Page last updated: 2024-08-05 15:04:08

hallucinogen

Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.

ChEBI ID: 35499

Members (12)

MemberDefinitionClass
1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)pyrrolidinePyrrolidine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 1-phenylcyclohex-1-yl group.rolicyclidine
5-methoxy-n,n-diisopropyltryptamine5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine
baeocystinA tryptamine alkaloid that is N-methyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4.baeocystin
benzydamineA member of the class of indazoles carrying benzyl and 3-(dimethylamino)propyl groups at positions 1 and 3 respectively. A locally-acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits local anaesthetic and analgesic properties.benzydamine
bufoteninA tertiary amine that consists of N,N-dimethyltryptamine bearing an additional hydroxy substituent at position 5.bufotenin
dronabinolA diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol
lysergic acid diethylamideAn ergoline alkaloid arising from formal condensation of lysergic acid with diethylamine.lysergic acid diethylamide
mescalineA phenethylamine alkaloid that is phenethylamine substituted at positions 3, 4 and 5 by methoxy groups.mescaline
methylbufoteninA tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine substituted by a methoxy group at position 5.5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
psilocinA tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 4. A hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated in trace amounts from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").psilocin
psilocybinA tryptamine alkaloid that is N,N-dimethyltryptamine carrying an additional phosphoryloxy substituent at position 4. The major hallucinogenic alkaloid isolated from Psilocybe mushrooms (also known as Teonanacatl or "magic mushrooms").psilocybin
tenocyclidineA tertiary amino compound that consists of cyclohexane having piperidin-1-yl and thiophen-2-yl groups attached at position 1. A dissociative anaesthetic drug with halluccinogenic and stimulant effects. Its effects are similar to those of phencyclidine (PCP, an analogue with the thienyl group replaced by phenyl), but it is rather more potent.tenocyclidine

Research

Studies (14,680)

TimeframeStudies, Drugs with This Role(%)All Drugs %
pre-19907,003 (47.70)18.7374
1990's1,428 (9.73)18.2507
2000's1,848 (12.59)29.6817
2010's2,500 (17.03)24.3611
2020's1,901 (12.95)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeStudies, Drugs with this Role (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1,182 (7.05%)5.53%
Reviews1,602 (9.55%)6.00%
Case Studies478 (2.85%)4.05%
Observational56 (0.33%)0.25%
Other13,454 (80.22%)84.16%

Protein Targets (154)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency53.548135
AR proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency23.050946
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency19.255327
Ataxin-2Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.145813
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.145813
Cellular tumor antigen p53Homo sapiens (human)Potency30.135624
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency15.848911
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency39.810711
cytochrome P450 2C9, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency82.848811
cytochrome P450 2D6Homo sapiens (human)Potency14.579914
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency13.948012
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency28.483725
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency13.662113
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.3815817
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)Homo sapiens (human)Potency66.988511
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency86.541033
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.162311
farnesoid X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.117711
Fumarate hydrataseHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.640512
GVesicular stomatitis virusPotency82.848811
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.911226
GLS proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.116613
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency25.298034
heat shock protein beta-1Homo sapiens (human)Potency58.465624
Histamine H2 receptorCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)Potency28.922125
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency108.310313
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain Homo sapiens (human)Potency82.848811
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunitHomo sapiens (human)Potency40.860613
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency82.848812
Interferon betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency82.848811
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform IHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.622811
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency43.825112
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_aHomo sapiens (human)Potency57.339412
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency25.118911
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency44.259222
peripheral myelin protein 22Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency15.532212
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gammaHomo sapiens (human)Potency22.597812
polyproteinZika virusPotency26.640512
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15BHomo sapiens (human)Potency12.589311
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform dHomo sapiens (human)Potency31.832612
pregnane X nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.208824
progesterone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency60.551812
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency45.463436
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency55.938225
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency26.6695210
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency42.043728
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency63.026546
USP1 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency56.234111
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)Homo sapiens (human)Potency48.469422
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency179.160011

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)IC500.015011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.011011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.001233
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.021089
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1BHomo sapiens (human)IC500.550011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.350034
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DCavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)IC500.049011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)IC500.049011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.003911
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.050011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1EHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.093011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1FRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.050011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)IC500.008311
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.972544
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.135399
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.83741622
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)IC500.001111
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.972544
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.292433
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.374667
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)IC500.128922
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.828055
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.105044
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.30641113
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.009522
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.022766
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.014333
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.014824
AcetylcholinesteraseElectrophorus electricus (electric eel)IC5012.700012
Adenosine receptor A2aRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.015011
Beta-1 adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.140011
Beta-2 adrenergic receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.740011
Cannabinoid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)IC500.002811
Cannabinoid receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.218011
Cannabinoid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.02951818
Cannabinoid receptor 1Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.040522
Cannabinoid receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.04681010
Cannabinoid receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.218011
Cannabinoid receptor 2Mus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.030334
Cannabinoid receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.046011
Cannabinoid receptor 2 Homo sapiens (human)IC500.009511
Cannabinoid receptor 2 Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.03662222
Catechol O-methyltransferaseRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.002511
Cytochrome P450 2C9 Homo sapiens (human)IC5050.000011
Cytochrome P450 2J2Homo sapiens (human)IC5050.000011
DMus musculus (house mouse)Ki0.180011
D(1B) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.340011
D(2) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.122922
D(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.027011
D(4) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.056011
Fatty acid-binding protein, liverMus musculus (house mouse)Ki1.000011
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 1Homo sapiens (human)IC5043.600011
G-protein coupled receptor 55Homo sapiens (human)IC5014.200011
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki33.338523
Histamine H1 receptorHomo sapiens (human)Ki1.540011
L-lactate dehydrogenase A chainHomo sapiens (human)Ki14.000011
Lysophosphatidylserine lipase ABHD12Homo sapiens (human)IC5011.600011
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidaseHomo sapiens (human)IC500.020011
Melatonin receptor type 1AHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.210011
Melatonin receptor type 1BHomo sapiens (human)Ki0.016011
Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD6Homo sapiens (human)IC5048.200011
Monoglyceride lipaseHomo sapiens (human)IC50100.000011
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC500.240011
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporterMacaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)Ki0.340011
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporterRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki0.013022
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter Homo sapiens (human)Ki0.340011
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporterHomo sapiens (human)IC501.200011

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)EC500.197011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1AHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.041322
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1BHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1DRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1EHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1FHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1FRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)EC500.37571115
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AMus musculus (house mouse)EC500.009812
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC502.954557
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2AHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)EC500.066012
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd1.520223
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)EC500.268012
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC5012.038922
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3AHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3CHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3DHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3EHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5AHomo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5BRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Homo sapiens (human)Kd0.079411
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd2.238712
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.079411
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.079411
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.079411
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.079411
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.079411
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptorRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Kd0.079411
alternatively spliced Trp4Mus musculus (house mouse)EC500.670011
Cannabinoid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)EC500.045833
Cannabinoid receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.073823
Cannabinoid receptor 2Mus musculus (house mouse)EC500.007311
Cannabinoid receptor 2 Homo sapiens (human)EC500.008633
D(3) dopamine receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC500.010211
G-protein coupled receptor 55Homo sapiens (human)EC5010.000011
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.197012
Glutamate receptor 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.199511
Glutamate receptor 2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.199511
Glutamate receptor 3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.199511
Glutamate receptor 4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.199511
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)EC501.300011
Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-1Homo sapiens (human)EC501.020011
Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2Homo sapiens (human)EC501.020011
Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1Homo sapiens (human)EC501.020011
Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2Homo sapiens (human)EC501.020011
Melatonin receptor type 1AHomo sapiens (human)EC500.257011
Melatonin receptor type 1BHomo sapiens (human)EC500.112011
N-arachidonyl glycine receptorHomo sapiens (human)EC504.610011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2Homo sapiens (human)EC5018.933333
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)EC500.230011

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (mM)Bioassay(s)Drugs
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2ARattus norvegicus (Norway rat)K0.50.013512
Cannabinoid receptor 1Homo sapiens (human)Log Ki0.001611
Cannabinoid receptor 2 Homo sapiens (human)Log Ki0.001611
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1Homo sapiens (human)Activity10.000011