| Excerpt | Reference |
|---|
| "Since 1971, we have surgically treated spasticity in 109 cases of cerebral palsy with posterior rhizotomy." | ( Barolat-Romana, G; Broggi, G; Fasano, VA; Sguazzi, A, 1978) |
| "Seventy-seven patients with muscle spasticity secondary to central nervous system pathology were treated with dantrolene sodium for periods of up to two years." | ( Joynt, RL, 1976) |
| "Thirty patients with post-stroke spastic hemiparesis treated with Tetrazepam took part in the investigation." | ( Milanov, I, 1992) |
| "No improvement in her spasticity was achieved by baclofen therapy and the side effects of the drug necessitated its gradual withdrawal." | ( Sandford, PR; Sawasky, KB; Spengler, SE, 1992) |
| "Ten patients with spastic drop foot were treated by local injections of botulinum toxin A (botulinum toxin A haemagglutinin complex)." | ( Bettig, U; Dengler, R; Janzik, HH; Neyer, U; Wohlfarth, K, 1992) |
| "In 14 patients, contractures caused by spasticity were successfully treated with plaster casts, which were changed weekly." | ( Frischhut, B; Saltuari, L, 1992) |
| "Two patients who had severe spinal spasticity with painful flexor spasms were treated with oral baclofen with relief of symptoms." | ( Narayanaswamy, AS, 1992) |
| "The recurrent dislocation resulted from spasticity from a spinal lesion, but the treatment focused on technical solutions related to the hip." | ( Bunning, RD; Witten, CM, 1992) |
| "Ten patients with severe spasticity were evaluated according to a standardized protocol in order to be treated by intraspinal baclofen." | ( Closa, C; Garcia-Fernandez, L; Guitart, JM; Jodar, R; Muxi, T; Noguer, M; Rubio, E; Sahuquillo, J, 1991) |
| "The reduction of spasticity after administration of intrathecal fentanyl, 35 micrograms, and intrathecal lidocaine, 50 mg, was compared with preinjection spasticity levels in ten subjects with central nervous system disease or injury." | ( Chabal, C; Jacobson, L; Schwid, HA, 1991) |
| "The independent variable was spasticity medication treatment, where the levels were 40 mg/day and 80 mg/day of baclofen v placebo treatment." | ( Deitz, J; deLateur, BJ; Hinderer, SR; Lehmann, JF; Price, R; White, O, 1990) |
| "Since 1986 21 patients with severe spasticity mainly in multiple sclerosis were treated with an implantable pump system to administrate continuously Baclofen intrathecally." | ( Behrens, C; Braunsdorf, WE; Kleiter, K; Kuhlendahl, HD; Volkheimer, A, 1990) |
| "Eighteen patients presenting a severe spastic syndrome were treated with chronic intrathecal infusion of baclofen in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid." | ( Bastide, R; Carillo, JP; Lazorthes, Y; Sallerin-Caute, B; Verdie, JC, 1990) |
| "This procedure is recommended for spasticity of spinal origin refractory to physiotherapy and oral medication." | ( Gardner, BP; Gybels, J; Jamous, A; Linderoth, B; Meyerson, BA; Ochs, G; Struppler, A; Teddy, P; Weinmann, P, 1989) |
| "Twenty patients with spinal spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis or spinal-cord injury who had had no response to treatment with oral baclofen received an intrathecal infusion of baclofen or saline for three days." | ( Corcos, D; Gottlieb, G; Kroin, JS; Latash, M; Parke, B; Penn, RD; Savoy, SM, 1989) |
| "Comparison of sham-operated spastic dogs and rhizotomy-treated spastic animals showed that there was a 25% decrease in the uptake of both amino acids in the rhizotomy-treated spastic group." | ( Chernet, E; Hall, PV; McBride, WJ; Sartorius, C; Shapiro, S, 1988) |
| "The main indication was incapacitating spasticity resistant to oral treatment with baclofen and caused by spinal cord injury or lesion (11 patients), multiple sclerosis (11 patients), infantile cerebral palsy (3 patients) and cerebral injury, hypoxia or ischaemia (5 patients)." | ( Dralle, D; Müller, H; Wurdinger, T; Zierski, J, 1988) |
| "The functional impairment due to spasticity must be carefully assessed before any treatment is considered." | ( Katz, RT, 1988) |
| "Sixteen patients suffering from spasticity due to multiple sclerosis were treated with baclofen and tizanidine in a partially blind cross-over study." | ( Hoogstraten, MC; Minderhoud, JM; van der Ploeg, RJ; van Marle, S; vd Burg, W; Vreeling, A, 1988) |
| "However, when the spasticity is severe, the systemic administration has to be increased, often without therapeutic effects but frequently with central side-effects." | ( Rea, GL; Siegfried, J, 1987) |
| "The anti-spastic effect of a new drug, tizanidine, was compared with that of baclofen in a double-blind clinical trial; 40 seriously handicapped patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were randomly allocated treatment with one or the other drug for a 6-week period." | ( Nordal, HJ; Oftedal, SI; Slettebø, M; Stien, R, 1987) |
| "In man, spasticity of spinal origin may be treated effectively by intrathecal administration of hyperbaric phenol solutions." | ( Herman, R; Soriano, D, 1971) |
| "6 women with spastic striated external sphincter syndrome were studied urodynamically and subsequently treated with an alpha-adrenoceptor-blocking agent." | ( Gerstenberg, TC; Lindenberg, J; Lykkegaard Nielsen, M, 1983) |
| "In 25 patients with spasticity, pharmacokinetics and effects of dantrolene sodium were investigated after prolonged administration." | ( Agoston, S; Bakker, H; Kok, JJ; Meyler, WJ; Wesseling, H, 1981) |
| "Because acquired spasticity is dynamic and usually improves slowly, a temporary treatment method used to ameliorate increased muscle tone is desirable." | ( Abrams, RA; Bodine-Fowler, SC; Botte, MJ, 1995) |
| "Treating severe spasticity with the continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen through an implantable delivery system is a new and successful alternative to oral medications and ablative surgical procedures." | ( Gianino, J, 1993) |
| "Gait, spasticity, degree of neurogenic bladder and somatosensitive evoked potentials were assessed during treatment." | ( Cartier, L; Castillo, JL; Verdugo, R, 1996) |
| "Severe spinal spasticity has been shown to be a good indication for continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion (CIBI), but there is only limited experience with this treatment in patients with supraspinal spasticity." | ( Alberti, O; Bauer, BL; Becker, R, 1997) |
| "Twelve consecutive patients with severe spasticity and hypertonia following acquired brain injury were treated with continuous intrathecal infusion of baclofen via an implanted, programmable infusion pump-catheter system for a minimum of 3 months." | ( Hadley, MN; McCary, A; Meythaler, JM, 1997) |
| "As some patients with spasticity are either refractory to or intolerant of established medical treatments, we conducted this study to investigate the effect of gabapentin on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury." | ( Gruenthal, M; Mueller, M; Olson, WH; Olson, WL; Priebe, MM; Sherwood, AM, 1997) |
| "In patients with spastic CP and lower-extremity contractures, spasticity should be treated before orthopedic procedures are performed." | ( Albright, AL; Gerszten, PC; Johnstone, GF, 1998) |
| "35 patients with severe spasticity, 29 of spinal origin and six of supraspinal origin resistant to conservative treatment, had a programmable pump (Synchromed, Medtronic) for continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion implanted." | ( Berg-Johnsen, J; Lundar, T; Røste, GK; Solgaard, T, 1998) |
| "Eighteen patients with severe spasticity of cerebral origin, who failed to respond adequately to more conservative treatments, have-been treated with continuous infusion of intrathecal baclofen delivered via an implanted pump." | ( Rawicki, B, 1999) |
| "To quantitatively assess the antispastic effect of intrathecally administered baclofen on muscle stiffness in spastic patients." | ( Detrembleur, C; Plaghki, L, 2000) |
| "The present study shows that the antispastic effect of intrathecally administered baclofen in spastic patients can be quantitatively assessed by a sensitive method allowing measurement of elastic and viscous components of muscle stiffness." | ( Detrembleur, C; Plaghki, L, 2000) |
| "Fourteen spastic MS patients were examined in a placebo controlled double-blind, cross-over trial of oral baclofen treatment." | ( Larsen, TK; Orsnes, GB; Ravnborg, M; Sørensen, PS, 2000) |
| "Therapy for spasticity is symptomatic with the aim of increasing functional capacity and relieving discomfort." | ( Goodkin, DE; Kita, M, 2000) |
| "When excessive spasticity is not sufficiently controlled by physical therapy and pharmacological treatment, patients can have recourse to neurosurgery: neurostimulation, intrathecal baclofen or selective ablative procedures." | ( Mertens, P; Sindou, MP, 2000) |
| "This article discusses the treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin A as a new approach in the neurological rehabilitation of patients after stroke." | ( Bardeleben, A; Brandi-Hesse, B; Funk, M; Hesse, S; Werner, C, 2001) |
| "Three patients with intractable spasticity were treated with intrathecal baclofen." | ( Adamski, E; Fischer, E; Ordia, JI; Spatz, EL, 2001) |
| "A quadriplegic patient with severe spasticity, treated with dantrolene (400 mg daily) for 5 years, had dyspnea, orthopnea, hypoxia, and right-sided opacity of the chest on radiograph." | ( Felz, MW; Haviland-Foley, DJ, 2001) |
| "A well known drug in the treatment of spasticity is the GABA(B) agonist Baclofen." | ( de Louw, AJ; de Vente, J; Steinbusch, HP; Steinbusch, HW; Troost, J; Vles, JS, 2002) |
| "Complex pain syndromes due to spasticity and central deafferentation often fail to respond to medical therapy and create challenging problems in the pain management." | ( Becker, R; Bertalanffy, H; Gatscher, S; Uhle, E, 2002) |
| "Patients with spasticity treated with intrathecal application of baclofen and morphine were pain free for a mean period of 2 years." | ( Becker, R; Bertalanffy, H; Gatscher, S; Uhle, E, 2002) |
| "Hip adductor spasticity and strength in participants with cerebral palsy (CP) were quantified before and after selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) and intensive physical therapy." | ( Engsberg, JR; Park, TS; Ross, SA; Wagner, JM, 2002) |
| "The present study shows that the antispastic effect of intrathecally administered BBT can be quantitatively assessed and visualised using the described method." | ( Mehrholz, J; Mrass, G; Pause, M; Pohl, M; Rockstroh, G; Rückriem, S, 2002) |
| "In such patients, treatment of spasticity is warranted." | ( Al-Shahrani, AM, 2003) |
| "Thirty children with spasticity of cerebral origin receiving ITB therapy." | ( Bader, KA; Bjornson, KF; Desmond, SA; Loeser, JD; McLaughlin, JF; Nowak-Cooperman, KM; Russel, M, 2003) |
| "Children and young adults with severe spasticity and dystonia of cerebral origin are difficult to treat in spite of optimal systemic antispasmotic therapy with baclofen, tizanidine, dantrolene and/or diazepam." | ( Fischer, C; Hansen, FJ; Illum, NO; Nielsen, OA; Uldall, PV, 2003) |
| "Why is it important to treat spastic patients and what treatment does one use? When should one consider a change in the strategy and why is it necessary to have a clear discharge policy from the service to avoid serious logistic problems? The review reiterates the role of physical treatment in the management and thereafter the maintenance of patients with spasticity." | ( Ward, AB, 2003) |
| "Efficacy of intrathecal baclofen for spasticity of spinal origin has been well established and has shown promise in treatment of spasticity that is not spinal in origin." | ( Clairmont, AC; George, RJ; Johnson, EW; Kadyan, V, 2003) |
| "For children whose spasticity and movement disorders are inadequately treated by oral medications and botulinum toxins, neurosurgical procedures are now available to effectively treat spasticity, tremor, and many cases of dystonia." | ( Albright, AL, 2003) |
| "To report treatment of spasticity in a spinal cord-injured person with intrathecal morphine after the person developed tolerance to intrathecal baclofen." | ( Mani, RM; Oo, T; Soni, BM; Vaidyanathan, S, 2003) |
| "To ascertain the prevalence of spasticity among adults living in a developmental center and to document the development of spasticity treatment plans for this population." | ( Charles, PD; Damian, MM; Noel-Spaudling, S; Pfister, AA; Roberts, AG; Taylor, HM, 2003) |
| "Early results of spasticity treatment in cerebral palsy with intrathecal baclofen infusions are very promising." | ( Grottel, K; Huber, J; Idzior, M; Jóźwiak, M; Szulc, A, 2003) |
| "Baclofen is used for treatment of the spasticity of spinal origin that is a common sequela of spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis; spasticity occurs in about 50% of patients affected by these disorders." | ( Dario, A; Tomei, G, 2004) |
| "Treatment with antispastic agents assumes that these features contribute to the movement disorder, although it is unclear whether they persist during voluntary contraction." | ( Burne, JA; Carleton, VL; O'Dwyer, NJ, 2005) |
| "One-fifth of the children with spastic diplegia had been treated with selective dorsal rhizotomy." | ( Andersson, S; Düppe, H; Hägglund, G; Lauge-Pedersen, H; Nordmark, E; Pedertsen, HL; Westbom, L, 2005) |
| "Group 1: Spastic quadriparesis patients with impaired consciousness treated with the primary goal of improving comfort and well-being; Group 2: Patients with upper limb spasticity treated with the primary goal of improving arm functioning; Group 3: Lower limb spasticity patients treated with the primary goal of improving leg function." | ( Ceulemans, B; Molenaers, G; van Rhijn, J, 2005) |
| "Patients with intractable spasticity (N=138) who responded positively to a trial dose of baclofen (n=133) and who began ITB therapy (n=129) were enrolled." | ( Guillaume, D; Roeste, G; Van Havenbergh, A; Vidal, J; Vloeberghs, M, 2005) |
| "In ambulatory patients with spasticity, it is possible that ITB treatment may compromise ambulatory function by unmasking underlying muscle weakness." | ( Sadiq, SA; Wang, GC, 2006) |
| "Successful treatment of severe spasticity represents an imperative of symptomatic therapy of multiple sclerosis (MS) due to a significant improvement of physical, psychic and social rehabilitation of MS patients, as well as a long-term cost savings for the additional treatments of conditions arising from uncontrolled severe spasticity." | ( Antić, B; Arsić, S; Dincić, E; Obradović, D; Perić, P, 2006) |
| "A 33-year-old man with refractory spasticity due to diffuse white matter injury was admitted for ITB treatment." | ( Hanci, L; Hanci, M; Hanimoglu, H; Tanriverdi, T; Tunali, Y, 2006) |
| "Treatment with ITB decreases spasticity in the upper and lower extremities and has been associated with improved function and decreased musculoskeletal contractures." | ( Albright, AL; Ferson, SS, 2006) |
| "To quantitatively assess the change in spasticity of the impaired wrist joint in chronic stroke patients after electro-acupuncture treatment." | ( Liu, W; McPeak, LK; Mukherjee, M; Redford, JB; Sun, C, 2007) |
| "Symptoms relating to spasticity are common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and can be difficult to treat." | ( Collin, C; Davies, P; Mutiboko, IK; Ratcliffe, S, 2007) |
| "Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin in children with cerebral palsy was first reported in 1993." | ( Bjornson, K; Cohen, M; Graubert, C; Hays, R; McLaughlin, JF; Price, R; Won, F, 2007) |
| "Most antispastic treatments are, therefore, directed at the reduction of reflex activity." | ( Dietz, V; Sinkjaer, T, 2007) |
| "This therapy is indicated in severe spasticity of cerebral or spinal origin that is unresponsive to oral antispastic medications." | ( Koulousakis, A; Kuchta, J, 2007) |
| "When assessing a spastic patient alternative treatments such as Botox and peripheral neurotomies must also be considered, particularly in cases of predominantly focal spasticity." | ( Dones, I, 2007) |
| "Neurosurgical treatments for spasticity in children include the traditional selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) and intrathecal baclofen pumps (ITBPs), which have been widely used in the past decade as an attractive alternative." | ( Amini, A; Gooch, J; Grams, B; Kan, P; Kestle, J; Oberg, W; Ploeger, D; Simonsen, S; Walker, M, 2008) |
| "For children with moderate to severe spasticity, SDR and ITBP are both effective surgical treatments." | ( Amini, A; Gooch, J; Grams, B; Kan, P; Kestle, J; Oberg, W; Ploeger, D; Simonsen, S; Walker, M, 2008) |
| "Treatment of spasticity with intrathecal baclofen pump implantation is a chance for clinical improvement in patients with severe spasticity." | ( Fafara, A; Grzegorzewski, P; Kawecka, J; Kawecki, Z; Kwiatkowski, S, 2007) |
| "Both spastic behavior and electromyography (EMG) activity were significantly decreased at 1 and 3 h post-GBP injection when compared with the activity level following administration of saline." | ( Dwyer, MK; Kitzman, PH; Uhl, TL, 2007) |
| "The decision to treat spasticity must be justified and depended on its intensity." | ( Jaworek, M; Renata, K; Swierczyńska, A, 2007) |
| "A male and a female patient with spasticity treated with intrathecal baclofen were recognized to have sexual dysfunction side effects from treatment." | ( Chiodo, AE; Saval, A, 2008) |
| "Quantitative measurements of wrist spasticity, active wrist extension range of motion, isometric wrist strength, and clinical evaluation with Fugl-Meyer (FM) upper-limb motor scores were conducted before and after either treatment." | ( Liu, H; Liu, W; McPeak, LK; Mukherjee, M; Sun, C, 2008) |
| "Cramps and spasticity impair quality of life and function in patients with motor neuron diseases, and there are no proven treatments for these problems." | ( Bedlack, RS; Hawes, J; Heydt, D; Pastula, DM, 2009) |
| "Case series of 3 adults with severe spasticity treated with ITB pump: a 44-year-old man with C7 tetraplegia using a 40-mL Medtronic SynchroMed II pump with 500-microg/mL concentration; a 35-year-old woman with traumatic brain injury with right spastic hemiplegia using a 18-mL Medtronic SynchroMed EL pump with 2,000-microg/mL concentration; and a 43-year-old woman with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy using a 40-mL Medtronic SynchroMed II pump with 2,000-microg/mL concentration." | ( Chiodo, AE; Saval, A, 2008) |
| "While spasticity is commonly treated with oral agents or botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection, these treatments have not been systematically compared." | ( Barbano, R; Brashear, A; Gracies, JM; Simpson, DM; Yablon, SA, 2009) |
| "Plantarflexor spasticity, ankle muscle strength, and functional mobility were measured before treatment, weekly during treatment, and at follow-up at week 8 post-stroke." | ( Hui-Chan, CW; Yan, T, 2009) |
| "Since the pathophysiology of spasticity is not fully understood and since it is associated with many underlying conditions, its treatment can be complex, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, therapists, nurses, and pharmacists." | ( Mullarkey, T, 2009) |
| "When managing spasticity symptoms, a comprehensive treatment plan as well as a multidisciplinary approach is required." | ( Mullarkey, T, 2009) |
| "To determine whether baseline hand spastic hemiparesis assessed by the Chedoke-McMaster Assessment influences functional improvement after botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injections and postinjection therapy." | ( Chang, CL; Huber, LM; Munin, MC; Niyonkuru, C; Skidmore, ER; Weber, DJ, 2009) |
| "Although some objective measures of spasticity noted improvement trends, there were no changes found to be significant in post-treatment assessments." | ( Lakhan, SE; Rowland, M, 2009) |
| "For localized/segmental spasticity, botulinum toxin type A is established as an effective treatment to reduce spasticity in the upper and lower extremities." | ( Aisen, M; Ashwal, S; Delgado, MR; Fehlings, DL; Hirtz, D; McLaughlin, J; Morrison, LA; Shrader, MW; Tilton, A; Vargus-Adams, J, 2010) |
| "For localized/segmental spasticity that warrants treatment, botulinum toxin type A should be offered as an effective and generally safe treatment (Level A)." | ( Aisen, M; Ashwal, S; Delgado, MR; Fehlings, DL; Hirtz, D; McLaughlin, J; Morrison, LA; Shrader, MW; Tilton, A; Vargus-Adams, J, 2010) |
| "There are few reports of spasticity treatment for people with ID, and none of functionally meaningful outcomes." | ( Ayers, GD; Blair, CR; Charles, PD; Gill, CE; Konrad, PE; Putman, MS; Roberts, AG; Taylor, HM, 2010) |
| "The anti-spastic effects of footbath treatment were indicated by decreased F-wave parameters, in parallel with decreases in MAS." | ( Etoh, S; Kawahira, K; Matsumoto, S; Shimodozono, M; Shimozono, Y; Tanaka, N, 2010) |
| "During an outcomes study of spasticity treatment at a developmental center for 62 residents with profound intellectual disabilities, either botulinum toxin A (BTX-A), intrathecal baclofen (ITB), or both were recommended with physical and occupational therapy." | ( Charles, PD; Gill, CE; Harrison, CH; Nunez-Wallace, KR; Taylor, HM, 2010) |
| "The treatment of spasticity has considerably changed during last years, notably with the generalization of Botulinum toxin use." | ( Simon, O; Yelnik, AP, 2010) |
| "Accurate and precise assessment of spasticity is the first step in providing safe and effective treatments to patients for management of spasticity." | ( Anderson, LC; Bhimani, RH; Henly, SJ; Stoddard, SA, 2011) |
| "Local spasticity can be treated with botulinum toxin injections." | ( Grønning, M; Hagen, EM; Rekand, T, 2012) |
| "The principle indication to treat spasticity is disability or handicap of capabilities." | ( Abu-Mugheisib, M; Benecke, R; Zettl, UK, 2012) |
| "The medicinal treatment of spasticity includes use of oral treatments (baclofène and tizanidine), botulinum toxin, intrathecal baclofène and local application of alcohol or phenol." | ( Heinzlef, O; Monteil-Roch, I, 2012) |
| "Clinical measures of strength, spasticity/spasms, and walking ability were assessed in 12 individuals with chronic incomplete SCI following acute administration of either 8 mg cyproheptadine, a 5-HT antagonist, or 10 mg escitalopram, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), in a double-blinded, randomized, crossover fashion." | ( Hornby, TG; Thompson, CK, 2013) |
| "ITB therapy was indicated in severe spasticity that developed in seven cases of traumatic brain injuries, five cases of strokes and one case of anoxic brain injury." | ( Both, B; Dénes, Z; Klauber, A; Lóránd, E, 2012) |
| "The severity of spasticity as a consequence of brain injury can change during years and it is necessery to follow it with dosage and dynamics of baclofen therapy." | ( Both, B; Dénes, Z; Klauber, A; Lóránd, E, 2012) |
| "In this chapter we address how spasticity affects mobility and how this should be taken into account in the treatment of spasticity." | ( Dietz, V; Sinkjaer, T, 2012) |
| "Assessments, including the MS spasticity 0-10 numerical rating scale, modified Ashworth scale, patients' and physicians' clinical impressions, and QoL scales were rated at baseline and at 1 and 3 months after starting treatment with Sativex." | ( Flachenecker, P, 2013) |
| "Control of spasticity was achieved using FAAH inhibitors CAY100400, CAY100402 and URB597, which was sustained following repeated administrations." | ( Baker, D; Bisogno, T; Cabranes, A; Cravatt, BF; Di Marzo, V; Fernández-Ruiz, J; Giovannoni, G; Long, JZ; Pryce, G, 2013) |
| "Yet, spasticity remains largely undertreated." | ( Amato, MP; Koehler, J; Lycke, J; Oreja-Guevara, C, 2013) |
| "Adult patients with spasticity treated with ITB for at least 10 years." | ( Chang Chien, GC; Chu, SK; Marciniak, CM; Mathur, SN; McCormick, Z, 2014) |
| "After treatment of the adductor spasticity by obturator nerve block the patient achieved an upright standing position with a walker." | ( Akyuz, M; Ilgu, O; Ozer, NB; Yalcin, E, 2014) |
| "Treatment of severe spasticity and dystonia with intrathecal baclofen (ITB) in children has been shown to be effective and has therefore been employed in the Region of Southern Denmark." | ( Illum, NO; Kjærsgaard-Hansen, L; Overgård, TM; Søe, M, 2015) |
| "Functional improvement after focal spasticity therapy is well documented but knowledge about central correlates is sparse." | ( Bergfeldt, L; Bergfeldt, U; Jonsson, T; Julin, P, 2015) |
| "Increases in spasticity but not strength or lower limb function were observed with single-dose SSRI administration in individuals with chronic stroke." | ( Gourab, K; Hornby, TG; Schmit, BD, 2015) |
| "To compare spasticity levels, pain, sleep, fatigue, and quality of life between individuals receiving treatment with intrathecal versus oral baclofen." | ( Binler, D; Chu, SK; Lee, J; Marciniak, C; Mathur, SN; McCormick, ZL; Neudorf, D, 2016) |
| "Adult patients with spasticity, treated with intrathecal or oral baclofen for at least 1 year, matched 1:1 for age, gender, and diagnosis." | ( Binler, D; Chu, SK; Lee, J; Marciniak, C; Mathur, SN; McCormick, ZL; Neudorf, D, 2016) |
| "To assess if children with severe spasticity treated with long-term ITB pump would benefit from SDR as alternative procedure to replacement of ITB pump." | ( Ingale, H; Moussa, AA; Muquit, S; Ughratdar, I; Vloeberghs, MH, 2016) |
| "Clinical assessments including spasticity, disability (EDSS), mobility (walking distance, and timed 25-foot walk), bladder function, and quality of life were carried out prior to and at the end of each treatment cycle." | ( Abu-Mugheisib, M; Benecke, R; Hoffmann, F; Kamin, F; Koehler, W; Rommer, PS; Winkelmann, A; Zettl, UK, 2016) |
| "Swedish guidelines for MS spasticity also reflect the need to establish treatment aims and recommend use of validated scales to measure symptom changes." | ( Vermersch, P, 2015) |
| "Significant spasticity would usually be considered a contraindication for deep brain stimulation (DBS) and more suitably treated with intrathecal baclofen (ITB)." | ( Ashkan, K; Ashmore, J; Ball, G; Charles-Edwards, G; Lin, JP; Lumsden, DE; Selway, R, 2016) |
| "Numeric rating scale (NRS) for spasticity, modified Ashworth scale (MAS), and the stretch reflex were assessed before and during treatment in 57 MS patients with spasticity eligible for THC : CBD treatment." | ( Abbruzzese, G; Bandini, F; Canneva, S; Capello, E; Colombano, F; Currà, A; Fattapposta, F; Marinelli, L; Mori, L; Trompetto, C, 2016) |
| "Twelve patients with severe spasticity received four different bolus doses of ITB (0, 25, 50, 75 μg and an optional dose of 100 μg), administered via a catheter with the tip at thoracic level (Th) 10." | ( Heetla, HW; Molmans, BH; Proost, JH; Staal, MJ; van Laar, T, 2016) |
| "We aimed to determine whether antispasticity treatment history influenced the efficacy and safety of add-on THC:CBD oromucosal spray in MS spasticity patients." | ( Álvarez-Ossorio, L; Haupts, M; Jonas, A; Vila, C; Witte, K, 2016) |
| "Treatment of spasticity poses a major challenge given the complex clinical presentation and variable efficacy and safety profiles of available drugs." | ( Comi, G; Gold, R; Hartung, HP; Montalban, X; Otero-Romero, S; Sastre-Garriga, J; Soelberg Sørensen, P; Thompson, AJ; Vermersch, P, 2016) |
| "The available studies on spasticity treatment offer some insight to guide clinical practice but are of variable methodological quality." | ( Comi, G; Gold, R; Hartung, HP; Montalban, X; Otero-Romero, S; Sastre-Garriga, J; Soelberg Sørensen, P; Thompson, AJ; Vermersch, P, 2016) |
| "When spasticity interferes with comfort, function, activities of daily living, mobility, positioning, or caregiver assistance, patients should be considered for intrathecal baclofen (ITB) therapy." | ( Boster, AL; Ivanhoe, CB; McGuire, JR; Ridley, B; Saulino, M; Shilt, JS, 2016) |
| "Forty-two adult patients with spasticity secondary to TBI, stroke, or HIE treated with ITB for greater than 3 years." | ( Maneyapanda, MB; Marciniak, C; McCormick, ZL; Reger, C, 2017) |
| "Twelve patients with spasticity, fulfilling study criteria, and due for pump implantation for intrathecal baclofen therapy, completed the study." | ( Ertzgaard, P; Levi, R; Samuelsson, K; Skogberg, O, 2017) |
| "OBJECTIVE Medically refractory spasticity and dystonia are often alleviated with intrathecal baclofen (ITB) administration through an indwelling catheter inserted in the lumbar spine." | ( Berde, C; Dasenbrock, HH; O'Brien, CP; Padua, H; Robertson, FC; Robinson, S, 2017) |
| "The current treatment of spasticity in patients with Sjögren-Larsson syndrome is largely symptomatic, given that no effective causal therapy treatments are available." | ( Harter, DH; Hersh, A; Hidalgo, ET; Orillac, C; Rizzo, WB; Weiner, HL, 2017) |
| "ESWT significantly improved lower limb spasticity, pain, passive ROM, 3-m walk duration and LEFS immediately and 12 weeks after treatment." | ( Akbari, M; Ashtari, F; Mellat, M; Taheri, P; Vahdatpour, B, 2017) |
| "The treatment of spasticity and dystonia in these patients is difficult partly due to the relentless nature of this progressive disorder." | ( Ehrstedt, C; Hjartarson, HT; Tedroff, K, 2018) |
| "The goals of spasticity treatment are to decrease muscle tone, deformity, and pain in order to maximize function and ease of care for both child and caregiver." | ( Obst, B; Roesler, M, 2018) |
| "Thirty-four people with spasticity of various spinal origins who were consistently treated at our hospital were included." | ( Hayashi, T; Kawano, O; Maeda, T; Masuda, M; Morishita, Y; Sakai, H; Takao, T; Ueta, T, 2018) |
| "Baclofen is recommended for spasticity treatment, but it has recently been used for alcohol withdrawal symptoms reduction and alcohol abstinence." | ( Calvo, ME; Gunnarsson, T; Hao, M; Smith, L, 2018) |
| "SISTERS (Spasticity In Stroke-Randomized Study) was a randomized, controlled, open-label, multicenter, phase 4 study to evaluate ITB therapy versus conventional medical management (CMM) with oral antispastic medications for treatment of poststroke spasticity." | ( Abouihia, A; Calabrese, A; Cloud, G; Creamer, M; Francisco, GE; Kossmehl, P; Saltuari, L; Ward, AB; Wissel, J; Yochelson, M; Zampolini, M, 2018) |
| "Demographics, spasticity scores (Ashworth), spasm score (Penn), stiffness, pain and discomfort (Visual Analogue Scale), mobility (10 M walk), spasticity treatment, and ITB doses were analysed longitudinally." | ( Buchanan, K; Farrell, R; Keenan, L; Sammaraiee, Y; Stevenson, V; Yardley, M, 2019) |
| "Patients with spasticity treated with intrathecal baclofen." | ( Binz, K; Emerson, JA; Farid, R; Murdock, F, 2019) |
| "Patients with intractable spasticity treated with intrathecal baclofen (ITB) need regular evaluation and aftercare in an outpatient clinic or pain clinic setting." | ( Delhaas, EM; Frankema, SPG; Goslinga-van der Gaag, SME; Huygen, FJPM, 2019) |
| "Patients with congenital or acquired spasticity were treated with ITB (1st April 2011 to January 1st 2016) using an implanted programmable pump system were referred to the home-based Ambulant Care Clinic by various neuromodulation centers in the Netherlands." | ( Delhaas, EM; Frankema, SPG; Goslinga-van der Gaag, SME; Huygen, FJPM, 2019) |
| "Treatment of spasticity poses a major challenge in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient management." | ( Funke, A; Kettemann, D; Maier, A; Meyer, T; Münch, C; Spittel, S; Thomas, A; Walter, B, 2019) |
| "Unlike current anti-spastic pharmacological treatments, rehabilitation attenuates spastic symptoms without causing an active depression in spinal excitability, thus avoiding further interference with motor recovery." | ( Beverungen, H; Côté, MP; Klaszky, M; Klaszky, SC, 2020) |
| "Treatment of spasticity includes oral and intrathecal anti-spastic drugs, muscle injections with relaxant agents, physical therapy, electrical and magnetic stimulation and peripheral nerve stimulation, alone or in various combinations." | ( Centonze, D; Comi, G; Leocani, L; Otero-Romero, S; Solari, A, 2020) |
| "ITB therapy for the treatment of severe spasticity requires surgical implantation of a programmable infusion system for chronic drug delivery." | ( Eldabe, S; Konrad, P; Molus, L; Plunkett, R; Schiess, MC; Spencer, R; Stromberg, K; Weaver, T, 2020) |
| "In addition, appropriate treatment for spastic torticollis applied after surgery resulted in a favorable outcome of this case." | ( Akatsu, Y; Akazawa, T; Akiyama, Y; Aoki, Y; Eguchi, Y; Furuya, T; Inage, K; Koda, M; Maki, S; Nakagawa, K; Nakajima, A; Ohtori, S; Orita, S; Saito, J; Shiga, Y; Sonobe, M; Takahashi, H; Yamada, M; Yamazaki, M; Yanagisawa, K, 2020) |
| "No significant reduction in spasticity with nabiximols treatment versus placebo was observed." | ( Checketts, D; Fairhurst, C; Kumar, R; Tayo, B; Turner, S, 2020) |
| "Waggle needling, a classical anti-spastic needling technique characterized by combination of acupuncture with joint movement, has gained increasing popularity of spasticity treatment in China." | ( Gan, YY; Guo, MW; Li, JL; Ma, LX; Mu, JD; Qian, X; Ren, XX; Song, Y; Sun, TY; Tian, Y; Wang, JX; Yu, WY, 2020) |
| "The lack of information about spasticity specific to patients with DoC may result in insufficient or even inappropriate treatment." | ( DiTommaso, C; Karri, J; Kothari, S; Li, S; O'Brien, K; Zhang, B, 2021) |
| "Most commonly, severe cases of spasticity are treated surgically with intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB)." | ( Biktimirov, A; Bryukhovetskiy, I; Sharma, A; Sharma, HS, 2020) |
| "Patients who chose surgery as a spasticity treatment option, received experimental stimulation, and after muscle tone reduction to a comfort level they were surgically implanted with a SCS system for chronic pain management." | ( Biktimirov, A; Bryukhovetskiy, I; Sharma, A; Sharma, HS, 2020) |
| "Twenty-seven patients with spastic CP (14 males) treated with ITB implantation at our institution between January 2002 and January 2018 were retrospectively reviewed." | ( Canavese, F; De Coulon, G; Steiger, CN; Tabard-Fougère, A, 2022) |
| "The severity of spasticity and spasms was recorded by modified Ashworth Scale (mAS) and Penn Spasm Frequency Scale (PSFS) at baseline and after 1 month of treatment." | ( Bosco, A; Bratina, A; Dinoto, A; Manganotti, P; Mazzon, G; Morelli, ME; Pasquin, F; Sartori, A; Stragapede, L, 2021) |
| "In this case, treatment of severe spasticity and nociceptive pain was required while avoiding potentially lethal side effects of sudden baclofen withdrawal." | ( Agha, H; Davis, C; Roth, J, 2021) |
| "In ambulatory patients with spasticity, there is a justifiable concern that ITB treatment may compromise ambulatory function by reducing the heightened muscle tone, thereby unmasking underlying muscle weakness." | ( Balakrishnan, S; Lee, HP; Win, T, 2023) |
| "We aim to describe associations with spasticity treatment measured primarily by oral baclofen use." | ( Alfredsson, L; Hillert, J; Kockum, I; Montgomery, S; Olsson, T; Piehl, F; Smith, KA; Stridh, P, 2023) |
| "Neurological, spasticity, and quality of life (QoL) assessments were performed before (T0), and at one (T1) and six (T6) months after the start of nabiximols treatment." | ( Antozzi, C; Brambilla, L; Confalonieri, P; Crisafulli, SG; Mercurio, S; Politi, PL; Redemagni, C; Ronzoni, M; Tonietti, S; Torri Clerici, V; Tramacere, I; Viggiani, F, 2023) |
| "Nabiximols leads to improvement in spasticity that was sustained over the 12-week treatment period as measured by average daily Spasticity NRS scores, daily spasm counts, and MAS scores for combinations of muscle groups, especially the combination of the 6 key muscle groups in the lower limbs in NRS responders to nabiximols treatment." | ( Berwaerts, J; Checketts, D; Chinnapongse, R; Javaid, S; Klineova, S; Lublin, F; Nicholas, J; Steinerman, JR, 2023) |
| "Treatment of spastic syndrome and muscular dystonia in patients with cerebral palsy is a complex clinical problem." | ( Dekopov, AV; Isagulyan, ED; Tomsky, AA, 2023) |
| "Basic spasticity treatment begins in the primary healthcare service and includes physiotherapy, occupational therapy and oral spasmolytics, while treatment with botulinum toxin and baclofen pump is carried out by the specialist healthcare services." | ( Rekand, T; Simic, J; Østlie, K, 2023) |