Compounds > lamivudine triphosphate
Page last updated: 2024-12-08

lamivudine triphosphate

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID454110
CHEMBL ID1230
SCHEMBL ID12595501
MeSH IDM0375237

Synonyms (25)

Synonym
3tctp
(-)-sddctp
(-)3tc-5'tp
3tc-tp
[[(2r,5s)-5-(4-amino-2-oxo-pyrimidin-1-yl)-1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate
l-sddctp
(-)-.beta.-l-2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine-5'-triphosphate
lamivudine triphosphate
bdbm50138406
[[[5-(4-amino-2-oxo-1h-pyrimidin-1-yl)-1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl]oxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl]oxyphosphonic acid
[(2r,5s)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2h)-yl)-1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl]methyl tetrahydrogen triphosphate
lamivudine 5'-triphosphate
CHEMBL1230 ,
3tc triphosphate
[[(2r,5s)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate
1rz ,
SCHEMBL12595501
143188-53-8
[[(2r,5s)-5-(4-azanyl-2-oxidanylidene-pyrimidin-1-yl)-1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidanyl-phosphoryl] phosphono hydrogen phosphate
Q27452393
unii-rm8y5kg43v
triphosphoric acid, p-(((2r,5s)-5-(4-amino-2-oxo-1(2h)-pyrimidinyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl)methyl) ester
rm8y5kg43v ,
DTXSID101343929
lamivudinetriphosphate

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In cell culture (-)3TC is less toxic than its d(+) isomer, (+)3TC, containing the natural nucleoside configuration, and both are considerably less toxic than ddC."( Insights into the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial toxicity by AIDS drugs.
Anderson, KS; Feng, JY; Johnson, AA; Johnson, KA, 2001)		0.31
" In cell culture, (-)3TC is less toxic than its D (+) isomer, (+)3TC, containing the natural nucleoside configuration, and both are considerably less toxic than 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC)."( Perspectives on the molecular mechanism of inhibition and toxicity of nucleoside analogs that target HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
Anderson, KS, 2002)		0.31

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" A pharmacodynamic model that superimposes the pharmacokinetics of anti-HIV nucleoside reverse transcription (RT) and protease inhibitors over a previously published predator-prey model of HIV and CD4 dynamics was developed to address this need."( Development of a pharmacodynamic model for HIV treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors.
Hurwitz, SJ; Schinazi, RF, 2002)		0.31
"To study the effect of mycophenolate mofetil therapy on the pharmacokinetic parameters of a number of antiretroviral drugs, on intracellular pools of deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) and deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP), and on intracellular concentrations of the triphosphate of lamivudine (3TCTP)."( Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs and on intracellular nucleoside triphosphate pools.
Back, DJ; Beijnen, JH; Crommentuyn, KM; Hoggard, PG; Huitema, AD; Kewn, S; Lange, JM; Prins, JM; Sankatsing, SU; Sparidans, RW, 2004)		0.32
"Randomised pharmacokinetic study."( Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs and on intracellular nucleoside triphosphate pools.
Back, DJ; Beijnen, JH; Crommentuyn, KM; Hoggard, PG; Huitema, AD; Kewn, S; Lange, JM; Prins, JM; Sankatsing, SU; Sparidans, RW, 2004)		0.32
" After 8 weeks of therapy, the plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of mycophenolic acid (the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil), abacavir, indinavir and nevirapine, and triphosphate concentrations (dCTP, dGTP and 3TCTP) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were determined."( Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on the pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs and on intracellular nucleoside triphosphate pools.
Back, DJ; Beijnen, JH; Crommentuyn, KM; Hoggard, PG; Huitema, AD; Kewn, S; Lange, JM; Prins, JM; Sankatsing, SU; Sparidans, RW, 2004)		0.32
" TFV-DP also had persistent intracellular levels on TDF discontinuation (median half-life of 150 hours, range: 60 to >175 hours)."( Intracellular pharmacokinetics of tenofovir diphosphate, carbovir triphosphate, and lamivudine triphosphate in patients receiving triple-nucleoside regimens.
Clark, N; Guyer, B; Hawkins, T; Kearney, BP; St Claire, RL; Veikley, W, 2005)		0.55
"The population pharmacokinetic parameters of zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC), and their active intracellular metabolites in 75 naïve HIV-infected patients receiving an oral combination of AZT and 3TC twice daily as part of their multitherapy treatment in the COPHAR2-ANRS 111 trial are described."( Joint population pharmacokinetic analysis of zidovudine, lamivudine, and their active intracellular metabolites in HIV patients.
Bazzoli, C; Bénech, H; Duval, X; Mentré, F; Retout, S; Rey, E; Salmon, D; Tréluyer, JM, 2011)		0.37
" Pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles (0 to 24 h) were assessed on days 10 and 30."( Pharmacokinetics of lamivudine and lamivudine-triphosphate after administration of 300 milligrams and 150 milligrams once daily to healthy volunteers: results of the ENCORE 2 study.
Amara, A; Back, DJ; Boffito, M; Else, LJ; Emery, S; Fahey, P; Hill, A; Jackson, A; Khoo, S; Lin, E; Puls, R; Siccardi, M; Tjia, J; Watson, V, 2012)		0.38
" Here, we use population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling-based methods to simultaneously describe parent and intracellular metabolite PK in blood, semen, and PBMCs and SMCs."( Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Lamivudine and Zidovudine Triphosphates Predicts Differential Pharmacokinetics in Seminal Mononuclear Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.
Bridges, AS; Cohen, MS; Dumond, JB; Fiscus, SA; Forrest, A; Kashuba, AD; Kendrick, R; Reddy, YS; Troiani, L; Yang, KH, 2015)		0.42

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" These mt-QSARs offer also a good opportunity to construct drug-drug Complex Networks (CNs) that can be used to explore large and complex drug-viral species databases."( Unified QSAR approach to antimicrobials. 4. Multi-target QSAR modeling and comparative multi-distance study of the giant components of antiviral drug-drug complex networks.
Chou, KC; González-Díaz, H; Martinez de la Vega, O; Prado-Prado, FJ; Ubeira, FM; Uriarte, E, 2009)		0.35

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" We found particularly a gender effect on the apparent bioavailability of AZT, as well as on the mean plasma and intracellular concentrations of AZT, which were significantly higher in females than in males."( Joint population pharmacokinetic analysis of zidovudine, lamivudine, and their active intracellular metabolites in HIV patients.
Bazzoli, C; Bénech, H; Duval, X; Mentré, F; Retout, S; Rey, E; Salmon, D; Tréluyer, JM, 2011)		0.37

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Based on these findings this pharmacodynamic model can be applied to predict starting doses for a new agent based on simulated biological responses as a function of time for dosage regimens comprising one or two agents."( Development of a pharmacodynamic model for HIV treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors.
Hurwitz, SJ; Schinazi, RF, 2002)		0.31
" Simulation with the model of plasma and intracellular concentrations for once- versus twice-daily regimens suggested that a daily dosing regimen with double doses could be appropriate."( Joint population pharmacokinetic analysis of zidovudine, lamivudine, and their active intracellular metabolites in HIV patients.
Bazzoli, C; Bénech, H; Duval, X; Mentré, F; Retout, S; Rey, E; Salmon, D; Tréluyer, JM, 2011)		0.37
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1IC50 (µMol)5.00750.00011.076810.0000AID1387652; AID296101
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1Ki0.18800.00031.552310.0000AID238445
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH Human immunodeficiency virus 1Kd6.53750.00062.40599.8000AID432585; AID432586; AID432587; AID432588; AID572771; AID618865; AID618875; AID82971
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (39)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID296102Inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase M184V mutant in PBM cells2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12
Synthesis and evaluation of 2'-substituted cyclobutyl nucleosides and nucleotides as potential anti-HIV agents.
AID432615Ratio of Kpol to Kd for wild type HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID82957Efficiency of incorporation into a DNA primer directed by a DNA template at the active site of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-19, Volume: 14, Issue:2
Effects of fluorine substitution of cytosine analogues on the binding affinity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID323398Drug level in human CEM cells per 10^6 cells at 10 uM after 4 hrs2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Antiviral and cellular metabolism interactions between Dexelvucitabine and lamivudine.
AID432587Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID618875Binding affinity to HIV1 reverse transcriptase M184V mutant assessed as L-3'-azido-NTP incorporation in nascent DNA2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID618876Ratio Kpol to Kd for wild type HIV 1 reverse transcriptase2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID432620Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M184V mutant relative to wild type2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID1387652Inhibition of full-length wild-type HIV1 reverse transcriptase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) pre-incubated for 30 mins before addition of template/primer substrate and measured after 90 mins2018Journal of medicinal chemistry, 10-25, Volume: 61, Issue:20
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogs of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Translocation Inhibitor MK-8591 (4'-Ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine).
AID572772Ratio of Kpol to Kd for HIV1 reverse transcriptase2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID618877Ratio Kpol to Kd for wild type HIV 1 reverse transcriptase M184V mutant2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID432588Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID432623Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V/G333D mutant relative to wild type2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID392509Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus2009Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Jan-15, Volume: 17, Issue:2
Unified QSAR approach to antimicrobials. 4. Multi-target QSAR modeling and comparative multi-distance study of the giant components of antiviral drug-drug complex networks.
AID572771Binding affinity to HIV1 reverse transcriptase2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID432621Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y mutant relative to wild type2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID432618Ratio of Kpol to Kd for HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID432586Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M184V mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID83086Rate of incorporation into a DNA primer directed by a DNA template at the active site of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-19, Volume: 14, Issue:2
Effects of fluorine substitution of cytosine analogues on the binding affinity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID296099Inhibition of recombinant wild type HIV reverse transcriptase2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12
Synthesis and evaluation of 2'-substituted cyclobutyl nucleosides and nucleotides as potential anti-HIV agents.
AID422881Antiviral activity against HIV1 LAI with reverse transcriptase K70E mutation relative to wild type HIV1 LAI2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Dec, Volume: 51, Issue:12
Novel drug resistance pattern associated with the mutations K70G and M184V in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase.
AID618879Selectivity ratio of Kpol to Kd for dCTP to Kpol to Kd for compound at HIV1 reverse transcriptase2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID432616Ratio of Kpol to Kd for HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M184V mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID432622Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V mutant relative to wild type2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID432617Ratio of Kpol to Kd for HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID82971Equilibrium binding constant at the active site of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase2004Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-19, Volume: 14, Issue:2
Effects of fluorine substitution of cytosine analogues on the binding affinity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID404910Inhibition of HBV DNA polymerase2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jul, Volume: 51, Issue:7
Strong and selective inhibitors of hepatitis B virus replication among novel N4-hydroxy- and 5-methyl-beta-L-deoxycytidine analogues.
AID237107Half-life determined in fetal calf serum2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-07, Volume: 48, Issue:7
Synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 5'-alpha-P-borano-beta,gamma-(difluoromethylene)triphosphates and their inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID238445Inhibitory constant against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase2005Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-07, Volume: 48, Issue:7
Synthesis of 2',3'-dideoxynucleoside 5'-alpha-P-borano-beta,gamma-(difluoromethylene)triphosphates and their inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
AID323399Drug level in human PBMC per 10^6 cells at 10 uM after 4 hrs2007Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jun, Volume: 51, Issue:6
Antiviral and cellular metabolism interactions between Dexelvucitabine and lamivudine.
AID572770Activity at HIV1 reverse transcriptase measured after 30 mins2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID432585Binding affinity to wild type HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID296100Inhibition of wild type HIV reverse transcriptase in PBM cells2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12
Synthesis and evaluation of 2'-substituted cyclobutyl nucleosides and nucleotides as potential anti-HIV agents.
AID432619Ratio of Kpol to Kd for HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V/G333D mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
AID296101Inhibition of HIV reverse transcriptase M184I mutant in PBM cells2007Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-15, Volume: 17, Issue:12
Synthesis and evaluation of 2'-substituted cyclobutyl nucleosides and nucleotides as potential anti-HIV agents.
AID618865Binding affinity to HIV1 reverse transcriptase assessed as L-3'-azido-NTP incorporation in nascent DNA2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID618934Selectivity ratio of Kpol to Kd for dCTP to Kpol to Kd for compound at HIV1 reverse transcriptase M184V mutant2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 46, Issue:9
Synthesis, antiviral activity, cytotoxicity and cellular pharmacology of l-3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID572766Selectivity, ratio of Kpol to Kd for dCTP to Kpol to Kd for compound at HIV1 reverse transcriptase2009Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Sep, Volume: 53, Issue:9
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity, cross-resistance, cytotoxicity, and intracellular pharmacology of the 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxypurine nucleosides.
AID432589Binding affinity to HIV1 LAI reverse transcriptase M41L/L210W/T215Y/M184V/G333D mutant2008Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, Jan, Volume: 52, Issue:1
Mechanisms by which the G333D mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Reverse transcriptase facilitates dual resistance to zidovudine and lamivudine.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (43)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's34 (79.07)29.6817
2010's8 (18.60)24.3611
2020's1 (2.33)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.31

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index11.31 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.87 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.18 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.31)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials4 (9.30%)5.53%
Reviews1 (2.33%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (2.33%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other37 (86.05%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
adenine
[no description available]		4.53506-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
amantadine
amant: an antiviral compound consisting of an adamantane derivative chemically linked to a water-solube polyanioic matrix; structure in first source		2.0510adamantanes;
primary aliphatic amine		analgesic;
antiparkinson drug;
antiviral drug;
dopaminergic agent;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
non-narcotic analgesic
emodin
Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs.		2.0310trihydroxyanthraquinoneantineoplastic agent;
laxative;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
foscarnet
Foscarnet: An antiviral agent used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Foscarnet also shows activity against human herpesviruses and HIV.. phosphonoformic acid : Phosphoric acid in which one of the hydroxy groups is replaced by a carboxylic acid group. It is used as the trisodium salt as an antiviral agent in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV retinitis, an inflamation of the retina that can lead to blindness) and as an alternative to ganciclovir for AIDS patients who require concurrent antiretroviral therapy but are unable to tolerate ganciclovir due to haematological toxicity.		2.0510carboxylic acid;
one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
sodium-dependent Pi-transporter inhibitor
hydroxyurea
[no description available]		210one-carbon compound;
ureas		antimetabolite;
antimitotic;
antineoplastic agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
immunomodulator;
radical scavenger;
teratogenic agent
nevirapine
Nevirapine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used in combination with nucleoside analogues for treatment of HIV INFECTIONS and AIDS.. nevirapine : A dipyridodiazepine that is 5,11-dihydro-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b:2',3'-e][1,4]diazepine which is substituted by methyl, oxo, and cyclopropyl groups at positions 4, 6, and 11, respectively. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV-1, it is used in combination with other antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0510cyclopropanes;
dipyridodiazepine		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
olomoucine
olomoucine: inhibits protein P34CDC2. olomoucine : A 9H-purine that is substituted by a (2-hydroxyethyl)nitrilo, benzylnitrilo and a methyl group at positions 2,6 and 9, respectively. It is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.		2.05102,6-diaminopurines;
ethanolamines		EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor
delavirdine
Delavirdine: A potent, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1.. delavirdine : The amide resulting from the formal condensation of 5-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid and 4-amino group of 1-[3-(isopropylamino)pyridin-2-yl]piperazine, delavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity specific for HIV-1. Viral resistance emerges rapidly when delavirdine is used alone, so it is therefore used (as the methanesulfonic acid salt) with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.0510aminopyridine;
indolecarboxamide;
N-acylpiperazine;
sulfonamide		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
thymidine
[no description available]		2.0310pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
idoxuridine
[no description available]		2.0510organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
alanine
Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2.		210alanine zwitterion;
alanine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.0310aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.0310amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.		210aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		10.63324cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
medroxyprogesterone acetate
[no description available]		8.171020-oxo steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
acetate ester;
corticosteroid;
steroid ester		adjuvant;
androgen;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
female contraceptive drug;
inhibitor;
progestin;
synthetic oral contraceptive
isoleucine
Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine.		210aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thymidine monophosphate
Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).		2.0110thymidine 5'-monophosphatefundamental metabolite
benzohydroxamic acid
[no description available]		2.0510
n-hydroxyphthalimide
N-hydroxyphthalimide: causes contact dermititis		2.0510
toyocamycin
Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.		2.0510antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
nitrile;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		3.3520pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxycytidine monophosphate
Deoxycytidine Monophosphate: Deoxycytidine (dihydrogen phosphate). A deoxycytosine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety in the 2'-,3'- or 5- positions.. 2'-deoxycytosine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having cytosine as the nucleobase.		2.01102'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate
2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		2.46202'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
stavudine
Stavudine: A dideoxynucleoside analog that inhibits reverse transcriptase and has in vitro activity against HIV.. stavudine : A nucleoside analogue obtained by formal dehydration across positions 2 and 3 of thymidine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		8.4170dihydrofuran;
nucleoside analogue;
organic molecular entity		antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
vidarabine
adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond.		210beta-D-arabinoside;
purine nucleoside		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite;
nucleoside antibiotic
acetylpyruvic acid
acetylpyruvic acid: structure. acetylpyruvic acid : A dioxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid carrying two oxo groups at positions 2 and 4.		2.0510beta-diketone;
dioxo monocarboxylic acid		bacterial metabolite
zalcitabine
Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase.		4.3760pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.0310glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		7.98192azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		2.05101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
fialuridine
[no description available]		2.0510
adefovir
adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		3.34206-aminopurines;
ether;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent
cidofovir anhydrous
Cidofovir: An acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that acts as a competitive inhibitor of viral DNA polymerases. It is used in the treatment of RETINITIS caused by CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTIONS and may also be useful for treating HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS.. cidofovir anhydrous : Cytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl group (S configuration). A nucleoside analogue, it is an injectable antiviral used for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in AIDS patients.		2.0510phosphonic acids;
pyrimidone		anti-HIV agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
photosensitizing agent
lamivudine
[no description available]		10.83394monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
oxacycle;
primary alcohol		allergen;
anti-HBV agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
zanamivir
Zanamivir: A guanido-neuraminic acid that is used to inhibit NEURAMINIDASE.		2.0510guanidinesantiviral agent;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
adefovir dipivoxil
bis(pivaloyloxymethyl)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine: structure given in first source. adefovir pivoxil : An organic phosphonate that is the dipivoxil ester of adefovir. A prodrug for adefovir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor, adefovir pivoxil is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.		2.05106-aminopurines;
carbonate ester;
ether;
organic phosphonate		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
nephrotoxic agent;
prodrug
emtricitabine
Emtricitabine: A deoxycytidine analog and REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR with antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HEPATITIS B viruses. It is used to treat HIV INFECTIONS.. emtricitabine : An organofluorine compound that is 5-fluorocytosine substituted at the 1 position by a 2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl group (2R,5S configuration). It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.		4.5350monothioacetal;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidone		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
efavirenz
efavirenz: HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor. efavirenz : 1,4-Dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one substituted at the 4 position by cyclopropylethynyl and trifluoromethyl groups (S configuration) and at the 6 position by chlorine. A non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with activity against HIV, it is used with other antiretrovirals for combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.0510acetylenic compound;
benzoxazine;
cyclopropanes;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
nelfinavir
Nelfinavir: A potent HIV protease inhibitor. It is used in combination with other antiviral drugs in the treatment of HIV in both adults and children.. nelfinavir : An aryl sulfide that is used (as its mesylate salt) for treatment of HIV and also exhibits some anticancer properties.		2.4720aryl sulfide;
benzamides;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
phenols;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
HIV protease inhibitor
thymidine 5'-triphosphate
thymidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dTTP : A thymidine phosphate having a triphosphate group at the 5'-position.		2.7330pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
thymidine phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
dexelvucitabine
dexelvucitabine: inhibits human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro		2.0310
amprenavir
[no description available]		2.0510carbamate ester;
sulfonamide;
tetrahydrofuryl ester		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
oseltamivir
Oseltamivir: An acetamido cyclohexene that is a structural homolog of SIALIC ACID and inhibits NEURAMINIDASE.. oseltamivir : A cyclohexenecarboxylate ester that is the ethyl ester of oseltamivir acid. An antiviral prodrug (it is hydrolysed to the active free carboxylic acid in the liver), it is used to slow the spread of influenza.		2.0510acetamides;
amino acid ester;
cyclohexenecarboxylate ester;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
prodrug;
xenobiotic
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate
2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd		4.66612'-deoxycytidine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2',3'-dideoxyadenosine triphosphate
[no description available]		2.4420purine deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate
stavudine triphosphate
stavudine triphosphate: shows termination substrate properties in DNA synthesis catalyzed by several different DNA polymerases; also abbreviated d4TTP		2.4420
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate: inhibits thymidylate kinase		2.4420
2-Oxo-4-phenylbutyric acid
[no description available]		2.0510benzenes
zidovudine triphosphate
[no description available]		11.88151
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate
2',3'-dideoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate: inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase & has potent DNA chain termination activity		2.0210
9-(s)-(3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl)adenine
[no description available]		2.0510
clevudine
[no description available]		2.0510
lopinavir
[no description available]		2.0510amphetamines;
dicarboxylic acid diamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate
2',3'-dideoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate: inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus RNA synthesis		3.5320
4-amino-5-bromo-7-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine
4-amino-5-bromo-7-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine: structure given in first source; 5-bromotubercidin in which the ribose is replaced by 2-hydroxyethoxymethyl		2.0510
cyclic-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine
cyclic-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine: prodrug for HPMPC; specific name and structure not given in first source		2.0510
methotrexate
[no description available]		210dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
bcx 1812
[no description available]		2.05103-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
acetamides;
cyclopentanols;
guanidines		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor
3'-fluorothymidine-5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		2.0210
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		3.8640divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
1-(benzenesulfonyl)indole
[no description available]		2.0510sulfonamide
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		2.08101,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
abacavir
abacavir: a carbocyclic nucleoside with potent selective anti-HIV activity. abacavir : A 2,6-diaminopurine that is (1S)-cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the pro-R hydrogen at the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-(cyclopropylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl group. A nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) with antiretroviral activity against HIV, it is used (particularly as the sulfate) with other antiretrovirals in combination therapy of HIV infection.		2.44202,6-diaminopurinesantiviral drug;
drug allergen;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
(north)-methanocarbathymidine
(north)-methanocarbathymidine: also called NMCT. 1-[(1S,2S,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-yl]thymine : A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane which is substituted at the 2-pro-S, 4-pro-S and 5-pro-R positions by thymin-1-yl, hydroxy, and hydroxymethyl groups, respectively.		2.0510C-glycosyl pyrimidine;
carbobicyclic compound;
primary alcohol;
pyrimidone;
secondary alcohol
mycophenolic acid
Mycophenolic Acid: Compound derived from Penicillium stoloniferum and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP DEHYDROGENASE). Mycophenolic acid exerts selective effects on the immune system in which it prevents the proliferation of T-CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, and the formation of antibodies from B-CELLS. It may also inhibit recruitment of LEUKOCYTES to sites of INFLAMMATION.. mycophenolate : A monocarboxylic acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of mycophenolic acid.. mycophenolic acid : A member of the class of 2-benzofurans that is 2-benzofuran-1(3H)-one which is substituted at positions 4, 5, 6, and 7 by methyl, methoxy, (2E)-5-carboxy-3-methylpent-2-en-1-yl, and hydroxy groups, respectively. It is an antibiotic produced by Penicillium brevi-compactum, P. stoloniferum, P. echinulatum and related species. An immunosuppressant, it is widely used (partiularly as its sodium salt and as the 2-(morpholin-4-yl)ethyl ester prodrug, mycophenolate mofetil) to prevent tissue rejection following organ transplants and for the treatment of certain autoimmune diseases.		3.82212-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		anticoronaviral agent;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
mycotoxin;
Penicillium metabolite;
xenobiotic
brivudine
brivudine: anti-herpes agent		2.0510
gs 4071
GS 4071: The acid form.. oseltamivir acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid which is substituted at positions 3, 4, and 5 by pentan-3-yloxy, acetamido, and amino groups, respectively (the 3R,4R,5S enantiomer). An antiviral drug, it is used as the corresponding ethyl ester prodrug, oseltamivir, to slow the spread of influenza.		2.0510acetate ester;
amino acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
primary amino compound		antiviral drug;
EC 3.2.1.18 (exo-alpha-sialidase) inhibitor;
marine xenobiotic metabolite
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyadenosine
[no description available]		2.0510
TTP
[no description available]		2.0610pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
l 737126
5-chloro-3-(phenylsulfonyl)indole-2-carboxamide: structure given in first source; an inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase		2.0510
ic9564
IC9564: betulinic acid derivative; structure in first source		2.0510
tenofovir
tenofovir (anhydrous) : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a [(2R)-1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(isopropyloxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (disoproxil ester) prodrug is used as the fumaric acid salt in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		4.2260nucleoside analogue;
phosphonic acids		antiviral drug;
drug metabolite;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
2,5,6-trichloro-1-(ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole
[no description available]		2.0510
gw 257406x
maribavir: has antiviral activity against human cytomegalovirus		2.0510
cmx 001
[no description available]		2.0510
favipiravir
favipiravir : A member of the class of pyrazines that is pyrazine substituted by aminocarbonyl, hydroxy and fluoro groups at positions 2, 3 and 6, respectively. It is an anti-viral agent that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of several RNA viruses and is approved for the treatment of influenza in Japan.		2.0510hydroxypyrazine;
organofluorine compound;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor
6-phosphonylmethoxyethoxy-2,4-diaminopyrimidine
[no description available]		2.0510
4-phenyl-4-oxo-2-hydroxybuten-2-oic acid
2,4-dioxo-4-phenylbutanoic acid: structure in first source		2.0510
2-hydroxy-4h-isoquinoline-1,3-dione
2-hydroxy-4H-isoquinoline-1,3-dione: structure in first source		2.0510
fludarabine
[no description available]		210purine nucleoside
benzoylacrylic acid
benzoylacrylic acid: structure in first source		2.0510
at 61
AT 61: a phenylpropenamide derivative; structure in first source		2.0510
2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine
2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine: a highly active anti-HIV agent; structure in first source		2.0510
vicriviroc
vicriviroc: structure in first source		2.0510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes
hcv 371
[no description available]		2.0510
tenofovir diphosphate
[no description available]		8.4220
bms 806
BMS 806: prevents entry of HIV into cells by binding HIV envelope protein gp120; no further info available 4/2002		2.0510
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate : A fumarate salt prepared from equimolar amounts of tenofovir disoproxil and fumaric acid. It is used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV infection.		2.0510fumarate saltantiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor;
prodrug
flutimide
flutimide: isolated from Delitschia confertaspora; selectively inhibits the transcriptase of influenza viruses; structure given		2.0510
a 315675
[no description available]		2.0510
rilpivirine
[no description available]		2.0510aminopyrimidine;
nitrile		EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
bms 433771
[no description available]		2.0510
epoxyfarnesyl diazoacetate
2'-deoxy-4'-C-ethynyl-2-fluoroadenosine: has anti-HIV activity; structure in first source		2.1710
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		3.34202-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate
2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd.. 2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase.		2.0110deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
deoxyguanosine triphosphate
[no description available]		4.1231deoxyguanosine phosphate;
guanyl deoxyribonucleotide;
purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Arabidopsis thaliana metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		2.0110guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanine
[no description available]		2.92102-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		2.0110guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
didanosine
Didanosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. Didanosine is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase; ddI is then metabolized to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, its putative active metabolite.. didanosine : A purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside that is inosine in which the hydroxy groups at both the 2' and the 3' positions on the sugar moiety have been replaced by hydrogen. An antiviral drug, it is used as a medication to treat HIV/AIDS.		2.7330purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
ganciclovir
[no description available]		2.05102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antiinfective agent;
antiviral drug
penciclovir
penciclovir : A member of the class of 2-aminopurines that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)but-1-yl group. An antiviral drug, it is administered topically for treatment of herpes labialis. A prodrug, famciclovir, is used for oral administration.		2.05102-aminopurines;
propane-1,3-diols		antiviral drug
2-aminopurine dioxolane
(4-2-aminopurin-9-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-methanol: structure in first source		2.0110
cyclopropavir
cyclopropavir: cyclopropavir is the (Z)-isomer; has antiviral activity; structure in first source		2.0510
lobucavir
lobucavir: inhibits the replication of HIV virus in T cells, monocytes & macrophages in vitro by inhibiting DNA polymerase and viral DNA synthesis		2.9210
nsc 614846
carbovir: structure given in first source; potent & selective anti-HIV agent. carbovir : Cyclopent-2-en-1-ylmethanol in which the 4-position is substituted by a 2-amino-6-hydroxy-9H-purin-9-yl group such that the two substitutents on the cyclopentene ring are in a cis relationship. The (-)-enantiomer, also known as carbovir, is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication replication in cell cultures.. (-)-carbovir : The (active) (-)-enantiomer of the carbocyclic analogue of 2',3'-dideoxy-2',3'-didehydroguanosine.		2.4420carbovirHIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyguanosine
[no description available]		2.0510
carbovir triphosphate
carbovir triphosphate: metabolite of abacavir. carbovir triphosphate : The organic triphosphate that is the 5'-triphosphate of (-)-carbovir.		7.9440organic triphosphate
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
HIV Coinfection
[description not available]		07.82162
HIV Infections
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).		07.82162
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.0310
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.0310
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.0310
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.0310
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
[description not available]		04.0931
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.		04.0931
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.		08.8121
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		0210
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		02.0110
Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.0110
Autosomal Recessive Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.0110
Muscular Dystrophies
A heterogeneous group of inherited MYOPATHIES, characterized by wasting and weakness of the SKELETAL MUSCLE. They are categorized by the sites of MUSCLE WEAKNESS; AGE OF ONSET; and INHERITANCE PATTERNS.		02.0110