psilocybin profile

Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound found in certain types of mushrooms, known as magic mushrooms. It is a tryptamine alkaloid, with a chemical structure similar to serotonin. The compound's synthesis in mushrooms is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve complex enzymatic pathways. Psilocybin itself is inactive, but once ingested, it is rapidly metabolized by the body into psilocin, which is the psychoactive component. Psilocin acts as a serotonin receptor agonist, primarily affecting the serotonin 2A receptor. This interaction leads to a wide range of effects, including altered perception, changes in mood, feelings of euphoria, and spiritual experiences. Psilocybin has a long history of use in spiritual and medicinal practices by indigenous cultures. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in studying the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for conditions such as depression, anxiety, and addiction. Research suggests that psilocybin may have potential as a treatment for these disorders, although further research is needed. The compound is currently being investigated in clinical trials for its therapeutic effects.'

Psilocybin: The major of two hallucinogenic components of Teonanacatl, the sacred mushroom of Mexico, the other component being psilocin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

psilocybin : A tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms"). [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	10624
CHEMBL ID	194378
CHEBI ID	8614
SCHEMBL ID	158945
MeSH ID	M0017970

Synonym
PDSP1_001391
psilocibina [inn-spanish]
psilocibin
teonanacatl
psilocybinum [inn-latin]
hsdb 7365
psilotsibin
4-phosphoryloxy-omega-n,n-dimethyltryptamine
einecs 208-294-4
brn 0273158
cy-39
indol-4-ol, 3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-, dihydrogen phosphate
1h-indol-4-ol, 3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-, dihydrogen phosphate (ester)
dea no. 7437
3-2'-dimethylaminoethylindol-4-phosphate
PDSP2_001375
520-52-5
C07576
psilocybin
psilocybine
4-phosphoryloxy-n,n-dimethyltryptamine
3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1h-indol-4-ol dihydrogen phosphate ester
indocybin
psilocin phosphate ester
psilocibina
CHEBI:8614 ,
psilocybinum
3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate
3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1h-indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate
o-phosphoryl-4-hydroxy-n,n-dimethyltryptamine
P-7825
cy 39
CHEMBL194378 ,
bdbm50171269
NCGC00247732-01
cas-520-52-5
tox21_112898
dtxsid0048898 ,
dtxcid0028824
psilocybine [inn:ban:dcf]
unii-2rv7212bp0
4-22-00-05665 (beilstein handbook reference)
constituent of magic mushrooms
2rv7212bp0 ,
psilocybin [mi]
cy39
(3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1h-indol-4-yl) dihydrogen phosphate
psilocybine [hsdb]
psilocybine [who-dd]
psilocybine [inn]
psilocybine [mart.]
SCHEMBL158945
3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1h-indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate #
psylocybin
1h-indol-4-ol, 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-, dihydrogen phosphate (ester)
1h-indol-4-ol, 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-, dihydrogen phosphate
indol-4-ol, 3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-, dihydrogen phosphate (ester)
3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate
QVDSEJDULKLHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]indol-4-ol dihydrogen phosphate ester
DB11664
Q208118
SB18760
[3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1h-indol-4-yl] dihydrogen phosphate
({3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1h-indol-4-yl}oxy)phosphonic acid
psilocybin 1000 microg/ml in acetonitrile:water
psilocybin, 1mg/ml in acetonitrile/water : 1/1

Research Excerpts

Overview

Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid and non-selective agonist at many serotonin receptors, especially at serotonin 5-HT. It is produced naturally by approximately 200 species of mushrooms.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Psilocybin is a naturally occurring compound derived from certain mushroom species that can induce entheogenic experiences or an altered state of consciousness."	( The Role of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy to Support Patients With Cancer: A Critical Scoping Review of the Research. Lehto, RH; Miller, M; Sender, J, 2022)	1.82
"Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid and non-selective agonist at many serotonin receptors, especially at serotonin 5-HT"	( Molecular Mechanisms of Psilocybin and Implications for the Treatment of Depression. Castle, D; Ceban, F; Gill, H; Ho, R; Lee, Y; Lin, K; Ling, S; Lipsitz, O; Lui, LMW; Mansur, RB; McIntyre, RS; Rodrigues, NB; Rosenblat, JD; Subramaniapillai, M; Teopiz, KM, 2022)	1.75
"Psilocybin is a psychoactive alkaloid that is produced naturally by approximately 200 species of mushrooms. "	( Psilocybin Conspectus: Status, Production Methods, and Considerations. Gibbs, G; Graham, T; Plotnik, L, 2022)	3.61
"Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound with profound perception-, emotion- and cognition-altering properties and great potential for treating brain disorders. "	( Neural mechanisms underlying psilocybin's therapeutic potential - the need for preclinical in vivo electrophysiology. Gigg, J; Neill, J; Smausz, R, 2022)	2.46
"Psilocybin is a hallucinogenic compound that is showing promise in the ability to treat neurological conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. "	( Psilocybin reduces low frequency oscillatory power and neuronal phase-locking in the anterior cingulate cortex of awake rodents. Chadderton, P; Golden, CT, 2022)	3.61
"Psilocybin is a serotonin type 2A (5-HT"	( Body mass index (BMI) does not predict responses to psilocybin. Buchborn, T; Carhart-Harris, RL; Douglass, HM; Erritzoe, D; Giribaldi, B; Kärtner, LS; Lyons, T; Nutt, DJ; Rosas, FE; Roseman, L; Spriggs, MJ; Timmermann, C, 2023)	2.6
"Psilocybin is a psychedelic with therapeutic potential. "	( Shared and Distinct Brain Regions Targeted for Immediate Early Gene Expression by Ketamine and Psilocybin. Davoudian, PA; Kwan, AC; Shao, LX, 2023)	2.57
"Psilocybin is a psychedelic drug with growing evidence for safety and efficacy in treatment of depression."	( Pilot study of single-dose psilocybin for serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant body dysmorphic disorder. Cornejo, G; Feusner, J; Gomez, GJ; Hellerstein, DJ; Naraindas, AM; Schneier, FR; Wheaton, MG, 2023)	1.93
"Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic compound that may have efficacy for the treatment of mood and substance use disorders. "	( Emotions and brain function are altered up to one month after a single high dose of psilocybin. Barrett, FS; Doss, MK; Griffiths, RR; Pekar, JJ; Sepeda, ND, 2020)	2.23
"Psilocybin is a tryptamine-derived psychoactive alkaloid found mainly in the fungal genus Psilocybe, among others, and is the active ingredient in so-called "magic mushrooms". "	( Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the de novo production of psilocybin and related tryptamine derivatives. Borodina, I; Kristensen, M; Milne, N; Mølgaard Knudsen, N; Rubaszka, P; Thomsen, P, 2020)	2.23
"Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic found in "magic mushrooms" with a putative therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and addiction. "	( Transcriptional regulation in the rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus after a single administration of psilocybin. Elfving, B; Jefsen, OH; Müller, HK; Wegener, G, 2021)	2.28
"Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with psychoactive effects mediated by serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) activation. "	( Brain serotonin 2A receptor binding predicts subjective temporal and mystical effects of psilocybin in healthy humans. Burmester, D; Erritzoe, D; Fisher, PM; Knudsen, GM; Kristiansen, S; Madsen, MK; Ozenne, B; Stenbæk, DS, 2021)	2.29
"Psilocybin is a psychedelic drug that has shown lasting positive effects on clinical symptoms and self-reported well-being following a single dose. "	( Lasting effects of a single psilocybin dose on resting-state functional connectivity in healthy individuals. Fisher, PM; Jensen, PS; Knudsen, GM; Kristiansen, S; Madsen, MK; McCulloch, DE; Ozenne, B; Stenbæk, DS, 2022)	2.46
"Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with untapped therapeutic potential. "	( Psilocybin induces rapid and persistent growth of dendritic spines in frontal cortex in vivo. Davoudian, PA; Delagarza, K; Gregg, I; Kwan, AC; Liao, C; Savalia, NK; Shao, LX, 2021)	3.51
"Psilocybin is a psychedelic tryptamine that has shown promise in recent clinical trials for the treatment of depression and substance use disorders. "	( Pharmacokinetics of Escalating Doses of Oral Psilocybin in Healthy Adults. Brown, RT; Cooper, KM; Cozzi, NV; Gassman, MC; Henriquez, KM; Hetzel, SJ; Hutson, PR; Muller, D; Nicholas, CR; Ribaudo, AS; Thomas, CD, 2017)	2.16
"Psilocybin is a serotonin receptor agonist with a therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant depression and other psychiatric illnesses. "	( Psilocybin lacks antidepressant-like effect in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat. Christiansen, SL; Elfving, B; Højgaard, K; Jefsen, O; Müller, HK; Nutt, DJ; Wegener, G, 2019)	3.4
"Psilocybin is a substance of natural origin, occurring in hallucinogenic mushrooms (most common in the Psilocybe family). "	( [The impact of psilocybin on visual perception and spatial orientation--neuropsychological approach]. Bala, A; Jastrzebski, M, )	1.93
"Psilocybin is a serotonin receptor agonist that occurs naturally in some mushroom species. "	( Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. Bloomfield, M; Bolstridge, M; Carhart-Harris, RL; Curran, VH; Day, CM; Erritzoe, D; Feilding, A; Forbes, B; Kaelen, M; Nutt, DJ; Pilling, S; Rickard, JA; Rucker, J; Taylor, D, 2016)	3.32
"Psilocybin is a well-characterized classic hallucinogen (psychedelic) with a long history of religious use by indigenous cultures, and nonmedical use in modern societies. "	( Psilocybin dose-dependently causes delayed, transient headaches in healthy volunteers. Griffiths, RR; Johnson, MW; Sewell, RA, 2012)	3.26
"Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic drug that has a history of use in psychotherapy. "	( Implications for psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: functional magnetic resonance imaging study with psilocybin. Abbasi, N; Bargiotas, T; Carhart-Harris, RL; Erritzoe, D; Evans, J; Feilding, A; Hobden, P; Leech, R; Nutt, DJ; Sharp, DJ; Williams, TM; Wise, RG, 2012)	2.04
"Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic and a candidate drug model of psychosis. "	( Functional connectivity measures after psilocybin inform a novel hypothesis of early psychosis. Carhart-Harris, RL; Erritzoe, D; Evans, J; Feilding, A; Leech, R; Nutt, DJ; Sharp, DJ; Stone, JM; Williams, TM; Wise, RG, 2013)	2.1
"Psilocybin is a potent indoleamine hallucinogen and a mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptor agonist."	( 5-HT modulation of dopamine release in basal ganglia in psilocybin-induced psychosis in man--a PET study with [11C]raclopride. Hell, D; Leenders, KL; Vollenweider, FX; Vontobel, P, 1999)	1.27

Effects

Psilocybin has a low toxicity, is non-addictive and has been shown to predict favourable changes in patients with depression, anxiety and other conditions marked by rigid behavioural patterns.

Psilocybin has been shown to induce a rapid (within days) and persistent (3-12 months) improvement in human treatment-resistant depression and other neuropsychiatric conditions. It has been used for centuries for religious purposes, but little is known scientifically about its long-term effects.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Psilocybin has a large, rapid, and persistent clinical effect in the treatment of resistant or end-of-life depression. "	( Psilocybin Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action in Major Depressive Disorder: a Review. Abbar, M; Becamel, C; Conejero, I; Lopez-Castroman, J; Prouzeau, D; Voyvodic, PL, 2022)	3.61
"Psilocybin has a low toxicity, is non-addictive and has been shown to predict favourable changes in patients with depression, anxiety and other conditions marked by rigid behavioural patterns, including substance (mis)use."	( Psychedelics and health behaviour change. Carhart-Harris, RL; Douglass, H; Erritzoe, D; Johnson, MW; Kettner, H; Teixeira, PJ; Timmermann, C; Watts, R, 2022)	1.44
"Psilocybin has shown promise for the treatment of mood disorders, which are often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction including cognitive rigidity. "	( Psilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients with major depressive disorder. Barker, PB; Barrett, FS; Davis, AK; Doss, MK; Finan, PH; Griffiths, RR; Pekar, JJ; Považan, M; Rosenberg, MD; Sepeda, ND; Smith, GS, 2021)	3.51
"Psilocybin has generated media attention and empirical support for antidepressant effects, but lay impressions of its effectiveness are unclear."	( Exploring the Credibility of Psilocybin-assisted Therapy and Cognitive-behavioral Therapy for Depression. Altman, BR; De Leo, J; Earleywine, M, )	1.14
"Psilocybin has been shown to catalyse a sense of 'reconnection' in participants with MDD."	( Postpartum depression: A role for psychedelics? Jairaj, C; Rucker, JJ, 2022)	1.44
"Psilocybin has been shown to be a powerful, long-lasting antidepressant in human clinical trials and in rodent models. "	( Validation of the forced swim test in Drosophila, and its use to demonstrate psilocybin has long-lasting antidepressant-like effects in flies. Hibicke, M; Nichols, CD, 2022)	2.39
"Psilocybin has a large, rapid, and persistent clinical effect in the treatment of resistant or end-of-life depression. "	( Psilocybin Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action in Major Depressive Disorder: a Review. Abbar, M; Becamel, C; Conejero, I; Lopez-Castroman, J; Prouzeau, D; Voyvodic, PL, 2022)	3.61
"Psilocybin has been shown to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety when combined with psychotherapy or other clinician-guided interventions. "	( Acute psilocybin enhances cognitive flexibility in rats. Garza, G; Moghaddam, B; Olson, RJ; Torrado Pacheco, A, 2023)	2.83
"Psilocybin, for example, has now been shown in several clinical trials to induce a rapid (within days) and persistent (3-12 months) improvement in human treatment-resistant depression and other neuropsychiatric conditions."	( Preclinical perspectives on the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic actions of psilocybin in psychiatric disorders. Nichols, CD; Thompson, SM; Wulff, AB, 2023)	1.86
"Psilocybin has shown an antidepressant effect in cancer patients that was sustained at 6- and 12-months follow-up."	( Ibrahim, IB; Straszek, SPV; Videbech, P, 2023)	1.63
"Psilocybin has shown promise as a treatment for depression but its therapeutic mechanisms are not properly understood. "	( Therapeutic mechanisms of psilocybin: Changes in amygdala and prefrontal functional connectivity during emotional processing after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Carhart-Harris, RL; Demetriou, L; Mertens, LJ; Nutt, DJ; Roseman, L; Wall, MB, 2020)	2.3
"Psilocybin has in some studies shown promise as treatment of major depressive disorder and psilocybin therapy was in 2019 twice designated as breakthrough therapy by the U.S. "	( Effects of a single dose of psilocybin on behaviour, brain 5-HT Donovan, LL; Hansen, HD; Issazadeh-Navikas, S; Jaberi, E; Johansen, JV; Johansen, SS; Knudsen, GM; Linnet, K; Ozenne, B; Ros, NF, 2021)	2.36
"Psilocybin has been studied in 9 clinical trials: for the treatment of substance use disorders, depression, end-of-life anxiety, demoralization, and obsessive-compulsive disorder."	( [Treatment with psilocybin: applications for patients with psychiatric disorders]. Breeksema, JJ; Koolen, MHB; Schoevers, RA; Somers, M, 2021)	1.69
"Psilocybin has a low toxicity, is non-addictive and has been shown to predict favourable changes in patients with depression, anxiety and other conditions marked by rigid behavioural patterns, including substance (mis)use."	( Psychedelics and health behaviour change. Carhart-Harris, RL; Douglass, H; Erritzoe, D; Johnson, MW; Kettner, H; Teixeira, PJ; Timmermann, C; Watts, R, 2022)	1.44
"Psilocybin has emerged as a potentially rapidly acting antidepressant with enduring actions. "	( The cranial windows of perception. DiBerto, JF; Roth, BL, 2021)	2.06
"Psilocybin has recently attracted a great deal of attention as a clinical research and therapeutic tool. "	( Sex differences and serotonergic mechanisms in the behavioural effects of psilocin. Horáček, J; Kadeřábek, L; Kubešová, A; Lipski, M; Páleníček, T; Tylš, F, 2016)	1.88
"Psilocybin has been used for centuries for religious purposes; however, little is known scientifically about its long-term effects. "	( Mystical-type experiences occasioned by psilocybin mediate the attribution of personal meaning and spiritual significance 14 months later. Griffiths, R; Jesse, R; Johnson, M; McCann, U; Richards, W, 2008)	2.06

Treatment

Psilocybin treatment consists usually of a single oral administration of 25 mg of psilocy bin along with psychological support for 5-8 hours during the ensuing hallucinogenic trip. Treatment with p silocybin but not LSD demonstrated an immediate antidepressant-like effect, manifested as an increased number of reinforced presses and response efficiency.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Psilocybin treatments were separated by at least 16 days."	( Acute Effects of Psilocybin After Escitalopram or Placebo Pretreatment in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study in Healthy Subjects. Becker, AM; Duthaler, U; Eckert, A; Grandinetti, T; Grünblatt, E; Holze, F; Klaiber, A; Kolaczynska, KE; Liechti, ME; Toedtli, VE; Varghese, N, 2022)	1.78
"Psilocybin treatment consists usually of a single oral administration of 25 mg of psilocybin along with psychological support for 5-8 hours during the ensuing hallucinogenic trip."	( [The use of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression]. Johannesdottir, A; Sigurdsson, E, 2022)	1.82
"Psilocybin treatment was associated with significantly reduced MADRS scores compared with niacin from baseline to day 43 (mean difference,-12.3 [95% CI, -17.5 to -7.2]; P <.001) and from baseline to day 8 (mean difference, -12.0 [95% CI, -16.6 to -7.4]; P < .001)."	( Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Bradley, E; Brown, C; Brown, RT; Davis, MC; Dunlop, BW; Gapasin, T; Griffiths, RR; Gukasyan, N; Hassman, M; Heinzerling, K; Hu, X; Hutson, PR; Kakar, R; Kelly, DF; Kelmendi, B; Lenoch, K; Linton, W; Mletzko, T; Nayak, SM; Nelson-Douthit, C; Nicholas, CR; O'Donnell, KC; Penn, AD; Raison, CL; Robison, R; Ross, S; Sanacora, G; Sloshower, J; Tarpley, G; Trivedi, RP; Utzinger, M; Warchol, K; Wilson, S; Woolley, J, 2023)	2.01
"Psilocybin treatment was associated with a clinically significant sustained reduction in depressive symptoms and functional disability, without serious adverse events. "	( Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Bradley, E; Brown, C; Brown, RT; Davis, MC; Dunlop, BW; Gapasin, T; Griffiths, RR; Gukasyan, N; Hassman, M; Heinzerling, K; Hu, X; Hutson, PR; Kakar, R; Kelly, DF; Kelmendi, B; Lenoch, K; Linton, W; Mletzko, T; Nayak, SM; Nelson-Douthit, C; Nicholas, CR; O'Donnell, KC; Penn, AD; Raison, CL; Robison, R; Ross, S; Sanacora, G; Sloshower, J; Tarpley, G; Trivedi, RP; Utzinger, M; Warchol, K; Wilson, S; Woolley, J, 2023)	2.73
"Treatment with psilocybin but not LSD demonstrated an immediate antidepressant-like effect, manifested as an increased number of reinforced presses and response efficiency. "	( Acute but not long-lasting antidepressant-like effect of psilocybin in differential reinforcement of low-rate 72 schedule in rats. Golebiowska, J; Koniewski, M; Malikowska-Racia, N; Popik, P, 2023)	1.51

Toxicity

We have analyzed all randomized, double-blind, and controlled trials that assessed the antidepressant effects of psilocybin and LSD in clinical populations to date. We take special attention to adverse events (AEs) related to their use.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" One subject experienced transient hypertension without relation to anxiety or somatic symptoms, but no other significant adverse effects were observed."	( Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of psilocybin in 9 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Delgado, PL; Moreno, FA; Taitano, EK; Wiegand, CB, 2006)	0.6
" When the pure psilocin or fungal extracts were used, slight differences in determined LD50 values were observed."	( Research on acute toxicity and the behavioral effects of methanolic extract from psilocybin mushrooms and psilocin in mice. Godovan, VV; Halama, M; Jasicka-Misiak, I; Kazakova, A; Poliwoda, A; Wieczorek, PP; Zhuk, O, 2015)	0.64
" Although several pharmacological treatments are available, they are not effective for a significant proportion of patients and are associated with several adverse reactions."	( Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Alcázar-Córcoles, MÁ; Bouso, JC; Dos Santos, RG; Hallak, JEC, 2018)	0.48
" Results support medicinal safe use of mushrooms under controlled conditions and cautioned use of higher concentrations."	( Effects and safety of Psilocybe cubensis and Panaeolus cyanescens magic mushroom extracts on endothelin-1-induced hypertrophy and cell injury in cardiomyocytes. Eloff, JN; Nkadimeng, SM; Steinmann, CML, 2020)	0.56
" Adverse cardiac events after intake of high doses of psilocybin and a trial reporting QT interval prolongation in the electrocardiogram attributed to the drug's main metabolite, psilocin, gave rise to safety concerns."	( Psilocybin Therapy of Psychiatric Disorders Is Not Hampered by hERG Potassium Channel-Mediated Cardiotoxicity. Hackl, B; Hilber, K; Koenig, X; Kubista, H; Todt, H, 2022)	2.41
" We explore the evidence base for these adverse effects to elucidate which of these harms are based largely on anecdotes versus those that stand up to current scientific scrutiny."	( Adverse effects of psychedelics: From anecdotes and misinformation to systematic science. Aday, J; Neill, JC; Nutt, DJ; Salam, I; Schlag, AK, 2022)	0.72
"Our review shows that medical risks are often minimal, and that many - albeit not all - of the persistent negative perceptions of psychological risks are unsupported by the currently available scientific evidence, with the majority of reported adverse effects not being observed in a regulated and/or medical context."	( Adverse effects of psychedelics: From anecdotes and misinformation to systematic science. Aday, J; Neill, JC; Nutt, DJ; Salam, I; Schlag, AK, 2022)	0.72
"We have analyzed all randomized, double-blind, and controlled trials that assessed the antidepressant effects of psilocybin and LSD in clinical populations to date, taking special attention to adverse events (AEs) related to their use."	( Safety issues of psilocybin and LSD as potential rapid acting antidepressants and potential challenges. Bouso Saiz, JC; Dos Santos, RG; Hallak, JEC; Rossi, GN, 2022)	1.27
" Streamlining access to safe and evidence-based compassionate use of PAP will provide a timely treatment option to those currently in need while encouraging further research and outcome surveillance to refine best practices."	( Safety considerations in the evolving legal landscape of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. Argento, E; Christie, D; Mackay, L; Mocanu, V, 2022)	0.72
" Before psychedelics become registered medicines, it is important to know the full range of adverse events (AEs) for making balanced treatment decisions."	( Adverse events in clinical treatments with serotonergic psychedelics and MDMA: A mixed-methods systematic review. Breeksema, JJ; Kamphuis, J; Kuin, BW; Schoevers, RA; van den Brink, W; Vermetten, E, 2022)	0.72
" Adverse events associated with psychedelics were reported as mild and transient."	( A Critical Appraisal of Evidence on the Efficacy and Safety of Serotonergic Psychedelic Drugs as Emerging Antidepressants: Mind the Evidence Gap. Blumberger, DM; Castle, DJ; Husain, MI; Ledwos, N; McIntyre, RS; Mulsant, BH; Rosenblat, JD, )	0.13
" The primary safety outcome will be the type, severity and frequency of adverse events and suicidal ideation/behaviour, as measured by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale."	( Study protocol of an open-label proof-of-concept trial examining the safety and clinical efficacy of psilocybin-assisted therapy for veterans with PTSD. Armstrong, SB; Davis, AK; Lancelotta, RL; Levin, AW; Nagib, PB, 2023)	1.13
"The pharmacological treatment of depression consists of taking antidepressant drugs for prolonged periods; its modest therapeutic effect can often be associated with significant adverse effects, while its discontinuation can lead to relapses."	( A Proposal to Study the Safety and Efficacy of Escamilla, R; González Mariscal, JM; González-Trujano, ME; Guzmán-González, H; Loizaga-Velder, A; Torres-Valencia, JM; Vega, JL, )	0.13
" Psychedelics are generally considered to be physiologically safe with low toxicity and low addictive potential."	( Cardiovascular safety of psychedelic medicine: current status and future directions. Wsół, A, 2023)	0.91

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"In order to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of psilocybin (PY), the main psychoactive compound of Psilocybe mushrooms, high performance liquid chromatographic procedures with column-switching coupled with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) for reliable quantitative determination of the PY metabolites psilocin (PI) and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (4HIAA) in human plasma were established."	( Determination of psilocin and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in plasma by HPLC-ECD and pharmacokinetic profiles of oral and intravenous psilocybin in man. Bär, T; Bourquin, D; Brenneisen, R; Hasler, F; Vollenweider, FX, 1997)	0.74

Compound-Compound Interactions

As MDMA and psilocybin continue to move through the FDA drug development process, this systematic review offers a compilation of existing research on psychiatric drug-drug interactions.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
", selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), so it will be important to understand drug-drug interactions between MDMA or psilocybin and psychiatric medications."	( Drug-drug interactions between psychiatric medications and MDMA or psilocybin: a systematic review. Malcolm, B; Sarparast, A; Stauffer, CS; Thomas, K, 2022)	1.17
" We focus our results on pharmacodynamic, physiological, and subjective outcomes of drug-drug interactions."	( Drug-drug interactions between psychiatric medications and MDMA or psilocybin: a systematic review. Malcolm, B; Sarparast, A; Stauffer, CS; Thomas, K, 2022)	0.96
"As MDMA and psilocybin continue to move through the FDA drug development process, this systematic review offers a compilation of existing research on psychiatric drug-drug interactions with MDMA or psilocybin."	( Drug-drug interactions between psychiatric medications and MDMA or psilocybin: a systematic review. Malcolm, B; Sarparast, A; Stauffer, CS; Thomas, K, 2022)	1.34

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Estimates for the absolute bioavailability of PI after oral administration of PY were 52."	( Determination of psilocin and 4-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in plasma by HPLC-ECD and pharmacokinetic profiles of oral and intravenous psilocybin in man. Bär, T; Bourquin, D; Brenneisen, R; Hasler, F; Vollenweider, FX, 1997)	0.5
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Dosage Studied

Psilocybin is increasingly studied for its antidepressant effect, but its optimal dosage for depression remains unclear. Most earlier models explain minimal response variation, primarily related to dosage and trust. We applied a linear meta-regression approach to obtain linear dose-response relationship estimates on questionnaire ratings.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"70 mg/kg) doses of psilocin also had a biphasic dose-response effect on startle comparable in magnitude to equimolar doses of psilocybin."	( Psilocybin: biphasic dose-response effects on the acoustic startle reflex in the rat. Davis, M; Walters, JK, 1977)	1.91
"A dosage regimen of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) that reliably produces behavioral tolerance in rats was evaluated for effects on neurotransmitter receptor binding in rat brain using a variety of radioligands selective for amine receptor subtypes."	( Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) administration selectively downregulates serotonin2 receptors in rat brain. Buckholtz, NS; Freedman, DX; Potter, WZ; Zhou, DF, 1990)	0.28
" Dose-response and time-response curves were obtained."	( Psilocybin as a discriminative stimulus: lack of specificity in an animal behavior model for 'hallucinogens'. Appel, JB; Koerner, J, 1982)	1.71
" Patients were monitored for adverse reactions during the dosing sessions and subsequent clinic and remote follow-up."	( Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. Bloomfield, M; Bolstridge, M; Carhart-Harris, RL; Curran, VH; Day, CM; Erritzoe, D; Feilding, A; Forbes, B; Kaelen, M; Nutt, DJ; Pilling, S; Rickard, JA; Rucker, J; Taylor, D, 2016)	1.88
" In this open-label study, 20 individuals diagnosed with moderate to severe, treatment-resistant depression, underwent two separate dosing sessions with psilocybin."	( Increased amygdala responses to emotional faces after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Carhart-Harris, RL; Demetriou, L; Nutt, DJ; Roseman, L; Wall, MB, 2018)	0.93
" Psilocybin was administered in two oral dosing sessions (10 mg and 25 mg) 1 week apart."	( Increased nature relatedness and decreased authoritarian political views after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Carhart-Harris, RL; Lyons, T, 2018)	1.62
"039) for the patients 1 week after the dosing sessions."	( Increased nature relatedness and decreased authoritarian political views after psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Carhart-Harris, RL; Lyons, T, 2018)	0.71
" Psychological support was provided before, during and after all dosing sessions."	( Natural speech algorithm applied to baseline interview data can predict which patients will respond to psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Ashton, P; Carhart-Harris, RL; Carrillo, F; Fernández Slezak, D; Fitzgerald, L; Nutt, DJ; Sigman, M; Stroud, J, 2018)	0.7
" The present study addressed this gap by surveying psychedelic users about their experience with microdosing including their dosing schedule, motivation, and potential experienced negative effects."	( Motives and Side-Effects of Microdosing With Psychedelics Among Users. Dolder, PC; Hutten, NRPW; Kuypers, KPC; Mason, NL, 2019)	0.51
" Most earlier models explain minimal response variation, primarily related to dosage and trust, but a recent study found that states of surrender and preoccupation at the time of ingestion explained substantial variance in mystical and adverse psilocybin experiences."	( Replication and extension of a model predicting response to psilocybin. Carhart-Harris, RL; Elliott, MS; Maruyama, G; Russ, SL, 2019)	0.94
" We examined motivations, dosing practices, and perceived benefits and limitations of microdosing."	( Psychedelic Microdosing: A Subreddit Analysis. Amada, N; Jungaberle, H; Lea, T, )	0.13
" This paper examines microdosing motivations, dosing practices, perceived short-term benefits, unwanted effects, and harm reduction practices."	( Microdosing psychedelics: Motivations, subjective effects and harm reduction. Amada, N; Jungaberle, H; Klein, M; Lea, T; Schecke, H, 2020)	0.56
" In contrast to the primary hypothesis, psychedelics had no long-lasting effects on the ADE in male and female rats, neither when administered in a high dosage regime that is comparable to the one used in clinical studies, nor in a chronic microdosing scheme."	( Psilocybin and LSD have no long-lasting effects in an animal model of alcohol relapse. Güngör, C; Meinhardt, MW; Mertens, LJ; Skorodumov, I; Spanagel, R, 2020)	2
" gender bias, heterogeneity of dosing schedules and drugs used)."	( Potential safety, benefits, and influence of the placebo effect in microdosing psychedelic drugs: A systematic review. Bouso, JC; Ona, G, 2020)	0.56
" Dosing and the means of using the various hallucinogens were often quite varied, as were the settings where they were taken."	( Peculiar plants and fantastic fungi: An ethnobotanical study of the use of hallucinogenic plants and mushrooms in Slovenia. Fatur, K, 2021)	0.62
"Establishing dose-response relationships of the subjective experiences induced by psilocybin in healthy study participants and a comparison of patient groups."	( Dose-response relationships of psilocybin-induced subjective experiences in humans. Hirschfeld, T; Schmidt, TT, 2021)	1.13
"We applied a linear meta-regression approach, based on the robust variance estimation framework, to obtain linear dose-response relationship estimates on questionnaire ratings after oral psilocybin administration."	( Dose-response relationships of psilocybin-induced subjective experiences in humans. Hirschfeld, T; Schmidt, TT, 2021)	1.1
", choosing the right patients for these therapies), (3) the dosing preparation sessions, (4) the assisted dosing sessions as well as after-care procedures such as (5) psychological integration and (6) supporting the development of structured patient communities."	( The Potential Role of Psychedelic Drugs in Mental Health Care of the Future. Gründer, G; Jungaberle, H, 2021)	0.62
"To determine how differences in the type of psychedelic agent used and the number of dosing sessions administered affect subjects' depression and anxiety outcomes and adverse drug reactions (ADR)."	( Assessing the effects of methodological differences on outcomes in the use of psychedelics in the treatment of anxiety and depressive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Leger, RF; Unterwald, EM, 2022)	0.72
" Controlled study data on dosing using well-characterized pharmaceutical formulations of the substances are scarce."	( Dosing Psychedelics and MDMA. Holze, F; Liechti, ME, 2022)	0.72
" Participants are randomised to receive a single dosing session of 25 mg psilocybin or a placebo."	( Psilocybin-assisted therapy for the treatment of resistant major depressive disorder (PsiDeR): protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled feasibility trial. Bird, C; Carter, B; Day, C; Jafari, H; Knight, G; Mantingh, T; Modlin, NL; Reinholdt, F; Rucker, J; Young, A, 2021)	2.3
" The reported lasting clinical effects after limited dosing with psychedelics present a novel means for disease management, but considerable further study will be required to address disease-specific treatments, uncover mechanism(s) of action, and verify safety."	( Psychedelics in the Treatment of Headache and Chronic Pain Disorders. Schindler, EAD, 2022)	0.72
", dosing schedule and imaging methods) amongst included studies."	( The Effects of Psilocybin in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder and the General Population: Findings from Neuroimaging Studies. Castle, D; Cha, DS; Gill, B; Gill, H; Mansur, RB; Marks, CA; McIntyre, RS; Patel, P; Puramat, P; Rodrigues, NB; Rosenblat, JD, 2022)	1.07
" In addition, this article considers the effects that macro- and microdoses have on behavior and psychopathology in light of their dosage characteristics and contexts of use."	( Macrodosing to microdosing with psychedelics: Clinical, social, and cultural perspectives. Kaypak, AC; Raz, A, 2022)	0.72
" In addition, in 1 case, repeated dosing seemed to produce increased relief, suggesting a possible long-term plasticity-mediated effect."	( Microdosing psilocybin for chronic pain: a case series. Castellanos, J; Furnish, T; Lyes, M; Yang, KH, 2023)	1.29
" fMRI was performed 1 week prior to the first dosing session and 1 day after the second."	( Changes in music-evoked emotion and ventral striatal functional connectivity after psilocybin therapy for depression. Carhart-Harris, R; Kaelen, M; Nutt, D; Roseman, L; Shukuroglou, M; Wall, M, 2023)	1.14
" Psychological support was provided before, during, and after the dosing session."	( Pilot study of single-dose psilocybin for serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant body dysmorphic disorder. Cornejo, G; Feusner, J; Gomez, GJ; Hellerstein, DJ; Naraindas, AM; Schneier, FR; Wheaton, MG, 2023)	1.21
"All participants completed dosing and all follow-up assessments."	( Pilot study of single-dose psilocybin for serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant body dysmorphic disorder. Cornejo, G; Feusner, J; Gomez, GJ; Hellerstein, DJ; Naraindas, AM; Schneier, FR; Wheaton, MG, 2023)	1.21
" Compounds with short-lived subjective effects may be clinically useful because dosing time would be reduced, which may improve patient access."	( 5-MeO-DMT modifies innate behaviors and promotes structural neural plasticity in mice. Davoudian, PA; Dibbs, M; Gregg, I; Jefferson, SJ; Kaye, AP; Kwan, AC; Liao, C; Pittenger, C; Sherwood, AM; Sprouse, JS; Wehrle, PH; Woodburn, SC; Wu, H, 2023)	0.91
" Nineteen patients with treatment-resistant depression underwent two treatment sessions involving administration of psilocybin, with MRI data acquired one week prior and the day after completion of psilocybin dosing sessions."	( Increased low-frequency brain responses to music after psilocybin therapy for depression. Carhart-Harris, RL; Ertl, N; Kaelen, M; Lam, C; Nutt, DJ; Roseman, L; Wall, MB, 2023)	1.37
" ALFF in these music-related clusters was significantly correlated with intensity of subjective effects felt during the dosing sessions."	( Increased low-frequency brain responses to music after psilocybin therapy for depression. Carhart-Harris, RL; Ertl, N; Kaelen, M; Lam, C; Nutt, DJ; Roseman, L; Wall, MB, 2023)	1.16
" Still, caution is advised if psilocybin is being used, and the correct dosage should be prescribed by an appropriate physician."	( Psilocybin: The most effective moral bio-enhancer? Rakić, V, 2023)	2.64
" In reviewing these topics, we identify three knowledge gaps as areas of future inquiry: sex differences, oral dosing rather than injection, and chronic dosing regimens."	( Addressing the Current Knowledge and Gaps in Research Surrounding Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), Psilocybin, and Psilocin in Rodent Models. Ezeaka, UC; Kim, HJJ; Laprairie, RB, 2023)	1.13
" Nineteen participants were dosed and the mean Baseline MADRS total score was 31."	( Psilocybin for treatment resistant depression in patients taking a concomitant SSRI medication. Croal, M; Feifel, D; Goodwin, GM; Kelly, JR; Malievskaia, E; Marwood, L; Mistry, S; O'Keane, V; Peck, SK; Simmons, H; Sisa, C; Stansfield, SC; Tsai, J; Williams, S, 2023)	2.35
"Psilocybin is increasingly studied for its antidepressant effect, but its optimal dosage for depression remains unclear."	( Psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of human studies. De Pieri, M; Kaiser, S; Kirschner, M; Langlest, F; Mallet, L; Perez, N; Sabé, M; Sentissi, O; Seragnoli, F; Solmi, M; Thorens, G; Zullino, D, 2023)	3.8
" Additional studies (including controlled dose-response studies) that examine the effects and safety of co-administering MDMA with psilocybin/LSD (in healthy controls and clinical samples) are warranted and may assist the development of personalized treatments."	( Co-use of MDMA with psilocybin/LSD may buffer against challenging experiences and enhance positive experiences. Carhart-Harris, RL; Erritzoe, D; Kettner, H; Mallard, A; Pagni, BA; Roberts, DE; Ross, S; Zeifman, RJ, 2023)	1.44

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Role	Description
hallucinogen	Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.
fungal metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds.
prodrug	A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.
serotonergic agonist	An agent that has an affinity for serotonin receptors and is able to mimic the effects of serotonin by stimulating the physiologic activity at the cell receptors. Serotonin agonists are used as antidepressants, anxiolytics, and in the treatment of migraine disorders.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
tryptamine alkaloid
tertiary amino compound	A compound formally derived from ammonia by replacing three hydrogen atoms by organyl groups.
organic phosphate
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.3553	3.1890	29.8841	59.4836	AID1224846
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.8917	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	34.9367	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	13.9086	0.0010	8.3798	61.1304	AID1645840
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	3.4750	0.0000	0.2276	3.4750	AID255670
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.5060	0.0001	0.1008	2.4500	AID255671
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)	EC50 (µMol)	0.0740	0.0004	0.2061	1.0000	AID255672
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
temperature homeostasis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
glycolytic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
memory	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretion	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
artery smooth muscle contraction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
urinary bladder smooth muscle contraction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of heat generation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of potassium ion transport	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein localization to cytoskeleton	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glycolytic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of vasoconstriction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
sensitization	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to cocaine	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory response	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic modulation of chemical synaptic transmission	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of execution phase of apoptosis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of platelet aggregation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral fear response	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
locomotory behavior	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
feeding behavior	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of nervous system process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of appetite	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell migration	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cytokine production	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor internalization	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
heart morphogenesis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cardiac muscle hypertrophy	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
activation of phospholipase C activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
phospholipase C-activating serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulus	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
neural crest cell differentiation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
intestine smooth muscle contraction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphorylation	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cGMP-mediated signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
vasoconstriction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic process	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
embryonic morphogenesis	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of behavior	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cell division	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase C signaling	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to temperature stimulus	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin receptor signaling pathway	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmission	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine kinase activator activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
Gq/11-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G-protein alpha-subunit binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
GTPase activator activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
serotonin binding	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter receptor activity	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
neurofilament	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
axon	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic vesicle	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell body	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic shaft	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
postsynaptic membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
cell body fiber	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamatergic synapse	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasm	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor complex	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
dendrite	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1648177	Induction of head-twitch response in ip dosed C57BL/6J mouse measured for 20 mins	2020	Journal of natural products, 02-28, Volume: 83, Issue:2	Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tryptamines Found in Hallucinogenic Mushrooms: Norbaeocystin, Baeocystin, Norpsilocin, and Aeruginascin.
AID255671	Effective concentration required for accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphate in cells stably expressing human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor determined by phosphoinositide hydrolysis assay	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 15, Issue:20	SAR of psilocybin analogs: discovery of a selective 5-HT 2C agonist.
AID255670	Effective concentration required for accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphate in cells stably expressing human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor determined by phosphoinositide hydrolysis assay	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 15, Issue:20	SAR of psilocybin analogs: discovery of a selective 5-HT 2C agonist.
AID255672	Effective concentration required for accumulation of [3H]inositol phosphate in cells transiently expressing human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor determined by phosphoinositide hydrolysis assay	2005	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 15, Issue:20	SAR of psilocybin analogs: discovery of a selective 5-HT 2C agonist.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	369 (34.10)	18.7374
1990's	32 (2.96)	18.2507
2000's	71 (6.56)	29.6817
2010's	191 (17.65)	24.3611
2020's	419 (38.72)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	105 (8.97%)	5.53%
Reviews	235 (20.09%)	6.00%
Case Studies	47 (4.02%)	4.05%
Observational	6 (0.51%)	0.25%
Other	777 (66.41%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (137)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Psilocybin-Enhanced Psychotherapy for Methamphetamine Use Disorder [NCT04982796]	Phase 1/Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-07	Recruiting
Effects of Psilocybin in Anorexia Nervosa [NCT04052568]	Phase 1	22 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-08-26	Completed
Psilocybin-assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression [NCT05227612]	Early Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-27	Enrolling by invitation
PAPR: Psilocybin-assisted Psychotherapy + Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) for Front-line Healthcare Provider COVID-19 Related Burnout [NCT05557643]	Early Phase 1	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-02	Recruiting
Beyond the Self and Back: Neuropharmacological Mechanisms Underlying the Dissolution of the Self [NCT03736980]		140 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-01	Completed
Psilocybin for Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder [NCT03300947]	Phase 1	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-01-02	Active, not recruiting
Direct Comparison of Altered States of Consciousness Induced by LSD and Psilocybin in a Random-order Placebo-controlled Cross-over Study in Healthy Subjects [NCT03604744]	Early Phase 1	28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-27	Completed
Psilocybin-facilitated Treatment for Chronic Pain [NCT05068791]	Early Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-01	Recruiting
An Open Label Pragmatic Feasibility Study on a Resilience Focused Community of Practice Program With Psilocybin-assisted Therapy (PaT) for End-of-Life Patients. [NCT05958758]	Early Phase 1	64 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-01	Not yet recruiting
Evaluating the Effect of Length of Time on Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) on the Response to Psilocybin-assisted Therapy in Individuals With Mild-moderate Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) [NCT05594667]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-01-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Funding)
Psilocybin for Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: a Feasibility Study [NCT04718792]	Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-02-09	Active, not recruiting
Consciousness and Psilocybin Effects on Well-Being (The CoPE Study): Pilot Phase [NCT05592379]	Phase 1	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-07	Enrolling by invitation
Effects of Psilocybin and Spiritual Practice on Persisting Changes in Attitudes and Behavior [NCT00802282]	Phase 1	75 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
Psilocybin-Assisted vs Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder [NCT05421065]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Precision Functional Brain Mapping to Understand the Mechanisms of Psilocybin [NCT04501653]	Early Phase 1	25 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-01	Active, not recruiting
A Phase III, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of COMP360 in Participants With Treatment-resistant Depression [NCT05624268]	Phase 3	255 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-19	Recruiting
Psilocybin vs Escitalopram for Major Depressive Disorder: Comparative Mechanisms [NCT03429075]	Phase 2	59 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-07	Active, not recruiting
Psilocybin Versus Ketamine - Fast Acting Antidepressant Strategies in Treatment-resistant Depression [NCT05383313]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-05-01	Recruiting
Does Psilocybin Change Synaptic Density in the Brains of Patients With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment [NCT06041152]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-30	Not yet recruiting
A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of up to Two Doses of Psilocybin for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder in Adults With Cancer [NCT05947383]	Phase 2	56 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-07	Recruiting
Measurement of Persisting Changes in Emotional Brain Functioning Produced by Psilocybin [NCT02971605]	Phase 1/Phase 2	13 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-07-01	Completed
Exploration of Synaptotrophic Effects of Psilocybin in Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) [NCT06160284]	Phase 1	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Severe Alcohol Use Disorder: Feasibility, Clinical Efficacy & (Neuro)Cognitive Mechanisms [NCT06160232]	Phase 2	62 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-15	Not yet recruiting
Does Serotonin System Stimulation Increase Pro-social Behavior? - A Comparative Pharmacological Neuroscientific Study in Healthy Humans [NCT06081179]	Phase 1	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-24	Recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy in Treating Severe Depression Among Adults With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). [NCT06141876]	Phase 2	160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-15	Not yet recruiting
Outpatient Buprenorphine Induction With Psilocybin for Opioid Use Disorder: a Randomized Double-blind Trial [NCT06067737]	Phase 2	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Microdosing Psychedelics to Improve Mood [NCT05259943]	Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-15	Recruiting
The Effects of Psilocybin on Self-Focus and Self-Related Processing in Treatment Resistant MDD [NCT05381974]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-15	Recruiting
The Safety, Feasibility, and Acceptability of Psilocybin Combined With Multidisciplinary Palliative Care in Demoralized Cancer Survivors With Chronic Pain (P-PC) [NCT05506982]	Phase 1	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-01	Recruiting
A Phase 1/2 Study of a Group Model of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Cancer-Related Anxiety in Patients With Metastatic Cancer [NCT05847686]	Phase 1/Phase 2	56 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-27	Recruiting
Pragmatic Trial of Psilocybin Therapy in Palliative Care (PT2PC): A Multicenter Triple-blind Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial of Psilocybin Therapy for Demoralized Adults Near the End of Life [NCT05403086]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-14	Not yet recruiting
Double-blind Placebo-controlled Naturalistic Study of Microdosing With Psilocybin: Effects on Brain Activity, Behavior, Cognition, Creativity, and Mental Health [NCT05160220]		34 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-20	Completed
A Double-Blind Trial of Psilocybin-Assisted Treatment of Alcohol Dependence [NCT02061293]	Phase 2	95 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Completed
Probing the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Response to Psilocybin in Functional Neurological Disorder (PsiFUND) [NCT05723276]		24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-31	Not yet recruiting
An Exploratory Pilot Study of Palliadelic Treatment to Reduce Psychological Distress and Improve Quality of Life in Persons With Pancreatobiliary Cancer, With a Parallel Assessment of Healthcare Utilization and Family Wellbeing [NCT05220046]	Phase 1	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-10	Recruiting
Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin in Alcohol Dependence [NCT01534494]	Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
SV2A Marker of Synaptogenesis in a Clinical Trial of Psilocybin for Depression [NCT05601648]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-07-01	Withdrawn(stopped due to Due to negative results in similar trials using 11C-UCB-J)
Efficacy and Safety of COMP360 Psilocybin Therapy in Anorexia Nervosa: a Proof-of-concept Study [NCT05481736]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-12	Recruiting
Pharmacokinetics of Psilocybin in Normal Adult Volunteers [NCT02163707]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-06-30	Completed
A Phase 1 Study Comparing the Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Intravenous and Oral Psilocybin [NCT05467761]	Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-06-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Sponsor was not financially able or willing to continue to support the study)
Mechanisms Supporting Psilocybin-assisted Psychotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial [NCT05995769]	Phase 2	128 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Phase II, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group, Single Center Study of Psilocybin Efficacy in Major Depression [NCT03715127]	Phase 2	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-11	Completed
Acute Effects of 2C-B Compared With MDMA and Psilocybin in Healthy Subjects [NCT05523401]	Phase 1	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-30	Not yet recruiting
Effects of Psilocybin on Behavior, Psychology and Brain Function in Long-term Meditators [NCT02145091]	Phase 1	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-05-31	Completed
Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin for the Treatment of Headache Disorders [NCT02981173]	Phase 1	25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-12-05	Completed
Examining the Safety and Clinical Efficacy of Psilocybin Therapy for Veterans With PTSD: An Open-Label Proof-of-Concept Trial [NCT05554094]	Phase 2	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-01	Recruiting
Does Psilocybin Require Psychedelic Effects to Treat Depression? A 4-Week, Double-Blind, Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial [NCT05710237]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-01	Recruiting
The QUANTUM Trip Trial - Psilocybin-assisted Therapy for Reducing Alcohol Intake in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial. [NCT05416229]	Phase 2	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-01	Recruiting
Assessing the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Psilocybin Therapy Followed by Accelerated Intermittent Theta Burst (aiTBS) Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder [NCT06132178]	Phase 2	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-01	Not yet recruiting
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Support-of-Concept Phase 2 Study of Single-Dose Psilocybin for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) [NCT03866174]	Phase 2	104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-10-15	Completed
An Open Label Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin in Participants With Treatment-Resistant Depression (P-TRD) [NCT04433858]	Phase 2	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Active, not recruiting
Effects of Psilocybin in Advanced-Stage Cancer Patients With Anxiety [NCT00302744]	Phase 1/Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-04-30	Completed
An Open-Label Investigation of the Effects of Sub-Perceptual Repeat Dosing of Psilocybin on the Behavioural and Cognitive Symptoms of Fragile X Syndrome in Adult Patients [NCT05832255]	Phase 2	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-28	Recruiting
A Phase III, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Controlled Study to Investigate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Two Administrations of COMP360 in Participants With Treatment-resistant Depression [NCT05711940]	Phase 3	568 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-02-14	Recruiting
Investigating the Mechanisms of the Effects of Psilocybin on Visual Perception and Visual Representations in the Brain [NCT05265546]	Phase 1	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-02-14	Not yet recruiting
An Open Label Study of Single-Dose Psilocybin for Major Depressive Disorder With Co-occurring Borderline Personality Disorder [NCT05399498]	Phase 2	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-10-01	Not yet recruiting
Safety and Tolerability of Psilocybin in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [NCT05562973]	Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-02-29	Not yet recruiting
Psilocybin Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder With Co-occurring Alcohol Use Disorder [NCT04620759]	Phase 2	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-04-14	Recruiting
An Open-Label Pilot Study Examining the Feasibility, Safety, and Effectiveness of Psilocybin Therapy for Depression in Bipolar II Disorder [NCT05065294]	Phase 2	14 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-01-28	Recruiting
Comparison of the Effects of PEX20 (Oral Psilocin), PEX30 (Sublingual Psilocin), and PEX10 (Oral Psilocybin) in Healthy Adults [NCT05317689]	Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-26	Recruiting
A Pilot Study of Psilocybin Enhanced Group Psychotherapy in Patients With Cancer [NCT04522804]	Early Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-10-04	Active, not recruiting
An Exploratory Open-Label, Phase 1b, Ascending Dose Study to Evaluate the Effects of Oral 3-[2-(Dimethylamino)Ethyl]-1h-indol-4-yl Dihydrogen Phosphate (Psilocybin, BPL-PSILO) on Cognition in Patients With Chronic Short-Lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform Hea [NCT04905121]	Phase 1	4 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-08-11	Terminated(stopped due to Unable to recruit patient population)
Behavioral and Neural Mechanisms Supporting Psilocybin-assisted Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain [NCT05224336]	Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-01-01	Recruiting
Evaluation of the Acceptability, Safety, Feasibility, and Efficacy of Psilocybin-assisted Psychotherapy (PaP) for the Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in Military Veterans [NCT05876481]	Phase 2	8 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-30	Not yet recruiting
5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin in the Treatment of Tobacco Use Disorder [NCT05452772]	Phase 2	66 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-01	Recruiting
Pilot Study: Effects of Psilocybin on Behavior, Psychology and Brain Function in Long-term Meditators [NCT01988311]	Phase 1	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2013-05-31	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Psilocybin for Opioid Use Disorder in Patients on Methadone Maintenance With Ongoing Opioid Use [NCT05242029]	Phase 2	92 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
Phase II, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group, Single Center Study of Psilocybin Efficacy and Mechanism in Alcohol Use Disorder [NCT04141501]	Phase 2	37 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-08	Completed
A Phase 2a, Open-label, Pilot Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin Administration in Concert With Psychotherapy Among Adult Patients With Fibromyalgia [NCT05128162]	Phase 2	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-27	Recruiting
Repeat Dosing of Psilocybin in Headache Disorders [NCT04218539]	Phase 1	24 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-10	Active, not recruiting
Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin for the Treatment of Headache Disorders: Sub-Study II [NCT03806985]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-28	Terminated(stopped due to Challenging to recruit qualifying subjects)
Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin for the Treatment of Headache Disorders: Sub-Study I [NCT03341689]	Phase 1	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-01	Completed
Phase I Study of the Safety and Adjunctive Effects of Psilocybin in Adults With Opioid Use Disorder Maintained on a Buprenorphine/Naloxone Formulation [NCT04161066]	Phase 1	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-13	Recruiting
Inpatient Buprenorphine Induction With Psilocybin for Opioid Use Disorder: a Randomized Double-blind Trial [NCT06005662]	Phase 2	90 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Recruiting
A Phase 2a Safety and Feasibility Study Evaluating Psilocybin (TRP-8802) Administration in Concert With Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Binge Eating Disorder [NCT05035927]	Phase 2	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-16	Active, not recruiting
A 24-Week, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) [NCT05646303]	Phase 2	128 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-05-02	Recruiting
NW Trauma Therapies, Chronic Illness of Chronic Depression, PTSD, MS, HIV, and SARS-CoV-2, Long Haulers Syndrome. Treatment of Unregulaaible Trauma by the Treatment of Enhanced Micro Dosing the Levels of 0.15, Thru 0.33, With a Maintenance Dose of 1 Gram [NCT05042466]	Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-09-03	Not yet recruiting
Standardized Natural Psilocybin-assisted Psychotherapy for Tapering of Opioid Medication in Patients With Chronic Pain: an Open-label Feasibility Study [NCT05585229]	Phase 2	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-11-01	Not yet recruiting
The Neurobiological Effect of 5-HT2AR Modulation [NCT03289949]	Phase 1	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-03-03	Recruiting
A Randomised, Placebo Controlled Trial of Psilocybin in Treatment Resistant Depression: A Feasibility Study [NCT04959253]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-09-01	Recruiting
Comparative Acute Effects of LSD, Psilocybin and Mescaline in a Random-Order Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Study in Healthy Subjects [NCT04227756]	Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-05-19	Active, not recruiting
Psilocybin as a Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa: A Pilot Study [NCT04505189]	Phase 1/Phase 2	21 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-05-28	Active, not recruiting
Pilot Trial of Visual Healing®, a Nature-themed Virtual Immersive Experience, to Optimize Set and Setting in Psilocybin-assisted Therapy for Alcohol Use Disorder [NCT04410913]	Phase 2	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-18	Active, not recruiting
Feasibility Phase 2 Study of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Opioid-Refractory Pain in Patients With Advanced Cancer [NCT06001749]	Phase 2	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-31	Not yet recruiting
Exploratory Study of the Effects of Low-Dose Psilocybin on Sensory Processing, Neurophysiological Arousal, and Emotional Health [NCT05227742]	Early Phase 1	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-08-15	Recruiting
Psilocybin-facilitated Treatment for Cocaine Use: A Pilot Study [NCT02037126]	Phase 2	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Active, not recruiting
A Phase II Randomized, Double-blind, Active Placebo-controlled Parallel Group Trial to Examine the Efficacy and Safety of Psilocybin in Treatment-resistant Major Depression [NCT04670081]	Phase 2	144 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-06-10	Active, not recruiting
Psilocybin Therapy for Depression and Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease: a Pilot Study [NCT04932434]	Phase 2	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-15	Active, not recruiting
Psilocybin-assisted Psychotherapy in the Management of Anxiety Associated With Stage IV Melanoma. [NCT00979693]	Phase 2	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to "The study was suspended because the PI was unable to get permission from his department to submit the protocol to the local IRB?")
Psilocybin-assisted Interpersonal Therapy for Depression [NCT05581797]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-15	Enrolling by invitation
Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin for Body Dysmorphic Disorder [NCT04656301]	Phase 2	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-02-26	Completed
A Phase 2b, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multi-center Study of the Effects of Psilocybin-assisted Psychotherapy on Psychiatric and Existential Distress in Advanced Cancer [NCT05398484]	Phase 2/Phase 3	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-06-15	Recruiting
The Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin in Patients With Treatment-resistant Depression and Chronic Suicidal Ideation [NCT05220410]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-28	Recruiting
Effects of Psilocybin in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder [NCT05546658]	Early Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-11-28	Recruiting
Evaluation of Psilocybin in Anorexia Nervosa: Safety and Efficacy [NCT04661514]	Phase 2	16 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-05-01	Completed
Psychopharmacology of Psilocybin in Cancer Patients [NCT00465595]	Phase 2	56 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-04-30	Completed
Multivariate Neural and Physiological Correlates of Psychedelic Sub-states: a Within-subjects, Healthy Volunteer Study With Experience-sampling [NCT05698511]	Phase 1	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-31	Recruiting
The Safety and Tolerability of COMP360 in Participants With Post-traumatic Stress Disorder [NCT05312151]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-06-10	Recruiting
A Double-blind, Randomized Trial Examining the Preliminary Efficacy of Psilocybin Therapy for People With Chronic Low Back Pain [NCT05351541]	Phase 1/Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-01	Recruiting
Prophylactic Effects of Psilocybin on Chronic Cluster Headache: an Open-label Clinical Trial and Neuroimaging Study [NCT04280055]	Phase 1/Phase 2	10 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-01-21	Terminated(stopped due to Not possible to achieve the anticipated no. of patients due to Covid-19 pandemic)
Psilocybin-assisted Group Therapy for Demoralization in Long-term AIDS Survivors [NCT02950467]	Phase 1	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-05	Completed
A Phase 1, Two-Part Study in Healthy Volunteers to Evaluate The Effect of Psilocybin on Cardiac Repolarization and The Effect of Food on Psilocybin Pharmacokinetics [NCT05478278]	Phase 1	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-06-22	Completed
Psilocybin-facilitated Smoking Cessation Treatment: A Pilot Study [NCT01943994]		95 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Active, not recruiting
The Efficacy and Tolerability of Psilocybin in Participants With Treatment-Resistant Depression: a Phase 2, Randomized Feasibility Study [NCT05029466]	Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-11-19	Completed
Engaging Mood Brain Circuits With Psilocybin: a Randomized Neuroimaging Trial in Depression [NCT06072898]	Phase 2	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-12-31	Not yet recruiting
The Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin in Participants With Type 2 Bipolar Disorder (BP-II) Depression. [NCT04433845]	Phase 2	15 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-03-01	Active, not recruiting
Effects of Psilocybin in Major Depressive Disorder [NCT03181529]	Phase 2	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-08-10	Completed
"Mood and Cognitive Effects of Low Doses of Psilocybin Observed in Healthy Subjects (MELO): A Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Finding Study" [NCT05252598]	Early Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2023-01-31	Withdrawn(stopped due to The sponsor no longer wishes to pursue the methods outlined in the protocol.)
Safety and Feasibility of Psilocybin in Methamphetamine Use Disorder in a Community-Based Sample [NCT05322954]	Phase 1	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-03-03	Recruiting
A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Psychedelic-assisted Psychotherapy With Single Dose Psilocybin for Frontline Clinicians Experiencing COVID-related Symptoms of Depression and Burnout [NCT05163496]	Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-03-03	Active, not recruiting
Recall of Experience and Conscious Awareness in Psilocybin Treatment of Depression (The RECAP Study): Pilot Phase in Healthy Adult Volunteers [NCT04842045]	Phase 1	8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-05-21	Completed
Psilocybin Treatment in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: a Preliminary Efficacy Study and Exploratory Investigation of Neural Correlates. [NCT03356483]	Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-11-13	Recruiting
Effects of Psilocybin on Anxiety and Psychosocial Distress in Cancer Patients [NCT00957359]	Early Phase 1	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-02-28	Completed
Open Label, Phase 1 Study for Evaluating the Feasibility, Safety and Efficacy of Psychotherapy Assisted Psilocybin for Treatment of Severe OCD [NCT04882839]	Phase 1/Phase 2	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-01	Not yet recruiting
The Effect of Psilocybin on MDD Symptom Severity and Synaptic Density - A Single Dose Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo- Controlled Phase 2 Positron Emission Tomography Study [NCT04630964]	Phase 2	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-01-01	Active, not recruiting
The Role of Personal Experience for the Therapeutic Attitude in the Context of Substance-assisted Therapy Training [NCT05570708]		48 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-25	Enrolling by invitation
Effects of Psilocybin in Post-Treatment Lyme Disease [NCT05305105]	Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-01	Enrolling by invitation
Effects of Psilocybin on Electrophysiology and the Dynamic Content of Thought [NCT05301608]	Phase 1/Phase 2	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-03	Recruiting
Pilot Study of Serotonin 2A Receptor (5-HT2A) Agonist Psilocybin for Depression in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Early Alzheimer's Disease [NCT04123314]	Early Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-03-24	Recruiting
Investigating the Therapeutic Effects of Psilocybin in Treatment-Resistant Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [NCT05243329]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-10-03	Active, not recruiting
Psilocybin for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder [NCT05675800]	Phase 2	35 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-01-01	Not yet recruiting
Safety Profile of 25 mg Psilocybin in Individuals With Cocaine Use Disorder [NCT06102434]	Early Phase 1	10 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-02-29	Not yet recruiting
Visual Surround Suppression and Perceptual Expectation Under Psilocybin [NCT04424225]	Phase 1	75 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-30	Recruiting
The Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin in Cancer Patients With Major Depressive Disorder [NCT04593563]	Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-01	Active, not recruiting
Effects of Psilocybin-facilitated Experience on the Psychology and Effectiveness of Professional Leaders in Religion [NCT02243813]	Phase 1	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-03-31	Active, not recruiting
Psilocybin in Patients With Fibromyalgia: EEG-measured Brain Biomarkers of Action [NCT05548075]		20 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-08-15	Recruiting
Pilot Study of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy for Demoralization in Patients Receiving Hospice Care - PATH Study [NCT04950608]	Phase 2	15 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-09	Recruiting
Psilocybin - Induced Neuroplasticity in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder [NCT03554174]	Phase 1	18 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-02-27	Active, not recruiting
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Effects of Psilocybin-Facilitated Experience on the Psychology and Effectiveness of Professional Leaders in Religion [NCT02421263]	Phase 1	12 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-30	Completed
Activating Neuroplasticity to ENHANCE the Perception Box Expanding Effects of Psilocybin [NCT05866471]	Phase 1	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-03-31	Not yet recruiting
The Safety and Efficacy Of Psilocybin as an Adjunctive Therapy in Participants With Treatment Resistant Depression [NCT04739865]	Phase 2	19 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-08-10	Completed
Psilocybin and Depression - Assessing the Long-term Effects of a Single Administration of Psilocybin on the Psychiatric Symptoms and Brain Activity of Patients With Severe Depression [NCT03380442]	Phase 2	60 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-09-30	Not yet recruiting
A Phase II, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Controlled Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of COMP360 in Participants With Major Depressive Disorder With One Prior Treatment Failure [NCT05733546]	Phase 2	102 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-01-30	Recruiting
The Safety and Efficacy of Psilocybin in Participants With Treatment Resistant Depression [NCT03775200]	Phase 2	233 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-03-01	Completed
Psilocybin for Psychological and Existential Distress in Palliative Care: A Multi-site, Open-label, Single Arm Phase 1/2 Proof-of-concept, Dose-finding, and Feasibility Clinical Trial [NCT04754061]	Phase 1/Phase 2	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-03-31	Not yet recruiting
Effects of Repeated Dosing of Psilocybin on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized, Waitlist-Controlled Study [NCT05370911]	Phase 1	30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-07-20	Recruiting
Modulation of Serotonin Pathways Using Psilocybin in Adults With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) [NCT05651126]		70 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-12-31	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00465595 (2) [back to overview]	GRID-HAM-D-17 -- Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Scale.
NCT00465595 (2) [back to overview]	HAM-A Assessed With the SIGH-A -- a Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (SIGH-A).
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	Death Anxiety Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	Death Anxiety Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI Trait
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	Death Transcendence Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	Death Transcendence Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	Demoralization Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	Demoralization Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	Demoralization Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Anxiety
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Anxiety
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Anxiety
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Anxiety
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Anxiety
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Depression
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Anxiety
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Anxiety
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Anxiety
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Depression
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Depression
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Depression
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Depression
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Depression
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	HADS Depression
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	Hopelessness
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	Hopelessness
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	Hopelessness
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	QoL Environment Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	QoL Environment Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	QoL Environment Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	QoL Physical Health Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	QoL Physical Health Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	QoL Physical Health Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	QoL Psychological Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	QoL Psychological Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	QoL Psychological Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	QoL Social Relationships Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	QoL Social Relationships Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	QoL Social Relationships Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI State
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI State
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI State
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI State
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	Death Anxiety Scale
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI State
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI State
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI State
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI Trait
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI Trait
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI Trait
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI Trait
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI Trait
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI Trait
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	STAI Trait
NCT00957359 (54) [back to overview]	State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) State
NCT01534494 (1) [back to overview]	Change in Percent Heavy Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Short Inventory of Problems (SIP-2R) Score
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Short Inventory of Problems (SIP-2R) Score
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Drinks Per Day
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Drinks Per Day
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Drinks Per Day
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 1 Level
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Heavy Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Heavy Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Heavy Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Achieving No Heavy Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Achieving No Heavy Drinking Days
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 1 Level
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 2 Levels
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 2 Levels
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 3 Levels
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percent of Participants Achieving WHO Risk Drinking Level Decrease of at Least 3 Levels
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Achieving Abstinence From Drinking
NCT02061293 (21) [back to overview]	Percentage of Participants Achieving Abstinence From Drinking
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Trait) at End-of-treatment
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Number of Participants Who Experienced Treatment-related Adverse Events as Assessed by NIH Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Version 2.0
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change in Average Score on Subscales of Group Questionnaire Pre-drug vs Post-drug
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Subject Recruitment and Retention
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire-Revised (Overall) at 3-month Follow-up
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Scale at 3-month Follow-up
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Scale at End-of-treatment
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised at 3-month Follow-up
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised at End-of-treatment
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Demoralization Scale-II at 3-month Follow-up
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Demoralization Scale-II at End-of-treatment
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Experiences in Closer Relationships-M16 (Anxiety) at 3-month Follow-up
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Experiences in Closer Relationships-M16 (Anxiety) at End-of-treatment
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Experiences in Closer Relationships-M16 (Avoidance) at 3-month Follow-up
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Experiences in Closer Relationships-M16 (Avoidance) at End-of-treatment
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in HIV and Abuse Related Shame Inventory at 3-month Follow-up
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in HIV and Abuse Related Shame Inventory at End-of-treatment
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Inventory of Complicated Grief at 3-month Follow-up
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in Inventory of Complicated Grief-Revised at End-of-treatment
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in McGill Quality of Life Questionnaired-Revised (Overall) at End-of-treatment
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in PTSD Checklist 5 at 3-month Follow-up
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in PTSD Checklist 5 at End-of-treatment
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (State) at 3-month Follow-up
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (State) at End-of-treatment
NCT02950467 (25) [back to overview]	Change From Baseline in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Trait) at 3-month Follow-up
NCT02971605 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Emotional Functioning Tasks Response Time (Milliseconds)
NCT02971605 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Longitudinal Emotion and Mood Questionnaire Scores
NCT02971605 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Longitudinal Emotion and Mood Questionnaire Scores
NCT02971605 (5) [back to overview]	Change in Emotional Functioning Task Accuracy
NCT02971605 (5) [back to overview]	Amygdala Response to Stimuli in the Emotion Recognition Test
NCT03181529 (1) [back to overview]	The GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (GRID-HAMD)
NCT03775200 (2) [back to overview]	MADRS Change From Baseline to Week 3, Sensitivity Analysis
NCT03775200 (2) [back to overview]	Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) Change From Baseline to Week 3
NCT04656301 (1) [back to overview]	Body Dysmorphic Disorder Modification of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Scale
NCT04739865 (4) [back to overview]	Improvement in Clinical Global Impression - Severity
NCT04739865 (4) [back to overview]	Improvement in Depressive Symptoms
NCT04739865 (4) [back to overview]	Incidence of Remission
NCT04739865 (4) [back to overview]	Incidence of Response

GRID-HAM-D-17 -- Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Scale.

The GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale is a 17-item clinician-administered rating scale designed to assess severity of depressive symptoms. The score range for the GRID-HAMD is 0 to 52, with higher score indicating more severe depression. For this clinician-rated measure, a clinically significant response was defined as ⩾50% decrease in measure relative to Baseline; symptom remission was defined as ⩾50% decrease in measure relative to Baseline and a score of ⩽7 on the GRID-HAMD (NCT00465595)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5 weeks post session 1 and 2, 6-month follow-up

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Low-Dose First Baseline	22.32
Low-Dose First Post Session 1	14.8
Low-Dose First Post Session 2	6.5
Low-Dose First 6 Month	6.95
High-Dose First Baseline	22.84
High-Dose First Post Session 1	6.64
High-Dose First Post Session 2	6.52
High-Dose First 6 Month	6.23

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
Low-Dose First Baseline	25.68
Low-Dose First Post Session 1	16.64
Low-Dose First Post Session 2	8.92
Low-Dose First 6 Month	7.95
High-Dose First Baseline	25.73
High-Dose First Post Session 1	8.48
High-Dose First Post Session 2	7.52
High-Dose First 6 Month	7.04

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	6.57
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	7.85

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	9.14
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	8.13

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	27.5
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	44

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	33.98
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	19.88

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	13.64
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	11.27

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	18.79
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	32.79

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	35.71
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	38.07

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	19.38
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	24.58

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	6.84
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	13.02

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	3.43
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	6.0

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	4.57
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	7.98

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	15.14
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	16.93

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	10.43
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	16.47

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	2.69
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	4.70

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	4.64
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	8.44

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	3.60
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	5.54

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	5.29
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	7

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	4.21
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	12.07

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	5.25
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	10.05

psilocybin

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (67)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (4)

Drug Classes (3)

Protein Targets (7)

Potency Measurements

Activation Measurements

Biological Processes (72)

Molecular Functions (12)

Ceullar Components (16)

Bioassays (37)

Research

Studies (1,082)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 103.04

Study Types

Clinical Trials (137)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

GRID-HAM-D-17 -- Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Scale.

HAM-A Assessed With the SIGH-A -- a Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (SIGH-A).

Death Anxiety Scale

Death Anxiety Scale

STAI Trait

Death Transcendence Scale

Death Transcendence Scale

Demoralization Scale

Demoralization Scale

Demoralization Scale

HADS Anxiety

HADS Anxiety

HADS Anxiety

HADS Anxiety

HADS Anxiety

HADS Depression

HADS Anxiety

HADS Anxiety

HADS Anxiety

HADS Depression

HADS Depression

HADS Depression

HADS Depression

HADS Depression

HADS Depression

Hopelessness

Hopelessness

Hopelessness

QoL Environment Scale

QoL Environment Scale

QoL Environment Scale

QoL Physical Health Scale

QoL Physical Health Scale

QoL Physical Health Scale

QoL Psychological Scale

QoL Psychological Scale

QoL Psychological Scale

QoL Social Relationships Scale

QoL Social Relationships Scale

QoL Social Relationships Scale

STAI State

STAI State

STAI State

STAI State

Death Anxiety Scale

STAI State

STAI State

STAI State

STAI Trait

STAI Trait

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	6.48
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	9.06

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	6.5
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	14.24

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	6.31
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	9.65

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	2.79
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	6.08

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	2.30
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	3.86

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	5.71
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	6.73

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	16.42
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	13.90

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	15.75
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	14.93

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	16.96
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	15.82

Intervention	score on a scale (Mean)
Psilocybin First, Then Niacin	16.0
Niacin First, Then Psilocybin	12.44