconoyl group
azomethane azomethane: structure	2.05	1	0
oxetane oxetane: structure. oxetane : A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is a four-membered ring comprising of three carbon atoms and an oxygen atom.	2.39	2	0	oxetanes; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
1,3-cyclohexanedione 1,3-cyclohexanedione: structure. cyclohexane-1,3-dione : A cyclohexanedione carrying oxo substituents at positions 1 and 3.	4.08	4	0	beta-diketone; cyclohexanedione
orcinol orcinol: used as reagent for pentoses, lignin, beet sugar, saccharoses, arabinose & diastase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. orcinol : A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl.	3.03	4	0	5-alkylresorcinol; dihydroxytoluene	Aspergillus metabolite
alpha-aminopyridine alpha-aminopyridine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #485. aminopyridine : Compounds containing a pyridine skeleton substituted by one or more amine groups.	5.99	7	1
thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES.	2.42	2	0	thiazolidine
cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.	1.97	1	0
acetyl bromide [no description available]	2.07	1	0
oleanolic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	plant metabolite
barium carbonate barium carbonate : An inorganic carbonate salt of barium.	2.08	1	0	carbonate salt; inorganic barium salt
podophyllotoxin Podophyllum: A genus of poisonous American herbs, family BERBERIDACEAE. The roots yield PODOPHYLLOTOXIN and other pharmacologically important agents. The plant was formerly used as a cholagogue and cathartic. It is different from the European mandrake, MANDRAGORA.	4.05	4	0	furonaphthodioxole; lignan; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; plant metabolite; tubulin modulator
hesperidin Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.	4.9	1	1	3'-hydroxyflavanones; 4'-methoxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone; disaccharide derivative; flavanone glycoside; monomethoxyflavanone; rutinoside	mutagen
dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.	2.92	4	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one; 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid	androgen; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
luminol Luminol: 5-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione. Substance that emits light on oxidation. It is used in chemical determinations.	4.15	5	0
physcione physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources.	4.09	4	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite
angelicin angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure	8.69	9	0	furanocoumarin
n-hydroxyphthalimide N-hydroxyphthalimide: causes contact dermititis	2.1	1	0
flavone flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.	2.8	3	0	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
gluconic acid gluconic acid: zinc gluconate has anti-inflammatory activity; RN given refers to (D)-isomer; all RRs refers to (D)-isomer unless otherwise noted. ketogluconic acid : A gluconic acid that contains a ketonic carbonyl group.. D-gluconic acid : A gluconic acid having D-configuration.	2.39	2	0	gluconic acid	chelator; Penicillium metabolite
copper gluconate Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.	2.39	2	0	organic molecular entity
2,4,6-trimethylphenol [no description available]	2.03	1	0	hydroxytoluene
syringic acid syringic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in third source. syringic acid : A dimethoxybenzene that is 3,5-dimethyl ether derivative of gallic acid.	1.96	1	0	benzoic acids; dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
herniarin herniarin: methoxy analog of umbelliferone; structure. herniarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is coumarin substituted by a methoxy group at position 7.	2.13	1	0	coumarins	fluorochrome
2-iodophenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0	2-halophenol; iodophenol
phenylacetylene phenylacetylene: can polymerize into DENDRIMERS	2.08	1	0	benzenes
evernic acid evernic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	3.5	7	0	carbonyl compound
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	4.13	15	0	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide : A carbodiimide compound having a cyclohexyl substituent on both nitrogen atoms.	3.07	5	0	carbodiimide	ATP synthase inhibitor; cross-linking reagent; peptide coupling reagent
1,2-dichloroethylene 1,2-dichloroethylene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.08	1	0	chloroethenes
muscone muscone: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	6.24	43	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.	2.96	4	0	arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound	epitope; explosive; reagent
lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.	2.42	2	0
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.11	1	0	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
1-naphthylisothiocyanate 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.	2.21	1	0	isothiocyanate	insecticide
paeonol paeonol: structure	2.46	2	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols	metabolite
hematoporphyrin Hematoporphyrins: Iron-free derivatives of heme with 4 methyl groups, 2 hydroxyethyl groups and 2 propionic acid groups attached to the pyrrole rings. Some of these PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS are used in the PHOTOTHERAPY of malignant NEOPLASMS.. hematoporphyrin : A dicarboxylic acid that is protoporphyrin in which the vinyl groups at positions 7 and 12 are replaced by 1-hydroxyethyl groups.	2.89	4	0
beta-phellandrene [no description available]	1.97	1	0	phellandrene	plant metabolite
carbon tetrabromide tetrabromomethane : A one-carbon compound substituted by 4 bromo groups.	2	1	0	bromomethanes
2,3-dimethyl-2-butene 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	3.5	2	0	bis(azo) compound
3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.	6.57	14	1	flavonols; monohydroxyflavone
8-aminoquinoline [no description available]	2.25	1	0
2-benzoquinone 2-benzoquinone: reacts with methionines of RNAase at pH 1; reagent for determining conformational differences in related proteins. 1,2-benzoquinone : A benzoquinone resulting from the formal oxidation of catechol.	2.05	1	0	1,2-benzoquinones; benzoquinone
potassium carbonate potassium carbonate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of carbonic acid.	2.51	2	0	carbonate salt; potassium salt	catalyst; fertilizer; flame retardant
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate: Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers.. toluene 2,4-diisocyanate : A toluene meta-diisocyanate in which the isocyanato groups are at positions 2 and 4 relative to the methyl group on the benzene ring.	2.13	1	0	toluene meta-diisocyanate	allergen; hapten
diphenylamine Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.	4.9	1	1	aromatic amine; bridged diphenyl fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; antioxidant; carotogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
3-aminophenol 3-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-aminophenol : An aminophenol that is one of three amino derivatives of phenol which has the single amino substituent located meta to the phenolic -OH group.	2.1	1	0	aminophenol
iodobenzene iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	7.03	1	0
1-methylindole 1-methylindole: SKATOLE refers to 3-methylindole; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. methylindole : Any member of the class of indoles carrying one or more methyl substituents.	2.11	1	0
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	3.39	7	0	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
galactitol [no description available]	2.38	2	0	hexitol	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
pentachlorobenzene pentachlorobenzene: structure. pentachlorobenzene : A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention.	8.78	10	0	pentachlorobenzenes	persistent organic pollutant
2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid: structure. (2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid : A hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-hydroxyphenyl group. It is a metabolite of phenylalanine and is excreted in the urine of patients suffering from diseases like phenylketonuria.	2.07	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; phenols	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2-methylbenzimidazole [no description available]	2.15	1	0	benzimidazoles
2,4-dibromophenol 2,4-dibromophenol : A bromophenol that is phenol in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 4 have been replaced by bromines.	2.06	1	0	brominated flame retardant; bromophenol; dibromobenzene	marine metabolite
trimecaine Trimecaine: Acetanilide derivative used as a local anesthetic.	1.96	1	0	amino acid amide
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	4.05	13	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
ethyl pyruvate [no description available]	2.06	1	0	oxo carboxylic acid
diazoacetic ester diazoacetic ester: structure	2.06	1	0
2,5-dimethylpyrrole 2,5-dimethylpyrrole: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	pyrroles
2,5-dimethylfuran 2,5-dimethylfuran: metabolite of n-hexane. 2,5-dimethylfuran : A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl groups.	2.08	1	0	furans	antifungal agent; bacterial metabolite; fuel; fumigant; human urinary metabolite; Maillard reaction product; plant metabolite
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	1.97	1	0
erythromycin Erythromycin: A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.. erythromycin : Any of several wide-spectrum macrolide antibiotics obtained from actinomycete Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly known as Streptomyces erythraeus).. erythromycin A : An erythromycin that consists of erythronolide A having 2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl and 3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl residues attahced at positions 4 and 6 respectively.	2.07	1	0	cyclic ketone; erythromycin
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate: The circulating form of a major C19 steroid produced primarily by the ADRENAL CORTEX. DHEA sulfate serves as a precursor for TESTOSTERONE; ANDROSTENEDIONE; ESTRADIOL; and ESTRONE.. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate : A steroid sulfate that is the 3-sulfooxy derivative of dehydroepiandrosterone.	1.99	1	0	17-oxo steroid; steroid sulfate	EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
isosorbide Isosorbide: 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro D-glucitol. Chemically inert osmotic diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus; also used in glaucoma.	2.08	1	0	organic molecular entity
chromonar Chromonar: A coronary vasodilator agent.	1.95	1	0	coumarins
tetracyanoethylene tetracyanoethene: structure in first source	2.06	1	0
2-piperidone 2-piperidone: structure given in first source. piperidin-2-one : A delta-lactam that is piperidine which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2.	2.02	1	0	delta-lactam; piperidones	EC 1.2.1.88 (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase) inhibitor
hempa Hempa: A chemosterilant agent that is anticipated to be a carcinogen.	2.02	1	0	phosphoramide	insect sterilant; mutagen
methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups.	2.02	1	0	N-nitrosoureas	alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent
diphenyliodonium diphenyliodonium: RN given refers to the parent coumpound; inhibitor of neutrophil superoxide generating oxidase; structure has been determined	1.98	1	0
acetylenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester acetylenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester: inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation	2.03	1	0
o,p'-ddt o,p'-DDT: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation.	2.17	1	0	diarylmethane
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	2.15	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
ethyl gallate ethyl gallate: used with osmium in procedure for mapping neuronal pathways. ethyl gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with ethanol.	2.11	1	0	gallate ester	plant metabolite
etonitazene etonitazene: was heading 1979-94 (see under BENZIMIDAZOLES 1979-90); ETONITAZIN was see ETONITAZENE 1979-94; use BENZIMIDAZOLES to search ETONITAZENE 1979-94; narcotic analgesic similar to morphine in action; used mainly to study narcotic habituation, tolerance, and withdrawal in laboratory animals	1.98	1	0
demeton-s-methyl [no description available]	1.99	1	0	organic thiophosphate; organothiophosphate insecticide	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
methylparaoxon [no description available]	2.11	1	0	C-nitro compound
deoxycytidine [no description available]	8.33	6	5	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine [no description available]	3.26	5	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
ethambutol Ethambutol: An antitubercular agent that inhibits the transfer of mycolic acids into the cell wall of the tubercle bacillus. It may also inhibit the synthesis of spermidine in mycobacteria. The action is usually bactericidal, and the drug can penetrate human cell membranes to exert its lethal effect. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p863). ethambutol : An ethylenediamine derivative that is ethane-1,2-diamine in which one hydrogen attached to each of the nitrogens is sutstituted by a 1-hydroxybutan-2-yl group (S,S-configuration). It is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug, effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some other mycobacteria. It is used (as the dihydrochloride salt) in combination with other antituberculous drugs in the treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis; resistant strains of M. tuberculosis are readily produced if ethambutol is used alone.	3.8	3	0	ethanolamines; ethylenediamine derivative	antitubercular agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-dimethylaminopyridine 4-dimethylaminopyridine: catalyst for acetylation of hydroxy cpds; structure	2.47	2	0	dialkylarylamine; tertiary amino compound
tetramethylpyrazine tetramethylpyrazine: found in Ligusticum chuanxiong. tetramethylpyrazine : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine in which all four hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. An alkaloid extracted from Chuanxiong (Ligusticum wallichii).	4.54	7	0	alkaloid; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; neuroprotective agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
decabromobiphenyl ether decabromobiphenyl ether: a flame retardant. decabromodiphenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by bromines.	8.14	5	0	polybromodiphenyl ether	neurotoxin
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2.84	3	0
potassium hydroxide potassium hydroxide: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-OH	2.42	2	0	alkali metal hydroxide
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.39	2	0	alkali metal hydroxide
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	8.08	4	0	zinc molecular entity
thorium dioxide Thorium Dioxide: Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer.	1.94	1	0	thorium molecular entity
vanadium pentoxide [no description available]	2.77	3	0	vanadium oxide
monolaurin monolaurin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified monolaurin locant. 1-monolauroylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride with dodecanoyl (lauroyl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monolauroylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol and 3-lauroyl-sn-glycerol	2.05	1	0	1-monoglyceride; dodecanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	2.08	1	0
hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.	2.02	1	0	hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	NMR chemical shift reference compound
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	3.04	4	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
glycyrrhizic acid glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.	2.05	1	0	enone; glucosiduronic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; tricarboxylic acid; triterpenoid saponin	EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor; plant metabolite
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	9.63	46	2	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	2.21	1	0
selenomethionine [no description available]	2.04	1	0	selenoamino acid; selenomethionines	plant metabolite
metylperon metylperon: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0	aromatic ketone
2-acetylbenzofuran 2-acetylbenzofuran: structure in first source	2.76	3	0
diphenyldiselenide diphenyldiselenide: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
spectinomycin Spectinomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of GONORRHEA.. spectinomycin dihydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining spectinomycin with two molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid. An antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea.. spectinomycin : A pyranobenzodioxin and antibiotic that is active against gram-negative bacteria and used (as its dihydrochloride pentahydrate) to treat gonorrhea. It is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces spectabilis.	2.07	1	0	cyclic acetal; cyclic hemiketal; cyclic ketone; pyranobenzodioxin; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
cyclopropanecarboxylic acid cyclopropanecarboxylic acid: 0	2.13	1	0	cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid
2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 4-nitrophenyl ether 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 4-nitrophenyl ether: structure	2.45	2	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; chlorobenzenes	EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.71	3	0	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
s,n,n'-tripropylthiocarbamate Reward: An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.. vernolate : A monounsaturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of vernolic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	4.43	6	0	tertiary amine
2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	2	1	0	hydroquinones	food antioxidant
5-hydroxyindole [no description available]	2.08	1	0	hydroxyindoles	human metabolite
dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.	3.26	6	0	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine .	1.98	1	0	methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide
amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid.	4.24	18	0	aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines	diuretic; sodium channel blocker
4-chlorobiphenyl 4-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.	2.02	1	0	monochlorobiphenyl
1,6-dichlorohexane [no description available]	2.04	1	0
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	2.13	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
mirex Mirex: An organochlorine insecticide that is carcinogenic.	2.06	1	0	chlorocarbon; organochlorine insecticide	persistent organic pollutant
thioflavin t thioflavin T: RN given refers to chloride; structure. thioflavine T : An organic chloride salt having 2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3,6-dimethyl-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium as the counterion. It is widely used to visualise and quantify the presence of amyloids, both in vitro and in vivo.	2.04	1	0	organic chloride salt	fluorochrome; geroprotector; histological dye
captafol captafol: RN given refers to cpd with specified chlorine locants. captafol : A dicarboximide that captan in which the trichloromethyl group is replaced by a 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethyl group. A broad-spectrum fungicide used to control diseases in fruit and potatoes, it is no longer approved for use in the European Community.	2.02	1	0	isoindoles; organochlorine compound; organosulfur compound; phthalimide fungicide	antifungal agrochemical
squaric acid [no description available]	2.31	1	0	alicyclic ketone; carbon oxoacid	metabolite
stavudine Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase	2.01	1	0	dihydrofuran; nucleoside analogue; organic molecular entity	antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	3.28	6	0	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.91	4	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species.	2.42	2	0	thujene	plant metabolite
mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.	2.4	2	0	D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose	metabolite
dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.	4.9	1	1	1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol	chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent
megestrol Megestrol: A progestational hormone used most commonly as the acetate ester. As the acetate, it is more potent than progesterone both as a progestagen and as an ovulation inhibitor. It has also been used in the palliative treatment of breast cancer.. megestrol : A 3-oxo Delta(4)-steroid that is pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione substituted by a methyl group at position 6 and a hydroxy group at position 17.	1.94	1	0	17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; appetite enhancer; contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
cyclazocine Cyclazocine: An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.	1.99	1	0
phenoxyacetic acid phenoxyacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is the O-phenyl derivative of glycolic acid. A metabolite of 2-phenoxyethanol, it is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fungicides and dyes.	2.03	1	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid	allergen; Aspergillus metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant growth retardant
ecdysone [no description available]	2.05	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; 6-oxo steroid; ecdysteroid	prohormone
tranylcypromine Tranylcypromine: A propylamine formed from the cyclization of the side chain of amphetamine. This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in panic and phobic disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311). tranylcypromine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (1R,2S)- and (1S,2R)-2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine. An irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor that is used as an antidepressant (INN tranylcypromine).. (1R,2S)-tranylcypromine : A 2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine that is the (1R,2S)-enantiomer of tranylcypromine.	3.62	9	0	2-phenylcyclopropan-1-amine
2,4,5-trichlorothiophenol [no description available]	2.05	1	0
streptomycin [no description available]	3.05	5	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins	antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	3.82	11	0	carbon oxoanion
n-methylacetamide-oxotremorine m N-methylacetamide-oxotremorine M: RN given refers to iodide; structure given in first source	1.93	1	0
quinacrine mustard Quinacrine Mustard: Nitrogen mustard analog of quinacrine used primarily as a stain in the studies of chromosomes and chromatin. Fluoresces by reaction with nucleic acids in chromosomes.	1.96	1	0	hydrochloride	intercalator
strombine N-methyliminodiacetic acid: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
carbenicillin Carbenicillin: Broad-spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative used parenterally. It is susceptible to gastric juice and penicillinase and may damage platelet function.. carbenicillin : A penicillin antibiotic having a 6beta-2-carboxy-2-phenylacetamido side-chain.	1.95	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenate tetrachlorophenol: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; see also record for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol. tetrachlorophenol : A chlorophenol that is phenol in which four of the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring are replaced by chlorines.. 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol : A tetrachlorophenol in which the chlorines are located at positions 2, 3, 4, and 5.	2.02	1	0	tetrachlorophenol	xenobiotic metabolite
2-hydroxyjuglone 2-hydroxyjuglone: structure in first source	2	1	0
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	1.98	1	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
5,6-dihydroxytryptamine 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine: Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 6. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacologic research.	2.66	3	0
1-hydroxypyrene 1-hydroxypyrene: pyrene metabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.47	2	0	pyrenes
1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran: quencher of singlet oxygen, inhibits arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation	7.12	46	0
dihydrostreptomycin sulfate Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate: A semi-synthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic that is used in the treatment of TUBERCULOSIS.	1.93	1	0
1-nitropyrene [no description available]	2.02	1	0	nitroarene	carcinogenic agent
vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.	2.03	1	0	beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic
iodinated glycerol iodinated glycerol: secretolytic agent; RN given refers to cpd without iodine locant	3.39	7	0	dioxolane
limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively.	1.98	1	0	cycloalkene; p-menthadiene	human metabolite
octocrylene [no description available]	2.31	1	0	diarylmethane
1-indanol [no description available]	1.98	1	0	aromatic alcohol; indanes; secondary alcohol	xenobiotic
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	4	14	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
propargyl ether propargyl ether: structure in first source	2.57	2	0
talopram talopram: putative PET ligand for the norepinephrine transporter; structure in first source	3.24	6	0
tert-butyl isocyanide tert-butylisonitrile: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
psoromic acid psoromic acid: structure in first source	2.07	1	0	carbonyl compound
hepes [no description available]	1.97	1	0	HEPES; organosulfonic acid
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	3.04	4	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
lanthanum [no description available]	3.58	9	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	4.72	30	0	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero.	5.99	20	0	elemental mercury; zinc group element atom	neurotoxin
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	1.96	1	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
palladium Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.. palladium : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 46.	5.98	99	0	metal allergen; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	7.99	4	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
rhenium Rhenium: A metal, atomic number 75, atomic weight 186.207, symbol Re.	2.47	2	0	manganese group element atom
rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45.	4.85	31	0	cobalt group element atom
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	6.24	10	1	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	6.12	9	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
technetium Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.	2.5	2	0	manganese group element atom
thorium Thorium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography.	2.7	3	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	7.26	17	1	titanium group element atom
tungsten Tungsten: A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.	2.99	4	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	4.09	15	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
cerium Cerium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.	2.48	2	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	3.3	6	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	2.06	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	2.72	3	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	8.98	13	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
uranium Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.	2.13	1	0	actinoid atom; f-block element atom; monoatomic uranium
vanadium Vanadium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol V, atomic number 23, and atomic weight 50.94. It is used in the manufacture of vanadium steel. Prolonged exposure can lead to chronic intoxication caused by absorption usually via the lungs.	2.06	1	0	elemental vanadium; vanadium group element atom	micronutrient
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	1.95	1	0	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
yttrium Yttrium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Y, atomic number 39, and atomic weight 88.91. In conjunction with other rare earths, yttrium is used as a phosphor in television receivers and is a component of the yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers.	2.06	1	0	d-block element atom; rare earth metal atom; scandium group element atom
zirconium Zirconium: A rather rare metallic element with atomic number 40, atomic weight 91.224, and symbol Zr.	2.38	2	0	titanium group element atom
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	2.05	1	0	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
cupric chloride cupric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. copper(II) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	4.17	16	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor
mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed.	2.37	2	0	mercury coordination entity	sensitiser
galactosamine 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.	2.48	2	0	D-galactosamine; primary amino compound	toxin
dichloroacetylene [no description available]	2	1	0	organochlorine compound
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt [no description available]	3.59	1	1	sodium phosphate
stannic chloride [no description available]	2.1	1	0
cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions.	2.08	1	0	inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride	phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent
hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.	2.95	4	0	chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species	EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite
camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source	6.63	8	2	delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite
ferric chloride ferric chloride: RN given refers to cpd with MF of Fe-Cl3; used to induce experimental arterial thrombosis to evaluate antithrombotic agents	2.98	4	0	iron coordination entity	astringent; Lewis acid
phosphine phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane.	8.34	6	0	mononuclear parent hydride; phosphanes; phosphine	carcinogenic agent; fumigant insecticide
bromine Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 35, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.	5.82	22	1	diatomic bromine
barium sulfate Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.. barium sulfate : A metal sulfate with formula BaO4S. Virtually insoluble in water at room temperature, it is mostly used as a component in oil well drilling fluid it occurs naturally as the mineral barite.	2.06	1	0	barium salt; inorganic barium salt; metal sulfate	radioopaque medium
zinc sulfate Zinc Sulfate: A compound given in the treatment of conditions associated with zinc deficiency such as acrodermatitis enteropathica. Externally, zinc sulfate is used as an astringent in lotions and eye drops. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1995). zinc sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having zinc(2+) as the counterion.	3.38	1	1	metal sulfate; zinc molecular entity	fertilizer
sodium sulfate [no description available]	2.08	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
sodium sulfite [no description available]	1.97	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	food preservative; reducing agent
tricalcium phosphate tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.	2.21	1	0	calcium phosphate
ferrous chloride ferrous chloride: induces convulsions; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0	iron coordination entity
chromates Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.. chromate(2-) : A chromium oxoanion resulting from the removal of two protons from chromic acid.	2.04	1	0	chromium oxoanion; divalent inorganic anion	oxidising agent
copper sulfate Copper Sulfate: A sulfate salt of copper. It is a potent emetic and is used as an antidote for poisoning by phosphorus. It also can be used to prevent the growth of algae.. copper(II) sulfate : A metal sulfate compound having copper(2+) as the metal ion.	2.91	4	0	metal sulfate	emetic; fertilizer; sensitiser
calcium sulfate Calcium Sulfate: A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.	2.47	2	0	calcium salt; inorganic calcium salt
potassium dichromate Potassium Dichromate: Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.. potassium dichromate : A potassium salt that is the dipotassium salt of dichromic acid.	2.05	1	0	potassium salt	allergen; oxidising agent; sensitiser
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	3.24	6	0	dihydrogen
fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.	3.48	8	0	diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity	NMR chemical shift reference compound
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	7.6	76	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
nitrous acid Nitrous Acid: Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.11	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
potassium chromate(vi) potassium chromate(VI): RN given refers to cpd with MF of K2-CrH2O4. potassium chromate : A potassium salt consisting of potassium and chromate ions in a 2:1 ratio.	2.04	1	0	potassium salt	carcinogenic agent; oxidising agent
deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.	2.7	3	0	deuterated compound; water	NMR solvent
cupric bromide [no description available]	2.1	1	0
desmedipham desmedipham: structure. desmedipham : A carbamate ester that is phenylcarbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(ethoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group. It is an agrochemical used as a herbicide.	2.5	2	0	carbamate ester	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
phenmedipham phenmedipham: minor descriptor (72-84); on-line search CARBAMATES (72-84); Index Medicus search HERBICIDES, CARBAMATE (75-84), CARBAMATES (72-75). phenmedipham : A carbamate ester that is (3-methylphenyl)carbamic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]phenyl group.	2.97	4	0	carbamate ester	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
poloxalene Poloxalene: A copolymer of polyethylene and polypropylene ether glycol. It is a non-ionic polyol surface-active agent used medically as a fecal softener and in cattle for prevention of bloat.. pluronic : A triblock copolymer composed of a central hydrophobic chain of poly(propylene oxide) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide).	2.37	2	0	epoxide
ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.	5.83	6	1	elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	2.05	1	0	aluminium sulfate
radon Radon: A naturally radioactive element with atomic symbol Rn, and atomic number 86. It is a member of the noble gas family found in soil, and is released during the decay of RADIUM.. radon(0) : A monoatomic radon that has an oxidation state of zero.	3.08	1	0	monoatomic radon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
chlorine dioxide chlorine dioxide: equal or superior to chlorine when used as wastewater disinfectant	2.15	1	0	chlorine dioxide
thallium nitrate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
cadmium chloride Cadmium Chloride: A cadmium halide in the form of colorless crystals, soluble in water, methanol, and ethanol. It is used in photography, in dyeing, and calico printing, and as a solution to precipitate sulfides. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). cadmium dichloride : A cadmium coordination entity in which cadmium(2+) and Cl(-) ions are present in the ratio 2:1. Although considered to be ionic, it has considerable covalent character to its bonding.	2.73	3	0	cadmium coordination entity
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group.	1.98	1	0	benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome
trolamine salicylate Arthritis: Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.46	8	0
clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases.	2.5	2	0	1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent
ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion.	4.01	4	0	ammonium salt; inorganic chloride	ferroptosis inhibitor
ethionine L-ethionine : An S-ethylhomocysteine that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.	1.94	1	0	S-ethylhomocysteine	antimetabolite; carcinogenic agent
benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.05	1	0	pyrenes
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	5.04	12	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
menthone menthone : The trans-stereoisomer of p-menthan-3-one.. (-)-menthone : A menthone that is cyclohexanone substituted by a methyl and an isopropyl group at positions 5 and 2 respectively (the 2S,5R-stereoisomer).	1.97	1	0	menthone
salen disalicylaldehyde ethylenediamine: reagents for determination of iron	2.44	2	0
tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	5.3	16	0
dibenzo-18-crown-6 dibenzo-18-crown-6: structure. dibenzo-18-crown-6 : A crown ether that is 18-crown-6 ortho-fused to two benzene rings at positions 8-9 and 17-18.	2.05	1	0	benzenes; crown ether	phase-transfer catalyst
selegiline Selegiline: A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase that is used for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with PARKINSON DISEASE, and for the treatment of depressive disorders. The compound without isomeric designation is Deprenyl.	6.61	17	0	selegiline; terminal acetylenic compound	geroprotector
cromolyn sodium Cromolyn Sodium: A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized MAST CELLS. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.. disodium cromoglycate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of cromoglycic acid.	1.95	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-asthmatic drug; drug allergen
4-nitrobenzofurazan 4-nitrobenzofurazan: structure	1.96	1	0
eedq EEDQ: peptide coupling reagent	2.4	2	0
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	6.45	57	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.01	1	0
3-hydroxycarbofuran 3-hydroxycarbofuran: main metabolite of carbofuran	2.42	2	0	1-benzofurans
3-ketocarbofuran [no description available]	2.01	1	0	benzofurans
fluorides [no description available]	4.61	8	0	halide anion; monoatomic fluorine
beta-selinene beta-selinene: isolated from aerial parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong; RN given for (4aR-(4aalpha,7alpha,8abeta))-isomer. (-)-beta-selinene : The (4aS,7S,8aR)-stereoisomer of beta-selinene.	2.71	3	0	beta-selinene
dioxidine dioxidine: Russian drug; structure	2.17	1	0
7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene 7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene: structure given in first source	3.05	1	0
stilbene oxide stilbene oxide: inducer of epoxide hydratase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.96	1	0	epoxide
metergoline Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.. metergoline : An ergoline alkaloid that is the N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivative of lysergamine. A 5-HT2 antagonist. Also 5-HT1 antagonist and 5-HT1D ligand. Has moderate affinity for 5-HT6 and high affinity for 5-HT7.	1.95	1	0	carbamate ester; ergoline alkaloid	dopamine agonist; geroprotector; serotonergic antagonist
clonixin Clonixin: Anti-inflammatory analgesic.. clonixin : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is nicotinic acid substituted at position 2 by a (2-methyl-3-chlorophenyl)amino group. Used (as its lysine salt) for treatment of renal colic, muscular pain and moderately severe migraine attacks.	1.97	1	0	aminopyridine; organochlorine compound; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; lipoxygenase inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
1-deoxynojirimycin 1-deoxy-nojirimycin: structure in first source. duvoglustat : An optically active form of 2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol having 2R,3R,4R,5S-configuration.	3.41	1	0	2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol; piperidine alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11h)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide Dibenz(b,f)(1,4)oxazepine-10(11H)-carboxylic acid, 8-chloro-, 2-acetylhydrazide: Inhibits the activity of prostaglandins.	2.05	1	0
iodine [no description available]	4.13	16	0	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
daunorubicin Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.	2.39	2	0	aminoglycoside antibiotic; anthracycline; p-quinones; tetracenequinones	antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite
phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group.	2.49	2	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine	Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen
carbimazole Carbimazole: An imidazole antithyroid agent. Carbimazole is metabolized to METHIMAZOLE, which is responsible for the antithyroid activity.. carbimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is methimazole in which the nitrogen bearing a hydrogen is converted into its ethoxycarbonyl derivative. A prodrug for methimazol, carbimazole is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.	2.37	2	0	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones; carbamate ester	antithyroid drug; prodrug
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	7.72	50	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous tserigel: according to first source contains polyvinylbutyral & cetylpyridinium chloride; UD only lists cetylpyridinium chloride as constituent. cetylpyridinium chloride : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and chloride as the anion. It has antiseptic properties and is used in solutions or lozenges for the treatment of minor infections of the mouth and throat.	2.9	4	0	chloride salt; organic chloride salt	antiseptic drug; surfactant
pyrrolidine [no description available]	2.38	2	0	azacycloalkane; pyrrolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
triamcinolone Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.	1.97	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 16alpha-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug
chloroprene Chloroprene: Toxic, possibly carcinogenic, monomer of neoprene, a synthetic rubber; causes damage to skin, lungs, CNS, kidneys, liver, blood cells and fetuses. Synonym: 2-chlorobutadiene.	2.05	1	0	chloroolefin
tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen.	3.08	1	0	chlorocarbon; chloroethenes	nephrotoxic agent
dimethylacetamide hallucinogen : Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.. N,N-dimethylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which the hydrogens attached to the N atom have been replaced by two methyl groups respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.	7.07	1	0	acetamides; monocarboxylic acid amide	human metabolite
ursodeoxycholic acid Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. ursodeoxycholic acid : A bile acid found in the bile of bears (Ursidae) as a conjugate with taurine. Used therapeutically, it prevents the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol and can lead to the dissolution of gallstones.. ursodeoxycholate : A bile acid anion that is the conjugate base of ursodeoxycholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.38	2	0	bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	2.45	2	0	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
4-methoxyamphetamine 4-methoxyamphetamine: para-methoxy derivative to amphetamine with hallucinogenic properties; minor descriptor (75-86); on line & INDEX MEDICUS search AMPHETAMINES (75-86); RN given refers to parent compound without isomeric designation	5.08	2	1
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.	3.36	7	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound	antidepressant; protein kinase agonist
2-chlorodibenzofuran 2-chlorodibenzofuran: structure	3.26	6	0
alkenes [no description available]	7.12	61	0
calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones).	2.4	2	0	organic calcium salt
talsupram talsupram: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.89	4	0
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	5.25	50	0	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation.	2.21	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate
azoxymethane Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.	2.05	1	0
ethofumesate ethofumesate: structure in first source. ethofumesate : A racemate comprising of equimolar amounts of (S)- and (R)-ethofumesate.. 2-ethoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate ester that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 2-ethoxy-3,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group.	4.26	17	0	1-benzofurans; ether; methanesulfonate ester
torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays.	3	4	0
sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid).	2.89	4	0	inorganic sodium salt	antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen
azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3.	3.68	10	0	pseudohalide anion	mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor
halofenate Halofenate: An antihyperlipoproteinemic agent and uricosuric agent.	3.05	1	0
timolol (S)-timolol (anhydrous) : The (S)-(-) (more active) enantiomer of timolol. A beta-adrenergic antagonist, both the hemihydrate and the maleate salt are used in the mangement of glaucoma, hypertension, angina pectoris and myocardial infarction, and for the prevention of migraine.	1.96	1	0	timolol	anti-arrhythmia drug; antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist
tramadol Tramadol: A narcotic analgesic proposed for severe pain. It may be habituating.. tramadol : A racemate consisting of equal amounts of (R,R)- and (S,S)-tramadol. A centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, used (as the hydrochloride salt) to treat moderately severe pain. The (R,R)-enantiomer exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer. Originally developed by Gruenenthal GmbH and launched in 1977, it was subsequently isolated from the root bark of the South African tree Nauclea latifolia.. (R,R)-tramadol : A 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol in which both stereocentres have R-configuration; the (R,R)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol, it exhibits ten-fold higher analgesic potency than the (S,S)-enantiomer.	5.36	3	1	2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexanol	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antitussive; capsaicin receptor antagonist; delta-opioid receptor agonist; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; muscarinic antagonist; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
4,5,6,7-tetrachlorophthalide 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorophthalide: a fungicide. 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one in which all or the hydrogens attached to the benzene ring are replaced by chlorines. A fungicide used for the control of rice blast, it is not approved for use within the European Union.	2.97	4	0	gamma-lactone; organic heterobicyclic compound; propan-1-ol; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical; melanin synthesis inhibitor
gallium citrate [no description available]	4.9	1	1
nigericin Nigericin: A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nigericin : A polyether antibiotic which affects ion transport and ATPase activity in mitochondria. It is produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus.	3.07	5	0	polycyclic ether	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
toloxatone toloxatone: oxazolidinone derivative; psychotropic drug; structure. toloxatone : A racemate consisting of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-toloxatone. It is a reversible monoamine oxidase A inhibitor and antidepressant.. 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one : A member of the class of oxazolidinones that is 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one substituted by a 3-methylphenyl group at position 3.	2.17	1	0	oxazolidinone; primary alcohol; toluenes
ioxitalamic acid ioxitalamic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; Telebrix 38 contains both sodium ioxitalamate & meglumine ioxitalamate; structure. iooxitalamic acid : An organoiodine compound that is 2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3 and a (2-hydroxyethyl)carbamoyl group at position 5. It is used as a contrast medium.	1.96	1	0	acetamides; benzoic acids; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; organoiodine compound	environmental contaminant; radioopaque medium; xenobiotic
moricizine Moricizine: An antiarrhythmia agent used primarily for ventricular rhythm disturbances.. moricizine : A phenothiazine substituted on the nitrogen by a 3-(morpholin-4-yl)propanoyl group, and at position 2 by an (ethoxycarbonyl)amino group.	1.96	1	0	carbamate ester; morpholines; phenothiazines	anti-arrhythmia drug
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzofuran: structure in first source	3.16	5	0
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
7-ethoxycoumarin 7-ethoxycoumarin : A member of the class of coumarins that is umbelliferone in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by an ethoxy group.	2.02	1	0	aromatic ether; coumarins
acetylgalactosamine Acetylgalactosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.	3.64	1	1	N-acetyl-D-hexosamine; N-acetylgalactosamine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
pcb 118 [no description available]	3.15	5	0	dichlorobenzene; pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at position 3 and 4 on each phenyl group are replaced by chlorines.	3.11	5	0	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.25	1	0	dichlorobenzene; pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.67	3	0	hexachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	2.25	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	9.41	17	6	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
2-nitrobenzofuran [no description available]	3.65	9	0
kc 400 KC 400: mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls. 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both phenyl groups are substituted by chlorines at positions 3 and 5.	1.96	1	0	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
etoposide [no description available]	3.34	6	0	beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor
substance p [no description available]	4.37	21	0	peptide	neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
2,7-dichlorodibenzo-4-dioxin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
oxetorone oxetorone: treatment of migraine; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	5.35	5	3	oxacycle
tertatolol tertatolol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	thiochromane
2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	3.72	10	0	hexachlorobiphenyl
diflubenzuron Diflubenzuron: An insect growth regulator which interferes with the formation of the insect cuticle. It is effective in the control of mosquitoes and flies.. diflubenzuron : A benzoylurea insecticide that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group, and a hydrogen attached to the other nitrogen is replaced bgy a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group.	2	1	0	benzoylurea insecticide; monochlorobenzenes	insect sterilant
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzodioxin: contaminant of pentachlorophenol	3.34	6	0	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename	16.55	66	27	1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems.	3.23	6	0	butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.1	1	0
2,3,4,2',3',4'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	1.98	1	0
2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.89	3	0	dichlorobenzene; hexachlorobiphenyl; tetrachlorobenzene
aroclor 1016 [no description available]	1.98	1	0
2,8-dichlorodibenzo-4-dioxin 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-4-dioxin: metabolite for 2,3,7,8-TCDD	2.42	2	0
octachlorodibenzofuran octachlorodibenzofuran: structure	3.56	8	0	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
2-chlorodibenzo-4-dioxin 2-chlorodibenzo-4-dioxin: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.71	3	0
agent orange Agent Orange: A herbicide that contains equal parts of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), as well as traces of the contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin.	5.72	15	0
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [no description available]	3.81	11	0	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
pendimethalin pendimethalin : A member of the class of substituted anilines that is N-(pentan-3-yl)aniline bearing two additional nitro substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4. A herbicide used to control most annual grasses and many annual broad-leaved weeds.	2.11	1	0	C-nitro compound; secondary amino compound; substituted aniline	agrochemical; environmental contaminant; herbicide
methyldopa Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.. alpha-methyl-L-dopa : A derivative of L-tyrosine having a methyl group at the alpha-position and an additional hydroxy group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	alpha-adrenergic agonist; antihypertensive agent; hapten; peripheral nervous system drug; sympatholytic agent
metamitron metamitron : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, a methyl group at position 3 and a phenyl group at position 6.	2.43	2	0	1,2,4-triazines	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
bezafibrate [no description available]	2.47	2	0	aromatic ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antilipemic drug; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; xenobiotic
sq-11725 Nadolol: A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist with a long half-life, used in cardiovascular disease to treat arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and hypertension. Nadolol is also used for MIGRAINE DISORDERS and for tremor.. nadolol : Nadolol is a diastereoisomeric mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of the four possible 2,3-cis-isomers of 5-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,3-diol.	2.38	2	0
diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.	4.84	13	0	5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate	antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent
flunixin meglumine flunixin meglumine : An organoammonium salt obtained by combining flunixin with one molar equivalent of 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A relatively potent non-narcotic, nonsteroidal analgesic with anti-inflammatory, anti-endotoxic and anti-pyretic properties; used in veterinary medicine for treatment of horses, cattle and pigs.	1.97	1	0	organoammonium salt	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
triadimefon 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one : A member of the class of triazoles that is 1-hydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-one in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; hemiaminal ether; ketone; monochlorobenzenes; triazoles
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position.	3.61	8	0	pyridinium ion	apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin
2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-4-dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-4-dioxin: structure given in first source. 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzodioxine : An organobromine compound that is dibenzodioxine carrying four bromo substituents at positions 2, 3, 7 and 8.	2.91	4	0	dibenzodioxine; organobromine compound
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.	3.97	13	0	alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran: toxic product which was generated in Italy due to an explosion in a plant manufacturing 2,4,5-trichlorophenol	7.58	105	0	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
phenazepam [no description available]	2.13	1	0
permethrin hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141	7.05	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; cyclopropanes	agrochemical; ectoparasiticide; pyrethroid ester acaricide; pyrethroid ester insecticide; scabicide
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).	3.48	8	0
quisqualic acid Quisqualic Acid: An agonist at two subsets of excitatory amino acid receptors, ionotropic receptors that directly control membrane channels and metabotropic receptors that indirectly mediate calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. The compound is obtained from the seeds and fruit of Quisqualis chinensis.	1.97	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
decamethrin decamethrin: pyrethroid insecticide; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; nitrile; organobromine compound	agrochemical; antifeedant; calcium channel agonist; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; pyrethroid ester insecticide
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.43	2	0	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
1-carboxyglutamic acid 1-Carboxyglutamic Acid: Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications.	1.97	1	0
dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified thio moieties	2.92	4	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	acaricide; agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; nematicide
2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source	14.47	96	1	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	4.29	4	1	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
indacrinone indacrinone: polyvalent saluretic; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.05	1	0
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin: contaminant of pentachlorophenol	3.83	2	1	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
lorcainide [no description available]	1.96	1	0	acetamides
2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexabromobiphenyl 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexabromobiphenyl: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl : A polybromobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 2', 4, 4', 5, and 5' have been replace by bromines.	2.42	2	0	brominated flame retardant; polybromobiphenyl
dihydroalprenolol Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study.	2.65	3	0
2,2',4,4',5-pentachlorodiphenyl ether 2,2',4,4',5-pentachlorodiphenyl ether: structure given in first source; RN from Toxlit	2.43	2	0
propiconazole Orbit: Bony cavity that holds the eyeball and its associated tissues and appendages.	1.97	1	0	conazole fungicide; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; triazole fungicide; triazoles	antifungal agrochemical; EC 1.14.13.70 (sterol 14alpha-demethylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo.	3.85	3	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	4.63	6	1	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
indalpine indalpine: selective 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.96	1	0	indoles
salsoline salsoline: monomethylated metabolite of salsolinol; endogenous neurotoxin found in CSF of patients with Parkinson's disease	2.02	1	0	isoquinolines
deltanit [no description available]	3.1	5	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
bw-755c 4,5-Dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-amine: A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia.	2.38	2	0
colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.	4.58	26	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol	adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist
encainide Encainide: One of the ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS, it blocks VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS and slows conduction within the His-Purkinje system and MYOCARDIUM.. encainide : 4-Methoxy-N-phenylbenzamide in which the hydrogen at the 2 position of the phenyl group is substituted by a 2-(1-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl group. A class Ic antiarrhythmic, the hydrochloride was used for the treatment of severe or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but it was associated with increased death rates in patients who had asymptomatic heart rhythm abnormalities after a recent heart attack and was withdrawn from the market.	3.06	1	0	benzamides; piperidines	anti-arrhythmia drug; sodium channel blocker
cianopramine [no description available]	1.96	1	0
talniflumate talniflumate: an anti-inflammatory molecule for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma	8.32	10	4	benzofurans
trioxifene trioxifene: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
r 6597 2-nitronaphtho(2,1-b)furan: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran [no description available]	4.86	8	1	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
alfentanil Alfentanil: A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.. alfentanil : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine having a 2-(4-ethyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl group at the 1-position as well as N-phenylpropanamido- and methoxymethyl groups at the 4-position.	4.07	3	1	monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines	central nervous system depressant; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug
fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya.	3.69	10	0	aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols	agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide
dazoxiben dazoxiben: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.38	2	0
lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom).	4.79	9	0	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring)	anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug
2-nitro-7-methoxynaphtho(2-1b)furan 2-nitro-7-methoxynaphtho(2-1b)furan: structure given in first source	2.36	2	0
2-nitro-8-methoxynaphtho(2,1-b)furan [no description available]	1.96	1	0
dazmegrel [no description available]	2.9	4	0
bm 13505 daltroban: thromboxane antagonist	2.01	1	0
simvastatin Simvastatin: A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.. simvastatin : A member of the class of hexahydronaphthalenes that is lovastatin in which the 2-methylbutyrate ester moiety has been replaced by a 2,2-dimethylbutyrate ester group. It is used as a cholesterol-lowering and anti-cardiovascular disease drug.	3.46	1	1	delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; statin (semi-synthetic)	EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; geroprotector; prodrug
idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group.	6.62	66	0	benzodioxine; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist.	2.4	2	0	pyrazoloquinoline	dopamine agonist
pravastatin Pravastatin: An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).. pravastatin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of (S)-2-methylbutyric acid with the hydroxy group adjacent to the ring junction of (3R,5R)-7-[(1S,2S,6S,8S,8aR)-6,8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid. Derived from microbial transformation of mevastatin, pravastatin is a reversible inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). The sodium salt is used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. It is one of the lower potency statins, but has the advantage of fewer side effects compared with lovastatin and simvastatin.	3.7	1	1	3-hydroxy carboxylic acid; carbobicyclic compound; carboxylic ester; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol; statin (semi-synthetic)	anticholesteremic drug; environmental contaminant; metabolite; xenobiotic
losulazine hydrochloride losulazine hydrochloride: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
benfuracarb benfuracarb: a procarbamate insecticide	4.17	16	0	1-benzofurans; carbamate ester; ethyl ester	agrochemical; carbamate insecticide; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
raloxifene hydrochloride Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride.	2.44	2	0	hydrochloride	bone density conservation agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME.	3.14	5	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound	abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive
itraconazole Itraconazole: A triazole antifungal agent that inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes required for ERGOSTEROL synthesis.. itraconazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is cis-ketoconazole in which the imidazol-1-yl group is replaced by a 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group and in which the actyl group attached to the piperazine moiety is replaced by a p-[(+-)1-sec-butyl-5-oxo-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]phenyl group. A potent P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4 inhibitor, it is used as an antifungal drug for the treatment of various fungal infections, including aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, chromoblastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, and sporotrichosis.	4.9	1	1	aromatic ether; conazole antifungal drug; cyclic ketal; dichlorobenzene; dioxolane; N-arylpiperazine; triazole antifungal drug; triazoles	EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; P450 inhibitor
pirmagrel pirmagrel: structure given in first source	2.89	4	0
spiradoline spiradoline: RN given refers to (5alpha,7alpha,8beta)-(+-)-isomer; structure given in first source	3.26	6	0
fluorodopa f 18 fluorodopa F 18: RN given refers to (L)-isomer	2.43	2	0	(18)F radiopharmaceutical; 6-fluoro-L-dopa
ranolazine Ranolazine: An acetanilide and piperazine derivative that functions as a SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and prevents the release of enzymes during MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA. It is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS.. N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetamide : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propyl]piperazin-1-yl}acetic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.. ranolazine : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-ranolazine. Used for treatment of chronic angina.	3.14	1	0	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; secondary alcohol
fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues.	11.4	566	1
eticlopride eticlopride: blocks dopamine-D2 binding sites; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	3.4	1	1	salicylamides
finasteride Finasteride: An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. finasteride : An aza-steroid that is a synthetic drug for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.	2.17	1	0	3-oxo steroid; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	androgen antagonist; antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
carmoxirole carmoxirole : An indolecarboxylic acid that is indole-5-carboxylic acid bearing an additional 4-(4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl)butyl substituent at position 3. Selective, peripherally acting dopamine D2 receptor agonist. Modulates noradrenalin release and sympathetic activation. Displays antihypertensive properties in vivo.	2.02	1	0	indolecarboxylic acid; tertiary amino compound; tetrahydropyridine	antihypertensive agent; dopamine agonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
imiquimod Imiquimod: A topically-applied aminoquinoline immune modulator that induces interferon production. It is used in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts, superficial CARCINOMA, BASAL CELL; and ACTINIC KERATOSIS.. imiquimod : An imidazoquinoline fused [4,5-c] carrying isobutyl and amino substituents at N-1 and C-4 respectively. A prescription medication, it acts as an immune response modifier and is used to treat genital warts, superficial basal cell carcinoma, and actinic keratosis.	2.17	1	0	imidazoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; interferon inducer
naxagolide naxagolide: structure given in first source. naxagolide : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (4aR,10bR)-3,4,4a,5,6,10b-hexahydro-2H-naphtho[1,2-b][1,4]oxazine substituted by propyl and hydroxy groups at positions 4 and 9, respectively. It is a potent dopamine D2-receptor agonist and its hydrochloride salt was under clinical development by Merck & Co as a potential antiparkinsonian agent (now discontinued).	2.1	1	0	organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; tertiary amino compound	anticonvulsant; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist
tepoxalin tepoxalin : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]propanoic acid with the amino group of N-methylhydroxylamine. It is used in veterinary medicine for the control of pain and inflammation caused by musculoskeletal disorders such as hip dysplasia and arthritis in dogs.	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; hydroxamic acid; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	antipyretic; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; lipoxygenase inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
sulofenur sulofenur: a diarylsulfonylurea	3.78	3	0
zileuton [no description available]	2.68	3	0	1-benzothiophenes; ureas	anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
clopidogrel Clopidogrel: A ticlopidine analog and platelet purinergic P2Y receptor antagonist that inhibits adenosine diphosphate-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used to prevent THROMBOEMBOLISM in patients with ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; STROKE; or ATRIAL FIBRILLATION.. clopidogrel : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group, the methylene hydrogen of which is replaced by a methoxycarbonyl group (the S enantiomer). A P2Y12 receptor antagonist, it is used to inhibit blood clots and prevent heart attacks.	5.29	3	1	methyl ester; monochlorobenzenes; thienopyridine	anticoagulant; P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
liarozole liarozole: inhibits all-trans-retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase; effective against hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumors; R 75251 is chlorohydrate of R 61405; a potent inhibitor of retinoic acid metabolism; USAN name - liarozole fumarate	2.03	1	0	benzimidazoles
mibefradil Mibefradil: A benzimidazoyl-substituted tetraline that selectively binds and inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, T-TYPE.	2.06	1	0	tetralins	T-type calcium channel blocker
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	2.31	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
tenidap tenidap: structure given in first source; RN refers to (Z)-isomer	1.99	1	0
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	8.33	6	5	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ibutilide ibutilide: RN & structure in first source; RN refers to the fumarate salt	2.02	1	0	benzenes; organic amino compound
enadoline enadoline: kappa-opioid receptor agonist; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; PD 129290 (CAM 570; CI 977) is the S,S(-)-enantiomer; PD 129289 (CAM 569) is the corresponding R,R(+)-enantiomer	10.45	78	5
u 77779 bizelesin: structure given in first source	5.55	13	0
aripiprazole Aripiprazole: A piperazine and quinolone derivative that is used primarily as an antipsychotic agent. It is a partial agonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT1A and DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS, where it also functions as a post-synaptic antagonist, and an antagonist of SEROTONIN RECEPTOR, 5-HT2A. It is used for the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER, and as an adjunct therapy for the treatment of depression.. aripiprazole : An N-arylpiperazine that is piperazine substituted by a 4-[(2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-7-yl)oxy]butyl group at position 1 and by a 2,3-dichlorophenyl group at position 4. It is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of Schizophrenia, and other mood disorders.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; delta-lactam; dichlorobenzene; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; quinolone	drug metabolite; H1-receptor antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic agonist
xanomeline xanomeline: a cholinergic agonist; used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	tetrahydropyridine; thiadiazoles	muscarinic agonist; serotonergic agonist
atorvastatin [no description available]	4.07	2	1	aromatic amide; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; pyrroles; statin (synthetic)	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
lamivudine [no description available]	4.9	1	1	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; oxacycle; primary alcohol	allergen; anti-HBV agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; prodrug
duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration.	6.06	4	0	duloxetine hydrochloride	antidepressant
irinotecan [no description available]	2.82	3	0	carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug
atevirdine atevirdine: inhibits replication of HIV-1; U 87201E is the methanesulfonate salt	2.05	1	0
ziprasidone ziprasidone: a benzisothiazoylpiperazine derivative; has combined dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonist activity; structurally related to tiospirone. ziprasidone : A piperazine compound having 1,2-benzothiazol-3-yl- and 2-(6-chloro-1,3-dihydro-2-oxindol-5-yl)ethyl substituents attached to the nitrogen atoms.	2.04	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; indolones; organochlorine compound; piperazines	antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist
emtricitabine Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.	4.9	1	1	monothioacetal; nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidone	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
tirofiban Tirofiban: Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. tirofiban : A member of the class of piperidines that is L-tyrosine in which a hydrogen attached to the amino group is replaced by a butylsulfonyl group and in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 4-(piperidin-4-yl)butyl group.	2.13	1	0	L-tyrosine derivative; piperidines; sulfonamide	anticoagulant; fibrin modulating drug; platelet glycoprotein-IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist
adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit	5.62	14	0	adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent
3-n-butylphthalide 3-n-butylphthalide: isolated from phenolic part of Ligusticum wallichii Franch; structure given in first source	15.92	296	19	benzofurans
pyranine pyranine: structure	2.41	2	0	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome
sodium molybdate(vi) sodium molybdate(VI): RN given refers to molybdic acid, di-Na salt. sodium molybdate (anhydrous) : An inorganic sodium salt having molybdate as the counterion.	1.96	1	0	inorganic sodium salt	poison
gadolinium chloride gadolinium chloride: a macrophage inhibitor; reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory mediator production induced by inhaled ozone	2.45	2	0	gadolinium coordination entity	TRP channel blocker
vanadates Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.	2.4	2	0	trivalent inorganic anion; vanadium oxoanion	EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine: RN given refers to (alpha)-isomer; a serotonin agonist that interferes with Meth A tumor growth in mice by selective vasoconstrictive action	2.04	1	0
cathinone cathinone: alkaloid from khat shrub, Catha edulis; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. cathinone : The S stereoisomer of 2-aminopropiophenone.	7.54	2	0	2-aminopropiophenone; monoamine alkaloid	central nervous system stimulant; psychotropic drug
glycoluril glycoluril: a compound made of two 2-imidazolidinone fused at the 4 and 5 positions	3.16	1	0	azabicycloalkane; ureas
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid: deblocking reagent for peptide synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd. triflic acid : A one-carbon compound that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogens attached to the methyl carbon have been replaced by fluorines.	2.75	3	0	one-carbon compound; perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid
cuprous chloride cuprous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. copper(I) chloride : An inorganic chloride of copper in which the metal is in the +1 oxidation state.	2.93	4	0	copper molecular entity; inorganic chloride	agrochemical; molluscicide
colestipol Colestipol: Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.. colestipol : A high molecular weight copolymer of diethylenetriamine and epichlorohydrin (hydrochloride), with approximately 1 out of 5 amine nitrogens protonated. Due to the highly cross-linked and insoluble nature of the material, no structural formula has been assigned and no specific molecular weight information is available. A basic anion exchange resin, it is used as its hydrochloride for binding bile acids in the intestine, inhibiting their reabsorption.	2.13	1	0
venlafaxine hydrochloride Venlafaxine Hydrochloride: A cyclohexanol and phenylethylamine derivative that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	4.11	1	0	hydrochloride
trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride.	3.3	6	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor
3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl : A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions.	5.74	26	0	pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
efavirenz efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.	4.9	1	1	acetylenic compound; benzoxazine; cyclopropanes; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.	6.46	65	0	D-glucopyranose	epitope; mouse metabolite
l 154819 mevinolinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source. mevinolinic acid : A polyketide obtained by hydrolysis of the pyranone ring of lovastatin.	2.13	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; fatty acid ester; polyketide	Aspergillus metabolite; drug metabolite; EC 1.1.1.34/EC 1.1.1.88 (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitor; teratogenic agent
lanthanum chloride lanthanum chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
ursolic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	2.02	1	0	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
cyclen cyclen: macrocyclic polyamine metal-complexing agent. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane : An azacycloalkane that is cyclododecane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 4, 7 and 10 are replaced by nitrogen atoms.	2.08	1	0	azacycloalkane; crown amine; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.	3.85	11	0	organic bromide salt	colorimetric reagent; dye
betulinic acid [no description available]	2.01	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite
arctigenin arctigenin: precursor to catechols; in many plants	2.11	1	0	lignan
baicalin [no description available]	2.21	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
plerixafor plerixafor: a bicyclam derivate, highly potent & selective inhibitor of HIV-1 & HIV-2. plerixafor : An azamacrocycle consisting of two cyclam rings connected by a 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It is a CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist and a hematopoietic stem cell mobilizer. It is used in combination with grulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells to the perpheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma.	2.25	1	0	azacycloalkane; azamacrocycle; benzenes; crown amine; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anti-HIV agent; antineoplastic agent; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 antagonist; immunological adjuvant
5-methylcytosine 5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position.	2.08	1	0	methylcytosine; pyrimidines	human metabolite
thionine thionine: do not confuse with the thionins which is a class of polypeptides; RN above is for the chloride;. thionine : An organic chloride salt composed of 3,7-diaminophenothiazin-5-ium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. A strongly metachromatic dye, useful for the staining of acid mucopolysaccharides. It is also a common nuclear stain and can be used for the demonstration of Nissl substance in nerve cells of the CNS.	1.97	1	0
protolichesterinic acid protolichesterinic acid: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; isolated from the lichen Cetraria islandica; RN given refers to (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source	4.23	5	0
fluorexon fluorexon: structure	2.17	1	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium 10,10'-dimethyl-9,9'-biacridinium: chemoluminescent probe; RN given refers to dinitrate; Lucigenin refers to dinitrate	1.96	1	0
chlorin chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.	2.03	1	0
aica ribonucleotide AICA ribonucleotide: purine precursor that has antineoplastic activity. AICA ribonucleotide : A 1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide that is acadesine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position has been converted to its monophosphate derivative.	2.08	1	0	1-(phosphoribosyl)imidazolecarboxamide; aminoimidazole	cardiovascular drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
depsidone depsidone: a dibenzo dioxepin with a lactone formed by one of the oxygens and a carbonyl between the two benzyl rings; some derivatives are found in GARCINIA plants. depsidone : The simplest member of the class of depsidones comprising of a heterotricyclic system that is 11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepine substituted by an oxo group at position 11.	4.24	5	0	depsidones; organic heterotricyclic compound
salvin salvin: a biocyclic diterpenoid; from sage and rosemary (Lamiaceae)	2.21	1	0	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; catechols; monocarboxylic acid	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; food preservative; HIV protease inhibitor; plant metabolite
lissamine rhodamine b lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt	2.13	1	0
tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II): a fluorescent dye; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	ruthenium coordination entity	fluorochrome
fluorophosphate fluorophosphate: inhibits Phosphorylas phosphatase irreversibly; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.17	1	0	fluorine molecular entity; phosphoric acid derivative
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid: spelled pyrolidine in J Nutr 1979 reference; RN given refers to parent cpd. pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate : A member of the class of dithiocarbamic acids that is the N-dithiocarboxy derivative of pyrrolidine.	2.47	2	0	dithiocarbamic acids; pyrrolidines	anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; neuroprotective agent; NF-kappaB inhibitor; radical scavenger
betamethasone sodium phosphate betamethasone sodium phosphate: phosphate ester of betamethasone; RN given refers to the di-Na salt (11beta,16beta)-isomer; structure in Negwer,5th ed, 4975. betamethasone sodium phosphate : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of betamethasone phosphate.	2.06	1	0	organic sodium salt; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	3.59	2	0	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
cedrol cedrol: a cyclic terpenoid from cedarwood oil; 8-epicedrol is an epimer	2.52	2	0	cedrane sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol
physodic acid physodic acid: lichen constituent	2.41	2	0	carbonyl compound
tedisamil tedisamil : A member of the class of diazabicyclononanes that is (1s,5s)-3,7-diazaspiro[bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9,1'-cyclopentane] in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 7 are replaced by cyclopropylmethyl groups. It is a potassium channel blocker and an antiarrhythmic agent currently currently in development for the treatment of atrial fibrillation.	3.13	1	0
milnacipran Milnacipran: A cyclopropanecarboxamide serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that is used in the treatment of FIBROMYALGIA.	3.6	2	0	acetamides
mci-196 colestimide: a 2-methylimidazole-epichlorohydrin polymer; bile acid and methotrexate anion-exchange resin	2.05	1	0
tallimustine tallimustine: structure given in first source	3.5	2	0
raxofelast Raxofelast: prodrug of IRFI-005	6.84	20	1
repaglinide [no description available]	2.13	1	0	piperidines
telmisartan Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.	2.07	1	0	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
adipic dihydrazide [no description available]	2.21	1	0
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	2.01	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine [no description available]	2.15	1	0
naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS.	2.04	1	0
xanthoxyline xanthoxyline: isolated from Sebastiania schottiana (Euphorbiaceae); structure given in first source; also present in Xanthoxylum, Rutaceae, Artemisia and other plants	1.99	1	0	carboxylic ester
acetoxime [no description available]	2.11	1	0	ketoxime
phenoxazine phenoxazine: RN given refers to 10H-phenoxazine. 10H-phenoxazine : A member of the class of phenoxazines that is morpholine which is ortho-fused to two benzene rings at positions 2-3 and 5-6.	2	1	0	phenoxazine	ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
1,7-phenanthroline [no description available]	6.76	17	0	phenanthroline
triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.	12.24	38	0	1,2,3-triazole
1h-tetrazole tetrazole : An azaarene that is a five-membered ring composed of 4 nitrogen and 1 carbon atom.. 2H-tetrazole : A tetrazole tautomer where the proton is located on the 2 position.	2.75	3	0	one-carbon compound; tetrazole
1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene: structure	1.97	1	0
atranorin atranorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	3.99	13	0	carbonyl compound
orsellinic acid orsellinic acid: from the Sonoran desert endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum; structure in first source. o-orsellinic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid that is 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by a methyl group.	2.79	3	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite; metabolite
dictamnine dictamnine: furanoquinoline alkaloid; crosslinks DNA in presence of ultraviolet light	4.47	8	0	alkaloid antibiotic; organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; oxacycle
khellinone khellinone: a Kv1.3 potassium channel blocker	3.17	5	0
isocoumarins Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1.	9.53	23	0	isocoumarins
4-chromanone [no description available]	2.31	1	0	chromones
coumalic acid coumalic acid: RN given for parent cpd	2.31	1	0	pyranone
2-imidazoline 2-imidazoline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. imidazoline : An imidazoline compound having the double bond at the 2-position.	2.07	1	0	imidazolines
delphinidin Paraffin: A mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It has a wide range of uses including as a stiffening agent in ointments, as a lubricant, and as a topical anti-inflammatory. It is also commonly used as an embedding material in histology.. delphinidin chloride : An anthocyanidin chloride that has delphinidin as the cationic counterpart.	4.18	5	0	anthocyanidin chloride
2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone: structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
alpha-methylene gamma-butyrolactone alpha-methylene gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide having a methylene group at the 3-position.	1.96	1	0	butan-4-olide	anti-ulcer drug; gastrointestinal drug
2(3h)-benzofuranone 2(3H)-benzofuranone: structure in first source	3.32	6	0
4-methoxyestradiol 4-methoxyestradiol: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer. 4-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a methoxy group.	2.01	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; phenols	estrogen; human metabolite; rat metabolite
fluorodeoxyglucose f18 Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)	6.26	3	1	2-deoxy-2-((18)F)fluoro-D-glucose; 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-aldehydo-D-glucose
sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.	5.68	5	0	dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins	antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor
picosulfate sodium picosulfate sodium: contains two active ingredients, sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate, which are both laxatives; structure	2.13	1	0	aryl sulfate; pyridines
befuraline befuraline: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.34	1	1
rilmenidine Rilmenidine: Oxazole derivative that acts as an agonist for ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION.	4.21	17	0	isourea
midaglizole midaglizole: orally effective hypoglycemic agent structurally unrelated to known hypoglycemics; RN given for parent cpd	1.97	1	0
2,3-dimethylhydroquinone 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene : A methoxybenzene carrying methoxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 5. It has been found to be a biomarker of flavonoid consumption in humans.	2.05	1	0	methoxybenzenes	biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite
2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone: inhibits aminopyrine-N-demethylase in rat liver microsomal preparations	2.17	1	0	aromatic ketone
allyltrimethylsilane allyltrimethylsilane: used to make allyl C-glycosylic compounds	2.1	1	0
1-hydroxy-2(1h)-pyridinone 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
6-aminouracil [no description available]	2.13	1	0	pyrimidone
5-hydroxymethylcytosine 5-(hydroxymethyl)cytosine : A nucleobase analogue that is cytosine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by a hydroxymethyl group.	2.08	1	0	aminopyrimidine; aromatic primary alcohol; nucleobase analogue; pyrimidone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cloridarol cloridarol: structure	5.16	6	2	benzofurans
acamprosate Acamprosate: Structural analog of taurine that is used for the prevention of relapse in individuals with ALCOHOLISM.. acamprosate : An organosulfonic acid that is propane-1-sulfonic acid substituted by an acetylamino group at position 3.	2.03	1	0	acetamides; organosulfonic acid	environmental contaminant; neurotransmitter agent; xenobiotic
n-methylscopolamine N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.	3.29	6	0
cromakalim Cromakalim: A potassium-channel opening vasodilator that has been investigated in the management of hypertension. It has also been tried in patients with asthma. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p352)	2.4	2	0
lazabemide lazabemide: structure given in first source	3.28	6	0
atipamezole [no description available]	2.17	1	0
uk 68798 [no description available]	3.57	2	0	aromatic ether; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; potassium channel blocker
lecimibide [no description available]	3.1	1	0
hp 873 iloperidone: an atypical, negative symptom antipsychotic agent. iloperidone : A member of the class of piperidines that is the 4-acetyl-2-methoxyphenyl ether of 3-(piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-ol which is substituted at position 4 of the piperidine ring by a 6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl group. A member of the group of second generation antipsychotics (also known as an atypical antipsychotics), it is used for the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.11	1	0	1,2-benzoxazoles; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; methyl ketone; monoamine; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	dopaminergic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
tyloxapol tyloxapol: non-ionic detergent with surface-active properties; incompatible with metals; surfactant also used in inhalation therapy; N1 is from CA Vol 90 Form Index; N1 in Chemline is same as synonym 8. tyloxapol : A polymeric compound resulting from the reaction of 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol with formaldehyde to give a chain in which 6-8 molecules are linked together by CH2 groups ortho to the phenolic hydroxy groups, which have then undergone reaction with oxirane to give polyoxyethyleneoxy moieties, Ar(OCH2CH2)xOH, where x = 8-10. A nonionic liquic polymer, it inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma, so is used to induce hyperlipidaemia in test animals. Also used as a surfactant to aid liquefaction and removal of mucus- and pus-containing bronchopulmonary secretions.	2.47	2	0
masoprocol Masoprocol: A potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. The compound also inhibits formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase to a lesser extent. It also serves as an antioxidant in fats and oils.. masoprocol : The meso-form of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. An antioxidant found in the creosote bush, Larrea divaricata, it is a potent lipoxygenase inhibitor that interferes with arachidonic acid metabolism. It also inhibits (though to a lesser extent) formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase, carboxylesterase, and cyclooxygenase.	4.01	4	0	nordihydroguaiaretic acid	antineoplastic agent; hypoglycemic agent; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite
a 78773 A 78773: a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor	1.99	1	0
bufuralol bufuralol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	4.95	9	1	benzofurans
spizofurone [no description available]	3.22	6	0	benzofurans
butoprozine butoprozine: benzoylindolizine derivative related to amiodarone	3.57	9	0
efaroxan efaroxan: RN given refers to parent cpd	9.29	144	1	1-benzofurans
tritoqualine tritoqualine: structure	1.96	1	0	isoquinolines
4-o-methyl-12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate [no description available]	2.25	1	0
magnolol [no description available]	2.11	1	0	biphenyls
sesamin (+)-sesamin : A lignan that consists of tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by 1,3-benzodioxole groups at positions 1 and 4 (the 1S,3aR,4S,6aR stereoisomer). Isolated from Cinnamomum camphora, it exhibits cytotoxic activity.	3.51	2	0	benzodioxoles; furofuran; lignan	antineoplastic agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
daphnodorin b daphnodorin B: structure given in first source; isolated from the root and bark of Daphne odora	7.08	1	0
leupeptin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	aldehyde; tripeptide	bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor
warburganal [no description available]	2	1	0	tertiary alcohol
nagilactone c nagilactone C: norditerpene lactone isolated from leaves of Podocarpus; structure	2.02	1	0
alantolactone alantolactone: allergenic sesquiterpene lactone; crystalline mixture of alantolactones from group of sesquiterpenes; structure. alantolactone : A sesquiterpene lactone that is 3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-octahydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-2-one bearing two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 8a as well as a methylidene substituent at position 3.	2.36	2	0	naphthofuran; olefinic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
3-nitrodibenzofuran 3-nitrodibenzofuran: structure given in first source	2.72	3	0
vexibinol vexibinol: flavanol from Sophora; structure in first source; RN given refers to (S-(R,S))-isomer. sophoraflavanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having a structure of naringenin bearing an additional hydroxyl substituent at position 2' as well as a (2R)-5-methyl-2-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-4-en-1-yl (lavandulyl) substituent at position 8'.	1.97	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone	antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
tetrandrine tetrandrine: a bisbenzylisoquinoline that exhibits antifibrogenic activity	2.58	2	0	bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines
lobaric acid lobaric acid: inhibits formation of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4; also reduces muscle contraction; structure in first source	3.14	5	0	carbonyl compound
5-(n-methyl-n-isobutyl)amiloride 5-(N-methyl-N-isobutyl)amiloride: inhibitor of the Na+-H+ antiporter	1.98	1	0
magnoflorine magnoflorine: opium alkaloid having the aporphine configuration; RN given refers to parent cpd(S)-isomer; structure. (S)-magnoflorine : An aporphine alkaloid that is (S)-corytuberine in which the nitrogen has been quaternised by an additional methyl group.	2.45	2	0	aporphine alkaloid; quaternary ammonium ion	plant metabolite
gliclazide 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid: a gap junction inhibitor	2	1	0
2-phenyl-6-methyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran 2-phenyl-6-methyl-4-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzofuran: structure	1.95	1	0
new methylene blue [no description available]	2.03	1	0
stictic acid stictic acid: antioxidant from lichen, Usnea articulata; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	aromatic ether
gallein gallein: do not confuse with gallin; structure. gallein : A xanthene dye that is fluoran carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 3', 4', 5' and 6'.	1.95	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorochrome; G-protein-coupled receptor antagonist; histological dye
tetracyanoquinodimethane tetracyanoquinodimethane: structure. tetracyanoquinodimethane : A quinodimethane that is p-quinodimethane in which the methylidene hydrogens are replaced by cyano groups.	2.04	1	0	alicyclic compound; nitrile; quinodimethane
oxazolidin-2-one Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.	3.1	5	0	carbamate ester; oxazolidinone	metabolite
methyl gentisate methyl gentisate: skin lightening agent; structure in first source	2	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
methylimidazoleacetic acid methylimidazoleacetic acid: urinary metabolite of histamine & end product of histamine metabolism; RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl group.. 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 1-methyl-4-imidazoleacetic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.	2.06	1	0	imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid	GABA agonist; metabolite
6-carboxyfluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein: originally sold as 6-carboxyfluorescein, but commercial product is a mixture of two isomers; correct name is 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein	2.39	2	0	monocarboxylic acid
5-hydroxy-2-oxindole 5-hydroxyoxindole: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
rosiglitazone [no description available]	2.44	2	0	aminopyridine; thiazolidinediones	EC 6.2.1.3 (long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; insulin-sensitizing drug
methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethyl benzoate atraric acid: structure in first source; from the stem barks of Newbouldia laevis	2.01	1	0	4-hydroxybenzoate ester
4-chlorosalicylic acid [no description available]	2.04	1	0
propylsulfonic acid propylsulfonic acid: RN given refers to cpd without locant for propyl moiety	2.1	1	0
imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine: structure	2.41	1	0
1,4-dioxin 1,4-dioxine : An oxacycle that is 4H-pyran in which the methylene group at position 4 is replaced by an oxygen. Non-aromatic.	2.75	3	0	oxacycle
12-hydroxydodecanoic acid 12-hydroxylauric acid : A medium-chain fatty acid that is the 12-hydroxylated derivative of lauric acid.	1.99	1	0	omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid	human metabolite
n-hydroxysuccinimide N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure	2.1	1	0
1,8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene [no description available]	2.15	1	0
s20098 [no description available]	7.2	8	0	acetamides
iodobromine iodobromine: used for analysis of phenols; RN given refers to cpd with MF Br-I	2.11	1	0
3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol: serotonin metabolite; structure	2.11	1	0	catechols; primary alcohol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
biocytin biocytin : A monocarboxylic acid amide that results from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of biotin with the N(6)-amino group of L-lysine.	1.98	1	0	azabicycloalkane; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-lysine derivative; monocarboxylic acid amide; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thiabicycloalkane; ureas	mouse metabolite
adriamycinol doxorubicinol : A member of the class of tetracenequinones that is the major metabolite of the anthracycline doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent effective against a broad range of malignant neoplasms. It is thought to exhibit cardiotoxic properties.	2.04	1	0	aminoglycoside; anthracycline antibiotic; aromatic ether; deoxy hexoside; p-quinones; phenols; polyol; tetracenequinones	cardiotoxic agent; drug metabolite
tetramethrin tetramethrin: structure	1.97	1	0	cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; maleimides; phthalimide insecticide	pyrethroid ester insecticide
clarithromycin Clarithromycin: A semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from ERYTHROMYCIN that is active against a variety of microorganisms. It can inhibit PROTEIN SYNTHESIS in BACTERIA by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits. This inhibits the translocation of aminoacyl transfer-RNA and prevents peptide chain elongation.. clarithromycin : The 6-O-methyl ether of erythromycin A, clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of respiratory-tract, skin and soft-tissue infections. It is also used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis.	2.05	1	0	macrolide antibiotic	antibacterial drug; environmental contaminant; protein synthesis inhibitor; xenobiotic
4-aminoquinazoline 4-aminoquinazoline: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
epidepride epidepride: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0	dimethoxybenzene
foe 5043 FOE 5043: an oxyacetamide with herbicidal activity; structure given in first source. flufenacet : An aromatic amide that is acetamide in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a propan-2-yl and 4-fluorophenyl groups while the methyl hydrogen is replaced by a [5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]oxy group.	2.01	1	0	aromatic amide; monofluorobenzenes; thiadiazoles	environmental contaminant; herbicide; xenobiotic
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	6.68	17	1	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
fibrinogen Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.. D-iditol : The D-enantiomer of iditol.	8.61	9	0	iditol	fungal metabolite
4-methoxymethamphetamine 4-methoxymethamphetamine: does not behave as a simple amphetamine-like agent; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
terreic acid terreic acid: antibiotic metabolite of mold Aspergillus terreus; RN given refers to (1R)-isomer; structure	2.1	1	0	arene epoxide; diketone; monohydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 2.3.1.* (acyltransferase transferring other than amino-acyl group) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; mycotoxin
equol Equol: A non-steroidal ESTROGEN generated when soybean products are metabolized by certain bacteria in the intestines.	2.03	1	0	hydroxyisoflavans
goethite [no description available]	2.04	1	0
inermin inermin: phytoalexin produced in plants after injection with fungi; RN given refers to (cis-(+-))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation; structure. (-)-maackiain : The (-)-enantiomer of maackiain.	4.36	7	0	maackiain
2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile): free radical initiator in liposome systems	2.4	2	0
homocysteine Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.	2.8	3	0	amino acid zwitterion; homocysteine; serine family amino acid	fundamental metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.45	2	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
acetylsalicylic acid lysinate acetylsalicylic acid lysinate: RN given refers to (L)-lysine, unspecified salicylate salt	2	1	0
8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group.	2.67	3	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound	protein kinase agonist
teflubenzuron teflubenzuron: effective against development of house fly larvae (Musca domestica). teflubenzuron : A N-acylurea that is N-carbamoyl-2,6-difluorobenzamide substituted by a 3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluorophenyl group at the terminal nitrogen atom.	1.99	1	0	dichlorobenzene; difluorobenzene; N-acylurea	environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
hexafluoron hexafluoron: insect growth regulator against mosquito larva; the active agent in Sonet, a Russian product, is hexaflumuron. hexaflumuron : An N-acylurea that is urea in which a hydrogen attached to one of the nitrogens is replaced by a 2,6-difluorobenzoyl group, while a hycrogen attached to the other nitorgen is replaced by a 3,5-dichloro-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl group.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; benzoylurea insecticide; dichlorobenzene; N-acylurea; organochlorine insecticide; organofluorine insecticide
flufenoxuron [no description available]	2	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzoylurea insecticide; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes	mite growth regulator
sarsasapogenin [no description available]	2.31	1	0	sapogenin
chalcone epoxide chalcone epoxide: activator of epoxide hydrolase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
monocerin monocerin: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	hydroxybenzoic acid	metabolite
nsc-87877 NSC-87877: potent Shp2 (nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase) inhibitor; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
lopinavir [no description available]	3.59	1	1	amphetamines; dicarboxylic acid diamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
gamma-tocopherol gamma-Tocopherol: A natural tocopherol with less antioxidant activity than ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL. It exhibits antioxidant activity by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus. As in BETA-TOCOPHEROL, it also has three methyl groups on the 6-chromanol nucleus but at different sites.. gamma-tocopherol : A tocopherol in which the chroman-6-ol core is substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8. It is found particularly in maize (corn) oil and soya bean (soybean) oils.	2.06	1	0	tocopherol; vitamin E	algal metabolite; food antioxidant; plant metabolite
alpha-eudesmol alpha-eudesmol: RN refers to (2alpha,4aalpha,8abeta)-isomer; from Juniperus virginiana; inhibits omega-agatoxin IVA-sensitive Ca2+ currents and synaptosomal Ca2+ uptake; structure in first source. alpha-eudesmol : A eudesmane sesquiterpenoid in which the eudesmane skeleton carries a hydroxy substituent at C-11 and has a double bond between C-3 and C-4.	2.07	1	0	eudesmane sesquiterpenoid; octahydronaphthalenes; tertiary alcohol	volatile oil component
glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids.	2.57	2	0
phomenone phomenone: structure	2.41	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
arabitol arabitol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. arabinitol : A pentitol that is the sugar alcohol produced by the reduction of arabinose or lyxose. It is found in serum or urine of human infected with Candida albicans.. D-arabinitol : The D-enantiomer of arabinitol.	2.21	1	0	arabinitol
pyrroline pyrroline: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for dihydro moiety. pyrroline : Any organic heteromonocyclic compound with a structure based on a dihydropyrrole.	2.08	1	0	pyrroline
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.81	3	0	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
diffractaic acid difractaic acid: from Lichen, Usnea steineri; active against Gram-positive, multidrug-resistant bacteria; structure in first source	3.43	7	0	carbonyl compound
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether [no description available]	2.17	1	0	aromatic ether; organobromine compound
hedamycin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine 2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine: behaves as a partial agonist toward both alpha1-adrenergic & 5-HT(2) serotonergic receptors. 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenethylamine : A 2-arylethylamine compound where the aryl moiety is 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl.	3.63	2	0	2-arylethylamine
2,5-dihydroxypyridine pyridine-2,5-diol : A dihydroxypyridine that is pyridine substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 5.	4.9	1	1	dihydroxypyridine	mouse metabolite
lecanoric acid lecanoric acid: from a strain of Pyricularia (deuteromycetes); RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.03	4	0	benzoate ester
4-methoxydalbergione 4-methoxydalbergione: causes dermititis; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.96	1	0
foxes Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.	1.95	1	0
syringaresinol [no description available]	2.55	2	0	aromatic ether; furofuran; lignan; polyether; polyphenol	plant metabolite
combretastatin combretastatin: cytotoxic principle from South African tree COMBRETUM caffrum; structure given in first source; acts at COLCHICINE site of TUBULIN	2.03	1	0
burchellin burchellin: isolated from Piper hancei Maxim; structure given in first source. burchellin : A neolignan with formula C20H20O5 that is isolated from Ocotea cymbarum and Piper wallichii. It is active against a variety of parasites including T. cruzi, the vector for Chagas disease.	4.91	11	0
malabaricone c malabaricone C: from maize (Myristica fragrans); structure given in first source	2.13	1	0	butanone	metabolite
loliolide loliolide: RN given refers to (6S-cis)-isomer	4.68	26	0	benzofurans	metabolite
arctiin arctiin: from fruits of Arctium lappa L; RN given refers to (3R-trans)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92	2.51	2	0	glycoside; lignan
karanjin karanjin: structure given in first source	2.74	3	0	extended flavonoid
homopterocarpin homopterocarpin: an insect antifeedant isolated from Pterocarpus marcocarpus; structure in first source	3.4	7	0	pterocarpans
benfurodil [no description available]	4.26	4	1
cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27.	3.71	10	0	cobalt group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group.	2.89	4	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound	metabolite
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	2.21	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source	3.99	14	0	polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	chelator
desethylamiodarone desethylamiodarone: metabolite of amiodarone; structure given in first source	9.79	59	2	aromatic ketone
enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond.	3.24	6	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	delta-opioid receptor agonist
u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C.	2.01	1	0	aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides	EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor
arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid: amino acid sequence of basic unit of widespread cellular recognition system	2.15	1	0	oligopeptide
1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available]	3.09	5	0
quin2 Quin2: fluorescent highly selective Ca indicator, binding Ca 1:1; structure given in first source	4.77	32	0
sr141716 [no description available]	4.92	11	0	amidopiperidine; carbohydrazide; dichlorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles	anti-obesity agent; appetite depressant; CB1 receptor antagonist
diacetyldichlorofluorescein diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein	2.08	1	0
1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group.	2.68	3	0	ether; imidazoles; monomethoxybenzene	TRP channel blocker
fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds	6.57	27	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
indolactam v indolactam V: only the (-)-isomer of indolactam V showed carcinogenic activity; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	indoles
fpl 55712 FPL 55712: inhibitor of SRS-A and LTC4 and LTD4 receptors	2.88	4	0	aromatic ketone
(3h)2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (1R-(exo,exo))-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-8-methyl-8- azabicyclo(3.2.1)octane-2-carboxylic acid, methyl ester: RN given refers to (1R-(exo,exo))-isomer	2	1	0
indo-1 indo-1: structure given in first source	5.73	16	0	indoles	fluorochrome
fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2	5.21	50	0
quin2-acetoxymethyl ester Quin2-acetoxymethyl ester: structure given in first source	3.35	7	0
u 69593 U 69593: selective ligand for opioid K-receptor. U69593 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of phenylacetic acid and the secodary amino group of (5R,7S,8S)-N-methyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-amine.	3.5	8	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine; organic heterobicyclic compound; oxaspiro compound	anti-inflammatory agent; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
3,3'-diiodothyronine 3,3'-diiodothyronine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation	1.99	1	0	3,3'-diiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite
methyllycaconitine methyllycaconitine: natural toxin from seeds of Delphinium brownii; parasympathomimetic and mild nicotine antagonist; antagonist of alpha-conotoxin-MII sensitive presynaptic nicotinic receptors; potent insecticide; RN refers to (1alpha,4(S),6beta,14alpha,16beta)-isomer	2.46	2	0
cv 3988 CV 3988: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source	4.16	5	0
bremazocine bremazocine: potent, log-acting opiate kappa-agonist & centrally acting analgesic; RN given refers to (2R)-isomer; structure given in first source	3.09	5	0
cgp 35348 CGP 35348: antagonizes both GABA-A and GABA-B receptors	2.47	2	0
cv 6209 CV 6209: platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate: for cpd without numerical locants of phosphate groups, index INOSITOL PHOSPHATES. 1D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate : A myo-inositol tetrakisphosphate having the four phosphates placed in the 1-, 3-, 4- and 5-positions.	1.97	1	0	inositol phosphate
methoctramine methoctramine: structure given in first source. methoctramine : A tetramine that is N,N'-bis(6-aminohexyl)octane-1,8-diamine where the primary amino groups both carry 2-methoxybenzyl substituents.. methoctramine tetrahydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining methoctramine with four molar equivalents of hydrochloric acid.	3.29	6	0	hydrochloride	muscarinic antagonist
pyronaridine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	aminoquinoline
1,1-dimethylheptyl-11-hydroxytetrahydrocannabinol HU 211: structure given in first source; HU 211 is active & HU 210 is inactive as canibinoids; functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker; RN given is for (6aS-trans)-isomer	2	1	0
gr 127935 GR 127935: a 5-HT 1D receptor antagonist. GR 127935 : A member of the class of benzamides obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid and the anilino group of 4-methoxy-3-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)aniline. Potent and selective 5-HT1B/1D receptor antagonist (pKi values are 8.5 for both guinea pig 5-HT1D and rat 5-HT1B receptors). Displays > 100-fold selectivity over 5HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2C receptors and other receptor types. Centrally active following oral administration.	2	1	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; benzamides; N-alkylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine
tryptoline tryptoline: neurotoxic factor that may be involved in development of Parkinson's disease; enzymatic prep from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.02	1	0	beta-carbolines
geniposide [no description available]	2.17	1	0	terpene glycoside
versicolorin c versicolorin C: RN given refers to versicolorin C (cis-(+-))-isomer; see also record for versicolorin. versicolorin B : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is 2,3,3a,12a-tetrahydroanthra[2,3-b]furo[3,2-d]furan-5,10-dione carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 4, 6 and 8.	1.99	1	0	cyclic acetal; organic heteropentacyclic compound; p-quinones; polyphenol	Aspergillus metabolite
afdx 116 otenzepad: cardioselective muscarinic receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.47	2	0	benzodiazepine
procyanidin Proanthocyanidins: Dimers and oligomers of flavan-3-ol units (CATECHIN analogs) linked mainly through C4 to C8 bonds to leucoanthocyanidins. They are structurally similar to ANTHOCYANINS but are the result of a different fork in biosynthetic pathways.	3.87	3	0	proanthocyanidin
dihydrokainate [no description available]	2	1	0	dicarboxylic acid
ecopipam ecopipam: structure given in first source	3.77	2	1	benzazepine
deguelin deguelin: a natural product from Mundulea sericea; RN refers to (7aS-cis)-isomer; structure given in first source. deguelin : A rotenone that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted by methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10, and by two methyl groups at position 3 (the 7aS,13aS-stereoisomer). It exists in abundant quantities in the bark, roots, and leaves of the Leguminosae family of plants and reported to exert anti-tumour effects in various cancers.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; diether; organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; plant metabolite
fingolimod hydrochloride Fingolimod Hydrochloride: A sphingosine-derivative and IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT that blocks the migration and homing of LYMPHOCYTES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM through its action on SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTORS. It is used in the treatment of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS.. fingolimod hydrochloride : The hydrochloride salt of 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl]-1,3-propanediol (fingolimod).	2.08	1	0	hydrochloride	immunosuppressive agent; prodrug; sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist
daidzin daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).	2.05	1	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside; hydroxyisoflavone; monosaccharide derivative	plant metabolite
triptolide [no description available]	3.54	2	0	diterpenoid; epoxide; gamma-lactam; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	antispermatogenic agent; plant metabolite
3-iodo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-n-((1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)benzamide 3-iodo-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-N-((1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)benzamide: a dopamine receptor imaging agent; RN refers to (S)-isomer; RN & structure given in first source	2	1	0
ramosetron [no description available]	2.13	1	0	indoles
1h-indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1s,2r,3s)- 1H-Indene-2-carboxylic acid, 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(2- (carboxymethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-5-propoxy-, (1S,2R,3S)-: an ET(A) and ET(B) endothelin receptor antagonist; structure in first source	1.99	1	0
r 56865 R 56865: prevents electrical & mechanical signs of ouabain intoxication in guinea pig papillary muscle	2.38	2	0
parthenolide [no description available]	1.95	1	0	germacranolide
rx 821002 2-methoxyidazoxan: 2-methoxy analog of idazoxan. 2-methoxyidazoxan : A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group.	3.8	11	0	benzodioxine; cyclic ketal; imidazolines	alpha-adrenergic antagonist
benzamil [no description available]	2.41	2	0	guanidines; pyrazines
dynorphin (1-8) dynorphin (1-8): opioid octapeptide from porcine hypothalamus; comprises the N-terminal eight residues of dynorphin	2.38	2	0
sch 28080 Sch 28080: not related structurally to other known anti-ulcer agents; inhibits histamine-stimulated gastric secretion; prevents gastric lesions induced by aspirin, indomethacin & ethanol	2.01	1	0	imidazopyridine
1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis.	7.42	51	0	2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine	antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent
4'-deoxy-4'-iododoxorubicin 4'-deoxy-4'-iododoxorubicin: lipophilic derivative of doxorubicin which differs from the parent compound in substitution of hydroxyl group on the daunosamine sugar moiety	3.1	1	0	organoiodine compound; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
octopine D-octopine : The (1R)-1-carboxyethyl derivative of L-arginine. It is a metabolite released by plant tumours.	2.01	1	0	amino acid opine; amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; D-arginine derivative; guanidines; secondary amino compound	animal metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite
zacopride [no description available]	2.42	2	0	benzamides
exp3174 losartan carboxylic acid: structure given in first source. losartan carboxylic acid : A biphenylyltetrazole that is losartan with the hydroxymethyl group at position 5 on the imidazole ring replaced with a carboxylic acid.	2.13	1	0	biphenylyltetrazole; imidazoles; organochlorine compound	metabolite
deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.	3.49	8	0
valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters.	1.95	1	0	short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	plant metabolite
u 73343 U 73343: an inactive analog of U 73122	2.01	1	0
liquiritigenin liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium. 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.. liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta.	1.98	1	0	4',7-dihydroxyflavanone	hormone agonist; plant metabolite
thromboxanes thromboxane : A class of oxygenated oxane derivatives, originally derived from prostaglandin precursors in platelets, that stimulate aggregation of platelets and constriction of blood vessels.	5.45	15	1
glutathione monoisopropyl ester glutathione monoisopropyl ester: prevents mitochondrial damage in muscle after marked depletion of glutathione	2.02	1	0
6-methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran 6-methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source	4.48	23	0
tephrosin tephrosin: RN given for (7aR-cis)-isomer; has insecticidal activity; structure in first source. tephrosin : A member of the class of rotenones that is 13,13a-dihydro-3H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyrano[2,3-h]chromen-7(7aH)-one substituted with geminal methyl groups at position 3, hydroxy group at position 7a and methoxy groups at positions 9 and 10 (the 7aR,13aR stereoisomer). It is isolated from the leaves and twigs of Antheroporum pierrei and exhibits antineoplastic and pesticidal activities.	2.04	1	0	aromatic ether; cyclic ketone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones	antineoplastic agent; metabolite; pesticide
tanshinone tanshinone: from root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; RN given refers to tanshinone I; cardioprotective agent and neuroprotective agent	7.92	54	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
1,2-dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine [no description available]	2.11	1	0
rh-0345 N-4-chlorobenzoyl-N'-benzoyl-N'-tert-butylhydrazine: structure in first source	2.71	3	0	bisacylhydrazine insecticide; monochlorobenzenes
gastrodin gastrodin: the glucoside of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (gastrodigenin); isolated from Gastrodia elata Blume;	2.06	1	0	glycoside
quadazocine quadazocine: RN given refers to (2 alpha,6 alpha,11S*)-(+-)-isomer	1.98	1	0
dihydro-dids [no description available]	1.98	1	0
3'-o-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate 3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate: purinergic receptors agonist; structure given in first source	2.11	1	0	purine ribonucleoside triphosphate
2,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran 2,5-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran: orally active & competitive receptor antagonist of platelet activating factor; structure given in first source	4.17	5	0
bn 52063 BN 52063: mixture of ginkolide A derivatives; platelet activating factor antagonist isolated from Ginkgo biloba tree	3.08	1	0
benzoperylene benzoperylene: see also record for 1,12-benzperylene	1.98	1	0
4-bromo-a-23187 4-bromo-A-23187: ionophore with enhanced calcium ion transport specificity	2.69	3	0
nitisinone [no description available]	2.21	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; cyclohexanones; mesotrione	EC 1.13.11.27 (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor
duocarmycin sa duocarmycin SA: structure similar to CC-1065 and yatakemycin, composed of a pyrrolo-indole plus an indole; isolated from Streptomyces	3.1	1	0
chymosin Chymosin: The predominant milk-clotting enzyme from the true stomach or abomasum of the suckling calf. It is secreted as an inactive precursor called prorennin and converted in the acid environment of the stomach to the active enzyme. EC 3.4.23.4.	3.1	1	0
1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1-ethanone 1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1-ethanone: from Petasites hybridus; structure in first source	3.37	6	0	benzofurans	metabolite
obacunone obacunone: from bark of Chinese plant Phellodendron amurense; shortens sleeping time induced in mice by alpha-chloralose-urethane	3.73	3	0	limonoid
cynaropicrin cynaropicrin: structure given in first source; RN given for ((3aR-(3aalpha,4alpha,6aalpha,8beta,9aalpha,9bbeta)))-isomer	2.11	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
lithospermate b lithospermate B: major biologically active component of dan shen ; improves renal failure	3.11	5	0
clofarabine [no description available]	2.03	1	0	adenosines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
hydrangenol hydrangenol: allergen; an isocoumarin. hydrangenol : A member of the class of dihydroisocoumarins that is 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8 and a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica and exhibits anti-allergic activity.	2.68	3	0	dihydroisocoumarins; phenols	anti-allergic agent; plant metabolite
matairesinol matairesinol: lignan that is a central precursor in plants in the biosynthesis of numerous lignans (coordinate with specific); RN refers to (3R-trans)-isomer. (-)-matairesinol : A lignan that is gamma-butyrolactone in which the 3 and 4 positions are substituted by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl groups (the 3R,4R-diastereomer).	2.11	1	0	gamma-lactone; lignan; polyphenol	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-asthmatic agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
7-methoxyresorufin [no description available]	2.42	2	0
phaseollidin phaseollidin: from Erythrina burana; RN refers to (6aR-cis)-isomer; structure given in first source. phaseollidin : A member of the class of pterocarpans that is (6aR,11aR)-pterocarpan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 10.	1.98	1	0	pterocarpans
gr 113808 GR 113808: structure given in first source; a 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist: GR 125487 is the HCl salt. GR 113808 : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 1-methylindole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of N-{2-[4-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}methanesulfonamide.	4.16	16	0	indolyl carboxylate ester; piperidines; sulfonamide	serotonergic antagonist
caprylates Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.	3.5	2	0	fatty acid anion 8:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine: water-soluble reagent which irreversibly reduces disulfides to thiols at room temperature & is active below neutral pH; used for quantitation of iodine and iodate. TCEP : A tertiary phosphine in which phosphane is substituted with three 2-carboxyethyl groups. It is a commonly used reducing agent.	4.94	2	1	phosphine derivative; tricarboxylic acid	reducing agent
ah 6809 6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid: structure given in UD	2.45	2	0	xanthones
k 76 carboxylic acid K 76 carboxylic acid: effective in blocking formation of chemotactic factor for tumor cells from human complement; oxidized product of sesquiterpene derivative K 76 from fungus Stachybotrys complementi; do not confuse with hydroxamic acid K-76	2.45	2	0
3-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)-1-indoleoctanoic acid [no description available]	2.39	2	0
renzapride [no description available]	4.04	4	0
lexitropsin lexitropsin: structure given in first source; information reading oligopeptide	3.52	2	0
mosapride 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-({4-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]morpholin-2-yl}methyl)benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzoic acid with the amino group of 1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)morpholin-2-yl]methanamine.	2.71	3	0	aromatic ether; benzamides; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound
rp 48740 3-(3-pyridinyl)-1H,3H-pyrrolo(1,2-c)thiazole-7-carboxamide: platelet activating factor antagonist	1.97	1	0
sb 204070a SB 204070A: structure given in first source; a selective 5-HT(4) receptor antagonist	2.41	2	0
(20s)-20-hydroxycholesterol 20-hydroxycholesterol: RN given refers to (20S)-isomer. 20-hydroxycholesterol : An oxysterol that is cholesterol substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2.25	1	0	20-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; oxysterol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
iaans [no description available]	1.97	1	0
l 648051 L 648051: antagonist of leukotriene D4 receptor; structure in first source	1.97	1	0
1,2-dioxetane [no description available]	1.98	1	0
pd 117302 PD 117302: RSD-921 is the ((+)-trans)-isomer	4.47	7	0
saclofen saclofen: GABA-A receptor antagonist	2.11	1	0	organochlorine compound
kadsurenone kadsurenone: platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist from Chinese herbal plant, haifenteng; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2s-(2alpha,3beta,3aalpha))-isomer	7.21	41	0	benzofurans
sulforhodamine 101 [no description available]	2.46	2	0	organic heteroheptacyclic compound	fluorochrome
l 651392 4-bromo-2,7-dimethoxy-3H-phenothiazin-3-one: structure given in first source	2.37	2	0
rti 121 RTI 121: structure given in first source; selectively binds to dopamine transporters	2.52	2	0
fpl 57231 FPL 57231: LTD4 receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
5-(dimethylamino)-n-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide 5-(dimethylamino)-N-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide: structure in first source; endothelin receptor antagonist	2.08	1	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
pk 14105 PK 14105: structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
pd 128042 PD 128042: structure given in first source	3.1	1	0	anilide
erythrose 4-phosphate erythrose 4-phosphate: RN given refers to (R-(R,R))-isomer. D-erythrose 4-phosphate : An erythrose phosphate that is D-erythrose carrying a phosphate group at position 4. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and Calvin cycle.	2	1	0	erythrose phosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
astragaloside a [no description available]	2.41	1	0
chaetoglobosins chaetoglobosins: like CYTOCHALASINS but with an indoyl in place of a phenyl ring at C10; chaetoglobosins A-J; metabolites of Chaetomium species; RN given refers to chaetoglobosin A; structure. chaetoglobosin A : A cytochalasan alkaloid isolated from Chaetomium globosum and Calonectria morganii.	2	1	0
benzyne benzyne: structure in first source. benzyne : 1,2-didehydrobenzene and its derivatives formed by substitution.	2.49	2	0	aryne; benzyne
phenoxy radical phenoxy radical : An organic radical generated from phenol.	3.79	10	0	organic radical
carbene carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state).	8.88	11	0	carbene; methanediyl
cyclopropene cyclopropene: structure. cyclopropene : A cycloalkene that consists of cyclopropane having a double bond in the ring. The parent of the class of cyclopropenes.	7.07	1	0	cycloalkene; cyclopropenes
peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).	2.47	2	0	nitrogen oxoacid
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	3.83	3	0	fullerene	geroprotector
imatinib mesylate imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.	2.08	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
gefitinib [no description available]	2.31	1	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; morpholines; quinazolines; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist
13-azaprostanoic acid 13-azaprostanoic acid: RN given refers to (1S-trans)-isomer	1.96	1	0
2-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate [no description available]	1.97	1	0
rhod-2 rhod-2: calcium indicator	3.56	2	0
5,5'-dimethyl-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetate 5,5'-dimethyl-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate: calcium chelator; do not confuse with calcium specific chelator (MAPTAM buffer). 5,5'-dimethyl-BAPTA : A polyamino carboxylic acid, the structure of which is that of BAPTA carrying methyl substituents at C-5 and C-5'.	2.66	3	0	polyamino carboxylic acid	chelator
nnc 711 NNC 711: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
deltorphin ii, ala(2)- deltorphin II, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors	2.69	3	0
phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide: endogenous opioid antagonist octapeptide from bovine brain	1.97	1	0
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.	2.05	1	0	L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid	antigen
nuclear yellow nuclear yellow: RN from 10th CI, Chem Subs Index; RN refers to tri-HCl	3.67	10	0
2-(2-(5-carboxy)oxazole)-5-hydroxy-6-aminobenzofuran-n,n,o-triacetic acid 2-(2-(5-carboxy)oxazole)-5-hydroxy-6-aminobenzofuran-N,N,O-triacetic acid: structure given in first source	5.69	26	0
ramatroban [no description available]	2.31	1	0	organic molecular entity
sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate: structure given on p.19451 of first source. sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate : A crown compound that is 1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecane in which the hydrogens of the amino groups at position 7 and 13 are replaced by 2-(2,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-5-methoxy-1-benzofuran-6-yl groups. It is a cell-impermeant fluorescent sodium indicator.	6.96	94	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; crown compound; tetracarboxylic acid	fluorochrome
indo-1 pentaacetoxymethyl ester Indo-1 pentaacetoxymethyl ester: calcium-specific chelating agent; calcium ion fluorescent probe	2.05	1	0
6-methoxy-n-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium 6-methoxy-N-(3-sulfopropyl)quinolinium: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
naadp nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate : A nicotinic acid dinucleotide that is NADP(+) in which the carboxamide group on the pyridine ring is replaced by a carboxy group.	2.11	1	0	nicotinic acid dinucleotide	calcium channel agonist; metabolite; signalling molecule
b 4162 B 4162: bradykinin inhibitor	1.98	1	0
sk&f 86466 benalfocin: RN & RR given from first source; RN not in Chemline 9/28/83; structure given in first source	3.26	6	0	benzazepine
gr 65630 GR 65630: serotonin receptor ligand. GR 65630 : A member of the class of methylindoles that is 1-methylindole substituted at position 3 by a 3-(4-methylimidazol-5-yl)propanoyl group.	1.98	1	0
fraxinellone fraxinellone: structure given in first source; RN given for (3R-cis)-isomer	7.14	40	0	2-benzofurans
n-methyl-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-butanamine N-methyl-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-butanamine: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer	2.11	1	0
glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol	1.97	1	0
di-n-desethylamiodarone di-N-desethylamiodarone: amiodarone metabolite in dogs; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
2-(4'-isothiocyanatobenzyl)imidazoline 2-(4'-isothiocyanatobenzyl)imidazoline: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane: structure given in first source	2.58	2	0	benzodioxoles
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptylphenyl)cyclohexan-1-ol) CP 47497: cannabimimetic agent; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	alkylbenzene; ring assembly
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene: inhibits tubulin polymerization; RN & structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
ethoxyidazoxan ethoxyidazoxan: the ethoxy derivative of idazoxan	2.02	1	0
psorospermin psorospermin: from Psorospermum febrifugum (Clusiaceae); some evidence it alkylates Gua N7 of DNA. psorospermin : An organic heterotetracyclic compound that is 1,2-dihydro-6H-furo[2,3-c]xanthene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 10, a methoxy group at position 5 nad a 2-methyloxiran-2-yl group at position 2.	2.04	1	0	epoxide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; xanthones	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
cristacarpin cristacarpin: isolated from Erythrina burana; RN given refers to (6aS-cis)-isomer; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0	pterocarpans
methotrexate [no description available]	2.68	3	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
u 66985 U 66985: structure given in first source	3.06	1	0
ono 6240 [no description available]	3.47	2	0
n-(5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl)sulfonyl)-n'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea N-(5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl)sulfonyl)-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea: a second generation diarylsulfonylurea; structure given in first source	6.69	10	1
rs 45041-190 4-chloro-2-(imidazolin-2-yl)isoindoline: a selective high-affinity radioligand for I2 imidazoline receptors; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0	isoindoles
l 656224 L 656224: structure given in first source	3.48	8	0
sri 63072 SRI 63072: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist	1.97	1	0
2'-iodospiperone 2'-iodospiperone: a dopamine D2 receptor-binding radioligand; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
clausenamide clausenamide: Chinese drug isolated from leaves of Clausena lansium (Lour) Skeels; used in treatment of viral hepatitis; structure given in first source	3.12	1	0
3-methyl-4',6-dihydroxy-3',5'-dibromoflavone 3-methyl-4',6-dihydroxy-3',5'-dibromoflavone: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
uh-ah 37 UH-AH 37: an ileal-selective muscarinic antagonist; RN from Toxlit	1.99	1	0
tamsulosin [no description available]	3.74	3	0	5-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamide	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antineoplastic agent
aq-ra 741 AQ-RA 741: tricyclic cpd; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	benzodiazepine
nnc 112 [no description available]	10.04	32	5	benzazepine
l 636499 [no description available]	1.97	1	0
7-chloro-4-nitrobenzofuran [no description available]	3.92	13	0
dau 6236 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
(endo-n-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)oct-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-3-ethyl-2-oxo-1h-benzimidazol-1-carboxamide (endo-N-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo(3.2.1)oct-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-3-ethyl-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-1-carboxamide: potent agonist at the 5-HT(4) receptor positively coupled to adenylate cyclase in brain; structure given in first source	2.05	1	0
phlorofucofuroeckol a phlorofucofuroeckol A: phlorotannin from Ecklonia kurome; structure given in first source	4.65	25	0
mag-fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester Mag-Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester: used to measure intracellular free magnesium concentration	2.41	2	0
cercosporamide cercosporamide: antineoplastic; RN refers to (S)-isomer. cercosporamide : A member of the class of dibenzofurans that is a potent broad spectrum antifungal agent isolated from the fungus Cercosporidium henningsii.	4.57	23	0	dibenzofurans; methyl ketone; monocarboxylic acid amide; polyphenol	antifungal agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; phytotoxin
n-(3-phenyl-n-propyl)-1-phenyl-2-aminopropane N-(3-phenyl-n-propyl)-1-phenyl-2-aminopropane: sigma receptor ligand	3.51	2	0
purpactin a purpactin A: from Penicillium purpurogenum; structure given in J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1991;44(2):144	2.38	2	0
2-(4-(biscarboxymethyl)amino-3-(carboxymethoxy)phenyl)-1h-indole-6-carboxylic acid 2-(4-(biscarboxymethyl)amino-3-(carboxymethoxy)phenyl)-1H-indole-6-carboxylic acid: used for measuring intracellular magnesium concentration	1.99	1	0
odapipam [no description available]	7.55	15	4
n,n-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide N,N-di-n-hexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide: binds with high affinity to glial mitochondrial diazepam binding inhibitor receptors & increases mitochondrial steroidogenesis	1.99	1	0	phenylindole
5-(2,3,5-trichlorophenyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine ethane sulfonate [no description available]	1.98	1	0
sc 51089 SC 51089: structure in first source; dinoprostone antagonist	2.03	1	0
cgs 26303 CGS 26303: a potent non-peptidic inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase capable of protecting atrial natriuretic peptide from enzymatic degradation; structure given in first source	3.12	1	0
ivabradine Ivabradine: A benzazepine derivative and selective HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS inhibitor that lowers the heart rate. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA in patients unable to take BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS, and in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.. ivabradine : A member of the class of benzazepines that is 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-2-one in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a [{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]propyl} group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure.	3.14	1	0	aromatic ether; benzazepine; carbobicyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	cardiotonic drug
ws 79089b WS 79089B: isolated from Streptosporangium roseum; FR901533 is the sodium salt; structure in first source	3.12	1	0
ge 68 GE 68: structure given in first source	2.7	3	0
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)adenosine: affinity label of the inhibitory DPNH site of bovine liver dehydrogenase; adenosylhomocysteinase antagonist; structure	2.37	2	0
carbapenems [no description available]	4.9	1	1
marsupsin marsupsin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium; RN given for (-)-isomer. marsupsin : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran-3(2H)-one, substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 6, a 4-hydroxybenzyl group at position 2 and a methoxy group at position 4. Isolated from the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium, it exhibits antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities.	2.69	3	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; polyphenol	antilipemic drug; hypoglycemic agent; metabolite
1-(2,3-bis((4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy)propyl)-1h-imidazole 1-(2,3-bis((4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy)propyl)-1H-imidazole: structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
ethylketocyclazocine Ethylketocyclazocine: A kappa opioid receptor agonist. The compound has analgesic action and shows positive inotropic effects on the electrically stimulated left atrium. It also affects various types of behavior in mammals such as locomotion, rearing, and grooming.	2.42	2	0
xylose xylopyranose: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	D-xylose
gyrophoric acid gyrophoric acid: a tridepside isolated from Parmelia nepalensis	3.43	7	0	carbonyl compound
quinone methide quinone methide: intermediate in eumelanin biosynthesis; structure given in first source. quinomethane : A methylidenecyclohexadienone, formally derived from a benzoquinone by replacement of one of the quinone oxygens by a methylidene group.	3.51	7	0	quinomethane
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	4.9	1	1	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
6,6'-bieckol 6,6'-bieckol: structure given in first source; antiplasmin antag. 6,6'-bieckol : A phlorotanin that is 1,1'-bioxanthrene substituted by 3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy groups at position 6 and 6' and hydroxy groups at positions 2, 2', 4, 4', 7, 7', 9 and 9' respectively. It is isolated from an edible marine brown alga Ecklonia cava and exhibits antioxidant activity.	2.77	3	0	aromatic ether; oxacycle; phlorotannin	anti-HIV-1 agent; metabolite; radical scavenger
2,3-diazabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-2-ene [no description available]	2.03	1	0
cyclohexadienone cyclohexadienone: structure in first source	2.97	4	0
phytol [no description available]	2.03	1	0
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	11.57	28	2	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae: The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.	2.54	2	0
eckol eckol: structure given in first source; isolated from brown alga Ecklonia kurome Okamura; inhibitor of alpha 2-antiplasmin. eckol : A phlorotannin that is oxanthrene-1,3,6,8-tetrol substituted by a 3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy moiety at position 4. Isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, it exhibits antioxidant activity.	4.16	15	0	phlorotannin	antioxidant; metabolite
phenylmorphan phenylmorphan: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (+)-isomer; see also (-)-5-m-hydroxyphenyl-2-methylmorphan (sometimes referred to as phenylmorphan)	2.02	1	0
phyllodulcin, (r)-isomer phyllodulcin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	2.68	3	0	hydroxybenzoic acid
halleridone halleridone: from Cornus Controversa, Mimulus glabratus and M. luteus; structure in first source	3.01	4	0
kinetensin kinetensin: nonapeptide with neurotensin-like immunoreactivity; isolated from pepsin-treated human plasma. kinetensin : An oligopeptide comprising of nine amino acids with sequence L-Ile-L-Ala-L-Arg-L-Arg-L-His-L-Pro-L-Tyr-L-Phe-L-Leu. It was originally isolated from pepsin-treated human plasma and shares some sequence homology with the C-terminal end of neurotensin. It is a potent histamine releaser and may serve as an inflammatory mediator.	2.05	1	0	oligopeptide	histamine releasing agent; human metabolite
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.15	1	0	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
irofulven irofulven: structure in first source	3.09	1	0	cyclohexenones
levofloxacin Levofloxacin: The L-isomer of Ofloxacin.. levofloxacin : An optically active form of ofloxacin having (S)-configuration; an inhibitor of bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase.	2.53	2	0	9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; quinolone antibiotic	antibacterial drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
2-hexadecynoic acid 2-hexadecynoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	2	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
cariporide cariporide: a selective sodium-hydrogen exchange subtype 1 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.01	1	0
4-methylthioamphetamine 4-methylthioamphetamine: structure given in first source	2.11	1	0
pumosetrag Pumosetrag: a 5-HT3 receptor agonist MKC-733 on upper gastrointestinal motility in human	2.07	1	0
rp 73401 piclamilast: an antiasthmatic agent and phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor; structure in first source. piclamilast : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of 3,5-dichloropyridin-4-amine.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; benzamides; chloropyridine; monocarboxylic acid amide	anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
menisdaurilide menisdaurilide: from Ouratea reticulata structure in first source	2.95	4	0	benzofurans
moracin c [no description available]	3.92	11	0	benzofurans
cyanopindolol [no description available]	1.96	1	0	indoles
spinosin spinosin: isolated from seeds of Ziziph spinosa; structure given in first source. spinosin : A flavone C-glycoside that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 4', a methoxy group at position 7 and a 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 6 via a C-glycosidic linkage.	2.17	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; flavone C-glycoside; monomethoxyflavone	anxiolytic drug; plant metabolite
ro 363 [no description available]	1.96	1	0
ym 09151-2 nemonapride: structure in first source; RN given refers to compound with no isomeric designation. nemonapride : A racemate composed of (2S,3S)- and (2R,3R)-enantiomers of nemonapride. Highly potent dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist; selective over D1-like receptors (Ki values are 0.1 and 740 nM for D2-like and D1-like receptors respectively). Also potent 5-HT1A receptor agonist (IC50 = 34 nM) and has affinity for sigma receptors.. (2R,3R)-nemonapride : An optically active form of nemonapride having (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.03	1	0	N-(1-benzyl-2-methylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-(methylamino)benzamide
naproxen Naproxen: An anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic and antipyretic properties. Both the acid and its sodium salt are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic or musculoskeletal disorders, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.. naproxen : A methoxynaphthalene that is 2-methoxynaphthalene substituted by a carboxy ethyl group at position 6. Naproxen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as osteoarthritis, kidney stones, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis, menstrual cramps, tendinitis, bursitis, and for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. It works by inhibiting both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes.	2.04	1	0	methoxynaphthalene; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.	7.97	26	1	oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species
lubiprostone [no description available]	7.87	10	0
atazanavir sulfate Atazanavir Sulfate: An azapeptide and HIV-PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.	3.59	1	1	organic sulfate salt
tecadenoson tecadenoson: an A1 adenosine receptor agonist	3.13	1	0
tipifarnib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound; quinolone	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.5.1.58 (protein farnesyltransferase) inhibitor
atrasentan Atrasentan: A pyrrolidine and benzodioxole derivative that acts a RECEPTOR, ENDOTHELIN A antagonist. It has therapeutic potential as an antineoplastic agent and for the treatment of DIABETIC NEPHROPATHIES.	2.02	1	0	pyrrolidines
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	7.09	25	1	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
peroxymonosulfate peroxymonosulfate: oxidizing agent in prevention of tooth discoloration; RN given refers to ion(2-)	4.9	1	1	sulfur oxide; sulfur oxoanion
miltirone miltirone: from Salvis miltiorrhiza Bunge; central benzodiazepine receptor ligand; structure given in first source	2.31	1	0	abietane diterpenoid
cryptotanshinone cryptotanshinone: from Salvia miltiorrhiza	4.22	16	0	abietane diterpenoid	anticoronaviral agent
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	3.02	4	0
carbodiimides Carbodiimides: Compounds with the general formula RN=C=NR, where R is a hydrocarbyl group.. methanediimine : A carbodiimide in which both nitrogens are unsubstituted.	2.41	2	0	carbodiimide
sulochrin [no description available]	3.84	3	0	benzophenones; carboxylic ester; phenols	metabolite
isolariciresinol isolariciresinol: RN given refers to ((1-S-(1alpha,2beta,3alpha))-isomer); structure given in first source. (+)-isolariciresinol : A lignan that is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol substituted by hydroxymethyl groups at positions 6 and 7, a methoxy group at position 3 and a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 8. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.	2.01	1	0	guaiacols; lignan; polyphenol; primary alcohol	plant metabolite
prostaglandins b Prostaglandins B: Physiologically active prostaglandins found in many tissues and organs. They are potent pressor substances and have many other physiological activities.	1.97	1	0
salvigenin salvigenin: structure. salvigenin : A trimethoxyflavone that is scutellarein in which the hydroxy groups at positions 4', 6, and 7 are replaced by methoxy groups.	2.06	1	0	monohydroxyflavone; trimethoxyflavone	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; autophagy inducer; hypoglycemic agent; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
ceanothic acid ceanothic acid: isolated from Ceanothus americanus; structure in first source	1.99	1	0
dhurrin dhurrin: cyanogenic glucoside from plant Sorghum; (R)-epimer is taxiphyllin; RN given refers to (S)-isomer; structure. (S)-4-hydroxymandelonitrile beta-D-glucoside : A beta-D-glucoside consisting of (S)-prunasin carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.	2.02	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; cyanogenic glycoside; monosaccharide derivative; nitrile
dactylarin dactylarin: isolated from Dactylaria lutea (Deuteromycetes); structure	2.65	3	0
ampelopsin ampelopsin: hepatoprotective agent; isolated from Hovenia dulcis; RN given for (2R-trans)-isomer; structure in first source. (+)-dihydromyricetin : An optically active form of dihydromyricetin having (2R,3R)-configuration.	3.6	8	0	dihydromyricetin; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
frullanolide frullanolide: allergenic; structure	1.96	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
pannarin pannarin: photoirradiation of above cpd leads to its decomposition which is reduced by oxygen. pannarin : A member of the class of depsidones that is 11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxepine substituted by methyl groups at positions 1,6 and 9, chloro group at position 2, hydroxy group at position 3, formyl group at position 4, methoxy group at position 8 and an oxo group at position 11. It is a lichen metabolite isolated from several Psoroma species.	1.99	1	0	aldehyde; aromatic ether; depsidones; organic heterotricyclic compound; organochlorine compound; phenols	antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; lichen metabolite
8-o-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester: an iridoid glucoside; from Phlomis mongolica Turcz; RN given refers to (1S-(1alpha,4aalpha,5alpha,7alpha,7aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
hydroxytriamterene sulfate ester hydroxytriamterene sulfate ester: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0
malabaricone b malabaricone B: from maize (Myristica fragrans); structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
fomannoxin fomannoxin: from Heterobasidion annosum; structure given in first source	3.27	6	0
sclareol sclareol: structure given in first source. sclareol : A labdane diterpenoid that is labd-14-ene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 8 and 13. It has been isolated from Salvia sclarea.	2	1	0	labdane diterpenoid	antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; apoptosis inducer; fragrance; plant metabolite
1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamino)propane [no description available]	2.06	1	0
5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-7-yl)-3-methyl-8-nitro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1h-3-benzazepin-7-ol [no description available]	8.95	12	4
m 16209 M 16209: structure given in first source	3.69	10	0
ici 211965 ICI 211965: structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
tanshinone ii a tashinone IIA: a cardiovascular agent with antineoplastic activity; isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza; structure in first source	3.9	11	0	abietane diterpenoid
tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylphosphonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. tetraphenylphosphonium : A polyatomic cation consisting of four phenyl groups attached to a central phosphonium.	2.03	1	0	heteroorganic entity; phosphorus molecular entity; polyatomic cation
trifluoromethionine trifluoro-L-methionine : An L-alpha-amino acid, methionine, with the S-methyl group trifluoro-substituted.	3.14	1	0	L-methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organofluorine compound
anacardic acid anacardic acid: isolated from Anacardium occidentale; monophenol monooxygenase inhibitor. anacardic acid : A hydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by a pentadecyl group at position 6. It is a major component of cashew nut shell liquid and exhibits an extensive range of bioactivities.	2.05	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybenzoic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
barbatic acid barbatic acid: structure in first source	2.79	3	0	carbonyl compound
confertin confertin: structure. confertin : A pseudoguaianolide that is decahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one substituted by an oxo group at position 5, methyl groups at positions 4a and 8 and a methylidene group at position 3. It has been isolated from the aerial parts of Inula hupehensis.	2.1	1	0	cyclic ketone; gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; pseudoguaianolide	anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite; plant metabolite
herquienone herquienone: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
boswellic acid boswellic acid: ursane type; RN given refers to (3alpha,4beta)-isomer; active principle of salai guggal; see also record for salai guggal	2.21	1	0	triterpenoid
bisdechlorogeodin bisdechlorogeodin: a fungus-derived nucleoside transport inhibitor; structure given in first source	2.91	4	0	1-benzofurans; cyclohexadiene; methyl ester; oxaspiro compound	antimicrobial agent
4-(5,6-dimethyl-2-benzofuranyl)piperidine 4-(5,6-dimethyl-2-benzofuranyl)piperidine: selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake in rat brain; NM refers to HCl; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	3.21	6	0
biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.	3.01	4	0	biotins; vitamin B7	coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	5.26	52	0	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
methyl abietate methyl abietate: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,4abeta,4balpha,10aalpha))-isomer	2.03	1	0
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofuran [no description available]	3.49	8	0
3-n-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide 3-N-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide: from seeds of Apium graveolens Linn.; RN given refers to (-)-isomer; structure given in first source	5.07	40	0
asperphenamate asperphenamate: isolated from culture filtrate & mycelium of Aspergillus flavipes ATCC 11013; structure. asperphenamate : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine with the hydroxy group of N-benzoyl-L-phenylalaninol. A metabolite found in several Pencillium and Aspergillus species, as well as in plants as a product of endophytic fungi.	2.31	1	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester; L-phenylalanine derivative	antineoplastic agent
atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.	4.79	32	0
benzofurocaine benzofurocaine: used for local & conduction anesthesia in general & microsurgical procedures; no other info available 2/13/84	3.07	5	0
perlatolinic acid perlatolinic acid: C25-H32-O7; structure in first source	2.96	4	0	carbonyl compound
phenazopyridine lapachenole: photoaffinity label	2.52	2	0	benzochromene
lignin Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.	4.98	12	0
crinipellin crinipellin: C22H28O5; crystalline antibiotic from submerged cultures of basidiomycete Crinipellis stipitaria	2	1	0
sb 203580 [no description available]	2.54	2	0	imidazoles; monofluorobenzenes; pyridines; sulfoxide	EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
inuviscolide inuviscolide: from Inula viscosa; structure in first source. inuviscolide : A sesquiterpene lactone that is decahydroazuleno[6,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5, a methyl group at position 5 and methylidene groups at positions 3 and 8 (the 3aR,4aR,5R,7aS,9aS stereoisomer). Isolated from the aerial parts of Inula hupehensis, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.	2.1	1	0	gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone; tertiary alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite
homoegonol homoegonol: has anti-asthmatic activity; structure in first source	3.36	6	0
piboserod Serotonin 5-HT4 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT4 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.	2.98	4	0
organophosphonates hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.	5.98	20	0	divalent inorganic anion; phosphite ion
f 1394 F 1394: an acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inibitor; structure given in first source	3.1	1	0
enrasentan enrasentan: decreases ischemic brain injury; an endothelin A and B receptor antagonist; structure in first source. enrasentan : A member of the class of indanes that is 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene which is substituted by a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group, carboxy group, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-4-methoxyphenyl group and a propoxy group at positions 1S, 2R, 3S and 5, respectively. It is an orally active mixed endothelin A/B receptor antagonist with a 100-fold greater affinity for the endothelin A receptor. The drug was being developed by GSK for the treatment of congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension (clinical trials discontinued).	2.69	3	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; indanes; monocarboxylic acid; monomethoxybenzene; primary alcohol	antihypertensive agent; endothelin receptor antagonist
limonin [no description available]	3.42	2	0	epoxide; furans; hexacyclic triterpenoid; lactone; limonoid; organic heterohexacyclic compound	inhibitor; metabolite; volatile oil component
lunularin lunularin: first source misnames compound; structure in first source	2	1	0	stilbenoid
medioresinol medioresinol: has both leishmanicidal and antifungal activities; isolated from Sambucus williamsii; structure in first source. (-)-medioresinol : A lignan that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl group at position 1 and a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl group at position 4. It has been isolated from the stems of Sinocalamus affinis.	2.1	1	0	dimethoxybenzene; furofuran; lignan; polyphenol	plant metabolite
rs 67333 RS 67333: 5-HT(4) receptor agonist; structure in first source	3.15	5	0	aromatic ketone
2-nitrophenyl-egta 2-nitrophenyl-EGTA: a photolabile chelator that selectively binds Ca(2+) with high affinity & releases it rapidly upon photolysis; structure given in first source; azid-1 is a caged calcium in which a fluorescent calcium indicator, fura-2, has been modified with an azide substituent on the benzofuran 3-position	1.99	1	0
scutellarin scutellarin: see scutellarein for aglycone. scutellarin : The glycosyloxyflavone which is the 7-O-glucuronide of scutellarein.	2.07	1	0	glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; proteasome inhibitor
moracin m moracin M: has been isolated from Morus alba L.; structure in first source	3.49	7	0	benzofurans
aurantiamide aurantiamide: a Src kinase ligand; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	1.99	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
chrysosplenol c chrysosplenol C: isolated from Pterocaulon sphacelatum; structure in first source. chrysosplenol C : A trimethoxyflavone that is the 3,7,3'-trimethyl ether derivative of quercetagetin.	2.02	1	0	trihydroxyflavone; trimethoxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite
mk 912 L 657743: structure given in first source	2.42	2	0
o-benzoylhydroxylamine O-benzoylhydroxylamine: oxidizing agent	2.08	1	0
isobavachin isobavachin: RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	flavanones
ro 03-7894 Ro 03-7894: structure	3.66	10	0
arnottin i arnottin I: structure in first source	2.75	3	0
etaden etaden: Russian (alkylamino derivative of adenine); stimulates protein synthesis	1.97	1	0
5-o-methyllicoricidin 5-O-methyllicoricidin: structure given in first source; a new and potent benzodiazepine-binding stimulator from glycyrrhiza uralensis. licorisoflavan A : A member of the class of hydroxyisoflavans that is the 7-O-methyl derivative of licoricidin. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antibacterial activity.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; hydroxyisoflavans; methoxyisoflavan	antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
chlorite [no description available]	1.98	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
magnesium green magnesium green: RN given for the pentapotassium salt	3.14	1	0	organic potassium salt	fluorochrome
dexefaroxan dexefaroxan: an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist	2.01	1	0
dronedarone Dronedarone: A non-iodinated derivative of amiodarone that is used for the treatment of ARRHYTHMIA.. dronedarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.	5.92	13	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
ramelteon ramelteon: melatonin MT1/MT2 receptor agonist	6.74	10	0	indanes
bifeprunox bifeprunox: an antipsychotic agent	2.04	1	0	biphenyls
darunavir Darunavir: An HIV PROTEASE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of AIDS and HIV INFECTIONS. Due to the emergence of ANTIVIRAL DRUG RESISTANCE when used alone, it is administered in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS.. darunavir : An N,N-disubstituted benzenesulfonamide bearing an unsubstituted amino group at the 4-position, used for the treatment of HIV infection. A second-generation HIV protease inhibitor, darunavir was designed to form robust interactions with the protease enzyme from many strains of HIV, including those from treatment-experienced patients with multiple resistance mutations to other protease inhibitors.	3.59	1	1	carbamate ester; furofuran; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
taspine taspine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.98	1	0
sorafenib [no description available]	4.42	3	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
succinobucol succinobucol: monosuccinic acid ester of probucol; a metabolically stable modification of probucol, an equipotent antioxidant to probucol but is pharmacologically distinct	3.12	1	0	benzoate ester; phenols
solifenacin succinate Solifenacin Succinate: A quinuclidine and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and selective M3 MUSCARINIC ANTAGONIST. It is used as a UROLOGIC AGENT in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE.	11.88	36	3	isoquinolines
beta-methyl-6-chloromelatonin [no description available]	3.16	1	0
santonin Santonin: Anthelmintic isolated from the dried unexpanded flower heads of Artemisia maritima and other species of Artemisia found principally in Russian and Chinese Turkestan and the Southern Ural region. (From Merck, 11th ed.)	2.15	1	0	botanical anti-fungal agent; santonin	plant metabolite
cholic acid Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.	2.31	1	0	12alpha-hydroxy steroid; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid; 7alpha-hydroxy steroid; bile acid; C24-steroid; trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
cortisone [no description available]	1.94	1	0	11-oxo steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.	2.44	2	0	2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
3,6-dichlorocarbazole 3,6-dichlorocarbazole: from Bavarian soil; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene 2,2-(2-chlorophenyl-4'-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene: structure given in first source; metabolite of o,p-DDD (mitotane)	2.1	1	0	diarylmethane
2-chlorobiphenyl 2-chlorobiphenyl: RN from Toxlit. 2-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.. monochlorobiphenyl : A chlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at unspecified position.. chlorobiphenyl : A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups.	2.02	1	0	monochlorobiphenyl
nogalamycin Nogalamycin: An anthrocycline from a Streptomyces nogalater variant. It is a cytolytic antineoplastic that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis by binding to DNA.. nogalamycin : An anthracycline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces nogalater. It is a DNA intercalator and exhibits anticancer properties.	1.97	1	0
pheophorbide a pheophorbide a: split product of chlorophyll obtained by saponification of pheophytin	2.06	1	0
benzarone benzarone: antihemorrhagic agent; structure	6.41	16	3	1-benzofurans
lupeol [no description available]	3.59	2	0	pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol	anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite
dunnione dunnione: RN given for (+)-isomer; an industrial fungicide; structure in first source	2.52	2	0	naphthofuran
noscapine Noscapine: A naturally occurring opium alkaloid that is a centrally acting antitussive agent.. (-)-noscapine : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline which is substituted by a 4,5-dimethoxy-3-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-1-yl group at position 1, a methylenedioxy group at positions 6-7 and a methoxy group at position 8. Obtained from plants of the Papaveraceae family, it lacks significant painkilling properties and is primarily used for its antitussive (cough-suppressing) effects.	2.53	2	0	aromatic ether; benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; cyclic acetal; isobenzofuranone; organic heterobicyclic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antitussive; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
acivicin [no description available]	1.97	1	0	isoxazoles; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	antileishmanial agent; antimetabolite; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.3.2.2 (gamma-glutamyltransferase) inhibitor; glutamine antagonist; metabolite
u-104 SLC-0111: a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.31	1	0
wortmannin [no description available]	2.45	2	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
ibogaine Ibogaine: One of several indole alkaloids extracted from Tabernanthe iboga, Baill. It has a complex pharmacological profile, and interacts with multiple systems of neurotransmission. Ibogaine has psychoactive properties and appears to modulate tolerance to opiates.. ibogaine : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is ibogamine in which the indole hydrogen para to the indole nitrogen has been replaced by a methoxy group.	2.01	1	0
menogaril Menogaril: A semisynthetic anthracycline with the amino sugar on the D ring. It displays broad-spectrum antineoplastic activity against a variety of tumors.	1.97	1	0
2-oxindole 2-oxindole: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. indolin-2-one : An indolinone carrying an oxo group at position 2.	2.99	4	0	gamma-lactam; indolinone
menthofuran menthofuran: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; derives from cyclization of pulegone. menthofuran : A monoterpenoid that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 6.	2.08	1	0	1-benzofurans; monoterpenoid	nematicide; plant metabolite
rocaglamide rocaglamide: RN refers to (1alpha,2alpha,3beta,3abeta,8bbeta)-isomer; isolated from stems of Aglaia elliptifolia; structure given in first source. rocaglamide : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8b, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 8, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at position 3a, a phenyl group at position 3 and a N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group at position 1. Isolated from Aglaia odorata and Aglaia duperreana, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	7.5	63	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; monomethoxybenzene; organic heterotricyclic compound	antileishmanial agent; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
medicarpin (-)-medicarpin : The (-)-enantiomer of medicarpin.	2.92	4	0	medicarpin	plant metabolite
sorbinil sorbinil: aldose reductase inhibitor. sorbinil : An azaspiro compound having a monofluoro-substituted chromane skeleton spiro-linked to an imidazolidinedione ring.	2.39	2	0	azaspiro compound; chromanes; imidazolidinone; organofluorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
anthricin anthricin: antitumor constituent from Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm; structure in first source. deoxypodophyllotoxin : A member of the class of furonaphthodioxoles that is (5R,5aR,8aR)-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6(5aH)-one substituted at position 5 by a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group.	2.06	1	0	furonaphthodioxole; gamma-lactone; lignan; methoxybenzenes	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
acronine Acronine: A pyrano-acridone alkaloid found in RUTACEAE plants.. acronycine : An alkaloid antineoplastic agent isolated from Acronychia baueri.	2.04	1	0	acridone derivatives; alkaloid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
adozelesin [no description available]	10.08	57	5
cercosporin cercosporin: phyytotoxin from Cercospora beticola Sacc; posses photodynamic action on mice, bacteria & plants. cercosporin : An organic heterohexacyclic compound that is perylo[1,12-def][1,3]dioxepine-6,11-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 12, by methoxy groups at positions 7 and 10, and by 2-hydroxypropyl groups at positions 8 and 9 (the R,R-stereoisomer). It is a phytotoxin which was first isolated from the pathogenic soybean fungus, Cercospora kikuchii and later found in multiple members of the genus Cercospora.	2.15	1	0
bortezomib [no description available]	2.05	1	0	amino acid amide; L-phenylalanine derivative; pyrazines	antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; protease inhibitor; proteasome inhibitor
calcein am calcein AM: a non-fluorescent compound cleaved to a fluorescent compound by non-specific intracellular esterases. calcein am : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is calcein in which all four carboxy group hydrogens have been substituted by (acetyloxy)methoxy groups and the hyrodgens of the two hydroxy groups have been substituted by acetyl groups. It is a a non-fluorescent probe cleaved to a fluorescent probe by non-specific intracellular esterases.	2.49	2	0	2-benzofurans; acetate ester; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
ritonavir Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	7.61	6	1	1,3-thiazoles; carbamate ester; carboxamide; L-valine derivative; ureas	antiviral drug; environmental contaminant; HIV protease inhibitor; xenobiotic
aglafoline aglafoline: a platelet activating factor antagonist; structure given in first source; isolated from Aglaia elliptifolia. aglafolin : A heterotricyclic compound based on a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a and methoxy groups at C-6 and C-8. A platelet aggregation inhibitor found in Aglaia elliptifolia and Aglaia odorata.	4.75	9	0	methyl ester; organic heterotricyclic compound	metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
rocaglaol rocaglaol: a cytotoxic cyclopenta(b)benzofuran from the bark of Aglaia crassinervia; structure in first source	4.7	8	0
nortrachelogenin nortrachelogenin: pharmacologically active lignan from Wikstroemia indica; RN & N1 from 9th CI; RN refers to (3S-cis)-isomer; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	lignan
diazonamide a diazonamide A: structure in first source	2.42	2	0
dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.	3.49	8	0
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.	2.03	1	0
secalonic acid secalonic acid: consists of 4 acids (A,C,D,E) differing only in their stereochemistry; RN given is for parent cpd; structure	3.61	2	0
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	2.45	2	0
lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.	2.68	3	0	inorganic chloride; lithium salt	antimanic drug; geroprotector
chalcomoracin chalcomoracin: structure in first source	3.91	11	0	benzofurans
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	5.24	12	1
n-acetylneuraminic acid N-Acetylneuraminic Acid: An N-acyl derivative of neuraminic acid. N-acetylneuraminic acid occurs in many polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids in animals and bacteria. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1518). N-acetylneuraminic acid : An N-acylneuraminic acid where the N-acyl group is specified as acetyl.	2.21	1	0	N-acetylneuraminic acids	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
fibrin Fibrin: A protein derived from FIBRINOGEN in the presence of THROMBIN, which forms part of the blood clot.	2.41	2	0	peptide
bradykinin [no description available]	4.61	27	0	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
elastin [no description available]	1.95	1	0	oligopeptide
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.4	2	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	2.13	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.71	3	0
oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour.	3.4	7	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone	oxytocic; vasodilator agent
laminaran beta-1,3-glucan: component of fungal cell walls; also used as antitumor polysaccharide; unspecified D usually means BETA-GLUCANS; beta-1,3-D-glucan is also available; glucan phosphate is also available; biosynthesis is inhibited by echinocandins (cyclic hexapeptides). laminarin : A polysaccharide composed of beta-(1->3)-linked glucose residues containing sporadic beta-(1->6)-linkages as branch points or inter-residue linkages and 2-3% D-mannitol at some reducing termini.	2.4	2	0
7-dehydrocholesterol [no description available]	2.08	1	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; cholestanoid; Delta(5),Delta(7)-sterol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid: from S. miltiorhiza Bge; dilates coronary artery; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	7.48	35	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; catechols
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin.	4.97	39	0	myo-inositol trisphosphate	mouse metabolite
ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus.	4.89	36	0	11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite
taxifolin (+)-taxifolin : A taxifolin that has (2R,3R)-configuration.	2.06	1	0	taxifolin	metabolite
nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group.	2.72	3	0	guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
eriodictyol eriodictyol: structure. eriodictyol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone that is flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.	2.13	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavanones; tetrahydroxyflavanone
arbutin hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.42	2	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
strychnine Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.. strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position.	1.99	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	9.46	32	3	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
griseofulvin Griseofulvin: An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.. griseofulvin : An oxaspiro compound produced by Penicillium griseofulvum. It is used by mouth as an antifungal drug for infections involving the scalp, hair, nails and skin that do not respond to topical treatment.	4.84	6	0	1-benzofurans; antibiotic antifungal drug; benzofuran antifungal drug; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound	antibacterial agent; Penicillium metabolite
monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle.	3.49	8	0	cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal	antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore
digitoxin Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside sometimes used in place of DIGOXIN. It has a longer half-life than digoxin; toxic effects, which are similar to those of digoxin, are longer lasting. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p665). digitoxin : A cardenolide glycoside in which the 3beta-hydroxy group of digitoxigenin carries a 2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranosyl trisaccharide chain.	2.4	2	0	cardenolide glycoside	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
saquinavir Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.	2.08	1	0	L-asparagine derivative; quinolines	antiviral drug; HIV protease inhibitor
pentazocine Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)	2.71	3	0	benzazocine
miglitol [no description available]	3.41	1	0	piperidines
linezolid [no description available]	2.08	1	0	acetamides; morpholines; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone	antibacterial drug; protein synthesis inhibitor
phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge.	2.04	1	0	homodetic cyclic peptide
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	3.36	7	0
sophoranone sophoranone: a flavonoid compound with isoprenoid side chains; extracted from a traditional Chinese medicine Shan Dou Gen, isolated from the roots of Sophora subprostrata; structure in first source. sophoranone : A dihydroxyflavanone that is (2S)-flavanone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 4' and prenyl groups at positions 3' and 5' respectively.	2.51	2	0	4'-hydroxyflavanones; dihydroxyflavanone	plant metabolite
rutaevin rutaevin: from root bark of Dictamnus daycarpus Turcz.	3.03	1	0	steroid lactone
ginsenoside rg1 [no description available]	3.71	9	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	neuroprotective agent; pro-angiogenic agent
notoginsenoside r1 notoginsenoside R1 : A ginsenoside found in Panax notoginseng that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 20 have been converted to the corresponding beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and beta-D-glucopyranoside respectively, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.87	3	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; neuroprotective agent; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
ferruginol ferruginol: structure in first source. ferruginol : An abietane diterpenoid that is abieta-8,11,13-triene substituted by a hydroxy group at positions 12.	2.08	1	0	abietane diterpenoid; carbotricyclic compound; meroterpenoid; phenols	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite; protective agent
decursin decursin: activates protein kinase C; isolated from the root of Angelica gigas; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	coumarins
davidigenin davidigenin: has antispasmodic activity; isolated from Mascarenhasia arborescens; structure in first source. davidigenin : A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is dihydrochalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2', and 4' respectively.	2.13	1	0	dihydrochalcones; polyphenol	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
pulegone pulegone: component of peppermint oil; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck. (+)-pulegone : The (5R)-enantiomer of p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one.	2.39	2	0	p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one
aucuparin aucuparin: biphenyl phytoalexin in Sorbus aucuparia cell cultures; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	biphenyls
ochratoxin a ochratoxin A: structure in first source & in Merck, 9th ed, #6549. ochratoxin A : A phenylalanine derivative resulting from the formal condensation of the amino group of L-phenylalanine with the carboxy group of (3R)-5-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-2-benzopyran-7-carboxylic acid (ochratoxin alpha). It is among the most widely occurring food-contaminating mycotoxins, produced by Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus carbonarius and Penicillium verrucosum.	2.43	2	0	isochromanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-acyl-L-phenylalanine; organochlorine compound; phenylalanine derivative	Aspergillus metabolite; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; mycotoxin; nephrotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; teratogenic agent
trifolirhizin trifolirhizin: from Sophora flavescens; has inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and melanin synthesis; structure in first source	3.96	4	0	pterocarpans
yatein yatein: isolated from Anthriscus sylvestris; structure in first source. dihydroanhydropodorhizol : A member of the class of butan-4-olides carrying 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl and (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively.	2.06	1	0	benzodioxoles; butan-4-olide; lignan; methoxybenzenes	plant metabolite
securinine securinine: a quinolizine pseudoalkaloid (not from amino acid) from Securinega suffurutiosa or Securinini nitras	2.04	1	0	indolizines
grandisin grandisin: structure given in first source; a lignan isolated from the bark of Cryptocarya crassinervia; RN given refers to ((2alpha,3beta,4alpha,5beta)-(-))-isomer	2.21	1	0	lignan
lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)	8.74	127	0
bq 123 cyclo(Trp-Asp-Pro-Val-Leu): derived from the modification of a natural lead of BE-18257B, an endothelin A receptor antagonist; has neuroprotective activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2.45	2	0	cyclic peptide
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	4.65	28	0	tripeptide
diprenorphine Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.	1.99	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
malvidin-3-glucoside malvidin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : An anthocyanin cation consisting of malvidin having a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 3-hydroxy position.	2.44	2	0	anthocyanin cation; aromatic ether; beta-D-glucoside	metabolite
lycoramine lycoramine: structure in first source	2.78	3	0	benzazepine
eplerenone Eplerenone: A spironolactone derivative and selective ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR antagonist that is used in the management of HYPERTENSION and CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE, post-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.03	1	0	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; epoxy steroid; gamma-lactone; methyl ester; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; steroid acid ester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent
ergonovine Ergonovine: An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.. ergometrine : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is lysergamide in which one of the hydrogens attached to the amide nitrogen is substituted by a 1-hydroxypropan-2-yl group (S-configuration). An ergot alkaloid that has a particularly powerful action on the uterus, its maleate (and formerly tartrate) salt is used in the active management of the third stage of labour, and to prevent or treat postpartum of postabortal haemorrhage caused by uterine atony: by maintaining uterine contraction and tone, blood vessels in the uterine wall are compressed and blood flow reduced.	1.96	1	0	ergot alkaloid; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotetracyclic compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	diagnostic agent; fungal metabolite; oxytocic; toxin
medigoxin Medigoxin: A semisynthetic digitalis glycoside with the general properties of DIGOXIN but more rapid onset of action. Its cardiotonic action is prolonged by its demethylation to DIGOXIN in the liver. It has been used in the treatment of congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).	2.65	3	0	cardenolide glycoside
ao 128 AO 128: alpha-glucosidase inhibitor; structure given in first source	3.41	1	0	organic molecular entity
darifenacin darifenacin : 2-[(3S)-1-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens at the 2-position of the ethyl group is substituted by a 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl group. It is a selective antagonist for the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions, and is used as the hydrobromide salt in the management of urinary incontinence.	18.47	142	28	1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrrolidines	antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	3.6	8	0	cyclodextrin
acetyl coenzyme a Acetyl Coenzyme A: Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent.	2.82	3	0	acyl-CoA	acyl donor; coenzyme; effector; fundamental metabolite
e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid	2.83	3	0	cinnamic acid	plant metabolite
ergosterol [no description available]	3.02	4	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols	fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.52	2	0	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.94	4	0	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	6.06	38	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
prostaglandin h2 Prostaglandin H2: A cyclic endoperoxide intermediate produced by the action of CYCLOOXYGENASE on ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is further converted by a series of specific enzymes to the series 2 prostaglandins.	2	1	0	olefinic compound; oxylipin; prostaglandins H; secondary alcohol	mouse metabolite
phosphoramidon phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure. phosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.	3.82	3	0	deoxyaldohexose phosphate; dipeptide	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor; EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	9.2	87	1	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	3.13	5	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	3.19	5	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	3.56	1	1	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
ferulic acid ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.	4.74	28	0	ferulic acids	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.	2.73	3	0	D-galactopyranuronic acid
cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca.	6.16	30	1	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
eicosapentaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid : Any straight-chain, C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid having five C=C double bonds.. all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid : An icosapentaenoic acid having five cis-double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17.	2.68	3	0	icosapentaenoic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	anticholesteremic drug; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; Daphnia galeata metabolite; fungal metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations.	3.5	8	0	butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone	calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
mycophenolic acid Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.	5.82	6	1	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	anticoronaviral agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; xenobiotic
mupirocin Mupirocin: A topically used antibiotic from a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. It has shown excellent activity against gram-positive staphylococci and streptococci. The antibiotic is used primarily for the treatment of primary and secondary skin disorders, nasal infections, and wound healing.. mupirocin : An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.	1.98	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester; epoxide; monocarboxylic acid; oxanes; secondary alcohol; triol	antibacterial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	2.07	1	0
adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group.	2.39	2	0	adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide	adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer).	2.69	3	0	prostaglandins D	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol: A synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen used in the treatment of menopausal and postmenopausal disorders. It was also used formerly as a growth promoter in animals. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), diethylstilbestrol has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed). diethylstilbestrol : An olefinic compound that is trans-hex-3-ene in which the hydrogens at positions 3 and 4 have been replaced by p-hydroxyphenyl groups.	2.34	2	0	olefinic compound; polyphenol	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; calcium channel blocker; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.1.1.146 (11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; endocrine disruptor; xenoestrogen
alitretinoin Alitretinoin: A retinoid that is used for the treatment of chronic hand ECZEMA unresponsive to topical CORTICOSTEROIDS. It is also used to treat cutaneous lesions associated with AIDS-related KAPOSI SARCOMA.	2.05	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; metabolite; retinoid X receptor agonist
roflumilast [no description available]	2.5	2	0	aromatic ether; benzamides; chloropyridine; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound	anti-asthmatic drug; phosphodiesterase IV inhibitor
imidazolidines [no description available]	4.38	6	0	azacycloalkane; imidazolidines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent
decitabine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
texas red Texas red: hydrophilic Texas red; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0	organic heteroheptacyclic compound	fluorochrome
steviol steviol: aglucon of stevioside; RN given refers to (4alpha)-isomer. steviol : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is 5beta,8alpha,9beta,10alpha-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid in which the hydrogen at position 13 has been replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.41	1	0	bridged compound; ent-kaurane diterpenoid; monocarboxylic acid; tertiary allylic alcohol; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent
iridoids Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).	5.14	2	1
dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)	2.64	3	0	actinomycin	mutagen
4'-azidocytidine 4'-azidocytidine: antiviral; structure in first source	3.13	1	0	N-glycosyl compound
gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.	3.19	5	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols	marine metabolite; plant metabolite
aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication.	2.92	4	0	tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
atranol atranol: an oak moss allergen	2.31	1	0	hydroxybenzaldehyde
melphalan Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.. melphalan : A phenylalanine derivative comprising L-phenylalanine having [bis(2-chloroethyl)amino group at the 4-position on the phenyl ring.	2.39	2	0	L-phenylalanine derivative; nitrogen mustard; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; organochlorine compound	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent
enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties.	3.59	9	0	pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion	analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.31	1	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
tenofovir tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.	5.89	3	2	nucleoside analogue; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
schizandrin schizandrin: a dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan; schizandra is the plant name	2.17	1	0
euscaphic acid euscaphic acid: isolated from medicinal plant, Euscaphis japonica Pax.; structure; RN given refers to 2alpha,3alpha-isomer. euscaphic acid : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is urs-12-en-28-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2, 3 and 19 respectively (the 2alpha,3alpha-stereoisomer). It has been isolated from the leaves of Rosa laevigata.	2.31	1	0	hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid; triol	plant metabolite
micafungin Micafungin: A cyclic lipo-hexapeptide echinocandin antifungal agent that is used for the treatment and prevention of CANDIDIASIS.. micafungin : A cyclic hexapeptide echinocandin antibiotic which exerts its effect by inhibiting the synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an integral component of the fungal cell wall. It is used as the sodium salt for the treatment of invasive candidiasis, and of aspergillosis in patients who are intolerant of other therapy.	2.03	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; echinocandin	antiinfective agent
acetylshikonin acetylshikonin: from roots of Boraginacea; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2	1	0
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.94	4	0	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
6,8-diprenylgenistein 6,8-diprenylgenistein: a lysoPAF acetyltransferase inhibitor isolated from licorice root; structure in first source. 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is genistein substituted by prenyl groups at positions 6 and 8. It has been isolated from Derris scandens and Glycyrrhiza uralensis.	2.44	2	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
licoricidin licoricidin: a lysoPAF acetyltransferase inhibitor isolated from licorice root; structure in first source. licoricidin : A member of the class of hydroxyisoflavans that is R-isoflavan with hydroxy groups at positions 7, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 5 and prenyl groups at positions 6 and 3'. Isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, it exhibits antibacterial activity.	2	1	0	aromatic ether; hydroxyisoflavans; methoxyisoflavan	antibacterial agent; plant metabolite
1-methoxyphaseollidin 1-methoxyphaseollidin: a lysoPAF acetyltransferase inhibitor isolated from licorice root; structure in first source	2	1	0	pterocarpans
cmx 001 [no description available]	3.21	1	0
pallidol pallidol: isolated from Ciccus pallida; structure in first source. pallidol : A tetracyclic stilbenoid that is a homodimer obtained by cyclodimerisation of resveratrol.	2.13	1	0	carbopolycyclic compound; polyphenol; stilbenoid	antifungal agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
kobophenol a kobophenol A: structure in first source	2.44	2	0
favipiravir favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.	3.21	1	0	hydroxypyrazine; organofluorine compound; primary carboxamide	anticoronaviral agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
n,n'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid N,N'-ethylenediamine disuccinic acid: from Actinomycetes MG417-CF17; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
licocoumarone licocoumarone: has anti-inflammatory activity; isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis; structure in first source. licocoumarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans which consists of 1-benzofuran substituted by a hydroxy group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 4, a prenyl group at position 5 and a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 2. It has been isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis.	2.59	2	0	1-benzofurans; aromatic ether; resorcinols	antibacterial agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
sodium bicarbonate Sodium Bicarbonate: A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.	2.01	1	0	one-carbon compound; organic sodium salt	antacid; food anticaking agent
ammonium acetate ammonium acetate : An ammonium salt obtained by reaction of ammonia with acetic acid. A deliquescent white crystalline solid, it has a relatively low melting point (114degreeC) for a salt. Used as a food acidity regulator, although no longer approved for this purpose in the EU.	2.1	1	0	acetate salt; ammonium salt	buffer; food acidity regulator
3-chlorocarbazole 3-chlorocarbazole: from Bavarian soil; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
tetronic acid tetronic acid: structure; in fifth source	2.05	1	0
sodium perchlorate sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions.	1.96	1	0	inorganic sodium salt
3-chlorodibenzofuran 3-chlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source	2.9	4	0
cholestane-3,5,6-triol cholestane-3,5,6-triol: structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.01	1	0
jp-1302 [no description available]	2.47	2	0
bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process.	2.37	2	0	2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound
11-mercaptoundecanoic acid [no description available]	2.03	1	0
tris(perfluorophenyl)borane tris(perfluorophenyl)borane: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
n-fluorobenzenesulfonimide N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide: structure in first source	3.25	1	0
olivetoric acid olivetoric acid: isolated from Pseudevernia furfuracea; structure in first source	3.41	1	0	carbonyl compound
carbenoxolone sodium Carbenoxolone: An agent derived from licorice root. It is used for the treatment of digestive tract ulcers, especially in the stomach. Antidiuretic side effects are frequent, but otherwise the drug is low in toxicity.	2.17	1	0	triterpenoid
pyrrolezanthine pyrrolezanthine: isolated from the stem wood of Formosan Zanthoxylum simulans; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
elaidic acid [no description available]	2.11	1	0	octadec-9-enoic acid	food component
2-hydroxycinnamic acid trans-2-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid.. 2-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring.	2.1	1	0	2-coumaric acid; phenols	antioxidant; metabolite
trans-4-coumaric acid hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.	2.74	3	0	4-coumaric acid	food component; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
geraniol [no description available]	4.9	1	1	3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol	allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
glycosides [no description available]	6.62	63	0
chalcone trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.	4.88	34	0	chalcone	EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
sinapinic acid sinapinic acid: a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption technique for protein MW determination; a constituent of propolis. trans-sinapic acid : A sinapic acid in which the double bond has trans-configuration.	2.03	1	0	sinapic acid	MALDI matrix material; plant metabolite
isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	4.56	24	0	isomethyleugenol
isosafrole isosafrole: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.96	1	0	benzodioxoles
phenyllithium phenyllithium: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
beta-ionone beta-ionone: stimulator of carotenogenesis; carotenoid inhibitor; intermediate in synthesis of Vit A; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. beta-ionone : An ionone that is but-3-en-2-one substituted by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.	2.52	2	0	ionone	antioxidant; fragrance
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	4.17	5	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	11.64	213	2	stilbene
isoliquiritigenin [no description available]	2.99	4	0	chalcones	antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; GABA modulator; geroprotector; metabolite; NMDA receptor antagonist
coumestan coumestan: structure in first source. coumestan : A member of the class of coumestans that is 6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene substituted by an oxo group at position 6.	3.59	8	0	coumestans; delta-lactone	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
curvularin curvularin: from Penicillium Baradicum Baghdadi; structure	3.27	1	0
xanthohumol xanthohumol: from hop plant, Humulus lupulus. xanthohumol : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4', a methoxy group at position 6' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from Humulus lupulus, it induces apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cells.	2.52	2	0	aromatic ether; chalcones; polyphenol	anti-HIV-1 agent; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.3.1.20 (diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor; metabolite
cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4.	2.11	1	0	olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols	antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite
malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid.	2.69	2	0	malonyl-CoAs	EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
buprenorphine Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.	6.83	3	3	morphinane alkaloid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; kappa-opioid receptor antagonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6.	4.22	18	0	vasopressin	cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen
sea 0400 SEA 0400: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups.	2.11	1	0	diphosphate ion
gw9662 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide: pretreatment of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors with GW9662 results in the irreversible loss of ligand binding	2.05	1	0	benzamides
acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal: a capase inhibitor. Ac-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-H : A tetrapeptide consisting of two L-aspartic acid residues, an L-glutamyl residue and an L-valine residue with an acetyl group at the N-terminal and with the C-terminal carboxy group reduced to an aldehyde. It is an inhibitor of caspase-3/7.	2.08	1	0	tetrapeptide	protease inhibitor
amygdalin [no description available]	2.11	1	0
methylatropine methylatropine: RN given refers to endo-(+-)-isomer; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3766	2.04	1	0
polidocanol Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group.	2	1	0	hydroxypolyether	hepatotoxic agent; nonionic surfactant; sclerotherapy agent
tropisetron Tropisetron: An indole derivative and 5-HT3 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting.. tropisetron : An indolyl carboxylate ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-3-carboxylic acid with the hydroxy group of tropine.	2.68	3	0	indolyl carboxylic acid
tram 34 TRAM 34: inhibits IKCa1; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	organochlorine compound
leuprolide Leuprolide: A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.. leuprolide : An oligopeptide comprising pyroglutamyl, histidyl, tryptophyl, seryl, tyrosyl, D-leucyl, leucyl, arginyl, and N-ethylprolinamide residues joined in sequence. It is a synthetic nonapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and is used as a subcutaneous hydrogel implant (particularly as the acetate salt) for the treatment of prostate cancer and for the suppression of gonadal sex hormone production in children with central precocious puberty.	2.1	1	0	oligopeptide	anti-estrogen; antineoplastic agent; gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist
propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.	2.37	2	0	pyrimidinethione	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist
nsc 4347 NSC 4347: structure in first source	5.97	19	0
sesquiterpenes [no description available]	7.34	57	0
chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene: A thioxanthine with effects similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics.. (Z)-chlorprothixene : A chlorprothixene in which the double bond adopts a (Z)-configuration.	1.94	1	0	chlorprothixene
etomidate Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.. etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity.	2.13	1	0	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: demethyl derivative of isorhapontigenin; structure in first source; a Syk kinase inhibitor; found in heartwood of FABACEAE; inhibitor of photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts; may be inhibitor of plant growth; RN given refers to (E)-isomer. piceatannol : A stilbenol that is trans-stilbene in which one of the phenyl groups is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 4, while the other phenyl group is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5.	5.3	9	0	catechols; polyphenol; resorcinols; stilbenol	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
bemesetron [no description available]	2.39	2	0
alpha-methyltryptophan, (l)-isomer [no description available]	1.97	1	0
cycloanthranilylproline cycloanthranilylproline: from myxomycete Fuligo candida; structure in first source	3.13	1	0	benzodiazepine
dehydrovomifoliol dehydrovomifoliol: isolated from Litsea sessilis; structure in first source. (6S)-dehydrovomifoliol : A dehydrovomifoliol that has S-configuration at the chiral centre.. dehydrovomifoliol : A fenchane monoterpenoid that is substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5, and 5, and by both a hydroxy group and a 3-oxobut-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.	2.1	1	0	dehydrovomifoliol	plant metabolite
caffeic acid trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.	4.15	15	0	caffeic acid	geroprotector; mouse metabolite
pongamol pongamol: from Pongamia pinnata fruits; structure in first source	4.49	6	0
methyl caffeate methyl caffeate: from plant Gaillardia pulchella. methyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester formed by the formal condensation of caffeic acid with methyl alcohol.	2.48	2	0	alkyl caffeate ester; methyl ester
cid755673 CID755673: a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase D; structure in first source	3.72	9	0	benzofurans
isoeugenol trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol.	2	1	0	isoeugenol	plant metabolite
cotinine Cotinine: The N-glucuronide conjugate of cotinine is a major urinary metabolite of NICOTINE. It thus serves as a biomarker of exposure to tobacco SMOKING. It has CNS stimulating properties.. (-)-cotinine : An N-alkylpyrrolidine that consists of N-methylpyrrolidinone bearing a pyridin-3-yl substituent at position C-5 (the 5S-enantiomer). It is an alkaloid commonly found in Nicotiana tabacum.	3.12	1	0	N-alkylpyrrolidine; pyridines; pyrrolidin-2-ones; pyrrolidine alkaloid	antidepressant; biomarker; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
virosecurinine virosecurinine: isomer of the securinine group of alkaloids; isolated from plant Securinega virosa	2.04	1	0
flunarizine Flunarizine: Flunarizine is a selective calcium entry blocker with calmodulin binding properties and histamine H1 blocking activity. It is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine, occlusive peripheral vascular disease, vertigo of central and peripheral origin, and as an adjuvant in the therapy of epilepsy.	2.38	2	0	diarylmethane
tetrahydropalmatine [no description available]	2.48	2	0
curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.	6.18	5	1	aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger
rhodanine 2-mercaptothiazolinone: metabolite in urine from persons exposed to CS2; structure	2.42	2	0	thiazolidinone
thiouracil Thiouracil: Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis.. thiouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the oxo group at C-2 is replaced by a thioxo group.	1.94	1	0	nucleobase analogue; thiocarbonyl compound	antithyroid drug; metabolite
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	3.38	7	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
epalrestat epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.	1.97	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; thiazolidines	EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
oxazolone Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.	2.69	3	0
drotaverin drotaverin: Hungarian drug; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.97	1	0	isoquinolines
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	3.21	5	0	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
thioguanine anhydrous Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.	2.1	1	0	2-aminopurines	anticoronaviral agent; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.	3.65	9	0	one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas	antioxidant; chromophore
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	2.77	3	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
potassium oxonate potassium oxonate: used to induce hyperuricemia in mice	2.04	1	0	organic molecular entity
digoxin Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.	7.64	48	1	cardenolide glycoside; steroid saponin	anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; epitope
selectfluor selectfluor: structure in first source	2.52	2	0
tamoxifen [no description available]	3.42	7	0	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [no description available]	2.08	1	0
nadp [no description available]	6.43	13	1
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	5.94	31	0
stattic [no description available]	2.66	2	0	1-benzothiophenes; C-nitro compound; sulfone	antineoplastic agent; radiosensitizing agent; STAT3 inhibitor
2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole 2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole: an amyloid imaging agent; structure in first source	4.18	3	1
rhyncophylline rhyncophylline: an oxindole; RN given refers to (7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer	2.1	1	0
valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains.	3.08	5	0	cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle	antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore
thiopental Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.	1.95	1	0	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
uc-781 [no description available]	2.05	1	0
8,8'-bieckol 8,8'-bieckol: structure given in first source; antiplasmin antagonist	2.59	2	0
dieckol dieckol: found in brown Eisenia and Ecklonia algae, have several pharmacologically beneficial effects such as anti-inflammation; structure in first source. dieckol : A phlorotannin isolated from a brown alga Ecklonia cava which exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticoagulant activities.	9.82	89	2	aromatic ether; oxacycle; phlorotannin	anticoagulant; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; radical scavenger
telaprevir [no description available]	2.76	3	0	cyclopentapyrrole; cyclopropanes; oligopeptide; pyrazines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; peptidomimetic
laccase Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.	3	4	0
pica Pica: The persistent eating of non-nutritive substances for a period of at least one month.	2	1	0
lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.	8.5	8	0	alkali metal atom
goitrin goitrin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. (R)-goitrin : A 5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione that has R-configuration. It is a constituent of a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Radix isatidis.	1.96	1	0	5-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione	antiviral agent; plant metabolite
cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants.	2.73	3	0	cobalt salt; inorganic chloride	allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator
nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.	2.02	1	0	nitrogen oxide
raclopride Raclopride: A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.	3.95	13	0	salicylamides
orlistat Orlistat: A lactone derivative of LEUCINE that acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor to limit the absorption of dietary fat; it is used in the management of obesity.. orlistat : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-formyl-L-leucine with the hydroxy group of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-[(2S)-2-hydroxytridecyl]oxetan-2-one. A pancreatic lipase inhibitor, it is used as an anti-obesity drug.	2.25	1	0	beta-lactone; carboxylic ester; formamides; L-leucine derivative	anti-obesity agent; bacterial metabolite; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor
carzelesin carzelesin: a cyclopropylpyrroloindole analog of U 73975; longer lasting than U 77779; structure in first source	7.79	16	4
quinine [no description available]	3.76	3	0	cinchona alkaloid	antimalarial; muscle relaxant; non-narcotic analgesic
1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester [no description available]	2.02	1	0
12-deoxyphorbol-13-isobutyrate-20-acetate 12-deoxyphorbol-13-isobutyrate-20-acetate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1aalpha,1bbeta,4abeta,7aalpha,7balpha,8alpha,9aalpha))-isomer	1.97	1	0
boc-tyr(s03)-nle-gly-trp-nle-asp-2-phenylethyl ester JMV 180: distinguishes high-affinity cholecystokinin receptors from low-affinity cholecystokinin receptors; RN given refers to (S)-isomer	1.97	1	0
deltorphin deltorphin: isolated from skin of Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has affinity to opioid receptor; note deltorphin I and deltorphin II are available, they have Ala in position 2	2	1	0	peptide
u 71184 U 71184: RN given refers to (7bR)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.39	2	0
2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene sulfonic acid [no description available]	2.31	1	0
2-chloro-n(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-n-methyluronamide 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
thioperamide thioperamide: structure given in first source; histamine H3 receptor antagonist	2.02	1	0	primary aliphatic amine
5-iodo-n-((1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofurancarboxamide 5-iodo-N-((1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofurancarboxamide: dopamine receptor imaging agent; RN and structure given in first source	6.64	20	3
s 9871 S 9871: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source	4.78	10	0
cystine [no description available]	5.17	2	1
u-50488 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer: A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21). U50488 : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation between the carboxy group of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetic acid and the secondary amino group of (1R,2R)-N-methyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclohexanamine	4	14	0	dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-alkylpyrrolidine	analgesic; antitussive; calcium channel blocker; diuretic; kappa-opioid receptor agonist
sch 23390 SCH 23390: a selective D1-receptor antagonist. SCH 23390 : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1, a methyl substituent at position 3, a chloro substituent at position 7 and a hydroxy substituent at position 8.	3.17	5	0	benzazepine
ifetroban ifetroban: thromboxane receptor antagonist; structure given in first source; a 7-oxabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane derivative	2.01	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid
slv 306 SLV 306: also an endothelin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	3.51	2	0
prucalopride prucalopride: a 5-HT4 agonist enterokinetic compound	20.9	227	71	benzamides
rasagiline [no description available]	2.52	2	0	indanes; secondary amine; terminal acetylenic compound	EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
4-(3-3,4-p-menthadien-(1,8)-yl)olivetol 4-(3-3,4-p-menthadien-(1,8)-yl)olivetol: has vasodilating activity	2.03	1	0
dasatinib N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source. dasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).	2.25	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; aminopyrimidine; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
asterric acid asterric acid: structure given in first source; inhibits the binding of endothelin-1 to the ET(A) receptor of A10 cells	2.47	2	0
tert-butoxy tert-butoxy: structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
ethylphenidate ethylphenidate: structure given in first source	7.52	2	0
2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline: structure given in first source	5.66	74	0	benzofurans
sr 144528 SR 144528: a CB2 cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure in first source. SR 144528 : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of (1S,2S,4R)-1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine. A potent and selective cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2 receptor) inverse agonist (Ki = 0.6 nM).	3.12	5	0	bridged compound; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazoles; secondary carboxamide	CB2 receptor antagonist; EC 2.3.1.26 (sterol O-acyltransferase) inhibitor
calixarenes Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.	2.44	2	0
sesamoside sesamoside: an iridoid glucoside; from Phlomis mongolica Turz; RN given refers to (1aR-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
heparin neocnidilide: isolated from the rhizomes of Ligusticum sinense	3.4	7	0	gamma-lactone
cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982	3.46	7	0
salinomycin salinomycin: from Streptomyces albus; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.05	1	0	polyketide; spiroketal	animal growth promotant; potassium ionophore
ginsenosides ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.	4.19	15	0
befol befol: a reverse inhibitor of monoaminoxidase; exhibits selective action on serotonin deamination; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0
zamifenacin zamifenacin: zamifenacin is the (R)-isomer; RN given for (+-)-isomer; structure in first source	1.99	1	0	diarylmethane
2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo(f)quinoxaline: structure given in first source; neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia; AMPA receptor antagonist	2.41	2	0	naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	3.73	10	0
gtp 14564 [no description available]	2.42	2	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.35	2	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
butin butin: isolated from seeds of Butea monosperma; structure given in first source. butin : A trihydroxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 3', 4' and 7. It is found in Acacia mearnsii, Vernonia anthelmintica and Dalbergia odorifera and has a protective affect against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.	2.57	2	0	flavanones
mtt formazan MTT formazan: a blue MEM-insoluble mitochondrial byproduct; used to determine viability of cells with active mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes	2.72	3	0
l 663536 MK-886: orally active leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor. 3-[3-(tert-butylsulfanyl)-1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-5-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid : A member of the class of indoles that is 1H-indole substituted by a isopropyl group at position 5, a tert-butylsulfanediyl group at position 3, a 4-chlorobenzyl group at position 1 and a 2-carboxy-2-methylpropyl group at position 2. It acts as an inhibitor of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.	2.39	2	0	aryl sulfide; indoles; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes	antineoplastic agent; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist
mrs 1523 2,3-diethyl-4,5-dipropyl-6-phenylpyridine-3-thiocarboxylate-5-carboxylate: adenosine A3 receptor antagonist	2.03	1	0
flavan-3-ol flavan-3-ol: structure in first source	2.25	1	0	hydroxyflavonoid
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool.	3.08	5	0	quinoxaline derivative
alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.	2.39	2	0
4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione 4-benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione: a GSK3beta inhibitor. TDZD-8 : A member of the class of thiadiazolidines that is 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione which is substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and by a benzyl group at position 4. It is a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta). An experimental compound which was being developed for the potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	2.1	1	0	benzenes; thiadiazolidine	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.	19.39	84	13
jhw 015 [no description available]	2.02	1	0	indolecarboxamide
am 281 AM 281: radioligand for cannabinoid CB1 receptors; structure in first source	3.12	1	0	pyrazoles; ring assembly
am 630 iodopravadoline: an aminoalkylindole; a competitive cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	2.42	2	0	N-acylindole
sc 560 SC560 : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole which is substituted at positions 1, 3 and 5 by 4-methoxyphenyl, trifluoromethyl and 4-chlorophenyl groups, respectively. Unlike many members of the diaryl heterocycle class of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, SC-560 is selective for COX-1.	2.44	2	0	aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; pyrazoles	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
(r,s)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-3h-benzofuran-2-one (R,S)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-3H-benzofuran-2-one: a positive allosteric modulator of GABAB receptors; structure in first source	4.1	14	0
osteoprotegerin Osteoprotegerin: A secreted member of the TNF receptor superfamily that negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis. It is a soluble decoy receptor of RANK LIGAND that inhibits both CELL DIFFERENTIATION and function of OSTEOCLASTS by inhibiting the interaction between RANK LIGAND and RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR-KAPPA B.	2.17	1	0	long-chain fatty acid
cathepsin g Cathepsin G: A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C.	1.96	1	0
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol 3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol: (-)-CP-55,940 and (+)-CP-56,667 are enantiomers; RN refers to CP-55,940	3.28	6	0	alkylbenzene; ring assembly
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor	2.11	1	0	benzamides; benzodioxoles; imidazoles; pyridines	EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
7,13-bis(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecane 7,13-bis(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecane: Potassium channel blocker; structure in first source	3.27	1	0
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	3.09	5	0	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	2.11	1	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
3-deoxyisoochracinic acid 3-deoxyisoochracinic acid: structure in first source	2.49	2	0
cgp 7930 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl)phenol: structure in first source	2.99	4	0	alkylbenzene
ex 527 6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide: structure in first source. 6-chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide : A member of the class of carbazoles that is 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole which is substituted at position 1 by an aminocarbohyl group and at position 6 by a chlorine.	2.85	3	0	carbazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide; organochlorine compound
ro 60-0175 Ro 60-0175: a 5HT 2C receptor agonist. 1-(6-chloro-5-fluoroindol-1-yl)-propan-2-amine : A member of the class of indoles that is 6-chloro-5-fluoroindole in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by a 2-aminopropyl group.	2	1	0	indoles; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; primary amino compound
nor-beta-lapachone nor-beta-lapachone: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	3.22	5	0
cinnamamide cinnamamide: structure in first source. cinnamamide : The simplest member of the class of cinnamamides that consists of acrylamide bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position.. trans-cinnamamide : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamamide.	2.17	1	0	cinnamamide
ku 55933 2-morpholin-4-yl-6-thianthren-1-yl-pyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase ATM; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
sphingosine sphing-4-enine : A sphingenine in which the C=C double bond is located at the 4-position.. sphingenine : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having (2S,3R)-configuration.. sphingoid : Sphinganine, its homologs and stereoisomers, and the hydroxy and unsaturated derivatives of these compounds.. 2-aminooctadec-4-ene-1,3-diol : A 2-aminooctadecene-1,3-diol having its double bond at position 4.	2.67	3	0	sphing-4-enine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
quercetin [no description available]	5.31	16	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
bilirubin [no description available]	4.4	4	1	biladienes; dicarboxylic acid	antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	5.12	44	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	6.43	16	1	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
bergaptol 5-hydroxyfurocoumarin : A furanocoumarin which bears a hydroxy group at position 5.	2.11	1	0	5-hydroxyfurocoumarin; psoralens
formononetin [no description available]	2.17	1	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
leukotriene a4 Leukotriene A4: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene A4 : A leukotriene that is the (5S,6S)-epoxy derivative of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid.	1.97	1	0	epoxy fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid; oxylipin; polyunsaturated fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
sterigmatocystin [no description available]	7.69	3	0	sterigmatocystins	metabolite
luteolin [no description available]	1.99	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; tetrahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; nephroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone: isolated from Astragali radix; structure in first source. calycosin : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone which is substituted by an additional hydroxy group at the 3' position and a methoxy group at the 4' position.	2.74	3	0	4'-methoxyisoflavones; 7-hydroxyisoflavones	antioxidant; metabolite
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	3.43	7	0	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes	2.38	2	0	D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol	antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
quercitrin [no description available]	2.17	1	0	alpha-L-rhamnoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antileishmanial agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.184 [carbonyl reductase (NADPH)] inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
scopoletin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	plant growth regulator; plant metabolite
vomifoliol blumenol A: a phytotoxin isolated from Oryza sativa Awaakamai; structure in first source. vomifoliol : A fenchane monoterpenoid that is 3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a hydroxy and a (1E)-3-hydroxybut-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.. (6S,9R)-vomifoliol : A (6S)-vomifoliol with a R configuration for the hydroxy group at position 9.	2.1	1	0	(6S)-vomifoliol	metabolite; phytotoxin
vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.	2.64	3	0
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	3.33	6	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry.	2.04	1	0	retinal	chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	4.33	20	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
leukotriene c4 Leukotriene C4: The conjugation product of LEUKOTRIENE A4 and glutathione. It is the major arachidonic acid metabolite in macrophages and human mast cells as well as in antigen-sensitized lung tissue. It stimulates mucus secretion in the lung, and produces contractions of nonvascular and some VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene C4 : A leukotriene that is (5S,7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-5-hydroxyicosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid in which a glutathionyl group is attached at position 6 via a sulfide linkage.	1.99	1	0	leukotriene	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thromboxane a2 Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.	6.09	47	0	epoxy monocarboxylic acid; thromboxanes A	mouse metabolite
sinapyl alcohol sinapyl alcohol: has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties; structure in first source. trans-sinapyl alcohol : Sinapyl alcohol in which the configuration of the propenyl double bond is E. It is one of the main monolignols.. sinapyl alcohol : A primary alcohol, being cinnamyl alcohol hydroxylated at C-4 and methoxylated at C-3 and -5.	2.08	1	0	sinapyl alcohol	monolignol
retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.	2.08	1	0	all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
alprostadil [no description available]	8.06	13	0	prostaglandins E	anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 5(S)-HETE : A HETE having a (5S)-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.. 5-HETE : A HETE having a 5-hydroxy group and (6E)-, (8Z)-, (11Z)- and (14Z)-double bonds.	1.99	1	0	HETE	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
stigmasterol stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.	3.95	3	0	3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols; stigmastane sterol	plant metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	5.39	4	1	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	1.99	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
leukotriene d4 Leukotriene D4: One of the biologically active principles of SRS-A. It is generated from LEUKOTRIENE C4 after partial hydrolysis of the peptide chain, i.e., cleavage of the gamma-glutamyl portion. Its biological actions include stimulation of vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle, and increases in vascular permeability. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene D4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and a L-cysteinylglycinyl group at position 6 (6R).	1.99	1	0	dipeptide; leukotriene; organic sulfide	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene e4 Leukotriene E4: A biologically active principle of SRS-A that is formed from LEUKOTRIENE D4 via a peptidase reaction that removes the glycine residue. The biological actions of LTE4 are similar to LTC4 and LTD4. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene E4 : A leukotriene that is (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5 (5S) and an L-cystein-S-yl group at position 6 (6R).	1.97	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; L-cysteine thioether; leukotriene; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary alcohol
prostaglandin b2 prostaglandin B2: RN given refers to (5Z,13E,15S)-isomer	1.97	1	0	prostaglandins B	human metabolite
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position.	4.12	16	0	prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
zeaxanthin Zeaxanthins: Carotenoids found in fruits and vegetables. Zeaxanthin accumulates in the MACULA LUTEA.	1.95	1	0	carotenol	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; cofactor
gamma-linolenic acid gamma-Linolenic Acid: An omega-6 fatty acid produced in the body as the delta 6-desaturase metabolite of linoleic acid. It is converted to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, a biosynthetic precursor of monoenoic prostaglandins such as PGE1. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). gamma-linolenic acid : A C18, omega-6 acid fatty acid comprising a linolenic acid having cis- double bonds at positions 6, 9 and 12.	2.52	2	0	linolenic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
alpha-linolenic acid linolenic acid : A two-membered subclass of octadecatrienoic acid comprising the (9Z,12Z,15Z)- and (6Z,9Z,12Z)-isomers. Linolenic acids are nutrients essential to the formation of prostaglandins and are also used in making paints and synthetic resins.. linolenate : A polyunsaturated fatty acid anion obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group of either alpha- or gamma-linolenic acid.	2.46	2	0	linolenic acid; omega-3 fatty acid	micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
harmine Harmine: Alkaloid isolated from seeds of PEGANUM HARMALA; ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. It is identical to banisterine, or telepathine, from Banisteria caapi and is one of the active ingredients of hallucinogenic drinks made in the western Amazon region from related plants. It has no therapeutic use, but (as banisterine) was hailed as a cure for postencephalitic PARKINSON DISEASE in the 1920's.. harmine : A harmala alkaloid in which the harman skeleton is methoxy-substituted at C-7.	2.91	4	0	harmala alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; metabolite
naringenin chalcone naringenin chalcone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified stereoisomer & from CA Vol 92 Form Index; RN for cpd not in Chemline 7/6/83; structure in first source. 2',4,4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2' ,4, 4', and 6' respectively.	2	1	0	chalcones; polyphenol	anti-allergic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; metabolite
genistein [no description available]	3.43	7	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
amphotericin b Amphotericin B: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.. amphotericin B : A macrolide antibiotic used to treat potentially life-threatening fungal infections.	2.93	4	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; macrolide antibiotic; polyene antibiotic	antiamoebic agent; antiprotozoal drug; bacterial metabolite
kava Kava: Dried rhizome and roots of Piper methysticum, a shrub native to Oceania and known for its anti-anxiety and sedative properties. Heavy usage results in some adverse effects. It contains ALKALOIDS; LACTONES; kawain, methysticin, mucilage, STARCH, and yangonin. Kava is also the name of the pungent beverage prepared from the plant's roots.	2.01	1	0
jasmonic acid jasmonic acid: a derivative of alpha-linolenic acid that has a role in plant response to herbivory analogous to the role of prostanoids in inflammation in mammals;. jasmonic acid : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that is (3-oxocyclopentyl)acetic acid substituted by a (2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl group at position 2 of the cyclopentane ring.	3.04	4	0	oxo monocarboxylic acid	jasmonates; plant metabolite
2-hexenal, z-isomer 2-hexenal: product of lipid peroxidation in the rat liver; a green odor chemical; do not confuse with the hexabarbital synonym, hexenal; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hexenal : A hexenal having the double bond at the 2-position.. (2E)-hexenal : A 2-hexenal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration. It occurs naturally in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and spices.	2.07	1	0	2-hexenal	antibacterial agent; flavouring agent; plant metabolite
aureusidin aureusidin: structure in first source. aureusidin : A hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 6, 3' and 4' respectively.	3.15	5	0	hydroxyaurone	plant metabolite
butein [no description available]	3.34	6	0	chalcones; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; radiosensitizing agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
fucoxanthin fucoxanthin: RN given refers to (3S,3'S,5R,5'R,6S,6'R)-isomer. fucoxanthin : An epoxycarotenol that is found in brown seaweed and which exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective properties.	3.31	1	0
hispidol hispidol : A hydroxyaurone that is aurone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 6 and 4' respectively.	2.98	3	0	hydroxyaurone	plant metabolite
isobavachalcone isobavachalcone: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source. isobavachalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'.	3.35	6	0	chalcones; polyphenol	antibacterial agent; metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
sulfuretin sulfuretin: the chalcone C ring closes into a 5 instead of the more typical 6 membered ring leaving a phenyl methane at the 2 position instead of the typical phenyl	5.05	38	0	1-benzofurans
harman harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.	2.42	2	0	harmala alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
7-hydroxycoumarin 7-oxycoumarin: derivatives have anti-oxidant properties. umbelliferone : A hydroxycoumarin that is coumarin substituted by a hydroxy group ay position 7.	2.46	2	0	hydroxycoumarin	fluorescent probe; food component; plant metabolite
oleuropein oleuropein: iridoid isolated from leaves and fruit of Olea and Ligustrum (Oleaceae). oleuropein : A secoiridoid glycoside that is the methyl ester of 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 4 by hydroxy, ethylidene, and carboxymethyl groups, respectively and in which the anomeric hydroxy group at position 2 has been converted into its beta-D-glucoside and the carboxylic acid moiety of the carboxymethyl substituent has been converted to the corresponding 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl ester (the 2S,3E,4S stereoisomer). The most important phenolic compound present in olive cultivars.	4.9	1	1	beta-D-glucoside; catechols; diester; methyl ester; pyrans; secoiridoid glycoside	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; NF-kappaB inhibitor; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
garcinol garcinol: from stem bark of Garcinia huillensis; has chemotherapeutic activity against gram-positive & gram-negative cocci, mycobacteria & fungi	2.25	1	0
zearalenone Zearalenone: (S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.. zearalenone : A macrolide comprising a fourteen-membered lactone fused to 1,3-dihydroxybenzene; a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Giberella species.	3.84	3	0	macrolide; resorcinols	fungal metabolite; mycoestrogen
amentoflavone [no description available]	2.07	1	0	biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalein [no description available]	2.48	2	0	trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	2.03	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
fisetin [no description available]	2.53	2	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; 7-hydroxyflavonol; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; metabolite; plant metabolite
hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.	3.25	1	0	beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
kuwanon g kuwanon G: a non-peptide bombesin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (1S-(1alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure given in first source. kuwanone G : A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the root barks of Morus alba and has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.	3.26	5	0	resorcinols; tetrahydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite
kuwanon h kuwanon H: a non-peptide bombesin receptor antagonist; RN refers to (1S-(1alpha,5alpha,6beta))-isomer; structure given in first source. kuwanone H : A tetrahydroxyflavone isolated from the plant species of the genus Morus.	3.12	1	0	resorcinols; tetrahydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
morin morin: a light yellowish pigment found in the wood of old fustic (Chlorophora tinctoria). morin : A pentahydroxyflavone that is 7-hydroxyflavonol bearing three additional hydroxy substituents at positions 2' 4' and 5.	4.19	4	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	angiogenesis modulating agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
morusin morusin: from Morus root bark; structure given in first source. morusin : An extended flavonoid that is flavone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5, 2' and 4', a prenyl group at position 3 and a 2,2-dimethyl pyran group across positions 7 and 8.	5.91	6	1	extended flavonoid; trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
myricetin [no description available]	2.47	2	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
orientin orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.	2.05	1	0	3'-hydroxyflavonoid; C-glycosyl compound; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
pachypodol pachypodol: new flavonoid isolated from Pachypodanthium confine; from Chinese herb Agastache folium; structure. pachypodol : A trimethoxyflavone that is quercetin in which the hydroxy groups at position 3, 7 and 3' are replaced by methoxy groups. It has been isolated from Combretum quadrangulare and Euodia elleryana.	2.02	1	0	dihydroxyflavone; trimethoxyflavone	antiemetic; plant metabolite
tricin tricin: from Spartina cynosuroides and other plants; structure	2.45	2	0	3'-methoxyflavones; dimethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite
coumestrol Coumestrol: A daidzein derivative occurring naturally in forage crops which has some estrogenic activity.. coumestrol : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan with hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9.	2.48	2	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; plant metabolite
daidzein [no description available]	3.16	5	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite
astringin astringin: structure in first source. trans-astringin : A stilbenoid that is piceatannol substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.	2.02	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; polyphenol; stilbenoid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite
trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol	2.98	4	0	stilbenoid
pterostilbene [no description available]	4.26	5	0	diether; methoxybenzenes; stilbenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; neurotransmitter; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
epsilon-viniferin epsilon-viniferin: stilbene dimer; isolated from the Oriental medicinal plant Vitis coignetiae; structure given in first source. (-)-trans-epsilon-viniferin : A stilbenoid that is the (-)-trans-stereoisomer of epsilon-viniferin, obtained by cyclodimerisation of trans-resveratrol.	8.19	73	1	1-benzofurans; polyphenol; stilbenoid	metabolite
diferulic acid diferulic acid: structure of 8-5'-diferulic acid in first source	2.41	1	0
echinacoside echinacoside: from Buddleja species; has antihepatotoxic activity	2.55	2	0	oligosaccharide
caffeic acid phenethyl ester phenethyl caffeate : An alkyl caffeate ester in which 2-phenylethyl is the alkyl component.	3.13	1	0	alkyl caffeate ester	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiviral agent; immunomodulator; metabolite; neuroprotective agent
rosmarinic acid rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.	7.84	52	1	rosmarinic acid	geroprotector; plant metabolite
salvianolic acid a salvianolic acid A: a nootropic depside from Salvia miltiorrhizia	7.49	49	0	stilbenoid
acteoside acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.	2.13	1	0	catechols; cinnamate ester; disaccharide derivative; glycoside; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antileishmanial agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
psoralidin psoralidin : A member of the class of coumestans that is coumestan substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 9 and a prenyl group at position 2 respectively.	6.89	47	0	coumestans; delta-lactone; polyphenol	estrogen receptor agonist; plant metabolite
rottlerin rottlerin: an angiogenesis inhibitor; an inhibitor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and calmodulin kinase III; RN refers to (E)-isomer; do not confuse this chalcone with an anthraquinone that is also called rottlerin (RN 481-72-1);. rottlerin : A chromenol that is 2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 7, a 3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylbenzyl group at position 6 and a (1E)-3-oxo-1-phenylprop-1-en-3-yl group at position 8. A potassium channel opener, it is isolated from Mallotus philippensis.	2.1	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzenetriol; chromenol; enone; methyl ketone	anti-allergic agent; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; K-ATP channel agonist; metabolite
ellagic acid [no description available]	2.13	1	0	catechols; cyclic ketone; lactone; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
surinamensin surinamensin: RN given for (S-(R,R-(E)))-isomer; structure in first source	2.57	2	0	phenylpropanoid
anandamide anandamide : An N-acylethanolamine 20:4 resulting from the formal condensation of carboxy group of arachidonic acid with the amino group of ethanolamine.	3.11	5	0	endocannabinoid; N-acylethanolamine 20:4	human blood serum metabolite; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent
astragalin kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.	2.17	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; kaempferol O-glucoside; monosaccharide derivative; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite; trypanocidal drug
arachidonyl dopamine arachidonyl dopamine: a ligand for the vanilloid receptor VR1	2.1	1	0	catechols; fatty amide; N-(fatty acyl)-dopamine; secondary carboxamide
kaempferol 3-o-sophoroside kaempferol 3-O-sophoroside: isolated from leaves of Cassia alata. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucoside : A sophoroside that is kaempferol attached to a beta-D-sophorosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.	2.17	1	0	sophoroside; trihydroxyflavone	plant metabolite
quercimeritrin quercimeritrin: from Rumex luminiastrum. quercetin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A quercetin O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 7 of quercetin via a beta-glycosidic linkage.	2.11	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; flavonols; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
acetylspiramycin [no description available]	2.04	1	0	acetate ester; aldehyde; disaccharide derivative; ether; macrolide; tertiary amino compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
tranilast tranilast: antiallergic drug; potent inhibitor of homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. tranilast : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl group.	1.99	1	0	amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; dimethoxybenzene; secondary carboxamide	anti-allergic agent; anti-asthmatic drug; antineoplastic agent; aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; calcium channel blocker; hepatoprotective agent; nephroprotective agent
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells.	2.38	2	0	stilbenoid
4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid 4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2	1	0	4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid
8-epi-prostaglandin f2alpha 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha: a potent preglomerular vasoconstrictor acting principally through thromboxane A2 receptor activation. 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha : An isoprostane that is prostaglandin F2alpha having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	4.09	3	1	F2-isoprostane	biomarker; bronchoconstrictor agent; vasoconstrictor agent
glyceryl 2-arachidonate glyceryl 2-arachidonate: binds to cannabinoid receptors; structure in first source. 2-arachidonoylglycerol : An endocannabinoid and an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid and glycerol.	2.05	1	0	2-acylglycerol 20:4; endocannabinoid	human metabolite
isotretinoin Isotretinoin: A topical dermatologic agent that is used in the treatment of ACNE VULGARIS and several other skin diseases. The drug has teratogenic and other adverse effects.. isotretinoin : A retinoic acid that is all-trans-retinoic acid in which the double bond which is alpha,beta- to the carboxy group is isomerised to Z configuration. A synthetic retinoid, it is used for the treatment of severe cases of acne and other skin diseases.	1.96	1	0	retinoic acid	antineoplastic agent; keratolytic drug; teratogenic agent
dothiepin hydrochloride Dothiepin: A tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action.	1.95	1	0	dothiepin
ozagrel ozagrel: RN refers to (E)-isomer	2.89	4	0	cinnamic acids
pitavastatin pitavastatin : A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is (6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)quinolin-3-yl]hept-6-enoic acid in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 5 (the 3R,5S-stereoisomer). Used as its calcium salt for treatment of hypercholesterolemia (elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood) on patients unable to sufficiently lower their cholesterol levels by diet and exercise.	3.7	1	1	cyclopropanes; dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; monofluorobenzenes; quinolines; statin (synthetic)	antioxidant
2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin f1alpha 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin F1alpha: formed from 6-keto-PGF1alpha by Mycobacterium rhodochrous; RN given refers to (1R-(1alph,2beta(1E,3S*)))-isomer; structure given in first source. 2,3-dinor-6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin F1alpha lacking two methylenes in the carboxyalkyl chain and bearing an oxo group at the 6-position.	1.96	1	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; prostanoid; secondary alcohol	metabolite
thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.	4.84	34	0	thromboxanes B	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
2,3-dinor-thromboxane b2 [no description available]	1.96	1	0	thromboxane
arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide: 5-HPETE is used inconsistently in literature as syn for cpds with various tetraene locants; RN given refers to (6,8,11,14)-isomer; RN in CA Vol 91 Form Index for (E,Z,Z,Z)-isomer: 70968-82-0; RN for (5,8,11,13)-isomer: 71133-12-5; in Merck, arachidonic acid is the (5,8,11,14)-isomer. 5-HPETE : A HPETE that consists of (6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 5.	2.39	2	0	HPETE	human xenobiotic metabolite
8-isoprostaglandin e2 8-isoprostaglandin E2: RN given refers to (5Z,8 beta,11 alpha,13E,15S)-isomer; see also 8,12-epi-prostaglandin E2 & prostaglandin E2. 8-epi-prostaglandin E2 : A prostanoid that is prostaglandin E2 having inverted stereochemistry at the 8-position.	2.05	1	0	cyclic ketone; diol; prostanoid; secondary alcohol	bronchoconstrictor agent; human metabolite; rat metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
ubiquinone 8 [no description available]	4.9	1	1	ubiquinones	biomarker
fucosterol [no description available]	3.31	1	0	steroid
codeine [no description available]	5.02	5	2	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
methyl linoleate [no description available]	2.4	2	0	fatty acid methyl ester	plant metabolite
3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5h-pyrido(4,3-b)indole 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole: structure	2.02	1	0	pyridoindole
granisetron Granisetron: A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.. granisetron : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-methyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid with the primary amino group of (3-endo)-9-methyl-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-amine. A selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, it is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to manage nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting.	3.08	5	0	aromatic amide; indazoles
hydromorphone Hydromorphone: An opioid analgesic made from MORPHINE and used mainly as an analgesic. It has a shorter duration of action than morphine.. hydromorphone : A morphinane alkaloid that is a hydrogenated ketone derivative of morphine. A semi-synthetic drug, it is a centrally acting pain medication of the opioid class.	4.31	1	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
iodopyracet Iodopyracet: An ionic monomeric contrast medium that was formerly used for a variety of diagnostic procedures. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706). diodone : A 4-pyridone in which the pyridone is iodo-substituted at C-3 and -5 and has a carboxymethyl substituent on nitrogen; used as a radiocontrast agent urography.	1.94	1	0
nalmefene nalmefene: RN given refers to 5-alpha isomer	1.98	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
nalorphine Nalorphine: A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.	2.41	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose.	5.34	18	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	2.95	4	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
oxymorphone Oxymorphone: An opioid analgesic with actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE, apart from an absence of cough suppressant activity. It is used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain, including pain in obstetrics. It may also be used as an adjunct to anesthesia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1092)	1.99	1	0	morphinane alkaloid
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	3.49	7	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
topiramate Topiramate: A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss.. topiramate : A hexose derivative that is 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-fructopyranose in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding sulfamate ester. It blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels and is used as an antiepileptic and for the prevention of migraine.	2.03	1	0	cyclic ketal; ketohexose derivative; sulfamate ester	anticonvulsant; sodium channel blocker
trospium chloride trospium chloride : An organic chloride salt of trospium. It is an antispasmodic drug used for the treatment of overactive bladder.	8.85	11	1
4-hydroxystilbene 4-hydroxystilbene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. stilben-4-ol : A phenol having the structure of stilbene with a hydroxy function at C-4 of one of the phenyl rings; the stereochemistry across the alkene bond is not specified.	2.25	1	0	stilben-4-ol
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	11.3	36	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
2-methylthio-atp 2-methylthio-ATP: purinergic receptors agonist; relaxes mammalian gut preparations; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
a 192621 A 192621: ET(B) receptor antagonist	2.41	2	0
ah 23848 AH 23848: thromboxane antagonist. AH23848 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (1R,2R,5S)- and (1S,2S,5R)-enantiomers of (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid. The hemicalcium salt is a potent, specific thromboxane receptor-blocking drug that is orally active and has a long duration of action.. (1R,2R,5S)-AH23848 : A (4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid in which the stereocentres at positions 1, 2 and 5 have R-, R- and S-configuration respectively.	2.4	2	0	(4Z)-7-{5-[([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)methoxy]-2-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxocyclopentyl}hept-4-enoic acid
anthramycin [no description available]	3.1	1	0
arachidonylcyclopropylamide arachidonylcyclopropylamide: a potent and selective agonist of neuronal cannabinoid receptor; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
beta-funaltrexamine beta-funaltrexamine: RN given refers to parent cpd(E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.69	3	0	morphinane alkaloid
(endo-n-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo-(3.2.1)oct-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-3-isopropyl-2-oxo-1h-benzimidazol-1-carboxamide (endo-N-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo-(3.2.1)oct-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-3-isopropyl-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazol-1-carboxamide: potent agonist at the 5-HT(4) receptor positively coupled to adenylate cyclase in brain; structure given in first source	2.06	1	0
istradefylline [no description available]	2.25	1	0	oxopurine
cp 99994 3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine: selective NK(1) receptor antagonist; CP-100263 is the inactive enantiomer	2.92	4	0
deamino arginine vasopressin Deamino Arginine Vasopressin: A synthetic analog of the pituitary hormone, ARGININE VASOPRESSIN. Its action is mediated by the VASOPRESSIN receptor V2. It has prolonged antidiuretic activity, but little pressor effects. It also modulates levels of circulating FACTOR VIII and VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR.	1.96	1	0	heterodetic cyclic peptide	diagnostic agent; renal agent; vasopressin receptor agonist
desoximetasone Desoximetasone: A topical anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used in DERMATOSES, skin allergies, PSORIASIS, etc.. desoximetasone : Dexamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position is substituted by hydrogen. A synthetic corticosteroid with glucocorticoid activity, it is used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic in the treatment of various skin disorders, including skin allergies and psoriasis.	3.17	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; fluorinated steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	anti-inflammatory drug; antipruritic drug
olvanil [no description available]	2	1	0	methoxybenzenes; phenols
kallidin Kallidin: A decapeptide bradykinin homolog cleaved from kininogen by kallikreins. It is a smooth-muscle stimulant and hypotensive agent that acts by vasodilatation.	1.97	1	0	peptide
iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension.	2.71	3	0	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol	platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent
preclamol preclamol: centrally acting dopamine receptor agonist with selectivity for autoreceptors	1.99	1	0
taprostene [no description available]	2.46	2	0	benzoic acids
ly 320135 LY 320135: cannabinoid receptor antagonist; structure in first source	5.43	19	0	benzofurans
lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.	1.99	1	0	1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
magnesium trisilicate magnesium trisilicate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.04	1	0
mdl 100907 Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR AGONISTS. Included under this heading are antagonists for one or more specific 5-HT2 receptor subtypes.	2.44	2	0
cytochalasin b Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.. cytochalasin B : An organic heterotricyclic compound, that is a mycotoxin which is cell permeable an an inhibitor of cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments.	3.37	7	0	cytochalasin; lactam; lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound	actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin; platelet aggregation inhibitor
ml 10302 2-piperidinoethyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
nalbuphine Nalbuphine: A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at KAPPA RECEPTORS and an antagonist or partial agonist at MU RECEPTORS.	2.91	4	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound	mu-opioid receptor antagonist; opioid analgesic
ro 41-1049 Ro 41-1049: structure given in first source	3.26	6	0
ciguatoxins Ciguatoxins: Polycyclic ethers produced by Gambierdiscus (DINOFLAGELLATES) from gambiertoxins, which are ingested by fish which in turn may be ingested by humans who are susceptible to the CIGUATERA POISONING.. ciguatoxin CTX1B : A ciguatoxin comprising a sequence of twelve trans-fused six-, seven-, eight- and nine-membered rings and a spiro-fused five-membered ring. A commonly encountered fish toxin.. ciguatoxin : Ciguatoxins are cyclic polyether toxins, derived from marine dinoflagellates, which are responsible for the symptoms of ciguatera poisoning. Ingestion of tropical and subtropical fin fish contaminated by ciguatoxins results in an illness characterised by neurological, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disorders.	2.05	1	0	ciguatoxin	metabolite
pd 123319 PD123319 : An imidazopyridine consisting of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine having 4-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbenzyl, diphenylacetyl and carboxy and groups at positions 1, 5 and 6 respectively	2.69	3	0	imidazopyridine	angiotensin receptor antagonist; endothelin receptor antagonist; vasoconstrictor agent
calyculin a calyculin A: RN given refers to (5S-(5alpha(2R(1S,3S,4S,5R,6R,7E,9E,11E,13Z),3R),7beta(E(S)),*beta,9alpha))-isomer	2.41	2	0
sq 30741 SQ 30741: antithrombotic; structure given in first source; thromboxane A2 antagonist	1.97	1	0
sb 207710 SB 207710: structure given in first source	2	1	0
sq 29548 SQ 29548: SQ-26538 is the ((1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3beta(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer; thromboxane A2 antagonist; thromboxane receptor antagonist	4.2	17	0
s 145 S 145: TXA2/PGH2 receptor antagonist; RN given refers to (+)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not available 10/88; S-1452 is the calcium hydrate form of S-145	2.44	2	0	monoterpenoid
12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid 12-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid: metabolite of arachidonic acid in blood platelet suspension; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	1.97	1	0	hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; long-chain fatty acid; trienoic fatty acid	metabolite
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl.	2.1	1	0	phosphatidylcholine(1+)
corylin corylin: from Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae), has osteoblastic proliferation stimulating activity; structure in first source	2.48	2	0
ailanthoidol ailanthoidol: from Zanthoxylum ailanthoidos; structure in first source	3.3	6	0
fumarprotocetraric acid fumarprotocetraric acid: RN given refers to (E)-isomer; structure given in first source	2.75	3	0	carbonyl compound
fustin fustin : A dihydroflavonol that is the 2,3-dihydro derivative of fisetin.. tetrahydroxyflavanone : A hydroxyflavanone with atleast four hydroxy substituents.	2.83	3	0
andrographolide [no description available]	2.41	1	0	carbobicyclic compound; gamma-lactone; labdane diterpenoid; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
isoelemicin isoelemicin: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.13	1	0	olefinic compound
kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source. kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme.	2.17	1	0	disaccharide derivative; kaempferol O-glucoside; rutinoside; trihydroxyflavone	metabolite; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
licochalcone a licochalcone A: has both anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic activities; structure given in first source; isolated from root of Glycyrrhiza inflata; RN given refers to (E)-isomer	2.15	1	0	chalcones
ligustilide ligustilide: found in Umbelliferae plants; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in first source	4.93	34	0	butenolide	metabolite
muromonab-cd3 cudraflavone B: antiproliferative from Cudrania tricuspidata. cudraflavone B : An extended flavonoid that consists of a pyranochromane skeleton that is 2H,6H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-6-one substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2, a 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl group at position 8, a hydroxy group at position 5 and a prenyl group at position 7. Isolated from Morus alba and Morus species it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.	2.1	1	0	extended flavonoid; pyranochromane; trihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; plant metabolite
neobavaisoflavone neobavaisoflavone: isolated from Psoralea corylifolia; structure in first source. neobavaisoflavone : A member of the class of 7-hydroxyisoflavones that is 7-hydroxyisoflavone with an additonal hydroxy group at position 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'. Isolated from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, it exhibits inhibitory activity against DNA polymerase and platelet aggregation.	2.8	3	0	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor
salazinic acid salazinic acid: lichen metabolite; structure in first source	3.44	7	0
rhapontigenin rhapontigenin: structure in first source	2.17	1	0	stilbenoid
baeomycesic acid baeomycesic acid: structure in first source	2.02	1	0	carbonyl compound
thunberginol a thunberginol A: isolated from Hydrangeae dulcis folium; structure given in first source	3.09	5	0
3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone: from the Sudanese medicinal plant Albizia zygia; structure in first source	2.17	1	0	flavones
diaporthin diaporthin: structure in first source	2.01	1	0
thebaine Thebaine: A drug that is derived from opium, which contains from 0.3-1.5% thebaine depending on its origin. It produces strychnine-like convulsions rather than narcosis. It may be habit-forming and is a controlled substance (opiate) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.12 (1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2	1	0	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound
fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.. fluvoxamine : An oxime O-ether that is benzene substituted by a (1E)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-methoxypentanimidoyl group at position 1 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.	4.22	5	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; 5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonin uptake inhibitor
7,8-dimethylalloxazine 7,8-dimethylalloxazine: structure. 7,8-dimethylisoalloxazine : A 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione that is isoalloxazine substituted by methyl groups at positions 7 and 8.. lumichrome : A compound showing blue fluorescence, formed by a photolysis of riboflavin in acid or neutral solution.	2.21	1	0	7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione	plant metabolite
casein kinase ii Casein Kinase II: A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.	3.23	5	0
su 11248 [no description available]	2.25	1	0	monocarboxylic acid amide; pyrroles	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunomodulator; neuroprotective agent; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
fosbretabulin fosbretabulin: a microtubule destabilizing agent isolated from Combretum caffrum; structure in first source	2.5	2	0
ergosterol-5,8-peroxide ergosterol-5,8-peroxide: also inhibits sulfatase; isolated from fungus Cercospora kikuchii; structure given in first source. ergosterol peroxide : An ergostanoid that is ergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol with a peroxy group between positions 5 and 8 (the 3beta,5alpha,8alpha,22E stereoisomer). Isolated from Ganoderma lucidum and Cordyceps sinensis, it exhibits antimycobacterial, trypanocidal and antineoplastic activities.	2.47	2	0	3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; organic peroxide; phytosterols	antimycobacterial drug; antineoplastic agent; metabolite; trypanocidal drug
lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb.	10.2	15	0	carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom	neurotoxin
butylidenephthalide butylidenephthalide: structure in first source. (Z)-3-butylidenephthalide : A gamma-lactone that is phthalide substituted by a butylidene group at position 3. Isolated from Ligusticum porteri, it exhibits hypoglycemic activity.	3.55	8	0	isobenzofuranone
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51)	2.39	2	0
13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid 13-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid: RN given refers to (E,Z)-isomer; RN for unspecified isomer not in Chemline 8/12/83. 13-HPODE : An HPODE (hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid) in which the double bonds are at positions 9 and 11 (E and Z geometry, respectively) and the hydroperoxy group is at position 13.	1.97	1	0	hydroperoxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; octadecadienoic acid
calythropsin calythropsin: structure given in first source; isolated from Calythropsis aurea	2	1	0	chalcones
5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine: structure given in first source. 1,1',3,3'-tetraethyl-5,5',6,6'-tetrachloroimidacarbocyanine : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 1,3-diethyl-5,6-dichloroindoleinine units at each end.	2.47	2	0	cyanine dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
diamide Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.	2	1	0	1,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110)	4.15	16	0
antimony Antimony: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. It is used as a metal alloy and as medicinal and poisonous salts. It is toxic and an irritant to the skin and the mucous membranes.	1.94	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen
cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency.	2.72	3	0	alkali metal atom
indoleacrylic acid indoleacrylic acid: Russian drug; natural auxin from lentil roots; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation	2.08	1	0
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	4.05	15	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
styrylquinoline styrylquinoline: structure in first source	2.01	1	0	2-styrylquinoline
rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells.	2.66	3	0	alkali metal atom
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	4.41	21	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	3.22	6	0	alkaline earth metal atom
bismuth Bismuth: A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Bi, and atomic number 83. Its principal isotope is Bismuth 209.	5.19	3	1	metal atom; pnictogen
levallorphan Levallorphan: An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683)	2.35	2	0	morphinane alkaloid
thallium Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.. thallium : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant green line in its flame spectrum (from Greek thetaalphalambdalambdaomicronsigma, a green shoot).	2.89	4	0	boron group element atom
alternariol alternariol: structure. alternariol : A benzochromenone that is 6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 7, and 9. It is the most important mycotoxin produced by the black mould Alternaria species, which are the most common mycoflora infecting small grain cereals worldwide.	3.59	2	0	benzochromenone; phenols	EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; metabolite; mycotoxin
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	10.66	18	1	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
indium Indium: A metallic element, atomic number 49, atomic weight 114.818, symbol In. It is named from its blue line in the spectrum.. indium atom : A metallic element first identified and named from the brilliant indigo (Latin indicum) blue line in its flame spectrum.	2.4	2	0	boron group element atom
calcium bromide calcium bromide: can cause skin injuries	2.03	1	0	calcium salt
naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence.	5.66	25	0	cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic
dextromethorphan Dextromethorphan: Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.. dextromethorphan : A 6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene in which the sterocenters at positions 4a, 10 and 10a have S-configuration. It is a prodrug of dextrorphan and used as an antitussive drug for suppressing cough.	5.35	2	2	6-methoxy-11-methyl-1,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2H-10,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthrene	antitussive; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; oneirogen; prodrug; xenobiotic
dextrorphan Dextrorphan: Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.	3.41	1	1	morphinane alkaloid
gallium Gallium: A rare, metallic element designated by the symbol, Ga, atomic number 31, and atomic weight 69.72.. gallium atom : A metallic element predicted as eka-aluminium by Mendeleev in 1870 and discovered by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875. Named in honour of France (Latin Gallia) and perhaps also from the Latin gallus cock, a translation of Lecoq.	4.9	1	1	boron group element atom
butorphanol Butorphanol: A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.. butorphanol : Levorphanol in which a hydrogen at position 14 of the morphinan skeleton is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl. A semi-synthetic opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic, it is used as its (S,S)-tartaric acid salt for relief or moderate to severe pain.	5.78	4	2	morphinane alkaloid	antitussive; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
methylnaltrexone methylnaltrexone: RN given refers to parent cpd(5alpha)-isomer	3.18	1	0	phenanthrenes
lisinopril Lisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.	2.05	1	0	dipeptide	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazepril benazepril: structure given in first source. benazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.	2.94	4	0	benzazepine; dicarboxylic acid monoester; ethyl ester; lactam	EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; prodrug
ridogrel [no description available]	2.4	2	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
indinavir sulfate Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.	2.01	1	0	dicarboxylic acid diamide; N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine; piperazinecarboxamide	HIV protease inhibitor
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	4.15	16	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
methoprene Methoprene: Juvenile hormone analog and insect growth regulator used to control insects by disrupting metamorphosis. Has been effective in controlling mosquito larvae.	2.02	1	0	isopropyl 11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-2,4-dienoate; isopropyl ester	juvenile hormone mimic
sorbicillin sorbicillin: RN given for (E,E)-isomer; structure in first source	2.03	1	0	phenols
diphenylhexatriene Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids.	2.66	3	0	alkatriene	fluorochrome
aldosterone dehydrodiisoeugenol: an isoeugenol dimer, inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B activation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in macrophages; structure in first source	4.39	6	0
norstictic acid norstictic acid: from Xanthoparmelia chlorochroa; structure in first source	2.77	3	0
veratrine Veratrine: A voltage-gated sodium channel activator.	2.38	2	0	alkaloid
menisdaurin menisdaurin: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
puerarin [no description available]	3.01	4	0	C-glycosyl compound; isoflavonoid
miyabenol c miyabenol C: isolated from Vitis thunbergii; structure in first source	3.35	6	0	benzofurans
enalapril Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.. enalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).	2.9	4	0	dicarboxylic acid monoester; dipeptide	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; geroprotector; prodrug
nitrofurazone Nitrofurazone: A topical anti-infective agent effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used for superficial WOUNDS AND INJURIES and skin infections. Nitrofurazone has also been administered orally in the treatment of TRYPANOSOMIASIS.. nitrofurazone : A semicarbazone resulting from the formal condensation of semicarbazide with 5-nitrofuraldehyde. A broad spectrum antibacterial drug, although with little activity against Pseudomonas species, it is used as a local application for burns, ulcers, wounds and skin infections.	2.64	3	0
scirpusin a scirpusin A: from the rhizome of Scirpus fluviatilis and Xinjiang wine grape; structure in first soource	3.01	4	0
scirpusin b scirpusin B: structure in first source	4.29	5	0
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).	2.74	3	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester	antigen; mouse metabolite
ecdysterone Ecdysterone: A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.. 20-hydroxyecdysone : An ecdysteroid that is ecdysone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 20.	2	1	0	14alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-hydroxy steroid; 22-hydroxy steroid; 25-hydroxy steroid; 2beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol; ecdysteroid; phytoecdysteroid	animal metabolite; plant metabolite
2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenyl-2,4-hexadienoic acid: metabolic product of biphenyl; from Pseudomonas putida; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid : Penta-2,4-dienoic acid in which the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by hydroxy and one of the hydrogens at position 5 is substituted by a benzoyl group. It is a metabolic product of biphenyl from Pseudomonas putida.	2.41	2	0
fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)	2.75	3	0	butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate	human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.	3.6	9	0	cysteinium	fundamental metabolite
isophthalate isophthalate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	dicarboxylic acid dianion
thyronines Thyronines: A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms.. thyronine : A tyrosine derivative where the phenolic hydrogen of tyrosine is substituted by 4-hydroxyphenyl.	1.96	1	0	thyronine
silicon Silicon: A trace element that constitutes about 27.6% of the earth's crust in the form of SILICON DIOXIDE. It does not occur free in nature. Silicon has the atomic symbol Si, atomic number 14, and atomic weight [28.084; 28.086].	2.06	1	0	carbon group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	5.86	7	1	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	10.8	6	1	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid: chromogen in glucose oxidase-peroxidase method for determining serum glucose; used in free radical scavenging assays; structure in first source	3.72	9	0
4'-chloroaurone 4'-chloroaurone: aurones from marine brown alga Spatoglossum variabile; structure in first source	2.44	2	0
bakuchiol bakuchiol: chief component of Psoralea corylifolia Linn; structure	2.8	3	0
7-epiclusianone 7-epiclusianone: from Rheedia gardneriana; structure in first source. 7-epiclusianone : An enone that is a tetraprenyl benzophenone derivative isolated from Rheedia gardneriana and Garcinia brasiliensis. It exhibits anti-allergic, antibacterial, trypanocidal and vasodilating activities.	3.41	1	0
kendomycin kendomycin: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	benzofurans
thunberginol b thunberginol B: isolated from Hydrangeae dulcis folium; structure given in first source	2.9	4	0
phytochlorin phytochlorin: RN given refers to (2S-trans)-isomer; structure given in the first source	2.31	1	0
norbinaltorphimine norbinaltorphimine: kappa opiate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source	4.19	17	0	isoquinolines
pd 144795 [no description available]	1.98	1	0
artonin e artonin E: structure given in first source; isolated from the bark of Artocarpus communis Forst.	2.06	1	0
morusinol morusinol: extracted from Morus alba inhibits arterial thrombosis and modulates platelet activation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease; structure in first source	2.1	1	0	flavones
ici 118551 ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).	1.99	1	0	aromatic ether; indanes; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
enkephalin, ala(2)-mephe(4)-gly(5)- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-: An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.	3.6	9	0
3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine 3,3'-dipropyl-2,2'-thiadicarbocyanine: potent inhibitor of endogenous respiration of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells; RN given refers to iodide; RN for parent cpd not in Chemline 10/24/83; structure	2	1	0
neuromedin c neuromedin C: decapeptide isolated from porcine spinal cord; corresponds to the C-terminal decapeptide of gastrin-releasing peptide; bombesin-like peptide; RN given refers to all (L)-isomer	3.04	1	0
alvimopan anhydrous alvimopan: mu opioid receptor antagonist; intended to treat constipation in patients taking opiates for pain	4.16	2	0	peptide
protocetraric acid protocetraric acid: from lichens Parmelia caperata, P.; structure in first source	2.83	3	0	carbonyl compound
udp-n-acetylmuramylalanine UDP-N-acetylmuramylalanine: important in peptidoglycan synthesis; used for incorporation of D-glutamic acid into peptidoglycan	2.02	1	0
naltrindole naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist	2.69	3	0	isoquinolines
guanabenz Guanabenz: An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.	1.99	1	0	dichlorobenzene
epicinchonine epicinchonine: structure in first source. cinchonine : Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (S configuration). It occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis.	2.41	1	0	cinchona alkaloid
resiniferatoxin resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).	2.44	2	0	carboxylic ester; diterpenoid; enone; monomethoxybenzene; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ortho ester; phenols; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	analgesic; neurotoxin; plant metabolite; TRPV1 agonist
abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold.	2.13	1	0	2-trans-abscisic acid
3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd. dilC18(3)(1+) : The cationic form of a C3 cyanine dye having 3,3-dimethyl-1-octadecylindoleinine units at each end.	2	1	0	Cy5 dye; indolium ion	fluorochrome
true blue true blue: RN given refers to parent cpd	8.74	143	1
carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials.	3.29	6	0	cyanine dye; organic iodide salt	fluorochrome
ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils.	3.33	6	0	ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt	fertilizer
ajmaline Ajmaline: An alkaloid found in the root of RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA, among other plant sources. It is a class 1-A antiarrhythmic agent that apparently acts by changing the shape and threshold of cardiac action potentials.. ajmaline : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that consists of ajmalan substituted at positions 17 and 21 by hydroxy groups.	4.56	8	0
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport.	2.38	2	0
eupomatenoid 6 eupomatenoid 6: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source. rataniaphenol II : A member of the class of benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 3 and a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 5. It is a lignan derivative isolated from the roots of Krameria lappacea.	8.43	7	0	benzofurans; phenols	anti-inflammatory agent; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
am-356 methanandamide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (all-Z)-(+-)-isomer	2.7	3	0	fatty amide
22,23-dihydroavermectin b(1)a 22,23-dihydroavermectin B(1)a: C48H74O14; major component of IVERMECTIN; MW 875.093; structure given in first source. 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a : A macrocyclic lactone that is avermectin B1a in which the double bond present in the spirocyclic ring system has been reduced to a single bond. It is the major component of ivermectin.	1.98	1	0	macrocyclic lactone; spiroketal
coomassie brilliant blue [no description available]	1.97	1	0
tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.	4.73	30	0	azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid	animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
tellurium Tellurium: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Te, atomic number 52, and atomic weight 127.60. It has been used as a coloring agent and in the manufacture of electrical equipment. Exposure may cause nausea, vomiting, and CNS depression.	1.94	1	0	chalcogen; metalloid atom
allylsilane allylsilane: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	1.94	1	0
clovoxamine [no description available]	1.96	1	0	5-methoxyvalerophenone O-(2-aminoethyl)oxime; monochlorobenzenes	antidepressant
whewellite whewellite: calcium oxalate mineral	2.07	1	0
dimethyloxosulfonium methylide dimethyloxosulfonium methylide: structure in first source	2.07	1	0
raubasine raubasine: RN given refers to (19alpha)-isomer; structure	2.1	1	0	yohimban alkaloid
dizocilpine maleate Dizocilpine Maleate: A potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) used mainly as a research tool. The drug has been considered for the wide variety of neurodegenerative conditions or disorders in which NMDA receptors may play an important role. Its use has been primarily limited to animal and tissue experiments because of its psychotropic effects.. dizocilpine maleate : A maleate salt obtained by reaction of dizocilpine with one equivalent of maleic acid.	6.79	19	1	maleate salt; tetracyclic antidepressant	anaesthetic; anticonvulsant; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist
antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison.	2.67	3	0	amidobenzoic acid
ciproxifan [no description available]	2.44	2	0	aromatic ketone
cyclopaldic acid cyclopaldic acid: from Aspergillus duricaulis	3.63	9	0
dichlorocarbene [no description available]	2.05	1	0	carbene
dihydroactinidiolide dihydroactinidiolide: secretion in tail scent gland of red fox; structure	3.56	8	0
imidafenacin imidafenacin: structure in first source	4.39	3	0	diarylmethane
citreoviridin citreoviridin: formed from Penicillium toxicarium, Penicillium citeoviride; Penicillium ochrosalmoneum on rice during storage	2.31	1	0	2-pyranones
l 687781 L 687781: natural product that is a member of the papulacandin family; a 1,3-beta-glucan synthesis inhibitor; used in treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; structure given in first source	1.98	1	0
bafilomycin a1 bafilomycin A1: from Streptomyces griseus; structure given in first source. bafilomycin A1 : The most used of the bafilomycins, a family of toxic macrolide antibiotics derived from Streptomyces griseus.	2.44	2	0	cyclic hemiketal; macrolide antibiotic; oxanes	apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; bacterial metabolite; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.14 (H(+)-transporting two-sector ATPase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; fungicide; potassium ionophore; toxin
falcarindiol falcarindiol: from leaves of Schefflera digitata (Araliaceae) and in carrots; inhibits germination of spores of most common dermatophyte fungi	2.75	3	0	organic molecular entity	metabolite
carboprostacyclin carboprostacyclin: potent stable prostacyclin analog which inhibits platelet aggretation; do not confuse with carboprost (15-methyl-PGF2alpha); RN given refers to (3aS-(2Z,3aalpha,4alpha(1E,R*),5beta,6aalpha))-isomer; structure given in first source	2.42	2	0	prostanoid
1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol [no description available]	1.97	1	0	1,2-diglyceride
15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; (S-(E,Z,Z,Z))-isomer caused dose-dependent constriction of cat coronary arteries; structure in first source. 15-HPETE : A HPETE that consists of (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-icosatetraenoic acid in which the hydroperoxy group is located at position 15.	1.97	1	0	HPETE	human xenobiotic metabolite
ly 53857 LY 53857: RN given refers to maleate[1:1](8beta)-isomer	2	1	0
2-methyl-3-(4-(3-pyridinylmethyl)phenyl)-2-propenoic acid 2-methyl-3-(4-(3-pyridinylmethyl)phenyl)-2-propenoic acid: RN refers to (E)-isomer	2.37	2	0
bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol bis(1,3-dibutylbarbiturate)trimethine oxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials	1.99	1	0
bwa 4c [no description available]	1.98	1	0
1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoylphosphatidylcholine [no description available]	2.01	1	0
fura red fura red: structure given in first source; used as an intracellular calcium indicator. fura red : A 1-benzofuran substituted at position 2 by a (5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl group, and at C-5 and C-6 by heavily substituted oxygen and nitrogen functionalities respectively.	7.76	56	0
ici 192605 ICI 192605: structure given in first source; thromboxane receptor antagonist	2.13	1	0
2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-o-glucopyranoside 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-glucopyranoside: isolated from dried root tubers of Polygonum multiflorum; structure in first source	1.98	1	0
plicatin b acrylate plicatin B acrylate: isolated from the medicinal plants Psoralea juncaea and P. plicata; structure given in first source	2	1	0
l 651896 L 651896: structure given in first source	3.58	9	0
ciprostene ciprostene: structure given in first source	3.29	2	0	prostanoid
thunberginol f thunberginol F: isolated from Hydrangeae dulcis folium; structure given in first source. thunberginol F : An isobenzofuranone that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one substituted by a hydroxy group at position 7 and a 3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene group at position 3. It has been isolated from the roots of Scorzonera judaica.	2.9	4	0	catechols; gamma-lactone; isobenzofuranone	metabolite; plant metabolite
caftaric acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	hydroxycinnamic acid
bacteriochlorophylls Bacteriochlorophylls: Pyrrole containing pigments found in photosynthetic bacteria.	2.01	1	0
acuminatin acuminatin: from Epimedium acuminatum; Chemline give RN 41744-39-2 for acuminatin, but the compound has a different structure than the one given in journal. acuminatin : A neolignan that is 5-[(1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl]-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran carrying additional 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl, methyl and methoxy substituents at positions 2, 3 and 7 respectively.	2.13	1	0	1-benzofurans; dimethoxybenzene; neolignan; olefinic compound; ring assembly	fungal metabolite; plant metabolite
licarin b licarin B: neolignan; RN given for (2S-(2alpha,3beta,5(E)))-isomer; isolated from seeds of Myristica fragrans; structure in first source	2.97	4	0
strobilurin g strobilurin G: from Bolinea lutea; structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
coniferyl ferulate coniferyl ferulate: found in the rhizome of Cnidium officinale Makino; structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	3.06	4	0
sq 26536 SQ 26536: SQ 26,538 is the 15-epimer of SQ 26,536; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (1S-(1alpha,2alpha(Z)(1E,3R*),4alpha))-isomer	1.97	1	0
everolimus [no description available]	5.91	2	2	cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
riligustilide riligustilide: isolated from Angelica sinensis; structure in first source	4.65	7	0
hydroxysafflor yellow a hydroxysafflor yellow A: from Carthamus tinctorius; structure given in first source. hydroxysafflor yellow A : A C-glycosyl compound that is 3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one which is substituted by beta-D-glucosyl groups at positions 2 and 4, and by a p-hydroxycinnamoyl group at position 6. It is the main bioactive compound of a traditional Chinese medicine obtained from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius).	3.36	6	0
eupomatenoid 5 eupomatenoid 5: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source	3.94	12	0
axitinib [no description available]	2.15	1	0	aryl sulfide; benzamides; indazoles; pyridines	antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
bavachalcone bavachalcone: structure in first source	2.52	2	0	chalcones
salvianolic acid B salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza	13.84	579	2	1-benzofurans; catechols; dicarboxylic acid; enoate ester; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
oxepins Oxepins: Compounds based on a 7-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered a medium ring ether. A natural source is the MONTANOA plant genus. Some dibenzo-dioxepins, called depsidones, are found in GARCINIA plants.	3.96	13	0
tracizoline tracizoline: RN given for (R-(R,R))-2,3-dihydroxybutanedionate (1:1); ligand for imidazoline receptor; structure in first source	2.46	2	0
tanespimycin CP 127374: analog of herbimycin A	2.02	1	0	1,4-benzoquinones; ansamycin; carbamate ester; organic heterobicyclic compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; Hsp90 inhibitor
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	1.99	1	0
ix 207-887 IX 207-887: inhibits the release of IL-1alpha & beta from cultured murine macrophages or human mononuclear cells	1.99	1	0
aurone [no description available]	8.61	102	0	aurones; cyclic ketone
isbogrel isbogrel: specific thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor	1.98	1	0
beta-escin [no description available]	5.72	15	0
dihydrexidine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	phenanthridines
nitrofurantoin Nitrofurantoin: A urinary anti-infective agent effective against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Although sulfonamides and antibiotics are usually the agents of choice for urinary tract infections, nitrofurantoin is widely used for prophylaxis and long-term suppression.. nitrofurantoin : An imidazolidine-2,4-dione that is hydantoin substituted at position 1 by a [(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino group. An antibiotic that damages bacterial DNA.	1.94	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione; nitrofuran antibiotic; organonitrogen heterocyclic antibiotic; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; hepatotoxic agent
am 404 [no description available]	2.41	2	0	anilide
n,n'-dicyclopentyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-nitro-pyrimidine-4,6-diamine N,N'-dicyclopentyl-2-methylsulfanyl-5-nitro-pyrimidine-4,6-diamine: structure in first source	2.81	3	0	aryl sulfide
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	1.99	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	2.38	2	0	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid
ergostane ergostane: structure	2.11	1	0	steroid fundamental parent
ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors.	2.66	3	0	diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound
sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes.	5.39	60	0	cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid	calcium ionophore; metabolite
enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate.	1.99	1	0
beraprost beraprost: stable prostacyclin analog; structure given in first source. beraprost : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is (3aS,8bS)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan in which the hydrogens at positions 1R, 2R and 5 are replaced by (3S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl, hydroxy and 3-carboxypropyl groups, respectively. It is a prostaglandin receptor agonist which is approved to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in Asia.	2.13	1	0	enyne; monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol; secondary allylic alcohol	anti-inflammatory agent; antihypertensive agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
stepholidine stepholidine: protoberberine alkaloid isolated from opium; dual D1 receptor agonist and D2 receptor antagonist	3.12	1	0
ginsenoside rb2 [no description available]	2.17	1	0	12beta-hydroxy steroid; beta-D-glucoside; disaccharide derivative; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	antiviral agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
cilansetron cilansetron: structure given in first source; binds to 5-HT(3) receptors	3.11	1	0
u 62840 U 62840: stereoisomeric benzindene prostaglandin analog; structure given in first source	2.08	1	0	carbotricyclic compound; carboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; human blood serum metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent; vitamin K antagonist
zatosetron zatosetron: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	7.33	19	2
fedotozine fedotozine: affects gastrointestinal motility in dogs	1.99	1	0
perfosfamide [no description available]	1.98	1	0
vilazodone hydrochloride [no description available]	16.37	67	17	hydrochloride	antidepressant; serotonergic agonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
jwh-133 1,1-dimethylbutyl-1-deoxy-Delta(9)-THC: a CB2 receptor agonists; no further information available on 8/2001. JWH-133 : A dibenzopyran that is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol which is lacking the hydroxy group and in which the pentyl group at position 3 has been replaced by a 1,1-dimethylbutyl group. A potent and highly selective CB2 receptor agonist.	2.05	1	0	benzochromene; dibenzopyran; organic heterotricyclic compound	analgesic; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; CB2 receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; vasodilator agent
fesoterodine fesoterodine: a muscarinic antagonist for treatment of overactive bladder	8.84	12	1	diarylmethane
5-((4-prop-2-ynylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)quinolin-8-ol 5-((4-prop-2-ynylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)quinolin-8-ol: InChIKey JWUOZHTYFQHGAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N	2.08	1	0
panobinostat Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA.. panobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma.	2.11	1	0	cinnamamides; hydroxamic acid; methylindole; secondary amino compound	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor
isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure	3.37	6	0	borneol
staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine.	2.66	3	0	ammonium ion derivative
hypericum Hypericum: Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.. 6-formamidopenicillanic acid : A penicillanic acid having a (6R)-formamido substituent.	2.79	3	0	penicillanic acids
phosphocreatine Phosphocreatine: An endogenous substance found mainly in skeletal muscle of vertebrates. It has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. (Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Englewood, CO, 1996). phosphagen : Any of a group of guanidine or amidine phosphates that function as storage depots for high-energy phosphate in muscle with the purpose of regenerating ATP from ADP during muscular contraction.. N-phosphocreatine : A phosphoamino acid consisting of creatine having a phospho group attached at the primary nitrogen of the guanidino group.	4.48	5	1	phosphagen; phosphoamino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
guaiane guaiane: from Artemisia caruifolia; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	sesquiterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
drimane drimane: structure in first source	2.5	2	0	sesquiterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent
chlorhexidine Chlorhexidine: A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.. chlorhexidine : A bisbiguanide compound with a structure consisting of two (p-chlorophenyl)guanide units linked by a hexamethylene bridge.	2.79	3	0	biguanides; monochlorobenzenes	antibacterial agent; antiinfective agent
mannich bases Mannich Bases: Ketonic amines prepared from the condensation of a ketone with formaldehyde and ammonia or a primary or secondary amine. A Mannich base can act as the equivalent of an alpha,beta unsaturated ketone in synthesis or can be reduced to form physiologically active amino alcohols.	2.94	4	0
formazans Formazans: Colored azo compounds formed by the reduction of tetrazolium salts. Employing this reaction, oxidoreductase activity can be determined quantitatively in tissue sections by allowing the enzymes to act on their specific substrates in the presence of tetrazolium salts.	2.72	3	0
aldicarb Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.. aldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.	2.15	1	0
azimilide azimilide: structure given in first source; RN given refers to dihydrochloride	3.19	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione
6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran 6-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran: do not confuse with 1-(2, 3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-6-yl)propan-2-amine, which is also known as 6-APB	4.72	8	0
pridopidine pridopidine: a dopamine stabilizer; structure in first source	3.23	1	0
desvenlafaxine succinate Desvenlafaxine Succinate: A cyclohexanol and phenol derivative and metabolite of venlafaxine that functions as a SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITOR (SNRI) and is used as an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT.	4.11	1	0
bo 653 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,2-dipentyl-4,6-di-tert-butylbenzofuran: an antiatherogenic antioxidant; structure given in first source	7.83	23	1
zk 216348 ZK 216348: ZK-209614 is the racemic mixture, ZK-216348 is the (+)-isomer, and ZK-216347 is the (-)-isomer; a selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist; structure in first source	4.41	6	0
celivarone celivarone: antiarrhythmic agent; structure in first source	10.91	13	5
ag-041r AG-041R: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
benzonitrile, 4-(2-(2-((2r)-2-methyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl)-5-benzofuranyl)- [no description available]	4.06	14	0
revexepride revexepride: 5-HT4 agonist for treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease	7.69	5	5
a-317491 A-317491: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.	3.23	6	0	oligopeptide
vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(o- methyl-l-tyrosine)-8-l-arginine- vasopressin, 1-(1-mercaptocyclohexaneacetic acid)-2-(O- methyl-L-tyrosine)-8-L-arginine-: highly potent antagonist of vasopressor response to arginine-vasopressin; structure in first source	1.97	1	0
5-APB 5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran: structure in first source	3.86	10	0	benzofurans
dysiherbaine dysiherbaine: an exitotoxic amino acid; structure in first source. dysiherbaine : A furopyran that is (3aR,7aR)-hexahydro-2H-furo[3,2-b]pyran substituted by carboxy, (2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl, hydroxy and methylamino groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 7, respectively (the 2R,3aR,6S,7R,7aR-stereoisomer). A convulsant isolated from the marine sponge Dysidea herbacea that has high affinity for kainate ionotropic glutamate receptors.	2.03	1	0	amino dicarboxylic acid; furopyran; hydroxy carboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	animal metabolite; excitatory amino acid agonist; marine metabolite; neurotoxin
gambogic acid gambogic acid: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,1(Z),3abeta,5alpha,11beta,14aS*))-isomer	2.04	1	0	pyranoxanthones	metabolite
gnetin h gnetin H: has anti-allergic activity; isolated from Paeonia anomala; structure in first source	2.41	1	0
ppi-0903 ceftaroline : A cephalosporin that is the active metabolite of the prodrug ceftaroline fosamil. Used for the treatment of adults with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.	2.07	1	0	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; iminium betaine; organic phosphoramidate; oxime O-ether; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; prodrug
cangrelor cangrelor: platelet P(2T) receptor antagonist. cangrelor : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is 5'-O-[({[dichloro(phosphono)methyl](hydroxy)phosphoryl}oxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl]adenosine carrying additional 2-(methylsulfanyl)ethyl and (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfanyl substituents at positions N6 and C2 respectively. Used (in the form of its tetrasodium salt) as an intravenous antiplatelet drug that prevents formation of harmful blood clots in the coronary arteries.	3.15	1	0	adenosine 5'-phosphate; aryl sulfide; nucleoside triphosphate analogue; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
flag peptide FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins.	2.44	2	0	peptide
cgs 35066 CGS 35066: an endothelin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitor; structure in first source	5.26	16	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	4.65	27	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
mirabegron mirabegron: a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist; structure in first source. mirabegron : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-ylacetic acid with the anilino group of (1R)-2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenylethanol. Used for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.	4.31	3	1	1,3-thiazoles; aromatic amide; ethanolamines; monocarboxylic acid amide	beta-adrenergic agonist
bm 567 BM 567: structure in first source	2.49	2	0	benzenes; sulfonamide
17-hydroxywortmannin 17-hydroxywortmannin: inhibits secretion of human neutrophils	1.97	1	0
jte 907 JTE 907: a cannabinoid CB2 receptor ligand; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	aromatic amide; quinolines
cx 659s CX 659S: structure in first source	2.13	1	0
jnj 10397049 JNJ 10397049: a selective orexin receptor-2 antagonist	2.07	1	0
ticagrelor Ticagrelor: An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.. ticagrelor : A triazolopyrimidine that is an adenosine isostere; the cyclopentane ring is similar to ribose and the nitrogen-rich [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine moiety resembles the nucleobase adenine. A platelet aggregation inhibitor which is used for prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.	3.59	2	0	aryl sulfide; hydroxyether; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound; triazolopyrimidines	P2Y12 receptor antagonist; platelet aggregation inhibitor
kb 130015 KB 130015: structure in first source	4.82	10	0
rivaroxaban Rivaroxaban: A morpholine and thiophene derivative that functions as a FACTOR XA INHIBITOR and is used in the treatment and prevention of DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS and PULMONARY EMBOLISM. It is also used for the prevention of STROKE and systemic embolization in patients with non-valvular ATRIAL FIBRILLATION, and for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in patients after an ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME.. rivaroxaban : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorothiophene-2-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 4-{4-[(5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl]phenyl}morpholin-3-one. An anticoagulant used for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with knee or hip replacement surgery.	2.31	1	0	aromatic amide; lactam; monocarboxylic acid amide; morpholines; organochlorine compound; oxazolidinone; thiophenes	anticoagulant; EC 3.4.21.6 (coagulation factor Xa) inhibitor
azd 7009 AZD 7009: an anti-arrhythmia agent; no further info available 10/2006	3.13	1	0
lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group).	4.9	1	1	dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester	Escherichia coli metabolite
bts 67582 [no description available]	2	1	0
ru24858 RU24858: a glucocorticoid; structure in first source	3.17	1	0
mer nf5003f stachybotrydial: a pancreatic cholesterol esterase inhibitor; also inhibits fucosyltransferase and sialyltransferase; structure in first source	3.14	5	0
estin geodin: structure given in first source. (+)-geodin : An oxaspiro compound that is 3H,4'H-spiro[[1]benzofuran-2,1'-cyclohexa[2,5]diene]-3,4'-dione substituted by methoxycarbonyl, hydroxy, chloro, methyl, methoxy and chloro groups at positions 2', 4, 5, 6, 6' and 7, respectively. It is a fungal metabolite isolated from Aspergillus terreus and Penicillium glabrum.	6.72	23	0	1-benzofurans; ether; methyl ester; organochlorine compound; oxaspiro compound; phenols	Aspergillus metabolite; Penicillium metabolite
l 796449 L 796449: a peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist; structure in first source	2.42	2	0
ginsenoside rb1 [no description available]	3.19	5	0	ginsenoside; glycoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; anti-obesity agent; apoptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; radical scavenger
flb 457 FLB 457: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source	2.43	2	0
rs 79948-197 RS 79948-197: structure given in first source	2.04	1	0
selexipag selexipag: prostacyclin receptor agonist. selexipag : A member of the class of pyrazines that is N-(methanesulfonyl)-2-{4-[(propan-2-yl)(pyrazin-2-yl)amino]butoxy}acetamide carrying two additional phenyl substituents at positions 5 and 6 on the pyrazine ring. An orphan drug used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is a prodrug for ACT-333679 (the free carboxylic acid).	2.08	1	0	aromatic amine; ether; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; pyrazines; tertiary amino compound	orphan drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prodrug; prostacyclin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
thiocolchicoside thiocolchicoside: used in combination with glafenine and meprobamate to tranquilize patients undergoing hysterosalpingography; structure	4.9	1	1	glycoside
tofacitinib tofacitinib : A pyrrolopyrimidine that is pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine substituted at position 4 by an N-methyl,N-(1-cyanoacetyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)amino moiety. Used as its citrate salt to treat moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis.	3.35	1	0	N-acylpiperidine; nitrile; pyrrolopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	antirheumatic drug; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
hydroxycodeinone hydroxycodeinone: RN given refers to (5alpha)-isomer; structure	2	1	0
hypothemycin hypothemycin: a resorcylic acid lactone antibiotic; antifungal metabolite from Hypomyces trichothecoides. hypothemycin : A macrolide that is isolated from the cultured broth of Hypomyces subiculosus and shows antifungal activity and inhibits the growth of some human cancer cells.	2.43	2	0	aromatic ether; diol; enone; epoxide; macrolide; phenols; polyketide; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.11.24 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite
tocotrienols tocotrienol : A tocol in which the hydrocarbon chain at position 2 contains three double bonds.	2.02	1	0	diterpenoid
vernakalant vernakalant: an antiarrhythmic agent and mixed ion channel blocker	3.14	1	0	alcohol; phenols
mre 269 (4-((5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)(isopropyl)amino)butoxy)acetic acid: active form of NS-304. ACT-333679 : A member of the class of pyrazines that is {4-[(propan-2-yl)(pyrazin-2-yl)amino]butoxy}acetic acid carrying two additional phenyl substituents at positions 5 and 6 on the pyrazine ring. The active metabolite of selexipag, an orphan drug used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.	2.08	1	0	aromatic amine; ether; monocarboxylic acid; pyrazines; sulfonamide; tertiary amino compound	drug metabolite; orphan drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostacyclin receptor agonist; vasodilator agent
rucaparib AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source	4.9	1	1	azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor
ono 8713 ONO 8713: EP1 receptors antagonist; structure in first source	2.03	1	0
rotigaptide rotigaptide: an antiarrhythmic peptide	3.13	1	0
elobixibat elobixibat: inhibits ileal bile acid transporter	3.19	1	0
cc 1065 CC 1065: from Streptomyces zelensis; structure in second sourc	3.69	10	0
zeolites [no description available]	2.74	3	0
pitolisant pitolisant: functions as both inverse agonist and antagonist of histamine H3 receptors; structure in first source	2.52	2	0	organochlorine compound
u 18666a 3-beta-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one: inhibits cycloartenol synthase. 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of 3beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. It is a cholesterol synthesis and transport inhibitor.	3.21	1	0	hydrochloride	antiviral agent; EC 1.3.1.72 (Delta(24)-sterol reductase) inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor; nicotinic antagonist; sterol biosynthesis inhibitor
ubiquinol ubiquinol: reduced forms of ubiquinone; see also record for ubiquinol 10. ubiquinol-10 : A ubiquinol in which the polyprenyl substituent is decaprenyl.	2.02	1	0	polyprenylhydroquinone; ubiquinol	biomarker; metabolite
vortioxetine Vortioxetine: A piperazine derivative that acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, as a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. It is used for the treatment of anxiety and depression.. vortioxetine : An N-arylpiperazine in which the aryl group is specified as 2-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)sulfanyl]phenyl. Used (as its hydrobromide salt) for treatment of major depressive disorder.	5.66	3	0	aryl sulfide; N-arylpiperazine	antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; serotonergic agonist; serotonergic antagonist
pipernonaline pipernonaline: derived from long pepper, Piper longum; structure in first source	2.13	1	0	benzodioxoles
hippuristanol hippuristanol: from the gorgonian Isis hippuris	2.53	2	0
aluminum oxide Aluminum Oxide: An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.	2.72	3	0
neoechinulin a neoechinulin A: from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp.; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
brl 52974 [no description available]	1.98	1	0
vaticanol b Vaticanol B: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
2-phenylbenzothiazole PBT2 compound: a metal-protein-attenuating compound that may be useful in treating Alzheimer's disesae	2.21	1	0
n-((1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide N-((1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl)-5-(3-fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide: structure in first source	3.97	2	0
antillatoxin antillatoxin: a neurotoxic lipopeptide from marine cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula	2.05	1	0
pateamine a pateamine A: a 19-membered macrolide; structure in first source; inhibits eukaryotic translation initiation. pateamine : A marine macrodiolide that is isolated from the sponge Mycale hentscheli and exhibits anticancer and antiviral properties	2.53	2	0	1,3-thiazoles; macrodiolide; olefinic compound; primary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; eukaryotic initiation factor 4F inhibitor; marine metabolite
deltorphin i, ala(2)- deltorphin I, Ala(2)-: isolated from skin extracts of frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa; has affinity to opioid receptors	2.41	2	0	peptide
spirobenzofuran spirobenzofuran: a bioactive metabolite from Acremonium sp.HKI 0230; structure in first source	8.2	5	0
pestalone pestalone: produced by a marine fungus, Pestalotia sp. in response to bacterial challenge; structure in first source	2.07	1	0
vorapaxar vorapaxar: has antiplatelet activity; structure in first source. vorapaxar : A carbamate ester that is the ethyl ester of [(1R,3aR,4aR,6R,8aR,9S,9aS)-9-{(E)-2-[5-(3-fluorophenyl)pyridin-2-yl]ethynyl}-1-methyl-3-oxododecahydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-6-yl]carbamic acid. A protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist used (as its sulfate salt) for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) or with peripheral arterial disease. It has been shown to reduce the rate of a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death, MI, stroke and urgent coronary revascularisation.	3.58	2	0	carbamate ester; lactone; naphthofuran; organofluorine compound; pyridines	cardiovascular drug; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protease-activated receptor-1 antagonist
phosphoramidite phosphoramidite: structure in first source. phosphoramidite : A compound with the general formula (RO)2PNR2. Phosphoramidites can be regarded as phosphites that have an NR2 instead of an OH group, or as amides of phosphorous acid.	2.05	1	0
frondosin b frondosin B: from sponge Dysidea frondosa; structure in first source	3.84	3	0
delta-viniferin delta-viniferin: resveratrol dehydrodimer, an isomer of epsilon-viniferin; isolated from grapevine leaves; structure in first source. (2S,3S)-trans-delta-viniferin : A stilbenoid that is the (2S,3S)-trans-stereoisomer of delta-viniferin, obtained by cyclodimerisation of trans-resveratrol.	4.5	21	0	1-benzofurans; polyphenol; stilbenoid
linagliptin Linagliptin: A purine and quinazoline derivative that functions as an INCRETIN and DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBTOR. It is used as a HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT in the treatment of TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS.. linagliptin : A xanthine that is 7H-xanthine bearing (4-methylquinazolin-2-yl)methyl, methyl, but-2-yn-1-yl and 3-aminopiperidin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 7 and 8 respectively (the R-enantiomer). Used for treatment of type II diabetes.	2.07	1	0	aminopiperidine; quinazolines	EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
iperoxo iperoxo: a muscarinic M2 receptor agonist; structure in first source	2.15	1	0
pazopanib pazopanib: a protein kinase inhibitor. pazopanib : A pyrimidine that is 5-(pyrimidin-2-yl}amino-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide substituted at position 4 by a (2,3-dimethylindazol-6-yl)(methyl)amino group. Used as its hydrochloride salt for treatment of kidney cancer.	3.94	2	1	aminopyrimidine; indazoles; sulfonamide	angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
sepantronium sepantronium: a survivin suppressant with antineoplastic activity. sepantronium : An organic cation that is 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-2-methyl-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione in which the nitrogen at position 3 of the napthoimidazole moiety has been alkylated by a pyrazin-2-ylmethyl group.	2.21	1	0	organic cation
prasugrel hydrochloride Prasugrel Hydrochloride: A piperazine derivative and PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITOR that is used to prevent THROMBOSIS in patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME; UNSTABLE ANGINA and MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, as well as in those undergoing PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS.. prasugrel hydrochloride : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-prasugrel hydrochloride. Used to prevent blood clots in people with acute coronary syndrome who are undergoing a procedure after a recent heart attack or stroke, and in people with certain disorders of the heart or blood vessels.	3.15	1	0
calcium sulfide calcium sulfide: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also record for lime sulfur (calcium polysulfide)	2.08	1	0	organic molecular entity
ro3244794 RO3244794: structure in first source	3.92	12	0
tasimelteon tasimelteon : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is propionamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is replaced by a [(1R,2R)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4-yl)cyclopropyl]methyl group. A melatonin receptor agonist used for the treatment of non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder.	13.12	43	5	1-benzofurans; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide	melatonin receptor agonist
2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1h-indole 2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-indole: an imidazoline compound; structure given in first source	3.12	5	0
artenimol artenimol: derivative of antimalarial drug artemisinin (quinghaosu)	5.05	2	1
licoflavone c licoflavone C: Antimutagenic Agent; a naturally occurring prenyl-flavone extracted from Genista ephedroides; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
ro 16-0154 iomazenil: potential benzodiazepine receptor imaging tracer for SPECT; structure given in first source; RN given refers to 123I-labeled cpd; RN for unlabeled cpd not avail 10/90	1.98	1	0
saracatinib [no description available]	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; diether; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound; oxanes; quinazolines; secondary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent
alpha-synuclein alpha-Synuclein: A synuclein that is a major component of LEWY BODIES and plays a role in SYNUCLEINOPATHIES, neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.	3.53	7	0
rocagloic acid rocagloic acid: from leaves of Aglaia elliptifolia: structure in first source	3.95	12	0
2-acetylfuranonaphthoquinone 2-acetylfuranonaphthoquinone: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	13.27	53	13
bavachinin bavachinin: do not confuse with bavachin	2.25	1	0	flavanones
ws-5995 c WS-5995 C: structure in first source	2.03	1	0	benzenes; naphthalenes; ring assembly
myrsinoic acid b myrsinoic acid B: from Myrsine seguinii; structure in first source. myrsinoic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran substituted by a carboxy group at position 5, a 1',5'-dimethyl-1'-hydroxy-4'-hexenyl group at position 2 and a prenyl group at position 7. Isolated from Myrsine seguinii, it exhibits anti-inflammatory activity.	4.77	9	0	1-benzofurans; monocarboxylic acid	anti-inflammatory agent; EC 4.4.1.11 (methionine gamma-lyase) inhibitor; metabolite
machaeriol b machaeriol B: from the plant Scoparia dulcis; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
afn 1252 API 1252: inhibits bacterial enoyl-ACP reductase; structure in first source	8.66	21	5
sideroxylonal c sideroxylonal C: formylated phloroglucinol from flowers of Eucalyptus albens; structure in first source	3.83	11	0
rubropunctatin rubropunctatin: an antineoplastic pigment isolated from Monascus; structure in first source	3.03	4	0
eckstolonol eckstolonol: structure in first source. eckstolonol : A phlorotannin that is [1,4]benzodioxino[2,3-a]oxanthrene substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6, 9 and 11. Isolated from the brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera, it exhibits radical scavenging activity.	3.17	5	0	organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxacycle; phlorotannin	metabolite; radical scavenger
piragliatin piragliatin: glucokinase activator	2.1	1	0
3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)benzonitrile 3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)benzonitrile: a serotonin transporter antagonist; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
fenicoberan fenicoberan: experimental acid neutralizer in peptic ulcer; exhibits similar therapeutic effects as carbocholen in treatment of ischemic heart disease; exhibits antiarrhytmic properties in patients with extrasystolia; Russian drug; RN given refers to HCl	4.86	8	1
pestalotiopsin a pestalotiopsin A: structure in first source	3.41	1	0
7-phloroeckol 7-phloroeckol: isolated from Ecklonia cava; structure in first source. 7-phloroeckol : A phlorotannin that is eckol in which the hydroxy group at position 7 is replaced by a 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenoxy group. Isolated from the marine brown alga, Ecklonia cava, it exhibits antioxidant activity.	2.48	2	0	aromatic ether; phlorotannin	antioxidant; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; metabolite
oxadiazoles Oxadiazoles: Compounds containing five-membered heteroaromatic rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one oxygen atom which exist in various regioisomeric forms.	7.56	24	1
cytosporone b cytosporone B: a Nur77 agonist; structure in first source	2.07	1	0	aromatic ketone
bis(pyridine)iodonium(i) tetrafluoroborate bis(pyridine)iodonium(I) tetrafluoroborate: an iodinating reagent for peptides	2.03	1	0
olivose olivose: RN given for (D)-isomer	2.08	1	0	hexose
ucn 1028 c calphostin C: structure given in first source; isolated from Cladosporium cladosporioides	2.06	1	0
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	2.31	1	0	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
conocarpan conocarpan: RN given for (2R-(2alpha,3beta,5(E))-isomer; from the roots of Krameria tomentosa (Krameriaceae); structure in first source	5.01	12	0
allocyathin b2 allocyathin B2: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	4.9	1	1
palytoxin palytoxin: coelenterate toxin; composed of substituted N-3-hydroxypropyl-trans-3-amidoacrylamides. palytoxin : A polyol marine coelenterate toxin composed of substituted N-3-hydroxypropyl-trans-3-amidoacrylamides and produced by species of Palythoa and Zoanthus soft corals (collectively called zoantharians), either as a defence mechanism or to assist them in capturing prey. An ionophore that forms cation channels through Na+/K+-ATPase, it is a potent vasoconstrictor useful in evaluation of anti-angina agents. It is considered to be one of the most poisonous non-protein substances known, second only to maitotoxin in terms of toxicity in mice.	1.99	1	0	polyol	toxin
regorafenib [no description available]	5.46	6	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; hepatotoxic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION.	4.02	14	0
lurasidone hydrochloride Lurasidone Hydrochloride: A thiazole derivative and atypical ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENT that functions as a DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, serotonin 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, and antagonist of the adrenergic α2A and α2C receptors, as well as a partial SEROTONIN 5-HT1A RECEPTOR AGONIST. It is used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA and BIPOLAR DISORDER.. lurasidone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by reaction of lurasidone with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. An atypical antipsychotic agent used for the treatment of schizophrenia.	2.54	2	0	hydrochloride	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ati 7505 [no description available]	4.15	2	0
naphyrone 1-naphthalen-2-yl-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylpentan-1-one: a monoamine uptake inhibitor; structure in first source	3.18	1	0
pnu-282987 [no description available]	2.07	1	0
spirolaxine methyl ether spirolaxine methyl ether: structure in first source	2.44	2	0
eluxadoline [no description available]	2.13	1	0	amino acid amide; benzamides; imidazoles; L-phenylalanine derivative; methoxybenzoic acid	delta-opioid receptor antagonist; gastrointestinal drug; kappa-opioid receptor agonist; mu-opioid receptor agonist
buprenorphine, naloxone drug combination Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination: A pharmaceutical preparation that combines buprenorphine, an OPIOID ANALGESICS with naloxone, a NARCOTIC ANTAGONISTS to reduce the potential for NARCOTIC DEPENDENCE in the treatment of pain. It may also be used for OPIOID SUBSTITUTION THERAPY.	6.83	3	3
aspalathin aspalathin: structure in first source. aspalathin : A member of the class of dihydrochalcones that is the 2-C-beta-D-glucopyranide of phloroglucinol and which is substituted at position 4 by a 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoyl group. A metabolite of red bush, Aspalathus linearis (and present in the herbal tea made from the leaves), aspalathin exhibits significant hypoglycemic activity.	2.07	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; catechols; dihydrochalcones; polyketide; polyphenol	antioxidant; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
5-methyl-2-(3-oxo-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl)benzoquinone 5-methyl-2-(3-oxo-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl)benzoquinone: Highly oxidized cuparene-type sesquiterpenes from a mycelial culture of Flammulina velutipes; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	sesquiterpenoid
mycoepoxydiene mycoepoxydiene: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
bistramide c bistramide C: isolated from marine ascidian Lissoclinum bistratum; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
ventiloquinone l ventiloquinone L: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
pauciflorol f pauciflorol F: from the stem bark of Vatica pauciflora; structure in first source	2.17	1	0
pterulone pterulone: isolated from Pterula coral fungus; structure in first source	2.69	3	0
technetium tc 99m mebrofenin technetium Tc 99m mebrofenin: hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical	2.25	1	0
nutlin-3a nutlin 3: an MDM2 antagonist; structure in first source	2.21	1	0	stilbenoid
cgs 35601 CGS 35601: a single molecule triple vasopeptidase inhibitor; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
episilvestrol episilvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris; structure in first source. epi-silvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a 5'''-epimer of silvestrol. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	3.18	5	0	dioxanes; ether; methyl ester; organic heterotricyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
tedizolid phosphate tedizolid phosphate: a prodrug of DA-7157; structure in first source. tedizolid phosphate : A phosphate monoester resulting from the formal condensation of equimolar amounts of phosphoric acid with the hydroxy group of tedizolid . It is a prodrug of tedizolid, used for the treatment of acute bacterial skin infections caused by certain susceptible bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible strains), various Streptococcus species, and Enterococcus faecalis.	2.11	1	0	carbamate ester; organofluorine compound; oxazolidinone; phosphate monoester; pyridines; tetrazoles	antimicrobial agent; prodrug; protein synthesis inhibitor
psoralenoside psoralenoside: structure in first source	3.62	8	0
scabronine g scabronine G: stimulates secretion of neurotrophic factor; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
quisinostat [no description available]	2.21	1	0	indoles
eupomatilone-6 eupomatilone-6: structure in first source	3.74	10	0
chir 090 CHIR 090: structure in first source. CHIR-090 : An L-threonine derivative obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({4-[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]phenyl}ethynyl)benzoic acid with the amino group of N-hydroxy-L-threoninamide.	2.13	1	0	acetylenic compound; benzamides; hydroxamic acid; L-threonine derivative; morpholines	antimicrobial agent; EC 3.5.1.108 (UDP-3-O-acyl-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase) inhibitor; lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis inhibitor
hcv 796 HCV 796: inhibits HCV RdRp; structure in first source	4.83	7	1
isopsoralenoside isopsoralenoside: structure in first source	3.36	6	0
sitagliptin phosphate Sitagliptin Phosphate: A pyrazine-derived DIPEPTIDYL-PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITOR and HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT that increases the levels of the INCRETIN hormones GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES.	7.39	5	5
jensenone jensenone: a marsupial antifeedant from Eucalyptus; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
gw9508 GW9508: structure in first source	2.9	3	0	aromatic amine
veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal.	3.49	8	0
liphagal liphagal: selective inhibitor of PI3 kinase alpha isolated from the sponge akacoralliphaga; structure in first source. liphagal : A meroterpenoid isolated from the marine sponge Aka coralliphaga and has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase.	3.27	1	0	aldehyde; cyclic ether; meroterpenoid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; polyphenol	EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; metabolite
ginsenoside rd ginsenoside Rd: RN refers to (3beta,12beta)-isomer. ginsenoside Rd : A ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng and Panax japonicus var. major that is (20S)-ginsenoside Rg3 in which the hydroxy group at position 20 has been converted to its beta-D-glucopyranoside.	2.21	1	0	beta-D-glucoside; ginsenoside; tetracyclic triterpenoid	anti-inflammatory drug; apoptosis inducer; immunosuppressive agent; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite; vulnerary
serotobenine serotobenine: isolated from Ouratea turnarea	8.88	3	0
sauchinone sauchinone: isolated from Saururus chinensis; structure in first source	2.05	1	0
abexinostat abexinostat: structure in first source	10.87	39	8	benzofurans
losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.	2.68	3	0
silvestrol silvestrol: isolated from the fruit and twig of Aglaia silvestris. silvestrol : An organic heterotricyclic compound that consists of a 2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-H-benzo[b]cyclopenta[d]furan framework substituted by hydroxy groups at positions C-1 and C-8b, a methoxycarbonyl group at C-2, a phenyl group at C-3, a 4-methoxyphenyl group at C-3a, a methoxy group at C-8 and a 1,4-dioxan-2-yloxy group at position C-6 which in turn is substituted by a methoxy group at position 3 and a 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at position 6. Isolated from Aglaia silvestris, it exhibits antineoplastic activity.	5.52	19	0	dioxanes; ether; methyl ester; organic heterotricyclic compound	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
td-5108 TD-5108: a selective 5-HT(4) receptor agonist with high intrinsic activity; structure in first source	18.52	114	39
empagliflozin [no description available]	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; C-glycosyl compound; monochlorobenzenes; tetrahydrofuryl ether	hypoglycemic agent; sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
miliusol miliusol: from Miliusa balansae; structure in first source	2.02	1	0
agn 192403 AGN 192403: a potent imidazoline receptor specific agent; structure in first source	2.71	3	0
calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.	4.92	37	0	benzoxazole
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	3.12	5	0
sar 1118 lifitegrast: An LFA-1 (LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1) antagonist that is used in the treatment of DRY EYE SYNDROMES.. lifitegrast : An N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-[2-(1-benzofuran-6-carbonyl)]-5,7-dichloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 3-(methanesulfonyl)-L-phenylalanine. Used for treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome).	3.25	1	0	1-benzofurans; isoquinolines; L-phenylalanine derivative; N-acyl-L-alpha-amino acid; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 antagonist
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	2.4	2	0
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	2.66	2	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available]	4.9	8	1
brexpiprazole brexpiprazole: a serotonin agent; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	N-arylpiperazine
pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR).	4.11	16	0
monascin monascin: a pigment isolated from Monascus pilosus fermented rice; has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source. monascin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 3a,4,8,9a-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-g][2]benzopyran-2,9(3H)-dione that is substituted at positions 3, 6, and 9a by hexanoyl, (1E)-prop-1-en-1-yl and methyl groups, respectively (the 3S,3aR,9aR diastereoisomer). One of the azaphilonoid pigments in extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mould rice), it is a potent inhibitor of carcinogenesis measured against chemical- or UV-initiated, phorbol-promoted mouse skin tumours.	2.13	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone; gamma-lactone; organic heterotricyclic compound; polyketide	antilipemic drug; antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; PPARgamma agonist
monascorubrin monascorubrin: isolated from Monascus species	2.55	2	0	azaphilone; enone; gamma-lactone; polyketide; triketone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; food colouring; fungal metabolite; Hsp90 inhibitor
resorcinarene resorcinarene: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
thienopyridine thienopyridine: patients were treated with thienopyridine after percutaneous coronary intervention; Antiplatelet Agents. thienopyridine : Any organic heterobicyclic compound whose skeleton results from the formal ortho-fusion of any bond of a pyridine with any bond of a thiophene.	3.54	2	0
hexahydroindolinone hexahydroindolinone: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
phytosterols Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.	4.25	5	0
eunicellin eunicellin: structure in first source	2.11	1	0
ouabagenin ouabagenin: inhibitor of ATPASE; structure. ouabagenin : A hexahydroxy steroidal lactone obtained by hydrolysis of ouabain.	2.03	1	0	1-hydroxy steroid; 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 19-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid	EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor
rifamycins [no description available]	3.6	2	0
eudesmanolide eudesmanolide: structure in first source	2.06	1	0	sesquiterpene lactone
clove Madagascar: One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)	3.16	5	0
acid phosphatase Acid Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.2.	2.35	2	0
esorubicin esorubicin: RN given refers to parent cpd; synthesized deriv of doxorubicin	1.96	1	0
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	1.98	1	0
ants Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)	2.55	2	0
silver carbonate [no description available]	2.05	1	0
ci 959 CI 959: antiallergy compound; inhibits thromboxanes	1.98	1	0
(3z,6alpha,7alpha)-isomer of 3-butylidene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6,7-dihydroxy-1(3h)-isobenzofuranone senkyunolide H: from Ligusticum chuanxiong; structure nin first source	4.24	15	0	2-benzofurans
cladosporin cladosporin: antifungal metabolite from Cladosporium cladosporioides; toxic, minor metabolite of Aspersillus flavus; inhibits tRNA synthetase in Plasmodium falciparum	2.46	2	0
salvianolic acid c salvianolic acid C: mTOR inhibitor from Salvia miltiorrhiza	2.58	2	0	benzofurans
bavachin bavachin: from Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae), has osteoblastic proliferation stimulating activity; do not confuse with bavachinin	2.49	2	0
lyoniside lyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer	2.05	1	0
jaw [no description available]	2.42	2	0	indolecarboxamide
ankaflavin ankaflavin: from Monascus-fermented red rice; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	6.18	10	1	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mdv 3100 [no description available]	2.08	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; imidazolidinone; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; thiocarbonyl compound	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
pseudomycin b pseudomycin B: structure in first source	2	1	0
herpetrione herpetrione: structure in first source	2.17	1	0
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	4.08	14	0
bms-650032 asunaprevir: an NS3 protease inhibitor against hepatitis C virus	5.35	6	0	oligopeptide
vibralactone vibralactone: lipase inhibitor with an unusual fused beta-lactone produced by cultures of the basidiomycete Boreostereum vibrans; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes.	2.03	1	0
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	3.08	5	0
ceruletide Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.. ceruletide : A decapeptide comprising 5-oxoprolyl, glutamyl, aspartyl, O-sulfotyrosyl, threonyl, glycyl, tryptopyl, methionyl, aspartyl and phenylalaninamide residues in sequence. Found in the skins of certain Australian amphibians, it is an analogue of the gastrointestinal peptide hormone cholecystokinin and stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion. It is used in cases of paralysis of the intestine (paralytic ileus) and as a diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.	3.09	5	0	oligopeptide	diagnostic agent; gastrointestinal drug
motilin Motilin: A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.	3.82	3	0
dynorphins Dynorphins: A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.	3.08	5	0
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	3.69	10	0	polypeptide
13-leu-motilin [no description available]	2	1	0
glycoprotein e2, hepatitis c virus glycoprotein E2, Hepatitis C virus: RN refers to quasispecies 4E; amino acid sequence known; caution: HCV also stands for hog cholera virus	2.11	1	0
vitisin a [no description available]	5.94	31	0	benzofurans
nociceptin [no description available]	2.7	3	0	organic molecular entity; polypeptide	human metabolite; rat metabolite
omega-conotoxin (conus magus) Conus magus toxin: from marine mollusk Conus magus; 25-27 amino acid peptide; MW 3 kDa	1.97	1	0
anantin anantin: atrial natriuretic factor antagonist; from Streptomyces coerulescens; consists of 17 natural amino acids which form a ring system; MF C90-H111-N21-O24; binds to receptor of atrial natriuretic factor; structure given in first source	2.02	1	0
gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	2.88	4	0
gramicidin a Gramicidin: A group of peptide antibiotics from BACILLUS brevis. Gramicidin C or S is a cyclic, ten-amino acid polypeptide and gramicidins A, B, D are linear. Gramicidin is one of the two principal components of TYROTHRICIN.	3.49	8	0
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	3.67	10	0	peptide hormone
neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones.	4.87	11	0
s6c sarafotoxin sarafotoxins s6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis; has strong cardiotoxic activity; all contain 21 amino acid residues; see also endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor	2.68	3	0
iberiotoxin [no description available]	2.03	1	0
angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.	1.99	1	0
cortistatin 14 cortistatin: a cortical neuropeptide; shows strong structural similarity to somatostatin; a neuronal depressant; has sleep-modulating activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	2	1	0
tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing.	5.63	22	0
oligonucleotides [no description available]	4.95	8	1
ziconotide ziconotide: amino acid sequence in first source; from venom of South Pacific sea cone snail, Conus magus; calcium channel blocker; administered by injection into Cerebrospinal Fluid; Prialt is synthetic form. omega-conotoxin MVIIA : A heterodetic cyclic polypeptide consisting of the linear sequence Cys-Lys-Gly-Lys-Gly-Ala-Lys-Cys-Ser-Arg-Leu-Met-Tyr-Asp-Cys-Cys-Thr-Gly-Ser-Cys-Arg-Ser-Gly-Lys-Cys-NH2 with three disulfide bridges between cysteine residues 1-16, 8-20 and 15-25. A neuronal N-type Ca(2+) channel blocker in mammalian and amphibian brain, it blocks release of GABA and glutamate at neuronal synapses. Used as a probe for calcium channel receptors, it is selective for different receptor subtypes. A synthetic form, named ziconotide, is an atypical analgesic agent for the amelioration of severe and chronic pain.	2.03	1	0
glucagon-like peptide 1 Glucagon-Like Peptide 1: A peptide of 36 or 37 amino acids that is derived from PROGLUCAGON and mainly produced by the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLP-1(1-37 or 1-36) is further N-terminally truncated resulting in GLP-1(7-37) or GLP-1-(7-36) which can be amidated. These GLP-1 peptides are known to enhance glucose-dependent INSULIN release, suppress GLUCAGON release and gastric emptying, lower BLOOD GLUCOSE, and reduce food intake.	3.92	4	0
oritavancin oritavancin : A semisynthetic glycopeptide used (as its bisphosphate salt) for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections caused or suspected to be caused by susceptible isolates of designated Gram-positive microorganisms including MRSA.	2.11	1	0	disaccharide derivative; glycopeptide; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
incretins Incretins: Peptides which stimulate INSULIN release from the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS following oral nutrient ingestion, or postprandially.	3.95	2	1
conantokin-t conantokin-T: from cone snail Conus tulipa; a 21-amino acid peptide which induces sleep-like symptoms in young mice; has N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist activity; amino acid sequence given in first source	1.97	1	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	5.08	3	3
natriuretic peptide, c-type Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified.	2.07	1	0
calcium orange calcium orange: a fluorescent calcium indicator. calcium orange : A xanthene dye-based thiourea conjugate.	2.4	2	0	xanthene dye	fluorochrome
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	5.42	4	1	glycoside
endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)	5.95	24	1
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	3.37	7	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
famitinib famitinib: structure in first source	3.23	1	0
chlorophyll a Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.	4.79	7	1	chlorophyll; methyl ester	cofactor
cordierite cordierite: contains magnesium, aluminum oxides, and silicon oxides	2.13	1	0
3-(3-(4-((pyridin-2-yloxy)methyl)benzyl)isoxazol-5-yl)pyridin-2-amine APX001A: has antifungal activity; structure in first source	4.9	1	1
glaziovianin a glaziovianin A: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye	2.43	2	0
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	6.17	5	2
pinoresinol pinoresinol: in plants; a furo[3,4-c]furan created from dimer of coniferyl alcohol. pinoresinol : A lignan that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted at positions 1 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl groups.	4.25	5	0
1,2-azaborine 1,2-azaborine: structure in first source	2.15	1	0
alcaftadine alcaftadine : An imidazobenzazepine that is 6,11-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][3]benzazepine substituted at position 3 by a formyl group and at position 11 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. An antihistamine used for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.	2.07	1	0	aldehyde; imidazobenzazepine; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-allergic agent; H1-receptor antagonist
calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4.	3.17	5	0
cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide cholesteryl ester hydroperoxide: RN given refers to the (3-beta)-isomer; do not confuse with cholesterol hydroperoxide (5-hydroperoxycholesterol)	3.84	2	1
lucifer yellow lucifer yellow: RN given refers to di-Li salt	2.69	3	0	organic lithium salt	fluorochrome
sapogenins Sapogenins: The aglucon moiety of a saponin molecule. It may be triterpenoid or steroid, usually spirostan, in nature.	2.04	1	0
hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid: structure in first source	2.72	3	0
maoecrystal v maoecrystal V: cytotoxic; from the leaves of a Chinese medicinal herb, Isodon eriocalyx; structure in first source	2.1	1	0
1,2,4-trioxane 1,2,4-trioxane: structure in first source	2.1	1	0
gnetin c gnetin C: has free radical scavenging activity; isolated from Gnetum gnemon; structure in first source	6.56	13	1
pyrazolopyridine pyrazolopyridine: act as competitive antagonists of brain adenosine A1 receptors	2.04	1	0
chitosan [no description available]	3.89	11	0
icotinib [no description available]	3.23	1	0
bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol bis(1,3-diethylthiobarbiturate)trimethineoxonol: fluorescent probe for membrane potentials	2.38	2	0
tegobuvir tegobuvir: a non-structural protein 5B polymerase inhibitor	2.1	1	0
sodium oxybate Sodium Oxybate: The sodium salt of 4-hydroxybutyric acid. It is used for both induction and maintenance of ANESTHESIA.	2.99	4	0
bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP.	3.48	8	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide
tert-butoxide, potassium [no description available]	2.41	1	0
sodium bisulfite sodium bisulfite: has been used externally for parasitic skin diseases and as gastrointestinal antiseptic; structure. sodium hydrogensulfite : An inorganic sodium salt having hydrogensulfite as the counterion.	1.96	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; sulfite salt	allergen; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; mutagen; reducing agent
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	2	1	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
raltegravir potassium Raltegravir Potassium: A pyrrolidinone derivative and HIV INTEGRASE INHIBITOR that is used in combination with other ANTI-HIV AGENTS for the treatment of HIV INFECTION.	3.59	1	1
tanshinone ii a sodium sulfonate tanshinone II A sodium sulfonate: has cardioprotective activity; water-soluble derivative of tanshinone II A; isolated from Salvia militiorrhiza; relieves anginal pain; structure	2.25	1	0
stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid.	3.8	2	1
xk 469 XK 469: structure in first source	2.03	1	0
merocyanine dye merocyanine dye: fluorescent dye used for studying axons 2 position on pyrimidine ring may be S or O; RN given refers to Na salt; structure	2.08	1	0
saprisartan potassium saprisartan potassium: structure given in first source	4.35	20	0
sodium pertechnetate tc 99m Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m: A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular and cerebral circulation, brain, thyroid, and joints.	1.96	1	0
mersalyl Mersalyl: A toxic thiol mercury salt formerly used as a diuretic. It inhibits various biochemical functions, especially in mitochondria, and is used to study those functions.	3.05	1	0
chiniofon Hydroxyquinolines: The 8-hydroxy derivatives inhibit various enzymes and their halogenated derivatives, though neurotoxic, are used as topical anti-infective agents, among other uses.	2.08	1	0
almorexant almorexant: a dual orexin receptor antagonist for treatment of insomnia	4.39	3	0	isoquinolines
methyl jasmonate [no description available]	3.71	9	0
liriodendrin liriodendrin: 573-33-4 is liriodendrin; from bark of Plumeria rubra; structure given in first source	2.03	1	0
ast 1306 AST 1306: an antineoplastic agent that inhibits epidermal growth factor receptors 1 and 2; structure in first source	3.23	1	0	quinazolines
goniomitine goniomitine: from root bark of Gonioma malagasy; structure in first source	3.41	1	0	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid
pf-04279405 PF-04279405: a glucokinase activator	2.5	2	0
uridine diphosphate n-acetylmuramic acid Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid: A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which is formed from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and phosphoenolpyruvate. It serves as the building block upon which peptidoglycan is formed.. UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate(3-) : A UDP-N-acetyl-D-muramate(3-) in which the anomeric centre of the pyranose fragment has alpha-configuration.	2.02	1	0	UDP-N-acetylmuramate(3-)
fufenozide fufenozide: non-steroidal ecdysone agonist	2.79	3	0
lomibuvir lomibuvir: an antiviral agent with polymerase NS5 inhibitory activity	2.1	1	0	thiophenecarboxylic acid
picrotoxin Picrotoxin: A noncompetitive antagonist at GABA-A receptors and thus a convulsant. Picrotoxin blocks the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-activated chloride ionophore. Although it is most often used as a research tool, it has been used as a CNS stimulant and an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially the barbiturates.. picrotoxin : A mixture consisting of equimolar amounts of picrotoxinin and picrotin found in the climbing plant Anamirta cocculus.	2.65	3	0
pci 32765 ibrutinib: a Btk protein inhibitor. ibrutinib : A member of the class of acrylamides that is (3R)-3-[4-amino-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]piperidine in which the piperidine nitrogen is replaced by an acryloyl group. A selective and covalent inhibitor of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase, it is used for treatment of B-cell malignancies.	3.4	2	0	acrylamides; aromatic amine; aromatic ether; N-acylpiperidine; pyrazolopyrimidine; tertiary carboxamide	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
intrinsic factor Intrinsic Factor: A glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the GASTRIC GLANDS that is required for the absorption of VITAMIN B 12 (cyanocobalamin). Deficiency of intrinsic factor leads to VITAMIN B 12 DEFICIENCY and ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS.	1.97	1	0
tak-875 [no description available]	15.54	84	14	biphenyls
oxymatrine oxymatrine: structure in first source; has anti-apoptosis effects	3.17	1	0
albiflorin albiflorin: glucoside in peony roots. albiflorin : A monoterpene glycoside with formula C23H28O11, originally isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora.	2.49	2	0	benzoate ester; beta-D-glucoside; bridged compound; gamma-lactone; monoterpene glycoside; secondary alcohol	neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
azd4694 AZD4694: an Abeta plaque neuroimaging PET radioligand; structure in first source	4.87	7	1
cr4056 [no description available]	3.04	4	0
suvorexant suvorexant: an orexin receptor antagonist; structure in first source. suvorexant : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-methyl-2-(2H-1,2,3-triazol-2-yl)benzoic acid with the secondary amino group of 5-chloro-2-[(5R)-5-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl]-1,3-benzoxazole. An orexin receptor antagonist used for the management of insomnia.	4.74	3	0	1,3-benzoxazoles; aromatic amide; diazepine; organochlorine compound; triazoles	central nervous system depressant; orexin receptor antagonist
navitoclax [no description available]	2.31	1	0	aryl sulfide; monochlorobenzenes; morpholines; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; piperazines; secondary amino compound; sulfone; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor
corylifol a corylifol A: isolated from Psoralea corylifolia; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	3.63	2	0	BODIPY compound
cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.	5.8	12	2
dynorphins dynorphin (1-13): potent opioid peptide; see also record for dynorphin & D-Ala(2)-dynorphin (1-11)	2.38	2	0
neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91	2.38	2	0	peptide hormone	human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary
dahlia Dahlia: A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE that contains antifungal plant defensin.. Hoffman's violet : A hydrochloride obtained by combining Hoffman's violet free base with one molar equivalent of hydrogen chloride. A specific stain for animal chromosomes.	2.03	1	0
incb-018424 [no description available]	2.31	1	0	nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
mk-6096 MK-6096: antagonist of orexin receptors 1 and 2; structure in first source	4.39	3	0
tolterodine tartrate Tolterodine Tartrate: An ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENT selective for the MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS of the BLADDER that is used in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE.	12.61	37	3	tartrate salt
mannans [no description available]	4.9	1	1
bms-790052 daclatasvir: an HCV NS5A inhibitor. daclatasvir : A member of the class of biphenyls that is a potent inhibitor of nonstructural protein 5A and is used (as its hydrochloride salt) for treatment of hepatitis C.	7.21	10	0	biphenyls; carbamate ester; carboxamide; imidazoles; valine derivative	antiviral drug; nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
sb 649868 N-((1-((5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)carbonyl)-2-piperidinyl)methyl)-4-benzofurancarboxamide: antagonist of both orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptors; for treating insomnia; structure in first source	9.35	8	5
inositol 1,4-bis(phosphate) inositol 1,4-bis(phosphate): induced in human platelets by thrombin; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate(4-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate; major species at pH 7.3.	1.97	1	0
J147 J147: neurotrophic curcumin derivative compound that has enhanced stability and bioavailability over curcumin	3.35	1	0	anilide
phosphinothricin phosphinothricin: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. phosphinothricin(1-) : Conjugate base of phosphinothricin arising from deprotonation of the phosphinate function.	2.43	2	0	organic anion
9r-(9alpha(z),10alpha) of 3'-angeloyloxy-4'-acetoxy-3',4'-dihydroseselin praeruptorin A: isolated fromPeucedanum praeruptorum Dunn. roots; structure in first source	2.21	1	0
moracin o moracin O: structure in first source	3.37	6	0
linderol a linderol A: a hexahydrodibenzofuran isolated from Lindera umbellata bark, with potent inhibitory activity on melanin biosynthesis of cultured B-16 melanoma cell; structure in first source	4.53	7	0	chalcones
sanggenon g sanggenon G: from Morus alba root bark (Sang bai pi); structure in first source	3.23	5	0	flavanones
plx4032 [no description available]	2.15	1	0	aromatic ketone; difluorobenzene; monochlorobenzenes; pyrrolopyridine; sulfonamide	antineoplastic agent; B-Raf inhibitor
spirolide d spirolide D: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	azepine
triiodothyronine, reverse Triiodothyronine, Reverse: A metabolite of THYROXINE, formed by the peripheral enzymatic monodeiodination of T4 at the 5 position of the inner ring of the iodothyronine nucleus.. 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine zwitterion : Zwitterionic form of 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine.	5.75	21	1	3,3',5'-triiodothyronine; amino acid zwitterion
n,n-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)benzylamine N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-cyanophenylthio)benzylamine: structure in first source	2.02	1	0
glycolipids [no description available]	2.88	4	0
baricitinib [no description available]	3.35	1	0	azetidines; nitrile; pyrazoles; pyrrolopyrimidine; sulfonamide	anti-inflammatory agent; antirheumatic drug; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	12.28	120	1
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	3.46	7	0
jwh-122 (4-methyl-1-naphthyl)-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone: structure in first source	2.08	1	0
hmpl-013 HMPL-013: a VEGF receptor antagonist; structure in first source	15.74	45	19
cleistanthin cleistanthin: lignan lactone toxic glycoside from Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb); structure. cleistanthin A : A member of the class of cleistanthins that is the 4-O-3,4-di-O-methyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside of 1,3-dihydronaphtho[2,3-c]furan-4-ol which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1, methoxy groups at positions 6 and 7, and a 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl group at position 9. It is one of the toxic principles in Cleistanthus collinus.	2.1	1	0	cleistanthins; xylose derivative	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic
typhaneoside typhaneoside: isolated from pollen of Typha angustfolia L. (puhuang); structure given in first source	2.1	1	0	flavonoids; glycoside
mulberrofuran g mulberrofuran G: from Mulberry tree; Diels-Alder type adduct; structure given in first source	3.79	10	0
corynoxeine corynoxeine: active principles of Uncariae Ramulus et Uncus; structure given in first source for ((7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer) and ((16E,20alpha)-isomer); RN given refers to ((7beta,16E,20alpha)-isomer)	2.1	1	0
malibatol a malibatol A: an oligostilbene from leaves of Hopea malibato; structure in first source	7.73	3	0
grazoprevir grazoprevir: has antiviral activity; component of Zepatier. grazoprevir : An azamacrocyclic compound that is a hepatitis C protease inhibitor used in combination with elbasvir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.	20.21	148	64	aromatic ether; azamacrocycle; carbamate ester; cyclopropanes; lactam; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; quinoxaline derivative	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent
abt-450 paritaprevir: inhibits HCV NS3 protease. paritaprevir : An azamacrocycle which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	9.21	8	1
mephedrone mephedrone: a beta-keto (bk) designer drug; Central Nervous System Stimulants. mephedrone : An aromatic ketone that is propiophenone substituted at C-4 and at C-beta with methyl and methylamino groups respectively. It is a synthetic stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes.	2.52	2	0	amphetamines; aromatic ketone; secondary amino compound	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
spirolide b spirolide B: structure in first source	2.05	1	0
formylchromone formylchromone: structure in first source	3.17	1	0
sofosbuvir Sofosbuvir: A uridine monophosphate analog inhibitor of HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) polymerase NS5B that is used as an ANTIVIRAL AGENT in the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS C.. sofosbuvir : A nucleotide conjugate that is used in combination with ledipasvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	14.67	34	11	isopropyl ester; L-alanyl ester; nucleotide conjugate; organofluorine compound; phosphoramidate ester	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor; prodrug
hordatine a hordatine A: has antifungal activity; isolated from barley; structure in first source. hordatine A : A member of the calss of benzofurans that is a homodimer of para-coumarylagmatine where a hydroxy group of one molecule has reacted across the other molecule's ethene double bond to combine the two molecules and form a furan ring.	3.15	5	0	aromatic ether; benzofurans; dicarboxylic acid diamide; guanidines; phenols	adrenergic antagonist; metabolite
exenatide Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.	2.03	1	0
kavain kavain: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; see also kavaform; structure	1.99	1	0	2-pyranones; aromatic ether
endrin Endrin: An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). endrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of isodrin. It is the endo, endo stereoisomer of dieldrin. It is an insecticide mainly used on field crops such as cotton and grains and has also been used as a rodenticide to control mice and voles. The product is banned in many countries since it is a persistent organic pollutant.	2.06	1	0
opium oxychlordane: metabolite of chlordan more toxic to mammals than parent cpd; structure	2.08	1	0	oxanes
abemaciclib [no description available]	2.17	1	0
amg-837 AMG-837: GPR40 agonist	3.61	2	0
brevianamide a brevianamide A: metabolite of Penicillium viridicatum; structure	2.06	1	0
pf-04937319 N,N-dimethyl-5-((2-methyl-6-((5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbamoyl)benzofuran-4-yl)oxy)pyrimidine-2-carboxamide: a glucokinase activator; structure in first source	7.52	7	3
diptoindonesin g diptoindonesin G: from Hopea mengarawan; structure in first source	3.93	11	0
fumimycin fumimycin: a peptide deformylase inhibitor produced by Aspergillus fumisynnematus; structure in first source. fumimycin : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran-2(3H)-one substituted by a propenyl group at position 4, hydroxy groups at positions 5 and 6, methyl group at position 3 and a [(2E)-3-carboxyprop-2-enoyl]nitrilo group at position 3. Isolated from the fermentation broth of Aspergillus fumisynnematus F746, it exhibits antibacterial activity.	3.15	5	0	1-benzofurans; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; gamma-lactone; monocarboxylic acid; polyphenol	antibacterial agent; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.5.1.88 (peptide deformylase) inhibitor
butyrolactone i butyrolactone I: selective inhibitor of cdk2 & cdc2 kinase; structure given in first source	2.57	2	0	butenolide
sphaeropsidin a sphaeropsidin A: main phytotoxin produced by Diplodia cupressi; structure in first source	2.08	1	0	gamma-lactone	metabolite
isoquercitrin [no description available]	2.63	2	0
2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone [no description available]	2.15	1	0
vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).	3.99	14	0
natriuretic peptide, brain Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.	2.13	1	0	polypeptide
gsk2485852 GSK2485852: inhibits hepatitis C virus polymerase; structure in first source	2.08	1	0
heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron.	2.42	2	0
bp-1-102 BP-1-102: a STAT3 inhibitor; structure in first source	2.25	1	0
lesinurad lesinurad: a uric acid reabsorption inhibitor. lesinurad : A member of the class of triazoles that is [(3-bromo-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]acetic acid substituted at position 1 of the triazole ring by a 4-cyclopropylnaphthalen-1-yl group. Used for treatment of gout.	3.25	1	0	aryl sulfide; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid; naphthalenes; organobromine compound; triazoles	uricosuric drug
chondroitin Chondroitin: A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	1.95	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	6.36	21	2	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.	1.94	1	0	carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	4.88	2	1
chlortetracycline Chlortetracycline: A TETRACYCLINE with a 7-chloro substitution.. chlortetracycline : A member of the class of tetracyclines with formula C22H23ClN2O8 isolated from Streptomyces aureofaciens.	3.06	5	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	6.4	31	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	1.94	1	0	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
acenocoumarol Acenocoumarol: A coumarin that is used as an anticoagulant. Its actions and uses are similar to those of WARFARIN. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p233). acenocoumarol : A hydroxycoumarin that is warfarin in which the hydrogen at position 4 of the phenyl substituent is replaced by a nitro group.	2.88	4	0	C-nitro compound; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	8.94	156	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
citrinin Citrinin: Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.	4.1	4	0
pulvinic acid pulvinic acid: structure in first source	2.05	1	0	butenolide
arzanol arzanol: a prenylated alpha-pyrone-phloroglucinol etherodimer from Helichrysum italicum subsp.microphyllum; has antioxidant and cytotoxic activity; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
micropyrone micropyrone: from Helichrysum italicum ssp. microphyllum; structure in first source	2.13	1	0
teriflunomide [no description available]	4.9	1	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic amide; enamide; enol; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	drug metabolite; EC 1.3.98.1 [dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)] inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
vulpinic acid vulpinic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source; vulpinic acid refers to (E)-isomer	4.54	7	0	butenolide
omadacycline omadacycline: demonstrated in vitro activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and select Gram-negative pathogens; structure in first source	2.25	1	0	tetracyclines
pf 00868554 filibuvir: inhibits HCV RNA replicase	2.1	1	0	triazolopyrimidines
dolutegravir [no description available]	3.59	1	1	difluorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid amide; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary carboxamide	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
abt-267 ombitasvir: inhibits HCV NS5A protein, component of Viekirax. ombitasvir : A dipeptide derivative which is used which is in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	9.41	8	1	aromatic amide; carbamate ester; dipeptide; pyrrolidines	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
almagate pegaptanib: a 28-base ribonucleic acid aptamer covalently linked to two branched 20-kD polyethylene glycol moieties to block the activity of extracellular VEGF, specifically the 165-amino-acid isoform (VEGF165); for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration	2.03	1	0
abt-333 dasabuvir: an antiviral agent. dasabuvir : A member of the class of pyrimidone, which is (as the monohydrate of its sodium salt) in combination with ombitasvir, paritaprevir and ritonavir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.	9.28	7	1	aromatic ether; naphthalenes; pyrimidone; sulfonamide	antiviral drug; nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitor
omega-agatoxin iva omega-Agatoxin IVA: A neuropeptide toxin from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta. It inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, P-TYPE by altering the voltage-dependent gating so that very large depolarizations are needed for channel opening. It also inhibits CALCIUM CHANNELS, Q-TYPE.	2.4	2	0
toxin ii (anemonia sulcata) toxin II (Anemonia sulcata): toxic polypeptide closely related to anthopleurin A with potent cardiac stimulant activity from Anemonia sulcata; do not confuse with altertoxin II which is also abbreviated ATX II	2.01	1	0
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	3.86	12	0
gastrin-releasing peptide Gastrin-Releasing Peptide: Neuropeptide and gut hormone that helps regulate GASTRIC ACID secretion and motor function. Once released from nerves in the antrum of the STOMACH, the neuropeptide stimulates release of GASTRIN from the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS.	2.66	3	0
kaolinite Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: high ridge), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). kaolin : An aluminosilicate soft white mineral named after the hill in China (Kao-ling) from which it was mined for centuries. In its natural state kaolin is a white, soft powder consisting principally of the mineral kaolinite, and varying amounts of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of china and porcelain and also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, drying agents, and many other products.	3.3	6	0	aluminosilicate mineral; mixture	antidiarrhoeal drug; excipient
clay Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.	8.84	11	0
charybdotoxin [no description available]	2.39	2	0
bismuth oxybromide bismuth oxybromide: bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) nanoplate microspheres were used to remove NO in indoor air under visible light irradiation	4.9	1	1
lead radioisotopes Lead Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of lead that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Pb atoms with atomic weights 194-203, 205, and 209-214 are radioactive lead isotopes.	2.48	2	0
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	4.42	20	0
phytoestrogens Phytoestrogens: Compounds derived from plants, primarily ISOFLAVONES that mimic or modulate endogenous estrogens, usually by binding to ESTROGEN RECEPTORS.	4.99	2	1
chromated copper arsenate chromated copper arsenate: wood preservative; serves as substrate for trimethylarsine biosynthesis; RN given refers to (Cu(+2)[2:3] salt)	2.95	4	0
clomipramine sodium green: a new fluorescent sodium indicator; no further information available 3/96. sodium green : A quaternary ammonium salt that is the tetrakis(N,N,N-trimethylmethammonium) salt of 5-({[4-(13-{4-[({3-carboxy-4-[(2,7-dichloro-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)methyl]phenyl}carbonyl)amino]-2,5-bis(methyloxy)phenyl}-1,4,10-trioxa-7,13-diazacyclopentadecan-7-yl)-2-hydroxy-5-(methyloxy)phenyl]amino}carbonyl)-2-(2,7-dichloro-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	2.92	4	0	quaternary ammonium salt	fluorochrome
asperfuranone asperfuranone: an antineoplastic agent isolated from Aspergillus nidulans; structure in first source. asperfuranone : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 6,7-dihydro-2-benzofuran-4(5H)-one that is substituted at positions 5 and 6 by hydroxy groups, at position 5 by a methyl group and at position 1 by a (2E,4E,6S)-4,6-dimethylocta-2,4-dienoyl group (the 5S,6R-diastereoisomer). A polyketide that was first obtained from the fungus Aspergillus nidulans by using a genomic mining approach.	3.59	8	0	2-benzofurans; cyclic ketone; diol; polyketide; secondary alcohol; tertiary alcohol; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite
okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells.	1.97	1	0	ketal
pentedrone pentedrone: structure in first source	2.21	1	0
doravirine [no description available]	2.21	1	0
vx-970 berzosertib: an ATR kinase inhibitor	2.17	1	0	sulfonamide
pyrethrins [no description available]	2.69	3	0
ledipasvir ledipasvir : A benzimidazole derivative that is used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the trade name Harvoni) for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.	8.47	6	1	azaspiro compound; benzimidazole; bridged compound; carbamate ester; carboxamide; fluorenes; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organofluorine compound	antiviral drug; hepatitis C protease inhibitor
gs-5816 velpatasvir: an NS5A inhibitor used for treating hepatitis C infections. velpatasvir : A complex organic heteropentacyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with sofosbuvir (under the brand name Epclusa) for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C of all six major genotypes.	7.98	10	0	carbamate ester; ether; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heteropentacyclic compound; ring assembly	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor
plecanatide plecanatide: A uroguanylin analog and guanylate cyclase (GC-C receptor) agonist that activates receptors on gut epithelial cells to maintain barrier function, mucus production, and suppress inflammation. It is used in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and other gastrointestinal disorders.	3.61	2	0
(Z)-6,6',7,3'a-Diligustilide levistilide A: isolated from Angelica sinensis, inhibits hepatic stellate cell proliferation; structure in first source	4.23	16	0	butenolide	metabolite
coriaria lactone coriaria lactone: induces convulsions in rats	2.37	2	0
orm-12741 ORM-12741: an alpha-2C adrenoceptor antagonist	5.54	5	1
rome Rome: The capital city of Italy.. (2R)-2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol : A 2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol that has R-configuration. It is a sphingosine kinase-2 inhibitor.	2.44	2	0	2-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)-4-(4-octylphenyl)butan-1-ol	EC 2.7.1.91 (sphingosine kinase) inhibitor
maitotoxin [no description available]	2.38	2	0
saquinavir-no saquinavir-NO: commercially-available synthetic nitric oxide-modified derivative, exerting stronger antitumoral effects but lower toxic adverse effects	2.08	1	0
mk-8742 elbasvir: inhibits NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus. elbasvir : A complex organic heterotetracyclic compound that is a hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor used in combination with grazoprevir (under the brand name Zepatier) for treatment of chronic HCV genotypes 1 or 4 infection in adults.	20.38	163	64	carbamate ester; imidazoles; L-valine derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; organic heterotetracyclic compound; ring assembly	antiviral drug; hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent
3-methylmethcathinone 3-methylmethcathinone: synthetic street drug, structure in first source	2.1	1	0
hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES.	4.9	1	1
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	3.6	8	0
contraceptives, postcoital Contraceptives, Postcoital: Contraceptive substances to be used after COITUS. These agents include high doses of estrogenic drugs; progesterone-receptor blockers; ANTIMETABOLITES; ALKALOIDS, and PROSTAGLANDINS.	2.35	2	0
lysophosphatidylinositol [no description available]	1.97	1	0
lorajmine 17-monochloroacetylajmaline: RN given refers to parent cpd(17R,21alpha)-isomer	1.96	1	0	indole alkaloid
azd3759 [no description available]	2.13	1	0
oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).	2.67	3	0
phthalocyanine phthalocyanine : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that consists of four isoindole-type units, with the connecting carbon atoms in the macrocycle replaced by nitrogen.	2.41	2	0	phthalocyanines; tetrapyrrole fundamental parent
tetraphenylporphine tetraphenylporphyrin: structure in first source	2.25	1	0
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.08	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	3.23	5	0
bassianolide bassianolide: cyclodepsipeptide from mycelia of Beauveria bassiana; inhibits isotonic contractions induced by acetylcholine. bassianolide : A cyclodepsipeptide consisting of a cyclic tetramer of the depsipeptide D-Hiv-N-methyl-L-leucine (where D-Hiv = D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid). Found in the fungal species Beauveria bassiana and Verticillium lecanii, it has insecticidal properties and is used as a commercial biopesticide to control of insects of agricultural, veterinary and medical significance. For elucidation of the structure, see Suzuki et al., Tetrahedron Lett. 1977 v25, 2167-2170.	2.96	4	0	cyclodepsipeptide; cyclooctadepsipeptide	antineoplastic agent; fungal metabolite; insecticide
angiotensin i Angiotensin I: A decapeptide that is cleaved from precursor angiotensinogen by RENIN. Angiotensin I has limited biological activity. It is converted to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME.. angiotensin I : A ten amino acid peptide formed by renin cleavage of angiotensinogen. Angiotensin I has no direct biological function except that high levels can stimulate catecholamine production. It is metabolized to its biologically active byproduct angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) through cleavage of the two terminal amino acids.. angiotensin I dizwitterion : A peptide zwitterion that is the dizwitterionic form of angiotensin I having both carboxy groups deprotonated and the aspartyl amino group and arginine side-chain protonated. It is the major species at pH 7.3.	2.38	2	0	angiotensin; peptide zwitterion	human metabolite; neurotransmitter agent
ascophyllum Ascophyllum: A BROWN ALGAE closely related to FUCUS. It is found attached to rocks and boulders on the middle shore, primarily in the North Atlantic basin.	2.31	1	0
hyaluronoglucosaminidase Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.	2.08	1	0
denudatine [no description available]	1.96	1	0
lithospermic acid lithospermic acid: isolated from Lithospermum ruderale	7.63	43	1
phyllanthoside phyllanthoside: structure	3.07	5	0
rabdosiin rabdosiin: isolated from the stem of Rabdosia Japonica; structure in first source	2	1	0
diospyros Diospyros: A plant genus of the family EBENACEAE, order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida best known for the edible fruit and the antibacterial activity and compounds of the wood.	2.46	2	0
sta 2 STA 2: thromboxane A2 agonist; structure given in first source	1.96	1	0
alpha-viniferin alpha-viniferin: from Caragana chamlagu root; structure given in first source	4.67	26	0
ginkgolide b [no description available]	4.77	10	0
ginkgolide c ginkgolide C: ginkolide; inactive to PAF receptor; structure given in first source	1.97	1	0
tridihexethyl mesaconitine: RN given refers to parent cpd(1alpha,3alpha,6alpha,14alpha,15alpha,16beta)-isomer	2.17	1	0
gibberellins [no description available]	1.94	1	0
moracin p moracin P: structure in first source	3.6	8	0
trichodermin Trichodermin: Antifungal metabolite from several fungi, mainly Trichoderma viride; inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes; proposed as antifungal and antineoplastic; used as tool in cellular biochemistry.. trichodermin : A tetracyclic spiroepoxide which acts as an antifungal and protein synthesis inhibitor.	2.07	1	0
daptomycin [no description available]	2.53	2	0
aldrin Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant.	2.02	1	0
sanggenone c sanggenone C: inhibits TNF-alpha-stimulated adhesion between polymorphonuclear lymphocytes and synovial cells; structure in first source	5.27	15	0
peoniflorin peoniflorin: from Radix and of Paeonia suffruticosa	3.57	8	0
vitamin b 12 Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.	2.03	1	0
aconitine Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.	2.94	4	0
ferric ammonium citrate ferric ammonium citrate: RN given refers to unspecified NH4-Fe(+3) salt. ferric ammonium citrate : A mixture of indefinite composition that contains ferric and ammonium cations and citrate(3-) anions, ferric ammonium citrate may be obtained as red crystals or a brownish yellow powder or as green crystals or powder. It is added to foods as an acidity regulator and anticaking agent. It is also used as a positive oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, and was formerly administered orally as a source of iron for the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia.	2.08	1	0
insulin degludec [no description available]	2.07	1	0
mycorrhizin a mycorrhizin A: from cultures of ascomycete, Lachnum papyraceum; structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	2.72	3	0
selamectin selamectin: a broad-spectrum endectocide; structure in first source	2.06	1	0
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	4.91	8	1
flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.	2.41	1	0
silybin Silybin: The major active component of silymarin flavonoids extracted from seeds of the MILK THISTLE, Silybum marianum; it is used in the treatment of HEPATITIS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; and CHEMICAL AND DRUG INDUCED LIVER INJURY, and has antineoplastic activity; silybins A and B are diastereomers.	2.43	2	0
lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion.	2.37	2	0
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (35-55) [no description available]	2.07	1	0
digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies.	3.22	6	0
protopanaxadiol protopanaxadiol: triterpenoid sapogenin of ginsenosides from leaves of Panax ginseng; has antineoplastic activity; acid hydrolysis results in panaxadiol. protopanaxadiol : A tetracyclic triterpenoid sapogenin (isolated from ginseng) that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 12beta and 20 positions and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position.	2.04	1	0
aminoethyldextran [no description available]	1.99	1	0
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	2.1	1	0
thromboplastin Thromboplastin: Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation.	2.4	2	0
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.87	4	0
l 649923 L 649923: RN refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in first source; leukotriene D4 antagonist	2.67	3	0
amyloid beta-peptides amyloid beta-protein (1-40): although acutely neurotoxic in both rat & monkey cerebral cortex, neuronal degeneration in primates resembles more closely to that found in Alzheimer's disease; amino acid sequence has been determined	3.29	6	0
senkyunolide i senkyunolide I: has antioxidant and anti-migraine activities; isolated from Ligusticum chuanxiong; structure in first source	4.81	28	0
exudates Malaysia: A parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch in southeast Asia, consisting of 11 states (West Malaysia) on the Malay Peninsula and two states (East Malaysia) on the island of BORNEO. It is also called the Federation of Malaysia. Its capital is Kuala Lumpur. Before 1963 it was the Union of Malaya. It reorganized in 1948 as the Federation of Malaya, becoming independent from British Malaya in 1957 and becoming Malaysia in 1963 as a federation of Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore (which seceded in 1965). The form Malay- probably derives from the Tamil malay, mountain, with reference to its geography. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p715 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p329)	3.34	6	0
mutilin mutilin: structure in first source	2.31	1	0
narasin narasin: related to salinomycin & A28086B; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1	0
prajmaline Prajmaline: A derivative of the rauwolfia alkaloid AJMALINE. It is an anti-arrhythmia agent but may cause liver damage.	1.96	1	0
entecavir entecavir (anhydrous) : Guanine substituted at the 9 position by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylidenecyclopentyl group. A synthetic analogue of 2'-deoxyguanosine, it is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with selective antiviral activity against hepatitis B virus. Entecavir is phosphorylated intracellularly to the active triphosphate form, which competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate, the natural substrate of hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase, inhibiting every stage of the enzyme's activity, although it has no activity against HIV. It is used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.	2.03	1	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; primary alcohol; secondary alcohol	antiviral drug; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
levoleucovorin Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.	3.7	1	1	5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	4.24	18	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyguanosine [no description available]	2.76	3	0	purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	2.93	4	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.	2.21	1	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.	3.36	7	0	guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine [no description available]	3.21	6	0	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hypoxanthine [no description available]	2.67	3	0	nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	fundamental metabolite
inosine [no description available]	2.89	4	0	inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
inosine triphosphate Inosine Triphosphate: Inosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). An inosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonym: IRPPP.	2.38	2	0	inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.	2.31	1	0	folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient
3-methyladenine N3-methyladenine: structure in first source	3.05	4	0
guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.	3.95	13	0	nucleoside triphosphate analogue
rifampin Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)	4.51	7	0	cyclic ketal; hydrazone; N-iminopiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; rifamycins; semisynthetic derivative; zwitterion	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiamoebic agent; antineoplastic agent; antitubercular agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; leprostatic drug; neuroprotective agent; pregnane X receptor agonist; protein synthesis inhibitor
clozapine Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.. clozapine : A benzodiazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepine substituted by a chloro group at position 8 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 11. It is a second generation antipsychotic used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia.	4.51	7	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organochlorine compound	adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; GABA antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; xenobiotic
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	2.08	1	0	dacarbazine
olanzapine Olanzapine: A benzodiazepine derivative that binds SEROTONIN RECEPTORS; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTORS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS; and DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. It is an antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA; BIPOLAR DISORDER; and MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; it may also reduce nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing chemotherapy.. olanzapine : A benzodiazepine that is 10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine substituted by a methyl group at position 2 and a 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl group at position 4.	2.04	1	0	benzodiazepine; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine	antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor
pralidoxime pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.	1.98	1	0	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
oxypurinol Oxypurinol: A xanthine oxidase inhibitor.. alloxanthine : A pyrazolopyrimidine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by oxo groups at positions 4 and 6.	4.44	5	1	pyrazolopyrimidine	drug metabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor
zaprinast zaprinast: anaphylaxis inhibitor; structure	2.38	2	0	triazolopyrimidines
allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.	10.73	65	9	nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound	antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger
tegaserod tegaserod: a nonbenzamide 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) agonist; used in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome; marketing suspended 2007 in US due to higher incidence of MI, stroke, and unstable angina; structure given in first source	6.67	15	0	carboxamidine; guanidines; hydrazines; indoles	gastrointestinal drug; serotonergic agonist
norclozapine norclozapine: structure given in first source. N-desmethylclozapine : A dibenzodoazepine substituted with chloro and piperazino groups which is a major metabolite of clozapine; a potent and selective 5-HT2C serotonin receptor antagonist.	1.99	1	0	dibenzodiazepine; organochlorine compound; piperazines	delta-opioid receptor agonist; metabolite; serotonergic antagonist
tak 491 azilsartan medoxomil: an azilsartan prodrug and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker. azilsartan medoxomil : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of azilsartan with the hydroxy group of 4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-1,3-dioxol-2-one. A prodrug for azilsartan, it is used for treatment of hypertension.	2.07	1	0	1,2,4-oxadiazole; aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; carboxylic ester; cyclic carbonate ester; dioxolane	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; prodrug
guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available]	2.71	3	0	nucleoside diphosphate analogue
sildenafil citrate Sildenafil Citrate: A PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE-5 INHIBITOR; VASODILATOR AGENT and UROLOGICAL AGENT that is used in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION and PRIMARY PULMONARY HYPERTENSION.. sildenafil citrate : The citrate salt of sildenafil.	2.61	2	0	citrate salt	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro.	2.66	3	0	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound	muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.72	3	0
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.	2.76	3	0	guanosines	biomarker
clozapine n-oxide clozapine N-oxide: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0	dibenzodiazepine
antipyrylazo iii antipyrylazo III: a metallochromic indicator	2.37	2	0
5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)inosine 5'-(4-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl)inosine: inactivates bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase	2.38	2	0
ns 309 6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime: activates IK and SK calcium-activated channels; structure in first source	2.04	1	0
neoechinulin neoechinulin: structure	2.46	2	0
cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate 2'-3'-cGAMP : A cyclic purine dinucleotide that consists of AMP and GMP units cyclised via 3',5'- and 2',5'-linkages respectively.	2.61	2	0	adenyl ribonucleotide; cyclic purine dinucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide
sta 9090 [no description available]	2.11	1	0	ring assembly; triazoles
dibutyryl cyclic gmp Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.	1.97	1	0
diazo-2 diazo-2: calcium chelator	1.99	1	0
crt 0066101 CRT 0066101: protein kinase D inhibitor with antineoplastic activity	2.25	1	0
lipoteichoic acid lipoteichoic acid: lipopolysaccharides with an acyl group anchored to the cell membrane of gram-positive bacteria; functions as an adhesion molecule to facilitate the binding of bacteria to cells, colonization, and invasion; interacts with CD14 to induce NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine production; can function as surface antigen; inhibits remineraliztion of artificial lesions and surface-softened enamels;. lipoteichoic acid : A teichoic acid which is covalently bound to a lipid.	2.25	1	0
dicitrinin a dicitrinin A: structure in first source	2.46	2	0
avermectin avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.	2.93	4	0
cholestyramine resin Cholestyramine Resin: A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.	7.54	6	3
eye [no description available]	4.86	11	0
angucyclinone angucyclinone: structure in first source	2.25	1	0
concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.	3.38	7	0
dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.	2.41	2	0
hexachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester 2',7'-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester: structure given in first source	1.99	1	0
2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein [no description available]	3.68	10	0
phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.	2.02	1	0
leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage.	3.01	4	0
hopeaphenol hopeaphenol: resveratrol tetramer in wines from North Africa	3.48	7	0
pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O.	3.54	8	0
tetrafluoroaluminate tetrafluoroaluminate: induces inositol phosphate formation	1.97	1	0
phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.	8.32	37	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	7.38	40	1
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	8.46	55	1
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	7.38	40	1
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	8.46	55	1
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	3.55	8	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	3.55	8	0
Atherogenesis [description not available]	5.22	17	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	5.22	17	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	13.33	327	3
Apoplexy [description not available]	11.54	44	6
Bladder, Overactive [description not available]	14.64	56	12
Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)	11.54	44	6
Urinary Bladder, Overactive Symptom of overactive detrusor muscle of the URINARY BLADDER that contracts with abnormally high frequency and urgency. Overactive bladder is characterized by the frequent feeling of needing to urinate during the day, during the night, or both. URINARY INCONTINENCE may or may not be present.	14.64	56	12
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.	2.31	1	0
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available]	10.39	72	4
Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.	10.39	72	4
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	15.15	105	18
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	15.15	105	18
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	17.88	137	19
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	17.88	137	19
Chronic Hepatitis C [description not available]	23.69	380	209
Anoxia, Brain [description not available]	3.01	4	0
Hepatitis C, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	23.69	380	209
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	4.05	12	0
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	4.05	12	0
Atrophy, Muscle [description not available]	3.53	6	0
Muscular Atrophy Derangement in size and number of muscle fibers occurring with aging, reduction in blood supply, or following immobilization, prolonged weightlessness, malnutrition, and particularly in denervation.	3.53	6	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	3.24	5	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	3.24	5	0
Chronic Illness [description not available]	20.55	164	99
Colonic Inertia Symptom characterized by the passage of stool once a week or less.	21.11	171	102
Colicky Pain [description not available]	15.63	53	48
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	20.55	164	99
Constipation Infrequent or difficult evacuation of FECES. These symptoms are associated with a variety of causes, including low DIETARY FIBER intake, emotional or nervous disturbances, systemic and structural disorders, drug-induced aggravation, and infections.	21.11	171	102
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	15.63	53	48
Cerebral Ischemia [description not available]	12.3	100	6
Brain Ischemia Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.	12.3	100	6
Hepatitis, Viral, Non-A, Non-B, Parenterally-Transmitted [description not available]	16.87	72	35
Hepatitis C INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS, a single-stranded RNA virus. Its incubation period is 30-90 days. Hepatitis C is transmitted primarily by contaminated blood parenterally and is often associated with transfusion and intravenous drug abuse. However, in a significant number of cases, the source of hepatitis C infection is unknown.	16.87	72	35
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged [description not available]	4.86	4	2
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	11.51	18	11
Long QT Syndrome A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.	4.86	4	2
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	6.25	23	0
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	5.12	42	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	5.22	3	1
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	3.59	9	0
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available]	7.4	39	1
Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available]	7.83	18	3
Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin.	7.83	18	3
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.	7.4	39	1
Bilharziasis [description not available]	3.64	9	0
Schistosomiasis Infection with flukes (trematodes) of the genus SCHISTOSOMA. Three species produce the most frequent clinical diseases: SCHISTOSOMA HAEMATOBIUM (endemic in Africa and the Middle East), SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI (in Egypt, northern and southern Africa, some West Indies islands, northern 2/3 of South America), and SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM (in Japan, China, the Philippines, Celebes, Thailand, Laos). S. mansoni is often seen in Puerto Ricans living in the United States.	3.64	9	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	5.66	27	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	5.66	27	0
Brain Swelling [description not available]	5.04	15	0
Acute Brain Injuries [description not available]	4.16	15	0
Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available]	3.51	6	0
Brain Edema Increased intracellular or extracellular fluid in brain tissue. Cytotoxic brain edema (swelling due to increased intracellular fluid) is indicative of a disturbance in cell metabolism, and is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic injuries (see HYPOXIA, BRAIN). An increase in extracellular fluid may be caused by increased brain capillary permeability (vasogenic edema), an osmotic gradient, local blockages in interstitial fluid pathways, or by obstruction of CSF flow (e.g., obstructive HYDROCEPHALUS). (From Childs Nerv Syst 1992 Sep; 8(6):301-6)	5.04	15	0
Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.	4.16	15	0
Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	3.51	6	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	10.76	25	2
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	12.24	61	3
Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available]	4.3	6	0
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	10.76	25	2
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	12.24	61	3
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	6.41	22	2
Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	4.3	6	0
Food Poisoning [description not available]	5.73	11	0
Cough A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.	3.23	6	0
Behavior Disorders [description not available]	4.21	3	1
Mental Disorders Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.	4.21	3	1
Acute Hepatic Failure [description not available]	3.93	4	0
Liver Failure, Acute A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.	3.93	4	0
Anoxemia [description not available]	4.11	15	0
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	4.11	15	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	7.77	24	3
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	12.06	165	2
Insulin Sensitivity [description not available]	6.48	15	1
Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.	6.48	15	1
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	3.43	6	0
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	3.43	6	0
Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available]	8.27	25	2
Protein Aggregation, Pathological A biochemical phenomenon in which misfolded proteins aggregate either intra- or extracellularly. Triggered by factors such as MUTATION; POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS, and environmental stress, it is generally associated with ALZHEIMER DISEASE; PARKINSON DISEASE; HUNTINGTON DISEASE; and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.	3.31	5	0
Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75)	8.27	25	2
Biological Clock Disturbances [description not available]	4.15	2	0
Long Sleeper Syndrome [description not available]	5.85	8	0
Depression Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.	8.76	31	2
Sleep Wake Disorders Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.	5.85	8	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	7.27	13	2
Benign Psychomotor Epilepsy, Childhood [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the TEMPORAL LOBE, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321).	2.41	1	0
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	4.81	10	0
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available]	5.37	11	1
Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)	5.37	11	1
Blood Clot [description not available]	5.66	18	1
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	5.66	18	1
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	9.19	35	1
Colorectal Cancer [description not available]	17.16	70	34
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	9.19	35	1
Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.	17.16	70	34
Spermatic Cord Torsion The twisting of the SPERMATIC CORD due to an anatomical abnormality that left the TESTIS mobile and dangling in the SCROTUM. The initial effect of testicular torsion is obstruction of venous return. Depending on the duration and degree of cord rotation, testicular symptoms range from EDEMA to interrupted arterial flow and testicular pain. If blood flow to testis is absent for 4 to 6 h, SPERMATOGENESIS may be permanently lost.	2.75	3	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	8.51	104	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	8.51	104	0
Age-Related Osteoporosis [description not available]	5.11	15	0
Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.	5.11	15	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	3.33	5	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	9.44	79	3
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	9.44	79	3
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	3.99	13	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	3.99	13	0
Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available]	5.88	11	0
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	14.57	114	18
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	14.57	114	18
Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.	5.88	11	0
B16 Melanoma [description not available]	4.29	18	0
Cancer of Rectum [description not available]	7.14	5	1
Rectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.	7.14	5	1
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction [description not available]	8.06	23	4
Cerebral Infarction The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).	8.06	23	4
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	7.47	24	2
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	4.43	21	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	4.43	21	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	10.47	14	1
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	10.47	14	1
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	2.86	3	0
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	2.86	3	0
Gastric Stasis [description not available]	5.95	8	3
Gastroparesis Chronic delayed gastric emptying. Gastroparesis may be caused by motor dysfunction or paralysis of STOMACH muscles or may be associated with other systemic diseases such as DIABETES MELLITUS.	5.95	8	3
Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.	2.69	2	0
Ache [description not available]	5.08	42	0
Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.	5.08	42	0
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	15.07	126	3
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	15.07	126	3
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	12.9	23	12
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	12.9	23	12
Ileus A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.	9.39	8	3
Hyperuricemia Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.	8.21	5	0
Lassitude [description not available]	14.92	44	38
Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.	14.92	44	38
Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.	15.59	56	48
Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course.	9.94	34	5
Extramembranous Glomerulopathy [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.	2.41	1	0
Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION.	4.9	13	0
Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.	3.7	10	0
Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available]	6.78	12	2
Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.	3.7	10	0
Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).	6.78	12	2
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	10.04	11	10
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	10.04	11	10
Atheroma [description not available]	3.98	2	1
Nervous System Disorders [description not available]	7.65	19	1
Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.	7.65	19	1
Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available]	5.24	4	1
Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.	5.24	4	1
Amyloid Deposits [description not available]	4.1	14	0
Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available]	6.08	9	1
Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.	6.08	9	1
Infection, Wound [description not available]	3.6	2	0
Hypomania [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available]	3.83	4	0
Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.	3.83	4	0
Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available]	2.79	3	0
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.	2.79	3	0
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available]	4.35	19	0
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Cognitive Decline [description not available]	8.02	22	2
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	8.98	28	1
Cognitive Dysfunction Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.	8.02	22	2
Cirrhosis [description not available]	6.28	30	1
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	6.28	30	1
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	6.52	16	1
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	3.78	9	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	6.52	16	1
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	3.78	9	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	20.38	228	125
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	20.38	228	125
Cancer of Cervix [description not available]	3.68	9	0
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX.	3.68	9	0
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever [description not available]	3.73	3	0
Break-Bone Fever [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Dengue An acute febrile disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with DENGUE VIRUS. It is self-limiting and characterized by fever, myalgia, headache, and rash. SEVERE DENGUE is a more virulent form of dengue.	2.58	2	0
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola A highly fatal, acute hemorrhagic fever caused by EBOLAVIRUS.	3.73	3	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	5.87	8	1
Cancer of Stomach [description not available]	9.24	17	6
Stomach Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.	9.24	17	6
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	3.58	8	0
Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.	8.67	115	0
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available]	5.93	4	2
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)	5.93	4	2
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic An elevated scar, resembling a KELOID, but which does not spread into surrounding tissues. It is formed by enlargement and overgrowth of cicatricial tissue and regresses spontaneously.	2.6	1	0
Black Fever [description not available]	2.72	2	0
Leishmaniasis, Visceral A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.	2.72	2	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	10.72	25	10
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	10.72	25	10
Amyloid Neuropathy Type 1 [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Amyloid Neuropathies, Familial Inherited disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. The different clinical types based on symptoms correspond to the presence of a variety of mutations in several different proteins including transthyretin (PREALBUMIN); APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; and GELSOLIN.	2.6	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	12.36	33	10
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	12.36	33	10
Metastase [description not available]	8.95	18	3
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	4.49	21	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	8.95	18	3
Allodynia [description not available]	4.42	20	0
Nerve Pain [description not available]	3.6	8	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	6.52	16	1
Neuralgia Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.	3.6	8	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	6.52	16	1
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	9.43	24	4
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	9.43	24	4
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	6.54	18	1
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	4.53	5	1
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	4.53	5	1
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	13.3	48	25
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	13.3	48	25
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	6.56	16	1
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	4.96	8	1
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.	2.69	2	0
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	2.97	4	0
Astrocytosis [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Emesis [description not available]	5.88	13	2
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	5.88	13	2
Aura [description not available]	4.45	8	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	4.45	22	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	4.45	8	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	4.45	22	0
Chronic Kidney Diseases [description not available]	15.01	41	27
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	16.19	47	29
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	16.19	47	29
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)	15.01	41	27
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative [description not available]	5.02	2	1
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method.	5.02	2	1
Grippe [description not available]	2.88	3	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	2.88	3	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	10.84	91	9
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	10.84	91	9
Decreased Muscle Tone [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Mental Retardation, X-Linked A class of genetic disorders resulting in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY that is associated either with mutations of GENES located on the X CHROMOSOME or aberrations in the structure of the X chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS).	2.31	1	0
Buerger Disease [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Ophthalmoplegia, Progressive Supranuclear [description not available]	4.32	4	1
Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive A degenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by balance difficulties; OCULAR MOTILITY DISORDERS (supranuclear ophthalmoplegia); DYSARTHRIA; swallowing difficulties; and axial DYSTONIA. Onset is usually in the fifth decade and disease progression occurs over several years. Pathologic findings include neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss in the dorsal MESENCEPHALON; SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS; RED NUCLEUS; pallidum; dentate nucleus; and vestibular nuclei. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1076-7)	4.32	4	1
Brain Disorders [description not available]	6.98	9	2
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Toxic asphyxiation due to the displacement of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin by carbon monoxide.	6.45	8	2
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	6.98	9	2
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction [description not available]	4.59	5	1
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available]	6.55	18	1
Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)	6.55	18	1
Brain Infarction Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.	4.59	5	1
Hepatic Failure [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Liver Failure Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)	2.74	3	0
Encephalopathy, Traumatic [description not available]	3.11	4	0
Brain Injuries, Traumatic A form of acquired brain injury which occurs when a sudden trauma causes damage to the brain.	3.11	4	0
Malignant Neurilemmoma [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	7.54	15	2
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	3.62	9	0
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	3.62	9	0
Abortion, Tubal [description not available]	3.33	2	0
Abortion, Recurrent [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Abortion, Spontaneous Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.	3.33	2	0
Abortion, Habitual Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.	2.25	1	0
Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available]	3.19	5	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	2.89	3	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.89	3	0
Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA.	3.19	5	0
Cancer of Endocrine Gland [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Endocrine Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS.	3.17	1	0
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular [description not available]	6.5	9	1
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	6.96	20	4
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	6.96	20	4
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies Diabetes complications in which VENTRICULAR REMODELING in the absence of CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS and hypertension results in cardiac dysfunctions, typically LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION. The changes also result in myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial necrosis and fibrosis, and collagen deposition due to impaired glucose tolerance.	2.84	3	0
Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.	2.52	2	0
Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available]	3.56	8	0
Depression, Involutional Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.	16.87	58	26
Depressive Disorder, Major Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)	16.87	58	26
Amaurosis [description not available]	10.45	12	4
Benign Meningeal Neoplasms [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Blindness The inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli. This condition may be the result of EYE DISEASES; OPTIC NERVE DISEASES; OPTIC CHIASM diseases; or BRAIN DISEASES affecting the VISUAL PATHWAYS or OCCIPITAL LOBE.	10.45	12	4
Meningeal Neoplasms Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord.	2.25	1	0
Biliary Cirrhosis [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cholangitis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and decreased bile secretion. Secondary biliary cholangitis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.	3.17	1	0
Multiple System Atrophy Syndrome [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Multiple System Atrophy A syndrome complex composed of three conditions which represent clinical variants of the same disease process: STRIATONIGRAL DEGENERATION; SHY-DRAGER SYNDROME; and the sporadic form of OLIVOPONTOCEREBELLAR ATROPHIES. Clinical features include autonomic, cerebellar, and basal ganglia dysfunction. Pathologic examination reveals atrophy of the basal ganglia, cerebellum, pons, and medulla, with prominent loss of autonomic neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1076; Baillieres Clin Neurol 1997 Apr;6(1):187-204; Med Clin North Am 1999 Mar;83(2):381-92)	2.25	1	0
a-Synucleinopathies [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Leishmania Infection [description not available]	2.81	3	0
Leishmaniasis A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).	2.81	3	0
Acinetobacter Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.	2.25	1	0
Adverse Drug Event [description not available]	8.31	15	5
Adrenal Cancer [description not available]	4.75	7	1
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.	8.31	15	5
Co-infection [description not available]	14.29	29	20
Koch's Disease [description not available]	5	16	0
Tuberculosis Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.	5	16	0
Central Nervous System Disease [description not available]	4.66	6	0
Diseases, Metabolic [description not available]	6.06	11	1
Central Nervous System Diseases Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.	4.66	6	0
Metabolic Diseases Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)	6.06	11	1
Drug-Induced Cochlear Toxicity [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Ototoxicity Damage to the EAR or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	2.25	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	4.35	7	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	4.35	7	0
Cerebral Arteriosclerosis [description not available]	3.64	1	1
Intracranial Arteriosclerosis Vascular diseases characterized by thickening and hardening of the walls of ARTERIES inside the SKULL. There are three subtypes: (1) atherosclerosis with fatty deposits in the ARTERIAL INTIMA; (2) Monckeberg's sclerosis with calcium deposits in the media and (3) arteriolosclerosis involving the small caliber arteries. Clinical signs include HEADACHE; CONFUSION; transient blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX); speech impairment; and HEMIPARESIS.	3.64	1	1
Habit Chorea [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Chronic Motor and Vocal Tic Disorder [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Tourette Syndrome A neuropsychological disorder related to alterations in DOPAMINE metabolism and neurotransmission involving frontal-subcortical neuronal circuits. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics need to be present with TICS occurring many times a day, nearly daily, over a period of more than one year. The onset is before age 18 and the disturbance is not due to direct physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition. The disturbance causes marked distress or significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. (From DSM-IV, 1994; Neurol Clin 1997 May;15(2):357-79)	2.25	1	0
Tics Habitual, repeated, rapid contraction of certain muscles, resulting in stereotyped individualized actions that can be voluntarily suppressed for only brief periods. They often involve the face, vocal cords, neck, and less often the extremities. Examples include repetitive throat clearing, vocalizations, sniffing, pursing the lips, and excessive blinking. Tics tend to be aggravated by emotional stress. When frequent they may interfere with speech and INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS. Conditions which feature frequent and prominent tics as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as TIC DISORDERS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp109-10)	2.25	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	3.79	10	0
Chronic Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction [description not available]	6.12	6	1
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	3.7	1	1
Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction A type of ILEUS, a functional not mechanical obstruction of the INTESTINES. This syndrome is caused by a large number of disorders involving the smooth muscles (MUSCLE, SMOOTH) or the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	6.12	6	1
Thromboembolism, Venous [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	6.57	11	1
Shingles [description not available]	3.17	1	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	6.57	11	1
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	10.33	21	3
Herpes Zoster An acute infectious, usually self-limited, disease believed to represent activation of latent varicella-zoster virus (HERPESVIRUS 3, HUMAN) in those who have been rendered partially immune after a previous attack of CHICKENPOX. It involves the SENSORY GANGLIA and their areas of innervation and is characterized by severe neuralgic pain along the distribution of the affected nerve and crops of clustered vesicles over the area. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	3.17	1	0
Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.	6.75	6	4
Venous Thromboembolism Obstruction of a vein or VEINS (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.	3.17	1	0
Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available]	5.06	10	1
Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis.	5.06	10	1
Urge Incontinence [description not available]	3.42	2	0
Bowel Incontinence [description not available]	9.12	7	4
Fecal Incontinence Failure of voluntary control of the anal sphincters, with involuntary passage of feces and flatus.	9.12	7	4
Urinary Incontinence Involuntary loss of URINE, such as leaking of urine. It is a symptom of various underlying pathological processes. Major types of incontinence include URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE and URINARY STRESS INCONTINENCE.	15.25	42	12
Urinary Incontinence, Urge Involuntary discharge of URINE that is associated with an abrupt and strong desire to void. It is usually related to the involuntary contractions of the detrusor muscle of the bladder (detrusor hyperreflexia or detrusor instability).	3.42	2	0
Cirrhoses, Experimental Liver [description not available]	3.17	5	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	9.32	93	4
Recrudescence [description not available]	13.35	56	18
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	4.27	6	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	4.27	6	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	6.16	32	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	7	55	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	6.16	32	0
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	7	55	0
Lipidoses Conditions characterized by abnormal lipid deposition due to disturbance in lipid metabolism, such as hereditary diseases involving lysosomal enzymes required for lipid breakdown. They are classified either by the enzyme defect or by the type of lipid involved.	3.76	11	0
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.	3.75	10	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	2.85	3	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	2.85	3	0
Microsatellite Instability The occurrence of highly polymorphic mono- and dinucleotide MICROSATELLITE REPEATS in somatic cells. It is a form of genome instability associated with defects in DNA MISMATCH REPAIR.	4.33	3	1
Neointima The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.	2.63	2	0
Hyperlipemia [description not available]	8.2	24	1
Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.	8.2	24	1
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	4.14	3	1
Click-Murmur Syndrome [description not available]	4.71	2	1
Nearsightedness [description not available]	3.7	1	1
Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available]	7.03	6	3
Dermatoses [description not available]	8.07	21	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	4.14	3	1
Myopia A refractive error in which rays of light entering the EYE parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the RETINA when accommodation (ACCOMMODATION, OCULAR) is relaxed. This results from an overly curved CORNEA or from the eyeball being too long from front to back. It is also called nearsightedness.	3.7	1	1
Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.	7.03	6	3
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	8.07	21	1
Anhedonia Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).	2.31	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	3.63	9	0
Anoxia-Ischemia, Brain [description not available]	3.17	5	0
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain A disorder characterized by a reduction of oxygen in the blood combined with reduced blood flow (ISCHEMIA) to the brain from a localized obstruction of a cerebral artery or from systemic hypoperfusion. Prolonged hypoxia-ischemia is associated with ISCHEMIC ATTACK, TRANSIENT; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN EDEMA; COMA; and other conditions.	3.17	5	0
Basal Cell Cancer [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	8.26	6	5
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	6.97	5	3
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	6.31	7	2
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	6.97	5	3
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	6.31	7	2
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	5.72	33	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	5.72	33	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	6.57	7	1
Cardiac Death [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Diathesis [description not available]	5.78	4	2
Infections, Coronavirus [description not available]	7.84	4	4
Acute Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis [description not available]	5.52	2	2
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	7.21	12	2
Peripheral Arterial Diseases [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Allergic Rhinitis [description not available]	4.92	2	1
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [description not available]	5.07	2	1
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	8	5	4
Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available]	7.03	11	1
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	5.76	7	1
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	6.69	13	1
Catarrh Inflammation of a mucous membrane with increased flow of mucous in humans or animals. Catarrh is used mostly in a historical context.	4.72	1	1
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	7.67	9	1
E coli Infections [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Cancer of Esophagus [description not available]	5.52	2	2
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	4.9	2	1
Berger Disease [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	9.56	55	3
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	9.95	50	3
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	11.36	27	8
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	5	3	1
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	5.08	3	1
MS (Multiple Sclerosis) [description not available]	6.11	6	1
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	6.84	13	2
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	7.29	4	2
Shock, Cardiogenic Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.	4.72	1	1
Sinus Infections [description not available]	5.26	2	1
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	8.96	18	3
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	5.88	8	1
Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available]	4.72	1	1
Low Back Ache [description not available]	4.81	2	1
Bucket Handle Tears [description not available]	4.88	2	1
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer.	5.07	2	1
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	5.76	7	1
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	6.69	13	1
Common Cold A catarrhal disorder of the upper respiratory tract, which may be viral or a mixed infection. It generally involves a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.	4.72	1	1
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	6.12	6	2
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	12.67	9	1
Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.	4.72	1	1
Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.	5.52	2	2
Glomerulonephritis, IGA A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.	4.72	1	1
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	9.56	55	3
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	9.95	50	3
Intermittent Claudication A symptom complex characterized by pain and weakness in SKELETAL MUSCLE group associated with exercise, such as leg pain and weakness brought on by walking. Such muscle limpness disappears after a brief rest and is often relates to arterial STENOSIS; muscle ISCHEMIA; and accumulation of LACTATE.	5.19	4	1
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	11.36	27	8
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	5	3	1
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	5.08	3	1
Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)	6.11	6	1
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	7.07	30	1
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	6.84	13	2
Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.	7.84	4	4
Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.	4.99	3	1
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	7.29	4	2
Sinusitis Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.	5.26	2	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	8.96	18	3
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	5.88	8	1
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method.	4.72	1	1
Low Back Pain Acute or chronic pain in the lumbar or sacral regions, which may be associated with musculo-ligamentous SPRAINS AND STRAINS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT; and other conditions.	4.81	2	1
Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE).	7.84	4	4
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting The most common clinical variant of MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, characterized by recurrent acute exacerbations of neurologic dysfunction followed by partial or complete recovery. Common clinical manifestations include loss of visual (see OPTIC NEURITIS), motor, sensory, or bladder function. Acute episodes of demyelination may occur at any site in the central nervous system, and commonly involve the optic nerves, spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp903-914)	5.52	2	2
Sarcopenia Progressive decline in muscle mass due to aging which results in decreased functional capacity of muscles.	4.72	1	1
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	7.21	12	2
Peripheral Arterial Disease Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.	4.72	1	1
Acute Pain Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.	4.72	1	1
Rhinitis, Allergic An inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA triggered by ALLERGENS.	4.92	2	1
Vascular Calcification Deposition of calcium into the blood vessel structures. Excessive calcification of the vessels are associated with ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES formation particularly after MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (see MONCKEBERG MEDIAL CALCIFIC SCLEROSIS) and chronic kidney diseases which in turn increase VASCULAR STIFFNESS.	2.25	1	0
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.	2.54	2	0
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease [description not available]	3.9	4	0
Huntington Disease A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)	3.9	4	0
Agrammatic Broca Aphasia [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Devic Disease [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Neuromyelitis Optica A syndrome characterized by acute OPTIC NEURITIS; MYELITIS, TRANSVERSE; demyelinating and/or necrotizing lesions in the OPTIC NERVES and SPINAL CORD; and presence of specific autoantibodies to AQUAPORIN 4.	2.25	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	8.04	30	2
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	8.04	30	2
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available]	3.02	4	0
Demineralization, Tooth [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	5.67	19	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	5.67	19	0
Wasting Disease [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Cachexia General ill health, malnutrition, and weight loss, usually associated with chronic disease.	2.31	1	0
Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Retinal Degeneration A retrogressive pathological change in the retina, focal or generalized, caused by genetic defects, inflammation, trauma, vascular disease, or aging. Degeneration affecting predominantly the macula lutea of the retina is MACULAR DEGENERATION. (Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p304)	2.66	3	0
Cancer of Gallbladder [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Gallbladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.	2.54	2	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	2.74	3	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	2.74	3	0
Bone Cancer [description not available]	3.25	5	0
Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.	3.25	5	0
Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.	3.63	9	0
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Sepsis Associated Delirium [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Inadequate Sleep [description not available]	3.48	2	0
Hypopharyngeal Cancer [description not available]	2.66	2	0
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the HYPOPHARYNX.	2.66	2	0
Deafness, Transitory [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Hearing Loss A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.	7.58	2	0
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.	3.38	7	0
Altitude Hypoxia Low ambient oxygen tension associated with ALTITUDE.	2.31	1	0
Altitude Sickness Multiple symptoms associated with reduced oxygen at high ALTITUDE.	2.31	1	0
Allergic Encephalomyelitis [description not available]	3.6	8	0
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, T Cell [description not available]	3.27	6	0
Leukemia, T-Cell A malignant disease of the T-LYMPHOCYTES in the bone marrow, thymus, and/or blood.	3.27	6	0
Auricular Fibrillation [description not available]	13.72	90	13
Atrial Fibrillation Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.	13.72	90	13
Atherosclerotic Parkinsonism [description not available]	3.63	9	0
MPTP Neurotoxicity Syndrome [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Parkinson Disease, Secondary Conditions which feature clinical manifestations resembling primary Parkinson disease that are caused by a known or suspected condition. Examples include parkinsonism caused by vascular injury, drugs, trauma, toxin exposure, neoplasms, infections and degenerative or hereditary conditions. Clinical features may include bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and masked facies. In general, tremor is less prominent in secondary parkinsonism than in the primary form. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch38, pp39-42)	3.63	9	0
Nasal Polyps Focal accumulations of EDEMA fluid in the NASAL MUCOSA accompanied by HYPERPLASIA of the associated submucosal connective tissue. Polyps may be NEOPLASMS, foci of INFLAMMATION, degenerative lesions, or malformations.	2.31	1	0
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	4.3	19	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	8.75	41	1
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	5.74	7	3
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	5.74	7	3
Suffocation [description not available]	2.31	1	0
Asystole [description not available]	3.99	14	0
Asphyxia A pathological condition caused by lack of oxygen, manifested in impending or actual cessation of life.	2.31	1	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	3.99	14	0
Hemorrhagic Stroke Stroke due to rupture of a weakened blood vessel in the brain (e.g., CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES; CEREBELLUM; SUBARACHNOID SPACE).	2.31	1	0
Chronic Insomnia [description not available]	10.5	15	3
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.	10.5	15	3
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	2.83	3	0
Lung Injury, Acute [description not available]	3.06	4	0
Wounds, Penetrating Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin.	2.31	1	0
Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).	3.06	4	0
17p11.2 Monosomy [description not available]	3.7	1	1
Smith-Magenis Syndrome Complex neurobehavioral disorder characterized by distinctive facial features (FACIES), developmental delay and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Behavioral phenotypes include sleep disturbance, maladaptive, self-injurious and attention-seeking behaviors. The sleep disturbance is linked to an abnormal circadian secretion pattern of MELATONIN. The syndrome is associated with de novo deletion or mutation and HAPLOINSUFFICIENCY of the retinoic acid-induced 1 protein on chromosome 17p11.2.	3.7	1	1
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	3.67	3	0
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.	2.85	3	0
Amnesia-Memory Loss [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Amnesia Pathologic partial or complete loss of the ability to recall past experiences (AMNESIA, RETROGRADE) or to form new memories (AMNESIA, ANTEROGRADE). This condition may be of organic or psychologic origin. Organic forms of amnesia are usually associated with dysfunction of the DIENCEPHALON or HIPPOCAMPUS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp426-7)	2.73	3	0
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	5.3	6	2
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	5.3	6	2
Prodromal Characteristics [description not available]	3.23	1	0
Amentia [description not available]	5.98	5	1
Dementia An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.	5.98	5	1
Acoustic Trauma Usually refer to hearing loss due to a single noise event such as an explosion or shotgun blast.	2.31	1	0
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced Hearing loss due to exposure to explosive loud noise or chronic exposure to sound level greater than 85 dB. The hearing loss is often in the frequency range 4000-6000 hertz.	2.31	1	0
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.98	4	0
Diabetic Nephropathies KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.	2.98	4	0
Ejaculatio Praecox [description not available]	4.18	3	1
Premature Ejaculation The emission of SEMEN and seminal fluid during the act of preparation for sexual intercourse, i.e. before there is penetration, or shortly after penetration.	4.18	3	1
Injuries, Radiation [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Teratogenesis The formation of CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES.	2.15	1	0
Impotence [description not available]	2.96	4	0
Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.	2.96	4	0
Chronic Liver Failure [description not available]	7.78	5	4
End Stage Liver Disease Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.	7.78	5	4
Anasarca [description not available]	7.93	47	1
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	7.93	47	1
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available]	5.04	9	1
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.	5.04	9	1
Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.	2.15	1	0
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	9.25	12	9
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	9.25	12	9
Disease Resistance The capacity of an organism to defend itself against pathological processes or the agents of those processes. This most often involves innate immunity whereby the organism responds to pathogens in a generic way. The term disease resistance is used most frequently when referring to plants.	2.53	2	0
Lacerations Torn, ragged, mangled wounds.	2.15	1	0
Arachnoidal Cerebellar Sarcoma, Circumscribed [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.71	3	0
Medulloblastoma A malignant neoplasm that may be classified either as a glioma or as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood (see NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR, PRIMITIVE). The tumor occurs most frequently in the first decade of life with the most typical location being the cerebellar vermis. Histologic features include a high degree of cellularity, frequent mitotic figures, and a tendency for the cells to organize into sheets or form rosettes. Medulloblastoma have a high propensity to spread throughout the craniospinal intradural axis. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2060-1)	2.15	1	0
Bladder Cancer [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.	2.87	4	0
Chemical Dependence [description not available]	4.69	10	0
Substance-Related Disorders Disorders related to substance use or abuse.	4.69	10	0
Chloracne ACNE-like skin eruptions caused by exposure to CHLORINE-containing compounds. Exposure can be by inhalation, ingestion, or through the skin. Chloracne is often seen in people who have occupational contact with chlorinated pesticides, wood preservatives, and sealants.	3.41	2	0
Cataract, Membranous [description not available]	4.78	12	0
Cataract Partial or complete opacity on or in the lens or capsule of one or both eyes, impairing vision or causing blindness. The many kinds of cataract are classified by their morphology (size, shape, location) or etiology (cause and time of occurrence). (Dorland, 27th ed)	4.78	12	0
Depression, Endogenous [description not available]	5.69	8	0
Depressive Disorder An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.	5.69	8	0
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	2.15	1	0
Oral Submucous Fibrosis Irreversible FIBROSIS of the submucosal tissue of the MOUTH.	4.19	3	1
Chickungunya Fever [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Scurf [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Dandruff Excessive shedding of dry scaly material from the scalp in humans.	2.15	1	0
Adipocere [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Alopecia Cicatrisata [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Alopecia Absence of hair from areas where it is normally present.	2.41	2	0
Esophageal Reflux [description not available]	6.99	4	4
Gastroesophageal Reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.	6.99	4	4
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.	4.87	7	1
Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning A condition caused by ingestion of shellfish contaminated by domoic acid-producing diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia.	2.15	1	0
Hepatic Insufficiency Conditions in which the LIVER functions fall below the normal ranges. Severe hepatic insufficiency may cause LIVER FAILURE or DEATH. Treatment may include LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.	4.45	1	1
Autoimmune Disease [description not available]	5.55	6	1
Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME).	2.15	1	0
Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.	5.55	6	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	8.66	94	1
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	4.09	14	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	4.09	14	0
Rotavirus Infections Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.	2.17	1	0
Infarct [description not available]	2.15	1	0
Bladder Neck Obstruction [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	8.1	19	2
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	8.1	19	2
Cerebral Microangiopathies [description not available]	5.16	3	1
Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases Pathological processes or diseases where cerebral MICROVESSELS show abnormalities. They are often associated with aging, hypertension and risk factors for lacunar infarcts (see LACUNAR INFARCTION); LEUKOARAIOSIS; and CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE.	5.16	3	1
Abnormal Movements [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Atrial Remodeling Long-term changes in the electrophysiological parameters and/or anatomical structures of the HEART ATRIA that result from prolonged changes in atrial rate, often associated with ATRIAL FIBRILLATION or long periods of intense EXERCISE.	2.17	1	0
Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome [description not available]	11.69	19	5
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes.	11.69	19	5
Enterovirus Infections Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.	2.4	2	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	4.46	5	1
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	4.46	5	1
Hypermelanosis [description not available]	2.54	2	0
Hyperpigmentation Excessive pigmentation of the skin, usually as a result of increased epidermal or dermal melanin pigmentation, hypermelanosis. Hyperpigmentation can be localized or generalized. The condition may arise from exposure to light, chemicals or other substances, or from a primary metabolic imbalance.	2.54	2	0
Air Sickness [description not available]	3.56	1	1
Motion Sickness Disorder caused by motion. It includes sea sickness, train sickness, roller coaster rides, rocking chair, hammock swing, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and/or dizziness.	3.56	1	1
Arrhythmia [description not available]	17.06	297	32
Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.	17.06	297	32
Muscle Disorders [description not available]	5.8	4	2
Plant Poisoning Poisoning by the ingestion of plants or its leaves, berries, roots or stalks. The manifestations in both humans and animals vary in severity from mild to life threatening. In animals, especially domestic animals, it is usually the result of ingesting moldy or fermented forage.	5.38	7	2
Caprine Diseases [description not available]	4.74	3	2
Muscular Diseases Acquired, familial, and congenital disorders of SKELETAL MUSCLE and SMOOTH MUSCLE.	5.8	4	2
American Trypanosomiasis [description not available]	4.58	9	0
Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.	4.58	9	0
Autoimmune Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Hepatitis, Autoimmune A chronic self-perpetuating hepatocellular INFLAMMATION of unknown cause, usually with HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA and serum AUTOANTIBODIES.	2.17	1	0
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	2.42	2	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	3.63	9	0
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	3.63	9	0
Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.	2.47	2	0
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid [description not available]	4.43	8	0
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.	4.43	8	0
Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available]	3.93	4	0
Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.	3.93	4	0
Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.	2.69	3	0
Dermatomyositis, Adult Type [description not available]	2.17	1	0
Dermatomyositis A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)	2.17	1	0
Viremia The presence of viruses in the blood.	3.56	1	1
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	2.7	3	0
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.	2.21	1	0
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Embolus [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Embolism Blocking of a blood vessel by an embolus which can be a blood clot or other undissolved material in the blood stream.	2.45	2	0
Centriacinar Emphysema [description not available]	2.58	2	0
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	3.21	5	0
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	3.21	5	0
Edema, Pulmonary [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.	2.92	4	0
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Fibromyalgia A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)	2.21	1	0
Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available]	3.11	5	0
Peripheral Nerve Diseases [description not available]	6.06	29	0
Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)	3.11	5	0
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.	6.06	29	0
Infections, Prosthesis-Related [description not available]	4.51	1	1
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	5.25	2	2
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	6.37	27	0
Suicidal Ideation A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.	2.51	2	0
Autosomal Hemophilia A [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Hemophilia A The classic hemophilia resulting from a deficiency of factor VIII. It is an inherited disorder of blood coagulation characterized by a permanent tendency to hemorrhage.	2.53	2	0
Nephrotic Syndrome A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.	2.21	1	0
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diseases due to or propagated by sexual contact.	4.51	1	1
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.	2.47	2	0
Lung Adenocarcinoma [description not available]	2.83	3	0
Adenocarcinoma of Lung A carcinoma originating in the lung and the most common lung cancer type in never-smokers. Malignant cells exhibit distinct features such as glandular epithelial, or tubular morphology. Mutations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ERBB2 genes are associated with this cancer.	2.83	3	0
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available]	12.75	25	25
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.	12.75	25	25
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	3.06	5	0
Apnea, Obstructive Sleep [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. The respiratory pauses may induce HYPERCAPNIA or HYPOXIA. Cardiac arrhythmias and elevation of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures may occur. Frequent partial arousals occur throughout sleep, resulting in relative SLEEP DEPRIVATION and daytime tiredness. Associated conditions include OBESITY; ACROMEGALY; MYXEDEMA; micrognathia; MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY; adenotonsilar dystrophy; and NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p395)	2.21	1	0
Graft-Versus-Host Disease [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Graft vs Host Disease The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.	2.21	1	0
Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like.	2.76	3	0
Cerebral Concussion [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Brain Concussion A nonspecific term used to describe transient alterations or loss of consciousness following closed head injuries. The duration of UNCONSCIOUSNESS generally lasts a few seconds, but may persist for several hours. Concussions may be classified as mild, intermediate, and severe. Prolonged periods of unconsciousness (often defined as greater than 6 hours in duration) may be referred to as post-traumatic coma (COMA, POST-HEAD INJURY). (From Rowland, Merritt's Textbook of Neurology, 9th ed, p418)	3.12	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	3.39	7	0
Leukemia, Lymphoblastic, Acute, T Cell [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and young adults and characterized LYMPHADENOPATHY and THYMUS GLAND involvement. It most frequently presents as a lymphoma, but a leukemic progression in the bone marrow is common.	2.21	1	0
Genome Instability [description not available]	2.53	2	0
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	2.97	4	0
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	2.97	4	0
Bile Duct Obstruction [description not available]	2.73	3	0
Cholestasis Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).	2.73	3	0
Delirium of Mixed Origin [description not available]	3.12	1	0
Delirium A disorder characterized by CONFUSION; inattentiveness; disorientation; ILLUSIONS; HALLUCINATIONS; agitation; and in some instances autonomic nervous system overactivity. It may result from toxic/metabolic conditions or structural brain lesions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp411-2)	3.12	1	0
Clinically Isolated CNS Demyelinating Syndrome [description not available]	2.92	4	0
Demyelinating Diseases Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.	7.92	4	0
Arterial Diseases, Carotid [description not available]	3.78	2	1
Carotid Artery Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.	3.78	2	1
Retinal Diseases Diseases involving the RETINA.	2.89	4	0
Bleeding [description not available]	4.18	6	0
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	4.18	6	0
Restless Leg Syndrome [description not available]	2.21	1	0
Restless Legs Syndrome A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.	2.21	1	0
Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available]	2.48	2	0
Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)	2.48	2	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	2.93	4	0
Community Acquired Infection [description not available]	2.48	2	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	2.51	2	0
Granulomas [description not available]	3.09	5	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	3.09	5	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	11.16	29	14
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	11.16	29	14
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	10.99	123	11
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	10.99	123	11
Leukemia P388 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.	3.7	10	0
Respiratory Syndrome, Acute, Severe [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.	2.08	1	0
Acne [description not available]	10.82	10	0
Hay Fever [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Porphyria [description not available]	4.94	14	0
Acne Vulgaris A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.	5.82	10	0
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS.	2.39	2	0
Porphyrias A diverse group of metabolic diseases characterized by errors in the biosynthetic pathway of HEME in the LIVER, the BONE MARROW, or both. They are classified by the deficiency of specific enzymes, the tissue site of enzyme defect, or the clinical features that include neurological (acute) or cutaneous (skin lesions). Porphyrias can be hereditary or acquired as a result of toxicity to the hepatic or erythropoietic marrow tissues.	4.94	14	0
Hearing Loss, High-Frequency Hearing loss in frequencies above 1000 hertz.	2.08	1	0
Iron Overload An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)	2.08	1	0
Symptom Cluster [description not available]	4.95	9	1
Intestinal Obstruction Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.	4.07	5	0
Syndrome A characteristic symptom complex.	4.95	9	1
Hypothermia, Accidental [description not available]	3.27	6	0
Hypothermia Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.	3.27	6	0
Psychoses, Drug [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Acathisia, Drug-Induced [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Cannabis Abuse [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Marijuana Abuse Use of marijuana associated with abnormal psychological, social, and or occupational functioning.	2.08	1	0
Stillbirth The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.	2.48	2	0
Thrombopenia [description not available]	6.6	9	6
Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.	6.6	9	6
Malignant Mesothelioma [description not available]	3.47	1	1
Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available]	3.47	1	1
Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed)	4.14	3	1
Aqueductal Stenosis [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	3.57	9	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	3.57	9	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	4.74	7	1
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	4.74	7	1
Paranoia [description not available]	3	1	0
Tachyarrhythmia [description not available]	14.85	195	15
Tachycardia Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.	14.85	195	15
Hallucination of Body Sensation [description not available]	2.52	2	0
Hallucinations Subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real. They may be of organic origin or associated with MENTAL DISORDERS.	2.52	2	0
Cardiometabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components not only include metabolic dysfunctions of METABOLIC SYNDROME but also HYPERTENSION, and ABDOMINAL OBESITY.	3.15	5	0
Metabolic Syndrome A cluster of symptoms that are risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome include ABDOMINAL OBESITY; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state.	3.15	5	0
Bleb [description not available]	3.79	2	1
Infections, Plasmodium [description not available]	2.95	4	0
Malaria A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.	2.95	4	0
Adult-Onset Dystonias [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Dystonic Disorders Acquired and inherited conditions that feature DYSTONIA as a primary manifestation of disease. These disorders are generally divided into generalized dystonias (e.g., dystonia musculorum deformans) and focal dystonias (e.g., writer's cramp). They are also classified by patterns of inheritance and by age of onset.	2.08	1	0
Bladder Diseases [description not available]	9.62	10	1
Nycturia [description not available]	3.4	2	0
Nocturia Frequent URINATION at night that interrupts sleep. It is often associated with outflow obstruction, DIABETES MELLITUS, or bladder inflammation (CYSTITIS).	3.4	2	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	4.1	5	0
Cold Fingers, Hereditary [description not available]	4.4	1	1
Raynaud Disease An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.	4.4	1	1
Candida Infection [description not available]	3.28	6	0
Candidiasis Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)	3.28	6	0
Colitis, Mucous [description not available]	7.81	11	1
Irritable Bowel Syndrome A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.	7.81	11	1
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma A carcinoma that originates in the EPITHELIUM of the NASOPHARYNX and includes four subtypes: keratinizing squamous cell, non-keratinizing, basaloid squamous cell, and PAPILLARY ADENOCARCINOMA. It is most prevalent in Southeast Asian populations and is associated with EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS. Somatic mutations associated with this cancer have been identified in NPCR, BAP1, UBAP1, ERBB2, ERBB3, MLL2, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, and ARID1A genes.	2.1	1	0
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	3.58	9	0
Cancer of Nasopharynx [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	3.58	9	0
Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.	2.38	2	0
Autism [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Autistic Disorder A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)	2.5	2	0
Coagulation, Disseminated Intravascular [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation A disorder characterized by procoagulant substances entering the general circulation causing a systemic thrombotic process. The activation of the clotting mechanism may arise from any of a number of disorders. A majority of the patients manifest skin lesions, sometimes leading to PURPURA FULMINANS.	2.1	1	0
Acute Post-operative Pain [description not available]	6.75	6	4
Pain, Postoperative Pain during the period after surgery.	6.75	6	4
ARC [description not available]	2.11	1	0
AIDS-Related Complex A prodromal phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Laboratory criteria separating AIDS-related complex (ARC) from AIDS include elevated or hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses, compared to depressed or normal antibody reactivity in AIDS; follicular or mixed hyperplasia in ARC lymph nodes, leading to lymphocyte degeneration and depletion more typical of AIDS; evolving succession of histopathological lesions such as localization of Kaposi's sarcoma, signaling the transition to the full-blown AIDS.	2.11	1	0
MELAS [description not available]	2.1	1	0
MELAS Syndrome A mitochondrial disorder characterized by focal or generalized seizures, episodes of transient or persistent neurologic dysfunction resembling strokes, and ragged-red fibers on muscle biopsy. Affected individuals tend to be normal at birth through early childhood, then experience growth failure, episodic vomiting, and recurrent cerebral insults resulting in visual loss and hemiparesis. The cortical lesions tend to occur in the parietal and occipital lobes and are not associated with vascular occlusion. VASCULAR HEADACHE is frequently associated and the disorder tends to be familial. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch56, p117)	2.1	1	0
Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Systemic [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome A systemic inflammatory response to a variety of clinical insults, characterized by two or more of the following conditions: (1) fever	2.1	1	0
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Myotonic Dystrophy Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2.	2.11	1	0
Sterility, Male [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Infertility, Male The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.	2.47	2	0
Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.	2.38	2	0
Allergic Conjunctivitis [description not available]	4.05	5	0
Conjunctivitis, Allergic Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.	4.05	5	0
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic [description not available]	3.66	3	0
Hypercapnia A clinical manifestation of abnormal increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.	2.1	1	0
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.	3.66	3	0
Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available]	2.75	3	0
Acute Coronary Syndrome An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.1	1	0
Fecal Impaction Formation of a firm impassable mass of stool in the RECTUM or distal COLON.	4.8	2	1
Adhesions, Tissue [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Drug Overdose Accidental or deliberate use of a medication or street drug in excess of normal dosage.	2.5	2	0
Hypertension, Renal Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.	2.91	4	0
Nephritis Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.	2.41	2	0
Sore Throat [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Group A Strep Infection [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Pharyngitis Inflammation of the throat (PHARYNX).	2.11	1	0
Streptococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.	2.11	1	0
Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.	5.12	17	0
Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	4.36	7	0
Uveitis Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.42	2	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	5.36	2	2
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	5.36	2	2
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavioral Disorders [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.	2.11	1	0
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	3.37	7	0
Fra(X) Syndrome [description not available]	2.51	2	0
Fragile X Syndrome A condition characterized genotypically by mutation of the distal end of the long arm of the X chromosome (at gene loci FRAXA or FRAXE) and phenotypically by cognitive impairment, hyperactivity, SEIZURES, language delay, and enlargement of the ears, head, and testes. INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY occurs in nearly all males and roughly 50% of females with the full mutation of FRAXA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p226)	2.51	2	0
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS.	3.16	5	0
Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN.	3.16	5	0
Bone Fractures [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Fractures, Bone Breaks in bones.	2.1	1	0
Bilateral Headache [description not available]	14.49	52	45
Headache The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.	14.49	52	45
Granuloma, Hodgkin [description not available]	3.88	2	1
Duncan Disease [description not available]	3.81	2	1
Hodgkin Disease A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.	3.88	2	1
Lymphoproliferative Disorders Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.	3.81	2	1
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	4.51	5	1
Prediabetes [description not available]	3.5	1	1
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	4.51	5	1
Prediabetic State The time period before the development of symptomatic diabetes. For example, certain risk factors can be observed in subjects who subsequently develop INSULIN RESISTANCE as in type 2 diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	3.5	1	1
Abdominal Migraine [description not available]	6.24	10	4
Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1)	6.24	10	4
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Poisoning Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.	8.49	23	3
Goldblatt Syndrome [description not available]	2.43	2	0
Hypertension, Renovascular Hypertension due to RENAL ARTERY OBSTRUCTION or compression.	2.43	2	0
Ventricular Dysfunction A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.	2.46	2	0
Overweight A status with BODY WEIGHT that is above certain standards. In the scale of BODY MASS INDEX, overweight is defined as having a BMI of 25.0-29.9 kg/m2. Overweight may or may not be due to increases in body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE), hence overweight does not equal over fat.	2.11	1	0
Ciliophora Infections Infections with protozoa of the phylum CILIOPHORA.	2.11	1	0
Autism Spectrum Disorder Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)	2.11	1	0
Alcohol Abuse [description not available]	3.66	3	0
Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)	3.66	3	0
Prostatism Lower urinary tract symptom, such as slow urinary stream, associated with PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA in older men.	3.03	1	0
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	2.11	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	4.05	15	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	4.05	15	0
Asymptomatic Conditions [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Adult Spinal Muscular Atrophy [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Muscular Atrophy, Spinal A group of disorders marked by progressive degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord resulting in weakness and muscular atrophy, usually without evidence of injury to the corticospinal tracts. Diseases in this category include Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and later onset SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES OF CHILDHOOD, most of which are hereditary. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	2.11	1	0
Abdominal Cryptorchidism [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Diffuse Lymphocytic Lymphoma, Poorly-Differentiated [description not available]	3.92	2	1
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	3.51	1	1
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	3.51	1	1
Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. It accounts for about 5% of adult non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States and Europe. The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1).	3.92	2	1
Mastitis, Bovine INFLAMMATION of the UDDER in cows.	2.13	1	0
Branch Vein Occlusion [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Retinal Vein Occlusion Blockage of the RETINAL VEIN. Those at high risk for this condition include patients with HYPERTENSION; DIABETES MELLITUS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; and other CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.	2.11	1	0
Infectious Skin Diseases [description not available]	4.41	1	1
Skin Diseases, Infectious Skin diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, parasites, or viruses.	4.41	1	1
Lymphoma, T Cell, Peripheral [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral A group of malignant lymphomas thought to derive from peripheral T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes and other nonlymphoid sites. They include a broad spectrum of lymphocyte morphology, but in all instances express T-cell markers admixed with epithelioid histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. Although markedly similar to large-cell immunoblastic lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, LARGE-CELL, IMMUNOBLASTIC), this group's unique features warrant separate treatment.	2.13	1	0
Abdominal Obesity [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	4.52	9	0
Chromosomal Translocation [description not available]	2.46	2	0
Itching [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	2.13	1	0
Colonic Diverticulosis [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	4.17	3	1
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	4.17	3	1
Toxoplasmosis, Animal Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.	2.48	2	0
Blastocyst Disintegration [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Infections, Orthomyxoviridae [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Orthomyxoviridae Infections Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	2.11	1	0
Polyarthritis [description not available]	3.46	8	0
Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of JOINTS.	3.46	8	0
Lesion of Sciatic Nerve [description not available]	2.78	3	0
Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available]	9.94	10	10
Blood Pressure, Low [description not available]	3.77	11	0
Hypotension Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.	3.77	11	0
Colonic Diseases Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	3.04	1	0
Visceral Pain Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN.	2.13	1	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	3.62	3	0
Dermatitis Any inflammation of the skin.	2.41	2	0
Aldosteronism with Hyperplasia of the Adrenal Cortex [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Cancer of Head [description not available]	4.35	4	1
Head and Neck Neoplasms Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)	4.35	4	1
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	3.5	8	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	3.5	8	0
Chondrosarcoma A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.71	3	0
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas [description not available]	4.04	5	0
Cystic Fibrosis An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.	4.04	5	0
Algodystrophic Syndrome [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy A syndrome characterized by severe burning pain in an extremity accompanied by sudomotor, vasomotor, and trophic changes in bone without an associated specific nerve injury. This condition is most often precipitated by trauma to soft tissue or nerve complexes. The skin over the affected region is usually erythematous and demonstrates hypersensitivity to tactile stimuli and erythema. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1360; Pain 1995 Oct;63(1):127-33)	2.13	1	0
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes [description not available]	3.53	1	1
Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.	3.53	1	1
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	2.13	1	0
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	2.7	3	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.15	1	0
ATLL [description not available]	2.5	2	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.15	1	0
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell Aggressive T-Cell malignancy with adult onset, caused by HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1. It is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean basin, Southeastern United States, Hawaii, and parts of Central and South America and sub-Saharan Africa.	2.5	2	0
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	2.15	1	0
Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of inherited abnormalities in blood coagulation.	4.45	1	1
Ascites Accumulation or retention of free fluid within the peritoneal cavity.	2.15	1	0
Catatonic Rigidity [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Muscle Rigidity Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction which is often a manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from MUSCLE SPASTICITY. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p73)	2.4	2	0
Gouty Arthritis [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Arthritis, Gouty Arthritis, especially of the great toe, as a result of gout. Acute gouty arthritis often is precipitated by trauma, infection, surgery, etc. The initial attacks are usually monoarticular but later attacks are often polyarticular. Acute and chronic gouty arthritis are associated with accumulation of MONOSODIUM URATE in and around affected joints.	2.4	2	0
Keratoderma Blennorrhagicum [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Nail Abnormalities [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Keratosis Any horny growth such as a wart or callus.	2.66	3	0
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	9.93	32	2
Thyrotoxicosis A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.	3.36	2	0
Chronic Pancreatitis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Pancreatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.	2.05	1	0
Insect Bites [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Insect Bites and Stings Bites and stings inflicted by insects.	2.04	1	0
Pericementitis [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Periodontitis Inflammation and loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. This may involve any part of the PERIODONTIUM. Periodontitis is currently classified by disease progression (CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS; AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS) instead of age of onset. (From 1999 International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions, American Academy of Periodontology)	2.04	1	0
Joint Pain [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Blood Diseases [description not available]	3.8	2	1
Hematologic Diseases Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.	3.8	2	1
Arthralgia Pain in the joint.	2.04	1	0
Asialia [description not available]	6.76	6	4
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	6.76	6	4
Constriction, Pathological [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.	2.4	2	0
Trypanosomiasis Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.	2.04	1	0
Sensation Disorders Disorders of the special senses (i.e., VISION; HEARING; TASTE; and SMELL) or somatosensory system (i.e., afferent components of the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM).	2.05	1	0
Anterior Horn Cell Disease [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Motor Neuron Disease Diseases characterized by a selective degeneration of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brainstem, or motor cortex. Clinical subtypes are distinguished by the major site of degeneration. In AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS there is involvement of upper, lower, and brainstem motor neurons. In progressive muscular atrophy and related syndromes (see MUSCULAR ATROPHY, SPINAL) the motor neurons in the spinal cord are primarily affected. With progressive bulbar palsy (BULBAR PALSY, PROGRESSIVE), the initial degeneration occurs in the brainstem. In primary lateral sclerosis, the cortical neurons are affected in isolation. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1089)	2.05	1	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	4	5	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	4	5	0
Cerebellar Diseases Diseases that affect the structure or function of the cerebellum. Cardinal manifestations of cerebellar dysfunction include dysmetria, GAIT ATAXIA, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	2.4	2	0
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia An acquired or hereditary condition due to deficiency in the formation of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS). It is usually characterized by defective, thin, or malformed DENTAL ENAMEL. Risk factors for enamel hypoplasia include gene mutations, nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and environmental factors.	3.36	2	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	6.22	19	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	5.35	14	1
Cancer of Pelvis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Cocaine Abuse [description not available]	4.67	6	1
Cocaine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.	4.67	6	1
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.	2.71	3	0
Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome A complex systemic syndrome with inflammatory and autoimmune components that affect the skin, fascia, muscle, nerve, blood vessels, lung, and heart. Diagnostic features generally include EOSINOPHILIA, myalgia severe enough to limit usual activities of daily living, and the absence of coexisting infectious, autoimmune or other conditions that may induce eosinophilia. Biopsy of affected tissue reveals a microangiopathy associated with diffuse inflammation involving connective tissue. (From Spitzer et al., J Rheumatol Suppl 1996 Oct;46:73-9; Blackburn WD, Semin Arthritis Rheum 1997 Jun;26(6):788-93)	2.96	1	0
Deep Vein Thrombosis [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion Obstruction of the flow in the SPLANCHNIC CIRCULATION by ATHEROSCLEROSIS; EMBOLISM; THROMBOSIS; STENOSIS; TRAUMA; and compression or intrinsic pressure from adjacent tumors. Rare causes are drugs, intestinal parasites, and vascular immunoinflammatory diseases such as PERIARTERITIS NODOSA and THROMBOANGIITIS OBLITERANS. (From Juergens et al., Peripheral Vascular Diseases, 5th ed, pp295-6)	2.05	1	0
Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein.	2.44	2	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	3.32	2	0
Interstitial Nephritis [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Nephritis, Interstitial Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.	2.38	2	0
Hepatitis, Animal INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in non-human animals.	2.05	1	0
Affective Disorders [description not available]	3.36	2	0
Mood Disorders Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.	3.36	2	0
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	10.82	8	1
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia.	2.05	1	0
Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.	2.44	2	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Endometrial Hyperplasia Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.	2.05	1	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	2.41	2	0
Parodontosis [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Histomoniasis [description not available]	2.96	1	0
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	2.96	1	0
Amphetamine Abuse [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.	2.05	1	0
Glycosuria The appearance of an abnormally large amount of GLUCOSE in the urine, such as more than 500 mg/day in adults. It can be due to HYPERGLYCEMIA or genetic defects in renal reabsorption (RENAL GLYCOSURIA).	2.05	1	0
Filoviridae Infections Infections with viruses of the family FILOVIRIDAE. The infections in humans consist of a variety of clinically similar viral hemorrhagic fevers but the natural reservoir host is unknown.	2.05	1	0
Marburg Disease [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Marburg Virus Disease An RNA virus infection of rhesus, vervet, and squirrel monkeys transmissible to man.	2.05	1	0
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.05	1	0
Developmental Coordination Disorder [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	2.05	1	0
Absence Status [description not available]	2.47	2	0
Status Epilepticus A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)	2.47	2	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	2.97	1	0
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	2.45	2	0
Action Tremor [description not available]	4.58	10	0
Milk Sickness An acute, often fatal disease caused by the ingestion of milk, milk products, or the flesh of cattle or sheep which have a disease known as trembles. It is marked by weakness, anorexia, vomiting, constipation, and sometimes muscular tremors. It is caused by poisoning by white snakeroot (Eupatorium rugosum) and the rayless goldenrod (Haplopappus heterophyllus). (From Dorland, 27th ed)	2.37	2	0
Tremor Cyclical movement of a body part that can represent either a physiologic process or a manifestation of disease. Intention or action tremor, a common manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES, is aggravated by movement. In contrast, resting tremor is maximal when there is no attempt at voluntary movement, and occurs as a relatively frequent manifestation of PARKINSON DISEASE.	4.58	10	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	2.71	3	0
Cystitis Inflammation of the URINARY BLADDER, either from bacterial or non-bacterial causes. Cystitis is usually associated with painful urination (dysuria), increased frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain.	2.05	1	0
Elevated Cholesterol [description not available]	3.26	6	0
Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.	3.26	6	0
Jet Lag [description not available]	2.97	1	0
Dry Eye [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye.	3.78	11	0
Dry Eye Syndromes Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.	2.06	1	0
Coma A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.	2.4	2	0
Chromosomal Breakage [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Chromosomal Fragility [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	2.88	4	0
Fetal Growth Restriction [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH.	2.42	2	0
Cranial Nerve VII Injuries [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Sex Disorders [description not available]	10.79	11	9
Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological Physiological disturbances in normal sexual performance in either the male or the female.	10.79	11	9
Bradyarrhythmia [description not available]	8.09	20	2
Bradycardia Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.	8.09	20	2
Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.	2.45	2	0
T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes.	2.7	3	0
Encephalopathy, Hepatic [description not available]	3.32	2	0
Hepatic Encephalopathy A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)	3.32	2	0
Acrania [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Neural Tube Defects Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)	2.06	1	0
Pink Eye [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Conjunctivitis INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.	2.06	1	0
Embryopathies [description not available]	2.4	2	0
Leukokeratosis Leukoplakic lesions related to abnormal keratin fiber formation.	2.06	1	0
Leukoplakia A white patch lesion found on a MUCOUS MEMBRANE that cannot be scraped off. Leukoplakia is generally considered a precancerous condition, however its appearance may also result from a variety of HEREDITARY DISEASES.	2.06	1	0
Endotoxin Shock [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Shock, Septic Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.	2.91	4	0
Pain, Chronic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Chronic Pain Aching sensation that persists for more than a few months. It may or may not be associated with trauma or disease, and may persist after the initial injury has healed. Its localization, character, and timing are more vague than with acute pain.	2.06	1	0
Electron Transport Chain Deficiencies, Mitochondrial [description not available]	2.77	3	0
Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed)	2.46	2	0
Mitochondrial Diseases Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.	2.77	3	0
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	2.45	2	0
Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available]	2.69	3	0
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	2.45	2	0
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.	2.69	3	0
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia [description not available]	6.27	4	2
Ventricular Fibrillation A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.	10.14	54	4
Tachycardia, Ventricular An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).	6.27	4	2
Neuralgia, Sciatic [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Sciatica A condition characterized by pain radiating from the back into the buttock and posterior/lateral aspects of the leg. Sciatica may be a manifestation of SCIATIC NEUROPATHY; RADICULOPATHY (involving the SPINAL NERVE ROOTS; L4, L5, S1, or S2, often associated with INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DISPLACEMENT); or lesions of the CAUDA EQUINA.	2.06	1	0
Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction Functional obstruction of the COLON leading to MEGACOLON in the absence of obvious COLONIC DISEASES or mechanical obstruction. When this condition is acquired, acute, and coexisting with another medical condition (trauma, surgery, serious injuries or illness, or medication), it is called Ogilvie's syndrome.	4.15	3	1
Cardiac Arrest, Sudden [description not available]	5.01	3	1
Death, Sudden, Cardiac Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)	5.01	3	1
Auricular Flutter [description not available]	10.74	31	6
Atrial Flutter Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES).	10.74	31	6
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies [description not available]	2.99	1	0
Myositis Inflammation of a muscle or muscle tissue.	2.99	1	0
Angioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of blood or lymphatic vessels that forms a tumor-like mass. Vessels in the angioma may or may not be dilated.	2.07	1	0
Hemangioma A vascular anomaly due to proliferation of BLOOD VESSELS that forms a tumor-like mass. The common types involve CAPILLARIES and VEINS. It can occur anywhere in the body but is most frequently noticed in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. (from Stedman, 27th ed, 2000)	2.07	1	0
Spinal Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue in the SPINE.	2.07	1	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	4.06	3	0
Alcohol Problem [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Alcohol-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of alcohol.	2.07	1	0
Alcoholic Hepatitis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Hepatitis, Alcoholic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER due to ALCOHOL ABUSE. It is characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES, infiltration by NEUTROPHILS, and deposit of MALLORY BODIES. Depending on its severity, the inflammatory lesion may be reversible or progress to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.	2.07	1	0
Parasitemia The presence of parasites (especially malarial parasites) in the blood. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.45	2	0
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	3.58	9	0
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	3.58	9	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Mucositis An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).	2.08	1	0
Hypertriglyceridemia A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.	2.07	1	0
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome [description not available]	2.06	1	0
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome A complex disorder characterized by infertility, HIRSUTISM; OBESITY; and various menstrual disturbances such as OLIGOMENORRHEA; AMENORRHEA; ANOVULATION. Polycystic ovary syndrome is usually associated with bilateral enlarged ovaries studded with atretic follicles, not with cysts. The term, polycystic ovary, is misleading.	2.06	1	0
Hyperphagia Ingestion of a greater than optimal quantity of food.	2.07	1	0
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	4.26	19	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	4.26	19	0
Premenstrual Tension A term used to describe the psychological aspects of PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME, such as the indescribable tension, depression, hostility, and increased seizure activity in women with seizure disorder.	2.07	1	0
Premenstrual Syndrome A combination of distressing physical, psychologic, or behavioral changes that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of PMS are diverse (such as pain, water-retention, anxiety, cravings, and depression) and they diminish markedly 2 or 3 days after the initiation of menses.	2.07	1	0
Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available]	3.1	5	0
Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA.	3.1	5	0
Angiitis [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Vasculitis Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	2.07	1	0
Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Pneumovirus infections caused by the RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUSES. Humans and cattle are most affected but infections in goats and sheep have been reported.	2.07	1	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	2.07	1	0
Wallerian Degeneration Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH.	2.07	1	0
Frigidity [description not available]	9.7	9	9
Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological Disturbances in sexual desire and the psychophysiologic changes that characterize the sexual response cycle and cause marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. (APA, DSM-IV, 1994)	9.7	9	9
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans Common occlusive arterial disease which is caused by ATHEROSCLEROSIS. It is characterized by lesions in the innermost layer (ARTERIAL INTIMA) of arteries including the AORTA and its branches to the extremities. Risk factors include smoking, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, and HYPERTENSION.	2.08	1	0
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy [description not available]	2.08	1	0
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	2.08	1	0
Dysesthesia [description not available]	5.53	6	1
Pelvic Floor Diseases [description not available]	3	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis B [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Hepatitis B, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by HEPATITIS B VIRUS lasting six months or more. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	3.39	1	1
Allergy, Egg [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Smoking Cessation Discontinuing the habit of SMOKING.	3.8	2	0
Burning Mouth Syndrome A group of painful oral symptoms associated with a burning or similar sensation. There is usually a significant organic component with a degree of functional overlay; it is not limited to the psychophysiologic group of disorders.	2.01	1	0
Diaphragmatic Hernia [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Bradykinesia [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Cancer, Radiation-Induced [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Papilloma, Squamous Cell [description not available]	3.21	6	0
Papilloma A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.21	6	0
Basal Ganglia Diseases Diseases of the BASAL GANGLIA including the PUTAMEN; GLOBUS PALLIDUS; claustrum; AMYGDALA; and CAUDATE NUCLEUS. DYSKINESIAS (most notably involuntary movements and alterations of the rate of movement) represent the primary clinical manifestations of these disorders. Common etiologies include CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.	4.62	6	1
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	7.26	17	1
Coronary Restenosis Recurrent narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery following surgical procedures performed to alleviate a prior obstruction.	2.93	1	0
A-V Dissociation [description not available]	6.61	20	1
Hypospermatogenesis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Colonic Diseases, Functional Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.	4.63	4	0
Urination Disorders Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.	6.44	5	2
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians [description not available]	6.75	43	0
Abnormalities, Teeth [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Bacterial Skin Diseases [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Skin Diseases, Bacterial Skin diseases caused by bacteria.	2.33	2	0
Pyoderma Any purulent skin disease (Dorland, 27th ed).	3.03	5	0
Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Clostridium tetani Infection [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Diphtheria A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.	1.93	1	0
Tetanus A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.	2.33	2	0
Viral Diseases [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses.	2.35	2	0
Angor Pectoris [description not available]	12.71	103	14
Angina Pectoris The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.	12.71	103	14
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	2.87	4	0
Icterus [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	1.94	1	0
Jaundice A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.	1.94	1	0
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	5.13	11	0
Pulmonary Consumption [description not available]	2.33	2	0
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.	2.33	2	0
Craniofacial Pain [description not available]	4.72	2	1
Facial Pain Pain in the facial region including orofacial pain and craniofacial pain. Associated conditions include local inflammatory and neoplastic disorders and neuralgic syndromes involving the trigeminal, facial, and glossopharyngeal nerves. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent facial pain as the primary manifestation of disease are referred to as FACIAL PAIN SYNDROMES.	4.72	2	1
Scrofuloderma [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Abnormalities, Skin [description not available]	2.93	1	0
Skin Abnormalities Congenital structural abnormalities of the skin.	2.93	1	0
Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.41	2	0
Glaucoma An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)	2.02	1	0
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Lupus Vulgaris A form of cutaneous tuberculosis. It is seen predominantly in women and typically involves the NASAL MUCOSA; BUCCAL MUCOSA; and conjunctival mucosa.	2.34	2	0
Congenital Epulides [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice.	2.43	2	0
Day Blindness [description not available]	4.39	8	0
Glomerulonephritis, Lupus [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Lupus Nephritis Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).	2.39	2	0
Proteinuria The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	3.07	5	0
Endotoxemia A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.	2.41	2	0
Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.	2.4	2	0
Air Embolism [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available]	2.9	4	0
Right Ventricular Dysfunction [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.	2.9	4	0
Hypomenorrhea [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Cataleptic Attacks [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Hypermyotonia [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Fasciolopsiasis [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Eye Disorders [description not available]	9.41	35	2
Eye Diseases Diseases affecting the eye.	9.41	35	2
Teeth, Impacted [description not available]	4.32	1	1
Hypertrophy General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).	2.91	4	0
Mucositis, Oral [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Stomatitis INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.	3.76	2	1
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	2.03	1	0
Becker Muscular Dystrophy [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne An X-linked recessive muscle disease caused by an inability to synthesize DYSTROPHIN, which is involved with maintaining the integrity of the sarcolemma. Muscle fibers undergo a process that features degeneration and regeneration. Clinical manifestations include proximal weakness in the first few years of life, pseudohypertrophy, cardiomyopathy (see MYOCARDIAL DISEASES), and an increased incidence of impaired mentation. Becker muscular dystrophy is a closely related condition featuring a later onset of disease (usually adolescence) and a slowly progressive course. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1415)	2.03	1	0
Abnormalities, Musculoskeletal [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.	2.39	2	0
Adenoma, Hepatocellular [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	2.38	2	0
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	2.03	1	0
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	2.03	1	0
Angiospasm, Intracranial [description not available]	2.42	2	0
Vasospasm, Intracranial Constriction of arteries in the SKULL due to sudden, sharp, and often persistent smooth muscle contraction in blood vessels. Intracranial vasospasm results in reduced vessel lumen caliber, restricted blood flow to the brain, and BRAIN ISCHEMIA that may lead to hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HYPOXIA-ISCHEMIA, BRAIN).	2.42	2	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Milk Fever, Animal [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Hypocalcemia Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.03	1	0
Endometrial Diseases [description not available]	2.95	1	0
Uterine Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the UTERUS.	2.95	1	0
Bladder Disorder, Neurogenic [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic Dysfunction of the URINARY BLADDER due to disease of the central or peripheral nervous system pathways involved in the control of URINATION. This is often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, but may also be caused by BRAIN DISEASES or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES.	2.44	2	0
Deficiency, Vitamin E [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Leukemia L 1210 [description not available]	3.59	9	0
Diseases of Immune System [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Immune System Diseases Disorders caused by abnormal or absent immunologic mechanisms, whether humoral, cell-mediated, or both.	2.94	1	0
Diseases of Endocrine System [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Endocrine System Diseases Pathological processes of the ENDOCRINE GLANDS, and diseases resulting from abnormal level of available HORMONES.	2.03	1	0
Dyskinesia, Medication-Induced [description not available]	3.24	6	0
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced Abnormal movements, including HYPERKINESIS; HYPOKINESIA; TREMOR; and DYSTONIA, associated with the use of certain medications or drugs. Muscles of the face, trunk, neck, and extremities are most commonly affected. Tardive dyskinesia refers to abnormal hyperkinetic movements of the muscles of the face, tongue, and neck associated with the use of neuroleptic agents (see ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1199)	3.24	6	0
Urinary Incontinence, Stress Involuntary discharge of URINE as a result of physical activities that increase abdominal pressure on the URINARY BLADDER without detrusor contraction or overdistended bladder. The subtypes are classified by the degree of leakage, descent and opening of the bladder neck and URETHRA without bladder contraction, and sphincter deficiency.	2.94	1	0
Corneal Angiogenesis [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Corneal Neovascularization New blood vessels originating from the corneal blood vessels and extending from the limbus into the adjacent CORNEAL STROMA. Neovascularization in the superficial and/or deep corneal stroma is a sequel to numerous inflammatory diseases of the ocular anterior segment, such as TRACHOMA, viral interstitial KERATITIS, microbial KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS, and the immune response elicited by CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION.	2.03	1	0
Glaucoma, Suspect [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Ocular Hypertension A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.	2.68	3	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	2.67	3	0
Inborn Errors of Metabolism [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Metabolism, Inborn Errors Errors in metabolic processes resulting from inborn genetic mutations that are inherited or acquired in utero.	2.65	3	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Tooth Diseases Diseases involving the TEETH.	2.03	1	0
Dental Diseases [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Hypospadias A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.	3.32	2	0
Sterility, Female [description not available]	2.04	1	0
Infertility, Female Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.	2.04	1	0
Gout Metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of URIC ACID calculi.	11.31	82	13
Amelia [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Auricular Cancer [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Ear Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of any part of the hearing and equilibrium system of the body (the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR).	1.94	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	10.33	42	2
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	10.33	42	2
Anomalous Ventricular Excitation Syndrome [description not available]	10.23	36	3
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also known as a BUNDLE OF KENT. The inherited form can be caused by mutation of PRKAG2 gene encoding a gamma-2 regulatory subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase.	10.23	36	3
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications [description not available]	3.21	6	0
Arrhythmia, Sinoatrial [description not available]	4.6	6	1
Coagulation Disorders, Blood [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Blood Coagulation Disorders Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders that occur as a consequence of abnormalities in blood coagulation due to a variety of factors such as COAGULATION PROTEIN DISORDERS; BLOOD PLATELET DISORDERS; BLOOD PROTEIN DISORDERS or nutritional conditions.	2.36	2	0
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	9.01	41	1
Angina at Rest [description not available]	4.67	2	1
Angina, Unstable Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	4.67	2	1
Allergic Alveolitis, Extrinsic [description not available]	3.21	6	0
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	4.67	11	0
Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.	3.21	6	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	4.67	11	0
Epididymitis Inflammation of the EPIDIDYMIS. Its clinical features include enlarged epididymis, a swollen SCROTUM; PAIN; PYURIA; and FEVER. It is usually related to infections in the URINARY TRACT, which likely spread to the EPIDIDYMIS through either the VAS DEFERENS or the lymphatics of the SPERMATIC CORD.	2.65	3	0
Prinzmetal Angina [description not available]	4.03	3	1
Angina Pectoris, Variant A clinical syndrome characterized by the development of CHEST PAIN at rest with concomitant transient ST segment elevation in the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM, but with preserved exercise capacity.	4.03	3	1
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	4.85	8	1
Cardiac Complex, Premature [description not available]	6.1	17	2
Hyperthyroid [description not available]	10.09	67	3
Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.	10.09	67	3
Anemia, Hemolytic, Acquired [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Anemia, Hemolytic A condition of inadequate circulating red blood cells (ANEMIA) or insufficient HEMOGLOBIN due to premature destruction of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES).	1.96	1	0
Anterior Fascicular Block [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	5.37	5	1
Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE).	2.87	4	0
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	5.37	5	1
Emergencies Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.	2.36	2	0
Corneal Diseases Diseases of the cornea.	5.74	34	0
Angioma, Sclerosing [description not available]	2.88	1	0
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous A benign tumor composed, wholly or in part, of cells with the morphologic characteristics of HISTIOCYTES and with various fibroblastic components. Fibrous histiocytomas can occur anywhere in the body. When they occur in the skin, they are called dermatofibromas or sclerosing hemangiomas. (From DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, p1747)	2.88	1	0
Paroxysmal Reciprocal Tachycardia [description not available]	8.15	34	2
Tachycardia, Paroxysmal Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation.	8.15	34	2
Cardiomyopathy, Chagas [description not available]	5.61	10	2
Chagas Cardiomyopathy A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY.	5.61	10	2
Arterial Obstructive Diseases [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.	3.76	2	1
Venous Insufficiency Impaired venous blood flow or venous return (venous stasis), usually caused by inadequate venous valves. Venous insufficiency often occurs in the legs, and is associated with EDEMA and sometimes with VENOUS STASIS ULCERS at the ankle.	3.35	1	1
Thrombocytopathy [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Blood Platelet Disorders Disorders caused by abnormalities in platelet count or function.	1.96	1	0
Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC).	2.88	4	0
Coronary Artery Vasospasm [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Coronary Vasospasm Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.	2.37	2	0
Infection [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	1.96	1	0
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	3.58	9	0
Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).	1.96	1	0
Hydronephrosis Abnormal enlargement or swelling of a KIDNEY due to dilation of the KIDNEY CALICES and the KIDNEY PELVIS. It is often associated with obstruction of the URETER or chronic kidney diseases that prevents normal drainage of urine into the URINARY BLADDER.	3.35	7	0
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	3.58	9	0
Myxedema A condition characterized by a dry, waxy type of swelling (EDEMA) with abnormal deposits of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and other tissues. It is caused by a deficiency of THYROID HORMONES. The skin becomes puffy around the eyes and on the cheeks. The face is dull and expressionless with thickened nose and lips.	2.36	2	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	1.96	1	0
Pneumonia, Lipid Pneumonia due to aspiration or inhalation of various oily or fatty substances.	2.37	2	0
Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions.	3.06	5	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	2.87	4	0
Leukoma [description not available]	5.04	10	1
Corneal Opacity Disorder occurring in the central or peripheral area of the cornea. The usual degree of transparency becomes relatively opaque.	5.04	10	1
Agranulocytosis A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).	1.96	1	0
Melena The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.	3.35	1	1
Anorexia The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.	2.66	3	0
Shock, Traumatic Shock produced as a result of trauma.	1.96	1	0
Equine Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Basedow Disease [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Graves Disease A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).	2.36	2	0
Complication, Intraoperative [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Arthropathies [description not available]	2.86	4	0
Joint Diseases Diseases involving the JOINTS.	2.86	4	0
Bacterial Endocarditides [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Endocarditis, Bacterial Inflammation of the ENDOCARDIUM caused by BACTERIA that entered the bloodstream. The strains of bacteria vary with predisposing factors, such as CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS; HEART VALVE DISEASES; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; or intravenous drug use.	1.96	1	0
Breathlessness [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Hypotension, Postural [description not available]	3.75	2	1
Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing.	2.37	2	0
Hypotension, Orthostatic A significant drop in BLOOD PRESSURE after assuming a standing position. Orthostatic hypotension is a finding, and defined as a 20-mm Hg decrease in systolic pressure or a 10-mm Hg decrease in diastolic pressure 3 minutes after the person has risen from supine to standing. Symptoms generally include DIZZINESS, blurred vision, and SYNCOPE.	3.75	2	1
Fetal Death Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.	3.05	5	0
Cholangitis Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.	1.96	1	0
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available]	5.3	7	2
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.	5.3	7	2
Hypokalemia Abnormally low potassium concentration in the blood. It may result from potassium loss by renal secretion or by the gastrointestinal route, as by vomiting or diarrhea. It may be manifested clinically by neuromuscular disorders ranging from weakness to paralysis, by electrocardiographic abnormalities (depression of the T wave and elevation of the U wave), by renal disease, and by gastrointestinal disorders. (Dorland, 27th ed)	4.44	5	1
Facial Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the FACE.	3.07	5	0
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	1.95	1	0
Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Respiratory Insufficiency Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)	1.95	1	0
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	2.37	2	0
Bone Marrow Diseases Diseases involving the BONE MARROW.	1.96	1	0
Drop Attack [description not available]	4.44	5	1
Syncope A transient loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished blood flow to the brain (i.e., BRAIN ISCHEMIA). Presyncope refers to the sensation of lightheadedness and loss of strength that precedes a syncopal event or accompanies an incomplete syncope. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp367-9)	4.44	5	1
Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities.	1.96	1	0
Phlegmasia Alba Dolens Inflammation that is characterized by swollen, pale, and painful limb. It is usually caused by DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS in a FEMORAL VEIN, following PARTURITION or an illness. This condition is also called milk leg or white leg.	3.05	5	0
Thrombophlebitis Inflammation of a vein associated with a blood clot (THROMBUS).	3.05	5	0
Alcoholic Fatty Liver [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Achromatopsia Severely deficient color perception, typically with monochromacy and reduced visual acuity. The atypical form can include normal visual acuity with pseudomonochromacy.	1.96	1	0
Color Vision Defects Defects of color vision are mainly hereditary traits but can be secondary to acquired or developmental abnormalities in the CONES (RETINA). Severity of hereditary defects of color vision depends on the degree of mutation of the ROD OPSINS genes (on X CHROMOSOME and CHROMOSOME 3) that code the photopigments for red, green and blue.	1.96	1	0
Eye Manifestations Ocular disorders attendant upon non-ocular disease or injury.	2.87	1	0
Skin Manifestations Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.	2.87	1	0
Mitral Incompetence [description not available]	3.75	2	1
Mitral Valve Insufficiency Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.	3.75	2	1
Eyelid Diseases Diseases involving the EYELIDS.	1.96	1	0
Varices [description not available]	4.25	4	1
Varicose Veins Enlarged and tortuous VEINS.	4.25	4	1
Cardiac Neurosis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Sick Sinus Node Syndrome [description not available]	3.57	3	0
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	1.95	1	0
Aortic Incompetence [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Aortic Valve Insufficiency Pathological condition characterized by the backflow of blood from the ASCENDING AORTA back into the LEFT VENTRICLE, leading to regurgitation. It is caused by diseases of the AORTIC VALVE or its surrounding tissue (aortic root).	1.96	1	0
Encephalitis, Venezuelan Equine [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Encephalitis, Equine [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.	1.96	1	0
Bouillaud Disease [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Rheumatic Heart Disease Cardiac manifestation of systemic rheumatological conditions, such as RHEUMATIC FEVER. Rheumatic heart disease can involve any part the heart, most often the HEART VALVES and the ENDOCARDIUM.	2.36	2	0
Deficiency, Protein [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Urinary Calculi Low-density crystals or stones in any part of the URINARY TRACT. Their chemical compositions often include CALCIUM OXALATE, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), CYSTINE, or URIC ACID.	4.66	2	1
MODS [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Multiple Organ Failure A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.	1.98	1	0
Rhabdomyosarcoma A malignant solid tumor arising from mesenchymal tissues which normally differentiate to form striated muscle. It can occur in a wide variety of sites. It is divided into four distinct types: pleomorphic, predominantly in male adults; alveolar (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, ALVEOLAR), mainly in adolescents and young adults; embryonal (RHABDOMYOSARCOMA, EMBRYONAL), predominantly in infants and children; and botryoidal, also in young children. It is one of the most frequently occurring soft tissue sarcomas and the most common in children under 15. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p2186; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1647-9)	2.38	2	0
Craniocerebral Injuries [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Craniocerebral Trauma Traumatic injuries involving the cranium and intracranial structures (i.e., BRAIN; CRANIAL NERVES; MENINGES; and other structures). Injuries may be classified by whether or not the skull is penetrated (i.e., penetrating vs. nonpenetrating) or whether there is an associated hemorrhage.	2.38	2	0
Dermatitis, Occupational A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.	4.86	8	0
Inhalation Injury, Smoke [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Ocular Hypotension Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).	2.68	3	0
Decerebrate Posturing [description not available]	3.47	8	0
Acute Kidney Tubular Necrosis [description not available]	2.67	3	0
Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute Acute kidney failure resulting from destruction of EPITHELIAL CELLS of the KIDNEY TUBULES. It is commonly attributed to exposure to toxic agents or renal ISCHEMIA following severe TRAUMA.	2.67	3	0
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	2.68	3	0
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	2.68	3	0
Stunted Growth [description not available]	3.31	2	0
Growth Disorders Deviations from the average values for a specific age and sex in any or all of the following: height, weight, skeletal proportions, osseous development, or maturation of features. Included here are both acceleration and retardation of growth.	3.31	2	0
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	1.98	1	0
Albuminuria The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.	1.99	1	0
Eosinophilia, Pulmonary [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Pulmonary Eosinophilia A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.	1.98	1	0
Bronchial Hyperreactivity Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.	2.4	2	0
Dermatitis, Eczematous [description not available]	2.66	3	0
Eczema A pruritic papulovesicular dermatitis occurring as a reaction to many endogenous and exogenous agents (Dorland, 27th ed).	2.66	3	0
Adrenal Cortex Diseases Pathological processes of the ADRENAL CORTEX.	1.99	1	0
Hemorrhage, Peptic Ulcer [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	2.38	2	0
Leishmaniasis, American [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes.	1.99	1	0
Obstructive Lung Diseases [description not available]	3.29	2	0
Lung Diseases, Obstructive Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.	3.29	2	0
Ambiguous Genitalia [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Disorders of Sex Development In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.	1.99	1	0
Cancer of Salivary Gland [description not available]	1.99	1	0
Salivary Gland Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SALIVARY GLANDS.	1.99	1	0
Bronchospasm [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Bronchial Spasm Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.	3.76	2	1
Flushing A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, or stress.	3.37	1	1
Dystonia An attitude or posture due to the co-contraction of agonists and antagonist muscles in one region of the body. It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p77)	2	1	0
Bright Disease A historical classification which is no longer used. It described acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritic syndrome, or acute nephritis. Named for Richard Bright.	2.37	2	0
Glomerulonephritis Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	2.37	2	0
Pleurisy INFLAMMATION of PLEURA, the lining of the LUNG. When PARIETAL PLEURA is involved, there is pleuritic CHEST PAIN.	2	1	0
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.	2	1	0
Anxiety Neuroses [description not available]	3.79	2	1
Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.	3.79	2	1
Inappropriate GH Secretion Syndrome (Acromegaly) [description not available]	2	1	0
Cancer of Pituitary [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Acromegaly A condition caused by prolonged exposure to excessive HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE in adults. It is characterized by bony enlargement of the FACE; lower jaw (PROGNATHISM); hands; FEET; HEAD; and THORAX. The most common etiology is a GROWTH HORMONE-SECRETING PITUITARY ADENOMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch36, pp79-80)	2	1	0
Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA.	2.39	2	0
HPV Infection [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Female Genital Diseases [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Genital Diseases, Female Pathological processes involving the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	3.38	1	1
Papillomavirus Infections Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.	3.38	1	1
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	2	1	0
Body Weight, Fetal [description not available]	2	1	0
Amyloid Neuropathies Disorders of the peripheral nervous system associated with the deposition of AMYLOID in nerve tissue. Familial, primary (nonfamilial), and secondary forms have been described. Some familial subtypes demonstrate an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Clinical manifestations include sensory loss, mild weakness, autonomic dysfunction, and CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1349)	2	1	0
Reproductive Sterility [description not available]	2	1	0
Infertility A reduced or absent capacity to reproduce.	2	1	0
Child Development Deviations [description not available]	3.32	2	0
Distorted Hearing [description not available]	2	1	0
Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)	3.32	2	0
Anorectal Diseases [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Rectal Diseases Pathological developments in the RECTUM region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	3.39	1	1
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	2	1	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	2	1	0
Hypovolemic [description not available]	2	1	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	2	1	0
Hypovolemia An abnormally low volume of blood circulating through the body. It may result in hypovolemic shock (see SHOCK).	2	1	0
Foreign-Body Granuloma [description not available]	2	1	0
Acneiform Eruptions Visible efflorescent lesions of the skin caused by acne or resembling acne. (Dorland, 28th ed, p18, 575)	2	1	0
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	2	1	0
Allotriophagy An unusual desire or craving for abnormal foods.	2	1	0
Coronary Thrombosis Coagulation of blood in any of the CORONARY VESSELS. The presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) often leads to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.39	2	0
Atypical Lipoma [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Lipoma A benign tumor composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It can be surrounded by a thin layer of connective tissue (encapsulated), or diffuse without the capsule.	2.39	2	0
Heroin Abuse [description not available]	4.31	1	1
Heroin Dependence Strong dependence or addiction, both physiological and emotional, upon HEROIN.	4.31	1	1
EBV Infections [description not available]	2	1	0
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections Infection with human herpesvirus 4 (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN); which may facilitate the development of various lymphoproliferative disorders. These include BURKITT LYMPHOMA (African type), INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS, and oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY).	2	1	0
Cryptosporidium Infection [description not available]	2	1	0
Cryptosporidiosis Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.	2	1	0
Closed Head Injuries [description not available]	2	1	0
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.	2.01	1	0
Cot Death [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Cadaver A dead body, usually a human body.	2.01	1	0
Athlete's Foot [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Tinea Pedis Dermatological pruritic lesion in the feet, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum.	2.92	1	0
Glandular Fever [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Infectious Mononucleosis A common, acute infection usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN). There is an increase in mononuclear white blood cells and other atypical lymphocytes, generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and occasionally hepatomegaly with hepatitis.	1.95	1	0
Childhood Torsion Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	3.04	5	0
Amyotonia Congenita [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Neuromuscular Diseases A general term encompassing lower MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; and certain MUSCULAR DISEASES. Manifestations include MUSCLE WEAKNESS; FASCICULATION; muscle ATROPHY; SPASM; MYOKYMIA; MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, myalgias, and MUSCLE HYPOTONIA.	3.06	5	0
Deaf Mutism [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Deafness A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.	1.95	1	0
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Herpes Simplex A group of acute infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 that is characterized by the development of one or more small fluid-filled vesicles with a raised erythematous base on the skin or mucous membrane. It occurs as a primary infection or recurs due to a reactivation of a latent infection. (Dorland, 27th ed.)	1.95	1	0
Dyskinesia Syndromes [description not available]	2.87	1	0
Autoimmune Demyelinating Disease, Peripheral [description not available]	3.28	2	0
Movement Disorders Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.	2.87	1	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	2.35	2	0
Entamoeba histolytica Infection [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Trichomoniasis, Human [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Trichomonas Vaginitis Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.	1.95	1	0
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Petechiae Pinhead size (3 mm) skin discolorization due to hemorrhage.	1.95	1	0
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)	1.95	1	0
Purpura Purplish or brownish red discoloration, easily visible through the epidermis, caused by hemorrhage into the tissues. When the size of the discolorization is	1.95	1	0
Cephalgia, Vascular [description not available]	4.25	4	1
Empyema, Gall Bladder [description not available]	4.27	4	1
Cholecystitis Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.	4.27	4	1
Leukocytopenia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Leukopenia A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).	1.95	1	0
Ptosis, Eyelid [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Blepharoptosis Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.	1.95	1	0
Kidney, Polycystic [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Necrotizing Pyelonephritis [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Polycystic Kidney Diseases Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.	1.95	1	0
Pyelonephritis Inflammation of the KIDNEY involving the renal parenchyma (the NEPHRONS); KIDNEY PELVIS; and KIDNEY CALICES. It is characterized by ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; NAUSEA; VOMITING; and occasionally DIARRHEA.	1.95	1	0
Cor Pulmonale [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Remission, Spontaneous A spontaneous diminution or abatement of a disease over time, without formal treatment.	2.64	3	0
Hematochezia The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.	1.95	1	0
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.	1.95	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	2.36	2	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	1.95	1	0
Lymphangitis A lymphatic disease characterized by INFLAMMATION of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	1.95	1	0
Catatonia A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. This condition may be associated with psychiatric illnesses (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA; MOOD DISORDERS) or organic disorders (NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME; ENCEPHALITIS, etc.). (From DSM-IV, 4th ed, 1994; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)	1.95	1	0
Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)	3.34	1	1
Anochlesia [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Fetomaternal Transfusion Transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of the maternal organism. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.98	1	0
Dermatophytoses [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Tinea Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.	1.98	1	0
Female Genital Neoplasms [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Genital Neoplasms, Female Tumor or cancer of the female reproductive tract (GENITALIA, FEMALE).	2.38	2	0
Radius Fractures Fractures of the RADIUS.	1.97	1	0
Carotid Artery Thrombosis Blood clot formation in any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES. This may produce CAROTID STENOSIS or occlusion of the vessel, leading to TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; or AMAUROSIS FUGAX.	3.36	1	1
Experimental Leukemia [description not available]	3.47	8	0
Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting, Pituitary [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Abscess Accumulation of purulent material in tissues, organs, or circumscribed spaces, usually associated with signs of infection.	2.37	2	0
Basophilic Leukemia, Acute [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse.	2.38	2	0
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	3.07	5	0
Active Hyperemia [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Hyperemia The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).	2.37	2	0
Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Pre-Excitation Syndromes A group of conditions in which HEART VENTRICLE activation by the atrial impulse is faster than the normal impulse conduction from the SINOATRIAL NODE. In these pre-excitation syndromes, atrial impulses often bypass the ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE delay and travel via ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAYS connecting the atrium directly to the BUNDLE OF HIS.	4.67	2	1
Cardiac Aneurysm [description not available]	2.65	3	0
Island Cell Tumor [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Adenoma, Islet Cell A benign tumor of the pancreatic ISLET CELLS. Usually it involves the INSULIN-producing PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, as in INSULINOMA, resulting in HYPERINSULINISM.	1.97	1	0
Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)	2.37	2	0
Fibromatosis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Fibroma A benign tumor of fibrous or fully developed connective tissue.	1.97	1	0
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	2.87	4	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	2.87	4	0
Delayed Hypersensitivity [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	1.97	1	0
Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Bronchiolitis, Viral An acute inflammatory disease of the lower RESPIRATORY TRACT, caused by paramyxoviruses, occurring primarily in infants and young children; the viruses most commonly implicated are PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS TYPE 3; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS, HUMAN; and METAPNEUMOVIRUS.	1.97	1	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	2.36	2	0
Hepatitis, Infectious [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Gallbladder Dyskinesia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Biliary Dyskinesia A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION.	1.97	1	0
Hepatitis A INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.	1.97	1	0
Bullous Dermatoses [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Chronic Hepatitis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic Liver disease lasting six months or more, caused by an adverse effect of a drug or chemical. The adverse effect may be caused by drugs, drug metabolites, chemicals from the environment, or an idiosyncratic response.	1.97	1	0
Hepatitis, Chronic INFLAMMATION of the LIVER with ongoing hepatocellular injury for 6 months or more, characterized by NECROSIS of HEPATOCYTES and inflammatory cell (LEUKOCYTES) infiltration. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, medications, autoimmune diseases, and other unknown factors.	1.97	1	0
Bile Duct Diseases Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.	1.97	1	0
Erosive Duodenitis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Duodenitis Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.	1.97	1	0
Benign Intracranial Hypertension [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Pseudotumor Cerebri A condition marked by raised intracranial pressure and characterized clinically by HEADACHES; NAUSEA; PAPILLEDEMA, peripheral constriction of the visual fields, transient visual obscurations, and pulsatile TINNITUS. OBESITY is frequently associated with this condition, which primarily affects women between 20 and 44 years of age. Chronic PAPILLEDEMA may lead to optic nerve injury (see OPTIC NERVE DISEASES) and visual loss (see BLINDNESS).	2.37	2	0
Gas Poisoning Poisoning that results from exposure to gases such as CARBON MONOXIDE; NOBLE GASES; OXYGEN; or NATURAL GAS.	1.96	1	0
Burns, Inhalation Burns of the respiratory tract caused by heat or inhaled chemicals.	1.96	1	0
Malabsorption Syndromes General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.	1.96	1	0
Corneal Dystrophies [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral.	2.37	2	0
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Carditis [description not available]	2.36	2	0
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	2.36	2	0
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).	1.96	1	0
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Serositis Inflammation of a serous membrane.	1.96	1	0
Airway Obstruction Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.	1.96	1	0
Chylopericardium [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Pericardial Effusion Fluid accumulation within the PERICARDIUM. Serous effusions are associated with pericardial diseases. Hemopericardium is associated with trauma. Lipid-containing effusion (chylopericardium) results from leakage of THORACIC DUCT. Severe cases can lead to CARDIAC TAMPONADE.	1.96	1	0
Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.	1.96	1	0
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	1.96	1	0
Adam-Stokes Attacks [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Sinoatrial Block Disturbance in the atrial activation that is caused by transient failure of impulse conduction from the SINOATRIAL NODE to the HEART ATRIA. It is characterized by a delayed in heartbeat and pauses between P waves in an ELECTROCARDIOGRAM.	1.96	1	0
Drug-Induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.	1.96	1	0
Marfan Syndrome, Type I [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Marfan Syndrome An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.	1.96	1	0
Polyneuropathy, Acquired [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Polyneuropathies Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.	1.96	1	0
Fatty Liver with Encephalopathy [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Curling Ulcer Acute stress DUODENAL ULCER, usually observed in patients with extensive third-degree burns.	1.96	1	0
Duodenal Ulcer A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.	1.96	1	0
Carcinoma 256, Walker A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)	4.02	3	1
Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Leukemia, Acute Monocytic [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 80% or more of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage including monoblasts, promonocytes, and MONOCYTES.	1.94	1	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	3.55	3	0
Focal Neurologic Deficits [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Arthus Phenomenon [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Hospital-Acquired Condition [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Acantholytic Dyskeratotic Epidermal Nevi [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Animal Diseases Diseases that occur in VERTEBRATE animals.	2.86	1	0
Neuroretinitis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Sclerosis A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.	1.94	1	0
Retinitis Inflammation of the RETINA. It is rarely limited to the retina, but is commonly associated with diseases of the choroid (CHORIORETINITIS) and of the OPTIC DISK (neuroretinitis).	1.94	1	0
Infections, Mycobacterium [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Mycobacterium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus MYCOBACTERIUM.	1.94	1	0
Thoracic Diseases Disorders affecting the organs of the thorax.	1.94	1	0
As If Personality [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Cyclothymia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Dorsolateral Medullary Syndrome [description not available]	3.33	1	1
Acute Rheumatic Fever [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Furrow Keratitis [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Vitiligo A disorder consisting of areas of macular depigmentation, commonly on extensor aspects of extremities, on the face or neck, and in skin folds. Age of onset is often in young adulthood and the condition tends to progress gradually with lesions enlarging and extending until a quiescent state is reached.	3.2	6	0
Arterial Inflammation [description not available]	2.64	3	0
Keratitis, Ulcerative [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Corneal Ulcer Loss of epithelial tissue from the surface of the cornea due to progressive erosion and necrosis of the tissue; usually caused by bacterial, fungal, or viral infection.	1.95	1	0
Myelopathy [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Spinal Cord Diseases Pathologic conditions which feature SPINAL CORD damage or dysfunction, including disorders involving the meninges and perimeningeal spaces surrounding the spinal cord. Traumatic injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and inflammatory/autoimmune processes may affect the spinal cord.	1.95	1	0
Foot and Mouth Disease [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Anuria Absence of urine formation. It is usually associated with complete bilateral ureteral (URETER) obstruction, complete lower urinary tract obstruction, or unilateral ureteral obstruction when a solitary kidney is present.	1.95	1	0
Ureteral Calculi Stones in the URETER that are formed in the KIDNEY. They are rarely more than 5 mm in diameter for larger renal stones cannot enter ureters. They are often lodged at the ureteral narrowing and can cause excruciating renal colic.	1.95	1	0
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	1.95	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	1.95	1	0
Anterior Optic Neuritis [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Optic Neuritis Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).	2.35	2	0
Periphlebitis Periphlebitis is inflammation of the outer coat of a vein or of tissues surrounding the vein.	1.94	1	0
Phlebitis Inflammation of a vein, often a vein in the leg. Phlebitis associated with a blood clot is called (THROMBOPHLEBITIS).	1.94	1	0
Jaw Diseases Diseases involving the JAW.	3.33	1	1
Keratocysts [description not available]	3.33	1	1
Cancer of Jaw [description not available]	3.33	1	1
Rheumatism [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Rheumatic Diseases Disorders of connective tissue, especially the joints and related structures, characterized by inflammation, degeneration, or metabolic derangement.	1.94	1	0
Hemorrhoids Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.	2.63	3	0
Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Purine Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors [description not available]	2.63	3	0
Chorea Disorders [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Choreoathetosis Self-Mutilation Hyperuricemia Syndrome [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Deficiency, Mental [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Autotomy Human [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Athetoid Movements [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Chorea Involuntary, forcible, rapid, jerky movements that may be subtle or become confluent, markedly altering normal patterns of movement. Hypotonia and pendular reflexes are often associated. Conditions which feature recurrent or persistent episodes of chorea as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as CHOREATIC DISORDERS. Chorea is also a frequent manifestation of BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES.	1.94	1	0
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome An inherited disorder transmitted as a sex-linked trait and caused by a deficiency of an enzyme of purine metabolism; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE. Affected individuals are normal in the first year of life and then develop psychomotor retardation, extrapyramidal movement disorders, progressive spasticity, and seizures. Self-destructive behaviors such as biting of fingers and lips are seen frequently. Intellectual impairment may also occur but is typically not severe. Elevation of uric acid in the serum leads to the development of renal calculi and gouty arthritis. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, pp127)	2.35	2	0
Intellectual Disability Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)	2.35	2	0
Muscle Spasm [description not available]	2.35	2	0
Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve SKELETAL MUSCLE or SMOOTH MUSCLE.	2.35	2	0
Paralysis, Legs [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Paraplegia Severe or complete loss of motor function in the lower extremities and lower portions of the trunk. This condition is most often associated with SPINAL CORD DISEASES, although BRAIN DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; and MUSCULAR DISEASES may also cause bilateral leg weakness.	1.94	1	0
Abdominal Cramps [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Biliary Tract Diseases Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	1.94	1	0
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	1.94	1	0
Ecchymosis Extravasation of blood into the skin, resulting in a nonelevated, rounded or irregular, blue or purplish patch, larger than a petechia.	1.94	1	0
Infections, Trichomonas [description not available]	1.94	1	0
Trichomonas Infections Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.	1.94	1	0

benzofurans

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (14)

Research Excerpts

Actions

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Bioassays (1)

Research

Studies (12,722)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 54.70

Study Types

benzofurans

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (14)

Research Excerpts

Actions

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Bioassays (1)

Research

Studies (12,722)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 54.70

Study Types

Related Drugs (3,019)

Related Conditions (1,538)