Compounds > hydroxyproline

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hydroxyproline

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Description

Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5810
CHEMBL ID	352418
CHEBI ID	18095
CHEBI ID	18240
CHEBI ID	24741
SCHEMBL ID	21185
MeSH ID	M0010778

Synonyms (127)

Synonym
AC-2249
(2s,4r)-trans-4-hydroxyproline
(4r)-4-hydroxy-l-proline
CHEBI:18095 ,
CHEBI:18240 ,
HYP ,
delta-hydroxyproline
l-proline, 4-hydroxy-, trans-
trans-l-hydroxyproline
nsc46704
4-l-hydroxyproline
trans-4-hydroxyproline
hydroxy-l-proline
ls-hydroxyproline
4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
4-hydroxy-l-proline ,
trans-hydroxyproline
l-4-hydroxyproline
nsc-46704
hydroxyproline,(l)
l-proline, trans-
proline, 4-hydroxy-
hypro
.delta.-hydroxyproline
NCI60_004102
einecs 200-091-9
hydroxyproline (van)
proline, 4-hydroxy- (van)
nsc 46704
proline, 4-hydroxy-, l-
l-proline, 4-hydroxy-
l-proline, 4-hydroxy-, (4r)-
hydroxyproline
51-35-4
trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline ,
C01157
l-hydroxyproline
trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, bioreagent, suitable for cell culture, >=98.5%
trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, >=99%
H-7290
smr000857104
MLS001332463
MLS001332464
trans-l-4-hydroxyproline
(2s,4r)-4-hydroxyproline
trans-hydroxy-l-proline
trans-oxyproline
trans-l-4-hydroxy-proline
trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, bioxtra, >=99.0% (nt)
F05487BD-FA1D-4C80-83AD-3A91E2078031
6912-67-0
BMSE000123
l-proline, 4-hydroxy-, trans- (9ci)
CHEMBL352418 ,
(2s,4r)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
h-hyp-oh
AKOS007930607
rmb44wo89x ,
unii-rmb44wo89x
(2s,4r)-(-)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
M03214
BMSE000966
bdbm50357233
BP-10638
PS-5807
S5820
trans-4-hydroxy-proline
gtpl4704
lumistor
hydroxyproline [inci]
hydroxyproline [mi]
hydroxyproline [who-dd]
DB08847
AM81829
SCHEMBL21185
mfcd00064320
4(r)-hydroxyproline
(2s,4r)-2-carboxy-4-hydroxypyrrolidine
h-trans-hyp-oh
l-4-transhydroxyproline
(2s, 4r)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidine-carboxylic acid
trans-4-hydroxyl-proline
trans-4-hydroxy(l)proline
(2s,4r)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
(2s,4r)-4-hydroxy-l-proline
trans-4-hydroxyl-l-proline
trans4-hydroxy-l-proline
l-trans-4-hydroxy-proline
trans-4-hydroxy-(l)-proline
4-(r)-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2-(s)-carboxylic acid
(2s, 4r)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid
(2s, 4r)-4-hydroxy-proline
(2s,4r)-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
(2s, 4r)-4-hydroxyproline
PMMYEEVYMWASQN-DMTCNVIQSA-N
618-28-0
l-hydroxyproline;
F8889-8652
J-525022
CS-W008928
trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, analytical standard
trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, microbial, cell culture tested
trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, vetec(tm) reagent grade, 99%
hydroxiproline
hydroxy-proline
l-threo-4-hydroxyproline
HY-40135
hydroxyproline, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
Z802856442
l-hydroxyproline,(s)
Q27089020
l-hydroxyprolin
(4r)-hydroxyproline
P16433
(2s,4r)-rel-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
DTXSID10883225 ,
A905519
l-hydroxyproline;trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline
EN300-53732
trans-4-d-hydroxyproline
oxyproline
o hui wrinkle science wrinkle repair
dtxcid001022774
ohui wrinkle science wrinkle repair eye
chebi:24741
nmh-pro
4 hydroxyproline

Research Excerpts

Overview

L-Hydroxyproline is a valuable intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. Hydroxyprolinemia is an inborn error of amino acid degradation that is considered a non-disease.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Hydroxyproline is an industrially important compound with applications in the pharmaceutical, nutrition, and cosmetic industries. "	( Enzymatic reactions and microorganisms producing the various isomers of hydroxyproline. Hara, R; Kino, K, 2020)	2.23
"Hydroxyproline is a common variation of proline, with diverse biological roles. "	( A Combined Infrared Ion Spectroscopy and Computational Chemistry Study of Hydroxyproline Isomers. Acharya, B; Berden, G; Kaushalya, WKDN; Martens, J; Oomens, J; Patrick, AL, 2020)	2.23
"Hydroxyproline does not seem to be a suitable marker for this purpose."	( Do oral amino acid supplements facilitate the healing of rat lung injuries? Ağababaoğlu, İ; Aksun, S; Çakır, E; Ersöz, H; Güneli, E; Taylan, İ, 2020)	1.28
"Hydroxyproline is a structurally and physiologically important imino acid in animals. "	( Metabolism, Nutrition, and Redox Signaling of Hydroxyproline. Dai, Z; Hou, Y; Hu, CA; Wu, G; Wu, Z, 2019)	2.21
"L-Hydroxyproline (Hyp) is a valuable intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals; consequently, a practical process for its production has been in high demand. "	( Ectoine hydroxylase displays selective trans-3-hydroxylation activity towards L-proline. Hara, R; Kino, K; Koketsu, K; Nishikawa, T; Okuhara, T, 2019)	1.24
"Hydroxyproline (Hyp) is an imino acid posttranslationally formed by sequence-specific hydroxylases in the repeating collagen Gly-Xaa-Yaa triad present in all collagen types of all species. "	( Analysis of Hydroxyproline in Collagen Hydrolysates. Hoffmann, R; Langrock, T, 2019)	2.34
"Hydroxyproline is a non-essential amino acid found in collagen and few other extracellular animal proteins. "	( Hydroxyproline: A Potential Biochemical Marker and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Different Diseases. Khare, P; Nagar, HK; Raghuwanshi, N; Srivastava, AK; Srivastava, R, 2016)	3.32
"Hydroxyprolinemia is an inborn error of amino acid degradation that is considered a non-disease. "	( Genetic cause and prevalence of hydroxyprolinemia. Fang-Hoffmann, J; Feyh, P; Gramer, G; Haack, TB; Hoffmann, GF; Kölker, S; Mayatepek, E; Okun, JG; Prokisch, H; Raga, DE; Sauer, S; Staufner, C; Terrile, C, 2016)	2.16
"Hydroxyprolinemia is an autosomal-recessively inherited benign condition."	( Genetic cause and prevalence of hydroxyprolinemia. Fang-Hoffmann, J; Feyh, P; Gramer, G; Haack, TB; Hoffmann, GF; Kölker, S; Mayatepek, E; Okun, JG; Prokisch, H; Raga, DE; Sauer, S; Staufner, C; Terrile, C, 2016)	1.44
"Hydroxyproline, which is an indicator of fibrosis in liver tissue, was high in the ethanol-treated control group."	( Carotenoid lutein protects rats from paracetamol-, carbon tetrachloride- and ethanol-induced hepatic damage. Firdous, AP; Kuttan, R; Preethi, KC; Sindhu, ER, 2010)	1.08
"Hydroxyproline (Hyp) is an imino acid post-translationally formed by sequence-specific hydroxylases in the repeating collagen Gly-Xaa-Yaa triad present in all collagen types of all species. "	( Analysis of hydroxyproline in collagen hydrolysates. Hoffmann, R; Langrock, T, 2012)	2.2
"Hydroxyproline (Hyp) is an amino acid that is believed to be indicative of the presence of collagen."	( Detection of mature collagen in human dental enamel. Açil, Y; Mobasseri, AE; Springer, I; Terheyden, H; Warnke, PH; Wiltfang, J, 2005)	1.05
"Hydroxyproline (HYP) is an amino acid which is highly specific for bone collagen. "	( Reevaluation of the usefulness of serum free hydroxyproline as a parameter for assessing renal osteodystrophy. Uehara, H, 1993)	1.99
"Hydroxyproline is a major constituent of collagen. "	( Hydroxyprolinemia: comparison of a patient and her unaffected twin sister. Kim, SZ; Levy, HL; Varvogli, L; Waisbren, SE, 1997)	3.18
"1. Hydroxyproline is an amino acid specific of collagen, so that any changes in its urinary concentration is a proof of the metabolical changes of collagen. "	( Researches regarding the effect of total x-ray irradiation on the collagen metabolism in rats. Vlădescu, C, 1975)	0.88
"Hyperhydroxyprolineuria proved to be a more informative evidence for inflammation in vertebral column as compared with the proteins of acute phase of inflammation importance of hydroxyproline measurement in biological fluids for evaluation of the osteomyelitis development was elevated as the inflammation activity decreased (which was estimated by content of the acute phase proteins)."	( [Biochemical criteria of the inflammatory process in spinal osteomyelitis]. Lipskaia, EA; Perova, TL; Tikhodeev, SA; Titarenko, OT, )	0.59

Effects

Hydroxyproline has the same integer molecular weight as leucine and isoleucine. It is quantified with these by tandem mass spectrometry.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Hydroxyproline incorporation has been previously reported in recombinant proteins produced in mammalian expression systems as a post-translational modification."	( Evidence for co-translational misincorporation of non-canonical amino acid hydroxyproline in recombinant antibodies produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell lines. Bhargava, S; Boddapati, S; Boone, K; Bushey, J; Chen, A; Clarke, H; Corrigan, G; Gfeller, B; Gilmore, J; McFee, W; Rao, R; Ross, J; Valliere-Douglass, J, 2020)	1.51
"Hydroxyproline has the same integer molecular weight as leucine and isoleucine and is quantified with these by tandem mass spectrometry. "	( Hyperhydroxyprolinaemia detected in newborn screening with tandem mass spectrometry. Baykal, T; Demir, F; Demirkol, M; Gokcay, G; Karaaslan, I; Laleli, Y, 2004)	1.77
"An hydroxyproline rich fraction has been extracted from the byssus gland of Mytilus. "	( [The byssus of Mytilus: electrophoresis of hydroxyproline-rich proteins from the "collagen gland"]. Bocquet, J; Borel, JP; Pujol, JP, 1976)	1.14

Actions

Hydroxyproline plays a key role in the structural stability and higher order self-assembly to form fibrillar matrices. Levels were lower in the HFC group.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Hydroxyproline plays a key role in the structural stability and higher order self-assembly to form fibrillar matrices."	( Recombinant and genetic code expanded collagen-like protein as a tailorable biomaterial. Aarthy, M; Ayyadurai, N; Meganathan, I; Mukherjee, S; Pachaiyappan, M; Radhakrishnan, J; Shanmugam, G; You, J, 2022)	1.44
"Hydroxyproline plays a major role in stabilizing collagenous domains in eukaryotic organisms. "	( Hydroxyproline-free single composition ABC collagen heterotrimer. Demeler, B; Hartgerink, JD; Jalan, AA, 2013)	3.28
"Hydroxyproline levels were lower in the HFC group."	( Insulin resistance impairs cutaneous wound healing in mice. Monte-Alto-Costa, A; Nascimento, AP; Otranto, M, )	0.85
"The hydroxyproline level was lower in the uremics (p less than 0.05) only in the aponeurosis of the 5th postoperative day and in the colon of the 3.5th to 7th day."	( Effects of chronic renal failure on wound healing in rats. II. Microscopic study and hydroxyproline assay. Kosaki, G; Shindo, K, 1982)	0.97
"Hydroxyproline continued to increase with the time course from the 25th day."	( Changes in connective tissue components in ulcer tissue during the healing process of acetic acid ulcer in rats. Ito, M; Sudo, Y; Suzuki, Y, 1979)	0.98

Treatment

Cis-hydroxyproline (CHP) treatment (2-200 mg/kg) combined with maintenance of animals on a proline-free diet, produced a dose-dependent reduction in prostate weight and DNA content to a maximum of 50%.

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The hydroxyproline levels in all treated groups were different from the control group significantly (P<0.001)."	( Effects of hyperbaric oxygen and Pgg-glucan on ischemic colon anastomosis. AS, A; Atukeren, P; Celik, V; Ferahman, M; Gazioglu, E; Guzel, S; Mutlu, O; Nuri, MM; Sunamak, O, 2006)	0.81
"The hydroxyproline content in treatment groups exhibited an increment after a prior decrement, especially on 5 PBD when the content was much lower in the treatment groups."	( [An experimental study on the effects of NGF on the wound healing of deep partial thickness burn in pigs]. Chen, Y; Lu, G; Yang, M, 2001)	0.79
"Hydroxyproline levels in treated animals did not differ significantly from control levels throughout the study."	( Repeated episodes of C5a-induced neutrophil influx do not result in pulmonary fibrosis. Giri, SN; Harris, JA; Hyde, DM; Stovall, MY; Wang, QJ, 1991)	1
"Cis-hydroxyproline (CHP) treatment (2-200 mg/kg) during the first 7 days of androgen-stimulated prostatic growth, combined with maintenance of animals on a proline-free diet, produced a dose-dependent reduction in prostate weight and DNA content to a maximum of 50%."	( Collagen and the proliferation and differentiation of rat ventral prostate epithelial cells. Frederickson, R; Mata, L; Mawhinney, M; Thornton, M, 1985)	0.75

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The toxic effects of ethanol and cocaine were not reduced by the ingestion of vitamin E during short-term exposure of 21 days of treatment."	( Chronic ethanol and cocaine-induced hepatotoxicity: effects of vitamin E supplementation. Eskelson, CD; Pirozhkov, SV; Watson, RR, 1992)	0.28
" These biochemical changes may account, at least in part, for the mitigation of the toxic effects of hyperoxia, as shown by the delayed appearance of arterial hypoxemia, and the 50% increase in survival time when bleomycin injected rabbits were exposed to 100% O2 35 days postinjection."	( Modification of pulmonary oxygen toxicity by bleomycin treatment. Goldinger, JM; Harper, WV; Matalon, S; Nickerson, PA; Olszowka, J, 1985)	0.27
"The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that bleomycin administration enhances the toxic effects of oxygen on the respiratory system."	( Intravenous bleomycin does not alter the toxic effects of hyperoxia in rabbits. Harper, WV; Matalon, S; Nickerson, PA; Olszowka, J, 1986)	0.27
"The relative therapeutic and toxic effects of two new analogs were compared with bleomycin over a range of doses."	( Relative pulmonary toxicity and antitumor effects of two new bleomycin analogs, pepleomycin and tallysomycin A. Gram, TE; Siddik, ZH; Sikic, BI, )	0.13
" Mice injected subcutaneously with bleomycin A2 developed pulmonary fibrosis, while animals treated with equivalent doses of desamido-bleomycin A2 did not, indicating that this metabolite is not as toxic to the lungs as is the parent compound."	( Lack of metabolism as the biochemical basis of bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity. Humphreys, CJ; Lazo, JS, 1983)	0.27
" Blm-BAPP was significantly more pulmonary toxic than bleomycin and had no greater activity against B16 melanoma than either bleomycin or pepleomycin."	( A comparison of the pulmonary toxicity and chemotherapeutic activity of bleomycin-BAPP to bleomycin and pepleomycin. Ginsburg, E; Gram, TE; Trush, MA, 1984)	0.27
"Tallysomycin S10b (TLM S10b), a structural analog of bleomycin (BLM), was evaluated and compared with BLM for antitumor activity in several murine tumor systems and for toxic effects in mice and rats."	( Tallysomycin S10b: experimental antitumor activity and toxicity. Bradner, WT; Florczyk, AP; Hirth, RS; Huftalen, JB; Rose, WC; Schlein, A; Schurig, JE, 1984)	0.27
"In order to determine the absolute minimum tissue blood flow (TBF) for safe colonic anastomosis, the wound healing process of anastomotic sites with varying degrees of TBF, measured by laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), was examined in dogs."	( The lower limit of tissue blood flow for safe colonic anastomosis: an experimental study using laser Doppler velocimetry. Kashiwagi, H, 1993)	0.29
"Based on the doses that killed 50% of the animals (LD50s), the various components were found to be 10 to 1250 times more toxic when given intratracheally than when given orally (according to reported oral LD50s in rats)."	( Pulmonary toxicity of components of textile paint linked to the Ardystil syndrome: intratracheal administration in hamsters. Clottens, FL; Demedts, M; Nemery, B; Verbeken, EK, 1997)	0.3
" The incidence of adverse reactions in ipriflavone-treated patients (14."	( Efficacy of ipriflavone in established osteoporosis and long-term safety. Agnusdei, D; Bufalino, L, 1997)	0.3
"Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide that is very toxic to all living organisms."	( Captopril inhibits the pulmonary toxicity of paraquat in rats. Alagözlü, H; Candan, F, 2001)	0.31
"Pulmonary toxicity, including fibrosis, is a serious adverse effect associated with the antidysrhythmic drug amiodarone (AM)."	( Differential effects of pirfenidone on acute pulmonary injury and ensuing fibrosis in the hamster model of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. Brien, JF; Card, JW; Margolin, SB; Massey, TE; Racz, WJ, 2003)	0.32
"The finding that plasma glutathione turnover decreases as dietary protein intake decreases suggests that the safe amount of dietary protein, although sufficient for maintenance of nitrogen balance, may be insufficient for maintenance of cellular glutathione."	( Synthesis of erythrocyte glutathione in healthy adults consuming the safe amount of dietary protein. Gibson, NR; Jackson, AA; Jahoor, F; Lu, Y, 2004)	0.32
"Our objective was to determine the effect of the safe protein intake on the erythrocyte glutathione synthesis rate and its relation with urinary 5-L-oxoproline excretion."	( Synthesis of erythrocyte glutathione in healthy adults consuming the safe amount of dietary protein. Gibson, NR; Jackson, AA; Jahoor, F; Lu, Y, 2004)	0.32
"d(-1)) and on days 3 and 10 of consumption of a diet providing the safe protein intake (0."	( Synthesis of erythrocyte glutathione in healthy adults consuming the safe amount of dietary protein. Gibson, NR; Jackson, AA; Jahoor, F; Lu, Y, 2004)	0.32
"05) on days 3 and 10 of the diet with the safe protein intake."	( Synthesis of erythrocyte glutathione in healthy adults consuming the safe amount of dietary protein. Gibson, NR; Jackson, AA; Jahoor, F; Lu, Y, 2004)	0.32
"During adaptation to the safe amount of dietary protein, there are changes in the concentration and kinetics of erythrocyte glutathione that suggest a reduced antioxidant capacity and possible increased susceptibility to oxidant stress."	( Synthesis of erythrocyte glutathione in healthy adults consuming the safe amount of dietary protein. Gibson, NR; Jackson, AA; Jahoor, F; Lu, Y, 2004)	0.32
" Double colonic anastomoses is not as safe as single anastomoses and involves additional risk."	( Is synchronous bowel anastomosis safe? Boylu, S; Culhaci, N; Demirkiran, AE; Erpek, H; Ozgun, H; Tuncyurek, P; Yenisey, C, )	0.13
"Amiodarone (AM), an antidysrrhythmic drug, can produce serious adverse effects, including potentially fatal AM-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT)."	( Aryl radical involvement in amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity: investigation of protection by spin-trapping nitrones. Bedard, LL; Brien, JF; Comeau, JL; Hill, BC; Massey, TE; Nicolescu, AC; Racz, WJ; Takahashi, T, 2007)	0.34
" No adverse changes were observed in animals exposed to any of the SAS at 1mg/m(3)."	( Five-day inhalation toxicity study of three types of synthetic amorphous silicas in Wistar rats and post-exposure evaluations for up to 3 months. Arts, JH; Duistermaat, E; Junker, K; Kuper, CF; Muijser, H, 2007)	0.34
" Based on in-vitro cytotoxicity toward different cell lines, frog skin gelatin could be used as biocompatible material, which could be safe for human consumption."	( Asian bullfrog (Rana tigerina) skin gelatin extracted by ultrasound-assisted process: Characteristics and in-vitro cytotoxicity. Benjakul, S; Karnjanapratum, S, 2020)	0.56

Pharmacokinetics

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In addition, the concentration of 14C-oxaceprol equivalents in synovia was determined at tmax and at tmax + t1/2(elim."	( Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 14C-oxaceprol in beagle dogs after intramuscular and oral administration. Kusche, W; Lachmann, G; Siegemund, B, 1990)	0.28
" Therapeutic regimens are largely based on pharmacodynamic information because of difficulties in obtaining and interpreting pharmacokinetic data."	( Use of a rat model for the simultaneous assessment of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of bisphosphonate treatment: application to the study of intravenous 14C-labeled 1-hydroxy-3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-propylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate. Koopmans, SJ; Löwik, CW; Papapoulos, SE; van der Wee-Pals, L, 1994)	0.29
" The design of therapeutic regimens with bisphosphonates is mainly based on pharmacodynamic (PD) information."	( A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model for intravenous bisphosphonate (pamidronate) in osteoporosis. Cremers, S; den, HJ; Hamdy, N; Papapoulos, S; Sparidans, R; Vermeij, P, 2002)	0.31
" The validated method was successfully applied to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study of oxaceprol in rats."	( Determination of oxaceprol in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. Chen, N; Ding, G; Gu, J; Zhang, Z, 2011)	0.37
" The present study was designed to elucidate the potential role of antifibrotic effects of carvedilol in improving hepatic efficiency and the carvedilol oral pharmacokinetic changes during induction of liver fibrosis."	( Antifibrotic Effects of Carvedilol and Impact of Liver Fibrosis on Carvedilol Pharmacokinetics in a Rat model. Abdel-Sattar, SA; El-Bakly, WM; El-Demerdash, E; Mohamed, EA, 2017)	0.46
" In addition, the pharmacokinetic parameters of a single dose of carvedilol are altered in liver fibrosis, manifested as delayed clearance."	( Antifibrotic Effects of Carvedilol and Impact of Liver Fibrosis on Carvedilol Pharmacokinetics in a Rat model. Abdel-Sattar, SA; El-Bakly, WM; El-Demerdash, E; Mohamed, EA, 2017)	0.46

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"We concluded that IGF-I is a potent stimulant of incisional wound healing, but if administered without other growth factors, its effects can only be shown when it is combined with one of its specific binding proteins."	( Increased wound-breaking strength induced by insulin-like growth factor I in combination with insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1. Busby, WH; Clemmons, DR; Jyung, RW; Mustoe, JA, 1994)	0.29
"To investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) on the release of collagen, and the production and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) induced by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1alpha (IL1alpha) in combination with oncostatin M (OSM) from bovine nasal cartilage and primary human articular chondrocytes."	( Insulin-like growth factor 1 blocks collagen release and down regulates matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3, -8, and -13 mRNA expression in bovine nasal cartilage stimulated with oncostatin M in combination with interleukin 1alpha. Cawston, T; Hui, W; Rowan, AD, 2001)	0.31
"To examine the effects and possible mechanism of the immunosuppressant agent cyclophosphamide (CP) combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) on bleomycin induced lung fibrosis in mice."	( Cyclophosphamide Combined with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Protects against Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice. Li, L; Li, Y; Xiong, J; Xu, J; Ye, Q; Zheng, Y, 2015)	0.42
"To evaluate the effects of hydrotalcite combined with esomeprazole on gastric ulcer healing quality."	( Effects of hydrotalcite combined with esomeprazole on gastric ulcer healing quality: A clinical observation study. Huang, LY; Lu, M; Mao, H; Su, PZ; Yang, RQ, 2017)	0.46
" The former received hydrotalcite combined with esomeprazole, and the latter received esomeprazole alone, for 8 wk."	( Effects of hydrotalcite combined with esomeprazole on gastric ulcer healing quality: A clinical observation study. Huang, LY; Lu, M; Mao, H; Su, PZ; Yang, RQ, 2017)	0.46
"Hydrotalcite combined with esomeprazole is superior to esomeprazole alone in improving gastric ulcer healing quality in terms of improving microvascular morphology, degree of structure maturity and function of regenerated mucosa."	( Effects of hydrotalcite combined with esomeprazole on gastric ulcer healing quality: A clinical observation study. Huang, LY; Lu, M; Mao, H; Su, PZ; Yang, RQ, 2017)	0.46
" The present study was designed to investigate the possible protective effects of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) (50mg/kg, acting as an anti-inflammatory drug, interferes with the arachidonic acid metabolism) when administrated in combination with hesperidin (HDN) (200mg/kg, a flavanone glycoside with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities) against alcoholic liver fibrosis in wistar rats compared to silymarin (Sil) (100mg/kg)."	( Antifibrotic effect of diethylcarbamazine combined with hesperidin against ethanol induced liver fibrosis in rats. El-Sisi, AEE; Mohamed, DZ; Shebl, AM; Sokar, SS, 2017)	0.46
"This study aimed to explore whether and how anti-lysyl oxidase (anti-LOX) combined with a vacuum device (VD) could promote penile lengthening and to evaluate the effect on erectile function."	( Anti-lysyl oxidase combined with a vacuum device induces penile lengthening by remodeling the tunica albuginea. Fu, FD; Li, T; Qin, F; Wang, R; Wu, CJ; Yuan, JH, )	0.13
"To determine the clinical efficacy of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rh-EGF) combined with povidone-iodine (PVI) on patients with pressure ulcers (PUs)."	( Efficacy of Human-Recombinant Epidermal Growth Factor Combined with Povidone-Iodine for Pressure Ulcers and Its Influence on Inflammatory Cytokines. Lv, D; Wang, X; Yong, L; Zhang, B; Zhang, R; Zhao, Z, 2022)	0.72
" Of them, 50 patients who received conventional treatment were assigned to the control group (Con group), while 55 patients treated with rh-EGF combined with PVI were assigned to the observation group (Obs group)."	( Efficacy of Human-Recombinant Epidermal Growth Factor Combined with Povidone-Iodine for Pressure Ulcers and Its Influence on Inflammatory Cytokines. Lv, D; Wang, X; Yong, L; Zhang, B; Zhang, R; Zhao, Z, 2022)	0.72
"All in all, rh-EGF combined with PVI has a definite curative effect on patients with PUs."	( Efficacy of Human-Recombinant Epidermal Growth Factor Combined with Povidone-Iodine for Pressure Ulcers and Its Influence on Inflammatory Cytokines. Lv, D; Wang, X; Yong, L; Zhang, B; Zhang, R; Zhao, Z, 2022)	0.72

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" cow's milk could lower bioavailability of Mg and Ca."	( Bioavailability of magnesium and calcium from cow's milk and soya-bean beverage in rats. Beynen, AC; Brink, EJ; Dekker, PR; van Beresteijn, EC, 1992)	0.28
" We conclude that, given rectally, sCT is well absorbed and well tolerated and that it has a beneficial effect on calcium metabolism in moderately osteoporotic women."	( Rectal salmon calcitonin for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Christiansen, C; Dirksen, KL; Hansen, MA; Overgaard, K, 1992)	0.28
" The P absorption and absorption rate were affected significantly by the type of dietary Ca source as well as the levels of dietary Ca."	( Comparison of the effects of whey mineral complexes on bone metabolism in male growing rats. Kuwata, T; Sekiguchi, I; Tsuchita, H, 1993)	0.29
" Similarly, the use of ipriflavone is common, and calcium supplementation, especially with an active absorbable algae calcium with high bioavailability (AAACa), is effective and popular."	( Clinical guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis in Japan. Fujita, T, 1996)	0.29
"The bioavailability of silicon in stabilized orthosilicic acid was investigated in a double blind, placebo controlled supplementation study of calves maintained on a normal diet."	( Supplementation of calves with stabilized orthosilicic acid. Effect on the Si, Ca, Mg, and P concentrations in serum and the collagen concentration in skin and cartilage. Calomme, MR; Vanden Berghe, DA, 1997)	0.3
" These four amino acids were chosen because they have already been used as markers of CH absorption rate and bioavailability."	( Consumption of a functional fermented milk containing collagen hydrolysate improves the concentration of collagen-specific amino acids in plasma. Chiotelli, E; Lassel, T; Mwewa, S; Noirt, F; Walrand, S, 2008)	0.35
" Providing additional PRO in the diet to enhance PRO bioavailability for collagen biosynthesis does not result in increased collagen accumulation."	( Proline precursors to sustain Mammalian collagen synthesis. Barbul, A, 2008)	0.35
" However, there are few reports on its bioavailability and bioavailable forms."	( Determination of bioavailability and identification of collagen peptide in blood after oral ingestion of gelatin. He, S; He, Y; Liang, Q; Ma, H; Wang, L; Wang, Q; Wang, Z; Xu, J, 2015)	0.42
"The relative and absolute bioavailability of gelatin were 74."	( Determination of bioavailability and identification of collagen peptide in blood after oral ingestion of gelatin. He, S; He, Y; Liang, Q; Ma, H; Wang, L; Wang, Q; Wang, Z; Xu, J, 2015)	0.42
"E4 peptide shows oral bioavailability and exerts anti-fibrotic activity in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model."	( An endostatin-derived peptide orally exerts anti-fibrotic activity in a murine pulmonary fibrosis model. Feghali-Bostwick, C; Mlakar, L; Nishimoto, T; Takihara, T, 2015)	0.42
" Reduced tissue VEGF bioavailability has previously been demonstrated with this model."	( Sequestration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Induces Late Restrictive Lung Disease. Driscoll, B; Grikscheit, TC; Hiatt, MJ; Hou, X; Lee, J; Levin, DE; Lundin, A; Mojica, SG; Navarro, S; Reddy, R; Spurrier, RG; Wieck, MM, 2016)	0.43
" Because HFM is deficient in most AAs, future research efforts should be directed at improving the bioavailability of its AAs and the balance of AAs in HFM-supplemented diets."	( Roles of dietary glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline in collagen synthesis and animal growth. Li, P; Wu, G, 2018)	0.75
" The high productivity and oral bioavailability of the collagen-specific cyclic dipeptides suggest significant health benefits of the heat-treated ginger-degraded collagen hydrolysate."	( Identification of Collagen-Derived Hydroxyproline (Hyp)-Containing Cyclic Dipeptides with High Oral Bioavailability: Efficient Formation of Cyclo(X-Hyp) from X-Hyp-Gly-Type Tripeptides by Heating. Hattori, S; Kusubata, M; Ogawa-Goto, K; Taga, Y, 2017)	0.73
" Collectively, exercise restored bioavailability of hydrogen sulfide in the heart of aged rats, which partly explained the benefits of exercise against myocardial fibrosis of aged population."	( Chronic aerobic exercise training alleviates myocardial fibrosis in aged rats through restoring bioavailability of hydrogen sulfide. Liu, HM; Liu, JD; Ma, N; Wang, XZ; Xia, T, 2018)	0.48

Dosage Studied

hydroxyproline output (relative to creatinine) was lower for all dilutions of smoke and showed a negative dose-response relationship. Clinical chemistry and histopathology indicated male rats were slightly more affected than female rats following dosing with 120 and 180 ppm formulations. We propose as a working hypothesis a classification of responses taking into account the criteria.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"An experimental model of pulmonary fibrosis has been developed by dosing rats with one-fifth the LD50 dose of the herbicide paraquat on 5 consecutive days."	( Changes in transglutaminase activity in an experimental model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat. Griffin, M; Smith, LL; Wynne, J, 1979)	0.26
"The effects of three different dosage schedules on both therapeutic effect and pulmonary toxicity of bleomycin were studied in mice."	( Improved therapeutic index of bleomycin when administered by continuous infusion in mice. Collins, JM; Gram, TE; Mimnaugh, EG; Sikic, BI, 1978)	0.26
" The effects on the amino acids are not due to a change in the food intake caused by dosing with arsenate."	( The effects of sodium arsenate on the free amino acid levels in erythrocytes and plasma in rats. Kilroe-Smith, TA; McLoughlin, JL, 1979)	0.26
"Eight selected patients with active acromegaly and elevated GH levels without other endocrine disturbances were submitted to long-term treatment and acute dose-response trials with bromocriptine."	( Bromocriptine treatment in acromegaly: clinical and biochemical effects. Bohmer, T; Halse, J; Haugen, HN, 1977)	0.26
" It is likely that a higher dosage would be more effective, but would cause the potential endometrial effects."	( Bone loss during oestriol therapy in postmenopausal women. Clark, AC; Garwood, J; Hart, DM; Kraszewski, A; Lindsay, R; Maclean, A, 1979)	0.26
" The remaining five dogs were sacrificed seven days after operation, and the specimen was studied by hydroxyproline dosage and by microscopy."	( Comparative results of three different techniques for colonic anastomosis in the dog. Cavallaro, A; Schillaci, A; Stipa, S, 1979)	0.48
"The percentage of bladder collagen, as obtained by the dosage of hydroxyproline, was determined in autopsy specimens from 48 female and 107 male cadavers."	( Collagen in 155 human bladders. Black, R; Lamy, F; Madernas, P; Servot-Viguier, D; Susset, JG, 1978)	0.5
"Swiss male albino mice were treated subcutaneously with the main cannabinoids (CBN, CBD, delta9-THC) at the dosage of 1 mg/kg per day for 30 days, and with the crude resin."	( Muscular dystrophy in mice after chronic subcutaneous treatment with cannabinoids. Chiarotti, M; Fiori, A; Gentile, V; Giusti, GV; Passatore, M, )	0.13
" There was no dose-response relationship between the dose of APD given and the percentage reduction in ALP and HYPRO at 6 months."	( Bisphosphonate space measurement in Paget's disease of bone treated with APD. Evans, AJ; Hosking, DJ; Marshall, DH; Perkins, AC; Stone, MD; Wastie, ML, 1992)	0.28
" The earliest morphologic and biochemical changes induced in articular-epiphyseal cartilage complexes by difloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, were investigated in 27 3-month-old Beagle dogs that were dosed orally with the drug at 300 mg/kg body weight per day."	( Morphologic and biochemical changes in articular cartilages of immature beagle dogs dosed with difloxacin. Burkhardt, JE; Carlton, WW; Hill, MA, 1992)	0.28
" The rats were treated using a therapeutic dosage or a dosage that was five times the therapeutic level."	( The effects of anabolic steroids on collagen synthesis in rat skeletal muscle and tendon. A preliminary report. Karpakka, JA; Pesola, MK; Takala, TE, )	0.13
"To assess the optimal dosage of oral tiludronate in Paget's disease of bone."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of oral tiludronate in Paget's disease of bone. A double-blind, multiple-dosage, placebo-controlled study. Colson, F; Combe, B; Ethgen, D; Geusens, P; Morlock, G; Reginster, JY, 1992)	0.28
"Statistical analysis revealed that beginning at a dosage of 200 mg/day, there was a direct dose-dependent effect on the reduction of SAP and OH/Cr levels."	( Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of oral tiludronate in Paget's disease of bone. A double-blind, multiple-dosage, placebo-controlled study. Colson, F; Combe, B; Ethgen, D; Geusens, P; Morlock, G; Reginster, JY, 1992)	0.28
" Four of the six patients in group 1A achieved normal ALP, whereas ALP remained at an increased level in all of the 10 patients in group 2 whose pretreatment ALP was greater than 1000 U/l, suggesting that a dose-response effect exists."	( Clinical experience with pamidronate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Boyce, BF; Boyle, IT; Gallacher, SJ; Jenkins, A; Patel, U; Ralston, SH, 1991)	0.28
" In conclusion, AG at moderate dosage does not seem to influence the formation of lysyl oxidase dependent reducible cross-links of collagen."	( The influence of aminoguanidine on borohydride reducible collagen cross-links and wound strength. Andreassen, TT; Jørgensen, PH; Oxlund, H; Seyer-Hansen, M, 1991)	0.28
" Mature ewes were treated during the preovulatory period with a systemic dosage of indomethacin that either consistently did (500 mg) or did not (100 mg) prevent follicular rupture."	( Dose-dependent effects of indomethacin on ovulation in the sheep: relationship to follicular prostaglandin production, steroidogenesis, collagenolysis, and leukocyte chemotaxis. McCormick, RJ; Murdoch, WJ, 1991)	0.28
" The knowledge derived from this study could be adapted to the dosage schedule in long-term trials in osteoporosis."	( Synthetic human calcitonin in postmenopausal osteoporosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Gärdsell, P; Johnell, O; Larsson, K; Lindh, E; Ljunghall, S; Obrant, K; Sernbo, I, 1991)	0.28
" True absorption was calculated after dosing cows intravenously with 45Ca and 32P to measure endogenous fecal losses."	( True absorption of calcium and phosphorus from alfalfa and corn silage when fed to lactating cows. Belo, AT; Belyea, RL; Goff, JP; Martz, FA; Weiss, MF, 1990)	0.28
"The dependence of excretion of oxyproline in urine on dosage and damaged area was estimated after local exposure of rat skin to low-energy X-radiation."	( [The effect of local x-irradiation on the excretion of oxyproline]. Basalaeva, LN; Sogomonian, LM, )	0.13
" Dose-response curves to prostaglandin F2 alpha, (PGF2 alpha), angiotensin II (ANG II), and norepinephrine (NE) and responses to a depolarizing concentration of KCl were obtained on rings of pulmonary artery from normal rats, chronically hypoxic (10% O2 for 10 days) rats, and chronically hypoxic rats treated with cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline (cHyp), an agent that blocks collagen accumulation."	( Vascular collagen affects reactivity of hypertensive pulmonary arteries of the rat. Edelman, NH; Poiani, GJ; Riley, DJ; Tozzi, CA, 1989)	0.28
" We propose as a working hypothesis a classification of responses taking into account the criteria: the urinary hydroxyproline to urinary creatinine ratio, the serum dosage of bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase and propeptide of type III procollagen (P III NP), and as an essential element, an analysis of all available imaging techniques."	( [Response of bone metastases to medical treatment: definition of evaluation criteria and classification trials]. Belpomme, D; Bock, P; Cappelaere, P; Droz, JP; Marie, FN; Namer, M; Pecking, A; Rouesse, J; Tan, TN; Vanel, D, 1989)	0.49
" Repeated dosing provided for more efficient use of the injected vitamin D3."	( Effect of parenteral vitamin D3 on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration in sheep. Smith, BS; Wright, H, 1985)	0.27
"8 times the normal level by the fourth day after the dosing but normalized within 14 days."	( Collagen accumulation can continue with decreased prolyl hydroxylase activity in the liver. Fujiwara, K; Ogata, I, 1985)	0.27
"We conducted a dose-response study in 23 postmenopausal women to compare the physiologic effects of transdermal estradiol and oral conjugated equine estrogens."	( Biologic effects of transdermal estradiol. Alkjaersig, NK; Chetkowski, RJ; Eggena, P; Fletcher, AP; Hershman, JM; Judd, HL; Lu, JK; Meldrum, DR; Randle, D; Steingold, KA, 1986)	0.27
" Dose-response studies established that optimal protection was achieved by the twice daily administration of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 at 100 micrograms per kg (subcutaneous) or 250 micrograms per kg (oral)."	( 16,16-Dimethyl prostaglandin E2 delays collagen formation in nutritional injury in rat liver. Appelman, HD; Henley, KS; Peters, KM; Rush, BD; Ruwart, MJ; Snyder, KF, )	0.13
" Dose-response curves for BF could only be made at 76 wk post-irradiation."	( Late functional, biochemical and histological changes in the rat lung after fractionated irradiation to the whole thorax. Durham, SK; Tan, CH; van Rongen, E, 1987)	0.27
" It is concluded that PIP activity dosage in serum may provide with urinary hydroxyproline, further information for the study of collagen metabolism in osteoblastic bone diseases during treatment."	( [Determination of serum proline iminopeptidase activity using a fluorescent substrate in patients with Paget's disease and prostatic bone metastases. Preliminary results]. Bouvier, M; Colson, F; Mathieu, M; Tebib, J; Vianey-Liaud, C, 1986)	0.5
" Lung fibrosis, as assessed by collagen content and electron microscopy, showed similar dose-response effects."	( Unilateral paraquat-induced lung fibrosis: evolution of changes in lung fibronectin and collagen after graded degrees of lung injury. Dubaybo, BA; Durr, RA; Thet, LA, 1987)	0.27
" Renal function was most severely affected in cows treated with 24,24-F2-dihydroxycholecalciferol and was evident even at the 100-micrograms dosage level."	( Bone resorption, renal function and mineral status in cows treated with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and its 24-fluoro analogues. Boris, A; Goff, JP; Horst, RL; Littledike, ET; Uskokovic, MR, 1986)	0.27
"The deleterious effects of corticosteroids (CS) on bone are well known, but probably differ depending on duration and dosage of CS therapy."	( Bone metabolism during methylprednisolone pulse therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Bijlsma, JW; Duursma, SA; Huber-Bruning, O, 1986)	0.27
" Compared to the control (untreated) group of animals, the 24-hour hydroxyproline output (relative to creatinine) was lower for all dilutions of smoke and showed a negative dose-response relationship."	( Preliminary studies of urinary hydroxyproline levels in rodents and in smokers. Read, GA; Thornton, RE, 1985)	0.79
"13 patients with polyosseous Paget's disease were treated for a mean period of 7 months with disodium etidronate (EHDP, ethylidene-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate); the average daily dosage was 5 mg/kg body weight."	( [EHDP (ethylidene-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate) in the treatment of polyosseous Paget disease]. Frühwald, F; Kolbe, H; Kovarik, J; Niebauer, B; Woloszczuk, W, 1985)	0.27
" Both drugs caused dose-related increases in the whole-lung hydroxyproline content in mice, but the dose-response curves were not parallel."	( Tallysomycin S10b: experimental antitumor activity and toxicity. Bradner, WT; Florczyk, AP; Hirth, RS; Huftalen, JB; Rose, WC; Schlein, A; Schurig, JE, 1984)	0.51
" The inefficiency of BAPN in these experiments might have been due to either inadequate dosage or wrong timing, or both."	( Improvement of gliding function of flexor tendons by topically applied enriched collagen solution. Porat, S; Rousso, M; Shoshan, S, 1980)	0.26
"Paget's disease of bone in 51 patients was treated with ethane-1, hydroxy-1,1 diphosphonate (EHDP) for six months at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day."	( Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with ethane-1, hydroxy-1,1 diphosphonate (EHDP) at a low dosage (5 mg/kg/day). Alexandre, CM; Chapuy, MC; Edouard, C; Johnston, CC; Meunier, PJ; Vignon, E, 1983)	0.27
" The most sensitive marker was vaginal cytology, with the E2 dosage reverting the maturation index to premenopausal values."	( Estrogen replacement therapy by transdermal estradiol administration. DeFazio, JL; Eggena, P; Hershman, JM; Judd, HL; Laufer, LR; Lu, JK; Meldrum, DR; Sambhi, MP, 1983)	0.27
" Toxic symptoms occurred in all seven patients when AOAA dosage was increased beyond 2 mg per kilogram per day, and included drowsiness, ataxia, seizures, and psychotic behavior."	( Failure of aminooxyacetic acid therapy in Huntington disease. Allan, BM; Baird, PA; Hansen, S; MacLeod, PM; Perry, TL; Wright, JM, 1980)	0.26
" Dose-response curves have been constructed to determine the sensitivity and precision of the assays and to study the influence of dose fractionation on a variety of radiation responses of the kidney."	( Increased collagen and fluid content of mouse kidneys at 9 months after single or fractionated X irradiation. Denekamp, J; Fowler, JF; Meistrich, ML; Soranson, J; Williams, MV, 1984)	0.27
" The medication is generally well tolerated and at the recommended dosage there is no evidence of increased fracture rate."	( Use of etidronate (EHDP) in Paget's disease of bone. Johnston, CC; Khairi, MR; Meunier, PJ, 1980)	0.26
"Six patients with Paget disease of bone were treated with a 6-mo course of disodium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphate (EHDP) at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day (one patient) or 20 mg/kg/day (five patients)."	( An apparent 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-independent stimulation of intestinal calcium absorption in patients with Paget disease of bone during a short-term diphosphonate therapy. Norman, DA; Pak, CY; Zerwekh, JE, 1981)	0.26
" Administration of exogenous T3 followed by sequential testing with boluses of TRH revealed retention of TSH responsiveness in both daughter and mother during pretreatment with dosage regimens of T3 below 125 micrograms daily."	( Familial insensitivity of the pituitary and periphery to thyroid hormone: a case report in two generations and a review of the literature. Alexander, N; Island, DP; Linde, R; Rabin, D, 1982)	0.26
" Without collagen no significant growth occurred, whereas a dose-response curve expressing maximal cell growth against collagen concentration could be constructed quite readily by the use of appropriate hydrogels."	( Use of collagen-hydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogels for cell growth. Beldekas, J; Civerchia-Perez, L; Faris, B; Franzblau, C; LaPointe, G; Leibowitz, H, 1980)	0.26
" At the dosage used (2."	( Prospective double-blind trial of synthetic steroid (Org OD 14) for preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. Hart, DM; Kraszewski, A; Lindsay, R, 1980)	0.26
" It was concluded that dosing sheep with corticosteroids for the purpose of defleecing could cause abnormal collagen metabolism."	( Effect of dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide on urinary hydroxyproline to creatinine ratios in sheep. Gordon, AJ, 1982)	0.51
" The dosage of the antibiotic was adjusted to obtain plasma concentrations comparable with human therapeutic levels."	( Effects of oxytetracycline on mineralization of bone in young rats. Engesaeter, LB; Langeland, N; Underdal, T, 1980)	0.26
"To compare the efficacy and safety of tiludronate and etidronate at the same dosage (400 mg/day) for the treatment of active Paget's disease of bone."	( Comparative prospective, double-blind, multicenter study of the efficacy of tiludronate and etidronate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Devogelaer, JP; Dougados, M; Farrerons, J; Gennari, C; Kruse, HP; Mulder, H; Picot, C; Reginster, JY; Roux, C; Titeux, L, 1995)	0.29
"Tiludronate at 400 mg/day for 3 months or 6 months is more effective than the same dosage of etidronate for 6 months in the treatment of Paget's disease."	( Comparative prospective, double-blind, multicenter study of the efficacy of tiludronate and etidronate in the treatment of Paget's disease of bone. Devogelaer, JP; Dougados, M; Farrerons, J; Gennari, C; Kruse, HP; Mulder, H; Picot, C; Reginster, JY; Roux, C; Titeux, L, 1995)	0.29
" Even though the low dosage of ethinyl estradiol (20 mcg) may have contributed to the prevention of bone mass loss, it could not achieve the peak bone mass."	( Bone mass and long-term monophasic oral contraceptive treatment in young women. Filippa, N; Gallina, D; Nappi, RE; Perotti, F; Polatti, F, 1995)	0.29
" These data demonstrate that GH, at the dosage that we used, activates bone turnover during 24 months of therapy in adults with panhypopituitarism, even if a downward trend for osteocalcin became apparent at 24 months."	( Bone turnover and bone mineral density in young adult patients with panhypopituitarism before and after long-term growth hormone therapy. Armenise, P; Balducci, R; Boscherini, B; Mangiantini, A; Municchi, G; Pasquino, AM; Prossomariti, G; Terracina, S; Toscano, V, 1995)	0.29
"We have previously shown that rats dosed intratracheally with indium trichloride (InCl3) develop severe lung damage and fibrosis."	( Pulmonary response of Fischer 344 rats to acute nose-only inhalation of indium trichloride. Blazka, ME; Dixon, D; Luster, MI; O'Connor, RW; Tepper, JS; Winsett, DW, 1994)	0.29
" N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (beta-NAG) activity showed a similar change in the high dosage group."	( [Effects of nifedipine on hepatic hyaluronic acid, hydroxyproline and glucosaminidase contents in rats with liver fibrosis]. Che, J; Li, D; Lu, H, 1994)	0.54
" Accordingly, definite dose-response studies can now be done in a reasonable time."	( Biochemical markers of bone turnover for the clinical assessment of bone metabolism. Baylink, DJ; Libanati, C; Lueken, SA; Taylor, AK, 1994)	0.29
" Ten db/db mice were given, for 3 months, a solution containing a daily dosage of creatine of 50 mg/kg body weight."	( Creatine reduces collagen accumulation in the kidneys of diabetic db/db mice. Adamiker, D; Aufricht, C; Fang-Kircher, S; Gialamas, H; Herkner, K; Hoeger, H; Lubec, B; Lubec, G, 1994)	0.29
" We have evaluated the effectiveness of three dosage regimes of aminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate (pamidronate) in 15 patients with extensive Paget's disease who had become refractory to conventional therapy."	( Pamidronate is effective for Paget's disease of bone refractory to conventional therapy. Gunasekera, RD; Wimalawansa, SJ, 1993)	0.29
" Lung Hyp concentrations in the PQ dosed dogs were significantly increased."	( Effect of dehydroproline as a collagen synthetic inhibitor in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in beagle dogs. Akahori, F; Masaoka, T; Nagata, T; Okinaka, T, 1993)	0.29
" Statistical analysis examined the percent changes from baseline in bone mineral density by using an analysis of covariance with treatment as a factor and the baseline value as a covariant, by performing all-pairwise comparisons among the three estradiol groups, and by testing for a linear dose-response relationship."	( Preventive effects of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol on osteoporotic changes after surgical menopause: a two-year placebo-controlled trial. Field, CS; Herrmann, RR; Judd, HL; Ory, SJ; Riggs, BL; Wahner, HW, 1993)	0.29
"After 2 years of therapy, a significant dose-response relationship was detected."	( Preventive effects of transdermal 17 beta-estradiol on osteoporotic changes after surgical menopause: a two-year placebo-controlled trial. Field, CS; Herrmann, RR; Judd, HL; Ory, SJ; Riggs, BL; Wahner, HW, 1993)	0.29
" Fifty per cent of patients treated by a dose of 1200 mg/day reported gastrointestinal disturbances, however, making this dosage unsuitable for clinical practice."	( Paget's disease of bone treated with a five day course of oral tiludronate. Deroisy, R; Ethgen, D; Franchimont, P; Lecart, MP; Reginster, JY; Zegels, B, 1993)	0.29
"Carbocalcitonin spray administered for 12 months at a daily dosage of 80 U MRC according to five schedules has been tested on 150 normal spontaneous postmenopausal women for its influence on bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolism and osteoarticular pain."	( Effects of cyclic therapy with intranasal carbocalcitonin in healthy spontaneous postmenopausal women. Abbruzzese, AD; Bottiglioni, F; Campobasso, C; De Aloysio, D; Mauloni, M; Pansini, F; Zanotti, L, 1996)	0.29
"An intravenous dosage schedule using pamidronate disodium, based on biochemical severity, was used to treat 71 patients with Paget's disease who had no previous bisphosphonate treatment."	( Clinical, biochemical, hematologic, and radiographic responses in Paget's disease following intravenous pamidronate disodium: a 2-year study. Bhagat, CI; Gutteridge, DH; Kent, GN; Nicholson, GC; Price, RI; Prince, RL; Retallack, RW; Stewart, GO; Stuckey, BG; Thompson, RI; Ward, LC, 1996)	0.29
" Fluticasone propionate at a dosage of 400 microg x day(-1) from the Diskhaler provided a more rapid and greater improvement in lung function in children with mild-to-moderate asthma than BUD 400 microg day(-1) from the Turbuhaler."	( Fluticasone propionate compared with budesonide: a double-blind trial in asthmatic children using powder devices at a dosage of 400 microg x day(-1). Efthimiou, J; Hedlin, G; Hoekx, JC; Hollingworth, K; Pedersen, W; Sorva, R, 1996)	0.29
" To test this theory we examined the antiproteolytic activity of A1AT exposed to quartz in vitro and found that it was decreased in a dose-response fashion."	( Mechanisms of mineral dust-induced emphysema. Churg, A; Li, K; Zay, K, 1997)	0.3
" As the irradiation dosage was increased from 15 to 30 Gy, the type I collagen gene content increased significantly, while type III significantly decreased."	( Kinetic alterations of angiotensin-II and nitric oxide in radiation pulmonary fibrosis. Cui, X; Shi, Z; Song, L; Wang, D; Yang, H, 1998)	0.3
" The animals were dosed upto the time eschar separated and no raw wound was left."	( Influence of naproxen on the healing of open excision wound in rats. Jamil, K; Margaret, I, 1997)	0.3
" The modes of prevention might be found in the use of modern pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis and from correctly dosage physical training."	( Bone mineral status after pediatric spinal cord injury. Alaranta, H; Kannisto, M; Kärkkäinen, J; Kröger, H; Merikanto, J, 1998)	0.3
" CD/VAF rats were intratracheally dosed with silica (highly fibrogenic), Fe2O3 (non-fibrogenic), and saline (vehicle control) at a high dose of 10-mg/100 g body weight."	( Application of laser scanning confocal microscopy in the analysis of particle-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Antonini, JM; Blake, TL; Charron, TG; Lai, J; Roberts, JR; Rogers, RA, 1999)	0.3
" This study investigated whether irradiation of small lung volumes with high fibrogenic doses affects the dose-response relationship for development of fibrosis in distant parts of the ipsilateral lung of mini-pigs."	( Lack of effect of small high-dose volumes on the dose-response relationship for the development of fibrosis in distant parts of the ipsilateral lung in mini-pigs. Appold, S; Baumann, M; Geyer, P; Herrmann, T; Knorr, A; Voigtmann, L, 2000)	0.31
"A dose-response relationship for the HP-ratio was obtained in the different lung sites and irradiation groups."	( Lack of effect of small high-dose volumes on the dose-response relationship for the development of fibrosis in distant parts of the ipsilateral lung in mini-pigs. Appold, S; Baumann, M; Geyer, P; Herrmann, T; Knorr, A; Voigtmann, L, 2000)	0.31
"The results of the study indicate that the irradiation of a small lung volume with high fibrogenic doses does not affect the dose-response relationship for development of fibrosis in distant parts of the ipsilateral lung."	( Lack of effect of small high-dose volumes on the dose-response relationship for the development of fibrosis in distant parts of the ipsilateral lung in mini-pigs. Appold, S; Baumann, M; Geyer, P; Herrmann, T; Knorr, A; Voigtmann, L, 2000)	0.31
" Batimastat (30 mg/kg) or vehicle alone was administered by intraperitoneal injection 24 h and 1 h before saline or bleomycin instillation, and then daily at the same dosage until the end of the study."	( Inhibition of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat. Boichot, E; Caulet-Maugendre, S; Corbel, M; Germain, N; Lagente, V; Molet, S, 2001)	0.31
" Expression of myogenin in EDHB-treated mouse embryos, examined by whole-mount in situ hybridization, was suppressed at higher dosage levels."	( The effects of collagen synthesis inhibitory drugs on somitogenesis and myogenin expression in cultured chick and mouse embryos. Chernoff, EA; Clarke, DO; Hungate-Muegge, LP; Smith, RC; Wallace-Evers, JL, 2001)	0.31
" Male F344 rats were intratracheally dosed with AD (6."	( Quantitative image analysis of drug-induced lung fibrosis using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Antonini, JM; Hubbs, AF; Reasor, MJ; Roberts, JR; Taylor, MD, 2002)	0.31
" Successful dosing was confirmed by measuring splenic weight."	( The rapamycin analogue SDZ RAD attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Chambers, RC; Egan, JJ; Goldsack, NR; Hasleton, PS; Howell, DC; Laurent, GJ; Marshall, RP; Simler, NR, 2002)	0.31
"Male Wistar rats that underwent biliary obstruction were treated 2 weeks before the surgery with a dose of 50 x 10(3) IU retinyl-palmitate, twice a week, and then given the dosage for 5 weeks following surgery."	( Retinyl-palmitate reduces liver fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction in rats. Bustorff-Silva, JM; Castro e Silva Junior, O; de Freitas Junior, S; Jorge, Gde L; Leonardi, LS, )	0.13
" Nevertheless, half-life of melatonin is short and further studies are required, to investigate longer duration or higher dosage of administration which may be beneficial for cutaneous wound healing."	( The effect of thermal injury and melatonin on incisional wound healing. Ağalar, C; Ağalar, F; Altuntaş, I; Başak, PY; Eroğlu, E; Gültekin, F, 2003)	0.32
" Forty New Zealand rabbits and 48 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned randomly to one of the five groups: sham adhesion, adhesion with saline, adhesion with low dosage of the CT, adhesion with middle dosage of the CT and adhesion with high dosage of the CT."	( Chinese medicine compound Changtong oral liquid on postoperative intestinal adhesions. Hou, LB; Shi, HP; Yang, XX, 2005)	0.33
" Oral sucralfate treatment was given to group C at a dosage of 50 mg/100 g twice daily."	( The effectiveness of sucralfate against stricture formation in experimental corrosive esophageal burns. Karaca, I; Karkiner, A; Ortaç, R; Ozdamar, A; Temir, ZG, 2005)	0.33
"To investigate the optimal dosage of pirfenidone for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in Wistar rats, and the alteration of expressions of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in lung tissue."	( Low dose pirfenidone suppresses transforming growth factor beta-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and protects rats from lung fibrosis induced by bleomycina. Gu, L; Guo, ZJ; Tian, XL; Yao, W; Zhu, YJ, 2006)	0.33
"Low dose pirfenidone, especially at dosage of 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), has significant anti-fibrotic effects on bleomycin-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis."	( Low dose pirfenidone suppresses transforming growth factor beta-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and protects rats from lung fibrosis induced by bleomycina. Gu, L; Guo, ZJ; Tian, XL; Yao, W; Zhu, YJ, 2006)	0.33
" 4 g x kg(-1) , two dosage groups) and Colchicine (0."	( [Effect of Fuzheng Jiangan formula on liver fibrosis induced by albumin in rats]. Chen, YL; Cui, N; Huang, XA; Ren, Y; Song, CS; Sun, LH; Xu, HY, 2006)	0.33
" After the 2-week CCl4 injection period, rats in the three siRNA groups simultaneously received a different dosage (0."	( Modified synthetic siRNA targeting tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 inhibits hepatic fibrogenesis in rats. Hu, YB; Li, DG; Lu, HM, 2007)	0.34
" Although a daily dosage of isoflavone was not sufficient to prevent tissue fibrosis under marked oxidative stress in the early stage of diabetes, isoflavones might promise significant clinical benefits by reducing oxidative stress in the heart during aging."	( Inhibitory effects of soy isoflavones on cardiovascular collagen accumulation in rats. Ebihara, K; Kishida, T; Miyatake, A; Mizushige, K; Mizushige, T, 2007)	0.34
" When searching for markers of bone remodeling, biochemists have focused mainly on skeletal molecules that can be dosed in plasma and/or urine, as indicators of osteoblast function (i."	( Role of biochemical markers of bone remodeling in clinical practice. Camozzi, V; Francucci, CM; Moro, L; Pagani, F; Simoni, E; Tossi, A, 2007)	0.34
"To study the effect of protein malnutrition on the intestinal wall of rats by evaluating alterations in the rupture force and dosing tissue collagen in the ileum and distal colon."	( Alterations in the intestinal wall due to protein malnutrition in rats: evaluation of the rupture strength and the tissue's collagen. Curi, PR; Kobayasi, S; Leite, CV; Montovani, JC; Nakajima, V; Naresse, LE, )	0.13
" Chemotherapy was administered via the penil vein, using the same dosing scheme and duration as the second group."	( Effect of early preoperative 5-fluorouracil on the integrity of colonic anastomoses in rats. Berber, I; Kara, M; Koyuturk, M; Krand, O; Ozel, L; Ozel, MS; Ozkan, KS; Tellioglu, G; Toros, AB, 2009)	0.35
" In addition to untreated controls, other animals received rtPA in 1 of 3 dosing schemes, starting immediately after operation or 24 hour afterwards."	( Tissue-type plasminogen activator prevents abscess formation but does not affect healing of bowel anastomoses and laparotomy wounds in rats with secondary peritonitis. Bleichrodt, RP; Buyne, OR; De Man, BM; Hendriks, T; Lomme, RM; van Goor, H; Verweij, PE, 2009)	0.35
"Rat models of experimental hepatic fibrosis were established by injection with CCl(4); the treated rats received emodin via oral administration at a dosage of 20 mg/kg twice a week at the same time."	( Emodin protects rat liver from CCl(4)-induced fibrogenesis via inhibition of hepatic stellate cells activation. Dong, MX; Geng, YT; Jia, Y; Li, CC; Li, XY; Liu, JC; Niu, YC; Zhang, YB; Zhou, L, 2009)	0.35
"Leonurus at a dosage of 16 g/kg may improve the systolic function; Leonurus at a dosage of 8 g/kg may improve the diastolic function, down-regulate the expression of collagen and normalize the ratio of I/III collagen."	( [Protective effects of Leonurus japonicas on myocardial remodeling induced by isoproterenol in rats]. Gu, YP; Guo, W; Liu, Y; Lv, R; Wei, HC; Yuan, BP; Zhang, C, 2011)	0.37
"Twenty-four Japan white rabbits were divided into control group, model group (37 mg/kg paraquat intraperitoneally once), UTI low dosage group and high dosage group [25 kU×kg(-1)×d(-1) and 50 kU×kg(-1)×d(-1) UTI was intravenously injected respectively for 9 days beginning from 1 week before poisoning] through random number table."	( [Effects of ulinastatin on myocardial injury induced by acute paraquat poisoning]. Di, M; Gao, YX; Lan, C; Li, L; Sun, CH; Zhang, R, 2012)	0.38
" Clinical chemistry and histopathology indicated male rats were slightly more affected than female rats following dosing with the 120 and 180 ppm formulations; hydroxyproline excretion also supports this finding."	( Metabolomics evaluation of hydroxyproline as a potential marker of melamine and cyanuric acid nephrotoxicity in male and female Fischer F344 rats. Beger, RD; Bhattacharyya, S; Gamboa da Costa, G; Pence, LM; Schnackenberg, LK; Sun, J, 2012)	0.87
" The study showed that TJ0711 repeated dosing could reduce BP level beginning from drug administration; besides block adrenal alpha and beta receptors to play an antihypertensive role."	( [Pharmacodynamic study of racemic TJ0711 on renal hypertensive rats after long-term administration]. Chen, J; Li, G; Li, RJ; Qiu, J; Zhang, XN, 2012)	0.38
" Liver fibrosis in rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of DMN for 4 weeks at the dosage 10 mg/kg body weight, once per day for 3 consecutive days in each week."	( [Formula-syndrome correlation study of three classical anti-jaundice formulas in inhibition of liver fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine in rats]. Bian, YQ; Cao, HY; Chen, GF; Liu, C; Liu, J; Liu, P; Lu, Y; Ning, BB; Sun, MY, 2012)	0.38
" They differed markedly in study type, pharmacological agent used, dosing regimen, disease, aetiology/stage/location, concurrent off-loading regimen, outcomes and, follow-up."	( A Surgeon's guide to advances in the pharmacological management of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy. Afsie, S; Al-Nammari, SS; Timothy, T, 2013)	0.39
" Rats were given TFA for 4 weeks at the dosage of 15 and 30 mg/kg in the low- and high-TFA groups, respectively."	( Antifibrotic effect of total flavonoids of Astmgali Radix on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. Chen, GF; Cheng, Y; Mai, JY; Ping, J; Wang, MF, 2017)	0.46
" In the presence of 50 μM of RA, dose-response for CA shifted to IC50 value of 11."	( Rosmarinic acid potentiates carnosic acid induced apoptosis in lung fibroblasts. Bahri, S; Ben Ali, R; Jameleddine, S; Mc Entee, K; Mies, F; Mlika, M; Shlyonsky, V, 2017)	0.46
" Meanwhile, increased serum hydroxyproline (HOP) and decreased serum hexosamine (HOM) concentration in mice were turned to the opposite trend with increasing dosage of SPS, thus leading to a high rate of HOM/HOP."	( Beneficial contribution of a safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) polysaccharide on steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rats. Cui, D; Huang, S; Zhao, D, 2019)	0.81
" Sliding window and homozygosity analyses were conducted to fine-map regions of interest, and to identify haplotypes and gene dosage effects."	( Genome-wide association studies of 74 plasma metabolites of German shepherd dogs reveal two metabolites associated with genes encoding their enzymes. Booth, R; Cordwell, S; Crossett, B; Jara, CJ; Marin Cely, JM; Mortlock, SA; Natera, S; Roessner, U; Singh Khatkar, M; Soh, PXY; Williamson, P, 2019)	0.51

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Occurs in Manufacturing (60 Product(s))

Product Categories

Product Category	Products
Snacks, Snacks sucrés, Confiseries, Chewing-gum	1
Latte	1
Active Lifestyle & Fitness	15
Professional Supplements	5
Vitamins & Supplements	37
Beauty & Personal Care	1

Products

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
ALLMAX Nutrition IsoNatural™ Pure Whey Protein Isolate Unflavored -- 2 lbs	ALLMAX Nutrition	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, L-Cysteine, L-Glutamine, L-Glycine, L-Histidine, L-Hydroxyproline, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, L-Phenylalanine, L-Serine, L-Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Amy Myers MD Paleo Protein Mocha Latte -- 29.31 oz	Amy Myers MD	Professional Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Ancient Nutrition Multi Collagen Advanced - Lean -- 90 Capsules	Ancient Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 30 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Animal PAK - The Ultimate Training Pack -- 44 Packs	Animal	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Lipase, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Carnitine, Choline, Chromium, Coenzyme Q10, Cystine, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Inositol, Iodine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lutein, Lycopene, Lysine, Manganese, menaquinone-4, Methionine, Niacin, Ornithine, Pantothenic Acid, Phenylalanine, Phosphorus, Proline, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Riboflavin, Selenium, Serine, L-Taurine, Thiamin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, phytonadione, Vitamin K	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Capsules -- 180 Capsules	BioOptimal	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Powder -- 10.58 oz	BioOptimal	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioOptimal Collagen Powder -- 15.87 oz	BioOptimal	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
BioSchwartz Collagen Peptides Bio+ Powder Unflavored -- 16 oz	BioSchwartz	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Keto Collagen Protein Powder Chocolate - Hydrolyzed Multi Collagen Peptides + MCT Oil -- 18.17 oz	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Multi Collagen Peptides Powder - Grass-Fed Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein Unflavored -- 20 oz	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Codeage Multi Collagen Peptides Powder-Biotin 10000 mcg-Keratin-Hyaluronic Acid-Vitamin C - Hydrolyzed Collagen Protein -- 11.5 oz	Codeage	Professional Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin D3, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Proline, Vitamin B6, Serine, Tyrosine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Dr. Botanical Health Marine Collagen Type I and III -- 8 oz	Dr. Botanical Health	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ForestLeaf Advanced Collagen Peptides Grass-Fed Unflavored -- 16 oz	ForestLeaf	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
ForestLeaf Advanced Collagen Peptides Grass-Fed Unflavored -- 32 oz	ForestLeaf	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Power Energized Protein -- 1 fl oz Each / Pack of 24	Frog Fuel	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Power Protein -- 1 fl oz Each / Pack of 24	Frog Fuel	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Ultra Energized Liquid Super Fuel Shot -- 1.2 fl oz	Frog Fuel	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Caffeine, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Frog Fuel Ultra Liquid Super Fuel Shot -- 1.2 fl oz Each / Pack of 24	Frog Fuel	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Chloride, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides Plus Beauty Mushroom Vanilla -- 30 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Collagen Peptides Plus Reishi Mushroom Chocolate -- 30 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Matcha Collagen Plus Cordyceps Mushroom -- 14 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Proline, Serine, Theanine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Premium Gelatin Powder Unflavored -- 45 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Further Food Premium Marine Collagen Unflavored -- 14 Servings	Further Food	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Delicious Dream Protein Creamy French Vanilla -- 1.5 lbs	Greens First	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Proline, Serine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Greens First Delicious Dream Protein Rich Dutch Chocolate -- 1.5 lbs	Greens First	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Lysine, Proline, Serine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Havasu Nutrition Collagen Peptide + Probiotic Powder Unflavored -- 7.4 oz	Havasu Nutrition	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Kardashian Rejuvicare Liquid Collagen Formula Grape -- 16 fl oz	Kardashian	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, L-Alanine, Vitamin C, L-Aspartic Acid, citric acid, fructose, L-Glutamic Acid, L-Histidine, L-Hydroxylysine, L-Hydroxyproline, L-Isoleucine, L-Lysine, Pantothenic Acid, L-Phenylalanine, Vitamin B6, L-Serine, sodium benzoate, L-Valine, Vitamin B6	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Klean Athlete Klean Collagen+C - NSF Certified for Sport - Natural Tropical Fruit -- 20 Servings	Klean Athlete	Professional Supplements	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, beta-carotene, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
MenoLabs Goddess Glow Beauty Collagen™ -- 10 oz	MenoLabs	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Natural Factors Total Body Collagen Bioactive Peptides Unflavored -- 17 oz	Natural Factors	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Biotin, Glutamic Acid, L-Glutamine, Glycerine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Olympian Labs Beef Protein Isolate Chocolate -- 2 lbs	Olympian Labs	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, reb-A, Serine, Sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Orgain Hydrolyzed Grass-Fed 20g Collagen Peptides Powder – Type I and III Unflavored -- 1 lb	Orgain	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
SheaMoisture Cannabis Sativa Hemp Skin Rescue Face Cream Moisturizer with Seed Oil & Witch Hazel -- 2 oz	SheaMoisture	Beauty & Personal Care	allantoin, benzoic acid, cetearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, tocopherol, panthenol, triethyl citrate, ethylhexylglycerin, tocopherol, glycerin, hemp, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyproline, glyceryl caprylate, sodium hydroxide, stearyl alcohol	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Creamer Mocha -- 11.2 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	hydroxyproline, maltodextrin	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Creamer Vanilla -- 10.6 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Creamer Vanilla -- 14 Packets	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Leucine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Gummies Grape -- 120 Gummies	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, lactic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, sugar, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides - NSF Certified for Sport Chocolate -- 13.5 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides - NSF Certified for Sport Lemon -- 11 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides - NSF Certified for Sport Unflavored -- 20 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides - NSF Certified for Sport Vanilla -- 11.5 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Unflavored -- 10 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Collagen Peptides Powder - NSF Certified for Sport Unflavored -- 20 Packets	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Marine Collagen Unflavored -- 7.8 oz	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cystine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Marine Collagen Stick Pak Unflavored -- 20 Packets	Vital Proteins	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Vital Performance Protein Isolate Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified Chocolate -- 27.6 oz	Vital Proteins	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, d-glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Vital Performance Protein Isolate Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified Cold Brew Coffee -- 27.6 oz	Vital Proteins	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Caffeine, Cysteine, d-glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Vital Performance Protein Isolate Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified Strawberry -- 26.8 oz	Vital Proteins	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, d-glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vital Proteins Vital Performance Protein Isolate Powder - NSF Certified for Sport - Informed Sport Certified Vanilla -- 26.8 oz	Vital Proteins	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, d-glucose, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Collagen -- 6000 mg - 290 Tablets	Youtheory	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Vitamin C, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Youtheory Collagen Liquid Natural Berry -- 5000 mg - 12 Packets	Youtheory	Vitamins & Supplements	citric acid, Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, citric acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, malic acid, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zhou Collagen Peptides Unflavored -- 18 oz	Zhou	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Beef Gelatin Powder Grass-Fed -- 16 oz	Zint	Active Lifestyle & Fitness	Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic Acid, Cysteine, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Norvaline, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 10 oz	Zint	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 16 oz	Zint	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 2 oz	Zint	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Glycine, Hydroxyproline, Proline, Serine, Tyrosine	2024-11-29 10:47:42
Zint Collagen Peptides Powder Unflavored -- 32 oz	Zint	Vitamins & Supplements	Alanine, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glycine, Histidine, Hydroxylysine, Hydroxyproline, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Valine	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Role	Description
human metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens).
plant metabolite	Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
mouse metabolite	Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus).
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
4-hydroxyproline	A monohydroxyproline where the hydroxy group is located at the 4-position. It is found in fibrillar collagen.
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	Zwitterionic form of an L-alpha-amino acid having an anionic carboxy group and a protonated amino group.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
L-cystine transport	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transport	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamine transport	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-alanine transport	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-cystine transport	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
proline transport	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-serine transport	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
threonine transport	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
hydroxyproline transport	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
proline transmembrane transport	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
cognition	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-aspartate import across plasma membrane	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride transmembrane transport	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-serine import across plasma membrane	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-alanine import across plasma membrane	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamate transmembrane transport	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transport	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamine transport	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
glutamine secretion	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
neutral amino acid transport	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
L-serine transport	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
erythrocyte differentiation	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
symbiont entry into host cell	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
protein homotrimerization	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
L-aspartate import across plasma membrane	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamine import across plasma membrane	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transport	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
taurine transmembrane transport	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
proline transport	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
alanine transport	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid import across plasma membrane	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glycine transport	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
proline transmembrane transport	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
proton transmembrane transport	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-alanine transport	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
L-cystine transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride channel activity	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-alanine transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-cystine transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-proline transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-serine transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-threonine transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
symporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
L-hydroxyproline transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
virus receptor activity	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
L-aspartate transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
L-glutamine transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
L-serine transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
symporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated channel activity	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor activity	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
metal ion binding	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
neutral L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid:proton symporter activity	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
proline:proton symporter activity	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
taurine transmembrane transporter activity	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
amino acid transmembrane transporter activity	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
alanine transmembrane transporter activity	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-alanine transmembrane transporter activity	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
L-proline transmembrane transporter activity	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
glycine transmembrane transporter activity	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
centrosome	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
intermediate filament	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
melanosome	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
synapse	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Neutral amino acid transporter A	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
membrane	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
melanosome	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)	Homo sapiens (human)
lysosomal membrane	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
vacuolar membrane	Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

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hydroxyproline

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (127)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (60 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Roles (3)

Drug Classes (2)

Pathways (18)

Protein Targets (5)

Inhibition Measurements

Biological Processes (29)

Molecular Functions (23)

Ceullar Components (13)

Bioassays (6)

Research

Studies (10,273)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 54.89

Study Types

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
Arginine and Proline Metabolism	20	47
Prolidase Deficiency (PD)	20	47
Arginine: Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency (AGAT Deficiency)	20	47
Hyperprolinemia Type II	20	47
Hyperprolinemia Type I	20	47
Prolinemia Type II	20	47
Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency (GAMT Deficiency)	20	47
Ornithine Aminotransferase Deficiency (OAT Deficiency)	20	47
Creatine Deficiency, Guanidinoacetate Methyltransferase Deficiency	20	47
Hyperornithinemia with Gyrate Atrophy (HOGA)	20	47
Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria [HHH-syndrome]	20	47
L-Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency	20	47
The Oncogenic Action of Succinate	29	33
The Oncogenic Action of Fumarate	29	34
Arginine and Proline metabolism ( Arginine and Proline metabolism )	42	55
NADH + L-1-Pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylic acid = NAD+ + trans-4-Hydroxy-L-proline ( Arginine and Proline metabolism )	2	4
Glyoxylate metabolism	11	15
Amino acid metabolism	0	94

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1064839	Binding affinity to VHL (unknown origin) at 1 mM using 40 uM of protein by NMR-CPMG analysis	2014	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-09, Volume: 5, Issue:1	Is NMR Fragment Screening Fine-Tuned to Assess Druggability of Protein-Protein Interactions?
AID49192	Affinity of compound towards the carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase was determined by monitoring the efflux of [14C]L-carnitine from isolated rat heart mitochondria	1986	Journal of medicinal chemistry, May, Volume: 29, Issue:5	Synthesis and biological evaluation of cyclic analogues of 1-carnitine as potential agents in the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
AID607447	Inhibition of GST-tagged PHD2 assessed as inhibition of hydroxylation of biotinylated HIF1alpha CODD peptide at 100 uM after 20 mins by MALDI-TOF technique in presence of 2-oxoglutarate	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jul-15, Volume: 21, Issue:14	Inhibition of a prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) by substrate analog peptides.
AID1064840	Binding affinity to VHL (unknown origin) at 1 mM using 10 uM of protein by NMR-STD analysis	2014	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-09, Volume: 5, Issue:1	Is NMR Fragment Screening Fine-Tuned to Assess Druggability of Protein-Protein Interactions?
AID630741	Inhibition of human PAT1-mediated L-[3H]proline uptake in human Caco2 cells after 10 mins by liquid scintillation counting	2011	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-01, Volume: 19, Issue:21	Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of substrates of the human proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (hPAT1).
AID1064838	Binding affinity to VHL (unknown origin) at 3 mM using 30 uM of protein by NMR-WaterLOGSY analysis	2014	ACS medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-09, Volume: 5, Issue:1	Is NMR Fragment Screening Fine-Tuned to Assess Druggability of Protein-Protein Interactions?
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	5685 (55.34)	18.7374
1990's	1626 (15.83)	18.2507
2000's	1377 (13.40)	29.6817
2010's	1346 (13.10)	24.3611
2020's	239 (2.33)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	334 (3.05%)	5.53%
Reviews	285 (2.60%)	6.00%
Case Studies	132 (1.21%)	4.05%
Observational	2 (0.02%)	0.25%
Other	10,189 (93.12%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetylcarnitine Acetylcarnitine: An acetic acid ester of CARNITINE that facilitates movement of ACETYL COA into the matrices of mammalian MITOCHONDRIA during the oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.	7.61	2	0	O-acylcarnitine	human metabolite
alpha-hydroxyglutarate 2-hydroxyglutarate : A dicarboxylic acid anion obtained by deprotonation of at least one of the carboxy groups of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid.. 2-hydroxyglutaric acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is glutaric acid in which one hydrogen alpha- to a carboxylic acid group is substituted by a hydroxy group.	2.07	1	0	2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid	metabolite; mouse metabolite
alpha-ketoisovalerate alpha-ketoisovalerate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-oxo derivative of isovaleric acid.	3.4	1	1	2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine.	1.97	1	0	non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative	human metabolite
gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4.	4.09	4	0	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	2.36	2	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-hydroxytryptophan 5-Hydroxytryptophan: The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant.. 5-hydroxytryptophan : A tryptophan derivative that is tryptophan substituted by a hydroxy group at position 5.	2.35	2	0	hydroxytryptophan	human metabolite; neurotransmitter
ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water.	4.2	6	0	ethanediol; glycol	metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	3.96	13	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.	2.89	4	0	aldehyde	carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent
acetone methyl ketone : A ketone of formula RC(=O)CH3 (R =/= H).	3.34	7	0	ketone body; methyl ketone; propanones; volatile organic compound	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; polar aprotic solvent
adenine [no description available]	2.39	2	0	6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.	2.1	1	0	guanidines; primary amino compound	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.	6.58	16	1	azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride	EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant
beta-alanine [no description available]	5.11	3	1	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzene [no description available]	7.64	3	0	aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound	carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent
betaine glycine betaine : The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.	3.35	7	0	amino-acid betaine; glycine derivative	fundamental metabolite
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	1.94	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes.	2.35	2	0	alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	1.96	1	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	3.79	3	0	amino-acid anion
carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas.	2.96	4	0	carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound	biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent
aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.	3.34	1	1	amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid	anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent
carnitine [no description available]	5.1	10	1	amino-acid betaine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	1.96	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
choline [no description available]	10.06	10	1	cholines	allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	3.38	7	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	4.78	33	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.	9.41	22	0	chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride	mouse metabolite
octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms.	1.99	1	0	alkane	xenobiotic
phloroglucinol Phloroglucinol: A trinitrobenzene derivative with antispasmodic properties that is used primarily as a laboratory reagent.. phloroglucinol : A benzenetriol with hydroxy groups at position 1, 3 and 5.	2.55	2	0	benzenetriol; phenolic donor	algal metabolite
gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.	2.77	3	0	trihydroxybenzoic acid	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety.	5.14	10	1	gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride	Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	1.96	1	0	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position.	2.13	1	0	guaiacols	disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite
2-aminoadipic acid 2-Aminoadipic Acid: A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA).. 2-aminoadipic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is adipic acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. An intermediate in the formation of lysine.	10	3	1	amino dicarboxylic acid; dicarboxylic fatty acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; mammalian metabolite
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid consisting of cyclopropane having amino and carboxy substituents both at the 1-position.	2.02	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; monocarboxylic acid; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid	ethylene releasers; plant metabolite
aminocaproic acid Aminocaproic Acid: An antifibrinolytic agent that acts by inhibiting plasminogen activators which have fibrinolytic properties.. 6-aminohexanoic acid : An epsilon-amino acid comprising hexanoic acid carrying an amino substituent at position C-6. Used to control postoperative bleeding, and to treat overdose effects of the thrombolytic agents streptokinase and tissue plasminogen activator.	2.43	2	0	amino acid zwitterion; epsilon-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	antifibrinolytic drug; hematologic agent; metabolite
creatine [no description available]	11.25	59	4	glycine derivative; guanidines; zwitterion	geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical
cytosine [no description available]	2.36	2	0	aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Coronary Heart Disease [description not available]	5.01	16	0
Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.	5.01	16	0
Cicatrization The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.	11.43	68	0
Cicatrix The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.	6.43	68	0
Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available]	6.12	26	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	13.28	612	1
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.	11.12	26	0
Hemorrhagic Shock [description not available]	2.76	3	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	9.23	47	2
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	9.23	47	2
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic [description not available]	3.62	7	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	11.2	280	2
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	11.2	280	2
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.	3.62	7	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	6.29	37	0
Asthma, Bronchial [description not available]	7.08	31	3
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	8.01	147	0
Asthma A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).	7.08	31	3
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	4.97	15	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	8.01	147	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	4.81	7	0
Oxaluria, Primary [description not available]	4.73	10	0
Hyperoxaluria, Primary A genetic disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of OXALATES in urine; NEPHROLITHIASIS; NEPHROCALCINOSIS; early onset of RENAL FAILURE; and often a generalized deposit of CALCIUM OXALATE. There are subtypes classified by the enzyme defects in glyoxylate metabolism.	4.73	10	0
Chronic Lung Injury [description not available]	4.75	29	0
Alveolitis, Fibrosing [description not available]	13.79	540	1
Pulmonary Fibrosis A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.	13.79	540	1
Alloxan Diabetes [description not available]	11.85	102	0
Nephrolithiasis Formation of stones in the KIDNEY.	3.62	8	0
Hyperoxaluria Excretion of an excessive amount of OXALATES in the urine.	4.33	18	0
Kidney Stones [description not available]	6.59	36	0
Kidney Calculi Stones in the KIDNEY, usually formed in the urine-collecting area of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS). Their sizes vary and most contains CALCIUM OXALATE.	6.59	36	0
Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species.	2.41	1	0
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available]	2.41	1	0
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	4.28	17	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	6.21	18	2
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	6.21	18	2
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency [description not available]	3.83	2	1
Deficiency, Vitamin A [description not available]	4.85	8	1
Anemia A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.	5.86	9	1

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hydroxyproline

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