Compounds > landiolol
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landiolol

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Description

Landiolol is a selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist with a rapid onset and short duration of action. It is synthesized via a multi-step process involving the coupling of a substituted phenyl ring to a chiral alcohol derivative. Landiolol is primarily used as an antihypertensive agent for the rapid control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Its short duration of action allows for quick adjustments to dosing based on the patient's response. Studies on landiolol have investigated its efficacy in various clinical settings, including hypertension, acute coronary syndromes, and cardiac surgery. The compound's unique properties make it an attractive option for patients requiring rapid and transient blood pressure control. The rapid onset and short duration of action are key advantages over other beta-blockers, allowing for precise control of blood pressure. Further research continues to explore its potential applications and clinical benefits.'

landiolol: structure given in first source; a highly cardioselective ultra short-acting beta-blocker [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID114905
CHEMBL ID1742466
CHEBI ID135809
SCHEMBL ID121446
MeSH IDM0354483

Synonyms (35)

Synonym
benzenepropanoic acid, 4-(2-hydroxy-3-((2-((4-morpholinylcarbonyl)amino)ethyl)amino)propoxy)-, (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl ester, (s-(r*,r*))-
ono-1101
(-)-((s)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl p-((s)-2-hydroxy-3-((2-(4-morpholinecarboxamido)ethyl)amino)propoxy)hydrocinnamate
benzenepropanoic acid, 4-((2s)-2-hydroxy-3-((2-((4-morpholinylcarbonyl)amino)ethyl)amino)propoxy)-, ((4s)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl ester
landiolol
(s-(r*,r*))-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 4-(2-hydroxy-3-((2-((4-morpholinylcarbonyl)amino)ethyl)amino)propoxy)benzenepropanoate
ono 1101
CHEBI:135809
[(4s)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl 3-[4-[(2s)-2-hydroxy-3-[2-(morpholine-4-carbonylamino)ethylamino]propoxy]phenyl]propanoate
NCGC00182709-01
NCGC00182709-02
133242-30-5
landiolol [usan:inn]
62nwq924lh ,
unii-62nwq924lh
who 7516
ldll600
aop200704
aop-200704
ldll-600
CHEMBL1742466
AKOS015896630
(-)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4s-ylmethyl 3-[4-[3-[2-(morpholinocarbonylamino)ethylamino]-2s-hydroxypropoxy]phenyl]propionate
benzenepropanoic acid, 4-[(2s)-2-hydroxy-3-[[2-[(4-morpholinylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl]amino]propoxy]-, [(4s)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl ester
landiolol [inn]
landiolol [who-dd]
landiolol [mi]
landiolol [usan]
[(4s)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl 3-(4-{(2s)-2-hydroxy-3-[{2-[(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)amino]ethyl}amino]propoxy}phenyl)propanoate
SCHEMBL121446
DTXSID10158026
DB12212
Q6484656
cid 15034750
EX-A7978

Research Excerpts

Overview

Landiolol is an intravenous, selective beta-1-receptor blocking agent with rapid onset of action and ultra-short half-life. It has a predominant negative chronotropic and only mild negative inotropic effect without significant reduction of blood pressure.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Landiolol is an intravenous, selective beta-1-receptor blocking agent with rapid onset of action and ultra-short half-life that has a predominant negative chronotropic and only mild negative inotropic effect without significant reduction of blood pressure."( The application of landiolol in the cardiovascular and intensive care
Fejér, C; Gellér, L; Kiss, B; Kovács, E; Merkely, B; Pilecky, D; Radics, P; Ruzsa, Z; Straub, É; Zima, E, 2022)		1.77
"Landiolol is a new-generation beta-blocker with fast onset and short half-life."( Comparison of landiolol and amiodarone for the treatment of new-onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery (FAAC) trial: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Besnier, E; Briant, AR; Caspersen, E; Denisenko, A; Descamps, R; Fellahi, JL; Fischer, MO; Gaudard, P; Guinot, PG; Hanouz, JL; Lorne, E; Mahjoub, Y; Mongardon, N; Moussa, MD; Oilleau, JF; Parienti, JJ; Paul, LPS; Rozec, B; Tomadesso, C, 2023)		1.99
"Landiolol is an ultra-short-acting beta-antagonist known to prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation."( Association Between Intraoperative Landiolol Use and In-Hospital Mortality After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Nationwide Observational Study in Japan.
Fushimi, K; Ikumi, S; Iwasaki, Y; Kaiho, Y; Nakajima, M; Ohbe, H; Sasabuchi, Y; Yamauchi, M; Yasunaga, H, 2023)		1.91
"Landiolol is an ultrashort-acting beta-blocker with high beta-1 receptor affinity and less blood pressure-lowering properties than other beta-blockers available for intravenous use in Germany. "( Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Landiolol, an Ultrashort-Acting Beta-Blocker, for Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation for the Germany Health Care System.
Heringlake, M; Walter, E, 2020)		2.29
"Landiolol is a recently innovated ultra-short-acting beta-blocker with 251-fold β1/β2 selectivity, which was originally indicated only to control peri-operative supra-ventricular tachyarrhythmia by 2013 in Japan."( Novel rate control strategy with landiolol in patients with cardiac dysfunction and atrial fibrillation.
Imamura, T; Kinugawa, K, 2020)		1.56
"Landiolol hydrochloride is a novel, ultra-short-acting β-blocker recently developed in Japan."( Effects of landiolol hydrochloride on intractable tachyarrhythmia after pediatric cardiac surgery.
Abe, M; Hiramatsu, Y; Horigome, H; Kanemoto, S; Sakakibara, Y; Takahashi-Igari, M; Tokunaga, C, 2013)		1.5
"Landiolol (Onoact(®)) is an intravenously administered, ultra short-acting β1-blocker with an elimination half-life of 3-4 min and ≈8-fold greater cardioselectivity than esmolol in vitro. "( Landiolol: a review of its use in intraoperative and postoperative tachyarrhythmias.
Plosker, GL, 2013)		3.28
"Landiolol is an ultra-short-acting β-blocker that appears to be more cardioselective and less toxic than esmolol. "( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of landiolol hydrochloride in healthy Chinese subjects.
Hua, W; Huang, M; Wang, H; Wang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhou, W, 2014)		2.1
"Landiolol hydrochloride is an intravenous β1-blocker with a very short half-life."( Dose-finding study of landiolol hydrochloride: a short-acting β1-blocker for controlling heart rate during coronary computed-tomography angiography in Japan.
Hamada, C; Hara, K; Hirano, M; Iino, M; Ikari, Y; Jinzaki, M; Kuribayashi, S, 2013)		1.43
"Landiolol is an ultra-short acting beta-blocker, and some randomized controlled trials of landiolol administration for the prevention of POAF have been conducted in Japan."( Perioperative landiolol administration reduces atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Hamasaki, T; Kitakaze, M; Sakamoto, A, 2014)		1.48
"Landiolol is an ultra-short-acting β1-selective blocker whose effect on tachyarrhythmia after TCPC is unclear."( Effects of landiolol on refractory tachyarrhythmia after total cavopulmonary connection: a retrospective, observational, cohort study.
Fujita, Y; Miyake, K; Miyazu, M; Sento, Y; Sobue, K; Tomita, M; Yoshimura, S; Yoshizawa, S, 2016)		1.55
"Landiolol is a more recent addition."( Comparison of the β-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists Landiolol and Esmolol: Receptor Selectivity, Partial Agonism, and Pharmacochaperoning Actions.
Freissmuth, M; Nanoff, C; Nasrollahi-Shirazi, S; Sucic, S; Yang, Q, 2016)		1.41
"Landiolol hydrochloride is a newly developed ultra short-acting selective beta1-blocker with a half-life of approximately 4 minutes."( [Clinical evaluation of landiolol hydrochloride, an ultra short-acting beta-blocker].
Kasuya, S; Kikuchi, C; Saito, N; Tanaka, S, 2008)		1.37
"Landiolol is an ultra-short-acting beta(1)-adrenergic receptor blocking agent that is used for both perioperative and postoperative patients with tachycardia during general anesthesia. "( Validation of HPLC-UV methods for quantitatively determining landiolol and its major metabolite in human blood.
Hashimoto, Y; Miyata, Y; Nago, S; Shibakawa, K; Tsunekawa, M, 2009)		2.04
"Landiolol hydrochloride is a newly developed cardioselective, ultra short-acting beta(1)-adrenergic receptor blocking agent used for perioperative arrhythmia control. "( Population pharmacokinetics of landiolol hydrochloride in healthy subjects.
Hasegawa, C; Hashimoto, Y; Honda, N; Kasai, H; Kikawa, S; Kitagawa, J; Kunisawa, T; Miyata, Y; Nakade, S; Ohno, T; Tanigawara, Y; Yamauchi, A, 2008)		2.07
"Landiolol is a newly developed ultrashort-acting beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with a half-life of 3 min that is eight times more cardioselective than esmolol."( Effect of low-dose landiolol, an ultrashort-acting beta-blocker, on postoperative atrial fibrillation after CABG surgery.
Fujiwara, H; Kawamura, T; Namai, A; Sakurai, M, 2009)		1.4
"Landiolol is a recently developed, selective short-acting beta1-antagonist. "( The efficacy of landiolol for suppressing the hyperdynamic response following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation: a systematic review.
Furuya, H; Inoue, S; Kawaguchi, M; Tanaka, Y, 2009)		2.14
"Landiolol is a new ultra-short-acting beta 1-selective adrenoreceptor antagonist, which is metabolized rapidly by plasma cholinesterase (PCHE). "( Metoclopramide does not prolong duration of action of landiolol attenuating the hemodynamic response to induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation.
Abe, R; Furuya, H; Inoue, S; Kawaguchi, M; Kobayashi, H, 2010)		2.05
"Landiolol is an ultra-short-acting β-blocker that has less effect on blood pressure, but little is known about its efficacy and safety for patients with AMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)."( Randomized study on the efficacy and safety of landiolol, an ultra-short-acting β1-adrenergic blocker, in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Abe, N; Hanada, K; Higuma, T; Kushibiki, M; Nishizaki, F; Oikawa, K; Okumura, K; Osanai, T; Saito, S; Sukekawa, T; Tomita, H; Yamada, M; Yokota, T, 2012)		1.36
"Landiolol is a newly developed, ultrashortacting, β-adrenoceptor antagonist."( Efficacy of low-dose landiolol, an ultrashort-acting β-blocker, on postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing pulmonary resection for lung cancer.
Funakoshi, Y; Maeda, H; Maekura, R; Nojiri, T; Okumura, M; Takeuchi, Y; Yamamoto, K, 2011)		1.41
"Landiolol hydrochloride is a new β-adrenergic blocker with a pharmacological profile that suggests it can be administered safely to patients who have sinus tachycardia or tachyarrhythmia and who require heart rate reduction. "( Postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or cardiac valve surgery: intraoperative use of landiolol.
Kim, C; Kohda, S; Nakanishi, K; Sakamoto, A; Takeda, S, 2013)		2.04
"Landiolol hydrochloride is a new beta-adrenergic blocker of which greatest advantages are its short duration of action, rapid clearance and high beta 1-selectivity."( [Short-acting beta 1-adrenergic blocker is useful for anesthetic management of cesarean section in a patient with Marfan syndrome].
Kamata, K; Morioka, N; Nomura, M; Ozaki, M, 2004)		1.04
"Landiolol is a newer drug compared with esmolol."( [New ultra-short-acting beta-blockers: landiolol and esmolol--the effects on cardiovascular system].
Mio, Y, 2006)		1.32
"Landiolol hydrochloride is a new ultra-short-acting beta(1)-adrenergic receptor blocking agent that is used for patients with tachycardia during general anesthesia. "( Age and sex-related differences in dose-dependent hemodynamic response to landiolol hydrochloride during general anesthesia.
Arita, H; Hanaoka, K; Mizuno, J; Yamada, Y; Yokoyama, T; Yoshiya, I, 2007)		2.01
"Landiolol is a short-acting beta-blocker, with high beta 1-selectivity and a short duration of action."( Clinical role and efficacy of landiolol in the intensive care unit.
Akada, S; Hongo, T; Miyagi, Y; Sakamoto, A; Sato, C; Takeda, S; Tanaka, K; Terajima, K; Yoshida, Y, 2008)		1.36

Effects

Landiolol has a cardioprotective effect on I/R injury in the rat heart when administered before ischemia. Landiolol hydrochloride has a shorter elimination half-life than any other beta-blocker.

Landiolol hydrochloride has the potential to enhance postischemic cardiac function after the warm cardioplegic arrest. Landiolol has a cardioprotective effect on I/R injury in the rat heart when administered before ischemia.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Landiolol has a cardioprotective effect on I/R injury in the rat heart when administered before ischemia."( Pre-ischemic administration of landiolol prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat heart.
Hirai, H; Minamiyama, Y; Sakaguchi, M; Sasaki, Y; Shibata, T; Suehiro, S; Takahashi, Y; Takemura, S, 2007)		2.07
"Landiolol hydrochloride has a shorter elimination half-life than any other beta-blocker, and it can be administered safely to patients with various tachyarrhythmias."( Pharmacokinetics of landiolol hydrochloride, a new ultra-short-acting beta-blocker, in patients with cardiac arrhythmias.
Atarashi, H; Endoh, Y; Hayakawa, H; Ino, T; Kuruma, A; Saitoh, H; Yashima, M, 2000)		2.07
"Landiolol has a cardioprotective effect on I/R injury in the rat heart when administered before ischemia."( Pre-ischemic administration of landiolol prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat heart.
Hirai, H; Minamiyama, Y; Sakaguchi, M; Sasaki, Y; Shibata, T; Suehiro, S; Takahashi, Y; Takemura, S, 2007)		2.07
"Landiolol hydrochloride has a shorter elimination half-life than any other beta-blocker, and it can be administered safely to patients with various tachyarrhythmias."( Pharmacokinetics of landiolol hydrochloride, a new ultra-short-acting beta-blocker, in patients with cardiac arrhythmias.
Atarashi, H; Endoh, Y; Hayakawa, H; Ino, T; Kuruma, A; Saitoh, H; Yashima, M, 2000)		2.07
"Landiolol hydrochloride has the potential to enhance postischemic cardiac function after the warm cardioplegic arrest. "( Ultra-short-acting cardioselective beta-blockade attenuates postischemic cardiac dysfunction in the isolated rat heart.
Kamiya, H; Tanaka, Y; Watanabe, G; Yasuda, T, 2001)		1.75

Treatment

Treatment with landiolol was shown to normalize serum creatinine and lactate levels following intravenous LPS administration. Landiolol treatment was associated with significantly less severe disease, as assessed by lung histopathology and cardiac function metrics.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Treatment with landiolol was shown to normalize serum creatinine and lactate levels following intravenous LPS administration (Cr: LPS group 0.8 ± 0.6 mg/mL, LPS + landiolol group 0.5 ± 0.1 mg/mL; P < 0.05)."( Effects of Landiolol in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats and In Vitro.
Kanmura, Y; Kiyonaga, N; Moriyama, T, 2019)		1.24
"Cotreatment with landiolol was associated with significantly less severe disease, as assessed by lung histopathology and cardiac function metrics."( Landiolol, an ultrashort-acting beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist, has protective effects in an LPS-induced systemic inflammation model.
Hagiwara, S; Iwasaka, H; Maeda, H; Noguchi, T, 2009)		2.12

Toxicity

Landiolol achieved swift and safe restoration of sinus rhythm in ICU patients with POAF. Adverse events were observed in 49 (64%) of 77 patients in the landiolol group and in 44 (59%) of 74 in the control group.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" External, skeletal and visceral findings revealed no adverse effects of ONO-1101 on fetuses."( [Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of landiolol hydrochloride (ONO-1101) (3). Teratogenicity study in rabbits].
Aze, Y; Chihara, N; Fujita, T; Nakagawa, Y; Nishimura, T; Ozeki, Y; Sakamoto, T; Shimouchi, K; Tanaka, M, 1997)		0.55
"Early intravenous administration of landiolol in patients with AMI undergoing PCI is safe and has the potential to improve cardiac function and inhibit cardiac remodeling in the chronic phase."( Randomized study on the efficacy and safety of landiolol, an ultra-short-acting β1-adrenergic blocker, in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Abe, N; Hanada, K; Higuma, T; Kushibiki, M; Nishizaki, F; Oikawa, K; Okumura, K; Osanai, T; Saito, S; Sukekawa, T; Tomita, H; Yamada, M; Yokota, T, 2012)		0.91
" No decrease in systolic blood pressure or other adverse effects was observed."( Safety and efficacy of a bolus injection of landiolol hydrochloride as a premedication for multidetector-row computed tomography coronary angiography.
Akagi, N; Ito, H; Kanazawa, S; Kohno, K; Kusano, K; Miyoshi, T; Morimitsu, Y; Nakamura, K; Osawa, K; Sato, S, 2013)		0.65
" The safety endpoint was the incidence of adverse events in each of the three groups."( The effectiveness and safety of landiolol hydrochloride, an ultra-short-acting β1-blocker, in postoperative patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Kikawa, S; Taenaka, N, 2013)		0.67
" No significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events among the three groups: 29."( The effectiveness and safety of landiolol hydrochloride, an ultra-short-acting β1-blocker, in postoperative patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Kikawa, S; Taenaka, N, 2013)		0.67
"Landiolol hydrochloride is effective and safe for patients with postoperative SVT."( The effectiveness and safety of landiolol hydrochloride, an ultra-short-acting β1-blocker, in postoperative patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Kikawa, S; Taenaka, N, 2013)		2.12
"Landiolol is an ultra-short-acting β-blocker that appears to be more cardioselective and less toxic than esmolol."( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of landiolol hydrochloride in healthy Chinese subjects.
Hua, W; Huang, M; Wang, H; Wang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhou, W, 2014)		2.1
" The safety of landiolol hydrochloride was assessed by adverse events recording, 12-lead ECG findings, physical examination, laboratory testing, and vital signs."( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of landiolol hydrochloride in healthy Chinese subjects.
Hua, W; Huang, M; Wang, H; Wang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhou, W, 2014)		1.01
" There were no adverse events in any subject."( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of landiolol hydrochloride in healthy Chinese subjects.
Hua, W; Huang, M; Wang, H; Wang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhou, W, 2014)		0.66
"Landiolol achieved swift and safe restoration of sinus rhythm in ICU patients with POAF and could be considered as a favorable drug choice over amiodarone in such patients."( Efficacy and Safety of Landiolol Compared to Amiodarone for the Management of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Intensive Care Patients.
Fujino, Y; Ohta, N; Shibata, SC; Uchiyama, A, 2016)		2.19
" Adverse events (AEs) were assessed for safety; 27 and 29 patients were analyzed for efficacy and safety, respectively."( Efficacy and Safety of the Ultra-Short-Acting β1-Selective Blocker Landiolol in Patients With Recurrent Hemodynamically Unstable Ventricular Tachyarrhymias　- Outcomes of J-Land II Study.
Daimon, T; Ikeda, T; Kinugawa, K; Nagai, R; Okamoto, H; Oki, K; Sakamoto, A; Shiga, T; Shimizu, W; Yamashita, T, 2019)		0.75
" Adverse events were observed in 49 (64%) of 77 patients in the landiolol group and in 44 (59%) of 74 in the control group, with serious adverse events (including adverse events leading to death) in nine (12%) of 77 and eight (11%) of 74 patients."( Efficacy and safety of landiolol, an ultra-short-acting β1-selective antagonist, for treatment of sepsis-related tachyarrhythmia (J-Land 3S): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial.
Kakihana, Y; Matsuda, N; Morimatsu, H; Morishima, E; Nagano, T; Nishida, O; Ogura, H; Okajima, M; Taniguchi, T; Yamada, Y, 2020)		1.11
" No adverse effects were reported in any patient."( Safety and Efficacy of Landiolol Hydrochloride in Children with Tachyarrhythmia of Various Etiologies.
Ashida, A; Kishi, K; Konishi, H; Nemoto, S; Odanaka, Y; Ozaki, N, 2021)		0.93
" There were no significant differences in adverse events at 24 h between the landiolol and control groups."( Efficacy and Safety of Early Intravenous Landiolol on Myocardial Salvage in Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction before Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Randomized Study.
Ichikawa, K; Ito, H; Miyamoto, M; Miyoshi, T; Mori, A; Nakamura, K; Oka, T; Osawa, K; Yoshikawa, M, 2021)		1.12

Pharmacokinetics

Landiolol hydrochloride is a fast-acting cardioselective β1-adrenergic antagonist. Landiolol turned out to be superior to esmolol with respect to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile and local tolerability.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Landiolol hydrochloride has a shorter elimination half-life than any other beta-blocker, and it can be administered safely to patients with various tachyarrhythmias."( Pharmacokinetics of landiolol hydrochloride, a new ultra-short-acting beta-blocker, in patients with cardiac arrhythmias.
Atarashi, H; Endoh, Y; Hayakawa, H; Ino, T; Kuruma, A; Saitoh, H; Yashima, M, 2000)		2.07
" There were no significant changes in the elimination half-life of the drug."( Influence of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of landiolol hydrochloride, an ultra-short-acting beta1-blocker.
Munakata, A; Sakamoto, J; Suto, K; Suto, T; Takahata, T; Tateishi, T; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2005)		0.56
"The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of this ultra-short-acting beta1-blocker were maintained even in the patients with hepatic impairment."( Influence of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of landiolol hydrochloride, an ultra-short-acting beta1-blocker.
Munakata, A; Sakamoto, J; Suto, K; Suto, T; Takahata, T; Tateishi, T; Yasui-Furukori, N, 2005)		0.56
" A total of 420 blood concentration data points collected from 47 healthy male subjects were used for the population pharmacokinetic analysis."( Population pharmacokinetics of landiolol hydrochloride in healthy subjects.
Hasegawa, C; Hashimoto, Y; Honda, N; Kasai, H; Kikawa, S; Kitagawa, J; Kunisawa, T; Miyata, Y; Nakade, S; Ohno, T; Tanigawara, Y; Yamauchi, A, 2008)		0.63
"The main pharmacokinetic parameters of landiolol hydrochloride in healthy Chinese subjects were as follows: doses of 2 groups (L and H); Cmax of 400±110 and 731±246 ng/mL; C21min of 327±109 and 508±141 ng/mL; Tmax of 10."( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of landiolol hydrochloride in healthy Chinese subjects.
Hua, W; Huang, M; Wang, H; Wang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhou, W, 2014)		0.92
"We previously determined the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of landiolol in healthy male volunteers."( Target-controlled infusion and population pharmacokinetics of landiolol hydrochloride in gynecologic patients.
Higashi, R; Iwasaki, H; Kunisawa, T; Kurosawa, A; Matsubara, K; Nakade, S; Sugawara, A; Suno, M; Yamagishi, A, 2015)		0.9
"To date, no data have been reported on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of landiolol, a fast-acting cardioselective β1-adrenergic antagonist, in non-Asian subjects."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two different landiolol formulations in a healthy Caucasian group.
Hodisch, J; Kadlecová, P; Krumpl, G; Trebs, M; Ulc, I, 2016)		0.9
"In Caucasians, both landiolol formulations showed similar pharmacokinetic behaviours, displaying very short half-lives (3."( Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two different landiolol formulations in a healthy Caucasian group.
Hodisch, J; Kadlecová, P; Krumpl, G; Trebs, M; Ulc, I, 2016)		1.01
" Landiolol turned out to be superior to esmolol with respect to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile and local tolerability."( Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Low-, Intermediate-, and High-Dose Landiolol and Esmolol During Long-Term Infusion in Healthy Whites.
Hodisch, J; Husch, B; Kadlecová, P; Krumpl, G; Maurer, G; Trebs, M; Ulč, I, 2018)		1.62
"To study the pharmacokinetic and -dynamic behavior of landiolol in the presence of dobutamine in healthy subjects of European ancestry."( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behavior of landiolol during dobutamine challenge in healthy adults.
Hodisch, J; Kadlecová, P; Krumpl, G; Trebs, M; Ulč, I, 2020)		1.06
" The pharmacokinetic parameters of landiolol in presence of dobutamine showed a short half-life (3."( Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behavior of landiolol during dobutamine challenge in healthy adults.
Hodisch, J; Kadlecová, P; Krumpl, G; Trebs, M; Ulč, I, 2020)		1.09

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether a low-dose β-blocker, in combination with milrinone, improves cardiac function in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with tachycardia."( Low-dose β-blocker in combination with milrinone safely improves cardiac function and eliminates pulsus alternans in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
Doi, M; Fukuta, S; Kobayashi, S; Matsuzaki, M; Murakami, W; Nao, T; Okamura, T; Okuda, S; Susa, T; Tanaka, T; Wada, Y; Yamada, J; Yano, M, 2012)		0.38
"A low-dose β-blocker in combination with milrinone improved cardiac function in ADHF patients with tachycardia; therefore, it may be considered as an adjunct therapy for use when standard therapy with milrinone is not effective at slowing HR."( Low-dose β-blocker in combination with milrinone safely improves cardiac function and eliminates pulsus alternans in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.
Doi, M; Fukuta, S; Kobayashi, S; Matsuzaki, M; Murakami, W; Nao, T; Okamura, T; Okuda, S; Susa, T; Tanaka, T; Wada, Y; Yamada, J; Yano, M, 2012)		0.38

Dosage Studied

Landiolol was found to rapidly control supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVTs) in patients with heart failure. All three beta blockers were equally protective but the intermediate dosage of landiolol preserved LVP during the pre-ischemic period.

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Transitory licking chops, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea and soft feces were observed occasionally in both sexes dosed 25 and 50 mg/kg/day and the incidence seemed dose-dependent."( [Toxicity studies of landiolol hydrochloride (ONO-1101) (3). 4-week repeated dose intravenous toxicity study in dogs with 4-week recovery test].
Fujita, T; Oida, H; Shichino, Y; Shimizu, K; Suzuki, Y; Tanaka, M; Ueda, H; Yamaguchi, K; Yanagi, H; Yonezawa, H, 1997)		0.62
" Hypoactivity, bradypnea/apnea and clonic convulsion after administration was observed in animal dosed 100 mg/kg/day."( [Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies of landiolol hydrochloride (ONO-1101) (3). Teratogenicity study in rabbits].
Aze, Y; Chihara, N; Fujita, T; Nakagawa, Y; Nishimura, T; Ozeki, Y; Sakamoto, T; Shimouchi, K; Tanaka, M, 1997)		0.55
" All three beta blockers were equally protective but the intermediate dosage of landiolol preserved LVP during the pre-ischemic period."( Landiolol, esmolol and propranolol protect from ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated guinea pig hearts.
Fujita, S; Kanaya, N; Kurosawa, S; Nakayama, M; Namiki, A; Niiyama, Y, 2003)		1.99
" We aimed to determine the appropriate dosage of landiolol for the treatment of hemodynamic changes in response to endotracheal intubation."( Landiolol attenuates tachycardia in response to endotracheal intubation without affecting blood pressure.
Fujii, K; Hatano, Y; Hironaka, Y; Iranami, H; Kinoshita, H; Nakahata, K; Shimogai, M; Yamazaki, A, 2005)		2.03
"Administration of landiolol using the presently recommended dosage and administration route causes a decrease in HR without aggravation of hemodynamics in patients with normal cardiac function, but in patients with preoperative EF lower than 50%, it may lead to further deterioration of cardiac function due to a decrease in HR."( The effect of landiolol on hemodynamics and left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease.
Goto, K; Miyakawa, H; Miyamoto, S; Noguchi, T; Shingu, C, 2007)		1.03
" The dose-response curves of Raw and Cdyn to acetylcholine were significantly elevated and declined in the ovalbumin-sensitized model compared with those in the control group."( Beta-1 selective adrenergic antagonist landiolol and esmolol can be safely used in patients with airway hyperreactivity.
Iwasaki, S; Jeong, SW; Namiki, A; Satoh, J; Yamakage, M, )		0.4
"Although selective beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonists are known to provide neuroprotective effects after brain ischemia, dose-response relationships of their neuroprotective effects have not been examined."( Neuroprotective effects of selective β-1 adrenoceptor antagonists, landiolol and esmolol, on transient forebrain ischemia in rats; a dose-response study.
Goyagi, T; Horiguchi, T; Masaki, Y; Nishikawa, T; Tobe, Y, 2012)		0.62
"The purpose of this study was to find a safe dosing regimen for landiolol, an ultra-short-acting β-adrenergic blocking agent, to rapidly control supraventricular tachyarrhythmias (SVTs) in patients with heart failure (HF)."( Novel use of the ultra-short-acting intravenous β1-selective blocker landiolol for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with congestive heart failure.
Adachi, T; Aonuma, K; Baba, M; Hasegawa, T; Hiraya, D; Hoshi, T; Kuroki, K; Sato, A, 2014)		0.88
" Landiolol was infused with a dosage of 5 μg/kg/min during general anesthesia in the landiolol group, which was compared with the placebo control group with no landiolol."( Landiolol infusion during general anesthesia does not prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing lung resection.
Aoyama, H; Aoyama, Y; Otsuka, Y, 2016)		2.79
" Landiolol was effective in terms of rate control and haemodynamics optimization, enabling de-escalation of catecholamine dosing in all patients."( Effect of landiolol in patients with tachyarrhythmias and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF): a case series.
Colombo, C; Ditali, V; Garatti, L; Morici, N; Oliva, F; Sacco, A; Villanova, L, 2022)		2.03
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
morpholinesAny compound containing morpholine as part of its structure.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (307)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's16 (5.21)18.2507
2000's89 (28.99)29.6817
2010's166 (54.07)24.3611
2020's36 (11.73)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 48.93

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index48.93 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.98 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.19 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index77.04 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (48.93)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials85 (27.33%)5.53%
Reviews21 (6.75%)6.00%
Case Studies63 (20.26%)4.05%
Observational6 (1.93%)0.25%
Other136 (43.73%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (14)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Microcirculatory and Macrocirculatory Effects of Landiolol in Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation: a Randomized Study. [NCT03779178]Phase 358 participants (Actual)Interventional2019-01-17Completed
Study of ONO-1101 in Patients Scheduled for Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (CT), a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Multi-Center Study [NCT00924586]Phase 3258 participants (Actual)Interventional2009-06-30Completed
Landiolol for Rate Control in Decompensated Heart Failure Due to Atrial Fibrillation [NCT04694092]40 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2020-11-05Recruiting
LANdiolol MIcrocirculatory Effects During Septic chOc [NCT04931225]Phase 344 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-07-18Recruiting
Controlled Study of ONO-1101 in Patients With Postoperative Tachyarrhythmias in Japan [NCT00212654]Phase 2/Phase 3165 participants Interventional2001-06-30Completed
Beta-blockade With Landiolol in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Pilot Trial [NCT05554978]Phase 1/Phase 232 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-03-03Recruiting
Comparison of Two Strategies for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery : a Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial [NCT04223739]Phase 4380 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2019-12-13Recruiting
Study of ONO-1101 in Patients Scheduled for Coronary Angiography, a Double-Blind, Randomized,Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group, Multi-Center Study [NCT00560209]Phase 2183 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-11-30Completed
Pilot Study of ONO-1101 in Patients Scheduled for Multi-slice Computed Tomography (CT) Due to Suspected Coronary Artery Disease [NCT00311038]Phase 290 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2006-04-30Completed
A Single Centre Prospective, Randomized, Double Blind, Crossover, Pharmacokinetic, Safety and Tolerability Study to Compare Long-term Infusion Administration of LDLL600 Against Esmolol in Healthy Volunteers. [NCT01741519]Phase 114 participants (Actual)Interventional2012-12-31Completed
Controlled Study of ONO-1101 in Patients With Postoperative Tachyarrhythmias in Japan [NCT00212680]Phase 2100 participants Interventional1996-12-31Completed
Comparison of Landiolol Versus Standard of Care for Prevention of Mortality in Patients Hospitalized for a Septic Shock With Hypercontractility: an Open Label Prospective Randomized Study [NCT04748796]360 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-02-01Recruiting
A Prospective, Randomized, Double- Blind, Placebo- Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Landiolol Hydrochloride for Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery [NCT05084118]Phase 3164 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2021-10-21Recruiting
Interest of Low-dose Landiolol Administration After Cardiac Surgery for the Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation [NCT04607122]Phase 3400 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-01-27Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
n(g),n(g')-dimethyl-l-arginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine		3.4611alpha-amino acid
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.4620aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
hydrogen carbonate
Bicarbonates: Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.. hydrogencarbonate : The carbon oxoanion resulting from the removal of a proton from carbonic acid.		210carbon oxoanioncofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		7.3110aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
nitrous oxide
Nitrous Oxide: Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.. dinitrogen oxide : A nitrogen oxide consisting of linear unsymmetrical molecules with formula N2O. While it is the most used gaseous anaesthetic in the world, its major commercial use, due to its solubility under pressure in vegetable fats combined with its non-toxicity in low concentrations, is as an aerosol spray propellant and aerating agent for canisters of 'whipped' cream.		3.4311gas molecular entity;
nitrogen oxide		analgesic;
bacterial metabolite;
food packaging gas;
food propellant;
general anaesthetic;
greenhouse gas;
inhalation anaesthetic;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
raising agent;
refrigerant;
vasodilator agent
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		17.730083isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
theophylline
[no description available]		710dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
amiodarone
Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.. amiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.		4.76611-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiovascular drug
atenolol
Atenolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker possessing properties and potency similar to PROPRANOLOL, but without a negative inotropic effect.. atenolol : An ethanolamine compound having a (4-carbamoylmethylphenoxy)methyl group at the 1-position and an N-isopropyl substituent.		3.1910ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
propanolamine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
sympatholytic agent;
xenobiotic
bisoprolol
Bisoprolol: A cardioselective beta-1 adrenergic blocker. It is effective in the management of HYPERTENSION and ANGINA PECTORIS.		6.251secondary alcohol;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
sympatholytic agent
carvedilol
[no description available]		7.4420carbazoles;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
cardiovascular drug;
vasodilator agent
chelerythrine
chelerythrine : A benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from the root of Zanthoxylum simulans, Chelidonium majus L., and other Papaveraceae.		2.0310benzophenanthridine alkaloid;
organic cation		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor
e 4031
E 4031: class III anti-arrhythmia agent; structure given in UD		210sulfonamide
fentanyl
Fentanyl: A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078). fentanyl : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the aryl amino group of N-phenyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-amine with propanoic acid.		9.3922anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidines		adjuvant;
anaesthesia adjuvant;
anaesthetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		2.0310monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
halothane
[no description available]		2.9240haloalkane;
organobromine compound;
organochlorine compound;
organofluorine compound		inhalation anaesthetic
lidocaine
Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.		2.0310benzenes;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
tertiary amino compound		anti-arrhythmia drug;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
local anaesthetic;
xenobiotic
isoflurane
Isoflurane: A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.		2.4420organofluorine compoundinhalation anaesthetic
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		2.4220catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
labetalol
Labetalol: A salicylamide derivative that is a non-cardioselective blocker of BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and ALPHA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.. labetalol : A diastereoisomeric mixture of approximately equal amounts of all four possible stereoisomers ((R,S)-labetolol, (S,R)-labetolol, (S,S)-labetalol and (R,R)-labetalol). It is an adrenergic antagonist used to treat high blood pressure.. 2-hydroxy-5-{1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl}benzamide : A member of the class of benzamides that is benzamide substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2 and by a 1-hydroxy-2-[(4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino]ethyl group at position 5.		3.1910benzamides;
benzenes;
phenols;
primary carboxamide;
salicylamides;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
metoclopramide
Metoclopramide: A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.. metoclopramide : A member of the class of benzamides resulting from the formal condensation of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid with the primary amino group of N,N-diethylethane-1,2-diamine.		7.0510benzamides;
monochlorobenzenes;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
gastrointestinal drug;
xenobiotic
metoprolol
Metoprolol: A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.. metoprolol : A propanolamine that is 1-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol substituted by a 4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy group at position 1.		3.1910aromatic ether;
propanolamine;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		antihypertensive agent;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
xenobiotic
milrinone
[no description available]		7.9940bipyridines;
nitrile;
pyridone		cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.1.4.17 (3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase) inhibitor;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
neostigmine
Neostigmine: A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.. neostigmine : A quaternary ammonium ion comprising an anilinium ion core having three methyl substituents on the aniline nitrogen, and a 3-[(dimethylcarbamoyl)oxy] substituent at position 3. It is a parasympathomimetic which acts as a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		7.0310quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
nicardipine
Nicardipine: A potent calcium channel blockader with marked vasodilator action. It has antihypertensive properties and is effective in the treatment of angina and coronary spasms without showing cardiodepressant effects. It has also been used in the treatment of asthma and enhances the action of specific antineoplastic agents.. nicardipine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-nicardipine. It is a calcium channel blocker which is used to treat hypertension.. 2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate : A dihydropyridine that is 1,4-dihydropyridine substituted by a methyl, {2-[benzyl(methyl)amino]ethoxy}carbonyl, 3-nitrophenyl, methoxycarbonyl and methyl groups at positions 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively.		4.422benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound
olprinone
olprinone: RN refers to HCl; structure given in first source		8.4611bipyridines
potassium chloride
Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.		210inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
propofol
Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group.		6.5177phenolsanticonvulsant;
antiemetic;
intravenous anaesthetic;
radical scavenger;
sedative
propranolol
Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.. propranolol : A propanolamine that is propan-2-ol substituted by a propan-2-ylamino group at position 1 and a naphthalen-1-yloxy group at position 3.		8.1450naphthalenes;
propanolamine;
secondary amine		anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
anxiolytic drug;
beta-adrenergic antagonist;
environmental contaminant;
human blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
sevoflurane
Sevoflurane: A non-explosive inhalation anesthetic used in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It does not cause respiratory irritation and may also prevent PLATELET AGGREGATION.. sevoflurane : An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.		5.9255ether;
organofluorine compound		central nervous system depressant;
inhalation anaesthetic;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
succinylcholine
Succinylcholine: A quaternary skeletal muscle relaxant usually used in the form of its bromide, chloride, or iodide. It is a depolarizing relaxant, acting in about 30 seconds and with a duration of effect averaging three to five minutes. Succinylcholine is used in surgical, anesthetic, and other procedures in which a brief period of muscle relaxation is called for.. succinylcholine : A quaternary ammonium ion that is the bis-choline ester of succinic acid.		5.0433quaternary ammonium ion;
succinate ester		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
phentolamine
Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.. phentolamine : A substituted aniline that is 3-aminophenol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by 4-methylphenyl and 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl groups respectively. An alpha-adrenergic antagonist, it is used for the treatment of hypertension.		2.110imidazoles;
phenols;
substituted aniline;
tertiary amino compound		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
vasodilator agent
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		3.4611arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
triphenyltetrazolium
triphenyltetrazolium: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium : An organic cation that is tetrazole carrying three phenyl substituents at positions 2, 3 and 5.		2.0310organic cation
aminophylline
Aminophylline: A drug combination that contains THEOPHYLLINE and ethylenediamine. It is more soluble in water than theophylline but has similar pharmacologic actions. It's most common use is in bronchial asthma, but it has been investigated for several other applications.. aminophylline : A mixture comprising of theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.		210mixturebronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug
glutamic acid
Glutamic Acid: A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.. glutamic acid : An alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.		2.0610glutamic acid;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
ferroptosis inducer;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter;
nutraceutical
dobutamine
Dobutamine: A catecholamine derivative with specificity for BETA-1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after CARDIAC SURGERY and during DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY.. dobutamine : A catecholamine that is 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. A beta1-adrenergic receptor agonist that has cardiac stimulant action without evoking vasoconstriction or tachycardia, it is used as the hydrochloride to increase the contractility of the heart in the management of acute heart failure.		5.1342catecholamine;
secondary amine		beta-adrenergic agonist;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
diltiazem
Diltiazem: A benzothiazepine derivative with vasodilating action due to its antagonism of the actions of CALCIUM ion on membrane functions.. diltiazem : A 5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetate in which both stereocentres have S configuration. A calcium-channel blocker and vasodilator, it is used as the hydrochloride in the management of angina pectoris and hypertension.		9.93425-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,5-benzothiazepin-3-yl acetateantihypertensive agent;
calcium channel blocker;
vasodilator agent
esmolol
methyl 3-{4-[2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}propanoate : A methyl ester that is methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate in which the hydrogen attached to the phenolic hydroxy group is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propyl group.. esmolol : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-esmolol. A cardioselective and short-acting beta1 receptor blocker with rapid onset but lacking intrinsic sympathomimetic and membrane-stabilising properties, it is used as the hydrochloride salt in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, and for the control of hypertension and tachycardia during surgery. While the S enantiomer possesses all of the heart rate control, both enantiomers contribute to lowering blood pressure.		11.17297aromatic ether;
ethanolamines;
methyl ester;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound
remifentanil
Remifentanil: A piperidine-propionate derivative and opioid analgesic structurally related to FENTANYL. It functions as a short-acting MU OPIOID RECEPTOR agonist, and is used as an analgesic during induction or maintenance of general anesthesia, following surgery, during childbirth, and in mechanically ventilated patients under intensive care.. remifentanil : A piperidinecarboxylate ester that is methyl piperidine-4-carboxylate in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl group and the hydrogen at position 4 is substituted the nitrogen of N-propanoylaniline.		4.4122alpha-amino acid ester;
anilide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
piperidinecarboxylate ester		intravenous anaesthetic;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
sedative
simendan
Simendan: A hydrazone and pyridazine derivative; the levo-form is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, calcium-sensitizing agent, and inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.		7.2510
n,n-dimethylarginine
N,N-dimethylarginine: asymmetric dimethylarginine; do not confuse with N,N'-dimethylarginine. N(omega),N(omega)-dimethyl-L-arginine : A L-arginine derivative having two methyl groups both attached to the primary amino moiety of the guanidino group.		3.4611dimethylarginine;
guanidines;
L-arginine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		7.4420
rocuronium
Rocuronium: An androstanol non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. It has a mono-quaternary structure and is a weaker nicotinic antagonist than PANCURONIUM.. rocuronium : A 5alpha-androstane compound having 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-acetoxy-, 2beta-morpholino- and 16beta-N-allyllyrrolidinium substituents.		2.31103alpha-hydroxy steroid;
acetate ester;
androstane;
morpholines;
quaternary ammonium ion;
tertiary amino compound		drug allergen;
muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
buprenorphine
Buprenorphine: A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.. buprenorphine : A morphinane alkaloid that is 7,8-dihydromorphine 6-O-methyl ether in which positions 6 and 14 are joined by a -CH2CH2- bridge, one of the hydrogens of the N-methyl group is substituted by cyclopropyl, and a hydrogen at position 7 is substituted by a 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group. It is highly effective for the treatment of opioid use disorder and is also increasingly being used in the treatment of chronic pain.		2.0310morphinane alkaloiddelta-opioid receptor antagonist;
kappa-opioid receptor antagonist;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		2.0510pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
methimazole
Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.. methimazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that it imidazole-2-thione in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen which is attached to a nitrogen.		2.03101,3-dihydroimidazole-2-thionesantithyroid drug
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		4.9742cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
thiopental
Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.. thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups.		8.4411barbituratesanticonvulsant;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
intravenous anaesthetic;
sedative;
xenobiotic
alprostadil
[no description available]		2.0210prostaglandins Eanticoagulant;
human metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
dexmedetomidine
[no description available]		2.5120medetomidinealpha-adrenergic agonist;
analgesic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
sedative
tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin: An aminoperhydroquinazoline poison found mainly in the liver and ovaries of fishes in the order TETRAODONTIFORMES, which are eaten. The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction.. tetrodotoxin : A quinazoline alkaloid that is a marine toxin isolated from fish such as puffer fish. It has been shown to exhibit potential neutotoxicity due to its ability to block voltage-gated sodium channels.		2.0510azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
(3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
Fluvastatin: An indole-heptanoic acid derivative that inhibits HMG COA REDUCTASE and is used to treat HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA. In contrast to other statins, it does not appear to interact with other drugs that inhibit CYP3A4.. (3S,5S,6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid : A (6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid diastereoisomer in which both chiral centres have S configuration.. fluvastatin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (3R,5S)- and (3S,5R)-fluvastatin. An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, it is used (often as the corresponding sodium salt) to reduce triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and increase HDL-chloesterol, in the treatment of hyperlipidaemia.		3.1910(6E)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-indol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
indocyanine green
Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.		3.44111,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate;
benzoindole;
cyanine dye
endothelin-1
Endothelin-1: A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)		2.830
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		3.8621
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		4.6732
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		3.921polypeptide
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		02.3110
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		02.7730
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		011.264211
Hangman Fracture
[description not available]		02.3110
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		02.3110
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		02.7730
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		016.264211
Spinal Fractures
Broken bones in the vertebral column.		02.3110
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		012.78120
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		07.13171
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		114.78120
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		07.13171
Tachyarrhythmia
[description not available]		010.25518
Tachycardia
Abnormally rapid heartbeat, usually with a HEART RATE above 100 beats per minute for adults. Tachycardia accompanied by disturbance in the cardiac depolarization (cardiac arrhythmia) is called tachyarrhythmia.		010.25518
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		06.73112
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		06.73112
Blood Pressure, Low
[description not available]		05.2962
Hypotension
Abnormally low BLOOD PRESSURE that can result in inadequate blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Common symptom is DIZZINESS but greater negative impacts on the body occur when there is prolonged depravation of oxygen and nutrients.		010.2962
Ventricular Dysfunction
A condition in which HEART VENTRICLES exhibit impaired function.		07.610
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		07.610
Sinus Tachycardia
[description not available]		04.4541
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		05.150
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		02.610
Shock, Cardiogenic
Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.		02.6320
Apical Ballooning Syndrome
[description not available]		03.1240
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive
[description not available]		02.7730
Mitral Incompetence
[description not available]		03.1850
Left Ventricular Outflow Obstruction
[description not available]		03.3350
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).		02.7730
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the LEFT ATRIUM due to imperfect closure of the MITRAL VALVE. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation.		03.1850
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
A transient left ventricular apical dysfunction or ballooning accompanied by electrocardiographic (ECG) T wave inversions. This abnormality is associated with high levels of CATECHOLAMINES, either administered or endogenously secreted from a tumor or during extreme stress.		03.1240
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		05.0381
Endotoxin Shock
[description not available]		010.2852
Shock, Septic
Sepsis associated with HYPOTENSION or hypoperfusion despite adequate fluid resuscitation. Perfusion abnormalities may include but are not limited to LACTIC ACIDOSIS; OLIGURIA; or acute alteration in mental status.		17.2852
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		05.0381
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary
[description not available]		06.2475
Coronary Artery Disease
Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.		011.2475
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		05.8783
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		05.8783
Auricular Flutter
[description not available]		06.63134
Atrial Flutter
Rapid, irregular atrial contractions caused by a block of electrical impulse conduction in the right atrium and a reentrant wave front traveling up the inter-atrial septum and down the right atrial free wall or vice versa. Unlike ATRIAL FIBRILLATION which is caused by abnormal impulse generation, typical atrial flutter is caused by abnormal impulse conduction. As in atrial fibrillation, patients with atrial flutter cannot effectively pump blood into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES).		06.63134
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		04.9542
Metastase
[description not available]		03.5911
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		03.5911
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		04.9542
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		03.5911
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		06.62111
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		18.62111
Angina Pectoris, Stable
[description not available]		03.6411
Angina, Stable
Persistent and reproducible chest discomfort usually precipitated by a physical exertion that dissipates upon cessation of such an activity. The symptoms are manifestations of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA.		03.6411
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		07.67154
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		07.67154
2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease
[description not available]		03.711
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		02.3110
Torsade de Pointes
[description not available]		07.3110
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		02.3110
ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
[description not available]		03.711
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		04.8271
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
A clinical syndrome defined by MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA symptoms; persistent elevation in the ST segments of the ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; and release of BIOMARKERS of myocardial NECROSIS (e.g., elevated TROPONIN levels). ST segment elevation in the ECG is often used in determining the treatment protocol (see also NON-ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		03.711
Cancer of Esophagus
[description not available]		04.9842
Esophageal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.		04.9842
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		03.5311
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		03.5311
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		03.5311
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		03.5311
Endotoxemia
A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.		07.5220
Anoxemia
[description not available]		02.5420
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.76100
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		02.5420
Apnea
A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.		02.5420
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		02.1510
Crisis, Thyrotoxic
[description not available]		03.1650
Tachycardia, Supraventricular
A generic expression for any tachycardia that originates above the BUNDLE OF HIS.		07.17123
Heart Disease, Ischemic
[description not available]		08.78113
Myocardial Ischemia
A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).		013.78113
Ventricular Fibrillation
A potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia that is characterized by uncoordinated extremely rapid firing of electrical impulses (400-600/min) in HEART VENTRICLES. Such asynchronous ventricular quivering or fibrillation prevents any effective cardiac output and results in unconsciousness (SYNCOPE). It is one of the major electrocardiographic patterns seen with CARDIAC ARREST.		02.1710
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		02.830
Ectopic Junctional Tachycardia
[description not available]		03.0340
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		02.830
Hyperthyroid
[description not available]		07.4820
Hyperthyroidism
Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.		07.4820
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.2110
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		07.2110
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		02.2110
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.2110
Bradyarrhythmia
[description not available]		02.0810
Bradycardia
Cardiac arrhythmias that are characterized by excessively slow HEART RATE, usually below 50 beats per minute in human adults. They can be classified broadly into SINOATRIAL NODE dysfunction and ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK.		02.0810
Complication, Intraoperative
[description not available]		07.63182
Blunt Injuries
[description not available]		02.0810
Coronary Artery Stenosis
[description not available]		04.4122
Coronary Stenosis
Narrowing or constriction of a coronary artery.		04.4122
Angina at Rest
[description not available]		02.0810
Angina, Unstable
Precordial pain at rest, which may precede a MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.0810
Thyrotoxicosis
A hypermetabolic syndrome caused by excess THYROID HORMONES which may come from endogenous or exogenous sources. The endogenous source of hormone may be thyroid HYPERPLASIA; THYROID NEOPLASMS; or hormone-producing extrathyroidal tissue. Thyrotoxicosis is characterized by NERVOUSNESS; TACHYCARDIA; FATIGUE; WEIGHT LOSS; heat intolerance; and excessive SWEATING.		02.0810
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		02.4920
Coronary Heart Disease
[description not available]		02.110
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.		02.110
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.110
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.8521
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		08.8521
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.		08.12157
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		16.7821
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		03.1450
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		05.9693
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		03.1450
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		05.9693
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		03.1450
Emergencies
Situations or conditions requiring immediate intervention to avoid serious adverse results.		02.7530
Blood Loss, Postoperative
[description not available]		02.110
Anxiety Neuroses
[description not available]		02.110
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		07.110
Anxiety Disorders
Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.		02.110
Amentia
[description not available]		02.1110
Femoral Fractures
Fractures of the femur.		02.1110
Dementia
An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.		07.1110
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		02.1110
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		02.1110
Asystole
[description not available]		02.1310
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		02.1310
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.1310
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		07.1310
Acute Autoimmune Neuropathy
[description not available]		02.1710
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
An acute inflammatory autoimmune neuritis caused by T cell- mediated cellular immune response directed towards peripheral myelin. Demyelination occurs in peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The process is often preceded by a viral or bacterial infection, surgery, immunization, lymphoma, or exposure to toxins. Common clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Weakness of respiratory muscles and autonomic dysfunction may occur. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1312-1314)		02.1710
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.0510
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.0510
Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous
[description not available]		02.0410
Mandibular Fractures
Fractures of the lower jaw.		02.0410
Pneumothorax
An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.		02.0410
Neuromuscular Blockade
The intentional interruption of transmission at the NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION by external agents, usually neuromuscular blocking agents. It is distinguished from NERVE BLOCK in which nerve conduction (NEURAL CONDUCTION) is interrupted rather than neuromuscular transmission. Neuromuscular blockade is commonly used to produce MUSCLE RELAXATION as an adjunct to anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures. It is also often used as an experimental manipulation in basic research. It is not strictly speaking anesthesia but is grouped here with anesthetic techniques. The failure of neuromuscular transmission as a result of pathological processes is not included here.		03.4311
Cerebrovascular Moyamoya Disease
[description not available]		02.0510
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		02.7330
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		05.2111
Atrial Ectopic Beats
[description not available]		02.0510
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.9640
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		02.9640
Multiple Hemangioblastomas
[description not available]		02.0510
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary
[description not available]		02.0510
ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) Diseases
[description not available]		03.8521
Hemangioblastoma
A benign tumor of the nervous system that may occur sporadically or in association with VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE. It accounts for approximately 2% of intracranial tumors, arising most frequently in the cerebellar hemispheres and vermis. Histologically, the tumors are composed of multiple capillary and sinusoidal channels lined with endothelial cells and clusters of lipid-laden pseudoxanthoma cells. Usually solitary, these tumors can be multiple and may also occur in the brain stem, spinal cord, retina, and supratentorial compartment. Cerebellar hemangioblastomas usually present in the third decade with INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION, and ataxia. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2071-2)		02.0510
Brain Stem Neoplasms
Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.		02.0510
Cardiac Sinus Arrest
[description not available]		02.0510
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.580
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.0510
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		07.0510
Inguinal Hernia
[description not available]		02.0510
Hernia, Inguinal
An abdominal hernia with an external bulge in the GROIN region. It can be classified by the location of herniation. Indirect inguinal hernias occur through the internal inguinal ring. Direct inguinal hernias occur through defects in the ABDOMINAL WALL (transversalis fascia) in Hesselbach's triangle. The former type is commonly seen in children and young adults; the latter in adults.		02.0510
Angor Pectoris
[description not available]		04.3922
Angina Pectoris
The symptom of paroxysmal pain consequent to MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA usually of distinctive character, location and radiation. It is thought to be provoked by a transient stressful situation during which the oxygen requirements of the MYOCARDIUM exceed that supplied by the CORONARY CIRCULATION.		04.3922
Bone Fractures
[description not available]		02.0510
Basedow Disease
[description not available]		07.4620
Graves Disease
A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).		02.4620
Fractures, Bone
Breaks in bones.		02.0510
Aneurysm, Aortic
[description not available]		02.0510
Aortic Dissection
[description not available]		07.0510
Marfan Syndrome, Type I
[description not available]		02.4420
Cardiovascular Pregnancy Complications
[description not available]		02.4420
Aortic Aneurysm
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.		02.0510
Marfan Syndrome
An autosomal dominant disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE with abnormal features in the heart, the eye, and the skeleton. Cardiovascular manifestations include MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE, dilation of the AORTA, and aortic dissection. Other features include lens displacement (ectopia lentis), disproportioned long limbs and enlarged DURA MATER (dural ectasia). Marfan syndrome (type 1) is associated with mutations in the gene encoding FIBRILLIN-1 (FBN1), a major element of extracellular microfibrils of connective tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding TYPE II TGF-BETA RECEPTOR (TGFBR2) are associated with Marfan syndrome type 2.		07.4420
Experimental Spinal Cord Ischemia
[description not available]		02.0510
Dyskinesia Syndromes
[description not available]		02.0510
Movement Disorders
Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.		02.0510
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		03.8521
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		03.4411
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		03.8521
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		08.4411
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		03.4411
Depression, Endogenous
[description not available]		05.0233
Electrocardiogram QT Prolonged
[description not available]		03.4411
Depressive Disorder
An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.		05.0233
Long QT Syndrome
A condition that is characterized by episodes of fainting (SYNCOPE) and varying degree of ventricular arrhythmia as indicated by the prolonged QT interval. The inherited forms are caused by mutation of genes encoding cardiac ion channel proteins. The two major forms are ROMANO-WARD SYNDROME and JERVELL-LANGE NIELSEN SYNDROME.		03.4411
Anterior Cerebral Circulation Infarction
[description not available]		02.0510
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.0510
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		02.0510
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.0510
Brain Infarction
Tissue NECROSIS in any area of the brain, including the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Brain infarction is the result of a cascade of events initiated by inadequate blood flow through the brain that is followed by HYPOXIA and HYPOGLYCEMIA in brain tissue. Damage may be temporary, permanent, selective or pan-necrosis.		02.0510
Paroxysmal Reciprocal Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.4420
Tachycardia, Paroxysmal
Abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation.		02.4420
Hypothermia, Accidental
[description not available]		03.4411
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.		03.4411
Ambulation Disorders, Neurologic
[description not available]		02.0610
Cerebral Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0610
Anterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack
[description not available]		02.9740
Altered Level of Consciousness
[description not available]		02.0610
Ischemic Attack, Transient
Brief reversible episodes of focal, nonconvulsive ischemic dysfunction of the brain having a duration of less than 24 hours, and usually less than one hour, caused by transient thrombotic or embolic blood vessel occlusion or stenosis. Events may be classified by arterial distribution, temporal pattern, or etiology (e.g., embolic vs. thrombotic). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp814-6)		02.9740
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
NECROSIS occurring in the MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY distribution system which brings blood to the entire lateral aspects of each CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE. Clinical signs include impaired cognition; APHASIA; AGRAPHIA; weak and numbness in the face and arms, contralaterally or bilaterally depending on the infarction.		02.0610
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.0710
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		02.0710
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		03.8621
Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarction
[description not available]		02.0710
Cerebral Infarction
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).		02.0710
Ache
[description not available]		02.4620
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		07.4620
Acute Coronary Syndrome
An episode of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA that generally lasts longer than a transient anginal episode that ultimately may lead to MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		07.0710
Constriction, Pathological
[description not available]		02.0810
Intraventricular Septal Defects
[description not available]		02.0810
Constriction, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.		02.0810
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular
Developmental abnormalities in any portion of the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM resulting in abnormal communications between the two lower chambers of the heart. Classification of ventricular septal defects is based on location of the communication, such as perimembranous, inlet, outlet (infundibular), central muscular, marginal muscular, or apical muscular defect.		02.0810
Dilatation, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.		02.0210
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.0210
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		02.0210
Aneurysm, Anterior Cerebral Artery
[description not available]		02.0210
Intracranial Aneurysm
Abnormal outpouching in the wall of intracranial blood vessels. Most common are the saccular (berry) aneurysms located at branch points in CIRCLE OF WILLIS at the base of the brain. Vessel rupture results in SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Giant aneurysms (		02.0210
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		04.3722
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		04.3722
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.0210
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		02.0210
Long QT Syndrome 1
[description not available]		02.0210
Anterior Fascicular Block
[description not available]		02.0210
Liver Dysfunction
[description not available]		03.4111
Liver Diseases
Pathological processes of the LIVER.		03.4111
Circulatory Collapse
[description not available]		02.0310
Shock
A pathological condition manifested by failure to perfuse or oxygenate vital organs.		02.0310
Ebstein Anomaly
A congenital heart defect characterized by downward or apical displacement of the TRICUSPID VALVE, usually with the septal and posterior leaflets being attached to the wall of the RIGHT VENTRICLE. It is characterized by a huge RIGHT ATRIUM and a small and less effective right ventricle.		02.0310
Sick Sinus Node Syndrome
[description not available]		02.0310
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		03.4111
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		03.4111
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		02.0310
Peptic Ulcer Perforation
Penetration of a PEPTIC ULCER through the wall of DUODENUM or STOMACH allowing the leakage of luminal contents into the PERITONEAL CAVITY.		02.0310
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		02.0310
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.0310
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.0310
Recrudescence
[description not available]		02.0310
Extrasystole, Ventricular
[description not available]		04.0931
Depression, Involutional
Form of depression in those MIDDLE AGE with feelings of ANXIETY.		02.0310
Depressive Disorder, Major
Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)		02.0310
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		07.0410
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		02.420