postsynaptic membrane

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. [ISBN:0198506732]

The postsynaptic membrane is a specialized region of the plasma membrane of a neuron that receives signals from presynaptic neurons. It is characterized by the presence of a high concentration of neurotransmitter receptors, which bind to neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic neuron. The postsynaptic membrane is also enriched in various proteins, including scaffolding proteins, signaling molecules, and ion channels. These proteins work together to mediate the transmission of signals across the synapse.

The postsynaptic membrane is a complex structure that can be divided into several distinct components:

* **Neurotransmitter receptors:** These proteins bind to neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic neuron, triggering a cascade of events that ultimately lead to a change in the postsynaptic neuron's electrical activity.
* **Scaffolding proteins:** These proteins act as a framework for organizing and anchoring other proteins, such as receptors and signaling molecules, at the postsynaptic membrane.
* **Signaling molecules:** These proteins are involved in transmitting signals from neurotransmitter receptors to other cellular components, such as ion channels.
* **Ion channels:** These proteins form pores in the postsynaptic membrane that allow ions to flow in and out of the cell. This movement of ions can lead to a change in the postsynaptic neuron's electrical potential.

The postsynaptic membrane is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. It allows neurons to communicate with each other, which is essential for all aspects of brain function, including learning, memory, and behavior.

In addition to the components listed above, the postsynaptic membrane may also contain other proteins, such as:

* **Adhesion molecules:** These proteins help to anchor the postsynaptic membrane to the presynaptic membrane, ensuring that the two membranes are correctly aligned for synaptic transmission.
* **Enzymes:** These proteins catalyze specific biochemical reactions, such as the synthesis or degradation of neurotransmitters.
* **Transporters:** These proteins move molecules across the postsynaptic membrane, such as neurotransmitters or ions.

The specific composition of the postsynaptic membrane can vary depending on the type of synapse and the neurons involved. However, the general principles of postsynaptic membrane organization and function are conserved throughout the nervous system.'
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Proteins (95)

Compounds (2,348)