Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose: An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 33576 |
| CHEMBL ID | 2360089 |
| CHEBI ID | 16960 |
| MeSH ID | M0000383 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| adenosine 5'-[3-(d-ribofuranos-5-o-yl) dihydrogen diphosphate] |
| adp-riboses |
| CHEBI:16960 , |
| adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), p'-5-ester with d-ribose |
| d-ribofuranose, 5-5'-ester with adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen pyrophosphate) |
| adopprib |
| (rib5)ppa |
| adp-rib |
| a5'pp5rib |
| adenosine diphosphate ribose |
| NCGC00163321-01 |
| [[(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(2r,3s,4r)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate |
| CHEMBL2360089 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " We treated the patient with Poly ADP-ribose Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and found that she could achieve clinical benefit from the combination regimen." | ( Targeted therapy combined with immunotherapy in patients with breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma with axillary lymph node metastasis of metaplastic SCC. Bai, R; Chen, N; Cui, J; Gao, Y; Jia, L; Lv, Z; Sun, X, 2022) | 0.72 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Among others effects of thio-DMA(V) on eight cell death related endpoints, cell cycle distribution, genotoxicity, cellular bioavailability as well as for the first time its impact on DNA damage induced poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation were investigated and compared to effects induced by arsenite." | ( Toxicological properties of the thiolated inorganic arsenic and arsenosugar metabolite thio-dimethylarsinic acid in human bladder cells. Beneke, S; Berndt, S; Bürkle, A; Ebert, F; Leffers, L; Mangerich, A; Schwerdtle, T; Weber, T, 2014) | 0.4 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Increase in extracellular K+ concentration (10, 15 mM) shifted the dose-response relationship for the ET-1-induced contraction to the left." | ( A pertussis toxin-sensitive mechanism of endothelin action in porcine coronary artery smooth muscle. Goto, K; Kasuya, Y; Masaki, T; Takuwa, Y; Yanagisawa, M, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " NADPH shifts the dose-response curve of NO to the left and possibly increases, in this way, the ADP-ribosylation reaction under physiological conditions." | ( NADPH: a stimulatory cofactor for nitric oxide-induced ADP-ribosylation reaction. Brüne, B; Dimmeler, S; Lapetina, EG, 1992) | 0.28 |
| " Porcine and human NPY and porcine PYY gave similar dose-response curves." | ( Characterization of functional neuropeptide Y receptors in a human neuroblastoma cell line. Fishman, PH; Gordon, EA; Kohout, TA, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " The dose-response for pertussis toxin-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis correlated closely with the dose-response for ADP-ribosylation of a 41-kDa membrane protein, suggesting the involvement of a GTP-binding protein that is a substrate for pertussis toxin (Gi) in mitogenesis induced via cross-linking of endogenous gangliosides." | ( Possible involvement of a GTP-binding protein in a late event during endogenous ganglioside-modulated cellular proliferation. Spiegel, S, 1989) | 0.28 |
| " Maximal inhibition was observed at a concentration of 10 nM PIA, and the ED50 of the dose-response curve was 1 nM." | ( Adenosine inhibition of the hormonal response in the Sertoli cell is reversed by pertussis toxin. Conti, M; DeManno, DA; Martin, MW; Monaco, L, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "5- to 3-fold increase in cAMP followed by a return to basal levels, whereas the secretory response saturated and remained stable; (iii) permeant cAMP analogs consistently enhanced secretion at low doses and inhibited at higher doses, but the peak enhancement was always much less than that achieved by an optimal dose of CT; (iv) the selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro 20-1724 exhibited similar biphasic dose-response curves, the maximum enhancement again being small compared to that caused by CT itself." | ( Cholera toxin potentiates IgE-coupled inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and mediator secretion by RBL-2H3 cells. McCloskey, MA, 1988) | 0.27 |
| "7-fold) toward increased sensitivity in the dose-response curve for adenylate cyclase activation by isoproterenol." | ( Independent regulation of beta-adrenergic receptor and nucleotide binding proteins of adenylate cyclase. Developmental and denervation-dependent responses in rat parotid. Ludford, JM; Talamo, BR, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " Results indicated that intra-DG administration of a NO generator, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), at moderate doses enhanced retention performance in a dose-response fashion in rats." | ( Role of hippocampal nitric oxide in memory retention in rats. Huang, AM; Lee, EH, 1995) | 0.29 |
| " Dose-response curves for LPA in the two assays of G-protein activation were coincident." | ( Stimulation of high-affinity GTPase activity and cholera toxin-catalysed [32P]ADP-ribosylation of Gi by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in wild-type and alpha 2C10 adrenoceptor-transfected Rat 1 fibroblasts. Carr, C; Grassie, M; Milligan, G, 1994) | 0.29 |
| " Both 2'-P-cADPR and cADPR appear to act by a similar mechanism based on similar kinetics of Ca2+ release, similar dose-response curves, cross-desensitization, and partial inhibition of release by procaine." | ( 2'-Phospho-cyclic ADP-ribose, a calcium-mobilizing agent derived from NADP. Chen, CS; Jacobson, MK; Lu, PJ; Vu, CQ, 1996) | 0.29 |
| " Dose-response curves on the production of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and Ca2+ by ATP and UTP were consistently similar." | ( Expression cloning and signal transduction pathway of P2U receptor in mammary tumor cells. Enomoto, K; Furuya, K; Maeno, T; Moore, RC; Oka, T; Yamagishi, S, ) | 0.13 |
| " However, the time-course of potency changes in morphine analgesia as determined in dose-response studies and biochemical correlates of PTX treatment have not been reported to date." | ( Time-dependent effects of in vivo pertussis toxin on morphine analgesia and G-proteins in mice. Breivogel, C; Childers, S; Munirathinam, G; Selly, D; Shah, S; Yoburn, BC, 1997) | 0.3 |
| "5 microm) of cADPR shifted the dose-response curve of caffeine-induced 45Ca2+ release to the left." | ( Characterization of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release from microsomal vesicles of rat parotid acinar cells: regulation by cyclic ADP-ribose. Nishiyama, A; Ozawa, T, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " The 50% inhibition dosage (IC50) of FN18-CRM9 is 1 x 10(-10) mol/L, while the IC50 of DT390-FN18sFv is 1 x 10(-8) mol/ L, reflecting the lowered affinity of monovalent Fab' FN18 to its parental divalent antibody." | ( Genetic construction and characterization of an anti-monkey CD3 single-chain immunotoxin with a truncated diphtheria toxin. Hu, H; Ma, S; Neville, DM; Scharff, J; Stavrou, S; Thompson, J, ) | 0.13 |
| " Dose-response curves for isoprenaline-induced force of contraction showed unchanged maximum effects but significantly increased pD2 values." | ( Functional coupling of overexpressed beta 1-adrenoceptors in the myocardium of transgenic mice. Böhm, M; Flesch, M; Kilter, H; Mansier, P; Schnabel, P; Swynghedauw, B; Zolk, O, 1998) | 0.3 |
| " The presence of exogenously added CaM (10 microg/ml) markedly increased the caffeine (5-10 mM)-induced (45)Ca(2+) release and shifted the dose-response curve of caffeine-induced (45)Ca(2+) release to the left." | ( Ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) release mechanism of rat pancreatic acinar cells is modulated by calmodulin. Ozawa, T, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " All five constructs stimulated neurite outgrowth but with different dose-response profiles." | ( Characterization of new cell permeable C3-like proteins that inactivate Rho and stimulate neurite outgrowth on inhibitory substrates. Dubreuil, CI; Lasko, D; Leclerc, N; McKerracher, L; Winton, MJ, 2002) | 0.31 |
| " MacroH2A could thus help correct gene dosage between males and females using a novel epigenetic mark." | ( Inactivating chromosomes: a macro domain that minimizes transcription. Ladurner, AG, 2003) | 0.32 |
| "5 microM) shifted the dose-response curve of ryanodine- or caffeine-induced 45Ca2+ release from the vesicles to the left." | ( Elucidation of the ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release mechanism of rat pancreatic acinar cells: modulation by cyclic ADP-ribose and FK506. Ozawa, T, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " Single or multiple dosing with the peptide antigen and CT-2* induced strong memory immunity without tolerance." | ( A two-codon mutant of cholera toxin lacking ADP-ribosylating activity functions as an effective adjuvant for eliciting mucosal and systemic cellular immune responses to peptide antigens. Chopra, AK; Gambhira, R; Guhad, FA; Lomada, D; Nehete, PN; Peterson, JW; Sastry, KJ, 2004) | 0.32 |
| "5-fold shift in the dose-response curve generated by ADPR, the intracellular agonist for TRPM2." | ( Loss of glutathione homeostasis associated with neuronal senescence facilitates TRPM2 channel activation in cultured hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Belrose, JC; Gierszewski, LJ; Jackson, MF; MacDonald, JF; Xie, YF, 2012) | 0.38 |
| " To understand the in vivo relevance of this metabolic pathway, rats were dosed with PT and Rib-C2 was found in the urine." | ( Elucidation of the mechanism of ribose conjugation in a pyrazole-containing compound in rodent liver. Fan, PW; Ford, KA; Khojasteh, SC; Le, H, 2013) | 0.39 |
| " In 8 eculizumab-treated aHUS patients, C3/SC5b-9 circulating levels did not change posteculizumab, whereas serum-induced endothelial C5b-9 deposits normalized after treatment, paralleled or even preceded remission, and guided drug dosing and timing." | ( Dynamics of complement activation in aHUS and how to monitor eculizumab therapy. Amore, A; Banterla, F; Bettoni, S; Bresin, E; Coppo, R; Donadelli, R; Galbusera, M; Gastoldi, S; Gotti, E; Macor, P; Noris, M; Remuzzi, G; Ruggenenti, P; Tedesco, F; Tripodo, C; Valoti, E, 2014) | 0.4 |
| " Dose-response measurements and an orthogonal assay further validated four of these compounds as MacroD1 inhibitors." | ( Development of an Inhibitor Screening Assay for Mono-ADP-Ribosyl Hydrolyzing Macrodomains Using AlphaScreen Technology. Haikarainen, T; Lehtiö, L; Maksimainen, MM; Obaji, E, 2018) | 0.48 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| Escherichia coli metabolite | Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. |
| mouse metabolite | Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| ADP-sugar | |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TDP1 protein | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 16.3601 | 0.0008 | 11.3822 | 44.6684 | AID686978 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID1065923 | Activation of TRPM2 (unknown origin) | 2013 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Dec-27, Volume: 56, Issue:24 | Structure-activity relationship of adenosine 5'-diphosphoribose at the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel: rational design of antagonists. |
| AID1347082 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
| AID1508630 | Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay | 2021 | Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4 | A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. |
| AID1347154 | Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors | 2020 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 | Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. |
| AID1347083 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
| AID1347086 | qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal | 2020 | Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173 | A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 866 (26.46) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 1386 (42.35) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 494 (15.09) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 349 (10.66) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 178 (5.44) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 7 (0.21%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 306 (9.12%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 4 (0.12%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 3,039 (90.55%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-keto-4-methylvalerate alpha-ketoisocaproic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid.. 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is pentanoic acid (valeric acid) substituted with a keto group at C-2 and a methyl group at C-4. A metabolite that has been found to accumulate in maple syrup urine disease. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid; branched-chain keto acid | algal metabolite; human metabolite |
| phosphoserine Phosphoserine: The phosphoric acid ester of serine. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid; serine derivative | human metabolite |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| ethylene glycol Ethylene Glycol: A colorless, odorless, viscous dihydroxy alcohol. It has a sweet taste, but is poisonous if ingested. Ethylene glycol is the most important glycol commercially available and is manufactured on a large scale in the United States. It is used as an antifreeze and coolant, in hydraulic fluids, and in the manufacture of low-freezing dynamites and resins.. ethanediol : Any diol that is ethane or substituted ethane carrying two hydroxy groups.. ethylene glycol : A 1,2-glycol compound produced via reaction of ethylene oxide with water. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ethanediol; glycol | metabolite; mouse metabolite; solvent; toxin |
| acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.. acetaldehyde : The aldehyde formed from acetic acid by reduction of the carboxy group. It is the most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke.. aldehyde : A compound RC(=O)H, in which a carbonyl group is bonded to one hydrogen atom and to one R group.. acetyl group : A group, formally derived from acetic acid by dehydroxylation, which is fundamental to the biochemistry of all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde | carcinogenic agent; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; electron acceptor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; oxidising agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; teratogenic agent |
| adenine [no description available] | 3.93 | 13 | 0 | 6-aminopurines; purine nucleobase | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| agmatine Agmatine: Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle. | 4.17 | 5 | 0 | guanidines; primary amino compound | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| ammonium hydroxide azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | azane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride | EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; NMR chemical shift reference compound; nucleophilic reagent; refrigerant |
| quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor |
| benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| benzyl alcohol Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent.. aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring.. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzyl alcohols | antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent |
| 1-butanol 1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.. butan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is butane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It it produced in small amounts in humans by the gut microbes. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; primary alcohol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent |
| butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| carbon monoxide Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carbon monoxide : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is joined only to a single oxygen. It is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, toxic gas. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | carbon oxide; gas molecular entity; one-carbon compound | biomarker; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; human metabolite; ligand; metabolite; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mouse metabolite; neurotoxin; neurotransmitter; P450 inhibitor; probe; signalling molecule; vasodilator agent |
| aminooxyacetic acid Aminooxyacetic Acid: A compound that inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, thereby raising the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues.. (aminooxy)acetic acid : A member of the class of hydroxylamines that is acetic acid substituted at postion 2 by an aminooxy group. It is a compound which inhibits aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity in vivo, resulting in increased levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid in tissues. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | amino acid; hydroxylamines; monocarboxylic acid | anticonvulsant; EC 2.6.1.19 (4-aminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; nootropic agent |
| carnitine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | amino-acid betaine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
| choline [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | cholines | allergen; Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutrient; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 3.69 | 10 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrochloric acid Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| salicylic acid Scalp: The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL). | 4.54 | 4 | 0 | monohydroxybenzoic acid | algal metabolite; antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor; keratolytic drug; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide: A flammable, poisonous gas with a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is used in the manufacture of chemicals, in metallurgy, and as an analytical reagent. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). hydrogen sulfide : A sulfur hydride consisting of a single sulfur atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms. A highly poisonous, flammable gas with a characteristic odour of rotten eggs, it is often produced by bacterial decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen.. thiol : An organosulfur compound in which a thiol group, -SH, is attached to a carbon atom of any aliphatic or aromatic moiety. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | gas molecular entity; hydracid; mononuclear parent hydride; sulfur hydride | Escherichia coli metabolite; genotoxin; metabolite; signalling molecule; toxin; vasodilator agent |
| dihydrolipoic acid dihydrolipoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. dihydrolipoic acid : A thio-fatty acid that is reduced form of lipoic acid. A potent antioxidant shown to directly destroy superoxide, hydroperoxy and hydroxyl radicals; also has neuroprotective and anti-tumour effects.. dihydrolipoate : The conjugate base of dihydrolipoic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | thio-fatty acid | antioxidant; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| n(1)-methylnicotinamide N(1)-methylnicotinamide: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinium ion comprising nicotinamide having a methyl group at the 1-position. It is a metabolite of nicotinamide which was initially considered to be biologically inactive but has emerged as an anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory agent. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | pyridinium ion | algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| malic acid malic acid : A 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to a carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group.. 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid : Any dicarboxylic acid carrying a hydroxy group on the carbon atom at position alpha to the carboxy group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite |
| cytosine [no description available] | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite |
| dihydrolipoamide [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | dithiol; monocarboxylic acid amide | cofactor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole : A dimethylbenzimidazole carrying methyl substituents at positions 5 and 6. | 3.15 | 1 | 0 | dimethylbenzimidazole | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | aldehyde; one-carbon compound | allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| glycine [no description available] | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid | EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical |
| glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | alditol; triol | algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent |
| alpha-glycerophosphoric acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | glycerol monophosphate | algal metabolite; human metabolite |
| glycolaldehyde [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | glycolaldehydes | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| hydrogen carbonate Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid. | 3.48 | 2 | 0 | carbon oxoanion | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| histamine [no description available] | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | aralkylamino compound; imidazoles | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| hydroxylamine amino alcohol : An alcohol containing an amino functional group in addition to the alcohol-defining hydroxy group. | 4.41 | 22 | 0 | hydroxylamines | algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 1.1.3.13 (alcohol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 4.2.1.22 (cystathionine beta-synthase) inhibitor; EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; nitric oxide donor; nucleophilic reagent |
| indole [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | indole; polycyclic heteroarene | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| dihydroxyphenylalanine Dihydroxyphenylalanine: A beta-hydroxylated derivative of phenylalanine. The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine has less physiologic activity than the L-form and is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of LEVODOPA are stereospecific.. dopa : A hydroxyphenylalanine carrying hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 4 of the benzene ring. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | hydroxyphenylalanine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; tyrosine derivative | human metabolite |
| kynurenine Kynurenine: A metabolite of the essential amino acid tryptophan metabolized via the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway.. kynurenine : A ketone that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 2-aminobenzoyl group. | 3.61 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; substituted aniline | human metabolite |
| lipoamide Lipozyme: lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on anion exchange resin | 2 | 1 | 0 | dithiolanes; monocarboxylic acid amide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS. | 2 | 1 | 0 | dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid | fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | cyclitol; hexol | |
| melatonin [no description available] | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger |
| n-acetylserotonin N-acetylserotonin : An N-acylserotonin resulting from the formal condensation of the primary amino group of serotonin with the carboxy group of acetic acid. | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; N-acylserotonin; phenols | antioxidant; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist |
| niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 8.35 | 104 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
| niacin Niacin: A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.. vitamin B3 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B3 deficiency. Vitamin B3 deficiency causes a condition known as pellagra whose symptoms include depression, dermatitis and diarrhea. The vitamers include nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (and their ionized and salt forms).. nicotinic acid : A pyridinemonocarboxylic acid that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxy group. | 5.48 | 12 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinemonocarboxylic acid; vitamin B3 | antidote; antilipemic drug; EC 3.5.1.19 (nicotinamidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| nitrites Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | human metabolite |
| hydroxide ion [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | oxygen hydride | mouse metabolite |
| oxaloacetic acid Oxaloacetic Acid: A dicarboxylic acid ketone that is an important metabolic intermediate of the CITRIC ACID CYCLE. It can be converted to ASPARTIC ACID by ASPARTATE TRANSAMINASE.. oxaloacetic acid : An oxodicarboxylic acid that is succinic acid bearing a single oxo group. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | C4-dicarboxylic acid; oxo dicarboxylic acid | geroprotector; metabolite |
| palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| diphosphoric acid diphosphoric acid : An acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride obtained by condensation of two molecules of phosphoric acid. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| purine 1H-purine : The 1H-tautomer of purine.. 3H-purine : The 3H-tautomer of purine.. 9H-purine : The 9H-tautomer of purine.. 7H-purine : The 7H-tautomer of purine. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | purine | |
| putrescine [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite |
| pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | pyrazole | |
| pyridoxine 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | hydroxymethylpyridine; methylpyridines; monohydroxypyridine; vitamin B6 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| pyruvic acid Pyruvic Acid: An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed). pyruvic acid : A 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid that is the 2-keto derivative of propionic acid. It is a metabolite obtained during glycolysis. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 2-oxo monocarboxylic acid | cofactor; fundamental metabolite |
| spermidine [no description available] | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | polyazaalkane; triamine | autophagy inducer; fundamental metabolite; geroprotector |
| spermine [no description available] | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | polyazaalkane; tetramine | antioxidant; fundamental metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| thymine [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| uric acid Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | uric acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| isopentenyl pyrophosphate isopentenyl pyrophosphate: substrate for isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; a nonpeptide mycobacterial antigen that stimulates gamma delta T cells. isopentenyl diphosphate : A prenol phosphate comprising 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol having an O-diphosphate substituent. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | prenol phosphate | antigen; antioxidant; epitope; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; phosphoantigen |
| 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate: The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | NMDA receptor antagonist |
| 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin: A serotonin 1A-receptor agonist that is used experimentally to test the effects of serotonin.. 8-OH-DPAT : A tetralin substituted at positions 1 and 7 by hydroxy and dipropylamino groups respectively | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | phenols; tertiary amino compound; tetralins | serotonergic antagonist |
| gallopamil Gallopamil: Coronary vasodilator that is an analog of iproveratril (VERAPAMIL) with one more methoxy group on the benzene ring. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; organic amino compound | |
| sk&f-38393 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine: A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool.. 1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepine bearing a phenyl substituent at position 1 and two hydroxy substituents at positions 7 and 8.. SKF 38393 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-SKF 38393 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | benzazepine; catechols; secondary amino compound | |
| menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| 1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | phenanthroline | EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor |
| 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol: functions as bioregulator of protein kinase C in human platelets | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine DPCPX : An oxopurine that is 7H-xanthine substituted at positions 1 and 3 by propyl groups and at position 8 by a cyclohexyl group. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | oxopurine | adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-3-methylpiperazine 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-3-methylpiperazine: a positional isomer of H-7; inhibits protein kinase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid 14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid | |
| 2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'. | 2.63 | 2 | 0 | bipyridine | chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| 2,4-dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol: A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed). dinitrophenol : Members of the class of nitrophenol carrying two nitro substituents.. 2,4-dinitrophenol : A dinitrophenol having the nitro groups at the 2- and 4-positions. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | dinitrophenol | allergen; antiseptic drug; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; geroprotector; oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor |
| mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | alkanethiol; primary alcohol | geroprotector |
| 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate: is a novel membrane-penetrable modulator and transient receptor potential channel blocker; structure in first source; do not confuse with 2-APB cpd. 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane : An organoboron compound that is diphenylborane in which the borane hydrogen is replaced by a 2-aminoethoxy group. | 3.18 | 5 | 0 | organoboron compound; primary amino compound | calcium channel blocker; IP3 receptor antagonist; potassium channel opener |
| n-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.. 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a 2-(methylamino)propyl group at position 5. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | amphetamines; benzodioxoles | neurotoxin |
| 3-aminobenzamide [no description available] | 4.97 | 39 | 0 | benzamides; substituted aniline | EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine: decarboxylase inhibitor; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
| 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN; | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzoisoquinoline; dicarboximide | |
| p-chloromercuribenzoic acid p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid: An organic mercurial used as a sulfhydryl reagent. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | chlorine molecular entity; mercuribenzoic acid | |
| 5-carboxamidotryptamine 5-carboxamidotryptamine: agonist of 5-HT receptor; structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | tryptamines | |
| 5-methoxytryptamine 5-Methoxytryptamine: Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives.. 5-methoxytryptamine : A member of the class of tryptamines that is the methyl ether derivative of serotonin. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; primary amino compound; tryptamines | 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor agonist; 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonist; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; radiation protective agent; serotonergic agonist |
| 6-hydroxymelatonin 6-hydroxymelatonin : A member of the class of tryptamines that is melatonin with a hydroxy group substituent at position 6. | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; tryptamines | metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 8-phenyltheophylline 8-phenyltheophylline: purinergic P1 receptor antagonist | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ethacridine Ethacridine: A topically applied anti-infective agent. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | acridines | |
| alpha-methylornithine alpha-methylornithine: inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alprenolol Alprenolol: One of the ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS used as an antihypertensive, anti-anginal, and anti-arrhythmic agent.. alprenolol : A secondary alcohol that is propan-2-ol substituted by a 2-allylphenoxy group at position 1 and an isopropylamino group at position 3. It is a beta-adrenergic antagonist used as a antihypertensive, anti-arrhythmia and a sympatholytic agent. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; sympatholytic agent |
| aluminum fluoride [no description available] | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | aluminium coordination entity | |
| theophylline [no description available] | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | dimethylxanthine | adenosine receptor antagonist; anti-asthmatic drug; anti-inflammatory agent; bronchodilator agent; drug metabolite; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human blood serum metabolite; immunomodulator; muscle relaxant; vasodilator agent |
| amitriptyline Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.. amitriptyline : An organic tricyclic compound that is 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene substituted by a 3-(dimethylamino)propylidene group at position 5. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | carbotricyclic compound; tertiary amine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| apraclonidine apraclonidine: relieves postoperative intraocular pressure following trabeculoplasty; RN given refers to parent cpd. apraclonidine : An imidazoline that is 2-amino 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazoline in which one of the exocyclic amino hydrogens has been replaced by a 4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; guanidines; imidazolines | alpha-adrenergic agonist; antiglaucoma drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; diagnostic agent; ophthalmology drug |
| baclofen [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid; monochlorobenzenes; primary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant |
| barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid). | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | drug allergen |
| bay-k-8644 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester: A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool.. Bay-K-8644 : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-Bay-K-8644. methyl 2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate : A pentasubstituted dihydropyridine carrying methoxycarbonyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and nitro substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5 respectively as well as two methyl substituents at positions 2 and 6. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | |
| benzamide benzamide : An aromatic amide that consists of benzene bearing a single carboxamido substituent. The parent of the class of benzamides. | 4.06 | 15 | 0 | benzamides | |
| 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone 2,5-di-tert-butylbenzene-1,4-diol : A member of the class of hydroquinones that is benzene-1,4-diol substituted by tert-butyl groups at position 2 and 5. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | hydroquinones | |
| bisbenzimidazole Bisbenzimidazole: A benzimidazole antifilarial agent; it is fluorescent when it binds to certain nucleotides in DNA, thus providing a tool for the study of DNA replication; it also interferes with mitosis. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | bibenzimidazole; N-methylpiperazine | anthelminthic drug; fluorochrome |
| bupranolol Bupranolol: An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| cacodylic acid dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | organoarsenic compound | xenobiotic metabolite |
| caffeine [no description available] | 6.38 | 53 | 0 | purine alkaloid; trimethylxanthine | adenosine A2A receptor antagonist; adenosine receptor antagonist; adjuvant; central nervous system stimulant; diuretic; EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; food additive; fungal metabolite; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; ryanodine receptor agonist; xenobiotic |
| verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound | |
| carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; ureas | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic |
| carvedilol [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | carbazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| cetyltrimethylammonium ion Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| cgp 12177 CGP 12177 : A benzimidazole that is benzimidazol-2-one substituted at position 4 by a 3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy group. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzimidazoles; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic antagonist |
| chloral hydrate [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde hydrate; ethanediol; organochlorine compound | general anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; sedative; xenobiotic |
| chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug |
| chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | organochlorine compound; phenothiazines; tertiary amine | anticoronaviral agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate | acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic |
| citalopram Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the serotonin uptake inhibitors used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from TARDIVE DYSKINESIA in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate dyskinesia.. citalopram : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-citalopram and its enantiomer, escitalopram. It is used as an antidepressant, although only escitalopram is active.. 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile : A nitrile that is 1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carbonitrile in which one of the hydrogens at position 1 is replaced by a p-fluorophenyl group, while the other is replaced by a 3-(dimethylamino)propyl group. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans; cyclic ether; nitrile; organofluorine compound; tertiary amino compound | |
| clonidine Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.. clonidine (amino form) : A clonidine that is 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dichlorophenyl group. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | clonidine; imidazoline | |
| clotrimazole [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | conazole antifungal drug; imidazole antifungal drug; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | antiinfective agent; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| dantrolene Dantrolene: Skeletal muscle relaxant that acts by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fiber. It is used in spasticity and other neuromuscular abnormalities. Although the mechanism of action is probably not central, dantrolene is usually grouped with the central muscle relaxants.. dantrolene : The hydrazone resulting from the formal condensation of 5-(4-nitrophenyl)furfural with 1-aminohydantoin. A ryanodine receptor antagonist used for the relief of chronic severe spasticity and malignant hyperthermia. | 3.1 | 5 | 0 | hydrazone; imidazolidine-2,4-dione | muscle relaxant; neuroprotective agent; ryanodine receptor antagonist |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| desipramine Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.. desipramine : A dibenzoazepine consisting of 10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine substituted on nitrogen with a 3-(methylamino)propyl group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; secondary amino compound | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; cholinergic antagonist; drug allergen; EC 3.1.4.12 (sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| dipyridamole Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752). dipyridamole : A pyrimidopyrimidine that is 2,2',2'',2'''-(pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,6-diyldinitrilo)tetraethanol substituted by piperidin-1-yl groups at positions 4 and 8 respectively. A vasodilator agent, it inhibits the formation of blood clots. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | piperidines; pyrimidopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound; tetrol | adenosine phosphodiesterase inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| econazole Econazole: An imidazole derivative that is commonly used as a topical antifungal agent.. econazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-econazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.. 1-{2-(4-chlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl}imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 4-chlorobenzyl group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; ether; imidazoles; monochlorobenzenes | |
| ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | GABA agonist |
| carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone: A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.. carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone : A hydrazone that is hydrazonomalononitrile in which one of the hydrazine hydrogens is substituted by a p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; hydrazone; nitrile; organofluorine compound | ATP synthase inhibitor; geroprotector; ionophore |
| fentanyl Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | anilide; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperidines | adjuvant; anaesthesia adjuvant; anaesthetic; intravenous anaesthetic; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic |
| flufenamic acid Flufenamic Acid: An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is used in musculoskeletal and joint disorders and administered by mouth and topically. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p16). flufenamic acid : An aromatic amino acid consisting of anthranilic acid carrying an N-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent. An analgesic and anti-inflammatory, it is used in rheumatic disorders. | 3.15 | 5 | 0 | aromatic amino acid; organofluorine compound | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | |
| glipizide Glipizide: An oral hypoglycemic agent which is rapidly absorbed and completely metabolized.. glipizide : An N-sulfonylurea that is glyburide in which the (5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoyl group is replaced by a (5-methylpyrazin-2-yl)carbonyl group. An oral hypoglycemic agent, it is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; N-sulfonylurea; pyrazines | EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue |
| glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
| guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound | |
| n-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines; sulfonamide | |
| 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine: A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.. 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine : A member of the class of N-sulfonylpiperazines that is 2-methylpiperazine substituted at position 1 by a 5-isoquinolinesulfonyl group. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | isoquinolines; N-sulfonylpiperazine | EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
| haloperidol Haloperidol: A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279). haloperidol : A compound composed of a central piperidine structure with hydroxy and p-chlorophenyl substituents at position 4 and an N-linked p-fluorobutyrophenone moiety. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; hydroxypiperidine; monochlorobenzenes; organofluorine compound; tertiary alcohol | antidyskinesia agent; antiemetic; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist |
| halothane [no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | haloalkane; organobromine compound; organochlorine compound; organofluorine compound | inhalation anaesthetic |
| ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | phenanthridines | fluorochrome; intercalator |
| hydroxychloroquine Hydroxychloroquine: A chemotherapeutic agent that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites. Hydroxychloroquine appears to concentrate in food vacuoles of affected protozoa. It inhibits plasmodial heme polymerase. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p970). hydroxychloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is chloroquine in which one of the N-ethyl groups is hydroxylated at position 2. An antimalarial with properties similar to chloroquine that acts against erythrocytic forms of malarial parasites, it is mainly used as the sulfate salt for the treatment of lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and light-sensitive skin eruptions. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; primary alcohol; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug |
| hydroxyurea [no description available] | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | one-carbon compound; ureas | antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent |
| lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound | anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic |
| indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole | analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic |
| iodoacetamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine: A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES. 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine : An oxopurine that is xanthine which is substituted at positions 1 and 3 by methyl and isobutyl groups, respectively. | 4.17 | 17 | 0 | 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine | |
| isoniazid Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC). | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | carbohydrazide | antitubercular agent; drug allergen |
| isoproterenol Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders. | 5.73 | 85 | 0 | catechols; secondary alcohol; secondary amino compound | beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; cardiotonic drug; sympathomimetic agent |
| ketamine Ketamine: A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.. ketamine : A member of the class of cyclohexanones in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 is substituted by a 2-chlorophenyl group, while the other is substituted by a methylamino group. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | cyclohexanones; monochlorobenzenes; secondary amino compound | analgesic; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| ketanserin Ketanserin: A selective serotonin receptor antagonist with weak adrenergic receptor blocking properties. The drug is effective in lowering blood pressure in essential hypertension. It also inhibits platelet aggregation. It is well tolerated and is particularly effective in older patients.. ketanserin : A member of the class of quinazolines that is quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-[4-(p-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone; organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; cardiovascular drug; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; serotonergic antagonist |
| khellin Khellin: A vasodilator that also has bronchodilatory action. It has been employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, in the treatment of asthma, and in conjunction with ultraviolet light A, has been tried in the treatment of vitiligo. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1024). khellin : A furanochrome in which the basic tricyclic skeleton is substituted at positions 4 and 9 with methoxy groups and at position 7 with a methyl group. A major constituent of the plant Ammi visnaga it is a herbal folk medicine used for various illnesses, its main effect being as a vasodilator. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | furanochromone; organic heterotricyclic compound; oxacycle | anti-asthmatic agent; bronchodilator agent; cardiovascular drug; vasodilator agent |
| linopirdine linopirdine: acetylcholine releasing drug | 2 | 1 | 0 | indoles | |
| 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione: structure given in first source; SRS-A & guanylate cyclase antagonist. 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione : A quinolone that is quinoline-5,8-dione in which the hydrogen at position 6 is replaced by an anilino group. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | aminoquinoline; aromatic amine; p-quinones; quinolone | antineoplastic agent; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor |
| mechlorethamine nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent |
| mefenamic acid Mefenamic Acid: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase.. mefenamic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a 2,3-dimethylphenyl group. Although classed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, its anti-inflammatory properties are considered to be minor. It is used to relieve mild to moderate pain, including headaches, dental pain, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; secondary amino compound | analgesic; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| methadone Methadone: A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3). methadone : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dextromethadone and levomethadone. It is a opioid analgesic which is used as a painkiller and as a substitute for heroin in the treatment of heroin addiction.. 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one : A ketone that is heptan-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 6 and two phenyl groups at position 4. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; diarylmethane; ketone; tertiary amino compound | |
| methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; psoralens | antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| nocodazole [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes | antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| methyl methanesulfonate [no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | methanesulfonate ester | alkylating agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; genotoxin; mutagen |
| n-methyl-d-glucamine dithiocarbamate N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate: antidote for cadmium intoxication; repeated administration can result in reduction in cadmium levels of kidney & liver; structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mianserin Mianserin: A tetracyclic compound with antidepressant effects. It may cause drowsiness and hematological problems. Its mechanism of therapeutic action is not well understood, although it apparently blocks alpha-adrenergic, histamine H1, and some types of serotonin receptors.. mianserin : A dibenzoazepine (specifically 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo[c,f]pyrazino[1,2-a]azepine) methyl-substituted on N-2. Closely related to (and now mostly superseded by) the tetracyclic antidepressant mirtazapinean, it is an atypical antidepressant used in the treatment of depression throughout Europe and elsewhere. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine agonist; sedative; serotonergic antagonist |
| milrinone [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | bipyridines; nitrile; pyridone | cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| molsidomine Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | ethyl ester; morpholines; oxadiazole; zwitterion | antioxidant; apoptosis inhibitor; cardioprotective agent; nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| n-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide: calmodulin antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes; sulfonic acid derivative | |
| ethylmaleimide Ethylmaleimide: A sulfhydryl reagent that is widely used in experimental biochemical studies. | 4.65 | 28 | 0 | maleimides | anticoronaviral agent; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor |
| nalidixic acid [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 1,8-naphthyridine derivative; monocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic | antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 3.38 | 7 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| niflumic acid Niflumic Acid: An analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | aromatic carboxylic acid; pyridines | |
| nitrendipine Nitrendipine: A calcium channel blocker with marked vasodilator action. It is an effective antihypertensive agent and differs from other calcium channel blockers in that it does not reduce glomerular filtration rate and is mildly natriuretic, rather than sodium retentive.. nitrendipine : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by methyl groups at positions 2 and 6, a 3-nitrophenyl group at position 4, a ethoxycarbonyl group at position 3 and a methoxycarbonyl group at position 5. It is a calcium-channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives; diester; dihydropyridine; ethyl ester; methyl ester | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; vasodilator agent |
| nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin: A volatile vasodilator which relieves ANGINA PECTORIS by stimulating GUANYLATE CYCLASE and lowering cytosolic calcium. It is also sometimes used for TOCOLYSIS and explosives.. nitroglycerol : A nitrate ester that is glycerol in which nitro group(s) replace the hydrogen(s) attached to one or more of the hydroxy groups.. nitroglycerin : A nitroglycerol that is glycerol in which the hydrogen atoms of all three hydroxy groups are replaced by nitro groups. It acts as a prodrug, releasing nitric oxide to open blood vessels and so alleviate heart pain. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | nitroglycerol | explosive; muscle relaxant; nitric oxide donor; prodrug; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| octopamine Octopamine: An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.. octopamine : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is phenol which is substituted at the para- position by a 2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl group. A biogenic phenylethanolamine which has been found to act as a neurotransmitter, neurohormone or neuromodulator in invertebrates. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; tyramines | neurotransmitter |
| oxidopamine Oxidopamine: A neurotransmitter analogue that depletes noradrenergic stores in nerve endings and induces a reduction of dopamine levels in the brain. Its mechanism of action is related to the production of cytolytic free-radicals.. oxidopamine : A benzenetriol that is phenethylamine in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 5 on the phenyl ring are replaced by hydroxy groups. It occurs naturally in human urine, but is also produced as a metabolite of the drug DOPA (used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease). | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | benzenetriol; catecholamine; primary amino compound | drug metabolite; human metabolite; neurotoxin |
| oxotremorine Oxotremorine: A non-hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist used as a research tool. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | N-alkylpyrrolidine | |
| phenobarbital Phenobarbital: A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.. phenobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and phenyl groups. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | barbiturates | anticonvulsant; drug allergen; excitatory amino acid antagonist; sedative |
| oxophenylarsine oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | arsine oxides | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor |
| pindolol Pindolol: A moderately lipophilic beta blocker (ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS). It is non-cardioselective and has intrinsic sympathomimetic actions, but little membrane-stabilizing activity. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmocopoeia, 30th ed, p638). pindolol : A member of the class of indols which is the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl ether derivative of 1H-indol-4-ol. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | indoles; secondary amine | antiglaucoma drug; antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; serotonergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| pirenzepine Pirenzepine: An antimuscarinic agent that inhibits gastric secretion at lower doses than are required to affect gastrointestinal motility, salivary, central nervous system, cardiovascular, ocular, and urinary function. It promotes the healing of duodenal ulcers and due to its cytoprotective action is beneficial in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence. It also potentiates the effect of other antiulcer agents such as CIMETIDINE and RANITIDINE. It is generally well tolerated by patients. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | pyridobenzodiazepine | anti-ulcer drug; antispasmodic drug; muscarinic antagonist |
| potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| ag 1879 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-amine: Fyn kinase inhibitor | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; monochlorobenzenes; pyrazolopyrimidine | beta-adrenergic antagonist; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| prazosin Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.. prazosin : A member of the class of piperazines that is piperazine substituted by a furan-2-ylcarbonyl group and a 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-2-yl group at positions 1 and 4 respectively. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; furans; monocarboxylic acid amide; piperazines; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| propranolol Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | naphthalenes; propanolamine; secondary amine | anti-arrhythmia drug; antihypertensive agent; anxiolytic drug; beta-adrenergic antagonist; environmental contaminant; human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| protoporphyrin ix protoporphyrin IX: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7685. protoporphyrin : A cyclic tetrapyrrole that consists of porphyrin bearing four methyl substituents at positions 3, 8, 13 and 17, two vinyl substituents at positions 7 and 12 and two 2-carboxyethyl substituents at positions 2 and 18. The parent of the class of protoporphyrins. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane 1,6-bis(cyclohexyloximinocarbonyl)hexane: selective inhibitor of canine platelet diglyceride lipase | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; organonitrogen compound | |
| ro 31-8220 Ro 31-8220: a protein kinase C inhibitor | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | imidothiocarbamic ester; indoles; maleimides | EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor |
| dpi 201-106 DPI 201-106: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane | |
| linsidomine linsidomine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | morpholines | |
| sodium fluoride [no description available] | 4.61 | 27 | 0 | fluoride salt | mutagen |
| iodoacetic acid Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.. iodoacetic acid : A haloacetic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group is replaced by an iodine atom. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | haloacetic acid; organoiodine compound | alkylating agent |
| spiperone Spiperone: A spiro butyrophenone analog similar to HALOPERIDOL and other related compounds. It has been recommended in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.. spiperone : An azaspiro compound that is 1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane which is substituted at positions 1, 4, and 8 by phenyl, oxo, and 4-(p-fluorophenyl)-4-oxobutyl groups, respectively. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | aromatic ketone; azaspiro compound; organofluorine compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist; psychotropic drug; serotonergic antagonist |
| sulforaphane sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | isothiocyanate; sulfoxide | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| sulmazole sulmazole: structure given in first source. sulmazole : An imidazopyridine that is 1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine which is substituted at position 2 by a 2-methoxy-4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl group. An A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, it was formerly used as a cardiotonic agent. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | imidazopyridine; sulfoxide | adenosine A1 receptor antagonist; cardiotonic drug; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor |
| sulpiride Sulpiride: A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). sulpiride : A member of the class of benzamides obtained from formal condensation between the carboxy group of 2-methoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid and the primary amino group of (1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methylamine. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; N-alkylpyrrolidine; sulfonamide | antidepressant; antiemetic; antipsychotic agent; dopaminergic antagonist |
| suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug |
| temozolomide [no description available] | 2.9 | 2 | 0 | imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug |
| terazosin Terazosin: induces decreased blood pressure; used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | furans; piperazines; primary amino compound; quinazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; antihypertensive agent; antineoplastic agent |
| terbutaline Terbutaline: A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.. terbutaline : A member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is catechol substituted at position 5 by a 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | phenylethanolamines; resorcinols | anti-asthmatic drug; beta-adrenergic agonist; bronchodilator agent; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent; sympathomimetic agent; tocolytic agent |
| tetracaine Tetracaine: A potent local anesthetic of the ester type used for surface and spinal anesthesia.. tetracaine : A benzoate ester in which 4-N-butylbenzoic acid and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol have combined to form the ester bond; a local ester anaesthetic (ester caine) used for surface and spinal anaesthesia. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; tertiary amino compound | local anaesthetic |
| tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90) | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| 8-(n,n-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate: intracellular calcium antagonist; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | |
| tolbutamide Tolbutamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290). tolbutamide : An N-sulfonylurea that consists of 1-butylurea having a tosyl group attached at the 3-position. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | N-sulfonylurea | human metabolite; hypoglycemic agent; insulin secretagogue; potassium channel blocker |
| trifluoperazine [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | N-alkylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; phenothiazines | antiemetic; calmodulin antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor; phenothiazine antipsychotic drug |
| tyramine [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| w 7 W 7: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure; calmodulin antagonist | 3.49 | 8 | 0 | ||
| mitomycin Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | mitomycin | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| corticosterone [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| reserpine Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.. reserpine : An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid ester; methyl ester; yohimban alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; first generation antipsychotic; plant metabolite; xenobiotic |
| phentolamine Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | imidazoles; phenols; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; vasodilator agent |
| sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol). | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | glucitol | cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent |
| alloxan Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups. | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | pyrimidone | hyperglycemic agent; metabolite |
| thymidine [no description available] | 4.92 | 14 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| thyroxine Thyroxine: The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinated to form TRIIODOTHYRONINE which exerts a broad spectrum of stimulatory effects on cell metabolism.. thyroxine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'-, 5- and 5'-positions. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | 2-halophenol; iodophenol; L-phenylalanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; thyroxine zwitterion; thyroxine | antithyroid drug; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| carbachol Carbachol: A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS. | 4.81 | 33 | 0 | ammonium salt; carbamate ester | cardiotonic drug; miotic; muscarinic agonist; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; non-narcotic analgesic |
| aldosterone [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 11beta-hydroxy steroid; 18-oxo steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; C21-steroid hormone; mineralocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; steroid aldehyde | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| penicillamine Penicillamine: 3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.. penicillamine : An alpha-amino acid having the structure of valine substituted at the beta position with a sulfanyl group. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; penicillamine | antirheumatic drug; chelator; copper chelator; drug allergen |
| estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | 17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 2-acetylaminofluorene 2-Acetylaminofluorene: A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 2-acetamidofluorenes | antimitotic; carcinogenic agent; epitope; mutagen |
| triiodothyronine Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.. 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. | 3.68 | 10 | 0 | 2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone |
| diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | nitrosamine | carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen |
| carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloromethanes | hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant |
| alanine Alanine: A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. alanine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of propionic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | alanine zwitterion; alanine; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | EC 4.3.1.15 (diaminopropionate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite |
| serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. | 5.33 | 16 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 3.54 | 8 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| glutamine Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. | 3.89 | 12 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; glutamine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 6.77 | 25 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor |
| apomorphine Apomorphine: A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic drug; antidyskinesia agent; antiparkinson drug; dopamine agonist; emetic; serotonergic drug |
| aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound | antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| adenosine diphosphate Adenosine Diphosphate: Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position. | 9.64 | 68 | 1 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| uridine [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | uridines | drug metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite |
| bromodeoxyuridine Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | D-galactose; galactopyranose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector |
| tyrosine Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring. | 4.13 | 16 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tyrosine | EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | 4.94 | 37 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt | acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer |
| leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group. | 3.28 | 6 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| methacholine chloride Methacholine Chloride: A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116) | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | quaternary ammonium salt | |
| dimethylnitrosamine Dimethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties. It causes serious liver damage and is a hepatocarcinogen in rodents. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | nitrosamine | geroprotector; mutagen |
| cytidine diphosphate Cytidine Diphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. Synonyms: CRPP; cytidine pyrophosphate. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | cytidine 5'-phosphate; pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| colchicine (S)-colchicine : A colchicine that has (S)-configuration. It is a secondary metabolite, has anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat gout, crystal-induced joint inflammation, familial Mediterranean fever, and many other conditions. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alkaloid; colchicine | anti-inflammatory agent; gout suppressant; mutagen |
| cycloheximide Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus. | 4.42 | 22 | 0 | antibiotic fungicide; cyclic ketone; dicarboximide; piperidine antibiotic; piperidones; secondary alcohol | anticoronaviral agent; bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| egtazic acid Egtazic Acid: A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.. ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid : A diether that is ethylene glycol in which the hydrogens of the hydroxy groups have been replaced by 2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl group respectively. | 3.93 | 13 | 0 | diether; tertiary amino compound; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
| triaziquone Triaziquone: Alkylating antineoplastic agent used mainly for ovarian tumors. It is toxic to skin, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and kidneys.. triaziquone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-benzoquinone in which three of the ring hydrogens are replaced by aziridin-1-yl groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones; aziridines | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent |
| mannitol [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | mannitol | allergen; antiglaucoma drug; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; food anticaking agent; food bulking agent; food humectant; food stabiliser; food thickening agent; hapten; metabolite; osmotic diuretic; sweetening agent |
| cytarabine [no description available] | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; monosaccharide derivative; pyrimidine nucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide | indicator |
| ornithine Ornithine: An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.. ornithine : An alpha-amino acid that is pentanoic acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 5. | 2.94 | 4 | 0 | non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; ornithine | algal metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; mouse metabolite |
| asparagine Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. | 3.11 | 5 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| histidine Histidine: An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.. L-histidine : The L-enantiomer of the amino acid histidine.. histidine : An alpha-amino acid that is propanoic acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3. | 5.79 | 29 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; histidine; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| valine Valine: A branched-chain essential amino acid that has stimulant activity. It promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It is a precursor in the penicillin biosynthetic pathway.. valine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isopropyl group.. L-valine : The L-enantiomer of valine. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid; valine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| threonine Threonine: An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.. threonine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 1-hydroxyethyl group. | 3.56 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; threonine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3. | 5.1 | 8 | 0 | erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan | antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| isoleucine Isoleucine: An essential branched-chain aliphatic amino acid found in many proteins. It is an isomer of LEUCINE. It is important in hemoglobin synthesis and regulation of blood sugar and energy levels.. isoleucine : A 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid having either (2R,3R)- or (2S,3S)-configuration.. L-isoleucine : The L-enantiomer of isoleucine. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; isoleucine; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 8.47 | 76 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| methylamine methyl group : An alkyl group that is the univalent group derived from methane by removal of a hydrogen atom. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | methylamines; one-carbon compound; primary aliphatic amine | mouse metabolite |
| trifluoroethanol Trifluoroethanol: A non-aqueous co-solvent that serves as tool to study protein folding. It is also used in various pharmaceutical, chemical and engineering applications. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | fluoroalcohol | |
| tert-butylhydroperoxide tert-Butylhydroperoxide: A direct-acting oxidative stress-inducing agent used to examine the effects of oxidant stress on Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction in vascular endothelial cells. It is also used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and to introduce peroxy groups into organic molecules.. tert-butyl hydroperoxide : An alkyl hydroperoxide in which the alkyl group is tert-butyl. It is widely used in a variety of oxidation processes. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | alkyl hydroperoxide | antibacterial agent; oxidising agent |
| dimethyl sulfate dimethyl sulfate: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. dimethyl sulfate : The dimethyl ester of sulfuric acid. | 3.06 | 5 | 0 | alkyl sulfate | alkylating agent; immunosuppressive agent |
| cumene hydroperoxide cumene hydroperoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd. cumene hydroperoxide : A peroxol that is cumene in which the alpha-hydrogen is replaced by a hydroperoxy group. | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | peroxol | environmental contaminant; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; oxidising agent |
| taurocholic acid Taurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.. taurocholate : An organosulfonate oxoanion that is the conjugate base of taurocholic acid.. taurocholic acid : A bile acid taurine conjugate of cholic acid that usually occurs as the sodium salt of bile in mammals. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | amino sulfonic acid; bile acid taurine conjugate | human metabolite |
| rotenone Derris: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. The root is a source of rotenoids (ROTENONE) and flavonoids. Some species of Pongamia have been reclassified to this genus and some to MILLETTIA. Some species of Deguelia have been reclassified to this genus.. rotenoid : Members of the class of tetrahydrochromenochromene that consists of a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-b]chromene skeleton and its substituted derivatives. The term was originally restricted to natural products, but is now also used to describe semi-synthetic and fully synthetic compounds. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | organic heteropentacyclic compound; rotenones | antineoplastic agent; metabolite; mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone reductase inhibitor; phytogenic insecticide; piscicide; toxin |
| 9,10-anthraquinone 9,10-anthraquinone : An anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | anthraquinone | |
| gramine gramine : An aminoalkylindole that is indole carrying a dimethylaminomethyl substituent at postion 3. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aminoalkylindole; indole alkaloid; tertiary amino compound | antibacterial agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite; serotonergic antagonist |
| anthranilamide [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | substituted aniline | |
| quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring. | 3.79 | 11 | 0 | xanthene | |
| 4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | butan-4-olide | metabolite; neurotoxin |
| glyoxal [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | agrochemical; allergen; pesticide; plant growth regulator |
| isethionic acid Isethionic Acid: A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.. isethionic acid : An alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | alkanesulfonic acid | human metabolite |
| n-butylamine n-butylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. butan-1-amine : A primary aliphatic amine that is butane substituted by an amino group at position 1. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | |
| pyrroles 1H-pyrrole : A tautomer of pyrrole that has the double bonds at positions 2 and 4.. pyrrole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene comprising one NH and four CH units which forms the parent compound of the pyrrole group of compounds. Its five-membered ring structure has three tautomers. A 'closed class'.. azole : Any monocyclic heteroarene consisting of a five-membered ring containing nitrogen. Azoles can also contain one or more other non-carbon atoms, such as nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. | 2 | 1 | 0 | pyrrole; secondary amine | |
| thiophenes Thiophenes: A monocyclic heteroarene furan in which the oxygen atom is replaced by a sulfur.. thiophenes : Compounds containing at least one thiophene ring. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; thiophenes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | aminoglycoside | allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite |
| meglumine Meglumine: 1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.. N-methylglucamine : A hexosamine that is D-glucitol in which the hydroxy group at position 1 is substituted by the nitrogen of a methylamino group. A crystalline base, it is used in preparing salts of certain acids for use as diagnostic radiopaque media, while its antimonate is used as an antiprotozoal in the treatment of leishmaniasis. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | hexosamine; secondary amino compound | |
| 1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | naphthylamine | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| dodecyl sulfate dodecyl sulfate: RN given refers to parent cpd; see also SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alkyl sulfate | |
| yohimbine Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.. yohimbine : An indole alkaloid with alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist activity. It is produced by Corynanthe johimbe and Rauwolfia serpentina. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | methyl 17-hydroxy-20xi-yohimban-16-carboxylate | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopamine receptor D2 antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| 2-chloroadenosine 5-chloroformycin A: structure given in first source | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| potassium cyanide [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | cyanide salt; one-carbon compound; potassium salt | EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor; EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor; neurotoxin |
| catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | catechin | antioxidant; plant metabolite |
| thiamine pyrophosphate Thiamine Pyrophosphate: The coenzyme form of Vitamin B1 present in many animal tissues. It is a required intermediate in the PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX and the KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX.. thiamine(1+) diphosphate chloride : An organic chloride salt of thiamine(1+) diphosphate. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic chloride salt; vitamin B1 | |
| homoarginine L-homoarginine : An L-lysine derivative that is the L-enantiomer of homoarginine. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | homoarginine; L-lysine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | biomarker; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; human metabolite; rat metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
| indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | indazole | |
| benzoxazoles 1,3-benzoxazole : A benzoxazole in which the benzene ring is fused to a 1,3-oxazole ring across positions 4 and 5.. benzoxazole : Compounds based on a fused 1,2- or 1,3-oxazole and benzene bicyclic ring skeleton. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-benzoxazoles; mancude organic heterobicyclic parent | |
| cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 2 | 1 | 0 | diazine; pyrazines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| muscarine Muscarine: A toxic alkaloid found in Amanita muscaria (fly fungus) and other fungi of the Inocybe species. It is the first parasympathomimetic substance ever studied and causes profound parasympathetic activation that may end in convulsions and death. The specific antidote is atropine. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | monosaccharide | |
| hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | azane; hydrazines | EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor |
| 3-acetylpyridine 3-acetylpyridine: inhibits tremors | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ketone | |
| 4-methylcatechol [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | methylcatechol | antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; hapten; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| rhein [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | |
| emetine Emetine: The principal alkaloid of ipecac, from the ground roots of Uragoga (or Cephaelis) ipecacuanha or U. acuminata, of the Rubiaceae. It is used as an amebicide in many different preparations and may cause serious cardiac, hepatic, or renal damage and violent diarrhea and vomiting. Emetine inhibits protein synthesis in EUKARYOTIC CELLS but not PROKARYOTIC CELLS.. emetine : A pyridoisoquinoline comprising emetam having methoxy substituents at the 6'-, 7'-, 10- and 11-positions. It is an antiprotozoal agent and emetic. It inhibits SARS-CoV2, Zika and Ebola virus replication and displays antimalarial, antineoplastic and antiamoebic properties. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | isoquinoline alkaloid; pyridoisoquinoline | antiamoebic agent; anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; antiviral agent; autophagy inhibitor; emetic; expectorant; plant metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| kainic acid Kainic Acid: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; L-proline derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid | antinematodal drug; excitatory amino acid agonist |
| thiazolidines Thiazolidines: Reduced (protonated) form of THIAZOLES. They can be oxidized to THIAZOLIDINEDIONES. | 2 | 1 | 0 | thiazolidine | |
| mustard gas Mustard Gas: Severe irritant and vesicant of skin, eyes, and lungs. It may cause blindness and lethal lung edema and was formerly used as a war gas. The substance has been proposed as a cytostatic and for treatment of psoriasis. It has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP-85-002, 1985) (Merck, 11th ed).. bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide : An ethyl sulfide that is diethyl sulfide in which a hydrogen from each of the terminal methyl groups is replaced by a chlorine. It is a powerful vesicant regulated under the Chemical Weapons Convention. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | ethyl sulfide; organochlorine compound | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; vesicant |
| cyanogen bromide Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| uridine diphosphate n-acetylglucosamine Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine: Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol : A hydroxytoluene that is o-cresol carrying nitro substituents at positions 4 and 6. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | dinitrophenol acaricide; hydroxytoluene; nitrotoluene | dinitrophenol insecticide; fungicide; herbicide |
| methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | amphetamines; secondary amine | central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 3.4 | 7 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| myristic acid Myristic Acid: A saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils. It is used to synthesize flavor and as an ingredient in soaps and cosmetics. (From Dorland, 28th ed). tetradecanoic acid : A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.. tetradecanoate : A long-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of myristic acid; major species at pH 7.3. | 3.68 | 10 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite |
| trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid; C-nitro compound | epitope; explosive; reagent |
| lithium carbonate Lithium Carbonate: A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | carbonate salt; lithium salt | antimanic drug |
| 4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate 4-Chloromercuribenzenesulfonate: A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | arenesulfonic acid; arylmercury compound | |
| diepoxybutane diepoxybutane: difunctional alkylating agent; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | epoxide | mutagen |
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| 2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate 2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | fundamental metabolite |
| methylnitrosourea Methylnitrosourea: A nitrosourea compound with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-methyl-N-nitrosourea : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by methyl and nitroso groups. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | N-nitrosoureas | alkylating agent; carcinogenic agent; mutagen; teratogenic agent |
| 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide [no description available] | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl Bromide: A chemical reagent that reacts with and modifies chemically the tryptophan portion of protein molecules. Used for 'active site' enzyme studies and other protein studies. Sometimes referred to as Koshland's reagent. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| deoxycytidine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| deoxyuridine [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cytidine diphosphate choline Cytidine Diphosphate Choline: Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphocholines | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| nicotinamide mononucleotide Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: 3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium hydroxide-5'phosphate, inner salt. A nucleotide in which the nitrogenous base, nicotinamide, is in beta-N-glycosidic linkage with the C-1 position of D-ribose. Synonyms: Nicotinamide Ribonucleotide; NMN. | 3.62 | 9 | 0 | nicotinamide mononucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| durapatite Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | alkali metal hydroxide | |
| hydrofluoric acid Hydrofluoric Acid: Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.. hydrogen fluoride : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and fluorine atoms.. organofluorine compound : An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| ammonium hydroxide Ammonium Hydroxide: The hydroxy salt of ammonium ion. It is formed when AMMONIA reacts with water molecules in solution.. ammonium hydroxide : A solution of ammonia in water. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | inorganic hydroxy compound | food acidity regulator |
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| digoxigenin Digoxigenin: 3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.. digoxigenin : A hydroxy steroid that consists of 5beta-cardanolide having a double bond at the 20(22)-position as well as hydroxy groups at the 3beta-, 12beta- and 14beta-positions. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Digitalis. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | 12beta-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-hydroxy steroid; 3beta-sterol | hapten; plant metabolite |
| paraquat Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | organic cation | geroprotector; herbicide |
| 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate 2'-deoxyadenosine triphosphate: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-phosphate; purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
| methionine sulfoximine methionine sulfoximine : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is the sulfoximine derivative of methionine . | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | methionine derivative; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide | |
| amiloride Amiloride: A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705). amiloride : A member of the class of pyrazines resulting from the formal monoacylation of guanidine with the carboxy group of 3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | aromatic amine; guanidines; organochlorine compound; pyrazines | diuretic; sodium channel blocker |
| pimozide Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403). pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound | antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist |
| fucose Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | fucopyranose; L-fucose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| methyl methanethiosulfonate S-methyl methanethiosulfonate : A sulfonic acid derivative obtained by condensaton of methanesulfonic acid with methanethiol. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | sulfonic acid derivative; thiosulfonate ester | metabolite |
| fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | fluorescein isothiocyanate | |
| mannose mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | D-aldohexose; D-mannose; mannopyranose | metabolite |
| dithiothreitol 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol. | 4.78 | 32 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol; butanediols; dithiol; glycol; thiol | chelator; human metabolite; reducing agent |
| streptomycin [no description available] | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| dideoxyadenosine Dideoxyadenosine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is an inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal side effect is nephrotoxicity. In vivo, dideoxyadenosine is rapidly metabolized to DIDANOSINE (ddI) by enzymatic deamination; ddI is then converted to dideoxyinosine monophosphate and ultimately to dideoxyadenosine triphosphate, the putative active metabolite. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; purine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | EC 3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.1 (adenylate cyclase) inhibitor |
| vidarabine adenine arabinoside : A purine nucleoside in which adenine is attached to arabinofuranose via a beta-N(9)-glycosidic bond. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-arabinoside; purine nucleoside | antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; nucleoside antibiotic |
| diadenosine tetraphosphate P(1),P(4)-bis(5'-adenosyl) tetraphosphate : A diadenosyl tetraphosphate compound having the two 5'-adenosyl residues attached at the P(1)- and P(4)-positions. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | diadenosyl tetraphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| o,o-diethyl o-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| n-methylaspartate N-Methylaspartate: An amino acid that, as the D-isomer, is the defining agonist for the NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, NMDA).. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid : An aspartic acid derivative having an N-methyl substituent and D-configuration. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | amino dicarboxylic acid; D-alpha-amino acid; D-aspartic acid derivative; secondary amino compound | neurotransmitter agent |
| lanthanum [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom; scandium group element atom | |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 5.95 | 34 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| mercury Mercury: A silver metallic element that exists as a liquid at room temperature. It has the atomic symbol Hg (from hydrargyrum, liquid silver), atomic number 80, and atomic weight 200.59. Mercury is used in many industrial applications and its salts have been employed therapeutically as purgatives, antisyphilitics, disinfectants, and astringents. It can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes which leads to MERCURY POISONING. Because of its toxicity, the clinical use of mercury and mercurials is diminishing.. mercury(0) : Elemental mercury of oxidation state zero. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | elemental mercury; zinc group element atom | neurotoxin |
| platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 4.96 | 5 | 1 | elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | titanium group element atom | |
| gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom | |
| gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
| aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | aluminium coordination entity | Lewis acid |
| zalcitabine Zalcitabine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by a hydrogen. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication at low concentrations, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA by binding to reverse transcriptase. Its principal toxic side effect is axonal degeneration resulting in peripheral neuropathy.. zalcitabine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having cytosine as the nucleobase. | 2 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antiviral drug; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| mercuric chloride Mercuric Chloride: Mercury chloride (HgCl2). A highly toxic compound that volatizes slightly at ordinary temperature and appreciably at 100 degrees C. It is corrosive to mucous membranes and used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.. mercury dichloride : A mercury coordination entity made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a mercury atom is bonded to two chlorines. Water-soluble, it is highly toxic. Once used in a wide variety of applications, including preserving wood and anatomical specimens, embalming and disinfecting, as an intensifier in photography, as a mordant for rabbit and beaver furs, and freeing gold from lead, its use has markedly declined as less toxic alternatives have been developed. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | mercury coordination entity | sensitiser |
| acetylglucosamine Acetylglucosamine: The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.. N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine : An N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the anomeric centre. | 3.53 | 2 | 0 | N-acetyl-D-glucosamine | epitope |
| hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | chlorine oxoacid; reactive oxygen species | EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite |
| camptothecin NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | delta-lactone; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; quinoline alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; genotoxin; plant metabolite |
| sodium pyrophosphate sodium pyrophosphate: RN refers to diphosphoric acid, tetra-Na salt; structure. sodium diphosphate : An inorganic sodium salt comprised of a diphosphate(4-) anion and four sodium(1+) cations. More commonly known as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, it finds much use in the food industry as an emulsifier and in dental hygiene as a calcium-chelating salt. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | chelator; food emulsifier; food thickening agent |
| potassium nitrate potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | inorganic nitrate salt; potassium salt | fertilizer |
| deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
| fluorine Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | diatomic fluorine; gas molecular entity | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| deuterium oxide Deuterium Oxide: The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes. | 2 | 1 | 0 | deuterated compound; water | NMR solvent |
| ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer |
| 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.. 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan : A benzoxadiazole that is 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole which is substituted at position 4 by chlorine and at position 7 by a nitro group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzoxadiazole; C-nitro compound; organochlorine compound | EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.1.3 (adenosinetriphosphatase) inhibitor; fluorescent probe; fluorochrome |
| barium chloride barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | barium salt; inorganic chloride | potassium channel blocker |
| clodronic acid Clodronic Acid: A diphosphonate which affects calcium metabolism. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification.. clodronic acid : An organochlorine compound that is methylene chloride in which both hydrogens are replaced by phosphonic acid groups. It inhibits bone resorption and soft tissue calcification, and is used (often as the disodium salt tetrahydrate) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe hypercalcaemia associated with malignancy, and in the management of osteolytic lesions and bone pain associated with skeletal metastases. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); one-carbon compound; organochlorine compound | antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent |
| ammonium chloride Ammonium Chloride: An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.. ammonium chloride : An inorganic chloride having ammonium as the counterion. | 3.48 | 8 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic chloride | ferroptosis inhibitor |
| titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | titanium oxides | food colouring |
| tiletamine hydrochloride Cyclohexanones: Cyclohexane ring substituted by one or more ketones in any position.. cyclohexanones : Any alicyclic ketone based on a cyclohexane skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| etorphine Etorphine: A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types. | 7.06 | 42 | 0 | acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator |
| sodium bisulfide sodium bisulfide: RN given refers to sodium sulfide (Na(SH)); see also record for sodium sulfide (Na2S) | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fluorides [no description available] | 4.45 | 23 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic fluorine | |
| mecysteine mecysteine: RN given refers to parent cpd(L)-isomer. methyl L-cysteinate : An L-cysteinyl ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxylic acid group of L-cysteine with methanol. It is used (as the hydrochloride salt) as a mucolytic for the treatment of respiratory disorders associated with productive cough. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | L-cysteinyl ester; primary amino compound; thiol | mucolytic |
| n-n-propylnorapomorphine N-n-propylnorapomorphine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| iodine [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic iodine | human metabolite |
| phosphotyrosine Phosphotyrosine: An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.. O(4)-phospho-L-tyrosine : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-tyrosine phosphorylated at the phenolic hydroxy group. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | L-tyrosine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O(4)-phosphotyrosine | Escherichia coli metabolite; immunogen |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| n-chlorosuccinimide N-chlorosuccinimide : A five-membered cyclic dicarboximide compound having a chloro substituent on the nitrogen atom. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone | |
| 8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.. 8-Br-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the adenine ring. An activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; organobromine compound | antidepressant; protein kinase agonist |
| transferrin Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| tridemorph tridemorph: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure. tridemorph : A mixture of 4-alkyl-2,6-dimethylmorpholines, where 'alkyl' is a mixture of C11 to C14 homologues of which 60-70% is tridecyl. A systemic fungicide, it is no longer approved for use within the European Union.. 2,6-dimethyl-4-tridecylmorpholine : A member of the class of morpholines that is 2,6-dimethylmorpholine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a tridecyl group. The configuration at positions 2 and 6 is unknown or unspecified. | 2 | 1 | 0 | morpholines; tertiary amino compound | antifungal agrochemical |
| calcium oxalate Calcium Oxalate: The calcium salt of oxalic acid, occurring in the urine as crystals and in certain calculi.. calcium oxalate : The calcium salt of oxalic acid, which in excess in the urine may lead to formation of oxalate calculi (kidney stones). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organic calcium salt | |
| glutamic acid Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2. | 5.78 | 28 | 0 | glutamic acid; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; ferroptosis inducer; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter; nutraceutical |
| adenylyl imidodiphosphate Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate: 5'-Adenylic acid, monoanhydride with imidodiphosphoric acid. An analog of ATP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It is a potent competitive inhibitor of soluble and membrane-bound mitochondrial ATPase and also inhibits ATP-dependent reactions of oxidative phosphorylation. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate | |
| torpedo Torpedo: A genus of the Torpedinidae family consisting of several species. Members of this family have powerful electric organs and are commonly called electric rays. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid). | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen |
| azides Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 3.94 | 13 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
| be 2254 BE 2254: produces blockade of central receptors for norepinephrine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | tetralins | |
| paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent |
| etoposide [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | beta-D-glucoside; furonaphthodioxole; organic heterotetracyclic compound | antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor |
| substance p [no description available] | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent |
| propylbenzilylcholine mustard Propylbenzilylcholine Mustard: An analog of benzilylcholine mustard. It is an alkylating nitrogen mustard analog that binds specifically and irreversibly to cholinergic muscarinic receptors and is used as an affinity label to isolate and study the receptors. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ribavirin Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 1-ribosyltriazole; aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; primary carboxamide | anticoronaviral agent; antiinfective agent; antimetabolite; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor |
| phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL which, in addition to being a potent skin tumor promoter, is also an effective activator of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Due to its activation of this enzyme, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate profoundly affects many different biological systems. | 3.48 | 8 | 0 | butyrate ester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone | |
| diltiazem Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate | antihypertensive agent; calcium channel blocker; vasodilator agent |
| 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium: An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.. N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium : A pyridinium ion that is N-methylpyridinium having a phenyl substituent at the 4-position. | 3.07 | 1 | 0 | pyridinium ion | apoptosis inducer; herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; neurotoxin |
| ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension. | 3.49 | 2 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| prenalterol Prenalterol: A partial adrenergic agonist with functional beta 1-receptor specificity and inotropic effect. It is effective in the treatment of acute CARDIAC FAILURE, postmyocardial infarction low-output syndrome, SHOCK, and reducing ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in the SHY-RAGER SYNDROME. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether | |
| enkephalin, methionine Enkephalin, Methionine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from LEU-ENKEPHALIN by the amino acid METHIONINE in position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN. | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | ||
| dihydroalprenolol Dihydroalprenolol: Hydrogenated alprenolol derivative where the extra hydrogens are often tritiated. This radiolabeled form of ALPRENOLOL, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to label the beta-adrenergic receptor for isolation and study. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | ||
| paroxetine Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.. paroxetine : A benzodioxole that consists of piperidine bearing 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)methyl and 4-fluorophenyl substituents at positions 3 and 4 respectively; the (3S,4R)-diastereomer. Highly potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor that binds with high affinity to the serotonin transporter (Ki = 0.05 nM). Ki values are 1.1, 350 and 1100 nM for inhibition of [3H]-5-HT, [3H]-l-NA and [3H]-DA uptake respectively. Displays minimal affinity for alpha1-, alpha2- or beta-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1A, D2 or H1 receptors at concentrations below 1000 nM, however displays weak affinity for muscarinic ACh receptors (Ki = 42 nM). Antidepressant and anxiolytic in vivo. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; benzodioxoles; organofluorine compound; piperidines | antidepressant; anxiolytic drug; hepatotoxic agent; P450 inhibitor; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. | 3.78 | 2 | 1 | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| colforsin Colforsin: Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland. | 5.9 | 100 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; triol | adenylate cyclase agonist; anti-HIV agent; antihypertensive agent; plant metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; protein kinase A agonist |
| buserelin Buserelin: A potent synthetic analog of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE with D-serine substitution at residue 6, glycine10 deletion, and other modifications. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| fomesafen fomesafen: a protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicide. fomesafen : An N-sulfonylcarboxamide that is N-(methylsulfonyl)benzamide in which the phenyl ring is substituted by a nitro group at position 2 and a 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy group at position 5. A protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor, it was specially developed for use (generally as the corresponding sodium salt, fomesafen-sodium) for post-emergence control of broad-leaf weeds in soya. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylcarboxamide; organofluorine compound; phenols | agrochemical; EC 1.3.3.4 (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) inhibitor; herbicide |
| lovastatin Lovastatin: A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.. lovastatin : A fatty acid ester that is mevastatin carrying an additional methyl group on the carbobicyclic skeleton. It is used in as an anticholesteremic drug and has been found in fungal species such as Aspergillus terreus and Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | delta-lactone; fatty acid ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | anticholesteremic drug; antineoplastic agent; Aspergillus metabolite; prodrug |
| idazoxan Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.. idazoxan : A benzodioxine that is 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine in which one of the hydrogens at position 2 has been replaced by a 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl group. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | benzodioxine; imidazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist |
| quinpirole Quinpirole: A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.. quinpirole : A pyrazoloquinoline that is (4aR,8aR)-4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-g]quinoline substituted by a propyl group at position 5. It acts as a dopamine agonist. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | pyrazoloquinoline | dopamine agonist |
| mifepristone Mifepristone: A progestational and glucocorticoid hormone antagonist. Its inhibition of progesterone induces bleeding during the luteal phase and in early pregnancy by releasing endogenous prostaglandins from the endometrium or decidua. As a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, the drug has been used to treat hypercortisolism in patients with nonpituitary CUSHING SYNDROME. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid; acetylenic compound; tertiary amino compound | abortifacient; contraceptive drug; hormone antagonist; synthetic oral contraceptive |
| fura-2 Fura-2: A fluorescent calcium chelating agent which is used to study intracellular calcium in tissues. | 4.07 | 15 | 0 | ||
| duloxetine hydrochloride Duloxetine Hydrochloride: A thiophene derivative and selective NEUROTRANSMITTER UPTAKE INHIBITOR for SEROTONIN and NORADRENALINE (SNRI). It is an ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENT and ANXIOLYTIC, and is also used for the treatment of pain in patients with DIABETES MELLITUS and FIBROMYALGIA.. (S)-duloxetine hydrochloride : A duloxetine hydrochloride in which the duloxetine moiety has S configuration. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | duloxetine hydrochloride | antidepressant |
| irinotecan [no description available] | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; delta-lactone; N-acylpiperidine; pyranoindolizinoquinoline; ring assembly; tertiary alcohol; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| 3-iodobenzylguanidine 3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase. | 3.7 | 10 | 0 | organoiodine compound | |
| adenosine quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit | 11.79 | 48 | 0 | adenosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| potassium phosphate potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | inorganic phosphate salt; inorganic potassium salt | |
| trazodone hydrochloride Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.. trazodone hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt prepared from equimolar amounts of trazodone and hydrogen chloride. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | hydrochloride | adrenergic antagonist; antidepressant; H1-receptor antagonist; sedative; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope; mouse metabolite |
| mevastatin mevastatin: antifungal metabolite from Penicillium brevicopactum; potent inhibitory activity to sterol synthesis; structure. mevastatin : A carboxylic ester that is pravastatin that is lacking the allylic hydroxy group. A hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) isolated from Penicillium citrinum and from Penicillium brevicompactum, its clinical use as a lipid-regulating drug ceased following reports of toxicity in animals. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 2-pyranones; carboxylic ester; hexahydronaphthalenes; polyketide; statin (naturally occurring) | antifungal agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.4.24.83 (anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; Penicillium metabolite |
| n-methylnicotinamide N-methylnicotinamide: structure. N-methylnicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is nicotinamide in which one of the amide hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | pyridinecarboxamide | metabolite |
| thiazolyl blue thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | organic bromide salt | colorimetric reagent; dye |
| 5-methylcytosine 5-Methylcytosine: A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.. 5-methylcytosine : A pyrimidine that is a derivative of cytosine, having a methyl group at the 5-position. | 3.06 | 1 | 0 | methylcytosine; pyrimidines | human metabolite |
| ethyl acetimidate ethyl acetimidate: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | deoxyribonucleoside | |
| metaperiodate Periodic Acid: A strong oxidizing agent. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | iodine oxoacid | |
| aristeromycin aristeromycin: RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,2alpha,3beta,5alpha)-isomer | 6.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| peroxynitric acid [no description available] | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
| glutathione disulfide Glutathione Disulfide: A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | glutathione derivative; organic disulfide | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine 4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | purine nucleoside | |
| 5-methylnicotinamide 5-methylnicotinamide: potentiates cytotoxicity of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| web 2086 WEB 2086: structure given in first source; PAF antagonist | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organonitrogen heterocyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound | |
| naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bromosuccinimide Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,). | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | dicarboximide; organobromine compound; pyrrolidinone | reagent |
| 2,4-diaminopyrimidine 2,6-diaminopyrimidine: structure in first source. pyrimidine-2,4-diamine : An aminopyrimidine in which a pyrimidine nucleus is substituted with amino groups at C-2 and C-4. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | aminopyrimidine | |
| 1,7-phenanthroline [no description available] | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | phenanthroline | |
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 3 | 4 | 0 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| sertraline Sertraline: A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.. sertraline : A member of the class of tetralins that is tetralin which is substituted at positions 1 and 4 by a methylamino and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group, respectively (the S,S diastereoisomer). A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is administered orally as the hydrochloride salt as an antidepressant for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; secondary amino compound; tetralins | antidepressant; serotonin uptake inhibitor |
| n'-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide N'-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide: structure. N-methyl-6-pyridone-3-carboxamide : A pyridone that is 2-pyridone substituted with a carboxamide group at C-5 and a methyl group at N-1. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | methylpyridines; pyridinecarboxamide; pyridone | metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| n-methylscopolamine N-Methylscopolamine: A muscarinic antagonist used to study binding characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptors. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| phorbol-12,13-diacetate phorbol-12,13-diacetate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5-iodo-6-amino-1,2-benzopyrone [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| leupeptin [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; tripeptide | bacterial metabolite; calpain inhibitor; cathepsin B inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.4 (trypsin) inhibitor; serine protease inhibitor |
| ribose-5-phosphate ribose-5-phosphate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | D-ribose 5-phosphate | |
| 12-hydroxydodecanoic acid 12-hydroxylauric acid : A medium-chain fatty acid that is the 12-hydroxylated derivative of lauric acid. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid | human metabolite |
| n-benzylformamide [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | formamides | |
| d-aspartic acid [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aspartic acid; D-alpha-amino acid | mouse metabolite |
| tetramethrin tetramethrin: structure | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | cyclopropanecarboxylate ester; maleimides; phthalimide insecticide | pyrethroid ester insecticide |
| nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine | anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic |
| alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate: do not confuse with beta,gamma-methylene ATP; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-amp 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP: lowers cAMP in heart & fat cells; cAMP-dependent kinase inhibitor. 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic AMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; adenyl ribonucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound | protein kinase agonist |
| n-epsilon-acetyllysine N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine : An N(6)-acyl-L-lysine where the N(6)-acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetyl-L-lysine; amino acid zwitterion; N(6)-acyl-L-lysine | human metabolite |
| n(alpha)-acetyllysine N(alpha)-acetyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. acetyl-L-lysine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetyl derivative of L-lysine.. N(2)-acetyl-L-lysine : An acetyl-L-lysine where the acetyl group is located at the N(2)-posiiton. | 3.53 | 2 | 0 | acetyl-L-lysine; amino acid zwitterion | human metabolite |
| arginine methyl ester arginine methyl ester: RN given refers to (L)-isomer | 2.65 | 3 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester | |
| glycidyl nitrate glycidyl nitrate: a nitric oxide donor; structure in first source. peptidoglycan : A peptidoglycosaminoglycan formed by alternating residues of beta-(1->4)-linked N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid {2-amino-3-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-2-deoxy-D-glucose} residues. Attached to the carboxy group of the muramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dansyl hydrazine [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glucuronic acid Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | D-glucuronic acid | algal metabolite |
| 3-methoxybenzamide [no description available] | 3.68 | 10 | 0 | ||
| kemptide [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| enkephalinamide-met, ala(2)- enkephalinamide-Met, Ala(2)-: synthetic enkephalin analog; | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methyl mannoside, (alpha-d)-isomer methylmannoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; see also record for 3-O-methylmannose. methyl alpha-D-mannoside : A methyl mannoside having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | alpha-D-mannoside; methyl mannoside | |
| cobalt Cobalt: A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.. cobalt(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation obtained from cobalt.. cobalt atom : A cobalt group element atom that has atomic number 27. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; metal allergen | micronutrient |
| p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine p-Methoxy-N-methylphenethylamine: A potent mast cell degranulator. It is involved in histamine release.. N,O-dimethyltyramine : A secondary amino compound that is tyramine in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by a methyl group. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | metabolite |
| 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid: structure in first source | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid | chelator |
| enkephalin, d-penicillamine (2,5)- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-: A disulfide opioid pentapeptide that selectively binds to the DELTA OPIOID RECEPTOR. It possesses antinociceptive activity.. DPDPE : A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide | delta-opioid receptor agonist |
| u 73122 1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione: structure given in first source. U-73122 : An aza-steroid that is 3-O-methyl-17beta-estradiol in which the 17beta-hydroxy group is replaced by a 6-(maleimid-1-yl)hexylamino group. An inibitor of phospholipase C. | 4.03 | 4 | 0 | aromatic ether; aza-steroid; maleimides | EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor |
| 1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| quin2 Quin2: fluorescent highly selective Ca indicator, binding Ca 1:1; structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| s-nitrosoglutathione [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | glutathione derivative; nitrosothio compound | bronchodilator agent; nitric oxide donor; platelet aggregation inhibitor; signalling molecule |
| 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1h-imidazole 1-(2-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propoxy)-4-methoxyphenylethyl)-1H-imidazole: inhibits platelet aggregation & Ca2+ entry into platelets. SKF-96365 free base : An ether that is 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been substituted by a 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl group. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | ether; imidazoles; monomethoxybenzene | TRP channel blocker |
| fluo-3 Fluo-3: fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator; permits continuous monitoring of Ca without interference with use of UV-sensitive caged compounds | 3.79 | 11 | 0 | xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
| paxilline paxilline: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (2R-(2alpha,4bbeta,6aalpha,12bbeta,12calpha,14abeta))-isomer. paxilline : An indole diterpene alkaloid with formula C27H33NO4 isolated from Penicillium paxilli. It is a potent inhibitor of large conductance Ca2(+)- and voltage-activated K(+) (BK)-type channels. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | diterpene alkaloid; enone; organic heterohexacyclic compound; terpenoid indole alkaloid; tertiary alcohol | anticonvulsant; Aspergillus metabolite; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; genotoxin; geroprotector; mycotoxin; Penicillium metabolite; potassium channel blocker |
| beta-n-methylamino-l-alanine beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine: glutamate agonist. L-BMAA : A non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid that is L-alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a methylamino group. A non-proteinogenic amino acid produced by cyanobacteria, it is a neurotoxin that has been postulated as a possible cause of neurodegenerative disorders of aging such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS-PDC) syndrome of Guam. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diamino acid; L-alanine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; secondary amino compound | bacterial metabolite; neurotoxin |
| fura-2-am fura-2-am: pentaester precursor of fura-2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate 3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate | |
| inositol 1-phosphate 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate : An inositol having myo- configuration substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine arginyl-glycyl-aspartyl-serine: corresponds to cell attachment site of fibronectin; located near carboxyl-terminal region of alpha-chain of fibrinogen; inhibits platelet aggregation & fibrinogen binding to activated platelets | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| fr 139317 FR 139317: endothelin receptor A antagonist; structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| enkephalin, ser(2), leu(5), thr(6)- enkephalin, Ser(2), Leu(5), Thr(6)-: specific probe for the delta-opiate receptor subtype in brain membranes | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| afdx 116 otenzepad: cardioselective muscarinic receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzodiazepine | |
| 1,9-dideoxyforskolin [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; labdane diterpenoid; organic heterotricyclic compound | plant metabolite |
| rx 821002 2-methoxyidazoxan: 2-methoxy analog of idazoxan. 2-methoxyidazoxan : A benzodioxine that is idazoxan substituted at position 2 by a methoxy group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxine; cyclic ketal; imidazolines | alpha-adrenergic antagonist |
| kt 5823 KT 5823: indolocarbazole; activates human neutrophils & fails to inhibit cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of vimentin. KT 5823 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of methyl (3R)-3-methoxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2S,3R,5R product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1-methyl-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; methyl ester; organic heterooctacyclic compound | EC 2.7.11.12 (cGMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor |
| 1-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine Platelet Activating Factor: A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.. 2-O-acetyl-1-O-hexadecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine betaine which has hexadecyl as the alkyl group. PAF is a potent phospholipid activator and mediator of many leukocyte functions, including platelet aggregation, inflammation, and anaphylaxis. | 3.59 | 9 | 0 | 2-acetyl-1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | antihypertensive agent; beta-adrenergic antagonist; bronchoconstrictor agent; hematologic agent; vasodilator agent |
| deoxyglucose Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| leucinol leucinol: RN given for (L)-isomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-glyceryloctyl ether 1-glyceryloctyl ether: non-hydrolyzable substrate analog of lipase | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol RV 538: noninactivating inhibitor of ceramide-UDPG glucosyltransferase; RN given for unspecified HCl; structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| valerates Valerates: Derivatives of valeric acid, including its salts and esters. | 2 | 1 | 0 | short-chain fatty acid anion; straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion | plant metabolite |
| 4-bromo-a-23187 4-bromo-A-23187: ionophore with enhanced calcium ion transport specificity | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (304-313): from Bacillus stearothermophilus | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-acetamidobenzamide 3-acetamidobenzamide: inhibitor of ADP-ribosyltransferase | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| luzindole luzindole: melatonin receptor antagonist; structure given in first source. luzindole : A member of the class of indoles that is tryptamine in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group while the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a benzyl group. | 2 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; indoles | melatonin receptor antagonist |
| inositol 2,4,5-trisphosphate [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ester inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ester: RN given refers to the 1,4-bis(dihydrogen phosphate)-5-isomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxybenzylisoproterenol [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| peroxynitrous acid Peroxynitrous Acid: A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES). | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | nitrogen oxoacid | |
| adenophostin a adenophostin A: structure given in first source; an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate agonist isolated from Penicillium brevicompactum | 3.54 | 2 | 0 | disaccharide phosphate | |
| met-enkephalinamide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cdp ethanolamine [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nucleotide-(amino alcohol)s; phosphoethanolamine | mouse metabolite |
| 1,n(6)-ethenoadenosine diphosphate 1,N(6)-ethenoadenosine diphosphate: polarized fluorescence reagents | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 3-iodopindolol 3-iodopindolol: RN given refers to 125I-labeled cpd(-)-isomer; structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-(2-(5-carboxy)oxazole)-5-hydroxy-6-aminobenzofuran-n,n,o-triacetic acid 2-(2-(5-carboxy)oxazole)-5-hydroxy-6-aminobenzofuran-N,N,O-triacetic acid: structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclic adp-ribose Cyclic ADP-Ribose: A pyridine nucleotide that mobilizes CALCIUM. It is synthesized from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by ADP RIBOSE CYCLASE. | 11.98 | 363 | 0 | cyclic purine nucleotide; nucleotide-sugar | metabolite; ryanodine receptor agonist |
| 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone 1-((3,5-dichloro)-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-hexanone: structure given in first source. 1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one : A differentiation-inducing factor that is hexaphenone bearing two chloro substituents at positions 3 and 5, two hydroxy substituents at positions 2 and 6 as well as a single methoxy substituent at position 4. A secreted, chlorinated molecule that controls cell fate during development of Dictyostelium cells. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; differentiation-inducing factor; monomethoxybenzene; resorcinols | eukaryotic metabolite; signalling molecule |
| rmi 12330a RMI 12330A: adenyl cyclase inhibitor in rat liver; RN given refers to (cis)-isomer; NM refers to HCl, (cis)-isomer; structure | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide [no description available] | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| naadp nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate : A nicotinic acid dinucleotide that is NADP(+) in which the carboxamide group on the pyridine ring is replaced by a carboxy group. | 8.42 | 52 | 0 | nicotinic acid dinucleotide | calcium channel agonist; metabolite; signalling molecule |
| glutamyl-valyl-asparaginyl-phenylalanyl-seryl-prolyl-asparaginyl-tryptophanamide [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate glycerophosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate: do not confuse with phosphatidylinositols which have fatty acids esterified at the C-1 and C-2 hydroxyl groups of glycerol | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | ||
| methotrexate [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines | abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent |
| inositol-1,2-cyclic-4,5-triphosphate inositol-1,2-cyclic-4,5-triphosphate: formed upon thrombin stimulation of human platelets | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-methylene thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide beta-methylene thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide: a phosphodiesterase-resistant analog of TAD; structure in first source | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 9-methyl-7-bromoeudistomin d 9-methyl-7-bromoeudistomin D: potent inducer of calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | beta-carbolines | |
| glycero-3-phosphoinositol 4-phosphate glycero-3-phosphoinositol 4-phosphate: structure given in first source; phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C inhibitor | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tryptamine-4,5-dione tryptamine-4,5-dione: structure given in first source | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mag-fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester Mag-Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester: used to measure intracellular free magnesium concentration | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| way 123398 WAY 123398: structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| t 588 T 588: a neuroprotective agent; structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thrombin receptor peptide sfllrnp thrombin receptor peptide SFLLRNP: a synthetic peptide that induces early events of T cell activation and synergizes with TCR cross-linking for CD69 expression & interleukin-2 production; thrombin receptor agonist; do not confuse with TRAP peptide | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| omega-n-methylarginine omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.. N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative with a N(omega)-methyl substituent. | 4.18 | 5 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; arginine derivative; guanidines; L-arginine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-1(2h)-isoquinolinone 3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-1(2H)-isoquinolinone: structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| peptide elongation factor 2 Peptide Elongation Factor 2: Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. | 9.17 | 96 | 0 | ||
| ribulose ribulose: 5-carbon keto sugar; minor descriptor (75-85); on-line & Index Medicus search PENTOSES (75-85); RN given refers to (erythro)-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ribulose | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| gulonic acid gulonic acid: RN given refers to (D)-isomer. gulonic acid : A hexonic acid formed by oxidising the aldehyde group of gulose to a carboxylic acid group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | gulonic acid | |
| phorbols Phorbols: The parent alcohol of the tumor promoting compounds from CROTON OIL (Croton tiglium). | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | diterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent | |
| hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent. | 3.78 | 3 | 0 | oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species | |
| ag 3-5 icilin: a cooling compound that activates TRPM8 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound | |
| carbanicotinamide adenine dinucleotide carbanicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: structure given in first source | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | ||
| n-palmitoyl-5,6-dipalmitoylcysteinyl-alanyl-glycine N-palmitoyl-5,6-dipalmitoylcysteinyl-alanyl-glycine: structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nicotinamide 2-azidoadenine dinucleotide [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| adenylyl-(3'-5')-uridine 3'-monophosphate [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| histidinol L-histidinol : An amino alcohol that is propanol substituted by 1H-imidazol-4-yl group at position 3 and an amino group at position 2 (the 2S stereoisomer). | 2 | 1 | 0 | amino alcohol; imidazoles | EC 2.3.1.97 (glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| diadenosine triphosphate [no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | diadenosyl triphosphate | mouse metabolite |
| nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide: intermediate in the biosynthesis of NAD | 4.2 | 5 | 0 | nicotinic acid dinucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate [no description available] | 3.76 | 3 | 0 | ||
| nicotinamide 1,n(6)-ethenoadenine dinucleotide nicotinamide 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine dinucleotide: structure | 3.48 | 8 | 0 | ||
| angiotensin ii, sar(1)-val(5)- angiotensin II, Sar(1)-Val(5)-: RN given refers to L-Val | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| angiotensin ii Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V). | 4.23 | 18 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; angiotensin II | human metabolite |
| atropine tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | ||
| 2-nitrophenyl-egta 2-nitrophenyl-EGTA: a photolabile chelator that selectively binds Ca(2+) with high affinity & releases it rapidly upon photolysis; structure given in first source; azid-1 is a caged calcium in which a fluorescent calcium indicator, fura-2, has been modified with an azide substituent on the benzofuran 3-position | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 2'-deoxynicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [no description available] | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
| nicotinamide arabinoside adenine dinucleotide nicotinamide arabinoside adenine dinucleotide: RN refers to (alpha)-isomer | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | dinucleotide | |
| n-(4-isothiocyanatophenethyl)spiperone N-(4-isothiocyanatophenethyl)spiperone: structure given in first source | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| deoxycholic acid Deoxycholic Acid: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.. deoxycholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | bile acid; C24-steroid; dihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid | human blood serum metabolite |
| 3-nitrotyrosine 3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2-nitrophenols; C-nitro compound; nitrotyrosine; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid | |
| 2-(4-fluorobenzoylamino)benzoic acid methyl ester 2-(4-fluorobenzoylamino)benzoic acid methyl ester: structure in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | benzamides | |
| wortmannin [no description available] | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound | anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent |
| dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carboplatin [no description available] | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lithium chloride Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | inorganic chloride; lithium salt | antimanic drug; geroprotector |
| glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate: An aldotriose which is an important intermediate in glycolysis and in tryptophan biosynthesis.. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate : An aldotriose phosphate that is the 3-phospho derivative of glyceraldehyde. It is an important metabolic intermediate in several central metabolic pathways in all organisms. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | mouse metabolite |
| 5'-methylthioadenosine 5'-methylthioadenosine: structure. 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | thioadenosine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| arabinose [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | L-arabinose | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| mannose-6-phosphate beta-D-mannose 6-phosphate : A D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | D-mannopyranose 6-phosphate | |
| bradykinin [no description available] | 4.23 | 18 | 0 | oligopeptide | human blood serum metabolite; vasodilator agent |
| glucosamine D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | D-glucosamine | Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; mouse metabolite |
| mevalonic acid Mevalonic Acid: A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid and precursor in the biosynthetic pathway known as the mevalonate pathway, which produces terpenes and steroids that are vital for diverse cellular functions.. mevalonic acid : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-mevalonic acid.. (R)-mevalonic acid : The (R)-enantiomer of mevalonic acid. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 3,5-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid | |
| cytidine diphosphate glycerol cytidine diphosphate glycerol: acts as a donor of glycerol residues for teichoic acid synthesis; acyl derivatives are involved in phospholipid synthesis; minor descriptor (75-83); on-line Index Medicus search NUCLEOSIDE DIPHOSPHATE SUGARS (75-83); RN given refers to (S)-isomer. CDP-glycerol : A nucleotide-alditol having cytidine-5'-diphosphate and glycerol as the nucleotide and alditol components respectively. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | nucleotide-alditol | |
| oxytocin Oxytocin: A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.. oxytocin : A cyclic nonapeptide hormone with amino acid sequence CYIQNCPLG that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain; the principal uterine-contracting and milk-ejecting hormone of the posterior pituitary. Together with the neuropeptide vasopressin, it is believed to influence social cognition and behaviour. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | heterodetic cyclic peptide; peptide hormone | oxytocic; vasodilator agent |
| dithioerythritol [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol | reducing agent |
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin. | 9.16 | 112 | 0 | myo-inositol trisphosphate | mouse metabolite |
| ouabain Ouabain: A cardioactive glycoside consisting of rhamnose and ouabagenin, obtained from the seeds of Strophanthus gratus and other plants of the Apocynaceae; used like DIGITALIS. It is commonly used in cell biological studies as an inhibitor of the NA(+)-K(+)-EXCHANGING ATPASE.. cardiac glycoside : Steroid lactones containing sugar residues that act on the contractile force of the cardiac muscles.. ouabain : A steroid hormone that is a multi-hydroxylated alpha-L-rhamnosyl cardenoloide. It binds to and inhibits the plasma membrane Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (sodium pump). It has been isolated naturally from Strophanthus gratus. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 11alpha-hydroxy steroid; 14beta-hydroxy steroid; 5beta-hydroxy steroid; alpha-L-rhamnoside; cardenolide glycoside; steroid hormone | anti-arrhythmia drug; cardiotonic drug; EC 2.3.3.1 [citrate (Si)-synthase] inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.10 (H(+)/K(+)-exchanging ATPase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; ion transport inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| puromycin [no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | puromycins | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| tosylphenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone: An inhibitor of Serine Endopeptidases. Acts as alkylating agent and is known to interfere with the translation process.. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone : The N-tosyl derivative of L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | alpha-chloroketone; sulfonamide | alkylating agent; serine proteinase inhibitor |
| n-formylmethionine N-formyl-L-methionine : A L-methionine derivative in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a formyl group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | L-methionine derivative; N-formyl amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | metabolite |
| nicotinamide-beta-riboside N-ribosylnicotinamide : A pyridine nucleoside consisting of nicotinamide with a beta-D-ribofuranosyl moiety at the 1-position. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | N-glycosylnicotinamide; pyridine nucleoside | geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| nitroarginine Nitroarginine: An inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase which has been shown to prevent glutamate toxicity. Nitroarginine has been experimentally tested for its ability to prevent ammonia toxicity and ammonia-induced alterations in brain energy and ammonia metabolites. (Neurochem Res 1995:200(4):451-6). N(gamma)-nitro-L-arginine : An L-arginine derivative that is L-arginine in which the terminal nitrogen of the guanidyl group is replaced by a nitro group. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | guanidines; L-arginine derivative; N-nitro compound; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid | |
| adenosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate): RN given refers to cpd with unspecified locant for thio group; see also records for 1-thio & 2-thio-isomers. adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is ATP in which one of the oxygens attached to 3-phosphate group is replaced by sulfur. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | cinchona alkaloid | alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker |
| monensin Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; monocarboxylic acid; polyether antibiotic; spiroketal | antifungal agent; coccidiostat; ionophore |
| phalloidine Phalloidine: Very toxic polypeptide isolated mainly from AMANITA phalloides (Agaricaceae) or death cup; causes fatal liver, kidney and CNS damage in mushroom poisoning; used in the study of liver damage.. phalloidin : A homodetic bicyclic heptapeptide having a sulfide bridge. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | homodetic cyclic peptide | |
| ryanodine Ryanodine: A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.. ryanodine : An insecticide alkaloid isolated from South American plant Ryania speciosa. | 6.44 | 56 | 0 | ||
| phorbol phorbol: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9b beta))-isomer; synonym isophorbol refers to (4a alpha)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7143. phorbol : A diterpenoid with the structure of tigliane hydroxylated at C-4, -9, -12(beta), -13 and -20, with an oxo group at C-3 and unsaturation at the 1- and 6-positions. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | cyclic ketone; enone; tertiary alcohol; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid | |
| n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor. | 6.14 | 42 | 0 | tripeptide | |
| devazepide Devazepide: A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.. devazepide : An indolecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of indole-2-carboxylic acid with the exocyclic amino group of (3S)-3-amino-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. A cholecystokinin antagonist used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-benzodiazepinone; indolecarboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; cholecystokinin antagonist; gastrointestinal drug |
| diprenorphine Diprenorphine: A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine. | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| tretinoin Tretinoin: An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).. retinoic acid : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).. all-trans-retinoic acid : A retinoic acid in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry. | 5.87 | 13 | 0 | retinoic acid; vitamin A | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; AP-1 antagonist; human metabolite; keratolytic drug; retinoic acid receptor agonist; retinoid X receptor agonist; signalling molecule |
| arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid. | 5.33 | 18 | 0 | icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid | Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| farnesol Farnesol: A colorless liquid extracted from oils of plants such as citronella, neroli, cyclamen, and tuberose. It is an intermediate step in the biological synthesis of cholesterol from mevalonic acid in vertebrates. It has a delicate odor and is used in perfumery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed). (2-trans,6-trans)-farnesol : The (2-trans,6-trans)-stereoisomer of farnesol.. farnesol : A farnesane sesquiterpenoid that is dodeca-2,6,10-triene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 11 and a hydroxy group at position 1. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | farnesol | plant metabolite |
| resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| tacrolimus Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.. tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. | 3.61 | 9 | 0 | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| cocaine Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.. cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid | adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic |
| thapsigargin Thapsigargin: A sesquiterpene lactone found in roots of THAPSIA. It inhibits SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM-TRANSPORTING ATPASES.. thapsigargin : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a hexa-oxygenated 6,7-guaianolide isolated fron the roots of Thapsia garganica L., Apiaceae. A potent skin irritant, it is used in traditional medicine as a counter-irritant. Thapsigargin inhibits Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase mediated uptake of calcium ions into sarcoplasmic reticulum and is used in experimentation examining the impacts of increasing cytosolic calcium concentrations. | 4.56 | 25 | 0 | butyrate ester; organic heterotricyclic compound; sesquiterpene lactone | calcium channel blocker; EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor |
| s-hydroxymethylglutathione S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione : An S-substituted glutathione that is glutathione in which the mercapto hydrogen has been replaced by a hydroxymethyl group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | S-substituted glutathione | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| y 27632 Y 27632: RN given for di-HCl salt; inhibits Rho-associated protein kinase; inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation; structure in first source. Y-27632 : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is trans-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide in which one of the nitrogens of the aminocarbony group is substituted by a pyridine nucleus. It has been shown to exhibit inhibitory activity against Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enzyme. | 2 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amide | |
| adenosine-5'-(n-ethylcarboxamide) Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide): A stable adenosine A1 and A2 receptor agonist. Experimentally, it inhibits cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterase activity.. N-ethyl-5'-carboxamidoadenosine : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by an N-ethylcarboxamido group. | 2.88 | 4 | 0 | adenosines; monocarboxylic acid amide | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; adenosine A2A receptor agonist; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| prostaglandin d2 Prostaglandin D2: The principal cyclooxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid. It is released upon activation of mast cells and is also synthesized by alveolar macrophages. Among its many biological actions, the most important are its bronchoconstrictor, platelet-activating-factor-inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects.. prostaglandin D2 : A member of the class of prostaglandins D that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9 and 15 and an oxo group at position 11 (the 5Z,9alpha,13E,15S- stereoisomer). | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | prostaglandins D | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| h 89 N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide: structure given in first source. N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is the sulfonamide obtained by formal condensation of the sulfo group of isoquinoline-5-sulfonic acid with the primary amino group of N(1)-[3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]ethane-1,2-diamine. It is a protein kinase A inhibitor.. (E)-N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide : A N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide in which the double bond adopts a trans-configuration. | 2 | 1 | 0 | N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide | |
| phorbol-12,13-didecanoate phorbol-12,13-didecanoate: RN given refers to (1aR-(1a alpha,1b beta,4a beta,7a alpha,7b alpha,8 alpha,9 beta,9a alpha))-isomer | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| kt 5720 KT 5720: indolocarbazole; synthetic derivative of K 252a. KT 5720 : An organic heterooctacyclic compound that is 1H,1'H-2,2'-biindole in which the nitrogens have undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 2 and 5 of hexyl (3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate (the 2R,3S,5S product), and in which the 3 and 3' positions of the biindole moiety have also undergone formal oxidative coupling to positions 3 and 4 of 1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one. | 2 | 1 | 0 | carboxylic ester; gamma-lactam; hemiaminal; indolocarbazole; organic heterooctacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative; tertiary alcohol | EC 2.7.11.11 (cAMP-dependent protein kinase) inhibitor |
| dactinomycin Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015) | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | actinomycin | mutagen |
| tiazofurin tiazofurin: RN given refers to (beta-D)-isomer; structure given in first source. tiazofurine : A C-glycosyl compound that is 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group. It is metabolised to thiazole-4-carboxamide adenine dinucleotide (TAD), a selective inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMP dehydrogenase). | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; C-glycosyl compound; monocarboxylic acid amide | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; prodrug |
| aphidicolin Aphidicolin: An antiviral antibiotic produced by Cephalosporium aphidicola and other fungi. It inhibits the growth of eukaryotic cells and certain animal viruses by selectively inhibiting the cellular replication of DNA polymerase II or the viral-induced DNA polymerases. The drug may be useful for controlling excessive cell proliferation in patients with cancer, psoriasis or other dermatitis with little or no adverse effect upon non-multiplying cells.. aphidicolin : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that has an tetradecahydro-8,11a-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene skeleton with two hydroxymethyl substituents at positions 4 and 9, two methyl substituents at positions 4 and 11b and two hydroxy substituents at positions 3 and 9. An antibiotic with antiviral and antimitotical properties. Aphidicolin is a reversible inhibitor of eukaryotic nuclear DNA replication. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | tetracyclic diterpenoid | antimicrobial agent; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; apoptosis inducer; Aspergillus metabolite; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite |
| enkephalin, leucine Enkephalin, Leucine: One of the endogenous pentapeptides with morphine-like activity. It differs from MET-ENKEPHALIN in the LEUCINE at position 5. Its first four amino acid sequence is identical to the tetrapeptide sequence at the N-terminal of BETA-ENDORPHIN.. Leu-enkephalin : A pentapeptide comprising L-tyrosine, glycine, glycine, L-phenylalanine and L-leucine residues joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is an endogenous opioid peptide produced in vertebrate species, including rodents, primates and humans that results from decomposition of proenkephalin or dynorphin and exhibits antinociceptive properties. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | pentapeptide; peptide zwitterion | analgesic; delta-opioid receptor agonist; human metabolite; mu-opioid receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; rat metabolite |
| sodium perchlorate sodium perchlorate : An inorganic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and perchlorate ions. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | |
| bromochloroacetic acid Keratins: A class of fibrous proteins or scleroproteins that represents the principal constituent of EPIDERMIS; HAIR; NAILS; horny tissues, and the organic matrix of tooth ENAMEL. Two major conformational groups have been characterized, alpha-keratin, whose peptide backbone forms a coiled-coil alpha helical structure consisting of TYPE I KERATIN and a TYPE II KERATIN, and beta-keratin, whose backbone forms a zigzag or pleated sheet structure. alpha-Keratins have been classified into at least 20 subtypes. In addition multiple isoforms of subtypes have been found which may be due to GENE DUPLICATION.. bromochloroacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by bromine while a second is replaced by chlorine. A low-melting (27.5-31.5degreeC), hygroscopic crystalline solid, it can be formed during the disinfection (by chlorination) of water that contains bromide ions and organic matter, so can occur in drinking water as a byproduct of the disinfection process. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 2-bromocarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid; organochlorine compound | |
| alpha-asarone asarone: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #847. asarone : A phenylpropanoid that is benzene substituted by methoxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 4 and a propen-1-yl group at position 5. It has been isolated from Acorus.. alpha-asarone : The trans-isomer of asarone. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | asarone | anticonvulsant; GABA modulator |
| glycosides [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| isomethyleugenol Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 6.26 | 15 | 0 | isomethyleugenol | |
| phenyl-n-tert-butylnitrone phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone: a spin-trapping agent | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| isochaihulactone isochaihulactone: has antineoplastic activity; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| flavin-adenine dinucleotide Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972) | 3.27 | 6 | 0 | flavin adenine dinucleotide; vitamin B2 | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; prosthetic group |
| malonyl coenzyme a Malonyl Coenzyme A: A coenzyme A derivative which plays a key role in the fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasmic and microsomal systems.. omega-carboxyacyl-CoA : An acyl-CoA that results from the formal condensation of the thiol group of coenzyme A with one of the carboxy groups of any alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | malonyl-CoAs | EC 2.3.1.21 (carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| arginine vasopressin Arginine Vasopressin: The predominant form of mammalian antidiuretic hormone. It is a nonapeptide containing an ARGININE at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. Arg-vasopressin is used to treat DIABETES INSIPIDUS or to improve vasomotor tone and BLOOD PRESSURE.. argipressin : The predominant form of mammalian vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone). It is a nonapeptide containing an arginine at residue 8 and two disulfide-linked cysteines at residues of 1 and 6. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | vasopressin | cardiovascular drug; hematologic agent; mitogen |
| pyrophosphate Diphosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid that contain two phosphate groups. | 3.51 | 8 | 0 | diphosphate ion | |
| palmitoyl coenzyme a Palmitoyl Coenzyme A: A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.. palmitoyl-CoA : A long-chain fatty acyl-CoA resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of hexadecanoic acid with the thiol group of coenzyme A. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 11,12-saturated fatty acyl-CoA; 3-substituted propionyl-CoA; long-chain fatty acyl-CoA; palmitoyl bioconjugate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| polidocanol Polidocanol: An alkyl polyglycol ether of LAURYL ALCOHOL, chemically defined as an alcohol ethoxylate having an average alkyl chain of 12–14 carbon atoms, and an ethylene oxide chain of 9 ethylene oxide units. It is used as a detergent, and medically as a local anesthetic, and as a sclerosing agent for the treatment of ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC VARICES and VARICOSE VEINS.. polidocanol : A hydroxypolyether that is nonaethylene glycol in which one of the terminal hydroxy functions is substituted by a lauryl (dodecyl) group. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | hydroxypolyether | hepatotoxic agent; nonionic surfactant; sclerotherapy agent |
| adenophostin b adenophostin B: structure given in first source; an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate agonist isolated from Penicillium brevicompactum | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | disaccharide phosphate | |
| propylthiouracil Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidinethione | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antimetabolite; antioxidant; antithyroid drug; carcinogenic agent; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; hormone antagonist |
| n(6)-cyclopentyladenosine [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thioinosine Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503) | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | 2.76 | 2 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger |
| methimazole Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thiones | antithyroid drug |
| cinnarizine Cinnarizine: A piperazine derivative having histamine H1-receptor and calcium-channel blocking activity with vasodilating and antiemetic properties but it induces PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS. | 2 | 1 | 0 | diarylmethane; N-alkylpiperazine; olefinic compound | anti-allergic agent; antiemetic; calcium channel blocker; geroprotector; H1-receptor antagonist; histamine antagonist; muscarinic antagonist |
| capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | capsaicinoid | non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide: partial structure given in first source; endothelium-derived relaxing factor antagonist | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tamoxifen [no description available] | 3.77 | 2 | 1 | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator |
| nadp [no description available] | 9.55 | 108 | 0 | ||
| valinomycin Valinomycin: A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.. valinomycin : A twelve-membered cyclodepsipeptide composed of three repeating D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleryl-D-valyl-L-lactoyl-L-valyl units joined in sequence. An antibiotic found in several Streptomyces strains. | 2 | 1 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide; macrocycle | antimicrobial agent; antiviral agent; bacterial metabolite; potassium ionophore |
| lithium Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER. | 4.87 | 8 | 1 | alkali metal atom | |
| cobaltous chloride cobaltous chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; RN in Chemline for cobalt trichloride: 10241-04-0; RN for 60-labeled cpd: 14543-09-0; RN for 57-labeled cpd: 164113-89-1; RN for 58-labeled cpd: 29377-09-1; structure. cobalt dichloride : A cobalt salt in which the cobalt metal is in the +2 oxidation state and the counter-anion is chloride. It is used as an indicator for water in desiccants. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | cobalt salt; inorganic chloride | allergen; calcium channel blocker; sensitiser; two-colour indicator |
| 6-thioguanosine 5'-diphosphate [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide phosphate [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phosphoadenosine diphosphoribose phosphoadenosine diphosphoribose: RN given refers to (D-ribofuranose)-cpd; N1 refers to (beta-D-ribofuranose)-isomer | 5.15 | 15 | 0 | ||
| 2'-(5''-phosphoribosyl)-5'-adenosine monophosphate 2'-(5''-phosphoribosyl)-5'-adenosine monophosphate: monomer of polyADP ribose. 2'-(5-phosphoribosyl)-5'-AMP : An AMP-sugar in which the 2'-hydroxy group of AMP carries a 5-phospho-beta-D-ribosyl substituent. Monomer unit of poly(ADP-Rib) [poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose)]. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | AMP-sugar | |
| thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [no description available] | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-n-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine: A2 adenosine receptor agonist; structure given in first source. CGS-21680 : A derivative of adenosine in which the 5'-hydroxymethyl group is replaced by N-ethylcarboxamido and the hydrogen at position 2 on the adenine is replaced by a 4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino group. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | adenosines; dicarboxylic acid monoamide; monocarboxylic acid | adenosine A2A receptor agonist; anti-inflammatory agent |
| phosphothreonine Phosphothreonine: The phosphoric acid ester of threonine. Used as an identifier in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and enzymes.. O-phospho-L-threonine : A L-threonine derivative phosphorylated at the side-chain hydroxy function. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | L-threonine derivative; non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid; O-phosphoamino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | organic sodium salt | detergent; protein denaturant |
| crocin crocin: a free radical scavenger | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chloramine-t chloramine-T: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd. chloramine T : An organic sodium salt derivative of toluene-4-sulfonamide with a chloro substituent in place of an amino hydrogen. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | allergen; antifouling biocide; disinfectant |
| 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione: A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | quinoxaline derivative | |
| alpha-chymotrypsin Chymotrypsin: A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side. | 3.58 | 9 | 0 | ||
| thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [no description available] | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate | |
| 1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [no description available] | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| myelin basic protein Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes. | 3.99 | 4 | 0 | ||
| merbarone merbarone: structure given in first source | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins. | 4.22 | 18 | 0 | prostaglandins E | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic |
| dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor. | 3.22 | 6 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| calcitriol dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxycalciol; triol | antineoplastic agent; antipsoriatic; bone density conservation agent; calcium channel agonist; calcium channel modulator; hormone; human metabolite; immunomodulator; metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| vitamin k semiquinone radical vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors. | 3.77 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 11-cis-retinal Rhodopsin: A purplish-red, light-sensitive pigment found in RETINAL ROD CELLS of most vertebrates. It is a complex consisting of a molecule of ROD OPSIN and a molecule of 11-cis retinal (RETINALDEHYDE). Rhodopsin exhibits peak absorption wavelength at about 500 nm.. 11-cis-retinal : A retinal having 2E,4Z,6E,8E-double bond geometry. | 6.56 | 27 | 0 | retinal | chromophore; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent |
| 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid: A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5.. all-cis-icosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid : An icosatrienoic acid having three cis double bonds at positions 8, 11 and 14. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | fatty acid 20:3; long-chain fatty acid | fungal metabolite; human metabolite; nutraceutical |
| alprostadil [no description available] | 4.49 | 24 | 0 | prostaglandins E | anticoagulant; human metabolite; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone | geroprotector; human metabolite |
| rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | antioxidant; metabolite |
| 6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha: The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue.. 6-oxoprostaglandin F1alpha : A prostaglandin Falpha that is prostaglandin F1alpha bearing a keto substituent at the 6-position. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | prostaglandins Falpha | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| genistein [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| hyperoside quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | beta-D-galactoside; monosaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glycoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid: A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | stilbenoid | |
| thromboxane b2 Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | thromboxanes B | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid: stimulator of renal sodium, potassium atpase; RN given is for the (all-Z) isomer. 20-HETE : A HETE that consists of arachidonic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 20. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | HETE; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal: cytotoxic product from peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4-hydroxynon-2-enal : An enal consisting of non-2-ene having an oxo group at the 1-position and a hydroxy group at the 4-position.. 4-hydroxynonenal : A monounsaturated fatty aldehyde that is nonanal that has undergone dehydrogenation to introduce a double bond at any position in the aliphatic chain and in which a hydrogen at position 4 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | 4-hydroxynon-2-enal; 4-hydroxynonenal | |
| naloxone Naloxone: A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.. naloxone : A synthetic morphinane alkaloid that is morphinone in which the enone double bond has been reduced to a single bond, the hydrogen at position 14 has been replaced by a hydroxy group, and the methyl group attached to the nitrogen has been replaced by an allyl group. A specific opioid antagonist, it is used (commonly as its hydrochloride salt) to reverse the effects of opioids, both following their use of opioids during surgery and in cases of known or suspected opioid overdose. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary alcohol | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist |
| sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol | antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor |
| brefeldin a [no description available] | 4.3 | 19 | 0 | macrolide antibiotic | Penicillium metabolite |
| morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound | anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic |
| goserelin Goserelin: A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer. | 2 | 1 | 0 | organic molecular entity | |
| iloprost Iloprost: An eicosanoid, derived from the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. It is a stable and synthetic analog of EPOPROSTENOL, but with a longer half-life than the parent compound. Its actions are similar to prostacyclin. Iloprost produces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation.. iloprost : A carbobicyclic compound that is prostaglandin I2 in which the endocyclic oxygen is replaced by a methylene group and in which the (1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl side chain is replaced by a (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-en-6-yn-1-yl group. A synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, it is used as the trometamol salt (generally by intravenous infusion) for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; secondary alcohol | platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| enprostil Enprostil: A synthetic PGE2 analog that has an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion, a mucoprotective effect, and a postprandial lowering effect on gastrin. It has been shown to be efficient and safe in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lysophosphatidic acid lysophosphatidic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate : A 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate having oleoyl as the 1-O-acyl group.. lysophosphatidic acid : A member of the class of lysophosphatidic acids obtained by hydrolytic removal of one of the two acyl groups of any phosphatidic acid. A 'closed' class. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | |
| lysophosphatidylcholines lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 1-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| mitoguazone Mitoguazone: Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.. mitoguazone : A hydrazone obtained by formal condensation of the two carbonyl groups of methylglyoxal with the primary amino groups of two molecules of aminoguanidine. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | guanidines; hydrazone | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 4.1.1.50 (adenosylmethionine decarboxylase) inhibitor |
| lead Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.2, symbol Pb. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | carbon group element atom; elemental lead; metal atom | neurotoxin |
| 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid: A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51) | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4-amylcinnamoylanthranilic acid 4-amylcinnamoylanthranilic acid: phospholipase A2 inhibitor. N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid : An amidobenzoic acid that is anthranilic acid in which one of the anilino hydrogens is replaced by a 4-pentylcinnamoyl group. It is a transient receptor potential (TRP) channel blocker and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor. | 3.33 | 6 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid; cinnamamides; secondary carboxamide | EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor; TRP channel blocker |
| 15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid 15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid: A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110) | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium | |
| rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98. | 3.77 | 11 | 0 | boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom | |
| levorphanol Levorphanol: A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | morphinane alkaloid | |
| strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | alkaline earth metal atom | |
| arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | metalloid atom; pnictogen | micronutrient |
| naltrexone Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.. naltrexone : An organic heteropentacyclic compound that is naloxone substituted in which the allyl group attached to the nitrogen is replaced by a cyclopropylmethyl group. A mu-opioid receptor antagonist, it is used to treat alcohol dependence. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | cyclopropanes; morphinane-like compound; organic heteropentacyclic compound | antidote to opioid poisoning; central nervous system depressant; environmental contaminant; mu-opioid receptor antagonist; xenobiotic |
| sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine 1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl). | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; phosphatidylcholine 28:0; tetradecanoate ester | antigen; mouse metabolite |
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 6.88 | 37 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen | macronutrient |
| chlornaltrexamine chlornaltrexamine: RN given refers to (5alpha,6beta)-isomer | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| enkephalin-met, ala(2)- enkephalin-Met, Ala(2)-: synthetic analog of methionine enkephalin | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pregabalin Pregabalin: A gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivative that functions as a CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER and is used as an ANTICONVULSANT as well as an ANTI-ANXIETY AGENT. It is also used as an ANALGESIC in the treatment of NEUROPATHIC PAIN and FIBROMYALGIA.. pregabalin : A gamma-amino acid that is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) carrying an isobutyl substitutent at the beta-position (the S-enantiomer). Binds with high affinity to the alpha2-delta site (an auxiliary subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels) in central nervous system tissues. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | gamma-amino acid | anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker |
| naltrindole naltrindole: delta opioid receptor antagonist | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | isoquinolines | |
| abscisic acid Abscisic Acid: Abscission-accelerating plant growth substance isolated from young cotton fruit, leaves of sycamore, birch, and other plants, and from potatoes, lemons, avocados, and other fruits.. (S)-2-trans-abscisic acid : A 2-trans-abscisic acid with (S)-configuration at the chiral centre.. (+)-abscisic acid : The naturally occurring (1'S)-(+) enantiomer of abscisic acid. It is an important sesquiterpenoid plant hormone which acts as a regulator of plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and cold. | 5.55 | 9 | 0 | 2-trans-abscisic acid | |
| 3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine 3,3'-dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine: a fluorescent probe | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbocyanines Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cyanine dye; organic iodide salt | fluorochrome |
| ammonium sulfate Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.. ammonium sulfate : An inorganic sulfate salt obtained by reaction of sulfuric acid with two equivalents of ammonia. A high-melting (decomposes above 280degreeC) white solid which is very soluble in water (70.6 g/100 g water at 0degreeC; 103.8 g/100 g water at 100degreeC), it is widely used as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ammonium salt; inorganic sulfate salt | fertilizer |
| 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid 4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid: An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| mastoparan [no description available] | 3.93 | 13 | 0 | mastoparans; peptidyl amide | antimicrobial agent |
| tetrodotoxin Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | azatetracycloalkane; oxatetracycloalkane; quinazoline alkaloid | animal metabolite; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite; neurotoxin; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker |
| selenium Selenium: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | micronutrient |
| 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine: RN given in first source; RN refers to ion(1-); do not confuse with DEA-NO cpd | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | organic anion | |
| cgp 39551 CGP 39551: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist; structure given in first source | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| antimycin a Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). antimycin A : A nine-membered bis-lactone having methyl substituents at the 2- and 6-positions, an n-hexyl substituent at the 8-position, an acyloxy substituent at the 7-position and an aroylamido substituent at the 3-position. It is produced by Streptomyces bacteria and has found commercial use as a fish poison. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | amidobenzoic acid | |
| latrunculin b latrunculin B: 14-membered macrolide attached to 2-thiazolidinone moiety; from Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica; see also latrunculin A; structure given in first source. latrunculin B : A macrolide consisting of a 14-membered bicyclic lactone attached to the rare 2-thiazolidinone moiety. It is obtained from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica. | 2 | 1 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal; macrolide; oxabicycloalkane; thiazolidinone | actin polymerisation inhibitor; metabolite; toxin |
| beta-escin Escin: Pentacyclic triterpene saponins, biosynthesized from protoaescigenin and barringtogenol, occurring in the seeds of AESCULUS. It inhibits edema formation and decreases vascular fragility. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | triterpenoid saponin | |
| beta-escin [no description available] | 3.48 | 8 | 0 | ||
| s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS. | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | nitroso compound; nitrosothio compound | nitric oxide donor; vasodilator agent |
| ergoline Ergolines: A series of structurally-related alkaloids that contain the ergoline backbone structure.. ergoline : An indole alkaloid whose structural skeleton is found in many naturally occurring and synthetic ergolines which are known to bind to neurotransmitter receptors, such as dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin receptors and function as unselective agonists or antagonists at these receptors. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | diamine; ergoline alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent; indole alkaloid; organic heterotetracyclic compound | |
| sq-23377 Ionomycin: A divalent calcium ionophore that is widely used as a tool to investigate the role of intracellular calcium in cellular processes.. ionomycin : A very long-chain fatty acid that is docosa-10,16-dienoic acid which is substituted by methyl groups at positions 4, 6, 8, 12, 14, 18 and 20, by hydroxy groups at positions 11, 19 and 21, and by a (2',5-dimethyloctahydro-2,2'-bifuran-5-yl)ethanol group at position 21. An ionophore produced by Streptomyces conglobatus, it is used in research to raise the intracellular level of Ca(2+) and as a research tool to understand Ca(2+) transport across biological membranes. | 3.85 | 12 | 0 | cyclic ether; enol; polyunsaturated fatty acid; very long-chain fatty acid | calcium ionophore; metabolite |
| fk 866 N-(4-(1-benzoylpiperidin-4-yl)butyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)acrylamide: inhibits nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; structure in first source | 3.59 | 2 | 0 | benzamides; N-acylpiperidine | |
| enkephalin, leucine-2-alanine Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine: A delta-selective opioid (ANALGESICS, OPIOID). It can cause transient depression of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate. | 3.48 | 8 | 0 | ||
| staurosporine staurosporinium : Conjugate acid of staurosporine. | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | ammonium ion derivative | |
| s-nitrosocysteine S-nitrosocysteine: A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is a nitric oxide donor.. S-nitroso-L-cysteine : An L-cysteine derivative in which the sulfur atom carries a nitroso substituent. A cell-permeable low-molecular-weight nitrosothiol and nitric oxide donor. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | L-cysteine derivative; nitrosothio compound | hematologic agent; platelet aggregation inhibitor; vasodilator agent |
| jasplakinolide jasplakinolide: cyclodepsipeptide isolated from marine sponge Jaspis; active against Candida; RN refers to 2S-(2R*,4E,6S*,8R*)-isomer; structure in first source. jaspamide : A cyclodepsipeptide isolated from Jaspis splendens and has been shown to exhibit antineoplastic activity. It is an actin polymerization and stabilization inducer. | 2 | 1 | 0 | cyclodepsipeptide; phenols | actin polymerisation inducer; animal metabolite; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; marine metabolite; neuroprotective agent |
| sincalide Sincalide: An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas. | 2.91 | 4 | 0 | oligopeptide | |
| n(6)-cyclohexyladenosine N(6)-cyclohexyladenosine: structure given in first source; receptors, purinergic P1 agonist | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| akr 501 avatrombopag: enhances megakaryocytopoiesis; structure in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| flag peptide FLAG peptide: engineered as a tag for immunoaffinity purification of genetically-engineered proteins; amino acid sequence given in first source; a polar octapeptide. FLAG peptide : An eight amino acid peptide consisting of L-aspartic acid, L-tyrosine, L-lysine, four L-aspartic acid residues, and L-lysine joined in sequence by peptide linkages. It is widely used as a fusion tag for the purification and detection of a wide variety of recombinant proteins. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | peptide | |
| mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
| lipid a Lipid A: Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.. lipid A : The glycolipid moiety of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (R can be either hydrogen or a fatty acyl group). | 3.12 | 1 | 0 | dodecanoate ester; lipid A; tetradecanoate ester | Escherichia coli metabolite |
| rucaparib AG14447: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor; structure in first source | 3.99 | 1 | 1 | azepinoindole; caprolactams; organofluorine compound; secondary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| 3,4-dihydro-5-(4-(1-piperidinyl)butoxy)-1(2h)-isoquinolinone [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| g(m1) ganglioside G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.. ganglioside GM1 : A sialotetraosylceramide consisting of a branched pentasaccharide made up from one sialyl residue, two galactose residues, one N-acetylgalactosamine residue and a glucose residue at the reducing end attached to N-stearoylsphingosine via a beta-linkage. | 5.77 | 9 | 0 | alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2->3)-[beta-D-galactosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)]-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(1<->1')-N-acylsphingosine; sialotetraosylceramide | |
| fmrfamide FMRFamide: A molluscan neuroactive peptide which induces a fast excitatory depolarizing response due to direct activation of amiloride-sensitive SODIUM CHANNELS. (From Nature 1995; 378(6558): 730-3) | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| succinyl-leucyl-leucyl-valyl-tyrosyl-methylcoumarinamide succinyl-leucyl-leucyl-valyl-tyrosyl-methylcoumarinamide: fluorogenic substrate for ingensin. succinyl-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin : A tetrapeptide compound with a succinyl group at the N-terminal and a 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin group at the C-terminal. | 2 | 1 | 0 | 7-aminocoumarins; tetrapeptide | fluorochrome |
| ribose ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose. | 6.17 | 17 | 0 | D-ribose; ribopyranose | |
| acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose | |
| nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| brimonidine tartrate Brimonidine Tartrate: A quinoxaline derivative and ADRENERGIC ALHPA-2 RECEPTOR AGONIST that is used to manage INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE associated with OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA and OCULAR HYPERTENSION. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | ||
| nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nystatins | |
| latonduine a latonduine A: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| veratridine Veratridine: A benzoate-cevane found in VERATRUM and Schoenocaulon. It activates SODIUM CHANNELS to stay open longer than normal. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| losartan potassium Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| calcimycin Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems. | 5.68 | 26 | 0 | benzoxazole | |
| sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages. | 3.37 | 7 | 0 | ||
| scopolamine hydrobromide [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| pituitrin Pituitrin: A substance or extract from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). | 3.69 | 10 | 0 | ||
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 14.41 | 652 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | ||
| calcitonin [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| melitten Melitten: Basic polypeptide from the venom of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). It contains 26 amino acids, has cytolytic properties, causes contracture of muscle, releases histamine, and disrupts surface tension, probably due to lysis of cell and mitochondrial membranes. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| cholecystokinin Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety. | 4.48 | 7 | 0 | ||
| atrial natriuretic factor Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS. | 3.23 | 6 | 0 | polypeptide | |
| protein kinase inhibitor peptide protein kinase inhibitor peptide: 18 amino acid residues given in first source; corresponds to the inhibitory domain of the heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| omega-conotoxin (conus magus) Conus magus toxin: from marine mollusk Conus magus; 25-27 amino acid peptide; MW 3 kDa | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| gastrins Gastrins: A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| urotensin i urotensin I: stimulates active chloride transport by the skin of marine teleost in contrast to urotensin II which inhibits it; RN given refers to urotensin I with unknown MF; see also record for urotensin II | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| glucagon Glucagon: A 29-amino acid pancreatic peptide derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of intestinal GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDES. Glucagon is secreted by PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS and plays an important role in regulation of BLOOD GLUCOSE concentration, ketone metabolism, and several other biochemical and physiological processes. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1511). glucagon : A 29-amino acid peptide hormone consisting of His, Ser, Gln, Gly, Thr, Phe, Thr, Ser, Asp, Tyr, Ser, Lys, Tyr, Leu, Asp, Ser, Arg, Arg, Ala, Gln, Asp, Phe, Val, Gln, Trp, Leu, Met, Asn and Thr residues joined in sequence. | 5.02 | 13 | 0 | peptide hormone | |
| mast cell degranulating peptide mast cell degranulating peptide: isolated from bee venoms; made up of 22 amino acids; has 2 disulfide bridges | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | ||
| sauvagine sauvagine: isolated from skin of South American hylid frog, Phyllomedusa sauvagei; has hypotensive & antidiuretic effect; potent stimulating action on secretion of ACTH & corticosterone; inhibitory effect on secretion of PRL, GH, & TSH; consists of straight chain of 40 amino acid residues | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| thymosin beta(4) thymosin beta(4): biological active peptide present in thymosin fractions 5 & 5A; participates in the regulation, differentiation & function of thymus-derived lymphocytes & may also act directly or indirectly on macrophages & other cells involved in cell-mediated immunity | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neuropeptide y Neuropeptide Y: A 36-amino acid peptide present in many organs and in many sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. It has vasoconstrictor and natriuretic activity and regulates local blood flow, glandular secretion, and smooth muscle activity. The peptide also stimulates feeding and drinking behavior and influences secretion of pituitary hormones. | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | ||
| heliodermin heliodermin: MW 5,900 peptide with secretin-like properties | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pancreastatin pancreastatin: A 49 residue post-translational fragment of chromogranin A that inhibits insulin secretion; amino acid sequence given in first source; the 49-amino acid peptide is from pig; human pancreastatin has 52 amino acids (hCgA 250-310) ; see also record for human pancreastatin | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| s6c sarafotoxin sarafotoxins s6: several isotoxins from Atractaspis engaddensis; has strong cardiotoxic activity; all contain 21 amino acid residues; see also endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factor | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | ||
| iberiotoxin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| angiotensinogen Angiotensinogen: An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver in response to lowered blood pressure and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of the ANGIOTENSINS produced in the body by successive enzyme cleavages. Cleavage of angiotensinogen by RENIN yields the decapeptide ANGIOTENSIN I. Further cleavage of angiotensin I (by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME) yields the potent vasoconstrictor octapeptide ANGIOTENSIN II; and then, via other enzymes, other angiotensins also involved in the hemodynamic-regulating RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| irl 1620 sovateltide: a potent, specific ligand for the endothelin-B receptor | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oligonucleotides [no description available] | 3.07 | 5 | 0 | ||
| natriuretic peptide, c-type Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type: A PEPTIDE of 22 amino acids, derived mainly from cells of VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM. It is also found in the BRAIN, major endocrine glands, and other tissues. It shares structural homology with ATRIAL NATRIURETIC FACTOR. It has vasorelaxant activity thus is important in the regulation of vascular tone and blood flow. Several high molecular weight forms containing the 22 amino acids have been identified. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | glycoside | |
| endothelin-1 Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63) | 2.92 | 4 | 0 | ||
| phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
| n-(7-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole))-6-aminocaproyl sphingosine N-(7-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole))-6-aminocaproyl sphingosine: fluorescent ceramide analog; structure given in first source. N-{6-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl}sphingosine : An N-acylsphingosine that is sphingosine with the amino nitrogen converted into a 6-{[N-(7-nitrobenzo-2,1,3-oxadiazol-4-yl)amino]}hexananamido group. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | N-acylsphingosine | fluorescent probe |
| thimerosal Thimerosal: An ethylmercury-sulfidobenzoate that has been used as a preservative in VACCINES; ANTIVENINS; and OINTMENTS. It was formerly used as a topical antiseptic. It degrades to ethylmercury and thiosalicylate.. thimerosal : An alkylmercury compound (approximately 49% mercury by weight) used as an antiseptic and antifungal agent. | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | alkylmercury compound | antifungal drug; antiseptic drug; disinfectant; drug allergen |
| calpain Calpain: Cysteine proteinase found in many tissues. Hydrolyzes a variety of endogenous proteins including NEUROPEPTIDES; CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS; proteins from SMOOTH MUSCLE; CARDIAC MUSCLE; liver; platelets; and erythrocytes. Two subclasses having high and low calcium sensitivity are known. Removes Z-discs and M-lines from myofibrils. Activates phosphorylase kinase and cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinase. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.22.4. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-adenine [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| bucladesine Bucladesine: A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). bucladesine : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is the 2'-butanoate ester and 6-N-butanoyl derivative of 3',5'-cyclic AMP. | 3.92 | 13 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide | |
| sodium nitrite Sodium Nitrite: Nitrous acid sodium salt. Used in many industrial processes, in meat curing, coloring, and preserving, and as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES. It is used therapeutically as an antidote in cyanide poisoning. The compound is toxic and mutagenic and will react in vivo with secondary or tertiary amines thereby producing highly carcinogenic nitrosamines.. sodium nitrite : An inorganic sodium salt having nitrite as the counterion. Used as a food preservative and antidote to cyanide poisoning. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt; nitrite salt | antidote to cyanide poisoning; antihypertensive agent; antimicrobial food preservative; food antioxidant; poison |
| stearates Stearates: Salts and esters of the 18-carbon saturated, monocarboxylic acid--stearic acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| olaparib [no description available] | 3.07 | 3 | 0 | cyclopropanes; monofluorobenzenes; N-acylpiperazine; phthalazines | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor |
| srt1720 [no description available] | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | ||
| s-adenosylmethionine (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine that has R-configuration.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : A zwitterionic tautomer of S-adenosyl-L-methionine arising from shift of the proton from the carboxy group to the amino group.. (R)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has R-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. (S)-S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion : An S-adenosyl-L-methionine zwitterion that has S-configuration; major species at pH 7.3.. S-adenosyl-L-methionine : A sulfonium compound that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-methionine. It is an intermediate in the metabolic pathway of methionine. | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | organic cation; sulfonium compound | coenzyme; cofactor; human metabolite; micronutrient; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| niraparib niraparib: structure in first source. niraparib : A 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide that has S-configuration. It is a potent inhibitor of PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50 of 3.8 and 2.1 nM, respectively) and approved as a first-line maintenance treatment for women with advanced ovarian cancer after responding to platinum-based chemotherapy. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | 2-[4-(piperidin-3-yl)phenyl]-2H-indazole-7-carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; radiosensitizing agent |
| egg white Egg White: The white of an egg, especially a chicken's egg, used in cooking. It contains albumin. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed) | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | BODIPY compound | |
| cardiovascular agents Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| neurotensin neurotensin, Tyr(11)-: RN given refers to parent cpd & (D)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 5/91 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | peptide hormone | human metabolite; mitogen; neurotransmitter; vulnerary |
| nitrogenase Nitrogenase: An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). EC 1.18.6.1. | 6.43 | 18 | 0 | ||
| inositol 1,4-bis(phosphate) inositol 1,4-bis(phosphate): induced in human platelets by thrombin; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate(4-) : An organophosphate oxoanion arising from deprotonation of the phosphate OH groups of 1D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate; major species at pH 7.3. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid 11,12-epoxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (11S,12R)-EET : An 11,12-EET in which the epoxy moiety has 11S,12R-configuration.. 11,12-EET : An EET obtained by formal epoxidation of the 11,12-double bond of arachidonic acid. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | 11,12-EET | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| adenosine diphosphate glucose Adenosine Diphosphate Glucose: Serves as the glycosyl donor for formation of bacterial glycogen, amylose in green algae, and amylopectin in higher plants.. ADP alpha-D-glucoside(2-) : A nucleotide-sugar oxoanion resutling from the deprotonation of both free OH groups of the diphosphate group of ADP alpha-D-glucoside. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | NDP-alpha-D-glucose(2-); ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate-alpha-D-glucose(2-) | human metabolite |
| adp-ribose 1''-phosphate [no description available] | 3.65 | 9 | 0 | ADP-alpha-D-ribose; ribose monophosphate | |
| glycolipids [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | ||
| piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines. | 4.27 | 5 | 0 | ||
| thymosin Thymosin: Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or secondary immunodeficiency diseases, cancer or diseases related to aging. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 3.26 | 6 | 0 | ||
| antibiotic cv-1 [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| GS-441524 [no description available] | 2.9 | 2 | 0 | aromatic amine; C-nucleoside; nitrile; pyrrolotriazine | anticoronaviral agent; antiviral agent; drug metabolite |
| sordarin sordarin: antifungal mold metabolite of Sordaria araneosa; sordarins A and B are stereoisomers. sordarin : An antifungal metabolite of Sordaria araneosa that inhibits protein synthesis. It has a tetracyclic diterpene glycoside structure. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| adp-ribosylarginine ADP-ribosylarginine: RN given refers to (L-Arg-D-ribofuranosyl)-isomer | 4.15 | 16 | 0 | L-arginine derivative | EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor |
| nicotinate mononucleotide nicotinate D-ribonucleotide(2-) : Dianion of nicotinic acid D-ribonucleotide arising from deprotonation of carboxylic acid and phosphate functions. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| diphthamide [no description available] | 5.21 | 16 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| fructose-1,6-diphosphate fructose-1,6-diphosphate: RN refers to (D)-isomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| vasoactive intestinal peptide Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE). | 3.77 | 11 | 0 | ||
| heme Heme: The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.. ferroheme : Any iron(II)--porphyrin coordination complex.. ferroheme b : Heme b in which the iron has oxidation state +2.. heme : A heme is any tetrapyrrolic chelate of iron. | 3.79 | 3 | 0 | ||
| tuftsin Tuftsin: N(2)-((1-(N(2)-L-Threonyl)-L-lysyl)-L-prolyl)-L-arginine. A tetrapeptide produced in the spleen by enzymatic cleavage of a leukophilic gamma-globulin. It stimulates the phagocytic activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neutrophils in particular. The peptide is located in the Fd fragment of the gamma-globulin molecule. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | peptide | |
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 3.52 | 2 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent |
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form. | 4.37 | 21 | 0 | ||
| charybdotoxin [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | ||
| okadaic acid Okadaic Acid: A specific inhibitor of phosphoserine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and 2a. It is also a potent tumor promoter. It is produced by DINOFLAGELLATES and causes diarrhetic SHELLFISH POISONING.. okadaic acid : A polycyclic ether that is produced by several species of dinoflagellates, and is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. A polyketide, polyether derivative of a C38 fatty acid, it is one of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). It is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases and is known to have a variety of negative effects on cells. | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | ketal | |
| pyrethrins [no description available] | 2.37 | 2 | 0 | ||
| o-acetyl-adp-ribose O-Acetyl-ADP-Ribose: An acetyl ester of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE formed during NAD-dependent deacetylation of proteins by SIRTUINS. The acetate group resides on the ribose ring where nicotinamide was cleaved from NAD during the reaction. Several isomers of O-acetyl-ADP-ribose have been isolated from the reaction.. 2''-O-acetyl-ADP-D-ribose : A nucleotide-sugar having ADP as the nucleotide fragment and 2-O-acetyl-D-ribofuranos-5-yl as the sugar component. | 5.34 | 10 | 0 | nucleotide-sugar | |
| hirudin Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oligomycins Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X). | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diphthine diphthine: acid hydrolysis product of diphthamide; should not be confused with diphthin. diphthinate : An amino acid zwitterion that is the conjugate base of cationic diphthine, formed via deprotonation of both carboxy groups and protonation of the primary amino group; major species at pH 7.3.. diphthine : A quaternary ammonium ion consisting of L-histidine with a 3-(trimethylammonio)-3-carboxypropyl group at the 2-position of the the imidazole ring. | 1.95 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion | |
| transforming growth factor alpha Transforming Growth Factor alpha: An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR. | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| 6-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 6-hydroxy-1,4,5,6-tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: structure given in first source; RN from Chemical Abstracts Index Guide | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cyclosporine Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| flavin mononucleotide Flavin Mononucleotide: A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cytochalasin d Cytochalasin D: A fungal metabolite that blocks cytoplasmic cleavage by blocking formation of contractile microfilament structures resulting in multinucleated cell formation, reversible inhibition of cell movement, and the induction of cellular extrusion. Additional reported effects include the inhibition of actin polymerization, DNA synthesis, sperm motility, glucose transport, thyroid secretion, and growth hormone release.. cytochalasin D : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is a mycotoxin produced by Helminthosporium and other moulds which is cell permeable and a potent inhibitor of actin polymerisation and DNA synthesis. | 3.6 | 9 | 0 | ||
| antipain Antipain: An oligopeptide produced by various bacteria which acts as a protease inhibitor. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| peptide yy Peptide YY: A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.. peptide YY : A 36-membered human gut polypeptide consisting of Tyr, Pro, Ile, Lys, Pro, Glu, Ala, Pro, Gly, Glu, Asp, Ala, Ser, Pro, Glu, Glu, Leu, Asn, Arg, Tyr, Tyr, Ala, Ser, Leu, Arg, His, Tyr, Leu, Asn, Leu, Val, Thr, Arg, Gln, Arg and Tyr-NH2 residues joined in sequence. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| lactoferrin Lactoferrin: An iron-binding protein that was originally characterized as a milk protein. It is widely distributed in secretory fluids and is found in the neutrophilic granules of LEUKOCYTES. The N-terminal part of lactoferrin possesses a serine protease which functions to inactivate the TYPE III SECRETION SYSTEM used by bacteria to export virulence proteins for host cell invasion. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| digitonin Digitonin: A glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin which is bound to five sugars. Digitonin solubilizes lipids, especially in membranes and is used as a tool in cellular biochemistry, and reagent for precipitating cholesterol. It has no cardiac effects.. digitonin : A spirostanyl glycoside that is digitogenin in which the 3-hydroxy group is substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl group. It is a steroidal saponin isolated from the foxglove plant, Digitalis purpurea. It is used extensively as a mild non-ionic detergent for extracting proteins from membranes for structure and function studies. | 3.08 | 5 | 0 | ||
| apyrase Apyrase: A calcium-activated enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to yield AMP and orthophosphate. It can also act on ADP and other nucleoside triphosphates and diphosphates. EC 3.6.1.5. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | ||
| muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17. | 2.66 | 3 | 0 | ||
| fucosyl gm1 ganglioside [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-oxodeoxyguanosine triphosphate 8-oxodeoxyguanosine triphosphate: mutagenic nucleotide; hydrolyzed by 8-oxodGTPase to 8-oxodGMP. 8-oxo-dGTP : A purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine as the nucleobase. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | mutagen |
| cyclic gmp Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine. | 6.93 | 39 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; guanyl ribonucleotide | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| deoxyguanosine [no description available] | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside; purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| guanosine diphosphate Guanosine Diphosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 7.45 | 67 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| guanosine monophosphate Guanosine Monophosphate: A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature.. guanosine 5'-monophosphate : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having guanine as the nucleobase. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| guanosine triphosphate Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. | 15.01 | 268 | 0 | guanosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; uncoupling protein inhibitor |
| guanine [no description available] | 4.22 | 5 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| guanosine ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | guanosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | fundamental metabolite |
| hypoxanthine [no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; oxopurine; purine nucleobase | fundamental metabolite |
| inosinic acid Inosine Monophosphate: Inosine 5'-Monophosphate. A purine nucleotide which has hypoxanthine as the base and one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| inosine [no description available] | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | inosines; purines D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 1-methyladenine 1-methyladenine : Adenine substituted with a methyl group at position N-1. | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | ||
| inosine diphosphate Inosine Diphosphate: An inosine nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | inosine phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate | fundamental metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate): Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes. | 6.57 | 196 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| neopterin [no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 5'-guanylylmethylenebisphosphonate guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-methylene]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is guanosine substituted at position 5' by a (beta,gamma-methylene)triphosphate group. | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| allopurinol Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring. | 2 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue; organic heterobicyclic compound | antimetabolite; EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor; gout suppressant; radical scavenger |
| guanylyl imidodiphosphate Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate: A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta to the gamma phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom. It binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg2+. The nucleotide is a potent stimulator of ADENYLYL CYCLASES.. guanosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate : A nucleoside triphosphate analogue that is GTP in which the oxygen atom bridging the beta- to the gamma- phosphate is replaced by a nitrogen atom A non-hydrolyzable analog of GTP, it binds tightly to G-protein in the presence of Mg(2+). | 5.79 | 90 | 0 | nucleoside triphosphate analogue | |
| nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide: structure given in first source | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | ||
| guanosine 5'-o-(2-thiodiphosphate) [no description available] | 4.17 | 17 | 0 | nucleoside diphosphate analogue | |
| 8-bromocyclic gmp 8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP bearing an additional bromo substituent at position 8 on the guanine ring. A membrane permeable cGMP analogue that activates protein kinase G (PKG). It is 4.3-fold more potent than cGMP in activating PKG1alpha and promotes relaxation of tracheal and vascular smooth muscle tissue in vitro. | 2.68 | 3 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; organobromine compound | muscle relaxant; protein kinase G agonist |
| 8-hydroxyguanine 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine: was substituted for guanine at G(8), G(9), G(14), or G(15) in the human telomeric oligonucleotide 5'-d[AGGGTTAG(8)G(9)GTT AG(14)G(15)GTTAGGGTGT]-3'. 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine : An oxopurine that is guanine in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by an oxo group and in which the nitrogens at positions 7 and 9 each bear a hydrogen. | 3.16 | 1 | 0 | oxopurine | |
| trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| nicotinamide-hypoxanthine dinucleotide [no description available] | 2.67 | 3 | 0 | ||
| cyclic guanosine diphosphate-ribose cyclic guanosine diphosphate-ribose: structure in first source; cyclic GDP-ribose is refractory to the cADPR-hydrolyase activity of ADP-ribosyl cyclases | 3.09 | 5 | 0 | ||
| methylnitronitrosoguanidine Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position | 3.5 | 8 | 0 | nitroso compound | alkylating agent |
| 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | guanosines | biomarker |
| 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-gmp 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cGMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide that is 3',5'-cyclic GMP in which the hydrogen at position 2 on the purine fragment is replaced by a 4-chlorophenylthio group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide; aryl sulfide; organochlorine compound; ribonucleotide | protein kinase agonist |
| gtp gamma-4-azidoanilide [no description available] | 2.9 | 4 | 0 | ||
| 2'(3')-o-(n-methyl)anthraniloylguanosine 5'-triphosphate 2'(3')-O-(N-methyl)anthraniloylguanosine 5'-triphosphate: structure given in first source. 3'-MANT-GTP : A purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate that is GTP substituted at the 3' position by an N-methylanthraniloyl group. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate | fluorescent probe |
| guanosine 5'-o-(1-thiotriphosphate) [no description available] | 2.89 | 4 | 0 | ||
| bmn 673 talazoparib: inhibits both PARP1 and PARP2; structure in first source | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-aminoadenosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate) 5'-ribofuranosyl ester 8-aminoadenosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate) 5'-ribofuranosyl ester: a derivative of cADPR, a metabolite of NAD | 4.07 | 15 | 0 | ||
| dibutyryl cyclic gmp Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP: N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-azidoguanosine triphosphate [no description available] | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| batrachotoxinin a 20-alpha-benzoate [no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | ||
| eye [no description available] | 1.97 | 1 | 0 | ||
| concanavalin a Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures. | 3.36 | 7 | 0 | ||
| yo-pro 1 YO-PRO 1: a generally membrane impermeable fluorescent dye | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | ||
| dinitrobenzenes Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
| iodohydroxybenzylpindolol iodohydroxybenzylpindolol: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | ||
| phosphorus radioisotopes Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes. | 5.52 | 68 | 0 | ||
| leptin Leptin: A 16-kDa peptide hormone secreted from WHITE ADIPOCYTES. Leptin serves as a feedback signal from fat cells to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM in regulation of food intake, energy balance, and fat storage. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pyrimidinones Pyrimidinones: Heterocyclic compounds known as 2-pyrimidones (or 2-hydroxypyrimidines) and 4-pyrimidones (or 4-hydroxypyrimidines) with the general formula C4H4N2O. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 8-azidoadenosine [no description available] | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| tetrafluoroaluminate tetrafluoroaluminate: induces inositol phosphate formation | 2.38 | 2 | 0 | ||
| phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.76 | 2 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 3.91 | 12 | 0 |
| Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME. | 0 | 2.76 | 2 | 0 |
| Genetic Predisposition [description not available] | 0 | 4.77 | 6 | 0 |
| Apoplexy [description not available] | 0 | 2.52 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Ischemic Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Ischemic Stroke Stroke due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA resulting in interruption or reduction of blood flow to a part of the brain. When obstruction is due to a BLOOD CLOT formed within in a cerebral blood vessel it is a thrombotic stroke. When obstruction is formed elsewhere and moved to block a cerebral blood vessel (see CEREBRAL EMBOLISM) it is referred to as embolic stroke. Wake-up stroke refers to ischemic stroke occurring during sleep while cryptogenic stroke refers to ischemic stroke of unknown origin. | 0 | 7.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810) | 0 | 7.52 | 2 | 0 |
| 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 4.24 | 12 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available] | 0 | 3.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 4.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy. | 0 | 3.71 | 3 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 4.2 | 6 | 0 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 9.97 | 30 | 2 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 9.97 | 30 | 2 |
| Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 5.3 | 8 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial A malignant neoplasm that originates in cells on the surface EPITHELIUM of the ovary and is the most common form of ovarian cancer. There are five histologic subtypes: papillary serous, endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell, and transitional cell. Mutations in BRCA1, OPCML, PRKN, PIK3CA, AKT1, CTNNB1, RRAS2, and CDH1 genes are associated with this cancer. | 0 | 5.3 | 8 | 1 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 7.12 | 19 | 1 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 7.12 | 19 | 1 |
| Genome Instability [description not available] | 0 | 5.76 | 8 | 0 |
| Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 5.09 | 44 | 0 |
| Anoxemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Hypertension [description not available] | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Hypoxia Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms. | 0 | 3.86 | 4 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Pulmonary Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES. | 0 | 2.47 | 2 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Failure [description not available] | 0 | 2.82 | 2 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 5.58 | 11 | 0 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 5.58 | 11 | 0 |
| Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions. | 0 | 2.82 | 2 | 0 |
| Bladder Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 4.28 | 2 | 1 |
| Urinary Bladder Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER. | 0 | 4.28 | 2 | 1 |
| Carcinoma, Transitional Cell A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS. | 0 | 4.28 | 2 | 1 |
| Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 4.6 | 3 | 0 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE. | 0 | 4.6 | 3 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast An invasive (infiltrating) CARCINOMA of the mammary ductal system (MAMMARY GLANDS) in the human BREAST. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available] | 0 | 3.16 | 5 | 0 |
| Lymph Node Metastasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Metaplasia A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.16 | 5 | 0 |
| Brain Hemorrhage, Cerebral [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 7.6 | 24 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 7.6 | 24 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pancreas [description not available] | 0 | 3.35 | 6 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA). | 0 | 3.35 | 6 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Paraganglioma, Gangliocytic [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Paraganglioma A neural crest tumor usually derived from the chromoreceptor tissue of a paraganglion, such as the carotid body, or medulla of the adrenal gland (usually called a chromaffinoma or pheochromocytoma). It is more common in women than in men. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992) | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA). | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Canine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Esophagus [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Esophageal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 3.71 | 10 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 3.4 | 7 | 0 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 3.71 | 10 | 0 |
| Lung Injury, Acute [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 3.93 | 13 | 0 |
| Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological). | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Prostate [description not available] | 0 | 6.86 | 13 | 0 |
| Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE. | 0 | 6.86 | 13 | 0 |
| Chickungunya Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.63 | 2 | 0 |
| American Trypanosomiasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Skin [description not available] | 0 | 3.87 | 2 | 0 |
| Merkel Cell Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.52 | 1 | 0 |
| Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN. | 0 | 3.87 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Merkel Cell A carcinoma arising from MERKEL CELLS located in the basal layer of the epidermis and occurring most commonly as a primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin. Merkel cells are tactile cells of neuroectodermal origin and histologically show neurosecretory granules. The skin of the head and neck are a common site of Merkel cell carcinoma, occurring generally in elderly patients. (Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1245) | 0 | 3.52 | 1 | 0 |
| Thrombopenia [description not available] | 0 | 2.76 | 2 | 0 |
| Neutropenia A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Thrombocytopenia A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS. | 0 | 2.76 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Kidney [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE. | 0 | 3.87 | 4 | 0 |
| Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Diseases Diseases of BONES. | 0 | 3.12 | 1 | 0 |
| Kahler Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Aerobic Glycolysis, Oncologic [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. | 0 | 2.43 | 2 | 0 |
| Blood Poisoning [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Cranial Nerve II Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalomyelitis, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Encephalomyelitis A general term indicating inflammation of the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD, often used to indicate an infectious process, but also applicable to a variety of autoimmune and toxic-metabolic conditions. There is significant overlap regarding the usage of this term and ENCEPHALITIS in the literature. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, RNA Virus [description not available] | 0 | 3.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Anoxia, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Coronavirus [description not available] | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Pneumonia, Viral Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection. | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Coronavirus Infections Virus diseases caused by the CORONAVIRUS genus. Some specifics include transmissible enteritis of turkeys (ENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF TURKEYS); FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS; and transmissible gastroenteritis of swine (GASTROENTERITIS, TRANSMISSIBLE, OF SWINE). | 0 | 2.66 | 2 | 0 |
| Degenerative Diseases, Central Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 3.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Neurodegenerative Diseases Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures. | 0 | 3.92 | 4 | 0 |
| Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. | 0 | 5.38 | 14 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 3.33 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Parkinson Disease A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. Pathologic features include loss of melanin containing neurons in the substantia nigra and other pigmented nuclei of the brainstem. LEWY BODIES are present in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus but may also be found in a related condition (LEWY BODY DISEASE, DIFFUSE) characterized by dementia in combination with varying degrees of parkinsonism. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1059, pp1067-75) | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Allodynia [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Migraine [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Migraine Disorders A class of disabling primary headache disorders, characterized by recurrent unilateral pulsatile headaches. The two major subtypes are common migraine (without aura) and classic migraine (with aura or neurological symptoms). (International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004: suppl 1) | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Infection, Toxoplasma gondii [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Toxoplasmosis The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Nerve Degeneration Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm. | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Adiadochokinesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Child Development Deviations [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Congenital, Nervous System [description not available] | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebellar Ataxia Incoordination of voluntary movements that occur as a manifestation of CEREBELLAR DISEASES. Characteristic features include a tendency for limb movements to overshoot or undershoot a target (dysmetria), a tremor that occurs during attempted movements (intention TREMOR), impaired force and rhythm of diadochokinesis (rapidly alternating movements), and GAIT ATAXIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p90) | 0 | 2.57 | 2 | 0 |
| Developmental Disabilities Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed) | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Legionella pneumophila [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.). | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Togaviridae [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Ischemia A hypoperfusion of the BLOOD through an organ or tissue caused by a PATHOLOGIC CONSTRICTION or obstruction of its BLOOD VESSELS, or an absence of BLOOD CIRCULATION. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time. | 0 | 6.32 | 27 | 0 |
| Advanced Sleep Phase Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Alcohol Drinking Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking. | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY). | 0 | 4.15 | 6 | 0 |
| Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm Dyssomnias associated with disruption of the normal 24 hour sleep wake cycle secondary to travel (e.g., JET LAG SYNDROME), shift work, or other causes. | 0 | 3.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Atypical Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Gasser Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 4.4 | 1 | 1 |
| DDD MPGNII [description not available] | 0 | 4.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome A syndrome that is associated with microvascular diseases of the KIDNEY, such as RENAL CORTICAL NECROSIS. It is characterized by hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC); THROMBOCYTOPENIA; and ACUTE RENAL FAILURE. | 0 | 4.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN. | 0 | 4.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome An hereditary hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with variations in the gene that encodes COMPLEMENT FACTOR H, or the related proteins CFHR1 and CFHR3. Disease often progresses to CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE without the prodromal symptoms of ENTEROCOLITIS and DIARRHEA that characterize typical hemolytic uremic syndrome. | 0 | 4.4 | 1 | 1 |
| Arrhythmia [description not available] | 0 | 3.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Arrhythmias, Cardiac Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction. | 0 | 3.64 | 3 | 0 |
| Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Steatosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Fatty Liver Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Viral Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Virus Diseases A general term for diseases caused by viruses. | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteogenic Sarcoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Bone Neoplasms Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteosarcoma A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 3.24 | 6 | 0 |
| Carcinogenesis The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years. | 0 | 3.46 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Adenoma A benign epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 2.93 | 4 | 0 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.82 | 2 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 3.82 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Pseudomonas [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Pseudomonas Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus PSEUDOMONAS. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.7 | 3 | 0 |
| Apraxia [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Ataxia Impairment of the ability to perform smoothly coordinated voluntary movements. This condition may affect the limbs, trunk, eyes, pharynx, larynx, and other structures. Ataxia may result from impaired sensory or motor function. Sensory ataxia may result from posterior column injury or PERIPHERAL NERVE DISEASES. Motor ataxia may be associated with CEREBELLAR DISEASES; CEREBRAL CORTEX diseases; THALAMIC DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; injury to the RED NUCLEUS; and other conditions. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Cogan Syndrome A condition consisting of inflammatory eye disease usually presenting as interstitial KERATITIS, vestibuloauditory dysfunction, and large- to medium-vessel vasculitis. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Apraxias A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7) | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Mouth [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Tongue [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Tongue Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TONGUE. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Burns, Chemical Burns caused by contact with or exposure to CAUSTICS or strong ACIDS. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) | 0 | 4.01 | 14 | 0 |
| Autosomal Dominant Juvenile Parkinson Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94) | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Parkinsonian Disorders A group of disorders which feature impaired motor control characterized by bradykinesia, MUSCLE RIGIDITY; TREMOR; and postural instability. Parkinsonian diseases are generally divided into primary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE), secondary parkinsonism (see PARKINSON DISEASE, SECONDARY) and inherited forms. These conditions are associated with dysfunction of dopaminergic or closely related motor integration neuronal pathways in the BASAL GANGLIA. | 0 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Helicobacter [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Ischemic Attack, Transient Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6) | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Neoplasms, Pleural [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Mesothelioma A tumor derived from mesothelial tissue (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium). It appears as broad sheets of cells, with some regions containing spindle-shaped, sarcoma-like cells and other regions showing adenomatous patterns. Pleural mesotheliomas have been linked to exposure to asbestos. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 2.44 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac Hypertrophy Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix. | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Cardiac Failure [description not available] | 0 | 5.39 | 5 | 1 |
| Cardiomegaly Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES. | 0 | 4.01 | 5 | 0 |
| Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. | 0 | 5.39 | 5 | 1 |
| Granulocytic Leukemia, Chronic [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Edematous Pancreatitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Pancreatitis INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Aging, Premature Changes in the organism associated with senescence, occurring at an accelerated rate. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Nervous System Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
| Nervous System Diseases Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle. | 0 | 3.61 | 3 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 4.3 | 4 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. | 0 | 4.3 | 4 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill. | 0 | 5.07 | 10 | 0 |
| Metastase [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 3.99 | 5 | 0 |
| Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site. | 0 | 2.72 | 3 | 0 |
| Adolescent Myoclonic Epilepsy [description not available] | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.48 | 8 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES. | 0 | 3.48 | 8 | 0 |
| Clostridioides difficile Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Clostridium Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus CLOSTRIDIUM and closely related CLOSTRIDIOIDES species. | 0 | 2.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal [description not available] | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Pheochromocytoma A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298) | 0 | 3.36 | 7 | 0 |
| Adenoma, beta-Cell [description not available] | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Insulinoma A benign tumor of the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS. Insulinoma secretes excess INSULIN resulting in HYPOGLYCEMIA. | 0 | 3.38 | 7 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7) | 0 | 2.68 | 3 | 0 |
| Acute Brain Injuries [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Brain Injuries Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Glial Cell Tumors [description not available] | 0 | 4.99 | 40 | 0 |
| Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21) | 0 | 4.99 | 40 | 0 |
| Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 2 | 0 |
| Granulocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Acute Disease Disease having a short and relatively severe course. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Myeloid Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Asystole [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion [description not available] | 0 | 3.1 | 5 | 0 |
| Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. | 0 | 5.45 | 15 | 0 |
| Reperfusion Injury Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Pituitary [description not available] | 0 | 3.76 | 11 | 0 |
| Pituitary Neoplasms Neoplasms which arise from or metastasize to the PITUITARY GLAND. The majority of pituitary neoplasms are adenomas, which are divided into non-secreting and secreting forms. Hormone producing forms are further classified by the type of hormone they secrete. Pituitary adenomas may also be characterized by their staining properties (see ADENOMA, BASOPHIL; ADENOMA, ACIDOPHIL; and ADENOMA, CHROMOPHOBE). Pituitary tumors may compress adjacent structures, including the HYPOTHALAMUS, several CRANIAL NERVES, and the OPTIC CHIASM. Chiasmal compression may result in bitemporal HEMIANOPSIA. | 0 | 3.76 | 11 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Congenital [description not available] | 0 | 2.94 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Thymic [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Thymoma A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Impotence [description not available] | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Erectile Dysfunction The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction. | 0 | 2.02 | 1 | 0 |
| Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 3.6 | 3 | 0 |
| Ataxia Telangiectasia An autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by choreoathetosis beginning in childhood, progressive CEREBELLAR ATAXIA; TELANGIECTASIS of CONJUNCTIVA and SKIN; DYSARTHRIA; B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, and RADIOSENSITIVITY to IONIZING RADIATION. Affected individuals are prone to recurrent sinobronchopulmonary infections, lymphoreticular neoplasms, and other malignancies. Serum ALPHA-FETOPROTEINS are usually elevated. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p688) The gene for this disorder (ATM) encodes a cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase and has been mapped to chromosome 11 (11q22-q23). | 0 | 3.6 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available] | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION). | 0 | 2.69 | 3 | 0 |
| Recrudescence [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathological [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Carotid Artery Narrowing [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Constriction, Pathologic The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Carotid Stenosis Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3) | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Community Acquired Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Mycoplasma dispar Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Diabetic Retinopathy Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Bordetella pertussis Infection, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 4.78 | 5 | 0 |
| Whooping Cough A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath. | 0 | 4.78 | 5 | 0 |
| Arthritis, Degenerative [description not available] | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans. | 0 | 2.03 | 1 | 0 |
| Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Disease [description not available] | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 0 |
| Autoimmune Diseases Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides. | 0 | 3.8 | 2 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Anaplastic Astrocytoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Astrocytoma Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082) | 0 | 2.37 | 2 | 0 |
| Cytomegalovirus A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| E coli Infections [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Escherichia coli Infections Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.65 | 3 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Lymphocytic [description not available] | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Germinoblastoma [description not available] | 0 | 6.33 | 24 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Lymphoid Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts. | 0 | 3.56 | 3 | 0 |
| Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue. | 0 | 6.33 | 24 | 0 |
| Leukemia L 1210 [description not available] | 0 | 3.97 | 5 | 0 |
| Cell Transformation, Viral An inheritable change in cells manifested by changes in cell division and growth and alterations in cell surface properties. It is induced by infection with a transforming virus. | 0 | 3.67 | 10 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. | 0 | 4.48 | 9 | 0 |
| Central Hypothyroidism [description not available] | 0 | 3.68 | 10 | 0 |
| Hypothyroidism A syndrome that results from abnormally low secretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND, leading to a decrease in BASAL METABOLIC RATE. In its most severe form, there is accumulation of MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES in the SKIN and EDEMA, known as MYXEDEMA. It may be primary or secondary due to other pituitary disease, or hypothalamic dysfunction. | 0 | 3.68 | 10 | 0 |
| Chromosomal Translocation [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available] | 0 | 3.28 | 2 | 0 |
| Experimental Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 5 | 0 |
| Leukemia L5178 An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Lymphocytosis Excess of normal lymphocytes in the blood or in any effusion. | 0 | 2.66 | 3 | 0 |
| Experimental Hepatoma [description not available] | 0 | 5.37 | 14 | 0 |
| Interstitial Cell Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Sclerosis, Systemic [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Scleroderma, Systemic A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Leucocythaemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
| Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006) | 0 | 3.81 | 4 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 3.08 | 5 | 0 |
| Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy [description not available] | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Pseudohypoparathyroidism A hereditary syndrome clinically similar to HYPOPARATHYROIDISM. It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA; HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA; and associated skeletal development impairment and caused by failure of response to PARATHYROID HORMONE rather than deficiencies. A severe form with resistance to multiple hormones is referred to as Type 1a and is associated with maternal mutant allele of the ALPHA CHAIN OF STIMULATORY G PROTEIN. | 0 | 3.57 | 3 | 0 |
| Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Asymmetric Diabetic Proximal Motor Neuropathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetic Neuropathies Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Astrocytosis [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Adjuvant Arthritis [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| T-Cell Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Lymphoma, T-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes. | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia [description not available] | 0 | 3.68 | 10 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION. | 0 | 3.68 | 10 | 0 |
| Complications, Pregnancy [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Congestive [description not available] | 0 | 4.28 | 4 | 1 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Dilated A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein. | 0 | 4.28 | 4 | 1 |
| Antibody Deficiency Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Syndromes in which there is a deficiency or defect in the mechanisms of immunity, either cellular or humoral. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Goiter Enlargement of the THYROID GLAND that may increase from about 20 grams to hundreds of grams in human adults. Goiter is observed in individuals with normal thyroid function (euthyroidism), thyroid deficiency (HYPOTHYROIDISM), or hormone overproduction (HYPERTHYROIDISM). Goiter may be congenital or acquired, sporadic or endemic (GOITER, ENDEMIC). | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Thyroid [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Thyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Aura [description not available] | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313) | 0 | 2.9 | 4 | 0 |
| Affective Psychosis, Bipolar [description not available] | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Bipolar Disorder A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. | 0 | 3.78 | 2 | 1 |
| Adrenal Cortex Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the ADRENAL CORTEX. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS). | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Di Guglielmo Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood. | 0 | 2.89 | 4 | 0 |
| Intraocular Pressure The pressure of the fluids in the eye. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Alcohol Abuse [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Alcoholism A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4) | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available] | 0 | 4.29 | 4 | 0 |
| Insulin Sensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY. | 0 | 4.29 | 4 | 0 |
| Insulin Resistance Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Edema, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Pleural Effusion Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Syndrome Liver cirrhosis with intrahepatic portal obstruction, HYPERTENSION, and patent UMBILICAL VEINS. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension, Portal Abnormal increase of resistance to blood flow within the hepatic PORTAL SYSTEM, frequently seen in LIVER CIRRHOSIS and conditions with obstruction of the PORTAL VEIN. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Nanism [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Dwarfism A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiomyopathy, Chagas [description not available] | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Chagas Cardiomyopathy A disease of the CARDIAC MUSCLE developed subsequent to the initial protozoan infection by TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI. After infection, less than 10% develop acute illness such as MYOCARDITIS (mostly in children). The disease then enters a latent phase without clinical symptoms until about 20 years later. Myocardial symptoms of advanced CHAGAS DISEASE include conduction defects (HEART BLOCK) and CARDIOMEGALY. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Besnier-Boeck Disease [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Sarcoidosis An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Teratocarcinoma A malignant neoplasm consisting of elements of teratoma with those of embryonal carcinoma or choriocarcinoma, or both. It occurs most often in the testis. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Testis [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Testicular Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Megakaryocytic [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Polyploid [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute An acute myeloid leukemia in which 20-30% of the bone marrow or peripheral blood cells are of megakaryocyte lineage. MYELOFIBROSIS or increased bone marrow RETICULIN is common. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Basophilic Leukemia, Acute [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Leukemia, Basophilic, Acute A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the primary differentiation is to BASOPHILS. It is characterized by an extreme increase of immature basophilic granulated cells in the bone marrow and blood. Mature basophils are usually sparse. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Bone Cysts Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endosteal margins. The cysts contain fluid and the cyst walls may contain some giant cells. Bone cysts usually occur in males between the ages 3-15 years. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibroid [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of the Uterus [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Leiomyoma A benign tumor derived from smooth muscle tissue, also known as a fibroid tumor. They rarely occur outside of the UTERUS and the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT but can occur in the SKIN and SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE, probably arising from the smooth muscle of small blood vessels in these tissues. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Anxiety Neuroses [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Panic Attacks [description not available] | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Anxiety Disorders Persistent and disabling ANXIETY. | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Panic Disorder A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. | 0 | 3.37 | 1 | 1 |
| Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Addiction, Opioid [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Endometrium [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Endometrial Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown. | 0 | 3.32 | 2 | 0 |
| CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Dementias, Transmissible [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome A rare transmissible encephalopathy most prevalent between the ages of 50 and 70 years. Affected individuals may present with sleep disturbances, personality changes, ATAXIA; APHASIA, visual loss, weakness, muscle atrophy, MYOCLONUS, progressive dementia, and death within one year of disease onset. A familial form exhibiting autosomal dominant inheritance and a new variant CJD (potentially associated with ENCEPHALOPATHY, BOVINE SPONGIFORM) have been described. Pathological features include prominent cerebellar and cerebral cortical spongiform degeneration and the presence of PRIONS. (From N Engl J Med, 1998 Dec 31;339(27)) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperactivity, Motor [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Adenoma, Prostatic [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Prostatic Hyperplasia Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Palmoplantaris Pustulosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Psoriasis A common genetically determined, chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by rounded erythematous, dry, scaling patches. The lesions have a predilection for nails, scalp, genitalia, extensor surfaces, and the lumbosacral region. Accelerated epidermopoiesis is considered to be the fundamental pathologic feature in psoriasis. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Heart Disease, Ischemic [description not available] | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Myocardial Ischemia A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION). | 0 | 2.39 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Lung Injury [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Anesthesia Related Hyperthermia [description not available] | 0 | 3.32 | 2 | 0 |
| Dental Fluoroses [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Fluorosis, Dental A chronic endemic form of hypoplasia of the dental enamel caused by drinking water with a high fluorine content during the time of tooth formation, and characterized by defective calcification that gives a white chalky appearance to the enamel, which gradually undergoes brown discoloration. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286) | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Bone Loss, Osteoclastic [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Night Blindness Failure or imperfection of vision at night or in dim light, with good vision only on bright days. (Dorland, 27th ed) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Leishmaniasis, American [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous An endemic disease that is characterized by the development of single or multiple localized lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into Old and New World forms. Old World leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the L. tropica and L. aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the L. major genus. New World leishmaniasis, also called American leishmaniasis, occurs in South and Central America and is caused by species of the L. mexicana or L. braziliensis complexes. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Diathesis [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Anochlesia [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Drug Withdrawal Symptoms [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Substance Withdrawal Syndrome Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatoblastoma A malignant neoplasm occurring in young children, primarily in the liver, composed of tissue resembling embryonal or fetal hepatic epithelium, or mixed epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available] | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE. | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Chronic Illness [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2). | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections, Gram-Positive [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections Infections caused by bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain (positive) when treated by the gram-staining method. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Coronary Heart Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Coronary Disease An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available] | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57) | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Mast-Cell Sarcoma A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow. | 0 | 2.38 | 2 | 0 |
| Adrenal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 3.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Muscle Relaxation That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position. | 0 | 2.67 | 3 | 0 |
| HIV Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells. | 0 | 1.98 | 1 | 0 |
| Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome. | 0 | 3.07 | 5 | 0 |
| Leukocytosis A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Click-Murmur Syndrome [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Dementia Praecox [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Metabolic Acidosis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available] | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 0 |
| Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated. | 0 | 4.05 | 3 | 0 |
| EHS Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cardiac Output, Low A state of subnormal or depressed cardiac output at rest or during stress. It is a characteristic of CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES, including congenital, valvular, rheumatic, hypertensive, coronary, and cardiomyopathic. The serious form of low cardiac output is characterized by marked reduction in STROKE VOLUME, and systemic vasoconstriction resulting in cold, pale, and sometimes cyanotic extremities. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| African Lymphoma [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Deficiency, Vitamin D [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Vitamin D Deficiency A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406) | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Parathyroid [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Parathyroid Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PARATHYROID GLANDS. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Pigmentary Retinopathy [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa Hereditary, progressive degeneration of the retina due to death of ROD PHOTORECEPTORS initially and subsequent death of CONE PHOTORECEPTORS. It is characterized by deposition of pigment in the retina. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroid [description not available] | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperthyroidism Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE. | 0 | 1.96 | 1 | 0 |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Diphtheria A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects. | 0 | 2.88 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Disorders [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Circulatory Collapse [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Shock A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Plasma Cell Tumor [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Plasmacytoma Any discrete, presumably solitary, mass of neoplastic PLASMA CELLS either in BONE MARROW or various extramedullary sites. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |