3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl profile

3,4,5,3',4'-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) is a highly toxic and persistent organochlorine compound that was widely used in industrial applications, such as in electrical equipment, hydraulic fluids, and pesticides. Its synthesis involves multiple chlorination steps of biphenyl, typically using chlorine gas in the presence of a catalyst. PCB 126 has been shown to have significant adverse effects on human health and the environment, including endocrine disruption, immunotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and carcinogenicity. It is a potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist, leading to the activation of genes involved in detoxification and cellular defense. The persistence of PCB 126 in the environment, its bioaccumulation in food chains, and its potential for long-term adverse effects have led to its regulation and restriction in many countries. Extensive research is ongoing to understand the mechanisms of action, toxicity, and environmental fate of PCB 126. This research is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate its effects and protect human health and the environment.'

3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl : A pentachlorobiphenyl in which the chlorines are located at the 3, 4, 5, 3', and 4' positions. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	63090
CHEMBL ID	342696
CHEBI ID	34317
SCHEMBL ID	308662
MeSH ID	M0079793

Synonym
BIDD:ER0551
3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126)
3,3',4,4',5-pentachloro-1,1'-biphenyl
CHEBI:34317 ,
3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl
3,4,3',4',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl
3,3',4,4',5-pcb
1,2,3-trichloro-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)benzene
3,4,5,3',4'-pentachloro-biphenyl
pcb126
3,4,3',4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
pcb 126
57465-28-8
3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
1,1'-biphenyl, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachloro-
brn 4190261
ccris 8862
pcb 126- 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
pcb 126/pcb118
3,3',4,4',5'-pentachloro-biphenyl
CHEMBL342696 ,
3,4,3'',4'',5''-pentachlorobiphenyl
bdbm50214610
3,3'',4,4'',5-pentachlorobiphenyl
3,3'',4,4'',5-pentachloro-1,1''-biphenyl
3,4,5,3'',4''-pentachlorobiphenyl
unii-tsh69ia9xf
tsh69ia9xf ,
SCHEMBL308662
3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl [iarc]
1,1'-biphenyl, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachloro
3,3',4,4,',5-pentachloro-1,1'-biphenyl
REHONNLQRWTIFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
DTXSID3032179 ,
pcb no. 126
pcb no. 126 10 microg/ml in isooctane
Q26840924
dtxcid9012143
3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (iarc)
3,3',4',4',5 pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These non-additive (antagonistic) interactions of prototypical polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners may be an important consideration in development of a toxic equivalency factor approach for hazard and risk assessment of PCB mixtures."	( Inhibition of 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl-induced fetal cleft palate and immunotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice by 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. Harper, N; Mayura, K; Phillips, TD; Safe, SH; Zhao, F, )	0.13
" These results demonstrated adverse effects of PCB congeners on bovine oocytes and showed that this system can be used to evaluate toxic effects on oocytes and preimplantation-stage embryos."	( In vitro reproductive toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners 153 and 126. Farstad, W; Hafne, AL; Krogenaes, AK; Nafstad, I; Skåre, JU, )	0.13
" Thus exposure for only 4 days, covering only the egg stage, was sufficient to cause adverse effects during a critical developmental phase two weeks later."	( Prolonged ELS test with the marine flatfish sole (Solea solea) shows delayed toxic effects of previous exposure to PCB 126. Deerenberg, CM; Foekema, EM; Murk, AJ, 2008)	0.35
" However, the toxic effects and related mechanism of co-exposure to BaP and PCB126 remain unknown."	( PCB126 enhanced the genotoxicity of BaP in HepG2 cells by modulating metabolic enzyme and DNA repair activities. Chen, XM; Liu, AL; Lu, WQ; Wei, W; Xie, SH; Zhang, C, 2009)	0.35
"The compound 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) exists in various environmental media, which may have adverse effects on human health."	( Induction of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity by PCB126 in JEG-3 human choriocarcinoma cells. Chen, F, 2010)	0.36
" All compounds, except PCB153, induced a dose-dependent increase in toxic effects."	( A new spiked sediment assay using embryos of the Japanese medaka specifically designed for a reliable toxicity assessment of hydrophobic chemicals. Anschutz, P; Budzinski, H; Cachot, J; Deflandre, B; Etcheber, H; LeMenach, K; Leray-Forget, J; Morin, B; Peluhet, L; Vicquelin, L, 2011)	0.37
" Here we examined the importance of dietary Se in preventing the toxicity of the most toxic polychlorinated biphenyl congener, 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126), a potent AhR agonist."	( Dietary selenium as a modulator of PCB 126-induced hepatotoxicity in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Chai, Y; Haschek, WM; Lai, IK; Ludewig, G; Robertson, LW; Simmons, D; Tan, R; Wang, B; Wang, K; Watson, WH, 2011)	0.37
" During the second generational life-cycle exposure (F1), however, PCB126 had an obvious toxic effect on the reproduction (>1 µg/L) and growth (>0."	( Acute and chronic toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl 126 to Tigriopus japonicus: effects on survival, growth, reproduction, and intrinsic rate of population growth. Guo, F; Wang, L; Wang, WX, 2012)	0.38
"3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) cause multiple adverse effects in organisms including animals and humans."	( Developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and related gene expression induced by dioxin-like PCB 126 in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chen, JJ; Gooneratne, R; Ju, XH; Lin, HY; Liu, H; Ma, Y; Nie, FH, 2016)	0.43
"Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) would do serious damage to multiple systems, while coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls, the most toxic member of the family, has been widely taken into consideration."	( Dioxin-like (DL-) polychlorinated biphenyls induced immunotoxicity through apoptosis in mice splenocytes via the AhR mediated mitochondria dependent signaling pathways. Chen, Y; Du, F; Feng, WW; Ji, HC; Luo, YB; Mao, GH; Wang, F; Wu, XY; Yang, LQ; Zhao, T, 2019)	0.51
" Thus, we aimed to test the hypothesis that hyperlipidemic mice fed a diet enriched with 8% inulin would be protected from the pro-inflammatory toxic effects of PCB 126."	( Prebiotic inulin consumption reduces dioxin-like PCB 126-mediated hepatotoxicity and gut dysbiosis in hyperlipidemic Ldlr deficient mice. Deng, P; Hennig, B; Hoffman, JB; Morris, AJ; Mottaleb, MA; Petriello, MC; Sui, Y; Wang, C; Zhou, C, 2020)	0.56
" These data suggest the toxic effects of PCB 126 on bone are mediated by AhR, which has direct effects on the growth plate and indirect actions related to endocrine disruption."	( Skeletal Toxicity of Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congener 126 in the Rat Is Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Dependent. Eti, NA; Gadupudi, G; Iqbal, K; Littleton, S; Maimone, C; Osborn, ML; Pedersen, KB; Robertson, LW; Ronis, MJJ; Shankar, K; Soares, MJ; Suva, LJ; Watt, J; Williams, AE, 2020)	0.56

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" To investigate the lactational transfer of PCBs and compare pharmacokinetic interactions among nonpregnant, lactating mice and suckling pups, quantitative time-course measurements of PCB accumulation in tissues were performed."	( Comparison of pharmacokinetic interactions and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of PCB 153 and PCB 126 in nonpregnant mice, lactating mice, and suckling pups. Lee, SK; Ou, YC; Yang, RS, 2002)	0.31
" Here we present a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to describe the lactational transfer of PCB 153 with or without PCB 126 in mice."	( A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for lactational transfer of PCB 153 with or without PCB 126 in mice. Andersen, ME; Lee, SK; Ou, YC; Yang, RS, 2007)	0.34

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Three of the groups were exposed to PCB126 (total dose 320 microgram/kg, bw), either alone or in combination with vitamin C added to the drinking water (1 and 10 g/l, respectively)."	( Bone tissue composition, dimensions and strength in female rats given an increased dietary level of vitamin A or exposed to 3,3',4, 4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) alone or in combination with vitamin C. Johansson, S; Larsson, S; Lind, PM; Lindhe, O; Melhus, H; Orberg, J; Wikström, M, 2000)	0.31

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" This phenomenon complicates efforts to study mechanisms of pollutant-accelerated atherosclerosis in experimental animal models where high-fat feeding and adipose expansion limit the bioavailability of lipophilic pollutants."	( Dioxin-like PCB 126 Increases Systemic Inflammation and Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Lean LDL Receptor-Deficient Mice. Abdel-Latif, A; Barney, J; Brandon, JA; Hennig, B; Hoffman, J; Lee, E; Li, X; Morris, AJ; Petriello, MC; Soman, S; Tripathi, H; Wahlang, B; Wang, C; Yang, L; Ye, X, 2018)	0.48

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" 118--the females were dosed with 2, 20, 200, and 2,000 ppb congener, and the males received 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000 ppb."	( Subchronic toxicity of pentachlorobiphenyl congeners n. 126 or 118 in the rat liver. An electron microscope study. Chu, I; MacLellan, K; Poon, R; Singh, A; Villeneuve, DC, 1994)	0.29
" Nestlings were dosed orally for 10 days with 5 microl/g body weight of corn oil (controls) or the planar PCB 126 at concentrations of 50, 250, or 1000 ng/g body weight."	( Developmental toxicity of PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Eisemann, JD; Hines, RK; Hoffman, DJ; Klein, PN; Melancon, MJ; Pendleton, GW; Rice, CP; Spann, JW, 1996)	0.29
" There was slight but significant hepatic and renal ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) induction in birds dosed with PCBs 77 and 126."	( Comparative toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls to Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica) and American kestrels (Falco sparverius). Elliott, JE; Kennedy, SW; Lorenzen, A, 1997)	0.3
" Iron dose-response curves in ALA- and PCB126-treated Cyp1a2(+/+) mice showed that hepatic iron levels greater than 850 microg/g liver were required to produce significant uroporphyrin accumulation in the liver."	( Uroporphyria in mice: thresholds for hepatic CYP1A2 and iron. Bement, WJ; Dalton, TP; Eisenstein, RS; Gerhard, GS; Gorman, N; Nebert, DW; Ross, KL; Sinclair, JF; Sinclair, PR; Szakacs, JG; Walton, HS, 2002)	0.31
" Hence, to verify a biphasic dose-response relationship (enhancement of carcinogenesis at low dose, and inhibition at high dose), we investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to PCB126 on mammary gland differentiation."	( Mammary gland differentiation in female rats after prenatal exposure to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl. Furusato, M; Hano, H; Imano, N; Masaoka, T; Muto, T; Nakaaki, K; Takahashi, H; Wakui, S, 2002)	0.31
" Male and female C57BL/6J mice and Long-Evans rats were dosed orally for 4 consecutive days with either PCB126 (0."	( Comparative responsiveness of hypothyroxinemia and hepatic enzyme induction in Long-Evans rats versus C57BL/6J mice exposed to TCDD-like and phenobarbital-like polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. Craft, ES; Crofton, KM; DeVito, MJ, 2002)	0.31
" As a consequence of the dosing technique (eggshell spotting), the shell retained 90 and 96% of the dose for PCB- 126 and TCDD, respectively, similar to retention of estradiol- 17beta."	( Turtle sex determination assay: mass balance and responses to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl. Bergeron, JM; Crews, D; Gale, RW; Willingham, EJ, 2002)	0.31
" There was a significant correlation between deformity occurrence and EROD induction in embryos dosed with PCB alone but not for embryos dosed with BaP alone, or a combination of BaP and PCB 126."	( Effects of single and combined exposures to benzo(a)pyrene and 3,3'4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl on EROD activity and development in Fundulus heteroclitus. Di Giulio, RT; Swails, EE; Wassenberg, DM, )	0.13
" Chronic active arteritis occurred primarily in the mesentery and pancreas, although the rectum, liver, heart, ovary, uterus, and glandular stomach in the PCB126 study and the liver and ovary in the TCDD study were affected in a few of the dosed animals."	( Increase in cardiovascular pathology in female Sprague-Dawley rats following chronic treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl. Brix, AE; Haseman, JK; Jokinen, MP; Nyska, A; Sells, DM; Walker, NJ, 2003)	0.32
"The shape of the dose-response curve may vary depending on whether one examines response at a population or a single cell level."	( Single cell analysis of switch-like induction of CYP1A1 in liver cell lines. Andersen, ME; Billings, RE; Broccardo, CJ; Chubb, LS; Hanneman, WH, 2004)	0.32
"Pregnant does (10 goats/group) were dosed orally with either PCB 153 or PCB 126 dissolved in corn oil or only corn oil (control group) from day 60 of gestation until delivery."	( Effects of perinatal exposure to low doses of PCB 153 and PCB 126 on lymphocyte proliferation and hematology in goat kids. Dahl, E; Johansen, G; Larsen, H; Lyche, J; Ropstad, E; Skaare, JU; Tverdal, A, 2004)	0.32
" PCB 153 exposure induced CYP2B1/2 in the centrilobular region, which spread to the midzonal region as the dose increased, but never became panlobular even at the highest dosage tested."	( Regional induction of CYP1A1 in rat liver following treatment with mixtures of PCB 126 and PCB 153. Andersen, ME; Billings, RE; Broccardo, CJ; Chubb, LS; Dean, CE; Hanneman, WH; Legare, ME, )	0.13
" Dose-response studies revealed that the concentration of 3MC required to half-maximally activate transcription (EC(50)) was >100-fold higher for an ER reporter (27-57 muM) than for an AhR reporter (86-250 nM) in both MCF-7 cells and in human endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells."	( Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-independent activation of estrogen receptor-dependent transcription by 3-methylcholanthrene. Shipley, JM; Waxman, DJ, 2006)	0.33
"Pregnant does (10 goats/group) were dosed orally either with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 153 (98 microg/kg body weight/d) or PCB 126 (ng/kg body weight/d) dissolved in corn oil or with corn oil only (control group) from gestation day (GD) 60 until delivery."	( Perinatal exposure to low doses of PCB 153 and PCB 126 affects maternal and neonatal immunity in goat kids. Johansen, GM; Larsen, HJ; Lyche, JL; Ropstad, E; Skaare, JU; Tverdal, A, 2006)	0.33
" However, the dose-response characteristics of the HPT axis are nonlinear and complex, requiring sophisticated tools, such as PBPK models, to characterize dose response."	( Effect of PCB 126 on hepatic metabolism of thyroxine and perturbations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in the rat. Almekinder, TL; Bruckner, JV; Campbell, J; Crofton, KM; Ferguson, D; Fisher, JW; Harmon, B; Hedge, JM; Kim, H; Mumtaz, M; Muralidhara, S, 2006)	0.33
" Goat dams were orally dosed with PCB 153 in corn oil (98 microg/kg body wt/day) or PCB 126 (49 ng/kg body wt/day) from day 60 of gestation until delivery."	( Perinatal exposure to PCB 153, but not PCB 126, alters bone tissue composition in female goat offspring. Aleksandersen, M; Larsson, S; Lind, PM; Lundberg, R; Lyche, JL; Orberg, J; Rönn, M; Ropstad, E; Skaare, JU, 2006)	0.33
" In a dose-response study, northern leopard frogs were injected intraperitoneally with either PCB 126 in corn oil (0."	( Oxidative stress induced in PCB 126-exposed northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens. Hoffman, DJ; Huang, YW; Karasov, WH, 2007)	0.34
" Pulmonary CYP1A1-associated 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was increased in all dosed groups."	( Pulmonary lesions in female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats following two-year oral treatment with dioxin-like compounds. Brix, AE; Easterling, M; Jokinen, MP; Miller, RA; Nyska, A; Sells, DM; Walker, NJ; Wyde, ME; Yoshizawa, K, 2007)	0.34
" Forty-seven human and 79 rat genes satisfied dose-response criteria for both chemicals and were subjected to further analysis including the calculation of the 50% effective concentration and the relative potency (REP) of PCB 126 for each gene."	( Divergent transcriptomic responses to aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists between rat and human primary hepatocytes. Carlson, EA; Goodwin, SB; Koganti, A; McCulloch, C; Silkworth, JB; Sutter, TR, 2009)	0.35
" Increases in the incidence of acute and/or chronic active inflammation of the uterus were observed in all dosed groups, including the stop-exposure group (withdrawal after thirty-week exposure) of PeCDF and the 1,000 microg/kg and/or higher group dosed with PCB153."	( Reproductive lesions in female Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats following two-year oral treatment with dioxin and dioxin-like compounds. Brix, AE; Jokinen, MP; Kissling, GE; Nyska, A; Orzech, DP; Sells, DM; Walker, NJ; Wyde, M; Yoshizawa, K, 2009)	0.35
" Automated dose-response modeling (ToxResponse Modeler) of the microarray data identified 210 TCDF and 40 PCB126 genes that exhibited sigmoidal dose-response curves with comparable slopes when compared with TCDD."	( Automated dose-response analysis and comparative toxicogenomic evaluation of the hepatic effects elicited by TCDD, TCDF, and PCB126 in C57BL/6 mice. Budinsky, RA; Burg, AR; Burgoon, LD; Harkema, JR; Ibrahim-Aibo, D; Kopec, AK; Lee, AW; Potter, D; Rowlands, JC; Sharratt, B; Tashiro, C; Zacharewski, TR, 2010)	0.36
" Furthermore, an alternative factor, the relative threshold factor (RTF) based on the low end (threshold) of the dose-response curve, was calculated."	( Analysis of the CYP1A1 mRNA dose-response in human keratinocytes indicates that relative potencies of dioxins, furans, and PCBs are species and congener specific. Bodreddigari, S; Carlson, EA; Silkworth, JB; Sutter, CH; Sutter, TR, 2010)	0.36
" In dose-response analysis (25-100 μM), EROD activity was strongly increased at intermediate 3-MC concentrations."	( Precision-Cut Liver Slices of Salmo salar as a tool to investigate the oxidative impact of CYP1A-mediated PCB 126 and 3-methylcholanthrene metabolism. Beck, M; Calderon, PB; Debier, C; Jaspart, M; Lemaire, B; Rees, JF; Thomé, JP, 2011)	0.37
" Eggs were dosed with either the vehicle control or 1 of 5 doses (1."	( Amino acid sequence of the AhR1 ligand-binding domain predicts avian sensitivity to dioxin like compounds: in vivo verification in European starlings. Drouillard, KG; Elliott, JE; Eng, ML; Jones, SP; Kennedy, SW; Williams, TD, 2014)	0.4
" To test the supposition that these differences were due to or related to the chronic PAH contamination history of the Elizabeth River population, we compared the OxPhos functions of undosed individuals from the polluted and reference populations to individuals from these populations dosed with a PAH {benzo [α] pyrene (BaP)} or a PCB {PCB126 (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl)}, respectively."	( Effects of Anthropogenic Pollution on the Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway of Hepatocytes from Natural Populations of Fundulus heteroclitus. Crawford, DL; Du, X; Oleksiak, MF, 2015)	0.42
" Results showed clear dose-response relationships for PCB 126 and the 2 PCB mixtures by logistic analysis of covariance using a varying threshold model because there was a low but significant slope for mortality of vehicle controls over incubation."	( Comparative Lethality of In ovo Exposure to PCB 126, PCB 77, and 2 Environmentally Relevant PCB Mixtures in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica). Baltos, LD; Bohannon, MEB; Carro, T; Dean, KM; Marcell, AM; Ottinger, MA, 2019)	0.51
" A prior study developed a cross-species quantitative adverse outcome pathway (qAOP) which can predict full dose-response curves of early life stage mortality for any species of bird or fish exposed to DLCs using the species- and chemical-specific 50% effect concentration (EC50) from an in vitro AhR transactivation assay with COS-7 cells."	( Predicting Early Life Stage Mortality in Birds and Fishes from Exposure to Low-Potency Agonists of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor: A Cross-Species Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway Approach. Doering, JA; Dubiel, J; Wiseman, S, 2020)	0.56
"A main function of dose-response assessment is to estimate a "safe" dose in the target population to support chemical risk assessment."	( A mode of action-based probabilistic framework of dose-response assessment for nonmutagenic liver carcinogens: a case study of PCB-126. Chen, Q; Klaunig, JE; Shao, K; Zhou, Y, 2023)	0.91

Class	Description
pentachlorobiphenyl	Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C12H5Cl5.
trichlorobenzene	Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	0.0110	0.0013	0.8696	9.9000	AID311072
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Cytochrome P450 1A1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	EC50 (µMol)	0.1300	0.0015	2.2057	10.0000	AID39064
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.1300	0.0015	1.9769	10.0000	AID39064
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
blood vessel development	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of adaptive immune response	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic process	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expression	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP-mediated signaling	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of B cell proliferation	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
circadian regulation of gene expression	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of inflammatory response	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMP	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to forskolin	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to organic cyclic compound	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
angiogenesis	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
trabecular meshwork development	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA modification	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cell adhesion	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to nutrient	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
steroid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
male gonad development	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
toxin metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
sterol metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
arachidonic acid metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
epoxygenase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
collagen fibril organization	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
adrenal gland development	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell migration	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to follicle-stimulating hormone	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to estradiol	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
benzene-containing compound metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
retinol metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
retinal metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel endothelial cell migration	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
endothelial cell migration	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
estrous cycle	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of translation	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesis	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane lipid catabolic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to arsenic-containing substance	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
blood vessel morphogenesis	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
retinal blood vessel morphogenesis	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
ganglion development	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to hydrogen peroxide	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMP	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to luteinizing hormone stimulus	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cortisol stimulus	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to progesterone stimulus	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to dexamethasone	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
endothelial cell-cell adhesion	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to indole-3-methanol	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to toxic substance	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
omega-hydroxylase P450 pathway	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
response to 3-methylcholanthrene	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nuclear receptor activity	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription coactivator binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
DNA-binding transcription factor activity	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear receptor activity	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
TBP-class protein binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activity	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein heterodimerization activity	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
Hsp90 protein binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
E-box binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
monooxygenase activity	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
iron ion binding	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
heme binding	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
aromatase activity	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
hydroperoxy icosatetraenoate dehydratase activity	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
nucleus	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleus	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
chromatin	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
transcription regulator complex	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrion	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	Cytochrome P450 1B1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID311072	Inhibition of CYP1B1	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 15, Issue:15	Targeting cytochrome P450 enzymes: a new approach in anti-cancer drug development.
AID682136	TP_TRANSPORTER: Western in vivo SD rat, liver	2002	The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, Jan, Volume: 300, Issue:1	Induction profile of rat organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (oatp2) by prototypical drug-metabolizing enzyme inducers that activate gene expression through ligand-activated transcription factor pathways.
AID311073	Inhibition of CYP1A1	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 15, Issue:15	Targeting cytochrome P450 enzymes: a new approach in anti-cancer drug development.
AID311074	Inhibition of CYP1A2	2007	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Aug-01, Volume: 15, Issue:15	Targeting cytochrome P450 enzymes: a new approach in anti-cancer drug development.
AID679248	TP_TRANSPORTER: transepithelial transport (basal to apical) in LLC-MDR1 cells	2004	The Journal of veterinary medical science, Sep, Volume: 66, Issue:9	Effect of PCB-126 on intracellular accumulation and transepithelial transport of vinblastine in LLC-PK1 and its transformant cells expressing human P-glycoprotein.
AID39064	Affinity on cytosolic Aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (Ah)	1997	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-19, Volume: 40, Issue:26	Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships from molecular similarity matrices and genetic neural networks. 2. Applications.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	16 (3.65)	18.7374
1990's	58 (13.24)	18.2507
2000's	155 (35.39)	29.6817
2010's	173 (39.50)	24.3611
2020's	36 (8.22)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	5 (1.09%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	453 (98.91%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.42	2	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
choline [no description available]	2.75	3	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	1.99	1	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
dibenzofuran Dibenzofurans: Compounds that include the structure of dibenzofuran.. dibenzofurans : Any organic heterotricyclic compound based on a dibenzofuran skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.. dibenzofuran : A mancude organic heterotricyclic parent that consists of a furan ring flanked by two benzene rings ortho-fused across the 2,3- and 4,5-positions.	2.43	2	dibenzofurans; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; polycyclic heteroarene	xenobiotic
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.03	1	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
imidazole imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.	1.99	1	imidazole
iodine Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..	2	1	diatomic iodine	nutrient
melatonin [no description available]	2.6	1	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
nitric acid Nitric Acid: Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). nitric acid : A nitrogen oxoacid of formula HNO3 in which the nitrogen atom is bonded to a hydroxy group and by equivalent bonds to the remaining two oxygen atoms.	2.04	1	nitrogen oxoacid	protic solvent; reagent
4-nitrophenol 4-nitrophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. mononitrophenol : A nitrophenol that is phenol carrying a single nitro substituent at unspecified position.. 4-nitrophenol : A member of the class of 4-nitrophenols that is phenol in which the hydrogen that is para to the hydroxy group has been replaced by a nitro group.	1.98	1	4-nitrophenols	human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
pentachlorophenol PENTA: structure given in first source	2.41	2	aromatic fungicide; chlorophenol; organochlorine pesticide; pentachlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite
pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis.	2.25	1	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid	cofactor; fundamental metabolite
selenic acid Selenic Acid: A strong dibasic acid with the molecular formula H2SeO4. Included under this heading is the acid form, and inorganic salts of dihydrogen selenium tetraoxide.	2.06	1	selenium oxoacid
thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively.	2.01	1	primary alcohol; vitamin B1	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.04	1	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
trimethyloxamine trimethyloxamine: used in manufacture of quaternary ammonium cpds; insect attractant; warming agent for gas; oxidant; structure. trimethylamine N-oxide : A tertiary amine oxide resulting from the oxidation of the amino group of trimethylamine.	2.13	1	tertiary amine oxide	Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; osmolyte
trimethylamine [no description available]	2.13	1	methylamines; tertiary amine	Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
bw 284 c 51 [no description available]	1.99	1
1-methylimidazole 1-methyl-1H-imidazole : A 1H-imidazole having a methyl substituent at the N-1 position.	1.99	1	imidazoles
3-methylcholanthrene Methylcholanthrene: A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.. 3-methylcholanthrene : A pentacyclic ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a dihydrocyclopenta[ij]tetraphene ring system with a methyl substituent at the 3-position.	3.87	12	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; carcinogenic agent
4-nonylphenol 4-nonylphenol: structure in first source; see also record for nonylphenol. 4-nonylphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol which is para-substituted with a nonyl group.	2.44	2	phenols	environmental contaminant
tacrine Tacrine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier. Tacrine has been used to counter the effects of muscle relaxants, as a respiratory stimulant, and in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other central nervous system disorders.. tacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine substituted by an amino group at position 9. It is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.	1.99	1	acridines; aromatic amine	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
adrenic acid adrenic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	2.15	1	docosatetraenoic acid	mouse metabolite
benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings.	4.07	14	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite
beta-naphthoflavone beta-Naphthoflavone: A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308). beta-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the f side of flavone.	3.53	8	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist
cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group.	2.02	1	aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
diazinon Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.	2.04	1	organic thiophosphate; pyrimidines	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; nematicide; xenobiotic
dibutyl phthalate Dibutyl Phthalate: A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.. dibutyl phthalate : A phthalate ester that is the diester obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy groups of phthalic acid with two molecules of butan-1-ol. Although used extensively as a plasticiser, it is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that poses a risk to humans.	2.03	1	diester; phthalate ester	EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; metabolite; plasticiser; teratogenic agent
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.	2.44	2	chlorophenylethylene; monochlorobenzenes	human xenobiotic metabolite; persistent organic pollutant
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	2.48	2	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
3,3'-diindolylmethane 3,3'-diindolylmethane: anti-inflammatory from edible cruciferous vegetables; a cytochrome P-450 antagonist	2.21	1	indoles	antineoplastic agent; P450 inhibitor
ellipticine ellipticine : A organic heterotetracyclic compound that is pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole carrying two methyl substituents at positions 5 and 11.	2.7	3	indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; polycyclic heteroarene	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.03	1
ethoxyresorufin ethoxyresorufin: structure	2.43	2	phenoxazine
furazolidone Furazolidone: A nitrofuran derivative with antiprotozoal and antibacterial activity. Furazolidone acts by gradual inhibition of monoamine oxidase. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p514). furazolidone : A member of the class of oxazolidines that is 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an N-{[(5-nitro-2-furyl)methylene]amino} group. It has antibacterial and antiprotozoal properties, and is used in the treatment of giardiasis and cholera.	2.01	1	nitrofuran antibiotic; oxazolidines	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antitrichomonal drug; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
indole-3-carbinol indole-3-carbinol: occurs in edible cruciferous vegetables. indole-3-methanol : An indolyl alcohol carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It is a constituent of the cruciferous vegetables and had anticancer activity.	2.46	2	indolyl alcohol	antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite
isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.	2.43	2	catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent
nsc 664704 kenpaullone: inhibits CDK1/cyclin B; structure in first source. kenpaullone : An indolobenzazepine that is paullone in which the hydrogen at position 9 is replaced by a bromo substituent. It is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	2.11	1	indolobenzazepine; lactam; organobromine compound	cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.26 (tau-protein kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector
metyrapone Metyrapone: An inhibitor of the enzyme STEROID 11-BETA-MONOOXYGENASE. It is used as a test of the feedback hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism in the diagnosis of CUSHING SYNDROME.. metyrapone : An aromatic ketone that is 3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one in which the methyl groups at positions 1 and 4 are replaced by pyridin-3-yl groups. A steroid 11beta-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.4) inhibitor, it is used in the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.	2.03	1	aromatic ketone	antimetabolite; diagnostic agent; EC 1.14.15.4 (steroid 11beta-monooxygenase) inhibitor
pentamidine Pentamidine: Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.. pentamidine : A diether consisting of pentane-1,5-diol in which both hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced by 4-amidinophenyl groups. A trypanocidal drug that is used for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis and Chagas disease.	1.99	1	aromatic ether; carboxamidine; diether	anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; calmodulin antagonist; chemokine receptor 5 antagonist; EC 2.3.1.48 (histone acetyltransferase) inhibitor; NMDA receptor antagonist; S100 calcium-binding protein B inhibitor; trypanocidal drug; xenobiotic
phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups.	3.23	6	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative
pifithrin pifithrin: a tetrahydrobenzothiazol; inhibitor of P53 that protects mice from the side effects of cancer therapy; structure in first source	2.04	1	aromatic ketone
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	2.43	2	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
proadifen Proadifen: An inhibitor of drug metabolism and CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM activity.	2.38	2	diarylmethane
procaterol Procaterol: A long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist.	2.02	1	quinolines
corticosterone [no description available]	2	1	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions.	3.65	9	2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine	antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.	1.98	1	ammonium salt; carbamate ester	cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic
spironolactone Spironolactone: A potassium sparing diuretic that acts by antagonism of aldosterone in the distal renal tubules. It is used mainly in the treatment of refractory edema in patients with congestive heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, or hepatic cirrhosis. Its effects on the endocrine system are utilized in the treatments of hirsutism and acne but they can lead to adverse effects. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p827). spironolactone : A steroid lactone that is 17alpha-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and an alpha-acetylsulfanyl group at position 7.	2.01	1	3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; oxaspiro compound; steroid lactone; thioester	aldosterone antagonist; antihypertensive agent; diuretic; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
aldosterone [no description available]	2.72	3	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.	3.14	5	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	3.1	5	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide : A quinoline N-oxide carrying a nitro substituent at position 4.	1.96	1	C-nitro compound; quinoline N-oxide	carcinogenic agent
physostigmine Physostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is rapidly absorbed through membranes. It can be applied topically to the conjunctiva. It also can cross the blood-brain barrier and is used when central nervous system effects are desired, as in the treatment of severe anticholinergic toxicity.	1.99	1	carbamate ester; indole alkaloid	antidote to curare poisoning; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; miotic
ethinyl estradiol Ethinyl Estradiol: A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.. 17alpha-ethynylestradiol : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is estradiol substituted by a ethynyl group at position 17. It is a xenoestrogen synthesized from estradiol and has been shown to exhibit high estrogenic potency on oral administration.	2.03	1	17-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	xenoestrogen
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	3.4	7	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2.86	3	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone : A 17alpha-hydroxy steroid that is the 17alpha-hydroxy derivative of progesterone.	2.03	1	17alpha-hydroxy-C21-steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; progestin
bisphenol a 4,4'-isopropylidene diphenol: stimulates proliferative responses and cytokine productions of murine spleen cells and thymus cells in vitro. bisphenol : By usage, the methylenediphenols, HOC6H4CH2C6H4OH, commonly p,p-methylenediphenol, and their substitution products (generally derived from condensation of two equivalent amounts of a phenol with an aldehyde or ketone). The term also includes analogues in the the methylene (or substituted methylene) group has been replaced by a heteroatom.. bisphenol A : A bisphenol that is 4,4'-methanediyldiphenol in which the methylene hydrogens are replaced by two methyl groups.	2.79	3	bisphenol	endocrine disruptor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic; xenoestrogen
methyl nicotinate methyl nicotinate: erythema provoked is basis of a methylnicotinate test of anti-inflammatories	2	1	aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines
squalane [no description available]	2.38	2
neostigmine bromide neostigmine bromide : The bromide salt of neostigmine.	1.99	1	bromide salt
hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants.	2.48	2	aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes	antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant
4-tert-octylphenol 4-tert-octylphenol: structure given in first source	2.13	1	alkylbenzene
pregnenolone [no description available]	2.11	1	20-oxo steroid; 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; C21-steroid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.5	2	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
fluoranthene fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring.	2.05	1	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene
benzo(k)fluoranthene [no description available]	1.99	1	naphthalenes
dibenzo(1,4)dioxin dibenzo(1,4)dioxin: structure	2.11	1	dibenzodioxine; heteranthrene; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent; oxacycle; polycyclic heteroarene
edrophonium bromide [no description available]	1.99	1
azacitidine Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.	2.1	1	N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine; nucleoside analogue	antineoplastic agent
azomycin azomycin: RN given refers to parent cpd with specified locant; structure	1.99	1	C-nitro compound; imidazoles	antitubercular agent
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	2.81	3	dialdehyde	biomarker
allyl sulfide allyl sulfide: essence of garlic; inhibits CYP2E1	2.01	1	organic sulfide
manganese carbonate [no description available]	2.13	1
alpha-naphthoflavone alpha-naphthoflavone: inhibits P4501A1 and P4501A2; stimulates some activities of P4503A4. alpha-naphthoflavone : An extended flavonoid resulting from the formal fusion of a benzene ring with the h side of flavone. A synthetic compound, it is an inhibitor of aromatase (EC 1.14.14.14).	4.72	9	extended flavonoid; naphtho-gamma-pyrone; organic heterotricyclic compound	aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist; aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist; EC 1.14.14.14 (aromatase) inhibitor
pentachlorobenzene pentachlorobenzene: structure. pentachlorobenzene : A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention.	2.63	2	pentachlorobenzenes	persistent organic pollutant
2-methylbenzimidazole [no description available]	2	1	benzimidazoles
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.77	3	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
2-methylimidazole [no description available]	1.99	1
o,p'-ddt o,p'-DDT: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation.	2.48	2	diarylmethane
levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel: A synthetic progestational hormone with actions similar to those of PROGESTERONE and about twice as potent as its racemic or (+-)-isomer (NORGESTREL). It is used for contraception, control of menstrual disorders, and treatment of endometriosis.	2.03	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; terminal acetylenic compound	contraceptive drug; female contraceptive drug; progestin; synthetic oral contraceptive
chlormequat Chlormequat: A plant growth regulator that is commonly used on ornamental plants.. chlormequat : A quaternary ammonium ion that is choline in which the hydroxy group has been replaced by a chlorine. Its salts (particularly the chloride salt, known as chlormequat chloride) are used as plant growth retardants.	1.99	1	quaternary ammonium ion	plant growth retardant
decabromobiphenyl ether decabromobiphenyl ether: a flame retardant. decabromodiphenyl ether : A polybromodiphenyl ether that is diphenyl ether in which all of the hydrogens have been replaced by bromines.	2.03	1	polybromodiphenyl ether	neurotoxin
methylmercury hydroxide [no description available]	2.03	1
durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).	2.05	1
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.05	1	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tocopherols [no description available]	2.21	1
pregnenolone carbonitrile Pregnenolone Carbonitrile: A catatoxic steroid and microsomal enzyme inducer having significant effects on the induction of cytochrome P450. It has also demonstrated the potential for protective capability against acetaminophen-induced liver damage.	2.01	1	aliphatic nitrile
3-hydroxyphenyltrimethylammonium 3-hydroxyphenyltrimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	1.99	1
1-methyl-2-nitroimidazole [no description available]	1.99	1
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: A mixture of isomers.	2.4	2	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.	2.01	1	organic cation	geroprotector; herbicide
2-tert-butylhydroquinone 2-tert-butylhydroquinone: an anticarcinogenic and chemopreventive agent. 2-tert-butylhydroquinone : A member of the class of hydroquinones in which one of the ring hydrogens of hydroquinone is replaced by a tert-butyl group.	2	1	hydroquinones	food antioxidant
3,3'-dichlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.63	2
decachlorobiphenyl decachlorobiphenyl: structure. decachlorobiphenyl : A polychlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.	2.03	1	pentachlorobenzenes; polychlorobiphenyl
3-chlorobiphenyl 3-chlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to cpd with specified locant for chlorine	2.03	1	monochlorobiphenyl
4-chlorobiphenyl 4-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a chloro substituent at position 4.	2.47	2	monochlorobiphenyl
2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,4,2',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: structure. 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted at positions 2 and 4 by chlorines.	2.69	3	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
butyrylcholine butyrylcholine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	acylcholine
7,12-dihydroxymethylbenz(a)anthracene 7,12-dihydroxymethylbenz(a)anthracene: structure given in first source	2	1
octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin octachlorodibenzo-4-dioxin: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
carbonates Carbonates: Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). carbonates : Organooxygen compounds that are salts or esters of carbonic acid, H2CO3.	2.13	1	carbon oxoanion
butyrylthiocholine Butyrylthiocholine: A sulfur-containing analog of butyrylcholine which is hydrolyzed by butyrylcholinesterase to butyrate and thiocholine. It is used as a reagent in the determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity.. butyrylthiocholine : A quaternary ammonium ion obtained by the formal condensation of the carboxy group of butyric acid with the thiol group of thiocholine. It is used as a reagent for determination of butyrylcholinesterase activity.	1.99	1	quaternary ammonium ion
1-nitropyrene [no description available]	2.05	1	nitroarene	carcinogenic agent
n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration.	2.05	1	amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound	neurotransmitter agent
2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.21	1
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	2.13	1	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.43	2	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	2.13	1	dihydrogen
ammonium perchlorate [no description available]	2.03	1
2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.39	2
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	2.4	2	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
iodine [no description available]	2.03	1	halide anion; monoatomic iodine	human metabolite
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.02	1	benzenes; phenyl acetates
pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system.	3.13	1	ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene	fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant
2-chlorodibenzofuran 2-chlorodibenzofuran: structure	1.99	1
glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.	2.71	3	glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin: structure given in first source	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
pcb 118 [no description available]	5.22	15	dichlorobenzene; pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at position 3 and 4 on each phenyl group are replaced by chlorines.	5.76	27	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	4.22	5	dichlorobenzene; pentachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	3.53	8	hexachlorobiphenyl; trichlorobenzene
kc 400 KC 400: mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls. 3,3',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which both phenyl groups are substituted by chlorines at positions 3 and 5.	2.69	3	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl tetrachlorobiphenyl : Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C12H6Cl4.	2.45	2	tetrachlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
promegestone Promegestone: A synthetic progestin which is useful for the study of progestin distribution and progestin tissue receptors, as it is not bound by transcortin and binds to progesterone receptors with a higher association constant than progesterone.. promegestone : A progestin consisting of 17beta-propionylestra-4,9-dien-3-one substituted at position 17 by a methyl group.	2	1	20-oxo steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid	antineoplastic agent; progesterone receptor agonist; progestin
1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1,2,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: structure in first source	2.43	2
2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is chlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group.	1.99	1	dichlorobiphenyl; monochlorobenzenes
2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	10.51	64	hexachlorobiphenyl
pcb 180 PCB 180: C12-H3-Cl7	2.13	1	polychlorobiphenyl
2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl : A tetrachlorobiphenyl that is biphenyl in which the hydrogens at the 2 and 5 position of each benzene ring are replaced by chlorines.	2.43	2	dichlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl
2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.5	2
thiocholine Thiocholine: A mercaptocholine used as a reagent for the determination of CHOLINESTERASES. It also serves as a highly selective nerve stain.	1.99	1
2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2	1
2,3,4,2',3',4'-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	3.16	5
2,3,3',4,4',5-hexachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.95	4	dichlorobenzene; hexachlorobiphenyl; tetrachlorobenzene
aroclor 1016 [no description available]	1.99	1
2,8-dichlorodibenzo-4-dioxin 2,8-dichlorodibenzo-4-dioxin: metabolite for 2,3,7,8-TCDD	1.99	1
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin: structure given in first source	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxin 1,2,4-trichlorodibenzo-1,4-dioxin: structure given in first source	1.99	1
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin [no description available]	2.74	3	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-4-dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzo-4-dioxin: structure given in first source. 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzodioxine : An organobromine compound that is dibenzodioxine carrying four bromo substituents at positions 2, 3, 7 and 8.	1.99	1	dibenzodioxine; organobromine compound
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran: toxic product which was generated in Italy due to an explosion in a plant manufacturing 2,4,5-trichlorophenol	2.94	4	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
chlorodiphenyl (54% chlorine) Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine): A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls that induces hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity towards thyroxine.. Aroclor 1254 : A mixture of polychlorobiphenyls of unspecified composition, containing 54% chlorine (X = Cl or H).	2.41	2
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid [no description available]	2.07	1	chromanol; monocarboxylic acid; phenols	antioxidant; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger; Wnt signalling inhibitor
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.	2.02	1	epoxide	intercalator
2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source	5.25	16	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source; RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzodioxin: contaminant of pentachlorophenol	2	1	polychlorinated dibenzodioxine
1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran [no description available]	1.99	1	polychlorinated dibenzofuran
2,3,4,4'5-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.96	4	monochlorobenzenes; pentachlorobiphenyl; tetrachlorobenzene
1,3-di-(4-imidazolino-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane 1,3-di-(4-imidazolino-2-methoxyphenoxy)propane: structure given in first source	1.99	1
propamidine propamidine: structure given in first source. propamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of propane-1,3-diol. Used (as its isethionate salt) for the treatment of minor eye or eyelid infections, such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis.	1.99	1	aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug
norharman norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd. beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring.	1.99	1	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.5	2	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
hexamidine hexamidine : A polyether that is the bis(4-guanidinophenyl) ether of hexane-1,6-diol.	1.99	1	aromatic ether; guanidines; polyether	antimicrobial agent; antiseptic drug
2-ethylimidazole [no description available]	1.99	1
2-methoxyestradiol 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid, being 17beta-estradiol methoxylated at C-2.	2.02	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid	angiogenesis modulating agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite
perfluorohexanoic acid perfluorohexanoic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is perfluorinated hexanoic acid.	2.15	1	fluoroalkanoic acid	environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
4-methoxyestradiol 4-methoxyestradiol: RN given refers to (17beta)-isomer. 4-methoxy-17beta-estradiol : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a methoxy group.	2.02	1	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; aromatic ether; phenols	estrogen; human metabolite; rat metabolite
2-phenylimidazole [no description available]	1.99	1
homoeriodictyol homoeriodictyol: structure in first source. homoeriodictyol : A trihydroxyflavanone that consists of 3'-methoxyflavanone in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4', 5, and 7.	3.13	1	3'-methoxyflavanones; 4'-hydroxyflavanones; monomethoxyflavanone; trihydroxyflavanone	flavouring agent; metabolite
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid : A perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid that is octane-1-sulfonic acid in which all seventeen of the hydrogens that are attached to carbons hvae been replaced by fluorines.	2.59	2	perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid	antilipemic drug; persistent organic pollutant
tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol [no description available]	1.99	1
2-aminoimidazole 2-aminoimidazole: from catabolism of arginine	1.99	1
hexyltrimethylammonium hexyltrimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1
trimethyl(4-oxopentyl)ammonium trimethyl(4-oxopentyl)ammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd; acetylcholine antag. N,N,N-trimethyl-N-(4-oxopentyl)ammonium : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are methyl (three) and 4-oxopentyl.	1.99	1	quaternary ammonium ion
2,2',4,6,6'-pentachlorobiphenyl [no description available]	2.03	1
glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.	2.05	1	D-glucuronic acid	algal metabolite
2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether [no description available]	2.97	4	aromatic ether; organobromine compound
2,5-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3h-pyrazolo(4,3-c)quinolin-3-one [no description available]	1.99	1
diacetyldichlorofluorescein diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein	2.03	1
3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl [no description available]	1.97	1
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: isolated from brain tissue & urine; extremely potent displacer of diazepam from brain benzodiazepam receptors; structure in first source	1.99	1	beta-carbolines
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source	1.99	1	beta-carbolines
indolo(3,2-b)carbazole indolo(3,2-b)carbazole: potent inducer of cytochrome P-4501A1-dependent monooxygenase	2.08	1
benzyloxyresorufin [no description available]	2	1
1,3-di(4-imidazolinophenoxyl)propane 1,3-di(4-imidazolinophenoxyl)propane: structure given in first source	1.99	1
dibenzyl trisulfide dibenzyl trisulfide: structure in first source; an antiproliferative agent	2.31	1
fullerene c60 Fullerenes: A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.. fullerene : A compound composed solely of an even number of carbon atoms, which form a cage-like fused-ring polycyclic system with twelve five-membered rings and the rest six-membered rings. The term has been broadened to include any closed cage structure consisting entirely of three-coordinate carbon atoms.	2.1	1	fullerene	geroprotector
3-ethoxy-beta-carboline 3-ethoxy-beta-carboline: high affinity benzodiazepine receptor ligand with partial inverse agonist properties	1.99	1
tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: benzodiazepine receptor antagonist	1.99	1
butamidine butamidine: RN refers to HCl; structure in first source	1.99	1
omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent.	2.07	1	amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid
1-ethynylpyrene 1-ethynylpyrene: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 12/84	2.01	1
angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).	2.02	1	amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II	human metabolite
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.73	3	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
2-chlorobiphenyl 2-chlorobiphenyl: RN from Toxlit. 2-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.. monochlorobiphenyl : A chlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at unspecified position.. chlorobiphenyl : A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups.	2.03	1	monochlorobiphenyl
benzofurans Benzofurans: Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.	5.74	26
methylmercuric chloride methylmercuric chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd	2.03	1	chlorine molecular entity; mercury coordination entity; one-carbon compound
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.07	1
bradykinin [no description available]	2	1	oligopeptide	human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent
ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa.	2	1
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	1.99	1	tripeptide
trichostatin a trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES	2.1	1	antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin	bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector
tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.	2.02	1	retinoic acid; vitamin A	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	7.69	3	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	2.91	4	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
oleic acid Oleic Acid: An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed). oleic acid : An octadec-9-enoic acid in which the double bond at C-9 has Z (cis) stereochemistry.	1.99	1	octadec-9-enoic acid	antioxidant; Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; solvent
tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis.	2	1	macrolide lactam	bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent
afimoxifene afimoxifene : A tertiary amino compound that is tamoxifen in which the phenyl group which is in a Z- relationship to the ethyl substituent is hydroxylated at the para- position. It is the active metabolite of tamoxifen.	2.03	1	phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; estrogen receptor antagonist; metabolite
decitabine [no description available]	2.1	1	2'-deoxyribonucleoside
3-chlorodibenzofuran 3-chlorodibenzofuran: structure given in first source	1.99	1
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	2.38	2	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)	1.97	1	flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group
6,2',4'-trimethoxyflavone 6,2',4'-trimethoxyflavone: structure in first source	2.11	1
methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.	2	1	1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones	antithyroid drug
chlorogenic acid caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.	2.13	1	cinnamate ester; tannin	food component; plant metabolite
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	2.45	2
tamoxifen [no description available]	2.03	1	stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator
nadp [no description available]	2.03	1
1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol 1-(4-hydroxybenzyl)imidazole-2-thiol: RN & structure given in first source; RN not in Chemline 3/87	1.99	1
cystine [no description available]	2.11	1
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.02	1
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2	1	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
rhodamine 123 Rhodamine 123: A fluorescent probe with low toxicity which is a potent substrate for ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 and the bacterial multidrug efflux transporter. It is used to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics in living cells and to measure the efflux activity of ATP BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTER, SUBFAMILY B, MEMBER 1 in both normal and malignant cells. (Leukemia 1997;11(7):1124-30). rhodamine 123(1+) : A cationic fluorescent dye derived from 9-phenylxanthene.	2.02	1	organic cation; xanthene dye	fluorochrome
3-propoxy-beta-carboline 3-propoxy-beta-carboline: structure in first source	1.99	1
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	2.06	1	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
acacetin 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-methyl ether derivative of apigenin.	3.13	1	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	anticonvulsant; plant metabolite
linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.	2.4	2	octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite
kaempferol [no description available]	3.13	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; flavonols; tetrahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
genistein [no description available]	2.61	2	7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
harman harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A.	1.99	1	harmala alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
kaempferide kaempferide: structure in first source. kaempferide : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 4'-O-methyl derivative of kaempferol.	3.13	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	antihypertensive agent; metabolite
myricetin [no description available]	2.07	1	7-hydroxyflavonol; hexahydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; food component; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5h-pyrido(4,3-b)indole 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido(4,3-b)indole: structure	2	1	pyridoindole
1-Ethyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole [no description available]	1.99	1	harmala alkaloid
ici 118551 ICI 118551: RN given refers to (R,R)-(+-)-isomer; structure in first source; ICI 111581 is hydrochloride of ICI 118551. ICI 118551 : An indane substituted at position 7 by a methyl group and at position 4 by a 3-(isopropylamino)-2-hydroxybutoxy group (the 2R,3S-diastereomer).	2.02	1	aromatic ether; indanes; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound	beta-adrenergic antagonist
selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.	7.95	4	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
salvianolic acid B salvianolic acid B: isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. salvianolic acid B : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is an antioxidant and free radical scavenging compound extracted from S. miltiorrhiza	2.13	1	1-benzofurans; catechols; dicarboxylic acid; enoate ester; polyphenol	anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; hepatoprotective agent; hypoglycemic agent; neuroprotective agent; osteogenesis regulator; plant metabolite
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	1.99	1	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
sk&f 102698 [no description available]	1.99	1
digalactosyldiacylglycerol digalactosyldiacylglycerol: two Galactoses bound to diacylglycerol; the mono Gal MGDG is also available; constitutes 20% of plant chloroplast lipids; see also 1,2-distearoyldigalactosyldiglyceride	2.1	1
n-monoacetylcystine N-monoacetylcystine: antidote for paracetamol poisoning	2.11	1
nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety.	2.39	2	organophosphate oxoanion	cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cosyntropin Cosyntropin: A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. ACTH (1-24), a segment similar in all species, contains the biological activity that stimulates production of CORTICOSTEROIDS in the ADRENAL CORTEX.. cosyntropin : A synthetic peptide that is identical to the 24-amino acid segment at the N-terminal of adrenocorticotropic hormone (corticotropin). A segment similar in all species, it contains the biological activity that stimulates production of corticosteroids in the adrenal cortex. It is used diagnostically to investigate adrenocortical insufficiency.	2	1
cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.	2	1
atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.	2	1	polypeptide
glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence.	2.11	1	peptide hormone
oligonucleotides [no description available]	2.42	2
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.13	1	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
hoe 33342 bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride: benzimidazole fluorescent dye	2.15	1
interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.	2.11	1
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.42	2	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
dicumarol Dicumarol: An oral anticoagulant that interferes with the metabolism of vitamin K. It is also used in biochemical experiments as an inhibitor of reductases.	2.05	1	hydroxycoumarin	anticoagulant; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; Hsp90 inhibitor; vitamin K antagonist
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.91	4
cyclin d1 Cyclin D1: Protein encoded by the bcl-1 gene which plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle. Overexpression of cyclin D1 is the result of bcl-1 rearrangement, a t(11;14) translocation, and is implicated in various neoplasms.	2.03	1
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	1.98	1
transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.	2	1
cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).	2.02	1
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.01	1
cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.	2.45	2	3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
xav939 XAV939: selectively inhibits beta-catenin-mediated transcription; structure in first source. XAV939 : A thiopyranopyrimidine in which a 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine skeleton is substituted at C-4 by a hydroxy group and at C-2 by a para-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group.	2.11	1	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; thiopyranopyrimidine	tankyrase inhibitor
metallothionein Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals.	2.13	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	3.92	4
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	3.92	4
Liver Steatosis [description not available]	3.39	6
Weight Reduction [description not available]	2.41	1
Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.	3.39	6
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	2.41	1
Diathesis [description not available]	2.31	1
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available]	4.35	19
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	3.25	4
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	4.78	30
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	3.67	8
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	3.67	8
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	3.62	7
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	3.58	8
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	3.62	7
Malnourishment [description not available]	2.6	1
Alcoholic Liver Diseases [description not available]	2.6	1
Liver Diseases, Alcoholic Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.	2.6	1
Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.	2.6	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	5.16	45
Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.	2.6	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	3.01	2
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	3.01	2
Disbacteriosis [description not available]	2.91	3
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	3.7	9
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	3.86	11
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	3.7	9
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	3.86	11
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	2.25	1
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	2.25	1
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available]	3.6	8
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.	3.6	8
Cirrhosis [description not available]	2.63	2
Blood Clot [description not available]	2.25	1
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	2.78	3
Fibrosis Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.	2.63	2
Thrombosis Formation and development of a thrombus or blood clot in the blood vessel.	2.25	1
Choline Deficiency A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)	2.15	1
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.55	2
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	2.15	1
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.55	2
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	2.15	1
Body Weight, Fetal [description not available]	2.17	1
Thyroid Diseases Pathological processes involving the THYROID GLAND.	2.17	1
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.55	2
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.55	2
Dyslipidemia [description not available]	2.21	1
Dyslipidemias Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.	2.21	1
Cardiac Toxicity [description not available]	2.21	1
Cardiotoxicity Damage to the HEART or its function secondary to exposure to toxic substances such as drugs used in CHEMOTHERAPY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; or RADIATION.	2.21	1
Experimental Hepatoma [description not available]	3.51	8
Cocarcinogenesis The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.	2.08	1
Abnormality, Heart [description not available]	3.15	5
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	3.72	10
Heart Defects, Congenital Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.	3.15	5
Adrenocortical Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm of the ADRENAL CORTEX. Adrenocortical carcinomas are unencapsulated anaplastic (ANAPLASIA) masses sometimes exceeding 20 cm or 200 g. They are more likely to be functional than nonfunctional, and produce ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES that may result in hypercortisolism (CUSHING SYNDROME); HYPERALDOSTERONISM; and/or VIRILISM.	2.1	1
Cancer of Endometrium [description not available]	2.46	2
Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.	2.46	2
Enlarged Liver [description not available]	2.52	2
Central Hypothyroidism [description not available]	2.49	2
Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction.	2.49	2
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.11	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.98	4
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	2.04	1
Abnormalities, Jaw [description not available]	2.04	1
Anasarca [description not available]	2.44	2
Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.	2.44	2
Cleft Palate, Isolated [description not available]	2.05	1
Cleft Palate Congenital fissure of the soft and/or hard palate, due to faulty fusion.	2.05	1
Anoxemia [description not available]	2.05	1
Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.	2.05	1
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available]	2.05	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	2.05	1
Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia A benign form of endometrial hyperplasia with increased number of cells with atypia. The atypical cells are large and irregular and have an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma rises with the increasing degree of cell atypia.	2.05	1
Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.	2.44	2
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	2.05	1
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	2.05	1
Endometrial Hyperplasia Benign proliferation of the ENDOMETRIUM in the UTERUS. Endometrial hyperplasia is classified by its cytology and glandular tissue. There are simple, complex (adenomatous without atypia), and atypical hyperplasia representing also the ascending risk of becoming malignant.	2.05	1
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	2.05	1
Choriocarcinoma A malignant metastatic form of trophoblastic tumors. Unlike the HYDATIDIFORM MOLE, choriocarcinoma contains no CHORIONIC VILLI but rather sheets of undifferentiated cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts (TROPHOBLASTS). It is characterized by the large amounts of CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN produced. Tissue origins can be determined by DNA analyses: placental (fetal) origin or non-placental origin (CHORIOCARCINOMA, NON-GESTATIONAL).	2.42	2
Diseases, Occupational [description not available]	2.05	1
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.44	2
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	2.44	2
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	2.06	1
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	2.06	1
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	2.06	1
Abnormalities, Cardiovascular [description not available]	2.07	1
Cardiovascular Abnormalities Congenital, inherited, or acquired anomalies of the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM, including the HEART and BLOOD VESSELS.	2.07	1
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	2.48	2
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	2.72	3
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	2.1	1
Parodontosis [description not available]	2.08	1
Maxillary Diseases Diseases involving the MAXILLA.	2.08	1
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.	2.44	2
Periodontal Diseases Pathological processes involving the PERIODONTIUM including the gum (GINGIVA), the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS), the DENTAL CEMENTUM, and the PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT.	2.08	1
Arterial Inflammation [description not available]	2.01	1
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	2.01	1
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	2.01	1
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	2.02	1
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	2.02	1
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	2.02	1
Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.	2.02	1
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	2.02	1
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.41	2
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	2.02	1
Fish Diseases Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).	2.03	1
Habronemiasis [description not available]	2.03	1
Breast Cancer [description not available]	3.11	5
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	3.11	5
Adenoma, Hepatocellular [description not available]	2.03	1
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	2.03	1
Cancer of Digestive System [description not available]	2.03	1
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	2.03	1
Digestive System Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	2.03	1
Deficiency, Ascorbic Acid [description not available]	2.03	1
Ascorbic Acid Deficiency A condition due to a dietary deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C), characterized by malaise, lethargy, and weakness. As the disease progresses, joints, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues may become the sites of hemorrhage. Ascorbic acid deficiency frequently develops into SCURVY in young children fed unsupplemented cow's milk exclusively during their first year. It develops also commonly in chronic alcoholism. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1177)	2.03	1
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda An autosomal dominant or acquired porphyria due to a deficiency of UROPORPHYRINOGEN DECARBOXYLASE in the LIVER. It is characterized by photosensitivity and cutaneous lesions with little or no neurologic symptoms. Type I is the acquired form and is strongly associated with liver diseases and hepatic toxicities caused by alcohol or estrogenic steroids. Type II is the familial form.	2.42	2
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	2.03	1
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	2.03	1
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	2.03	1
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	2.03	1
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.03	1
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	2.03	1
Anxiety Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.	2.03	1
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.73	3
Craniofacial Abnormalities Congenital structural deformities, malformations, or other abnormalities of the cranium and facial bones.	2.03	1
Academic Disorder, Developmental [description not available]	2.04	1
Learning Disabilities Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.	2.04	1
Embryopathies [description not available]	1.99	1
Eye Abnormalities Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.	1.99	1
Condition, Preneoplastic [description not available]	1.99	1
Precancerous Conditions Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.	1.99	1
Hormone-Dependent Neoplasms [description not available]	2.4	2
Alveolar Bone Atrophy [description not available]	2	1
Endometrioma An enlarged area of ENDOMETRIOSIS that resembles a tumor. It is usually found in the OVARY. When it is filled with old blood, it is known as a chocolate cyst.	2	1
Endometriosis A condition in which functional endometrial tissue is present outside the UTERUS. It is often confined to the PELVIS involving the OVARY, the ligaments, cul-de-sac, and the uterovesical peritoneum.	2	1
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	2	1
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available]	2	1
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	2	1
Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)	2	1
Bleeding [description not available]	2	1
Hemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.	2	1
Osteolysis Dissolution of bone that particularly involves the removal or loss of calcium.	2	1
Infections, Vibrio [description not available]	2	1
Chemical Sensitivities, Multiple [description not available]	2.01	1

3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl

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